COUPLING:

Coupling is a mechanism for connecting railway cars (wagons) in a train.In order for two
railway vehicles to be connected together in a train they are all provided with some form of a
coupling

Different types of Coupling.

 Three-link couplings
  A set of three links that are hung from draw-hooks on each vehicle.
 Screw coupling
This is a development of the 3-link coupling. To overcome the slack in the three-
link coupling, a screwed thread replaces the middle link. By winding the weighted
adjustment bar around the threaded screw, this would be take up any slack between the
two end links.

 Instanter coupling
Another development of the three-link coupler is the "Instanter" coupler. Rather
than a middle link or a threaded adjustable screw, the middle link is forged into a
triangular shape with a keyhole shape in its middle, to allow the distance between
vehicles to be (crudely) adjusted.

 Janney coupler or buckeye coupler

By far the most common coupling seen around today, both on the WSR and on
the mainline railway, is the Buckeye coupling. This is an automatic, mechanical coupler
of a design.

BUFFER AND BUFFER STOP:

A Buffer is a part of the buffer and chain coupling system used on the railway system.
There should not be any mismatch between buffers. If angle is not same then there is possibility
of crash between two wagons (bogies).
Buffer stop is a device to prevent railway vehicles from going past the end of a section of track.
Large number of bogie wagons has been fitted with Centre Buffer Couplers.
CBCs fitted with Screw Couplings are called “Transition” CBCs.

STRESS:
 Tensile While Drawing the Wagons
 Compressive While Buffing the Wagons
PROPERTIES OF KNUCKLE