wb<l_g< jm8aW< uw<Bv;, vL5c{

m8y-4k=T- S=l[m-

wb<l_g< jm8aW-n< w=tK; k=R-c{ p`<U-wn8`< \\sq<

m=hMd< i6y8S<. a|Dh; w\4R jm8aW-n< r+pv=; B8vv=; \\sl-y=;
n6k-. h-j<R ÉËÈË6 \\sq< uW5>p|ds-\l ‘k8n<Yl’y-6 jn-c{=. hnf_
md<hb=k8rn=; c-s<W-w9r_qW=k8rn=m8y- a|Dh; aR-y\PT=.
\\sq-\4R mr`|sx; mk4 mnS+R8`< am_R8k=Nw<. an%r;
i4Am=6 hSn=;. a|DhW-n< n8l< S+f_w9r_qW=kL=m8y-
bn<Ym=#<. c-s<W-y{, q8d-r-y{, S=h<Rv5d-y{, nq<sb%-y{ eN-
vy8`v. S+f-SW-\4R |f8|T8S<Z8Z8`< wb<l_g< jm8a\WN< mnS-
l8K84 >py8Sm-l[. avr=\t S8h-w]!7 aw-\4R \wL-v=k7 n-
R@w8`<. wb<l_g< jm8aW-\4R n-g+Vw w=tK; m=w6 k8`8;. wn-c{
S+f_ Sr`-y-l+\ty8`< \\sq< m=hMd< i6y8S< w\4R jm8aW-n<
r+p; n6k=Nw<. a|Dh; md_ny-6 w8mS-K=; k8l; wb<l_g< jm8aW<
u#8K=v84 i6h8m=#8y-. A S;Bv; ab=6 hS4 al- nd<v- w\4R
p=S<wkW-6 v-vr-K=Q:

‚p=`]md_ny-\l iI w8mSW-n-ty-6, i6h8; m=q8%r; iI

>pv5WnW-\4R k6pn wn-K=#8y- eN< mIl8n pRy=m8y-r=Q. n8;
n-\N\K8#< iI >pv5Wn; ntW-K=; eN i6h8m=#8y-. or= kz-v=m-
l[8W wn-K< e%< \cy{84 S8Y-K=; eN pr->BmW-6 d-vS!7 kz-
@=|p8y-. Ar-f=kL-6\pT or= mh8|n8t< iI v-vr; Yr-P-c{=. A
p=`]p=r=x4 pR@=, pr->BmW-\4R e%< k8r]m8`-w-l=0w<? n_
>pv5W-K=; eNl[|l[8 pRy\PTw<. n8; n-\N\K8#< >pv5W-P-K=;
eN|l[? Ayw-n86 >pv5W-P-K=Nv4 >pv5W-c{=\k80=;. pr->Bm-
|K#w-l[. A mh8\4R v8K< |kT|P87 mIl8nK< Sm8Y8nm8y-. aw-n=
|sx; mIl8n8 md_n8 m=nv{Ry-6 n-N< mt!-. iI y8>wy-6 mKy-l=;
md_ny-l=m8y- a^< m8SK8l; w8mS-c{=. h-j<R ÉËÌÍ Rb_u6 Aq-5 ÉË8; w-
y{w- mIl8n k8n<Uly-6 mt!-\yW-. hj<j< y8>w kz-@< mt!-\yW-
yw-n= |sx; mIl8n8 ‘gs<w<’ Ar;B-c{=‛ (mIl8n8 m=hMd< i6y8S<,

1|Page
j_v-wv=; dIw]v=; |p. ÐÍ) wb<l_g=k85 avr=\t da<vW-n< S;Gm8y-
p=R\Pt=Nw-n8`< ‘gs<w<’ eQ pRy=Nw<.

mh8n=; S+f-y=;, ks<Rf=; S9p<nv=; i6h8m=; kFkL=;

q=R8f8W=kL=; b-d<aW=kL=; |c5N86 wb<l_g< jm8aW8y-.
m8\Z8r= n-g+Vw nd<v-y=\t p=S<wkW-6 n-N< w\N u&r-K\T:
‚mIl8n av5kL=\t mk4 mIl8n8 m=hMd< y+S=f< v-vr-K=Q,
‘b8b=6 u;R’y=\t |n\ry=0 \kT-tW-6 2!7 w8mS-K=|/87, or= d-
vS; mIl8n8 m=hMd< i6y8S<(R) av5k7 c-l k8r]!7 2!|L8t<
pRy=ky=; 2!7 aw< >s&|y8\t |kT=\k8#-r-K=ky=; \cy{=m8y-r=Q.
\p\TN< or87 or= (S+f-vr]4) v8wl-n< Sm_p; vN< n-N< 2!|L8t<
pR@=: ‘n-!7 \cy{=N |j8l- \cy<w=\k8#-r-K=k. aw-\4R >pw-fl;
vL\r vl=w8`<. aw< \vL-\Pt=W\PT86, n-!7K< aw< w8!84 kz-
y=ky-l[. v-v8hW-\4R S|%8xW-l=; mr`W-\4R d=:qW-l=; upr-
y8y-r-K=mw<. i>wy=; pR@w-n=|sx; A S+f-vr]4 av-\t n-N<
ntQ n_!-. A mh84 Ar8\`N< 2!7\K8Q; mnS-l8y-l[.
mIl8n8(R) av5k7 S;S8r; w=t5Q\k8|#y-r=Q. A B8g|WK< >s&-
c{|wy-l[.‛ (a.p=.|p. ÑÑ)

wb<l_g< r+p_kr`W-\4R m\Z8r= avl;b; S9p<nm8`<. m=hMd<

i6y8S< w\N pRy=Q: ‚iNm8 wl\\KW= w9r_qWWb<l_g- b-
w9r_q-6 ks<f- f-6mn8m-, iI wb<l-g-\4R vz-y=; en-K< uRKW-6
\vL-v8yw8`<.‛ (m=hMd< i6y8S-\4R m6f+L8W< |p. ÌÌ. u&r`;:
jm8aW=Wb<l_g< |p. ÊÏ)

k-n8v< k8`84 uRK; k-T`;. aw-n< >p|w]kwr; mr=N< wly-6

p=rT84 \\sq< S;v-Y8n; S9_kr-c{-r=Qv\>w. aw-l+\t j<28n; >pvh-
K=;. or= >pS<F8nW-n< r+p; \k8t=W cr->w ps<c8Wlm8`< |m6 v-
vr-c{w<. ib8dW=\k8#=; ij<w-h8d=\k8#=; S8Y-K8W k8r]!7
m=hMd< i6y8S< S9p<nW-l+\t |nt-\yt=W=. S8X86 k8%p=r;
|p8l=; S9p<n; \wL-v8y-K8`=N-l[.

m=S<l]85 pRy=Q, ‚a/-y8K\L8z-c{=0vr=\t S9p<n!7

iS<l8m-6 |rqyl[. S9p<nd5sn; |rqy8y- pr-g`-K=Nw8`<.
S9h8b-y=\t S9p<nv=; |rqy8y- pr-g`-K\Pt-l[.‛ (s8f-

2|Page
iImd<hb<, avw8r-k) S9p<n; oz-v8K-y86 wb<l_g< jm8aW< w\N
u#8v-l[.

pr-s=& q=5An-\l m+N8; a&]8y; n+Z-pW8m\W AyW-n<

S9p<n; m=|qn m=hMd< i6y8S-n< v]8q]8n; lB-c{=|p86. ‚n-!7
a/-y8K\L|P8\l jn!7K= |v#- \vL-v8K\PTvr8`<…
>p|b8Yn; mZ=0v5K< h-d8yW-n< |v#-yl[. S9%W-\4R n4my8`<
lX]; \v|K#w<‛ (u&r`;: jm8aWWb<l_g<, |p. ÊÏ) wb<l_g=k8r=\t
\\sq=6 ak<bR-\4R >pS<w8vnk7 aXr85w<FW-6 \2T-P-
K=Nvy8`<. iWr; aS8Y8r` ww9!L=\t p=kmRk7 S}x<t-K=v84
S+f-k7 aw-Sm5w<Fr8`<.

m=hMd< i6y8S=; rx_d< ah<md< g;|g8h-y=; wM-6

h}dy;gmm8y bn<Y; u#8y-r=Q. av5K-ty-6 ntN or= c5c{ nd<v-
u&r-K=Q: ‚mIl8n8 av5k7 (m=hMd< i6y8S<) pRy8R=#8y-r=Q, ‘d-
k<5 \cy{=|/87 en-\K8r= B8r;|p8\l an=Bv\PT-r=Q. h>SW<
g;|g8h-(R)|y8t< v-vr; pR@|P87 h>SW<(R) \2T-|p8y-. h>SW<
pR@=:, ‘mIl8n8 m=hMd< q8S-; n8n=wv-(R) i|w pr8w- h8j- S8h-
b-(mIl8n8 i;d8d=l[8 m=h8j-5mK-)|n8t< pR@|P87 a08h= n-
!\L\K8#< vl-\y8r= k8r]; \cy{-P-K=\mN< h8j-S8h-b< pR@-
r=Q.‛ (mIl8n8 m=hMd< i6y8S< j_v-wv=; dIw]v=;, |p. ÍÎ)

n8n=wv-y=; i;d8d=l[y=; wM-l=0 S;B8x`; nm=K< v8y-K8;.

a|P87 u0=k0- mnS-l8v=;. n8n=wv- w\4R m=r_d8y i;d8d=l[|y8t<
pR@= ‘d-k<5’ |vLy-6 wn-K< kt=W B8r; an=Bv\Pt=Q. n8n=wv-
pR@=, iw< n=b=v{W-\4R \\fL84 (oz=K<) w8*L=\t h}dyW-|lK<
oz=k=ky8`<. nb-K< vh<y-\4R SmyW< an=Bv\PT B8r;
w\Ny8`-w<. a/-y8K7 \cy<w=\k8#-r=N |j8l- w8*\L\K8#<
a08h= n-5v{h-P-K=;.‛ (a6qIl=6 bl_g<, |p. ÊÊÈ)

c-l >ps;SK85 v-xy; k+t=w6 vxL8K-. nd<v- pRy=Q:

‚Aw<m_y c-%y=0 c-l v]k<w-k7 iI am6 il8h-y8y or= \vL-
p8t8`< eN< >pq]8p-K=ky=#8y-. i>wy=; k8l; iw< aR-y\Pt8w-
r=N|l[8 eN< av5 aw<B=w; >pkt-P-K=ky=; \cy<w=.‛ (mIl8n8
m=hMd< i6y8S< j-v-wv=; dIw]v=;, |p. ÉÉÏ)

3|Page
wb<l_g=; S+f-Sv=;

S+f- \\sq4m8\r8t=; w9r_qW=k|L8t=; m=hMd< i6y8S-n<

an=r8g8w<mkm8y >Bmm8y-r=Q u#8y-r=Nw<. aK8r]; nd<v- w\N
pRy=Q: ‚>p|w]km8y c-Tk7 p8l-c{=\k8#<, w9r_qW-\4R
\\sq=m8r=\t Sm_p; ‘q84q8h-\l’ mr]8dk7 p8l-c{= jm8aW=k7
kz-@= k+t`\mQ0w< vL\rK8lm8y- e\4R A>ghm8`<.‛ (a.p=. |p.
ÉÉÏ) k0KFk7 c-lv8k`\m*-6 |c8d]; \cy{8W m=r_d4m8r=#8v`;.
e%=; ew=; av5 \k8W-v-z=!=;, >pcr-P-K=;. av5K< AyW=kL=;
hd_F=kL=; w\N \wL-v8y-K-T`\mN v8s-y=#8v-l[. \\sq4m8r=\t
k-n8v=kL=; kFkL=; av5 d}Vm8y- v-s9S-K=;.

nd<v- v_#=; pRy=Q: ‚>pS<F8n!\L k+t8\w Aw<m_ypr/rk7,

w9r_qW-\4R ms8iq4m8r=m8y- bn<Y\PT v]k<w-k7 el[8v\r
S;bn<Y-c{=; mIl8n8y=\t h}dyv-s8lwy=\t avS<F iw= w\Ny8y-
r=Q. \\sq=m8r=m8y- bn<Ym=0v5 iI pr->smv=m8y- bn<Y\Pt=Nw-
6 mIl8nK< vl-y S|%8xm8y-r=Q. av\r vL\ryY-k; Adr-K=ky=;
\cy<w-r=Q. m=jD-d- w9r_qW-\ny=; h>SW< mIl8n8 fSl=6 Rh<m84
S8h-b<(R) av5kL=m8y- bn<Y\PTv\ry=; 284 pr-cy\Pt=W-
y|P87, mIl8n vL\r S|%8x-K=ky=; av|r8t< vl-y Adrv< >pkt-
P-c{=\k8#< i>pk8r; pRy=ky=; \cy<w=. 284 \cR=P; m=w6
mh84m8r-6 n-N< |kT=vr=N k8r]m8`< r#< ‘q=w<b=k7’ iI
k8lyLv-6 j_v-c{-r=Q eNw<. pt-@8R< h>SW< g4|g8h-y=; k-zK<
h>SW< mIl8n fS<l=5Rh<m84 S8h-b=; (a.p=.|p. ÊÊÍ)

uWmwlm=RkL-6 il[8W v-s98S!L=; Ac8r!L=m8`<

wb<l_g=k85 w8|l8l-K=Nw<. S+f-k7, w9r_qW<, md<hb<, wq<l_d<,
gIS<S=k7, q=W=b=k7 eN-v\y8Q; aN-l[. or= S9h8b-|p8l=;
S+f- eN |pr-6 aR-y\Pt=N-l[. wb<l_g=k85K< S9h-w] rcnk7
ntW-y ‚SKr-y mIl8n nk<xb%_ w9r_qW-\l pw-n8y-rK`K-n<
m=r_d4m8r=0 \\sq8`<.‛ (wb<l_g-\4R mhw9!7. m=qv=r) S+f-k7
>pcr-P-K=N m8rkm8y v-s98S!7 ‘aml=kL=\t mhw9!L-l+\t
AS+>w-wm8y- wb<l_g=k85 >pcr-P-K=Q. vh<dW=6 v=j+d< S-&8%;
|p8l=; wb<l_g=k85 n]8y_kr-K=N d=rvS<F nm=K< k8`8;.

4|Page
 m=hMd< Skr-y{ k8%lv- pRy=Q: ‚nM=\t \\sq4m8r=\t r#=
S;Bv!7 m8w}kK=|v#- iv-\t ez=w=v84 mnS<S8s-K=Q.
oN8m|Ww< \\sq=6 mx8iq< hL<Rw< g4|g8h- (q=D-SS-5Rh=)
av5k7 a|DhW-\4R \\sq8y \\xq=6 aRb- v6 aj;h8j-
i;d8d=l[8h< S8h-b< (aa<ll[8h= mR8W-bh=) av5k7K< ez=w-y
ez=W8`<. mk8w_b< Rx_d-y{y-6 aw< >pS-&_kr-c{-T=m=#<. (a|Dh;
pRy=Q)… in- k+t=w6 pRy=Nw< adb=|kt=; ah;B8vv=m8y-
|P8k=;. a08h=|v, m8P= \c|y{`|m, \\xq-\4R k6pnyn=S-c{<
ez=w-yw8`<. 284 v]8jn=; oQml[8Wvn=m8`<. n-\4R n-z6 m8>wm8`<.
n_ w\Ny8`< u0w<. oQml[. 284 E\w8N8y-r-K=Q|v8 aw< n_
w\Ny8`<. 28n=; n_y=; eNw= w\N (or= n-ly-l=0) s-5K-\4R u0-6
s-5K8`<. aS<wg<f-R=l[8h<… in- pRy84 kz-v-l[.‛ (S9dqy=\t
mhw9!7, |p. ÎÐË) hl[8j-\4Ry=; Ad-s*r\4y=; S-&8%; w\N. wn-
c{ a\\d9w; w=t5N< nm=K< v8y-K8;. S+f-k\L c8`-n= c8`8y=;
m=zW-n< m=zm8y=; an=kr-K=N wb<l_g< jm8aW<, b-d<aW<
jm8aW8y- m8R=ky8`<. b|R6v-kL=; SmS<wK8r=; ivr=\t p-N-6 n-
6K`;. a\l[*-6 oN-c{= n_!=ky=; \cy{8;.

5|Page