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Sample Problems From Olympiad Inequalities Book
Sample Problems From Olympiad Inequalities Book
This book is intended as a useful resource for high school and college stu-
dents who are training for national or international mathematical competi-
tions. But anybody who is interested in elementary mathematical inequali-
ties may find this book useful. This problem solving book is divided into
six chapters, containing more than fifty topics of interest to mathematical
olympiad contestants and coaches, demonstrating ideas and strategies in solv-
ing inequalities. The reader will find in the book clever applications of well
known results as well as powerful original methods, each is explained and
illustrated by carefully selected problems.
Chapter 2 Cauchy-Schwars
The classical result of Cauchy-Schwarz is revisited with examples illustrating sophis-
ticated, at time surprising, ways to apply the inequality. Other classical inequalities such
as those of Chebyshev and Hölder are also discussed and shown how they might cooperate
with Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
Chapter 3 Convexity
This chapter utilises calculus in solving inequalities. Based on simpe properties of
linear and convex functions, systematic methods are derived to tackle some advanced
problems. Also discussed is tangent line method, which gives a geometric interpretation
of bounds.
1
Chapter 4 Homogenous inequalities
Homogeneous inequalities constitutes a large class of inequality problems. This chap-
ter discusses various approaches to solving this class of inequalities, including the tech-
niques of homogenization, normalisation, the application of Rolle’s theorem to reduce
the number of variables, the use of limits and partitions, quadratic estimations, and estab-
lishing new bounds through isolated fudging. Especially in focus are powerful techniques
to solve inequalities by the change of variables p = a + b + c, q = ab + bc + ca and
r = abc and by transforming them to one of the following forms
(1) x ( a − b)( a − c) + y (b − c)(b − a) + z(c − a)(c − b) ≥ 0,
All three, four variable symmetric polynomial inequalities can be solved using ideas in
this chapter.
It is available for sale in La Thanh Hotel where deputy leaders and contestants stay.
3
b b
4
Phạm Văn Thuận, Lê Vĩ
Olympiad Inequalities
O
b b b
a b c x
1+t
f b
3
f ( x) = ( x − a)( x − b)( x − c)
b b
5
7( x4 + y4 + z4 ) + 10( x 3 y + y3 z + z3 x) ≥ 0.
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1.
Prove that
a + b + c + d ≥ a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 + ab + bc + cd + da + ac + bd.
Problem 4. Suppose that p, q, r, s are real numbers such that the following equation has
four roots (not neccessarily distinct)
x4 − px3 + qx2 − rx + s = 0.
Prove that
2
1 s n−1 1
n(n − 1)/ 1 − ≤ f ( a1 , a2 , ..., an ) ≤ 2
+ (n − 1)(n − 2).
2 n 1 − s /4 2
√
Problem 8. Let r, a, b, c be positive real numbers, put p = 2r − 3 r + 2. Prove that
a b c 1
+ + ≤ √ .
pa + rb + c pb + rc + a pc + ra + b 1− r+r
Problem 9. Prove that if a, b, c, d are non-negative real numbers then
1 1 1 1 12
+ 2 + 2 + 2 ≥ .
a2 2
+b +c 2 2
b +c +d 2 2
c +d +a 2 2
d +a +b 2 ( a + b + c + d)2
ity? If not, have a look at this book. Do you believe that a solution for problem 9
is just a few line long with only simple reasoning? Problem 4 and 5 look intimi-
dating but we have strategies to deal with such types. Problem 3 is selected from
and nice inequalities. There is a very short and clever solution to problem 6. Can
This book offers a lot more beautiful problems together with powerful meth-
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Do not miss this book when you are in Hanoi for IMO.