 ABACUS – developed by the Chinese

Chinese Wooden Abacus Golden Abacus Abacus From India

Old Metal Abacus

Large Wooden Abacus

 DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM – in India
 LOGARITHM –
John Napier, scottish mathematician
invented logarithms, which greatly
assisted in arithmetic calculations.

 NAPIER’s BONES –
In the early 1600s, a Scottish
mathematician called John Napier
invented a tool called Napier's
Bones, which were multiplication
tables inscribed on strips of wood
or bone.
 SLIDE RULE –
Edward Gunter invented the slide rule
 FIRST ACCOUNTING MACHINE –
The IBM accounting machine , keypunch and sorter were the main ingredients of a
punched-card data processing system up until the late 1960s.

The IBM 405 Alphabetical Accounting Machine

 ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR –
At the end of 1961 Bell Punch Company put the Anita Mk VII
on the market in continental Europe and the Anita Mk 8 in the
rest of the world as the world's first electronic desktop
calculators. These were the only commercial electronic desktop
calculators for more than 2 years.

 
 

Anita Mk 8. Plus 506

 LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR –
Blaise Pascal was the inventor of the first workable automatic
calculator . Leibniz‘ calculating machine was an improvement
over Pascal’s calculator.

The inner workings of Leibniz'

calculator.
 ANALYTICAL MACHINE –
The Analytical Engine, a mechanical device that would have
included most of the essential features of modern digital
computers:
*** a central processing unit,
*** software instructions,
*** memory storage and
*** printed output.
“THE FATHER OF MODERN COMPUTERS”

CHARLES BABBAGE (1792-1871)

AUGUSTA ADA LOVELACE -
THE FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

She saw the art as well as

the science in programming
MARK 1 -
Electromechanical automatic Computer

MARK1 developed in MARK II

1944 by Howard H. Aiken
……. then started the
ERA OF
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
 Summary
• Abacus
• Decimal Number System
• Logarithms
• Napier Bones
• Slide Rule
• First Accounting Machine
• Leibniz Calculator
• Analytical Machine
• Mark1
• Era of digital Computers
 Chapter 1
 History of Computers
• Important Terminologies
• Characteristics of a computer
• Era of digital computers
• Generations of Computer
• Classification of Computer
• Computer Applications