‫ﺑﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫‪NGO‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫‪ Ngo‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ » ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ« ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻠﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﹰﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺟـﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺻﺪﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺍﻓﻜـﺎﺭ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﺘﺪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﺷﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ‪: Ngo‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ‪ Ngo‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ‪ %٣٥‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﺟـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺫﻱ ﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ‪ Ngo‬ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﺸـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ECOSOC‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷـﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ١٢‬ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ‪ N g o‬ﺍﻱ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪Ngo‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪Ngo‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻼﻍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻃﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪Ngo‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪ ١٩‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ‪ NGO‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ‬ ‫‪Ngo‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪٢‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٣‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

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‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺑﺂﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺎﻡ ﻣﺸـﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Geneal‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪Special‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪Ruster‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪Ngo‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺮﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪General‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ‪ Special‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻱ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ‪Ngo‬ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ‬ ‫‪Ruster‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠـﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﻢ ﺩﺭ ﮊﺍﻧﻮﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳـﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪ ٤‬ﻧﻔـﺮ ﻣﻴﺸـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﻼﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﻼﺳـﻬﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪Ngo‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﻼﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻲ) ‪ (Oral Statement‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻤﺪﺕ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ‪Ngo‬ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢ (Written‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫)‪Statement‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺘﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ‪ Ngo‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ) ‪ (Joint Statment‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪Ngo‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﻔﻜﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻤـﺪﺕ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٥‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‪١٧ :‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٥ -‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ‪(١٣٨٢/٢/٥ - ١٣٨١/١٢/٢٧) ٢٠٠٣‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻡ ﺭﺋـﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴـﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ »ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻧﺠﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺟﻲ« ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻟﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪﺍﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴـﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻟﻴﺒﻲ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺃﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٣٣‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻓـﻖ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﻤﺘﻨـﻊ ﻭ ﺳـﻪ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﺨـﺎﻟﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺯﻧـﺎﻥ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴـﻪ ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻧﺠﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﭘﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‪ .« ...‬ﺩﺭ ﺿـﻤﻦ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻳﻼﻧﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻲ )‪ (Croatia‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺃﻱ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑـﺪﻋﺖ ﻧـﻮﻳﻨﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻋﻼﻣﻴﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ‪،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠـﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻘﺾ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﭼـﻮﻥ ﺭﺋـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻃﺒﻊ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﻧﻬﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ) ‪ ٥٣‬ﻋﻀﻮ( ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

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‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ ﺍﻋﻀـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﻄـﺎﺏ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳـﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘـﺎ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﮕﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﮕﺮﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٩‬ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ ﺗـﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﺗـﺮ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ‪ ٥٤‬ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻮﺍﺗﻤﺎﻻ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ‪ ١٢‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪١٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣـﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ ﺍﻣﺴـﺎﻝ ﻓﻘـﻂ ‪ ٨‬ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔـﺮ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ)ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺒﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﮔﺴﻼﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﮕﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺭﻧﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻣﻪ(‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﺋﻴﺘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴـﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﹰﺎ ﺩﻡ ﺧـﺮﻭﺱ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴـﻮ ﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺾ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ؟ ﺁﻳـﺎ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑـﺮﺩ؟ ﺁﻳـﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳـﺪ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺗﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ‪،‬ﻛﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺴـﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻄـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘـﺺ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻭ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﻧﺸـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑـﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ) ‪ ( panel‬ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ‬ ‫‪NGO‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ‪ NGO‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻳﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻘـﺾ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﻴﺴـﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻮﺵ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ NGO‬ﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺯﺭﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻫـﺎ ﻱ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ) ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬ ‫‪NGO‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻًﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٨‬ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﻲ ﺧـﺎﺹ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗـﻪ ﻃـﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺌﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٩‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻃﻬـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘـﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ ١٣‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٥‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﭘﻲ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﮕﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻭﺭﮔﻮ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﻣـﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ؟‬

‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ) ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﻮﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻧﻮ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ »ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﻮﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ« ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ‪،‬ﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ‪ NGO‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫـﺮ ﺁﻧﭽـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺳـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺁﻣﺪ ‪ -‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻬﻨﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻐﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺼﻮﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﻮﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﻤﻠـﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟ﺁﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ؟! ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺪ؟‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻥ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ » :‬ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﺸـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻓﺮﻫﻨـﮓ ﺻـﺪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺮﺿﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﺁﺩﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ) ﻧﻘﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ(‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺷﻜﺮ ﺧﺪﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻮﺍﻝ ﻛـﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻣﻲ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﺍﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ ‪ :‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷـﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻓـﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻮﻳـﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻭﮔﻮﻫﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ « ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﺒﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻘﺾ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣـﻮﺯﺵ ﻏﻠـﻂ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ!‬

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‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻳـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺁﻓﺮﻳـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ )ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ‪،‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭﻏﻴـﺮﻩ( ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻴـﺎﻣﺒﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﺑﻼﻍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‪ » ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ« ﻛﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜـﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳـﺎﻥ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﺩﻫﻤﺂﻳﻲ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ‪،‬ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺾ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ؟‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻠـﺖ ﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﺟﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﻘﺎﻕ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠـﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺻـﺪﺍﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄـﻖ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻔﺎﻑ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻗـﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋـﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳـﻚ ﭘـﻞ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺃﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭﻣﻠﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻨﺸـﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠـﻞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﹰﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﺩ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻔﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻓـﺮﺩ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻌﻬـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪،‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ؟‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ » ﺑﻠﻮﭺ « ﻭ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ‪ .‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻡ ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩٨‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻢ! ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻳﻢ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬـﺎ ﭼﻴﺴـﺖ؟ ﮔﻔـﺘﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﭘﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ٦ .‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺘـﻚ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﺗﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻴﻢ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺖ«! ﻣﻦ ﺳﺌﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﻦ ﭼﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﺩﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳـﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﺑـﻴﻦ ﻭﻳـﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ؟ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺍ ﻛﺘﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺯﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﻛﻴـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺧـﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺻـ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺳـﺎﻝ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴـﻮﺍﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻫـﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‪١٢.‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻫـﻢ‬ ‫‪FBI‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺘﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺮﺍ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺴـﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭼﭽﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭺ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺳـﻮﺍﺑﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻢ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﺮﮔـﺰ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻤـﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﻔﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺻﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺧﺘـﺮ ‪ ١٣‬ﺳـﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻡ ﺗﻠﻔـﻦ ﺑـﺰﻧﻢ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻢ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩ ﻩ ﺍﻡ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﺟـﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺧﺘـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻡ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻲ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﮔﻔﺘﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻧﺘﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺸـﺪﺕ ﻣـﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣـﺎ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ‪،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻠﻴـﺖ ﻣـﻦ ﭘﺎﻛﺴـﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺗـﻮﻫﻴﻦ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﻮﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻣﻮﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ؟!‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﮕـﻮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺳـﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴـﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷـﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﭘﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺗﺒﺎﺭ‪ ٢٠٠/٠٠٠ ،‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﺮ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺍﻃـﻼﻉ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻲ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺸـﺎﻥ ﺣﻤﺎﻳـﺖ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺻﺪﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻠﻮﻍ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ )‪ (human wetch‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻇﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣـﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﮔﻔـﺖ‪ :‬ﭘﻠـﻴﺲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺿـﻮﺡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻈﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺳـﺮ ﺯﻧـﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺳـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﻛﻴـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻴﺸـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫـﻢ ﺍﻛﻨـﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺴـﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺠﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻔﻜﺮ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻧﺴـﻮﺭ ﺧﺒـﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣـﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﻜﻮﺕ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺨﺮﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑﺒﺮﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘـﺾ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻣﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺴـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﺬﺍﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ NGO‬ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍﺟـﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﺁﻣﻴـﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣـﻲ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻘـﺾ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﭘﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﺪﻭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳﺎﻻﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻜﻮﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻲ ﺷـﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻫـﺮ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻧﺴﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺪﺷﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻐﺮﺿﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻠﺘﻲ ﻓﻬﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫‪-١‬ﺣﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘـﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴـﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ‪ NGO‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ؛ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘـﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﻫﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴـﺮ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺮﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺣﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴـﻴﺞ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫‪NGO‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﻼ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻫﻴﺌـﺖ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻣـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣﻬﺮﻳـﻪ) ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﻭﻗـﺖ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺂﻧﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺙ )ﻭ ﻟﻮ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ( ﻭ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ )ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺯﻥ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﺭﺛﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ )‪: AIDS (HIV‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺒﺘﻼﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﻱ)‪ AIDS (HIV‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ ٣٣/٦‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ‪ %٩٠‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﺪ ﺕ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ‪ AIDS‬ﻣﺼـﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺼـﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺁﻣـﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻤﻮﻗـﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬

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‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺖ ﻛﻮﺷـﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﮔـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻗـﻮﺍﻧﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕـﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣـﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻟﺲ ﻣﻘﻨﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻤﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻋﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍ ﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺴـﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٩‬ﺻـﺒﺢ ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ ١٠‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯﻇﻬﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ ٩‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺯﻧـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺼﺎ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ) ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺁﻳـﺘﻢ ‪ ( ٩‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ )ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻳﺘﻢ ‪ ( ١٢‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃـﺎﺕ ﺁﻳﻨـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪NGO‬ﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺬﺍﻛﺮﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ٩‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ »ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳـﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﻴـﺎﻣﺒﺮﺍﻥ« ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﭘﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤـﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳـﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺎﻧـﻞ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺍﺳـﻼﻡ )ﺹ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺁﻳـﺎﺕ ﻗـﺮﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫‪E-MAIL‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺌﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺁﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮﻱ ﺭﻓـﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

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‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺎﻧـﻞ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﻣﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﺁﻣﺪﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺳـﺌﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺶ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺷـﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ، ١٩٧٩‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻤﺎﻟـﻚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺍﻋـﺰﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﹰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧـﺎﻗﺾ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ‪ ، ٥٤‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺗﻤﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ‪ ١٢‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷـﮕﺮ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪١٢‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷـﮕﺮ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺸـﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ‪ ، ٥٩‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ٨‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﮕﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻃﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﺑﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﻜـﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸـﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻳﺘﻢ ‪ ٩‬ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤﻜﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﻗﺾ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻀـﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﺍﺩﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﻣﺘﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻴﻨﺴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ » :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺳﺌﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺮﺳـﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬

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‫ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺾ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺪﻳﺸـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺼـﺪﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؟«‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺣـﻖ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎﻣـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻘﺾ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﺓ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻧﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ؟ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ NGO‬ﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ؟‬
‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻲ ﮔﻨﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻏﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺎﻧـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻗﺼـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧـﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﻴـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻣﺼﺪﻕ) ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﺷـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ١٣٣٢‬ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﺗـﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﭘـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔـﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﮔﺮﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼـﺪﻕ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧـﻮ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺓ ﺩﺧﺘـﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺸـﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴـﺪ ﺑﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﺪ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤـﺎﻝ ﮔﺸـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺑﻴـﺎﺕ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﺍﻛﻨـﻮﻥ ‪٧٦‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺭﺝ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳـﻴﺲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﺍ ﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓـﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﻨـﺰﻝ‬

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‫ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٥٠٠٠‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴـﻪ ﻭ ﻏﻴـﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻭﻗـﺖ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﹰﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳـﻮﺋﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻧﻢ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺴـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺡ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻛﻤﺒـﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﺟـﻪ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑﺠﺎﺳـﺖ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻳـﻞ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻭﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﻨﻴـﺎﺩ ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺗﻮﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻮﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ – ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻲ‬

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