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    Is 13920 1993

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    ts 13920: 1993, (Reaffirmed 1998 ) area ara wate ae & carat h ainia yafrr sate dwar ar aa faeare — aniasit fear Indian Standard DUCTILE DETAILING OF REINFORCED CONCREIE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC FORCES — CODE OF PRACTICE (Third Reprint NOVEMBER 1996) UDC 69-059-25 ( 026 ) : 624-042-7 © Bis 1993 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 November 1993 Price Group 7 Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39 FOREWORD ‘This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. IS 4326 : 1976 "Code of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings’ while covering certain special features for the design and construction of earthquake resistant buildings included some details for achieving ductility in reinforced concrete buildings, ‘With view to keep abreast of the rapid developments and extensive research that has been carried out in the field of earthquake resistaxt design of reinforced concrete structures, the technical committee decided to cover provisions for the earthquake resistant design and detailing of reinforced conerete structures Separately. This code incorporates a number of important provisions hitherto not covered in IS 4326 : 1976. ‘The major thrust in the formulation of this standard is one of the following lines! 4) Asa renult of the experince gained from the performance, in recent, earthquakes, of reinforced conerete structures that were designed and detailed a8 per IS 4326 : 1976, many deficiencies thus identified have been corrected in this code. ) Provisions on detailing of beams and columas have been revised with an aim of providing them with adequate toughness and, ductility so as to make them capable of undergoing extensive inelastic deformations and dissipating seismic energy in a stable manner, ©) Specifications on a seismic design and detailing of reinforced concrete shear walls have been included. ‘The other significant changes incorporated in this code are as follow: 2) Material specifications are indicated for lateral force resisting elements of frames. b) Geometric constraints are imposed on the cross section for flexural members. Provisions on minimum and maximum reinforcement have been revised. The requirements for detailing of longitudinal reinforcement in beams at joint faces, splices, and anchorage requirements are made more explicit. Provision are alsg iacluded for caleulation of design shear force and for detailing of transverse reinforcement in beams. ©) For members subjected to axial load and flexure, the dimensional constraints have been imposed on the cross section. Provisions are included for detailing of lap splices and for the calculation of design shear force. A comprehensive set of requirements is included on the provision of special confining reinforcement in those regions of @ column that are: expected to undergo cyclic inelastic deformations during a severe earthquake. @) Provisions have been included for estimating the shear strength and flexural strength of shear wall sections. Provisions are also given for detailing of reinforcement in the wall ecb, boundary elements, coupling beams, around openings, at construction joints, and for the development, splicing and anchorage of reinforcement. Whilst the common methods of design and construction have been covered in this code, spe systems of design and construction of any plaia or reinforced concrete structure not covered by this code may be permitted on production of satisfactory evidence regarding theit adequacy for seismic performance by analysis or tests or both. ‘The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consi- deration the view of manufacturers, users, engineers, architects, builders and technologists aed has related the standard to the practices followed in the country in this field. Due weightage has also ‘been given to. the need for international co-ordination among standards. prevailing different seismic regions of the world. In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publication i) ACT 318-89/318R-89, Building code requirements for reinforced concrete and commentary, published by American Concrete Institute. ii) ATC-I1. Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete shear walls and frame joints : Implications of recent research for design engineers, published by Applied Technology Council, USA. fii) CAN3-A23, 3-M84, 1984, Design of concrete structures for buildings, Canadian Standards Astociatin. iv) SEADC, 1980, Recommended lateral force requirements and commentary, published by Structural Engineers Association of California, USA ‘The composition of the technical committees responsible for formula inAnner 1g this standard is given IS 13920 : 1993 Indian Standard DUCTILE DETAILING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC FORCES — CODE OF PRACTICE 1 SCOPE 11 This standard covers the requirements for ‘designing and detailing of monolithic reinfor- ced concrete buildings so as to give them ade- quate toughness and ductility to resist severe earthquake shocks without collapse. 1.1.1 Provisions of this code shall be adopt: in all reinforced concrete structures which satisfy one of the following four conditions. ) The structure is located in seismic zone IVorV;, ») The structure is located in seismic zone Wand has the importance factor (1) sreater than 1-0; ©) The structure is located in seismic zone If and isan industrial structure; and 4) The structure is located in seismic zone TIT and is more than 5 storey high. NOTE — The definition of scismic zone and impor- fn0e factor are given in 18 1893 1 1904. 1.12 The provisions for reinforced concrete construction given herein apply specifically to monolithic reinforced concrete construction. Precast and/or prestressed concrete members may be used only if they can provide the same level of ductility as that of a monolithic rein- forced concrete construction during or after ‘an earthquake. 2 REFERENCES, 21 The Indian Standards listed below are necessary adjunct to this standard: 3 TERMINOLOGY 3.0 For the purpose of this standard, Tollowing defittions shall apply. 3.1 Boundary Elements Portions along the edges of a shear wall that are strengthened by longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. They may have the same thick- ness as that of the wall web. 3.2 Crosstie Is a continuous bar having a 135° hook with a 10-diameter extension (but not < 75 mm) at each end. ‘The hooks shall engage peripheral longitudinal bars. the 3.3 Curvature Ductility Is the ratio of curvature at the ultimate strength of the section to the curvature at first yield of tension steel in the section. 34 Hoop Isa closed stirrup having a 135° hook with a lO-diameter extension ( but not < 75mm at cach end, that is embedded in the confine core of the section. It may also be made of two pieces of reinforcement; a U-stirrup with a 135° hook and a 10-diameter extension ( but not < 75mm) at each end, embedded in the confined core and a crosstie. 35 Lateral Force Resisting System Is that part of the structural system which resists the forces induced by earthquake. 3.6 Shear Wall ‘A wall that is primarily designed to resist lateral Conerete that is not confined by transverse seinforcement;is-aiso.called concrete cover. IS No. 456: 1978 forces in its own plane. 3.7 Shell Concrete 1786 : 1985 for ~conerete. “reinforcement. -2.6-Spmas-Fréna’ 1893 : 1984 Criteria for earthquake design of structures {fourti-reristory— A three dimensional structural system composed. of interconnected members, without shear or S - on-as a complete AS 13920 : 1993 self-contained unit with or without the aid of horizontal diaphragms or floor bracing systems. ‘3.81 Vertical Load Carrying Space Frame ‘Aspace frame designed to carry all vertical loads. 3:82 Moment Resisting Space Frame ‘A vertical load carrying space frame_in which the members and joints are capable of ‘resisting forees primarily by flexure. 4 SYMBOLS For the purpose of this standard, the following letter symbols shall have the meaning indicated against each; where other symbols are used, they are explained at the appropriate place. All dimensions are in mm, loads in Newton and stresses in MPa ( N/sq mm) unless otherwise specie. Ae — BF058 cross sectional area of column, wall 4s — horizontal reinforcement area within spacing Sy Ax — area of conerete core of columa Aw — reinforcement along each diagonal of coupling beam Aa — area of cross section of bar forming spiral or hoop Au — area of uniformly distributed verti- cal reinforcement dy — vertical reinforcement at a joint Ce = centre to centre distance between boundary elements, D = overall depth of beam Dx — diameter of column core measured to the outside of spiral or hoop d = effective depth of member dy — effective depth of wall section E, — — elastic modulus of steel fc — characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube Sy = yield stress of steel = Ionger_ dimension of rectangular confining hoop measured to its outer face fa — storey height Zaz — clear span of beam te — Iength of member over which special confining reinforcement is 10 be provided Je — horizontal length of wall fy — clear span of coupling beam Me ‘ we PR 5 GENERAL SPECIFICATION S.A The design and eczstruction of reinforced concrete buil — factored design moment on entire wall section hogging moment of resistance of beam at end A sagging moment of resistance of beam at end A hogging moment of resistance of ‘beam at end B sagging moment of resistance of beam at end B moment of resistance of beam framing into column from the left moment of resistance of beam framing into column from the right flexural strength of wall web factored axial load pitch of spiral or spacing hoops vertical spacing of horizontal rein- forcement in web. thickness of wall web shear at end A of beam due to dead and live loads with a partial factor of safety of 1-2 on loads shear at end B of beam due to dead and live loads with a partial factor of safety of 1-2 on loads shear resistance at a joint, factored shear force ‘shear force to be resisted by rein. forcement depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre inclination of diagonal reinforce ment in coupling beam vertical reinforcement ratio compression reinforcement. ratio in a beam — maximum tension reinforcement ratio for a beam — minimum tension reinforcement ratio for a beam shear strength of conerete maximum permissible shear stress in section — nominal shear stress ings shall be governed by the pro- visions of IS 456 : 1978, except as modified by the provisions of this code. It buildings which are more than 3 22 dys imhelght, the minimum grade of concrete shall preferably be M20 ( fea = 20 MPa )- .3 Steel reinforcements of grade Fe 415 (see Js 17864 1983 ) or less only shall be used. 6 FLEXURAL MEMBERS 64 General requirements apply to frame members {esting earthquake induced forecs and designed to resist flexure. ‘These members shall satisfy the following requirements. G14 The factored axial stress on the member under earthquake loading shall not exceed 0 fox 641.2 The member shall preferably have a width-to-depth ratio of more than 0-3. 6.1.3 The width of the member shall not be less than 200 mm. 1.4 The depth D of the member shall prefer- ably be not more than 1/4 of the clear span. 62 Longitudinal Reinforcement 62.1 a) The top as well as bottom reinforce- ment shall consist of at least two bars throughout the member length, b) The tension stee! ratio on any face, at any section, shall not be less than Pin = 0-24 \Jexifys where foe and f, are in MPa. 62.2 The maaimun steel ratio on any face at any section, shall not exceed p,4, = 0-025, 6.23 The positive steel at a joint face must be at least equal to half the negative steel at that ce, 6.24 The steel provided at each of the top and Bottom face of the member at anv section along [its tength shall be at least equal to one-fourth of [the maximum negative moment steel provided [tthe face of either joint. It may be clarified that redistribution of moments permitted S 456 21978 ( clause 36.1 ) will be used only for vertical load moments and not for lateral load joments. £25 In an external joint, both the top. and the tom bars of the beam shall be provided with inchorage length, beyond ti column, equal to the development length in he ats 10 times the bar “diameter minus nce for 90 degree bend(s ) ( see HL} git am internal joint, both Face bars aepecm ‘shall be taken continuously through Is 13920 : 1993 tg +10 dp Lge 10a JEVELOPMENT LENGTH IN TENSION BAR OLAMETER Fig. 1 Ancuorace of Bram BARS IN AN EXTERNAL JOINT 6.2.6 The longitudinal bars shall be spliced, only if boops are provided over the entire splice length, at a spacing not execeding 130 mm see Fig. 2). The lap length shall not be less than the bar development length in tension. Lap splices shall not be provided (a) within. a joint, (b) within a distance of 2¢ from joint face. and (c) within a quarter lengh of the member where flexural yielding may generally occur under the effect of earthquake forces. Not more than 50 percent of the bars shall be spliced at one section. fla petit wy 4p al bd tsomim Lg = DEVELOPMENT LENGTH IN TENSION dy? BAR CIAMETER Fig. 2 Lar, Seuice n Baa 6.2.7 Use of welded splices and mechanical connections may also be made, as per 25.2.5.2 of IS 456 : 1978. However, not’ more than half the reinforcement shall be spliced at @ section where flexural yielding may take place. The location of splices shall be governed by 6.2.6. 1S 13920 : 1993 6.3 Web Reinforcement 63.1 Web reinforcement shall. consist of verti- eal hoops. A vertical hoop is a closed stirrup having @ 135° hook with a 10 diameter exten- sion (but not <75 mm) at each end that is embedded in the confined core (see Fig. 34). In compelling circumstances, it may also be made up of two pieces of reinforcement; a U-rtircup with a 135° hook and a 10 diameter extension (but not <75 mm) at cach end, embedded in the confiaed core and a cro: (ae Fig. 3b). A crosstic is a bar having a 135° hook with a 10 diameter extension ( but not < 75mm )at each end. ‘The hooks shall ‘engage peripheral longitudinal bars. 6.3.2 The minimum diameter of the bar form- ing 4 hoop shall be 6 mm. However, with clear span exceeding $ m, the minimum bar diameter shall be 8 mm. 6.3.3 The shear force to be resisted by the ver- tical hoops shall be the maximum of : a) calculated factored shear force as per analysis, and ) shear force due to formation of plastic hinges at both ends of the beam plus the factored gravity load on the span. This ven by ( see Fig. 4): i) for sway to right: ¥ = yet 4 [Mn | and Vay, 2 Vert + raf Mélin EME ana fi) for sway to te Vas = es ea [ Mei Ma} and Vey =VOtt= 14 Mil + MEin J, where MMi, MA%jq aid M@Mim, M3%jq are the sagging and hogging moments of resistance ore beni Section at ends A'and Br'respectively. These are to be calculated as per IS 486 : 1978. Lup is clear span of beam, 2+" and yg are the shears at ends A and B, respectively, due to vertical loads with a partial tnfety factor of 1-2.0n loads. The desiga shear at end A. shall be the larger of the eo valuce of Va computed above. "Similany, the design shear at end B shall be the larger of the two values of Ys.» computed above. 10.4 275 mm) cRossTiE HOOP —U-STIRRUP. fal tb) io. 3. Beau Wan Ratroncusant 12(D+L) A penescncocmanaenaod 8 L Ba Vub — (SWAY. TO RIGHT) Ah 8s Musi Mu,lim Mua Yu.b (SWAY TO LEFT) 1513920 : 1993 ver Dt 4206 te vps 1200+ fe on lim + Mu i Yarve = |atinMt As Bh Sug nip re Mamet =| tap Ab Bs . Yaa “Ve ate [eta] - Ah Be Mab © Vp 16 [Metin tpstullr] Fro. 4 Cavcutamion of Dusion SHzax Force ror BEAM 634 The contribution of bent up bars inclined hoops to shear resistance of the section shall not be considered. ‘635 The spacing of hoops over a length of 24 at cither end of a beam shall not exceed (3) land (b)8 times the diameter ofthe smallest longitudinal bar; however, it need not be less than 100 mm ( see Fig. 5). The first hoop shall bbe at a distance not exceeding 50 mm from the Joint face. Vertical hoops at the same spacing &5 above, shall also be. provided over a lengtl equal to 2d on either side of a section where flexural yielding may occur under the effect of earthquake forces, Elsewhere, the beam shall dave Vertical hoops at spacing not exceeding 7,COLUMNS AND FRAME MEMBERS SUB- SECTED'TO-BENDING AND-AXFAL LOAD 7.1 Generat Phe these requirements apply to- frame mem- bets which have a factored “axial stress in Foot OF 0-1 fax under the effect of earthquake 7.1.2 The minimum dimension of the member shall not be less than "200 mm, However, ia frames which haye beams with centre to centre a exceeding 5 m or columns of unsupported itngth exceeding 4 i, the shortest die the columa shail not be Tess than 300 mam, 7.1.3 The ratio of the shortest cross sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension shall preferably not be less than 0-4, 7.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement 72 Lap splices shall be provided only in the central half of the member length, It should be ‘proportioned as a tension Provided over the entire splice length at spacing, not exceeding 150mm centre to. centre. Not more than 50 percent of the bars shall be spliced at one section, 7.2.2 Any area of a column that extends more than 100 mm beyond the confined core due to architectural, -sball-be-detailed in ‘contribution the-Following-manner-—In- of this area to strength has been considered, thea it will have the minimum longitudinal and ‘Transverse reinforcement as per’ this” code. 1S 13920 : 1993, MIN 2BARS FOR FULL LENGTH ¢ +e HOOP SPACING MIN. Bd ASS maxaa 8 = BREADTH OF BEAM ty = DIAMETER OF LONGITUDINAL BAR Fic. 5 Beam Remroncement However, if this area has been treated as non- structurai, the minimum reinforcement require- ments shall be governed by IS 456: 1978 provisions minimum longitudinal and transverse einforcement, as per 1S 456: 1978 (see Fig. 6). MINIMUM LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE STEEL AS PER IS 456: 1978 fom a Fic. 6 Renvrorcement ReQuinEMENT FOR Cou wir More THan 100 mm Proecrion BEYOND Cone 7.3 Transverse Reinforcement 73.4 Transverse reinforcement _ for citcular columns shall consist of spiral or circular hoops. In rectangular columas, rectangulac hoops may be used. A rectangular hoop is a closed stirrup, having a 135" hook with #10 diameter extension (but ‘not < 75mm’) at each end, that is embedded in the confined core ( see Fig 7A ). 73.2 The parallel legs of rectangular hoops shail be spaced not more than 300 mm centre to centre. If the length of any side of the hoop exceeds 300 mm, a crosstie ‘shall be provided (Fig. 7B). Alternatively, a pair of overlapping hoops may be provided within the columm ( see Fig. 7C). The hooks shall engage peripheral Iongitudinal bars. 733 The spacing of hoops shall not exceed hhalf the least lateral dimension of the column, except where special confining reinforcement is provided, as per 7.4. 7.3.4 The design shear force for columns shalt be the maximum of: a) calculated factored shear force as per analysis, and 'b) a factored shear force given by Min + MEy Vain r4[ Min Mele] where MBq, and Miq are moment of resistance, of opposite sign, of beams framing to the column from “Gpporite faces see ig. 8 ); and hs is the storey height. The beam moment capacity is to be calculated as per 18 436 : 1978. 7.4 Special Confining Reinforcement This requirement shall be met with, unless a larger amount of transverse reinforcement is, required from shear strength considerations. 1S 13920 : 1993 he> 308 mm [PROVIDE a CROSSTIE Bes300mm e300 mi hee 300mm 1 SHALL BE LARGER OF he AND By h SHALL BE LARGER OF ig AND Be 74 SINGLE HOOP 7B SINGLE HOOP WITH A CROSSTIE > 300mm 104 (375mm) CROSSTIE (Be > 305mm) B= 300 mm Be >300 mm eS 200mm » SHALL BE LARGER OF Ke AND @, 7e OVERLAPPING HOOPS WiTH a cReSsTiE Fic. 7 Transverse REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMN 1S 13920 : 1993 YA1 Special confining reinforcement shall be Provided overs lengtit from, each joint face, towards midspan, and ‘on cither side of any section, where flexural yielding may occur under the effect of earthquake forees (see Fig. 9.)- The length ‘fy’ shall not be less than (2) larger lateral dimension of the member at the section where yielding occurs, (b) 1/6 of ‘clear span of the member, and (¢ } 450 mm. 7.42 When a column terminates into a footing ‘or mat, special conficing reinforcement shall extend at least 300 mm into the footing or mat (see Fig. 10). 7143 When the calculated point: of contra- flexure, under the effect of gravity and earth- quake loads, is not within the middle half of the member clear height, special confining reinforcement shall be provided over the full height of the column. 7AA Columns supporting reactions from dis- continued stiff members, such as walls, shall be provided with special confining reinforce- ‘ment over their full height ( see Fig. 11). This seinforcement shall also be placed above the discontinuity for atleast, the “development Jength of the largest longitudinal bar in the column. Where the column is supported ona ‘wail, this reinforcement shall be provided over the full height of the column; it ‘shall also be provided below the discontinuity for the same development length. TAS Special confining reinforcement shal be provided over the full height of column which i significant variation in stiffness along its height. This variation in stiffness may result Fig. 8 CatcutaTion o Desion SHEAR Force rox Conumn Is 13920 : 1993 FT L- JOINT REINFORCEMENT AS PER 81 . te rRatisverse |, |REINFORCE MENT |as PER 7-2-1 SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT AS PER Todsl TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT, AT + ‘CONFINED JOINT WITH BEAMS FRAMING INTO ALL FOUR SIDES [ALL conrinits REINFORCEMENT AS PER 8:2 Fro. 9 Conumn ano Jour Deraruina SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT 2300 mm Fio. 10 Provision oF SPECIAL ConmmeInG REINFORCEMENT IN FOOTINGS 18-13920 : 1993 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF LONGITUDINAL BAR & SHEAR - Fic. 11 Spectat Conrnino Rewrorcement RaquineMENT FoR CoLumns UNDER Discowrmurp WALLS due to the presence of bracing, a mezzanine floor ora K.C.C. wall on either side of the column that extends only over a part of the column height ( see Fig. 12). TAS The spacing of hoops used as special confining reinforcement shall not exceed 1/4 of minimom member dimension but need not be Jess than 75 mm nor more than 100 mm. IA. The area of cross section, Ay, of the bar forming circular hoops or spital, 10. be used as special confining reinforcement, shall not be less than An = 0-09 sp.fe[4e 10] Where ‘ix = aren of-the-ber cross section, (B= pitetrof-spiral-or spacing-of hoops, ‘De -= diameter of core measured to the ~ outside of the-spiral-or-hoop; Te “+ characteristic: -compressive strength [| cf concrete cube, ji —tteok-{ef -cireular 0p oF spiral), fe = gros area_of the column cross_ section, and ‘de = area of the concrete core =7 D” Example : Consider a column of diemeter 300 mm. Let the grade of conereie be M20, and that of steel Fe 415, for longitudinal and confining reinforcement. The spacing of circue Tar hoops, S, shall not exceed the smaller of (2) 1/4.0f minimum member. dimension = 1/4 x 300 — 75 mm, and (b) 100 mm. There- fore, S = 75 mm. Assuming 40 mm clear cover to the longitudinal reinforcement and circular hoops of diameter 8 mm, Dy = 300—2 > 40 -+ 2x8 = 236 mm. Thus, the area of cross section of the bar forming circular hoop works out to be 47-28 mm. This is less than the cross sectional area of 8 mm bar ( 50-27 mm* ). Thus, circular hoops of diameter 8 mm at_a spacing of 75 mm centre to centre will be adequate. 7.4.8 The area of cross section, Aya, of the bar forming rectangular hoop, to be used as special confining reinforcement shall not be less than. 0] where hel the rectangular confining hoop measured to its outer dn 08 Sh FA a 10 SPACE FOR VENTILATORS UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF COLUMN 1S 13920 : 1993 SHEAR FAILURE \ A INFILLED PANEL/R © WALL pt___ rt st MEZZANINE. FLOOR OR LOFT © Ber LR RE ht (1), 2), (3) and (4) relatively suf columns — They attract parge seismic shear forca. Fig. 12 Covumss wir VARYING STIFFNESS face. Tt shall not exceed 300 mm ( see Fig. 7), and ‘Ag= area of confined concrete core in the rectangular hoop measured to its out- side dimensions. NOTE: The dimension vs of the hoop could be Bi y educa by icrodery asshown in Fis 73, TDN cése 4 bull be mentored a0" the overall ‘¢2te ta, regardless of the boop arrangement. The Books of onaties shall engage ‘penpieral longi: Faample : Consider a column of 650 mm x $0 mm. Tet the grade of concrete be M20 and that of steel Fe 4lS,.for the longitudinal Confining reinforcement. Assuming clear of40mm to the longitudinal reinforce- eiga' fectargular hoops of diameter 10 mm, the-size of the core is 590 m: ad re is 590mm x 440 mm. As sasions are greater than 300 mm, uw either a pair of overlapping hoops or a single hoop with erossties, in both directions, will have to be provided. Thus, the dimension ‘A will be the larger of @)$90/2— 295 mm, and (i) Ho? = 20 mm. The spacing of, Roop, shall not exceed the smaller of (a) 1/4 of mink mum member dimensions = 1/4 x 500 = 125 tam, and (b) 100 mam. Thus, $= 100 mm. The area of cross section of the bar forming rect angular hoop works out to be 64-47 mm*. is less than the area of cross section of 10 mm bar (78:54 mm*). Thus, 10 mm diameter rect- angular hoops at 100 mm’ c/c willbe adequate. Similar calculations indicate that, as an alter- native, one could also provide 8 mm diameter rectangular hoops at 70 mm e/c. 8 JOINTS OF FRAMES BL The special confining reinforcement as required at the end of columin shall be provided ‘15 13920 : 1993 Fe ons wn wen, mis he oii tea ei ap Beta vaca Ba/A lpi werk tnd wheve each beam width ‘sat least 3/40f the column width, may be Sie ih re Ba De (9 SHEAR WALLS 11 General Requirements 9.4.1 The requirements of this section apply to the shear walls, which are part of the lateral force resisting system of the structure. 9.12 The thickness of any part of the wall shall preferably, not be less than 150 mm. 9413 The effective ange width, to be used in the design of flanged wall sections, shall be assumed fo extend. beyond the face of the web for a distance which shall. be the, smaller of (a) half the distance to an adjacent shear wall web, and (b) 1/10 th of the total wall height. 9414 Shear walls shall be provided with reinfor~ Gement in the longitudinal and. transverse -Gieetions inthe plane of the wall. The minimum reinforcement ratio shall be 0-002 5 of the gross ares in each direction. This reinforcement shall ‘be distributed uniformly across the cross section ‘of the wall. 9.1.5 If the factored shear stress in the wall fexceeds 025 Vjo, or if the wall thickness txeeeds 200 mm, cinforcement shall be provided fn two curtains; exch having bars running in the longitudinal and transverse directions in the plane of the wall. 91.6 The diameter of the bars to be used in any part of the wall shail not exceed 1/0th of the Thickness of that part. 94.7 The maximum spacing of reinforcement in tither direction shall not exceed the smaller of In/5,3 ty, and 450 rom; where fy is the horizon faflength of the wall, and fw is the thickness ‘ofthe wall web. (922 Shear Strength [92.1 The nominal shear stress, xv, shall be ‘ealeulated as: a. 2. in ty Ve= factored shear force, fy = thickness of tae web, and dy = effective depth of wall section. This may by taken as 0°8 fw for rectangular sections. 9.2.2 The design shear strength of concrete, x, shall be calculated as per Table 13 of IS 456: 1978. 9.2.3 The nominal shear stress in the wall, xv: shall not exceed cq, mc, a8 per Table 14 of Is 456 : 1978. 9.2.4 When syis less than xe shear reinforce: shall be provided in accordance with 9.1.4 9.1.5 and 9. 9.2.5 When zy is greater than zo, the area of horizontal shear reinforcement, dy, to be rovided within a vertical spacing. Sy, is given y O87 fy dn de TS where Vig = (Va — te tw de), is the shear force to be resisted by the horizontal reinforcement. However, the amount of horizontal reinforce- ment provided shall not be less than the mini- mum, as per 9.1.4. 9.2.6 The vertical reinforcement, that is uniformly distributed in the wall, shall not be less than the horizontal reinforcement calcul- ated as per 9.2.5. 9.3 Flexaral Strength 9.3.1 The moment of resistance, May, of the wall section may be calculated as for ‘columns subjected to combined bending and axial load ag per IS 456 : 1978. ‘The moment of resistance of slender rectangular shear wall section with uniformly distributed vertical reinforcement is, given in Annex A. 9.3.2 The cracked flexural strength of the wall section should be greater than its uncracked flexural strength. 93.3 In walls that do not have boundary elements, vertical reieforcement shall be cone centrated at the ends of the wall. Each con- centration shall consist of a minimum of 4 bars of 12 mm diameter arranged in at least 2 layers. 9.4 Boundary Elements Boundary elements are portions along the wall ‘edges that are strengthened by longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Though they may have the same thickness as ‘that of the wall web it is advantageous to provide them with greater thickness. Vo 9.4.1 Where the extreme fibre compressive stress in the wall dus to factored gravity loads plus factored earthquake force exceeds Of boundaty elements shall be provided along the vertical boundaries of walls. The boundary 2 ements may be discontinued where the calcu- xd compressive stress becomes less than Qisfe The compressive stress shall be falculated using a linearly elastic model: and ffoss section properties. ‘942 A boundary element shall have adequate gaial load carrying capacity, assuming short folumn action, 30 as to enable it to carry an ixial compression equal to the sum of factored ggavity load on it and the additional compres- ive load induced by the seismic force. The ‘M, = factored design moment on the entire wall section, Mg = moment of resistance provided by distributed vertical _ reinforcement ‘across the wall section, and Cx = center to center distance between long the two 9.43 If the gravity load adds to the strength of the wall, its load factor shall be taken as 0°8. 944 The percentage of vertical reinforcement inthe boundary elements shall not be less. than 8 percent, nor greater than 6 percent. In order to avoid congestion, the practical upper limit would be 4 percent. 945 Boundary clements, where required, as 19.41, shall be provided throughout their eight with special confining reinforcement, as per 74, 94 Boundary clements need not _be provided, ifthe entire wall section is provided with special confining reinforcement, as per 7.4, 9.5 Coupled Shear Walls 954 Coupled shear walls shall be connected by ductile coupling beams. If the earthquake induced shear stress in the coupling beam exceeds Ole Vix ae Where sis the clear span of the coupling beam and D is its overall depth, the entire earthquake induced shear and flexure shall, preferably, be tesisted by diagonal reinforcement. 952 The area of reinforcement to be provided ‘long each diagonal in a diagonally reinforced ‘coupling beam shall be: Ve An = TE Sina 1 13920 : 1993 tored shear force, and sis where Yin the faetfe gigonal reinforcement the angle meee smtal, At least 4 bars of 8 mm with the Pell be provided along each diagone) diameter sheigent along each diagonal shal be The reintorrspecial confining reinforcement 28 enclosed Of Peicen of spiral oF spacing of ies Bef gat exceed 10D mm of hori 915.3 The, diagonal oF No! pct shall be anchor coupling Man enchorage length walle ment feng Hm tns1O8- 9.6 Openings in Walls J¢ shear strengt 9.64, The hecked 21008 © shoal fough openine®- inforcement es of cpenings i0, izontal bars of & ed in the adjacent ‘of 1-5 times the fh of a wall with openings ritical planes that hall be provided along als Haren othe sof cpeninks og. should be such as Land horizon tive interrupted bars. ical hars should extend for the full storey height. The horizontal bars should be sprovldet eight, The ont lentitin tension ‘beyond the tides of the opening 1 Discontinaons Walls on ing discontinuous walls shall be ppertng ning reinforcement, to equa! The ver ‘cal reinforcement ratio across a hori- ‘The ver gotruction joint shall sot be less than: i) Y= factored shear stress at the joint, factorfaial force (positive for s esiotind eis the gross cross area of the j splice and Anchorage wigontal reinforcement shall be anchor 93:4 Hore ttges of ihe wall or inthe confines core of the ‘boundary elements. j i : of vertical Sexural reinforcement 9.9.2 Spi crigiged, a8 far #8 possible, in reEione sho ay. take place, Thi zane of dered. 10 ex ri oee the, base. of te wall c ‘need not, be Not more than one third o! shall be spliced at forcement, shall be, spliced 04 ‘600 mm. 3813920: 1993 99.3 Lateral ties shall be provided around 9.9.4 Welded splices and mechanical connec- spliced bare that are larger than 16 mm_ tons shall confirm f0 25.25.2 of IS 456: 1978. iameter. The diameter of the tie shall not However, not more than half the reinforcement Hits than one fourth. that of the spliced bar shall be spliced at a section, where flexural Périess than 6 mm, The spacing of ties shall yielding may take piace. fot exceed 150 mm center to center, ANNEX A { Clause 9.3.1) MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF RECTANGULAR SHEAR WALL SECTION A The moment of resistance of a slender rectangular shear wall section with uniformly fstrbuted vertical reinforcement may be estimated as follows: (2) For alle < *5 hs qitsecne[ (143 ) (d- ons 2) - (BY (ose + §) J : b4X ) e (v 0-003 5. 7 ): TEP ose) +O + (562) = (eh p= vertical reinforcement ratio = Au/( tw lw )s ‘Au = area of uniformly distributed vertical reinforcement, § = 0°87 f/( 0-003 SE), E, = clastic modulus of steel, and 2B, = axial compression on wall. (8) For x5 lw < xa/ln < 10, (where BaLows $(1-1- 8 dp) Jute (bes) he value of %/l, to be used in this equation, should be calculated from the quadratic equation = a (BY) ta(%)- a9 % i = (f-2 Jantar (2%) an (F-a jade (a equations were derived, assuming a rectangular wall section of depth fw and thickness fw ‘subjected to combined uni-axial bending and axial compression. ‘The vertical reinforce- ‘is represented by an equivalent steel plate along the length of the section. The stress- h curve assumed for concrete is as per IS 456 : 1978 whereas that for steel 1s assumed to be sar. Two equations are given for calculating, the flexural strength of the section. Their ids on whether the section fails in flexural tension or in flexural compression. 4 ANNEX B ( Foreword } ‘COMMITTEE COMPOSITION ‘Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39 Comes orem penne rac in, ton BB sete: “Sun 0.P. AGGARWAL Indian "Roads Congress, New Dethi at atm ’ Rms Barat ary Bete Lt, New eh Dn €. Ruatisiwana Rao ( Alternate | Bink snon Caliraiey Soni $C. Brana ‘National Geophysical Research Institute ( CSIR ), Hyderabad ‘DaB.K- Rasroor ( Alternate ) Rik: Cuanpuioexnsan Department ef Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee pre Curveons (Alera a Nicurraer > tain Meterotopizal Department, New Deli SE Naa ( Alternate £ 2 ‘North Eastern Council, Shillong: oe ee

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