WTS example expression 

Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 

2009 
Lauterbach process technology 1 27/01/2009 
Contents 
Contents ................................................. ..................................................................................
.................. ................ 1 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat
exchangers .......................................... ............................ 2 
Processing of the pipe determine the piezometric level
data ............................................ .................................................. 4 
Properties of
water ............................................... .........................................................................................
........... .......... 6 
Properties of
water ............................................... .........................................................................................
........... .......... 7 
Heat transfer during flow through
pipes .............................................................................................. .................... 8 
Heat transfer in the exterior of tubular heat exchangers with
baffles ........................................... ....... 11 
Tube vibration
analysis .............................................. ......................................................................................
.... 14 
Tube-side pressure loss in tubular heat
exchangers ................................................................................................ .... 15 
Pressure loss in the exterior of tubular heat exchangers with and without
internals ......................................... ............. 17 
CAD program for shell and tube heat
exchanger ................................................................................................ ................... 19 
Real log.Temperaturdifferenz and temperature distribution for the cell
model ......................................... ....................... 20 
MS EXCEL specification
sheet ................................................................................................. .......................................
....... 21 
CAD created with
WTSC .............................................. ........................................................................................
............ ......... 22 
Piezometric created with
SPIE ................................................................................................ .........................................
......... 23 
Piezometric 3D with Alibre Design from
SPIE ............................................................................................. .............................. 24 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Engineering 2 1/27/2009 
Tube side: shell side: 
Medium: water medium: water 
M_i mass flow of 72000 kg / h mass flow M_A 90222 kg / h 
Flow V_i 73.53 m³ / h Airflow V_a 90.6 m³ / h 
Standard Vol.strom V_i m ³ / h standard Vol.strom V_a m ³ / h 
Pressure (abs) P_i 3 bar pressure (abs) P_A bar 4 
Eintrittstemp. The 80 ° C _i Eintrittstemp. The _a 20 ° C 
Outlet temp. Yes _i 55 ° C outlet temp. Yes _a 40 ° C 
Actual Actual 
Outlet temp. Ji _a 53.94 ° C outlet temp. Yes _a 40.85 ° C 
Midweek. Temp Jm _i 67.5 ° C mean. Jm _a Temp 30 ° C 
Density r _ i 979.2 kg / m³ density r _ a 995.9 kg / m³ 
Spec Wärmek. cp_i 4188 J / (kg * K) Wärmek Spec. cp_a 4178 J / (kg * K) 
Therm. l _i 0.6575 W / (mK) Therm. l _a 0.6152 W / (mK) 
Viscosity h _ i 0.4179 m Pa s Viscosity h _ a 0.7976 m Pa s 
Fouling f_i 0 m ² * K / W fouling F_A 0 m ² * K / W 
Heat flow q_i k -2094 W heat flow Q_A 2094 k W 
Heat loss Q_v_a 0 k W 
Geometry: 
Title of design: 
Mounting: Horizontal Segmentumlenkbleche 
Smooth tubes smooth tubes 
Mantelaußendurchm. Since m 406.4 m 8.8 m Sat sheath thickness m 
Mantelinnendurchm. Tues m 388.8 m 
Bundle-sheath distance 13.79 m min-m intervals. Bundle-sheath 12 m m 
Pipe outside diameter as 25 mm R ear inside diameter D 21 mm 
Tube pitch (horizontal) 32 mm sq R ear distribution (longitudinal) sl 27.71 mm 
Pitch angle 60 ° F G asse wide b 49 m m 
. Abst 190 mm Number of baffles Umlenkbl \ Gang 19 - 
Dist RB-1.Umlenkblech 290 m m diameter. Baffles 385.8 m m 
25.8 mm hole in the baffle size of the window 20% 
Sealing strip pairs 0 - 
Thermal conductivity of the pipe material l 15 W / (mK) 
Total Fouling resistance R 0 m ² * K / W 
Shell Side Tube Side 
Number of passes 2 - 1 - 
Number of series-connected heat exchanger 1 - 
- 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Process Engineering 3 1/27/2009 
Rating: 
executed necessary 
A Übertragerfläche 23:49 m 25.13 m ² ² Aa 
Bundle length l la 3,739 m 4 m 
Results: 
Number of tubes R 80 - 
Heat transfer coefficient (s) a_ i 9229 W / (m² K) 
Heat transfer coefficient (outside) a_ a 8656 W / (m² K) 
Heat transfer coefficient k 2565 W / (m² K) 
Log Mean. Temperature difference (LMTD) DJ K 37.44 
FN (correction factor for LMTD) FN 0.9279 - 
Tube side: shell side: 
Link Speed. in the tube 1474 m / s Link Speed in the sheath 1023 m / s 
Speed window, 2.048 m / s 
Pressure drop Dp i 0.1795 b ar a pressure loss Dp 0.5317 b ar 
Wall temperature of 55.09 ° C i Jw Jw a wall temperature 41.11 ° C 
Dia. Lop a 131.7 m m diam. Lop a 159.3 m m 
Dia. Tail of 131.7 m m diam. Tail of 159.3 m m 
Geschwind. Lop a 1,499 m / s speed. Lop a 1,263 m / s 
Geschwind. Tail of 1,499 m / s speed. Tail of 1,263 m / s 
r * V ² inlet nozzle 1588 k g / (m * s ²) 
Equations: 
Heat balance for the tube side: 
Q_i = m_i · cp_i * (Yes _i - The _i) + m_i · x_i v_i ° DH 
4188 = 20 × (55 - 80) + 20 × 1 × 0 
K = -2094 W 
Heat balance for the shell side: 
Q_A = M_A · cp_a * (Yes _a - The _a) + M_A · x_a ° DH v_a 
= 6.25 · 4178 (40-20) + 6.25 × 1 • 0 
K = 2094 W 
Heat balance: 
Q_i = - (Q_A - Q_v) -2093942 = - (2093942-0) 
Heat transfer coefficient k: 
1 1 ln da da (da / di) 1 da 
= + Fi · + + + fa, f = fi · + fa 
k a_ i di 2 / liter a_ A di 
1 0.025 0 025 l s (0.025 / 0.021) 
= + 0 ° + 
9229 0.021 2 × 15 
1 
+ + 0 
8656 
k = 2565 W / (m² K) 
Q = k * A * DJ · FN 
= · 2565 23:49 · · 37.44 -2094 0.9279 = k W 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Process Engineering 4 27/01/2009 
Title of design: 
Baffle type: Segmentumlenkbleche 
Effective pipe length l 3,739 m 
Global surface A 23:49 m ² 
Design = D; Rating / Simulation = R <R> 
Number of heat exchangers in series 1 - 
Executed tube length 4000 m la m 
Since the outside cladding diameter 406.4 m m 
Coat the inside diameter D m 388.8 m 
Beam diameter Db m 361.2 m 
Minimum distance between bundle sheath and 12 m m Dm 
Distance between bundle sheath and D m 13.79 m 
Tube outside diameter as 25 m m 
Tube inner diameter d 21 m m 
Distribution across the flow direction of 32 m sq m 
Distribution along the flow direction 27.71 mm sl 
Pitch angle 60 ° F 
Diameter of the baffle Dl 385.8 m m 
Height of the window into the baffles H 77.16 mm 
Height of the window in% of the diameter 20% 
Position: aligned offset = f / = v <V> 
Window height adjust> J / N < 
Arrangement: at the central tube = 0 <0> - 
1/2-Teilung to offset = 1 
Number of tube side passes 2 - 
Number of shell-side passageways 1 - 
Bundle-type <1> - 
Tube lane width (horizontal) 49 m m 
Tube lane width (vertical) 49 m m 
Outside diameter of the soil, since m m 
Reference diameter Dt m m 
Number of bolts on the pitch - 
Rotation angle of the pitch circle ° for drilling pattern 
Total number of tubes n 80 - 
Number of tubes in the windows nF 19 - 
Number of tubes in cross flow zone nS 61 - 
Number of border pipes required / available RR / 50 
Number of tube rows in the window NRF 1.5 - 
Number of tube rows in the cross-flow zone nW 7 - 
Number of tube rows in the end zone NWE 8.5 - 
Shortest connecting path in the middle of Le 129.4 mm 
Shortest connecting path between the tube and pipe e 7 mm 
Shortest connecting path between the tube and sheath e1 33.22 mm 
Number of connection lines nV 9 - 
Mean distance of the edge tubes bundle center rh 139.2 mm 
Tubes per pass: 
Passage no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
Number of tubes 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 
- 
Processing of the pipe determine the piezometric level data 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 5 27/01/2009 
Baffles: 
Number of baffles N 19 - 
Spacing of the baffles 190 m m S1 
Distance between the bottom - 290 m m baffle S2 
Baffle hole diameter in 25.8 m m 
Outlet: tube side shell side 
Inner diameter of the inlet pipe 131.7 mm 159.3 mm 
Inner diameter of the outlet pipe 131.7 mm 159.3 mm 
Design criteria: 
Maximum bundle length m m 
Maximum ratio of l to Db - 
Minimum ratio of l to Db - 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 6 27/01/2009 
Properties of Water and Steam 
Condition 1: Condition 2: 
Calculation for <N> <N> 
Saturation Y / N 
J1 J2 temperature 67.5 ° C 55.08 ° C 
Pressure p 1 3 b a r p 2 300 000 P a 
Properties of water and superheated steam: 
Condition 1 Condition 2 
Liquid Liquid 
Specific enthalpy h 282 771 J / kg h 230 830 J / kg 
Specific internal energy u 282 464 J / kg u 230 525 J / kg 
Specific entropy s 924.2 J / (kg * K) s 768.9 J / (kg * K) 
Real gas factor Z 0.001949 - 0.002009 Z - 
Spec ISOB. Heat capacity. c p 4186 J / (kg * K) C p 4180 J / (kg * K) 
Spec Isoch. Heat capacity. c v 3935 J / (kg * K) c v 3998 J / (kg * K) 
Specific volume v 0.001021 m³ / kg v 0.001014 m³ / kg 
K density r 979.3 g / m³ k r 985.8 g / m³ 
Dynamic viscosity h 0.4179 m sh 0503 m Pa Pa-s 
Kinematic viscosity n 4.267E-7 m / sn 5.103E-7 m / s 
Thermal conductivity l 0.6576 W / (mK) l 0646 W / (mK) 
Prandtl number Pr 2.66 - Press 3255 - 
Thermal diffusivity a 1.604E-7 m / sa 1.568E-7 m / s 
Surface tension s 64.92 N m / ms 67.08 m N / m 
Therm. Expansion coeff. b 0.000569 1 / K b 0.000492 1 / K 
Isentropic exponent k 7918 - k 7901 - 
Speed of sound w 1557 m / s w 1551 m / s 
Dielectric constant e 64.52 - 68.31 e - 
Critical state variables: 
T c = 647.096 K (= 373.946 ° C) 0.01 ° C £ J £ 2000 ° C 
P c = 220.64 bar; rc = 322 kg / m 3 £ p £ 0.00612 bar 500 bar 
Properties of water 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 7 27/01/2009 
Properties of Water and Steam 
Condition 1: Condition 2: 
Calculation for <N> <N> 
Saturation Y / N 
J1 J2 temperature 30 ° C 41.11 ° C 
Pressure p 1 4 b a r p 2 400 000 P a 
Properties of water and superheated steam: 
Condition 1 Condition 2 
Liquid Liquid 
Specific enthalpy h 126 106 J / kg h 172 511 J / kg 
Specific internal energy u 125 704 J / kg u 172 108 J / kg 
Specific entropy s 436.7 J / (kg * K) s 587 J / (kg * K) 
Real gas factor Z 0.002871 - 0.00278 Z - 
Spec ISOB. Heat capacity. c p 4179 J / (kg * K) C p 4178 J / (kg * K) 
Spec Isoch. Heat capacity. c v 4117 J / (kg * K) c v 4066 J / (kg * K) 
Specific volume v 0.001004 m³ / kg v 0.001008 m³ / kg 
K density r 995.8 g / m³ k r 991.9 g / m³ 
Dynamic viscosity h 0.7972 0.6394 mPa sh mPa.s 
Kinematic viscosity n 8.006E-7 m / sn 6.446E-7 m / s 
Thermal conductivity l 0.6152 W / (mK) l 0.6302 W / (mK) 
Prandtl number Pr 5416 - Press 4239 - 
Thermal diffusivity a 1.478E-7 m / sa 1.521E-7 m / s 
Surface tension s 71.19 N m / ms 69.42 m N / m 
Therm. Expansion coeff. b 0.000303 1 / K b 0.000393 1 / K 
Isentropic exponent k 5687 - k 5833 - 
Speed of sound w 1511 m / s w 1534 m / s 
Dielectric constant e 76.65 - 72.84 e - 
Critical state variables: 
T c = 647.096 K (= 373.946 ° C) 0.01 ° C £ J £ 2000 ° C 
P c = 220.64 bar; rc = 322 kg / m 3 £ p £ 0.00612 bar 500 bar 
Properties of water 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 8 27/01/2009 
Constant wall temperature 
Circular pipes 
Inlet temperature J_ e ° C 
Outlet temperature J_ a ° C 
Mean Temperature J_ m ° C 
Dynamic viscosity of the fluid h 0.4179 mPa s 
Density of the fluid k r 979.2 g / m³ 
Thermal conductivity of the fluid l 0.6575 W / (mK) 
Specific heat capacity of fluid cp 4188 J / (kg * K) 
Prandtl number Pr 2661 - 
Prandtl number at wall temperature PrW 3255 - 
Fluid: liquid <0> or gaseous form <1> <0> 
Circular tubes = 0 <0> 
Non-circular pipes = 1 
Tube length L 4000 m m 
Inner diameter of the tube tue 21 m m 
Cross-sectional area of the tube f 0.000346 m² 
Circumference of the pipe u m 65.97 m 
⇒ hydraulic diameter dh = 21 m m 
Total mass flow k g Mg / s 
Total volume flow Vg m ³ / h 
Number of parallel tubes through which flows Z - 
⇒ mass flow per tube M k = 0.5 g / s 
⇒ flow velocity w = 1474 m / s 
⇒ Reynolds number Re = 72 550 - 
Result: Q = Mg · cp * (a J_ - J_ e) = k W 
Results: Constant wall temperature 
Nu / liter 294.7 · 0.6575 
⇒ a = = = 9229 W / (m² K) 
ie 0021 
w degrees ° r 1474 0021 · · 979.2 
Re = = = 72 550 
h / 1000 0.4179 / 1000 
Nu_m_ J = (L amina r-developed flow Re <2300) [6] 
Nu_m_ J = (L amina re starting flow Re <2300) [12] 
Nu_m_T = 301.3 (T urbulente flow Re> 10000) [26] 
Nu_m = (t berga ngsbereich £ 2,300 £ 10,000 Re) [29] 
Correction factor K: 
00:11 
Liquids: K = (Pr / PrW) = 0.9781 
n 
Gas: K = (T / TW) = f ü r n = 0 
Nu_m Nu = (_ J, T) * K = 294.7 [40.41] 
Heat transfer: Q = a * A * DJ l og 
= 9 229 ° · 
⇒ wall temperature J_ w = 55.09 ° C 
- 
Heat transfer during flow through pipes 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik 9 27/01/2009 
Calculations: 
Laminar flow: Re <2300 
Laminar developed flow: 
HW = re · embossing dh / l = 1014 
1 / 3 
Nu_m_ J_ 2 = 1615 · HW = [5] 
3 3 3 1 / 3 
Nu_m_ J = 3.66 + 0.7 + Nu_m_ J_ 2 - 0.7 = 
[6] 
3 3 3 1 / 3 
= 3.66 + 0.7 + - 0. 7 = 
Laminar flow contact: 
1 / 6 
2 
Nu_m_ J_ · HW = 3 = 
1 + 22 Pr 
1 / 6 
2 
= × 1014 = [1 1] 
1 + 22 ° 2661 
3 3 3 3 1 / 3 
Nu_m_ J = 3.66 + 0.7 + Nu_m_ J_ 2 - 0.7 + 3 = J_ Nu_m_ 
[12] 
3 3 3 3 1 / 3 
= 3.66 + 0.7 + - 0. 7 + = 
Turbulent flow: Re> 10000 
-2 -2 
x = [1.8 × log Re-1.5] = [1.8 × log 72550-1 .5] = 0.01903 [27] 
2 / 3 
x / 8 x re · ie Pr 
Nu_m_T × 1 = + = 
2 / 3 l 
1 + 12.7 ° x / 8 * (Pr -1) [26] 
2 / 3 
0.01903 / 8 x 72 550 2661 0021 · 
× 1 = + = 
2 / 3 4 
1 + 12.7 ° 0.01903 / 8 * (2661 -1) 
Nu_m_T = 301.3 
- 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 10 01/27/2009 
Transition range: £ 2,300 £ 10,000 Re 
1 / 3 
Nu_m_ 2_2300 J_ = 1615 * (2300 ° embossing dh / l) = 5135 [32] 
1 / 6 
2 
Nu_m_ 3_2300 J_ = · 2300 ° embossing dh / l = 3.22 [3 3] 
1 + 22 Pr 
3 3 1 / 3 
Nu_m_L_2300 = 49 371 + J_ Nu_m_ 2_2300 - 3_2300 J_ = 0.7 + Nu_m_ 
Nu_m_L_2300 = 5539 [31] 
2 / 3 
(0.0308 / 8) · 10000 · ie Pr 
Nu_m_T_10000 × 1 = + = 
2 / 3 l 
1 + 12.7 ° 0.0308 / 8 × (Pr -1) 
[37] 
Nu_m_T_10000 = 61.15 
Re - 2300 72550 - 2 300 
g = = = [30] 
10000 - 2300 10000 - 2300 
Nu_m = (1 - g) · Nu_m_L_2300 Nu_m_T_10000 + g / = [29] 
· 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 11 01/27/2009 
Pipe arrangement: Puts 
Inner diameter of the casing D i m 388.8 m 
Diameter of the deflection plate D 1 m 385.8 m 
Diameter of the tube bundle D B m 361.2 m 
Height of the section from the baffle H 77.16 mm 
Spacing of the baffles 190 m S m 
Number of tubes including pre-n 80 - 
existing reactive and insulating pipes 
Number of tubes in the upper and lower n F 19 - 
Metal cutting (windows) 
Outer diameter of the tubes d a 25 m m 
Diameter of the holes for the tubes d B 25.8 mm 
in the baffle 
Tube pattern across the flow direction s 1 32 mm 
Tube spacing in the direction of flow s 2 m 27.71 m 
Number of sealing strip pairs n S 0 - 
Main resistance in the cross-flow zone n W 7 - 
Number of connection lines n V 9 - 
Number of mantels. Times (for 1 or 2) ND 1 - 
Lane width (for ND = 2) b 49 m m 
· 
Volume V 90.6 m³ / h 
JE inlet temperature 20 ° C 
YES outlet temperature 40 ° C 
Average wall temperature of 41.11 ° C JW 
Fluid: liquid <0> gas <1> <0> 
Prandtl number Pr 5416 - 
Prandtl number at wall temperature, Pr W 4243 - 
Kinematic viscosity of the fluid n 8.009E-7 m / s 
Thermal conductivity of the fluid l 0.6152 W / (mK) 
Results: 
W = G ⋅ f f f f B length = 1093 · 0.8554 0.8068 = 0.7545 · 
Nu 0, AW = f heat Nu 0, Bundle = 0.7545 · 712.1 = 537.2 
Nu 0, Re / liter 537.2 · 0.6152 
a = * K = · 1063 = 8947 
p / 2 * d a p / 2 × 0025 
- 
Heat transfer in the exterior of tubular heat exchangers with 
Baffles 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 12 01/27/2009 
Calculation of Nu 0, bundle: 
a = s 1 / da = 1.28 b = s2/da Re = 1,109 y, 1 = 43 225 
y = 1 - p / 4 (for b ≥ 1) y = 1 - p / 4ab (for b <1) y = 0.3864 
3 
Nu 1, lam = 0664 · Re y, 1 × Pr 
3 
242.4 = 0 .664 43 225 · · 5416 
0037 · Re y, 1 
0.8 · Pr 
Nu 1, turb = 
1 + 2443 · Re y, 1 
-0.1 * (Pr (2 / 3) - 1) 
43 225 0037 · 0th 8 × 5416 
372.4 = 
1 + 43 225 2443 · -0.1 * (5416 (2 / 3) - 1) 
2 2 
Nu Nu 0.3 + 1.0 = 1, nu 1 + lam turb, 
444.7 = 0 .3 + 242.4 2 + 372.4 2 
Nu 0, Nu bundle = f A * 1.0 = 1601 = 712.1 444.7 · 
2 
f A = 1 + = 1601 
3 × b 
Calculation of f G: 
R G = F n / (n / ND) = 19 / (80 / 1) = 0 .2375 
f G = 1 - R + G * R 0524 G 
12:32 
1093 = 1 - 0.2375 + 0.2375 0524 · 0th 32 
- 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 13 01/27/2009 
Calculation of f L: 
e = 0.007 e 1 = 0.03322 L E (e, e 1) = 0.1294 
n = 80 n F = 19 d B = 0.0258 d a = 0.025 
n n F p (d B 
2 - d a 
2) 
A SRU = - · = 0.00225 
ND 2 4 
g = 2 arccos (1 - 2 H / D 1) = 2 arccos (1 - 2 * 0.07716 / 0.3858) = 106.3 
p (360 - g) 
SMU = A * (D i 
2 - D 1 
2) · 
4 360 ° ND 
0.001286 = p / 4 × (0.3888 2 - 0.3858 2) * (360 - 106.3) / (360 × 1) 
A SG + A = A SRU SMU = 0.00225 + 0.001286 = 0.003537 
A E = S × L E = 0.19 · 0.1294 = 0.02459 
R L = SG A / A E = 0.003537 / 0.02459 = 0.1438 
A SRU SRU A 
f L = 0.4 + 1 - 0.4 exp (-1.5 * R L) 
A SG A SG 
0.00225 0.00225 
0.8554 = 0.4 + 1 - 0.4 exp (-1.5 ° 0.1438) 
0.003537 0.003537 
Calculation of f B: 
AB = S * (D i - DB - e) = 0.003911 e <(i D - DB) AB = 0 otherwise 
R B = A B / A E = 0.003911 / 0.02459 = 0159 
3 
f B = exp - ß · RB 1-2 × n S / n for n W n S £ W / 2 
3 
0.8068 = exp - ß · 0159 1 - 2 ° 0 / 7 
f B = 1 for n S> n W / 2 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Engineering 14 01/27/2009 
General approach 
Outer diameter of the tubes as 25 m m 
Pipe wall thickness s 2 m m 
Inner diameter of the tubes tue 21 m m 
Tube pattern across the flow direction of 32 m sq m 
Tube spacing along the flow direction 27.71 mm sl 
Transverse pitch ratio sq / da 1.28 - 
Longitudinal pitch ratio sl / since 1109 - 
Cross-sectional area of the tubes A 144.4 m m ² 
Moment of inertia of the tubes 9611 J m m ^ 4 
Young's modulus of the tube material E 200000 N / mm ² 
Effective density of the tube material r 7850 kg / m³ 
Storage of pipes: 1 
Selected storage of the pipes: fixed - articulated 
Correction factor for the storage of the tubes C 3.93 - 
Correction factor for additional forces Cf 1 - 
Arrangement of the pipes (1-3) 1 
Selected arrangement: Staggered smooth pipes 
® Strouhal number of the bundle Sr 0.2219 - 
Running span of the tubes L 290 mm 480 mm 
Velocity in the narrowest cross-section we 1,263 m / s 1023 m / s 
Natural frequency of the tubes fR 1203 1 / s 439.3 1 / s 
Safety factor S 1.5 - 
Allowable excitation frequency fz = fR / S fz 802.3 1 / s 292.9 1 / s 
Excitation frequency of the flow ferr 11:21 1 / 9081 s 1 / s 
Vibration risk if ferr> fz 
Equations 
di = da - 2 * s = 25 - 2 * 2 = 21 m m 
A = p / 4 * (because 2 - di 2) = p / 4 × (25 2 - 21 2) = 144.4 mm ² 
J = p / 64 * (as 4 - di 4) = p / 64 ° (25 4-21 4) = 9611 mm ^ 4 
10 6 C 2 E * J 
fR = · · Û ° CF 
2 * r * A p L 
10 6 3.93 2 200000 9611 · 
1203 = · · 1 
2 x 290 p 7850 · 144.4 
fz = fR / S u = 1203 802.3 / 1.5 
SSt · We · 0.2219 1263 
ferr = Û = 11:21 
da/1000 25 / 1 0 0 0 
Tube vibration analysis 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 15 01/27/2009 
Material Properties fluid wall 
Inlet temperature of 80 ° C 
YES outlet temperature 55 ° C 
Average temperature 67.5 ° C 55.09 J ° C 
Pressure on entry P E 300 000 Pa 
r the fluid density 979.2 kg / m³ 980.2 kg / m³ 
Specific heat capacity 4188 J / (kg * K) 
Thermal conductivity of the fluid l 0.6575 W / (mK) 
Dynamic viscosity of the fluid h 0.4179 m Pa s 0503 m Pa-s 
Fluid: liquid = 0, gas = 1 0 
G acceleration due to gravity 9.81 m / s ² 
Type (straight pipe = 1, U-tube = 2) 1 
Inside diameter inlet pipe DTNI 131.7 m m 
Inner diameter outlet DTNO 131.7 m m 
Number of tube side passes NTP 2 - 
Number of tubes per pass, N 40 - 
Length of the tubes per pass, L 4000 m m 
Inner diameter of the tubes DI 21 m m 
Outer diameter of the tubes DO 25 m m 
Pipe wall thickness t = 2 m m 
Mass flow W 20 k g / s 
Average velocity in the inlet nozzle Vn E = 1.499 m / s 
Average velocity in the outlet pipe Vn A = 1.499 m / s 
Average velocity in the pipe Vt = 1474 m / s 
Reynolds number Re = 72 537 - 
Prandtl number Pr = 2661 - 
Grashof number Gr = 498 913 - 
Pressure loss coefficient Ke = 3.2 - 
Friction coefficient of x i s = 0.0059 - 
Correction factor for the viscosity of F = 1029 - 
Correction factor for the convection y = 1 - 
Coefficient of friction (xis × F × y) x = 0.00607 - 
Pressure loss in the inlet pipe DP n E = 989.8 Pa 
Pressure loss in the outlet pipe DP n A = 989.8 Pa 
Pressure loss for inlet, outlet and diversion DP e P a = 3404 
Pressure drop due to friction DP t = 9839 Pa 
Pollution factor Ft = 1277 - 
Total pressure drop (DP s DP + e + t ft * DP) DP = 17 946 Pa 
- 
Tube-side pressure loss in tubular heat exchangers 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process engineering 16 01/27/2009 
Equations 
t = 1 / 2 * (DO - DI) 0002 Û = 1 / 2 * (0025-0021) 
1273 × W 1273 × 20 
Vn E = 1499 = Û 
DTNI 2 * r 2 * 0.1317 979.2 
1273 × W 1273 × 20 
V n A = 1499 = Û 
DTNO 2 * r 2 * 0.1317 979.2 
1273 × W 1273 × 20 
Vt = 1474 = Û 
DI 2 × N × r 2 × 0021 40 × 979.2 
Pre-drying DI * R 1474 0021 · · 979.2 
Re = 72 537 = Û 
h / 1000 0.000418 
Pr = h / 1000 ° CP / Û l = 0.000418 · 2661 4188 / 0.6575 
DI 3 g / r - r W 
Gr = · 
(H / 1000 / r) ² r 
· 9.81 0021 3 979.2 - 980.2 
498 913 = · 
(0.000418 / 979.2) 979.2 ² 
Pressure loss coefficient for: 
Straight pipes: a through-Ke = 0.9 NTP = 2 
multiple passes Ke = 1.6 · NTP 
U-tubes: two passes Ke = 0.9 
four or more passes Ke = 0.8 · NTP Ke = 3.2 
x = x i s i s (Re) = 0.0059 x = i s (72 537) 
F = F (Re, h / h W) = 1029 = F (72 537, 0.8307) 
y = y (Re, Pr magnitude h / h W) = 1 = y (72 537, 1102978) 
DP n E r = Vn E * E ² / 2224 = 989.8 = 979.2 · ² 1499 / 2224 
DP n A = r A * A Vn ² / 2224 = 989.8 = 979.2 · ² 1499 / 2224 
DP e = Ke • R • Vt ² / 2.0 = 3404 = 3.2 · 979.2 · 1474 ² / 2.0 
X-Vt ² · NTP * L 
DP t = 2 * x * 
DI 
979.2 · 1474 ² × 2 × 4 
9839 = 2 × 0.00607 · 
0.021 
DO - 2 * t 5 
Ft = 
DO - 2.2 * t - 0.00182 ° sat 0.3 
0.025 - 2 · 0002 5 
1277 = 
0025-2 .2 · 0002-0 .00182 · 0025 0.3 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 17 01/27/2009 
Shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles 
Geometrical parameters: 
Inner diameter of the shell D_i 388.8 m m 
Diameter of the tube bundle d_b 361.2 m m 
Outer diameter of the tubes d_a m 25 m 
Tube pattern across the flow direction s_q 32 mm 
Tube spacing in the direction of flow along s_l 27.71 mm 
Pitch angle 60 ° 
Diameter of the baffle d_l 385.8 m m 
Number of baffles n_U 19 - 
Diameter of the holes in the baffle d_b 25.8 mm 
Height of the cut in the baffle H m 77.16 m 
Spacing of the baffles 190 m S m 
Distance tube plate - 1 Baffle S_E m 290 m 
Number of tubes in the bundle, including n 80 - 
existing reactive and insulating pipes 
Number of tubes in the upper and lower window n_F 19 - 
Number of tube rows in the window zone n_RF 1.5 - 
Number of connection lines n_V 9 - 
Number of main resistances in the cross-flow zone n_W 7 - 
Number of main opposition in the end zone n_WE 8.5 - 
Distance of the outer tubes for the mantle e_1 33.22 mm 
Number of sealing strip pairs n_s 0 - 
Number of shell-side passageways ND 1 - 
Lane width (for ND = 2) b 49 m m 
Inner diameter of the inlet nozzle d_Se 159.3 mm 
Inner diameter of the outlet connection d_Sa 159.3 mm 
Media: 
Volume V 90.6 m³ / h 
Fluid: liquid or gaseous form = 0 = 1 0 
Inlet pressure 400 000 Pa P_E 
Inlet temperature 20 ° C E J_ 
A J_ outlet temperature 40 ° C 
Average temperature 30 ° C J 
K density r 995.9 g / m³ 
Dynamic viscosity h 0.7976 mPa s 
Specific heat capacity 4178 J / (kg * K) 
Thermal conductivity l 0.6152 W / (mK) 
Prandtl number Pr 5416 - 
Average wall temperature J_ W 41.11 ° C 
Dynamic viscosity at average wall temperature h _ W 0.6399 m Pa s 
Frictional pressure loss in the exterior of the heat exchanger 
Dp = (n_U-1) * Nd · DP _Q = (19 - 1) · 1 × 463 P a cross-flow zone 
+ 2 × 2 × Dp _Q_E = 478.1 Pa Endzone 
* Nd + n_U · DP _F = 19 ° 1 × 2226 P a window zone 
Dp + _S = 1588 P a connection 
Dp = 53 170 Pa 
Pressure loss in the exterior of tubular heat exchangers with and without 
Internals 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Engineering 18 01/27/2009 
Results - 
a = 1.28 - b = 1,109 - c = 1.28 - 
e = 7 m m 
Cross-flow zone 
L_E = 129.4 mm = 0.02459 m A_E w_e = 1023 m / s 
f_a_l_f = 223.4 - f_a_t_f = 0.6963 - f_a_l_v = 223.4 - 
f_a_t_v = 5485 - f_z_l = 0.9901 - 0.9696 = f_z_t - 
Xi_l = 0.006994 - xi_t = 0.4103 - 0.4047 = Xi - 
A_SRU = 0.00225 m² A_SMU = 0.001286 m = 0.003537 m A_SG 
R_M = 0.3637 - 0.1438 R_L = - r = 0.5954 - 
g = 106.3 ° right = 31 937 - ß = 3.7 - 
R_S = 0 - R_B = 0159 - A_B = 0.003911 m 
f_l = 0.5646 - 0.5552 = F_B - Dp _Q_0 = 1477 Pa 
_Q Dp = 463 Pa 
Endzone 
Re_E = 20 924 - A_E_E = 0.03754 - 0.6704 = w_e_E - 
Dp _QE_0 = 861.1 - 478.1 Dp _QE = P a 
Windows zone 
A_FG = 0.01695 m = 0.004663 m A_FR A_F = 0.01229 m 
w_p = 2.048 m / s w_z = 1,448 m / s n_WF = 2227 - 
d_g = 44.41 m m m m U_F = 1107 
Dp = _F_l 2100 - Dp _F_t = 3481 - 
Dp _F = 2226 Pa 
Jacket pipe 
w_S_E = 1,263 m / s Dp _S_E = 793.9 Pa 
w_S_A = 1,263 m / s Dp _S_A = 793.9 Pa 
_S Dp = 1588 Pa 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 19 01/27/2009 
In the tube to the tubes 
TEMA Type AEU 
Medium Water Water 
Inlet pressure p_i 300 000 400 000 P_A Pa Pa 
Compression 1600000 1600000 Pa Pa 
The inlet temperature, 80 ° C. The i, a 20 ° C 
Outlet temperature Yes, i 55 ° C Yes, a 40 ° C 
Mean Temperature Jm, i 67.5 ° C Jm, a 30 ° C 
Design temperature 100 ° C 50 ° C 
Design pressure 400 000 500 000 Pa Pa 
Inlet pipe: 
Flanschanschlußnennweite 125 150 
Outer diameter 139.7 m 168.3 m m m 
Nozzle wall thickness of 4 m m m 4.5 m 
Internal diameter 131.7 m 159.3 m m m 
Outlet pipe: 
Flanschanschlußnennweite 125 150 
Outer diameter 139.7 m 168.3 m m m 
Nozzle wall thickness of 4 m m m 4.5 m 
Internal diameter 131.7 m 159.3 m m m 
Geometry: 
Sheath outer diameter 406.4 mm, since sheath thickness 8.8 mm Sat 
Shell inner diameter D m 388.8 m 
Bundle-sheath distance 13.79 m m 
Pipe outside diameter as 25 mm inner tube diameter d 21 mm 
Tube pitch (horizontal) 32 mm sq tube spacing (longitudinal) sl 27.71 mm 
Pitch angle 60 ° F 49 m m lane width b 
Spacing of the baffles 190 mm Number of baffles \ Gang 19 - 
RB-distance 1.Umlenkblech 290 mm diameter baffles 385.8 mm 
25.8 mm hole in the baffle size of the window 20% 
Sealing strip pairs 0 - 
Number of tube side passes Z 2 - 
Number of shell-side passageways Z 1 - 
Bunch length (run) l a 4000 m m 
Mantle length (run) m l a 4002 m 
Number of tubes R 80 
Kompensatordurchmesser m m 
Thickness (HDD) 30 m m 
Thicknesses (free plate) 30 m m 
CAD program for shell and tube heat exchanger 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 20 01/27/2009 
Real log.Temperaturdifferenz and temperature distribution for the cell model 
Indoor temperature at 80 ° C ti1 
Outside temperature at 20 ° C ta1 
Mass flow on the inside Wed 72 000 k g / h 
Mass flow on the outside ma k 90 222 g / h 
Specific heat capacity on the inside cpi 4188 J / (kg * K) 
Specific heat capacity on the outside cpa 4178 J / (kg * K) 
Heat capacity flow on the inside Wwi 83 758 W / K 
Heat capacity flow on the outside WWA 104 697 W / K 
Mirror-plus shell type (Figure F3) 1 
Number of tube side passes Nt 2 - 
Number of shell-side passageways NS 1 - 
Number of baffles NZ 19 - 
Existing heat transfer coefficient k 2565 W / (m² K) 
Available heat transfer area A 25.13 m ² 
Number of tube rows per cell 4 - 
Circuit: cross counter = 1; Cross DC = 2 101 - 
Pipe flow: the opposite direction = 1; same direction = 2 1 - 
Cross-mixing: 0 = none, 0.5 = total 0 - 
Number of cells 40 - 
Heat transfer product k * A 64 473 W / K 
Heat transfer product k * A cell per 1612 W / K 
Indoor temperature at 53.94 ° C ti2 
Outside temperature at 40.85 ° C ta2 
Efficiency of the inside of 0.4343 - 
Efficiency of the outside of 0.3475 - 
Cell efficiency inside 0.01892 - 
Cell efficiency outside 0.01513 - 
Log temperature difference in the counter-current dtGeg = 36.48 K 
Real-acting temperature difference dtm = 33.85 K 
Correction factor FN = 0.9279 - 
Maximum temperature on the inside timax 80 ° C 
Maximum temperature on the outside TAMAX 40.85 ° C 
Minimum temperature on the inside timin 53.94 ° C 
Minimum temperature on the outside of vitamin 20 ° C 
Max temperature inversion in a cell TINV 0 ° C 
Real log.Temperaturdifferenz and temperature distribution for the cell model 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process technology 21 01/27/2009 
MS EXCEL Specification Sheet 
Project Date 27/01/2009 
Fluid data 
Fluid Name 
Fluid volume, total kg / h 
Steam (on / off) kg / h 
Fluid (on / off) kg / h 
Steam 
Water 
Inert 
Temperature (on / off) ° C 20 40 80 55 
Density kg / m 995.9 979.2 
Viscosity mPa.s 0.7976 0.4179 
Molecular weight, vapor kg / kmol 
Molecular weight, inert kg / kmol 
Specific heat capacity J / (kg * K) 4177.6 4187.9 
Thermal conductivity W / (mK) 0.6152 0.6575 
Latent heat J / kg 
Inlet pressure (absolute) bar 4 3 
Speed m / s 
Pressure drop, max / Prev. bar 0.53 0.18 
Fouling resistance m² * K / W 
Power kW 2093.9 
Heat transfer coefficient W / (m² K) 2565.3 
Log Temp Diff. (Corrected) m (diff) 34.74 
Heat transfer surface 25.1 m² 
Shell Side Tube Side 
Auslegungs-/Testdruck Pa 
Operating temperature ° C 
Number of passes 1 2 
Mm corrosion allowance 
A Port 
Size & out 
Intermediate version 
M length of pipe 4-pipe material 
Pipe outside diameter mm 25 Number tubes 80 
Transverse tube pitch 32 mm tube pitch length 27.7 
Shell inside diameter mm 388.8 406.4 
Admission Hood / Hood Canal 
Hard shell and tube floating head 
Floating hood flapper Y / N 
Baffle diameter 385.8 mm 20 
Baffle spacing mm 190 19 
Weather strip 
Expansion compensation type 
rv rv ² ² bundle entrance beam exit 
Seal coat side seal tube side 
- Floating Head 
Calculation Standards TEMA Class 
Weight / kg shell filled with water 
Weight / kg bundle 
Comments 
Number of baffles / continuity 
% Window 
Sheath outside diameter 
1,02 1,47 
Image (bundle / CONSTRUCTION DATA connection of an exchange arrangement) 
0 0 
PERFORMANCE 
72000 
Tube space 
Water 
Shell side 
Water 
90222 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Engineering 22 01/27/2009 
CAD created with WTSC 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach process engineering 23 01/27/2009 
Piezometric created with SPIE 
WTS example expression 
Thermal and hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers 
2009 
Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik 24 01/27/2009 
Piezometric 3D with Alibre Design from SPIE 
Prerequisite: 
· LV resistance package 
· Alibre Design 3D CAD