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Definition
A testicular self-exam is done to check for testicular cancer. Normal testicles contain
blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. Performing a
self-exam monthly allows you to become familiar with your normal anatomy. Then if you
notice any changes from the previous exam, you'll know to contact your doctor.
You should perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have or have had any of
the following risk factors:
Risk Factors
The cause of testicular cancer is unknown, but there are several known risk factors:
The best time to examine testicles is during or after a shower or bath. The warm water
allows the scrotum to relax and the testicles to drop down. The left testicle normally
hangs a bit lower than the right. It is common for one testicle to be larger than the other
one.
Young men should examine themselves once a month. More frequent exams actually
may result in missing a slowly changing lump.
• Gently roll each testicle between the thumb and fingers. Testicles should feel
firm and smooth, about the consistency of a hard-boiled egg without the shell.
• The epididymis is a ropelike structure attached to the back of the testis. This
structure is not an abnormal lump
• Feel for firm masses, lumps, or nodules in the testicle. In cancer, these lumps
often are painless.
• Become familiar with normal size, shape, and weight of each testicle and
epididymis. This will help you recognize a change from one self-examination to
another, if a change should occur.
f a suspicious lump exists, the physician may order tests to assist in making
the diagnosis.
Ultrasound
• In addition, when a collection of fluid or blood exists around the testicle, it may
be difficult to feel a mass or lump. Ultrasound can overcome this barrier and give an
accurate image of the testicle.
Blood tests
• Blood tests for serum markers are often elevated in testicular cancer.