Physics 51A, Winter 2005 Midterm Your Name (print) TA _ ID# Section Date: February 10, 2005 COLSED BOOK Exam © You should only have a single sheet of notes, pencils and/or pens, and calculator on your desk. © Scratch papers provided to you upon request. © Toreceive credit on word problems, you must show your work. * Chose only one answer for each multiple choice question; no partial credits for multiple choice questions. * Check to make sure that there are a total of 8 pages in your test (15 multiple choice questions and 3 word problems). Multiple Choice: 175 Word Problem #1: 19 Word Problem #2: Word Problem #3: 18 Total: /100ms ‘hoose only one answer for each proble 1, How is the sum of an electron mass and a proton mass compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom? (a) equal (@ezeaer (©) smaller (d) cannot be determined. 2 B inden entry = (anje m hydrogen 2. The number of neutrons is always greater than or equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. (@) tue @)tatse hy dwgen dete rat Rare ang atutons ancl is the Secephin . 3. Choose a statement that is true for light. (a) The speed of light increases as you move toward the light source. (b) The photoelectric effect is a manifestation of the wave property of light. Light carries momentum since it has a small mass. (@)Bragg diffraction is not possible with visible light. J The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. 2ASMB = WA Dvd awd He Spuatronw Canmet be satishred. 4. Choose the statement that is not correct. (a) Energy of a photon is proportional to the frequency, (b) Momentum of light is inversely proportional to its wavelength. (c) Momentum of light is proportional to its energy. @ The speed of light is always c ~ 3.0x10° mys irrespective of the media it is Propagating. (c) The speed of light is always given by the product of its wavelength and the frequency. ve & mz ae index 4 rere tame w5. Two events occur at the same place Xp at time t, and t, in S reference frame. What is the time interval between them in §’ reference frame which is moving with uniform velocity relative to S? (a t= t) Our (©) bt =(h- tb) (d@) t’ — t= BC ~t) (©) bt = (UB) ~ tr) oc eer 1y(b-t) Time dilahtw in S$ Smee Wt) ty-t, 16 the pepe time , 6. A meter stick moves parallel to its length with speed v = 0.6¢ relative to you. What is the length of the stick measured by you? (a) 1.25 meters Leng th Contraction « ® 8 meters 0.64 meters pe A,afi- & Ar esk” (d) 1.56 meters (ec) 1.00 meter > Dem 7. An electron moves toward a positron at rest and annihilate with each other to generate two photons. Suppose the speed of the electron is 0.8c. What can you say about the momentum and energy of the two photons? (a) Their energies are equal (b) Their momenta are equal in magnitude but point in opposite directions. Both their energies and magnitude of their momenta are not equal. 1) Their energies are equal but their momenta are not. (©) None of the above. es > 1,7? P+R- h 6 tele tpieeet Gil-aciit , E,tE, = yme™ E,2 Ymet-&, 7 &, FE,8. If the temperature of a nitrogen gas in a container is doubled, how is the average speed of the molecule changed? (a) Doubles. sm kv? pe - kT (b) Remains the same. (¢) Halved. (d))Increases by a factor of (2)'*, fe) Increases by a factor of 4, 9. If'a container is evacuated so that the mean free path of the remaining atoms in the container is much longer than the size of the container, what is the net displacement of an atom for time t if we assume the time is short enough or the size of the box is big enough such that there is no collision for the atom with the walls of the container during time t? Drvponiont os Ballade motrw (ne Cllisiene) 'b) Proportional to t!, (c) Proportional to re (d) Independent of t. Deattitre ea s (e) Inversely proportional to t!”. 10. What is the approximate radius of the path of a 30 MeV electron moving ina magnetic field of 0.05 tesla (500 Gauss)? * (a) 0.5 m. E? = (pe)? + me?) 2m. ee () 2x10 m. Eom « Ex Pe diel 7 ¢ (d) 20 eo te) 02m pe Le 2 (io dev (Abe ) "38 Tigme wes Vav(rel) : z11. If the temperature of the sun is decreased to half of its present value, how is the total intensity of light emitted by the sun changed? ¥ (a), Decreases by a factor of 1/2 I(t) = oT Oe by a factor of 1/16, (@ Remains the same. (d) Increases by a factor of 16. (e) Increases by a factor of 2. 12. What is the approximately the ratio of the shift in the wavelength for an x-ray photon scattering from a free electron to that from a free proton? eee Gy) 2,000. On = - (- ce 0) @ 1/2,000. oe (©) 1. Ld @ 0.00243. ( elector = pe = 1,836 (e) 511,000. (e>) ie Wale tron. . ~~ 2,000 13. Ina plot of the stopping potential versus the frequency of light in the photoelectric effect, what does the x-intercept tells us? C@)Work function of the metal. (b) The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons. (c) The minimum wavelength of light to observe the photoelectric effect. (@) The maximum frequency needed to eject an electron from the metal. (e) The speed of light in the metal, ht, = 4 t Xe Mcp > mk forchon14. An x-ray photon is scattered from an electron at rest. ‘The photon is observed to travel in the opposite direction after the scattering. What can you conclude about the direction that the electron is moving after the scattering? (a), Electron remains at rest since its momentum is zero, \Along the direction of the photon before the scattering. (e) At an angle that is not collinear with the photon. (d) In the same direction of the scattered photon. (e) Not sufficient information to determine since the energy of the incident photon is not specified. 9 = es eae aiite BeR-P <- eo eeey ces Beate He diechu of 15. If the spacing of the crystal plans is decreased by 20%, by how much should the frequency change if the angle for first order diffraction remains the same? (a) Increase by 20%. 2zdsmos 2D (me! ) ao Decrease by 20%. a = ee lncrease by 25%, = 2 ll = (a) Decrease by 25%, Smo = 2K" Tat (e) Should not change, FS, te have a- ®, 25) Mereaae. in Fre paneWord Problem #1; In an x-ray tube, a voltage of 10 kV is applied between the anode and the cathode. (a) (6 points) What is the wavelength of highest photon energy that is generated if the anode is Molybdenum? (b) (3 points) What is the corresponding wavelength if Platinum is used? () eV he = be a io r= be = 1240 €Ve mM -[o.¢ nm) [0,000 “Vv (2) Saas » ONeH TM, inde penser op th hawt Word Problem #2 (8 points): A box contains nitrogen molecules at a concentration n. Suppose we insert a spherical pollen into the box and watch it diffuse and measure its root mean square displacement for a time period of t. Calculate the ratio of the displacements if we had chosen a spherical pollen with twice the volume if the measurement is over the same period t and at the same temperature T? RT |. Deng = Vera x Va Ve tro ae % / a Ys» ME = (=) c= Dyns Qw Me Leys, (a (4)Word Problem #3 (8 points): As seen from earth, two space ships are traveling in the same direction with speed 0.6c and 0.8c. What is the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the faster space ship as measured by the pilot in the slower space ship? — obec (eee SO w* p- ee (08e) (0b¢) , = O2e Spee aceite. oe [- Oey fae