Bai giang sé 8 ci mign phi Dé thi - Tai ligu Hoc tap CAC BAI TOAN VE SG PHUC Céec bai todn vé sé phite 1a chi 48 méi xudt hign ln dau trong cdc dé thi tuyén sinh vao cdc trutng Dai hgc va Cao dang nam 2009. ang nay gidi thigu céc bai todn co ban nhat vé s6 phite: Céc bai todn vé phite, dang lugng giéc cla sé phire va phuong trinh xét trén tap céc s6 § 1. CAC PHEP TINH VE SO PHUC VA MODUN CUA SO PHUC 1, Tém tit li thuyét = Céc phép tinh vé s6 phite: Cho hai s6 phire Z=a + bi va = a°+b'i. Ta dinh nghia Cho sé phirc Z = a + bi, Sé phite Z= a — bi goi la sé phite lign hgp voi s6 phic trén : = Médun ciia s6 phite : Cho sé phite Z = a + bi, ta ki higu [Z| 1d médun ciia sé phite Z duge xac dinh hu sau: java? +e +bi va Z’ =a’ + bi. Ta dinh nghia . Z.Z’ = aa’ — bb’ + (ab" + a’b)i = Cho sé phite Z = a + bi # 0 (tire la a? +b” > 0). Ta dinh nghia = Cho hai sé phite Z Ze 227". NéuZ #0 thi 5 2. Cie dang toan co ban ‘Loai 1: Cac phép tinh vé sé phite: . Cac bai toan thuong cé,dang hofc di hdi tinh todn tryc tiép mét biu thire ve sé phite, hodc phi mot phuong trinh dang don gién dé tim sé phite Z, ma thyc chat cia phép gidi phuong trinh nay chi ddi hdi thyc hign céc phép tinh vé sé phit. Thi du 1: (Dé thi tuyén sink Cao ding khdi A, B - 2009) Tim phan thyc va phan do ciia s6 phite Z, néu nhu ta c6 (1 +if 2-)Z= 8H + (1 + 21Z. 151152 Tacd (1 +i 2-H) 2 Z[(1+)\2-+) - 1420] wo 1a 8ti SHS Vay phin thye cia Z li 2 va phan do la -3. Thi da 2: ; . ; Xét cde diém A, B, C trong mat phing phirc theo thi ty bigu dign céc sé cis, 26 1) Chimg minh ABC la tam giée vudng can 2) Tim so phirc biéu dién boi diém D, sao cho ABCD [a hinh vudng. Giai SUD 299i Vay A= (2-2). (1-i)(142) = 341 > B=G; 1) 2461 2+ 600+) 9; 5 = 6:2) Tir dé suy ra BC? = 10; BA’ = 10; CA? = 20, nén 06 BA=BC AC? = AB? + BC? Vay ABC 1a tam giéc vudng can dinh B. 2) Goi D 1a dinh thir tu cia hinh vuong ABCD. Ta c6 3) = (xo; Yor2) Wyo @D=(1-1) . Vay s6 phite Z = -1-i duge biéu dién bai diém D. Thi du 3: Giai cée phuong trinh sau: 1) 2-i)2-4=0; 24h, -143iThy chit day la cae bai todn thy hign cde phép tinh trén sé phitc. Thi du 4: Gi8i cdc phuong trinh sau: 2-41 1) Xét phuong trinh Z+22Z=2~4i (1) Dit Z=x+yi=> Z=x-yi Khids (1). (x + yi) + Ox ~2y 93x -yi=2-4i DHZ=xt+yi => Z (Deoxsy' + 2s 153,Nhén xér: Ta da sit dung dinh nghia vé su bang nhau ciia hai s6 phite wrvie| asa b=b : atbi Thi dy 5: Giai phurong trinh: Vay (1) 66 3 nghigm Z,=0, Z)= 1, Zy=- Logi 2 : Cac bai todn vé médun cia sé phic: Cac bai ton thude dang nay c6 céc dang co bin sau - Tinh cae biéu thiie c6 chifa médun cia $6 phite - Tim tap hop diém cée sé phize néu nhwr ching théa man mét digu kign ndo 46 vé médun, : : ~ Giai céc phurong trinh e6 lin quan dén médun sé phic Thi de I: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai gc kidi A ~ 2009) Cho Zi, Zs la nghigm cia phuong trinh Z’ + 2Z + 10 = 0. Tinh dai tuong A=[diP + [2oh Xét phuiong trinh Z’ + 2Z + 10=0(1), tacd: A'=1-10=-9= 97 => Var =3i, . Z,=-1+3i wore -1-3i. 154Ta c6: |Zi| =[Z=V1+9 = V0. Vay A= 2? +22 =20 Thi dy 2 : (Bé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B- 2009) ‘Cho sé phire Z théa man: “|Z-(2+i)|=V10 va ZZ =25. Hay tim Z. > a DatZ=xtyi => Z=x-yi > 2Z=(x+ yi)(x-yi)=x sy. Tad [2-2+i))= y(x+2) +(y-1) Tir dé theo bai ra ta c6 hé phuong (ee? =10 © P(B,)=C3, (0,03) (0,97)! x=3; fe vay [2734 ta nai «5 phite edn phai tim. [z=s Thi dy 3 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khdi D — 2009) ‘Tim tap hgp cac diém biéu dign sé phire Z biét ring [Z (3 —4i| = 2 Gi Gia sirZ =x + yi, khi do: [Z-—4i)] 2 |(x-3)+(y+4)i]=2 of 2 (x-3) +(y +4)? __ Ti (1) suy ra cée diém M(x; y) biéu dién sé phire Z = x + yi nim trén duong tron tém 1G; ~4) ban kinh R= 2. a Chis: ‘Ta cé thé gidi bai ton trén nhur sau Goi M 1a 86 phite Z, con 13; ~4) la diém biéu dign sé phic 3-41. Khid6 ta 06: |Z G-4i)=2 = MI=2(2) Tir (2) suy ra M nim trén dudng tron tm I bin kinh 2. Ta thu lai két qua trén. Thi dys Tim hire Z nu Z?+ |Z) =0, Dat Z=x+yi => [Z|= yx? +y? , khidé Z°+|Z|=0 1552 (x4 yi)? yt ry? =0 9 (x? ry?) +a? ry? + 2nyi = 2 -yta tery? =o. ) =0 Q) B) -y +lye0 (4) fy (3) er 0 (6) Giai hé (3) (4) va (5) (6) (dé dang) ta di dén hé (1) (2) c6 nghigm x=0:y=0 ‘Vay ba s6 phitc can tim Z = Thidu S Tim tap hop cdc diém biéu dién sé phire Z néu nh thoa man mét trong cae didu kign saw Wiz+2|=|\-Z) YIZ-dil +12 + 4i|= 10. Tae Goi M AzC Khid6 (1) <> MA= MB (2). . Tir (2) suy ra tép hop nhing diém M bidu din sé phic Z nim trén dudng ‘rung true cua doan AB. . Chit §- V/ O day ta 4a sir dung nbn xét sau: Néu MyM; tong Ging 18 hai diém dién cae sé phite Z).va Z, thi: IZ ~(2)= (2-110), sb phitc Z, A la diém, 1 (tte fa , iéu dign sé 2 (tire 1a Y + Ta c6 thé giai céch khae nhu sau: Dat Z =x yi. Ta cé: |Z +2)= 7 2 [x#2)+ yil= I+ - Dil 7 s =! ve +(y-1) eoxtyhaxtdexty2ytl eax t2y+ 0) 7 Vay tap hop cae diém M la duimg thing (3). Cac ban c6 thé thay (3) chinh 1a trung trye cia AB. 2/ Gia sit ta 06: [2 — Ai] + [2 + 4i]= 10. 156Goi M la diém biéu dién sé phitc Z, A = (0, -4) vi B= (0; 4) tuomg ting la cae 6 phite —4i va 4i, Khi do: [z~4i| + z+ 4i)=10 y? -25y+136=0 © [ ysl? y=8 Vay c6 hai sé phite cn tim: Z = 6 + 81 va Z= 6+ 171. hain xét Hai thi dy 7 va 8 cing loai nhung ta ding hai phuong phap gidi thich hop khée nhau (phurong php biéu dign hinh hgc ca s6 phitc voi thi dy 7, phyong phap tinh todn médun véi thi du 8). 158§2. DANG LUQNG GIAC CUA S6 PHUC 1. Tom tit li thuyét . Néu g la mot acgumen cia sé phie z thi moi acgumen cia né c6 dang, tk2n,keZ . Néu r> 0 la médun ctia sé phite z, cdn @ Li mOt acgumen cila nd, thi z= r(cos@ + isin @) ld dang lugng gic cia sé phite z. Néw “=n (cos 9 + ising), n>0 2Z=rcos @2 +i sings), > 0, thi 2122 n[cos(9, +92) +isin(g, ~9:)]s f= eos(o,-e)isin(@s-e)] Céng thite Moivre: Néu z = 1(cos @+isin @).r>0 thi 2" =r" (cosng+isinng) 2. Ce dang bai tip co bin Logi 1: Céc bai todn xae din acgumen cia sé phite Nhin chung céc logi bai tap nay e6 céch giai chung nhur sau: mt acgumen ctia s6 phite z, Ta cin bién déi sao cho z 06 dang: i sir phai tim =r(cos o+ ising) voir 0. Khid6 @ la mot acgumen tia z Thi dy Cho sé phite Z = |-sin @+icos @ (0<9<5) Tim mt acgumen cia s6 phite Z. Tacé: Z =sing +ising=1 weal -sa(ft)on( v(t] inf as ‘J Noles) Vay tir(1) suy ra a ta mot acgumen cia Z. 139Thi dy 2 . Cho s6 phite Z c6 médun bing | va @ la mét acgumen cia né. 1/ Tim mot acgumen cia sé phire g. 2/Tim m@t acgumen cia sé phire Z+Z néu cos 40. . Tir gid thiét suy ra: Z= cos @ + isin g. cost -9 + isin(-0) _ 26526) +isin(-29) VTac Z cos +ising —_cosg+ising Vay 26 li mst aegumen cia sb phie 2-5 2/ Ta 06 Z+Z =cosg + ising +cos9~ising = 2cos@ 1u @>0, khi dé Z +Z = 2cos@-1= 2cos.o(cos0 + isind) Vay lic nay 0 la mét acgumen cia sé phite Z) = Z+Z. +Néu @ <0, khidé Z+Z =(-2cosq) (-1) =(-2cosq) (cost +isinx) Do-2cos @ > 0 nén Z,=Z+Z c6 mét acgumen la x Logi 2: Cac bai toan xac dinh sé phite Z dya vao diéu kign vé acgumen: Thi duet : Xét cde s6 phite Z thea man digu kign laz - v2 -iv3| 1 Tim tap hgp cac diém M biéu dign s6 phite Z théa man diéu kign (1) 2/ Trong cae $6 phite da cho (tire a théa man diéu kign (1)), tim s6 phire c6 acgumen duong va nho nat Ta c6: 1 Le 7) v2 2 ee 2,52) ta diém bigu dién 6 sity bidu dign sé 8 2 Knias 22 Q) oMI= 7 ) Tir (3) suy ra tap hop ede diém bi sé phire Z théa man (1) la duréng tron tam. t 1 ban kin 160