USING THE TELEPHONE

:~:. 20G7 by Rand,· Glasberqen. .....·ww.glasbcrgcn.coll1

CELLULAR

Sales and Service

t_ j

"Nothing is 'just a phone' anymore. On this one, the antenna doubles as a nose .. hair trimmer!"

SOURCES:

Business Options International Business English Learning to Manage

TELEPHONING IN ENGLISH: WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

Communication considerations:

Why is it often considered to be more difficult to speak on the phone than to converse face to face?

What do we need to do to overcome this difficulty?

Language question:

What the difference between being 'on line' and 'on the line'?

Situational language:

What idiomatic/standard expressions are used in telephoning for the following situations:

. -to answer the phone personal professional

+to state who you are

+to find out the identity of the other person

+to get someone to wait

+to ask for someone specific (4j),\ I i1~ t1Af4¥ ro "

+to give the phone to someone elseJ iJJ r""r1 \~~" !

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+if the person is already talking to someone else "J'."", \\t

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+if you can't hear the speaker

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+if you want to take or leave a message

+if the person is absent

you need repetition/spelling

+if you have tried several times without success ~ ;d~

+if you don't have the right person

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+if you need information

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Telephone etiquette

. e Read through the flow chart of a telephone conversation, and write down at least one alternative expression for the words and phrases in italics.

RECEPTIONIST

CALLER

8 ~ Now listen to the conversation. There are more than ten differences from the script. How many can you find?

e In pairs, role-playa similar conversation.

J_.

A Mr Brown is phoning Mr White. Below is their conversation in the wrong order. Put it in the right order. There are three- people involved in the conversation if we include the operator.

7 Good morni_ng, this is John Brown of Ferguson Ltd. Could I speak to Mr White in Customer Enquiries?

B Now work in groups of three and act 'out the call. Do it once looking at the text, then

change the ~~les_~~~_~9_ it ~gai_1) ""i~l1_outr~f_§.rrlng ~o theJext. . . . ._____ _

.. _- .. __ -- - - ~ .

Using the phone

Vocabulary

Work in pairs. Decide which of the verbs fit best in the following sentences. What other verbs could you use instead?

beover hang up

callbacklringb-ack

hold-on- leok-up

cut-fd(t pickup

get:th~ough put-e«:

give up put through

Match the words and phrases with similar meanings.

1. The phone's ringing. Why don't you 9i.d?; .. 4 the receiver?

2. Mrs Scott isn't available at the moment. Can you later?

3. Can you .. tzQ·If, .. G."1~ Ms Dumas's number in the directory please?

4. I'm afraid she's with a client, shall I p . .uJr: you "'cl!, 'l.' .• HJ~ to her

secretary?. . I ,;

5. I'm sorry jbout that. I'm glad you're still there. We must have been .. i.~J;.6lI.-l ..... for a moment.

6. Mr GreeJ~ever seems to be in hisoffice. I've been trying to to

him all mornin$~'" , -.

7. Could you .~J"i-J.;L.(f~ for a moment, I'll just find out for you.

8. Is Graham there? If so, could you .. . him ~ •......... please?

9. If the telephonist says 'Thank you such for calling' andplays me that awful.

eIect,ronic music again, I'll .. h.,.....~ .. ~...... ,0 II

10. You 11 never get New York at this time of day. If I were you, I d . .c.JQ ... :~.Ulf....

11. If an 4merican telephonist asks 'Are you through?', she wants to know if your

call ... lb. .. ljll~-...· . [1AJ

A XLP. Good afternoon. Can I help

you?

B I'd like speak to Mr Lee please. A Could I have your name please? B This is Richard Gabbitas from

Meta 4.

A Is that G-A-B--B--I-T-A-S? B Yes, that's right.

A OK. Sorry, what was the name of your company?

B Meta 4, in London.

A OK, Mr Gabbitas. I'll try and put you through. (pause) Sorry, but apparently he's just gone out for lunch.

I'll connect you. One moment.

An office number

Could I have your name? I'm ready.

The line's engaged.

A country or area number Is that all?

Can you wait? ... speaking

B Could 1 leave a message? A Certainly.

B Could you tell him that the meeting's been postponed till next Tuesday, and to call me back later this afternoon?

A Does he have your number? B Yes, he has got my number.

A Sorry, you'll have to speak up a bit, the line is very bad.

B I said I think he's got my number but I'll give it you anyway. It's 0044 that's the code for England then 171-326-7717.

A So that's 0044-171-326-7717. B That's right.

A OK. I'll make sure he gets your message, Mr Gabbitas.

B Thanks for your help. Goodbye.

When you transfer information by phone, try not to leave long silences or ' pauses. These phrases will help you.

Starting Ready? Go ahead.
Continuing Have you got that? Got that.
Finishing Anything else? That's all.
Checking Could you read that back to me? Could I read that back to you? 4.

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Review of the past sim pte, continuous and perfect

A Introduction

Read this true story. It happened some years ago.

A young man walked into a supermarket in Southampton and put a few items of food in a basket. He had chosen a time when not many people were shopping in the store. He found a checkout where no one else was waiting. When the cashier had checked the goods, the man gave her a £10 note. When she opened the till, the man quickly snatched all the money from it and ran out of the store before she realized what was happening. At the time the security guard was standing at the other end of the store. When staff checked the records in the till, they found that the thiefhad taken only £4.37. As he had left the £10 note behind, the operation had cost him £5.63.

B Comparison of tenses

We use the past simple to talk about the past (see Unit 8).

He snatched the money and ran away.

The past simple is used for the actions in the story, to tell us what happened next.

We use the past continuous (see Unit 9) for something around a past time or a past action.

At the time of the incident, not many people were shopping in the store.

The few customers were in the middle of doing their shopping.

We use the past perfect (see Unit 18) for things before a past situation.

Staff found that the thiefhad taken only £4.37.

The theft of the money happened before they found out how much.

C Past simple and past continuous

We often use these two forms together when a shorter action comes in the middle of a longer one (see Unit lOB).

I was waiting at the checkout when I noticed a strange-looking man.

Seeing the man came in the middle of the wait.

D Past simple and past perfect

When we use these two forms together, we use the past perfect for what happened earlier.

A man walked into a supermarket. He had chosen a quiet time.

The choice of the time came before the arrival in the supermarket.

In this example, one past action followed another.

He filled the basket and went to the checkout.

We can also use either when ... had done, or after ... did/had done.

When he had filled the basket, he went to the checkout.

After he had filled (OR After he filled) the basket, he went to the checkout.

But when one short action comes straight after another, we use the past simple for both.

When she opened the till, he snatched allthe money out of it.

Note the different meanings.

When I switched the TV on, the programme started. I was just in -time.

When I switched the TV on, the programme had started. I missed the beginning.

We can use the past perfect or the past simple with before or until. There is no difference in meaning.

The man arrived at the store before it had opened/before it opened.

The chairman didn't speak until he had heard/until he heard all the arguments.

-

Le futur dans la proposition completive

Une des seules veri tables difficultes auxquelles se heurte le redacteur francais lorsqu'il aborde le futur, concerne l'utilisation ou non du futur dans une subordonnee.

• La regle consiste a dire: pas de futur dans la subordonnee de temps.

3-D graphics software will be used in everyday programs when the cost of the necessary hardware goes down.

On a tendance a passer sous silence le cas de la proposition completive non temporelle.

We look forward to the day when we will finish the project. Nous attendons avec impatience Ie jour ou.nous finirons le projet.

Comparer:

Can you tell me when the system is ready for use.

On dernande au moment OU Ie systeme sera operationnel, de prevenir : « quand ce sera pret, dites-Ie moi ». Ce serait une reponse a Ia question QUAND dois-je vous le dire ? (Vous me le direz quand c;a marchera : les deux actions seront simultanees)

Can you tell me when the system will be ready for use.

is going to be ready for use.

On demande si on connait la date a laquelle Ie systeme sera operationnel : « en connaissez-vous Ia date? » C'est la reponse a la question: QUE vouIez-vous que je vous dise ?

);> Traduire ces phrases :

J. Dites-nous quelle operation effectuer quand le systeme s'arretera.

2. Faites nous savoir des que possible quand et oii l'exposition se tiendra, nos agents essayeront d'y participer.

3. Quand le controleur aerien aura un materiel plus perfectionne, cela lui permettra de determiner des itineraires plus rapides que Ies voies actuellement tracees.

4. La FAA ajoutera des bases de donnees automatisees des que Ietrafic augmentera.

5. II serait interessant de savoir quand ils installeront des programmes intelligents du type AERA.

115

L'ACTION A VENIR

Le futur dans la proposition principale

Comme en francais, Ie futur peut s'exprirner de facons differentes,

Demain il est a Orleans pour voir un client. II ne sera pas lao

He is visiting a customer in Orleans tomorrow. He won't be in.

Ca va marcher! It's going to work!

Vous toucherez vos clients plus vite grace a ce fax.

You'll reach your customers much more quickly thanks to this fax machine.

Traduire ces phrases en suivant exactement le mode de relation future determine par Ie texte francais,

1. On verra ce problerne demain.

2. Il attend votre fax et il va vous envoyer son rapport aussitot.

3. Elle va bientot partir aux Etats-Unis pour etudier le marche.

4. II faudra deux ans pour avoir une clientele stable.

5. Quel nouveau produit sortez-vous pour le salon du mois prochain ?

IiII DECRIRE UN MONTAGE

Phrases types .

• Recommandations

La description d'un appareil ou d'un montage sert a l'orallors de la visite du laboratoire ou lors d'une communication a un congres. A l'ecrit, elle fait partie du corps d'une publication (m5' partie III, chapitre 24, pages 168- 175) ou d'une page Internet.

II y a deux types de description, a savoir, d'une part la description spatiale des elements constitutiJs, et d'autre part la description du fonctionnement.

Phrases types

1. Cet appareil peut se definir comme un granulometre. }'entends par la qu'il sert principalement a mesurer la tail 'le et la quantite des particules en suspension dans un liquide.

2. II y a trois types courants de laser, a savoir les lasers a gaz, a liquide et a criss aux.

3. Ce montage comprend 5 parties. Les difftrents elements sont relies a un ordinateur, equipe / muni d'un scanner.

4. L'appareil est aussi relie a une imprimante qui permet d'obtenir les resultats sous forme de graphiques et de tableaux.

5. Le reservoir est situe a l'arriere, juste sous fa colonne. II a 50 ern de long, 30 em de large et 15 em de hauteur. II pese 12 kg. II est fait de metal et de pfastique.

6. L'atout principal de ce systeme, c'est de pouvoir detecter rapidement les changements de pression.

7. II est aussi capable de verifier le debit en temps reel permettant ainsi une reaction immediate.

8. Toutefois, le seul inconvenient est que le traitement des donnees a tendance a etre long.

9. Cette substance presents d'excellentes proprietes qui sont une bonne resistance a la chaleur et une bonne resistance a fa friction.

10. Cet appareil fonctionne avec une alimentation electrique de 12 V

11. II fot concu a l'origine pour mesurer la taille des cristaux.

12. La petite pompe a gauche est un appareil utilise pour l'extraction du depot au fond du reservoir.

52

LES PROPOSITIONS :LATIVES COMPLEXES

st essentiel qu'un eompte-rendu seientifique t clair et precis, quelle que so it la cornplexite I'analyse decrite, L'intelliqibilite primant sur rtvle. il ne faut pas s' etonner de voir la place ~ peuvent etre amenees a prendre les

.positions relatives dans Ie langage scientifique ticulierernent,

; subordonnees relatives permettent, sans rper la phrase et done sans risquer

rterrornpre la demonstration, de preciser Ie sens ne expression ou d'une proposition.

us donnons ici quelques exemples frappants ces subordonnees les plus complexes.

Someone whose eyesight does not have sufficient spectral resolution cannot identify objects.

Une personne dont Ie systeme visuel n'a pas une resolution spectrale suffisante ne peut identifier les objets.

The spin glass could be a distinct phase of matter the magnetic order of which (whose magnetic order) will persist for as long as low temperatures are maintained.

Le verre de spin pourrait etre une phase distincte de la matiere dont l'ordre maqnetfque persistera aussi longtemps que l'on maintiendra des temperatures basses.

Is it possible to achieve the same resolving power from a single telescope whose diameter (the diameter of which) equals the distance between the pair of two small telescopes?

Est-il possible d'obtenir Ie meme pouvoir de resolution d'un seul telescope dont Ie diametre serait egal a la distance separant les deux petits telescopes?

The atlas is a set of reference samples with which observed colours can be compared.

L'atlas est un ensemble d'echantillons de reference auxquels on compare les couleurs observees.

Vocalization is clearly an important means by which a mother and pup stay together.

De toute evidence, la vocalisation joue un grand role pour permettre a une mere et a son petit de rester en contact.

4

The discontinuity defines the boundary between the Cretaceous period during which dinosaurs reigned supreme and the Tertiary.

La discontinuite definit la limite entre la peri ode du Cretace au cours de laquelle les dinosaures n§gnaient en maftres et l'ere tertiaire.

It has been tested on a variety of problems two of which have been presented here.

II a eM teste sur un certain nombrede prcblemes dont nous avons presente lei deux exemples.

The auroral sub storm is a manifestation of what is called a magnetospheric substorm, about four or five of which occur every day.

Les sous-orages magnetiques sent la manifestation des sous-orages ruaqnetospheriques qui se produisent quatre a cinq fois par jour.

They employ several single-locus probes, each of which binds to a different site.

Ils emploient des sondes tres localisees dont chacune se rattache a un site different.

We have made some fascinating discoveries, some of which are broadening our understanding of some cancers.

Nous avons fait des decouvertes extraordinaires dont certaines elargissent notre comprehension de certains cancers.

11 The agency would permit us to begin a clinical trial of ten patients, all of whom had a life expectancy of 90 days or less.

L'agence nous permit d'ouvrir une clinique d'essai avec dix malades qui tous avaient une esperance de vie de 90 jours au maximum.

12 Yet, the remaining drug-resistant celis, all of whose progeny are also drug-resistant,continue to multiply. Cependant, les cellules resistantes au medicament qui subsistent et dont toute la descendance est resistante elle aussi, se multiplient.

185

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mINTRODUCTION _ Phrases types

• Recommandations

L'introduction d'un article commence par une presentation du probleme general, suivi du rappel des solutions proposees lors de recherches preddentes. Dans un deuxieme temps, !'introduction pose une problematique liee a une critique des etudes passees et annonce les o6jectifi de fa presente recherche.

Le temps utilise sera le present pour fa description du problems general ou des objectifi du present article. Le 'present perfect» seruira a mentionner globalement les etudes faites jusqua present alors que le preterit sera utilise pour les riftrences a une publication particuliere aatee.

Phrases types

1. La comprehension de l'ecoulement des fluides dans des tuyaux courbes est de toute premiere importance, non seulement pour des applications industrielles mais egalement en medecine, particuiierement en ce qui concerne l'ecoulement du sang dans i'aorte.

2. La detection en temps reel des objets en deplacement presente un interet tout spicialement pour la vision 3D.

3. Une faron traditionnelle de resoudre ce probleme a ete l'utilisation des radars et des capteurs inftarouges.

4. Recernmens des articles ont explore les proprietes chimiques et physiques de ces poiymeres.

5. Une excellente introduction au sujet est don nee par Jones et al. (1996). Des etudes plus recentes ont montre que des micro fissures peuvent apparaftre a la suite des contraintes du materiau. Brown (2) a examine le cas des hilices de bateau.

6. Cela reste cependant un domaine qui demande une etude plus poussee. Malheureusement, cette methode s'est averee inadequate.

7. Bien que de nornbreuses recherches soient consacrees aux ouragans, peu d'informations sont disponibles au sujet des tornades.

8. Le but de cet article est de determiner si les changements climatiques ont un effit sur leur ftequence.

9. Le travail actuel aborde ce probleme et presente une methode de detection des variations de temperature.

10. Cette technique deurait seruir de base a de nombreuses applications. 11. Cet article est organise comme suit. La section 1 contient une explication de la theorie sous-jacente. Puis, dans fa section suit/ante, la procedure experimentale est dicrite.

154

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.~~ CADRE GENERAL ET IDEES DE BASE

Setting the context

This paper outlines a computational method for constructing eigenvector subspaces.

Cet article expose une methode calculatoire pour la cons-

truction de sous-espaces propres. --

The various stages in the development of a prototype are delineated.

Les differentes etapes du developpernent technique d'un prototype sont esquissees.

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate some of the issues involved in taking advantage of the current advances in computer hardware technology.

Cet article vise a eclairer certains des problemes qui se posent, en brant part! des progres recents des matenels

informatiques. j

This paper is an exercise in empirical analysis, rather than a theory of spatial price dispersion.

Cet article est un exercice d'analyse empirique plutot qu'une theorle de la dispersion spatiale des prix.

The relevance of the steady solutions as limits of the unsteady problem are discussed.

On discutera de la pertinence des solutions stationnaires en tant que l1mites du problema non-stationnaire.

We are interested in the introduction of a time delay in the population.

Nous voulons etudier l'introduction d'un temps de retard dans la croissance de la population.

A simple-minded approach consists of first answering the following question.

Une approche naive consiste a repondre en premier lieu it la question suivante.

Our approach in this paper is to first establish a macroscopic description.

Dans cet article, notre demarche consiste tout d'abord it donner une description macroscopique. -

In general terms the idea is that a mutant may invade a population by adopting a policy that gives it an advantage.

L'idee generale est qu'un mutant peut envahir la population en adoptant une tactique qui lui confere un avantage.

10 The basic idea is that, after examining in detail the behavior of the model, we shall be able to recognize in real, complicated systems, features which can lead to vibrational behaviour.

L'idee de base est de pouvoir reconnaitre, apres avoir etudie Ie comportement du modele, quelles sont les caracterisliques conduisant a des phenomenes vibrato ires pour des systemes complexes existant dans la realite.

11 The appearance of Q as the amplification factor for a system in resonance highlights the basic connection between free and forced vibrations of the same system.

Que Q soit Ie facteur d'amplification d'un syteme en resonance SOiiligne le lien etroit entre les oscillations libres et les oscillations tcrcees d'un syteme donne.

Both phenomena can be understood if we think of a water molecule in an alternating field as undergoing forced angular vibrations.

Ces deux phenomenes peuvent se comprendre si l'on se represente une molecule d'eau dans un champ alternatif comme etant soumise it des vibrations angulaires forcees.

As matters stand, population geneticists are debating whether ...

En l'etat actuel des choses, les geneticiens demographes se demandent si ...

One important area is concerned with enumeration, generating function and similar ideas.

Un domaine important concerne Ie problema de l'enumeration, de la fonctIon generatrice et d'autres idees voisines.

The idea of feedback provides a frame of reference for ...

L'idee de retroaction constitue un cadre de reference ~ ...

The physical properties of spin glasses provide a possible guide for understanding ...

Les proprietes physiques des verres de spin peuvent constituer un cadre aidant it la comprehension de ...

33

ae second millennium BC, Chinese potters were J two styles of glazing stones.

Ie second millenaire avant Jesus-Christ, les potiers lis utilisaient deja deux types de pierre a vemir.

mgust 24, the imaging team announced that the were part of a complete outer ring.

4 aout, l'equipe image annonca que les arcs apparte:1t a un anneau exterieur complet.

accident prompted a 27 -month moratorium on lZ flights.

::ident provoqua une interruption de 27 mois des vols Soyouz.

Soviets engaged in robotic exploration of the In until 1976.

Sovietiques procederent a I'exploration de la lune par robots jusqu'en 1976.

US launch rate began to decrease in the late Os.

'ythme des lancements americains commenc;a a se ntir vers la fin des annees 60.

mes is scheduled to be completed in the late IDs.

prevoit l'achsvement d'Hermes pour la fin des ans 90.

he early 1970's, the US was riding the crest of the cessful Apollo program.

:iebut des annees 70, les Etats-Unis etaient portes par ucces total du programme Apollo.

anwhile both the US and the Soviet Union rtlnued to develop the technology to support their lonal security needs in space.

.dant ce temps, les Etats-Unis et l'Union Sovietique Irsulvaient Ie developpement technologique necessaire rur besoins spatiaux en matiere de defense nationale.

the century drew to a close, genealogists geney agreed that...

st vers la fin du siecle que les genealogistes s'accorent d'une fac;on generale sur ...

Scientists have so far failed to come up with a plausible explanation.

Jusqu'ici les chercheurs n'ont pas reussi it trouver une explication plausible.

Artisans over the millennia have exploited these structural variations.

Au cours des millenaires, les artisans ont exploite ces variations structurelles.

More recently we have been studying what happens to the shape of the minerals when ...

Plus recemment, nous avons etudie comment se deferment les mineraux lorsque ...

Birds of paradise have been the focus of scientific curiosity for many years.

Les paradisiers attirent la ouriosite des scientifiques depuis de nombreusesannees.

It has long been known that... On sait depuis longtemps que ...

In the past four years, the effect has been obtained in very small conducting wires at very low temperatures. Durant ces quatre dernieres annees, l'effet a ete obtenu grace a des fils conducteurs tres minces dans des conditions de temperatures tres basses.

During the past three decades, application of the lead dating method has become more and more sophisticated.

Au cours des trente dernieres annees, l'application de la methode de datation par le plomb est devenue de plus en plus complexe.

Specific techniques have been developed over the past decades.

On a developpe des techniques particulieres au cours des dernieres decermies.

Within the past ten years, a new generation of investigators have learned much about social organization of birds of paradise.

Durant les dix dernieres annees, les chercheurs ont beaucoup appris sur I'organisation sociale des para-

disiers. --

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14 years have passed since I first set foot on the island.

Quatorze ans se sont ecoules depuis que rai debarque sur l'ile.

Since then, the practise of liming has become increasingly common.

Depuis, la pratique du chaulage est devenue de plus en plus courante.

In the 12 years since they were launched, the Voyager spacecraft have contributed much to the understanding of the planets.

Au cours des 12 annees qui ont suivi leur lancement les engins spatlaux Voyager ont beaucoup contribue a la comprehension des planetes:-

By the mid-1960s, the Soviets had developed the Soyuz space capsule.

Au milieu des annees 60, les sovietiques avaient mis au point leur capsule spatiale Soyouz.

The findings had puzzled planetary scientists ever since Voyager 2 disclosed that Uranus's magnetic field axis was similarly tilted.

Ces decouvertes avaient intrigue les specialistes des planetes des Ie moment ou Voyager avait revele que l'axe du champ magnetique d'Uranus etait incline de la meme fa~on.

No one knows what will happen once bog moss completly disappears.

Nul ne sait ce qui se passera lorsque la mousse aura completement disparu des marai-s.--

In the years ahead, the Aharanov-Bohm effect may even have a profound impact in electronics.

II est possible que dans les annees a venir, l'effet Aharanov-Bohm ait des repercussions profondes en electronique.

30 By the end of the century, manufacturers hope to be able to produce even cheaper silicon chips.

D'ici la fin du siecle, les fabricants esperent pouvoir produire des puces au silicium encore moins cheres,

31 By that time, scientists hope the Voyagers will have encountered the heliopause,

16

Les scientifiques asperent que d'ici Iii. les Voyagers auront rencontre I'heliopause.

32 In the long run, calculations may well suc.ceed in predicting the tertiary structure of any pr?tem ..

A long terme, les calculs pourraient tout iI. ~alt pre dire la structure tertiaire de n'importe queUe proteine,

"1iv()ycClrs lcmwn'm.v-a"d its still a tadpole!"

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lLAN DE L'ARTICLE llan of the article

age veut que, dans les articles scientifiques, an de I'article soit esquisse en quelques

ses. II se place, selon les revues, soit en tout rt d'article, soit Ie plus souvent, a la fin introduction.

iresentatlcn de ce plan ne pose en general de difficulte a proprement parler.

a I'essentiel et aux formules les plus courtes .ibles.

ases d'lntroduction

'he plan of the paper is as follows ... .e plan de l'article est Ie suivant ...

'he paper is organized as follows ... ,'article est organise de la facon suivante ...

n the sections that follow, we shall discuss the :tability of market adjustment in each of the above enses.

ians les sections suivantes, nous discuterons de la tabilite de l'ajustement du marche dans les sens differents aentionnes ci-dessus.

tion 1

n section 1, we introduce ...

ians la section 1, nous introduisons ...

Ve review the necessary mathematical background. lous passons en revue les notions mathematiques indisensabtes.

Ve examine the conditions for stability. lous examinons les conditions de stabilite,

.ection 1 contains a short critique of...

a section 1 contient une breve critique de ...

Sections suivantes

We then provide in section 2 the precise definition of... Nous donnons ensuite en section 2 la definition precise de ...

Section 3 presents and justifies the ... , shows that... La section 3 presente et justifie Ie ... , montre que ...

In section 4, we demonstrate ...

Dans la section 4, nous faisons la demonstration de ...

Section 4 contains some numerical results and a few applications.

La section 4 contient quelques resultats numeriques et quelques applications.

Section 4 is devoted to discussing some ...

La section 4 est consacree a la discussion de quelques ...

In paragraph 2 of this section, we write out some formulas for...

Dans Ie 2e paragraphe de cette section, nous presentons quelques formules pour ...

In section 4, we give a statement of...

Dans la section 4, nous donnons une formulation de ...

The structure of the model is presented in section 3. La structure du modele est presentee dans la section 3.

The steady state for the model is determined in section 4.

L'etat stationnaire du modele est determine dans la section 4.

In sections I-IV, we shall limit ourselves to the case of... Dans les sections de I a IV, nous nous limiterons au cas de ...

Conclusions

CD Finally, in section 5, we outline a ...

I Finalement, dans la section 5, nous esquissons ...

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