ARRAS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1. (@)_—- At room temperature, iron has a body-centred cubic structure. @ Draw the unit cell representation of iron. io (i) Deduee the number of atoms in one unit cell of iron No. of atoms 8x41 % =2 “ @ marks) () Ina nickel-plating experiment, after passing a current of 5.0 A through an electroplating bath ‘containing a nickel compound for 5.5 minutes, 0.50 g of metallic nickel was deposited at the cathode, Assuming thatthe current efficiency is 100%, deduce the oxidation state of nickel in the compound. ‘Quantity of curront passed through the elecopiating bath = 5.05.5 «60 = 16506 = 0017 F/00171F os No, of moles of Ni posited = 2S, ted 587 = 8.52. x 107 No.of moles of ¢” required to deposit | mote of Ni 017 ‘852x107 ‘ = 1.996 (02,007) (Oxidation state of Ni in the compound = +2/11 1 CAnvard Ve marks for Zor 24.) (G marks) * step markFApRayee368 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (© Arrange, with explanation, the following chemical species in the order of decreasing size. FO and O Sue: 0 > 0>F Explanation | ‘O and O” have the same no. of protons, but O"has one more.c". The ggeater inter-eiectronic 4 epulsion in O° causes an expansion of the electron cloud . jenced -F is larger than that of O/ of i leat charge from Ot the screening effect of t 1 ‘additional electron“. F has a smaller size than O G marks) (Explain why (the boiling point of HF is higher than that of HCI; ‘The imtermolecular attraction between HF molecules 1s H-bond which is stronger than the vd w. forces between HCI molecules wa or, Fis more electronegative than Cl, the H-bond berween Hf molecules is stronger than, (4) that berween HCI. 4) ‘HF has a higher bp. than HCL Gi) the boiting point of His higher than that of HBr. “The itermolocula froes between HT and between HBr ate both dipole-dipole wsracton’ vanes Waal's forces, HI has “ qpreater no of ‘thus it can exert a stronger attraction between motecules, SS (2 marks)ARRAS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (@) Consider the following dissociation reaction + PCI) PCh(@) + Chita) ‘At 400 K and 101 kPa pressure, the percentage dissociation of PCIs(g) is 86%. (@ Calculate Kp forthe reaction at 400 K. Poise) = PCL(e) + Cate) initial i 0 ° ex x x total = 1+ % % x PP ex ‘4 where x=0.86 and P= 101 kPa Prci, Pay Kk, =e, % Pro ar dex? = 287 kPa (290 kPa) 1 (Deduct % marks for wrong/no unit) (ii) State the effect of an increase in pressure @ — omKp, and ‘no change % Gt) onthe porventage dissociation of PCIx(a) decrease K (4 marks) (©) Account for the difference in K, values given in the following equilibrium reactions : H,SO,(aq) +H,0(0 = HsO"taq) + HSOL (aq) Ky = 7.94 » 10° mol dm? HSOrtaq + H,0() FZ H,0%G@q) + $02 (eq) Ka = 0.10 mol dm ‘The larger the K, value, the stronger the acid H,SOs is the stronger acid bocause it is more difficult to remove a proton fom a negatively ‘charged species froma (2 marks)FA BREA SB FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (©) Consider the standard reduction potentials listed below Fer Mag te ° (FRI tay E* =4040V Lag +26 F 2Tep ET s4054V Fe"(ag) +e = Fe™(aq) Ew =4W076V Explain the following observations, giving a balanced equation in each case. @ When Fe(NO)s(aq) is added to KI(aq), a brown solution is formed. ‘The reaction Fe 4 2F + Fe +h 1 has a E° value of +0,76 440.54) V= 40.22 V and is a feasibie reaction % ‘The brown solution 1s due to Is(aq) formed 4 Gi) When concentrated KF(aq) is added to the resulting solution in (i) above, the brown colour fades. reacts with Fe” and Fe™ to give (FeF,]” and [FeF.]* respectively iicheafpae coat / tone is reducest 70 colourless owas ‘ ‘The reaction UFeFes* +1, + Fer JY + 20 1 has a E* value of +014 V Le., Fe(H) is oxidized to Fe(II) and 1(0} 1s reduced to I(-1), (4 matic)(@) ey ARMS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY For each of the following materials, identify ONE inorganic compound which is an active ingredient @ photographic film : silver bromide / AgBr / silver iodide / Agi / silver chloride / AgCi @) gun powder ppotassinm nitrate(V) / KNOs Gil) bleaching powder Calcium chlorate(D) / calcium hypochlorite /CafOC)); Gv) antacid ‘magnesium hydroxide /Mg(OH); / Aluminium hydroxide / Al(OH). ‘(4 marks each for the ist and 2nd correct answers, | mark each for the ‘3rd and 4th correct answers) . @ marks) For each of the following sulphur-containing chemical species, state its shape and the ‘oxidation state of sulphor. ® mS angular / V-shaped , -2 th a) SO angular / V-shaped +4 we Gi) SO tetrahedral 5 46 G marks)FABRSXEBEBA == FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (©) Theeeffiuent from an electroplating factory contains toxic Cr40y*(aq). Suggest, with balanced ‘equations, how all chromiuin-containing species can be removed Srom the effivent before discharge. % using 80, / Na,SO) / FeSO, etc. CxO" +380," + 8H + 2CP* + 44,0+ 3802 1 of, Cr0,7 + 6Fe™ + 14H" =» 2Cr* + 6Fe” + THO o iecinitate Cr (aq) by the addition of NSO % Cr" 4308" + CKOH), 1 Remove Cr(OH)s(s) by filtration/passing through a screen (Accept any correct method to remove Cr(OH)a(6}.) 1 (4 marks)ARIAS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (@) The formuts ‘HO,CCH=CHCOH ccan represent two compounds. wo ‘Draw a structure for each compound, clearly showing the difference between them. nye H : pom 4 ; bes #~CO mH 7 Hae zo Gi) One of the compounds reacts with P,O,(s) to give compound A , Give the structure of 4 f Y o Cif stefan bike HOO CH CHCOOLO CH= CHCOLn i's given; award Vo marks fey the anhydride function. ) (2 marks) @ w ‘Draw all possible isomeric structures of dimethylbenzene, cre crs in ao oh YF wn? & Gi) Upon oxidation, one of the isomers of dimethylbenzene produces a compound with the formula CzHsO., This compound on condensation with ethane-1,2-diol gives a useful textile material B . Give the structure of B ° (-E cencmo+ m ln (foarte eter inkage, 4 marks for indication ofa poymer 5 Ye markt (for the indsiadon of g para btmzeneid compommet ) marks) erat SHELFABRSeeSBg = FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (©) @)_—_ Give the hybridization state of the carbon atoms and the bond angles in ethene. a. ° Sp os 12045 gee Gi) Outline a free radical mechanism for the conversion of ethene to poly(ethene), Your answer should include appropriate arrows to show how the new bonds are made. @ ty YN vor onto CHeCHh —> ROCH:-CH; ———> polythene) (a> Cie marks for the raat tnitiefor; Vo marks for Inditalion of a radical intermeaial 3 | mark for Correct use ef fish hook arrows.) marks) (@) Suggest, with explanation, a chemical reaction which would enable 4-methylbenzoic -medhylpiienol to be distinguished from each other and ‘Treat compound with NaHCO,(aq). Only 4-methylbenzoic acid will give COs/gas bubbles 4.4 because 4-methylbenzoic acid is a suronger acid 1 or, reaction with Br, phenol wil pve 2 whi (44) of, nuttation (reaction with dil HINO: only 4-methvipheno! will react read 34) because -OH activates the benzene ning. 4-methyiphenol 1s more reactive towards a electrophilic substtation oF, reaction with neutral FeCl.(ag). only 4-methvipheno! gives 2 violet colour 0408) because 4-methylphenol can comptex with Fe”"(aq) @ (pl measucemint doer nel mvelve a. reas .°. O marks) @ marks)ARAM FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (a) Givea structure for cach of the compounds D, E, F, Gand #7 @ ai) Gi) aw w @) Liat, CHCHCONE, ED NM, 1 Ne Br/NaOH( crycr.cons, 22 NROHGD cacacon —S0Ch cock Wo Cite OO utanat ont @ Z/CH,COH ¥ Aan [ARK : cao RESOHGD —iodomethane + sodium salt of carboxylic acid a VE 1 (5 marks)ARRAS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (b) Consider the following reactions : ‘conc, HaSO. HBr 5k eat CHyCH,COCL CHCH.CHOH on NaCeOr XO: » #0" (a red precipitate) Give structures for J, K, Ly Mand X J K aes Be (S marks)ARABS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (2) @_—_ Vegetable oils (¢.g, peanut oil) can undergo the fallowing chemical reactions to give useful solid products P and @ excess Hy/Pt Vegetable oit NaOl aug Give one use exch for P and Q .. Suggest a possible structure for F P isa hardened oil e.g., margarine / butter subs Tanti % Q isa soap 4% Possible structure of P 1 * Hr O-COCHie (2 marks for mdkietiny of a Triglyceride 5 GE-O-COCn Fn Va mats fy Re long Chain waluraied by oka ley! group with Goll no, of carbon efoms,) (Any correct structure of a saturated triglyoeride.) (ii) What is meant by the iodine value’ of a fatioil ? Todine value : the no, of grams of iodine that reacts with 100 g of the fat / oil 1 @ marks) @) Consider the reaction : R CaHzOn = ————+ Cin disaccharide 5 glucose only (} Give a chethical reagent R for the reaction. RHO" /HCKaq) enzyme % Gi) Draw a possible structure for S, clearly showing the linkage between the monosaccharide units, ot ve o pe. Keel, Xe b on on OF (A marks for each of the glucose unit; “4 marks for the glucosidic linkage.) CsTereochemsMy 1s nol repimitad ; Condidader are 11 TO Show Fhe clusabe cine (R machind \ Tueebn not % (2 marks}APRESS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY © — @_—_Explain, with the help of chemical equations, why ozone in the stratosphere is important to life on earth (©, protects us from harmful UV radiation which is used pin the following reactions; 1 hy 0; —— > 0,40 sunlight 040; + 0,+0; {) Show, with he help of chemical equations, how the presence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can influence the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, hy COLE > cc F +c Cl + 0, + C1O-+0; i ClO. +O Ch +O ‘The depletion of Os involves a chain reaction % From every molecule of CCisF, mamy Oy are destroved 4 Gi) What have CFCs been widely used for in the past ? Suggest a more environmentaliy acceptable chemical to replace CFCs. Use of CFCs : refrigerant / aerosols / solvents /foaming agents in plastic industry? % fire extinguisher eic, (Chemicals to replace CFCs : CF;CH,F / butane etc. (5 marks) END OF SECTION AFURS EI FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this Section, Write your answers in the spaces provided. 2 (@ Briefly describe how a sample of dry chlorine gas can be prepared in the laboratory. Draw a labelled diagram of the laboratory set-up and state the safety precautions) that ivare required, ‘Add cone, HCl (dropwise) to MQ, and heat the mixture, Pass the gas produced through water { e.emove HCI) and thea through conc, HaSO, to remove water vapour. Collectbys Ye downward delivery /in a pas suringe % Precaution : carry out the experiment in fume cupboard 4 3 mares for the description of the preparation and precaution (1 mark for correct reagents, ¥é marks for the removal of HCI, 4 matks for drying, % marks for the collection of C(g); ¥ marks for the precaution } (Also accept preparation using conc. HCI and KMn0,; action of acid on bleach.) Cone. HOL, . - Waller cone. Hasoy ‘Marks for the labelled diagram of the set-up 3 (C4 mars for tap funnel, 4 marks for labelling the reagents, | mark for correct set-up for washing the gas with water /c, HS. ; {I mark for coliection of the dry Ci, : downward delivery / by means of a syringe) (6) (Also acapl the action of aud on (chlorine) bleechd Cao cts / NaOCt 3 Same marting gridulnte ax Walt. above wk eprls,) (6 marks)RRA MSE FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1997 HKAL CHEM. IB ‘Algmative answer Marks 7. (@)_ectolysis of brine/concentrated NaC! solution using graphite/carbon electrodes a at anode Pass chlorine over anhsrous calcium chloride (any a appropriate drying agent) to remove water moisturc. Precaution carry out the experiment in fume cupboard % carbon elernde ‘Mates for the labelled diagram 3 (1 mark for correct set-up forthe electrolysis; 1 mark for correct se-up for drying and collection of chlorine gas, 1 mark for labelling the electrodes and reagent. Deduct “4 marks for each minor mistake.)ARBRE FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY (©) An aqueous solution contained 0.40 g of a complex salt Cr(NHL)sCl, Present in the solution required 21.90 em? of 0.150 M silver nitrate, Drecipitation, Deduce the structural formula of the complex ion pres ‘The free chloride ions (V) solution for complete ent in the sale Formula mass of Cr(NH,)sCl; = 243.2 040 No. of motes of complex = > = 164 107 1 No. of moles of free CI’ ions = No, of moles of Ag* used 1.90 « 10° x 0.150 No.of moles of free CI” No.of motesof complex i.e. , 1 mole of the complex contains 2 moles of free CT ions 1 ‘The structural formula of the complex ion is (ChaNH) CH vo ae or, a @ (4 marks)@) © RRS EBS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY @ Give the reaction con formation of benzenediazonium ion from phenylamine NaNOz (4); HCKag) (4) at 0-5°C (1) lions and the necessary chemicals/reagents required for the Gi) Benzenediazonium ion reacts with naphthalen-2-0l ro give compound 7, Give the structure of T. Ph G marks) You are provided with a minture of two liquids, hexan-I-amine (U) and ethyl ethanoatc (7). Outline an experimental procedure, based on a solvent extraction process, to enable U to be separated from W, Add gthonvethane/diethvl ether and dil_ HCI Shake in a separating funnel Ethereat layer will contain CHsCO;Cs1; Basily the aqueous layer with excess NaQH(aq) and then extract with ethes. The etter layer will contain CH,(CH2)sNH3 als Pa % G marks)© on, ARAMS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY For each of the following groups of compounds, suggest a chemical test which would enable ‘each compound to be distinguished from the other(s). In your answer also give the changes that you would expect to observe for each compound. (@ — CA\CH.CH,OH, (CHs),CHOH and (CHy),COH Lucas test cone. HCI + ZnCl: (CHy),COH exhibits rapid turbidity (Clis),CHOH exhibits slow formation of turbidity (CH;CH,CH,OH docs not go turbid ‘reat each compound with CO" / HT reaction mixture tums green zapidly with CHCH,CH.OK ; less quiciy with (CH),CHOH, takes a long time to turn green with (CH:)sCOH @) = CARCHI and CaH,CH,CL Add AgNOxaq) (or, boil with dilute NaOH: acidified with HNO, add AgNOv(aq)) CoHsCtaL gives yellow mat /ppt. wiseinnle fn tiga) CHCH,C! gives white pot /p pf. Solable tn NACo END OF SECTION B “ 5 (A) (4) CH) a (4 marks)Ages Ba FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY SECTION C Marks 9, Chemical Knowledge (10 marks) A. Introduction max = Gp. Helements : beryllium, magnesium, calcium. strontium, baritar % outermost electronic configuration of elements : ns" (4) B. Variation in atomic/physical properties of elements max ~ atomic (tonic) radius increases down the group 7 frat nization energy/sum of Ist and 2n¢ LE, decreases down the growp “enthalpy change of fusion/enthalpy change of atomization decreases down the §r0UP = metallic character increases down the group hardness decreases down the group ~ elestronegativity decreases down the grouplelectropositivty increases down the gFouP = electrical conductivity increases down the group yarianion of melting point/boiling point down the group - variation of density down the group 7 Vanation of standard reduction potential of metals variation in gold state structure of the elements Award % marks for each property mentioned and % marks for an explanation / elaboration / ‘sppropriat lustration, a leat two ofthe properties mentioned should have an explanation! celaboration/appropriate illustration) C.— Vafiation in ties of Hs max? = tendency to form dipositive cation/iose electron increases down the group — reactvity with waterinop-maetals €.g, Ha, Cl, O2 increases down the group Tendency of cation to form complex decreases down the group (excluding Be) = anion stabilization increases down the group v tendency to form covalent bond decreases down the groupttendency to form sonic bond increases down the group ~ only Mg can form ionic nutrides ~anamaious behaviour of first element (Be) = Be(OH}; / BeO is amphotenc (Award Ys marks for each property mentioned and 4 marks for an explanation / elaboration / appropriaie illustration; atleast one of the properdes mentioned should have an explanation’ celaboration/appropriate illustration) 1D. Variation in properties of compounds (the metallic cations) max. 4 For a given anion e.g. CI, latice enthalpy increases (magnitude decreasos) down the group hydration enthalpy of cation increases (magnitude decreases) down the group ~ thermal stability of ionse compounds For small anions e.g., F , OFF, thermal stability decreases down the group For large anions € g.. CO, .NO}” thermal stability increases down the group ~ solubility of compounds in water For small anions e.g. £ , Off, solubility increases down the group For large anions ¢.g., CrO," , SO." , PO,” solubility decreases down the group ~ Hydrolysis of cations : only small cations ¢.g., Be” will undergo hydrolysis Tendency to form hydrates decreases down the group (excluding Be) = Basie properties of oxides/tydroxides incteasos down the group ~ Compounds of Group Il clements in lame test jendency to form peroxide/superoxide increases down the group decent cance far ear nennerty mentioned and '4 marks for an explanation / elaboration /RRRSER SES FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY Marks E Others max] ‘= Exiraction of metals by electrolysis, except Mg by carbon reduction of oxide MgO+C -» Mg +CO Qrganization (6 marks) (%4 mark awarded) mark for GK | max for Orga. General Guidelines for Organization 109) 6 (The essay should be clearly ORGANIZED, with suitable DIVISIONS, PARAGRAPHS AND SUB- ot 3 HEADINGS. These should be clear to the reader. 2 75 ‘4 Gi) Terms mast be clearly defined. . 1 s4 3 ii) ‘The essay should be LOGICALLY organized. It 1 rust not be alist of facts 32 2 (iv) The essay should not contain a tot of 1 2 1 invelevantsuperfluous materia ° ° (%) — Noervor in labels of diagrams, spelling etc 1 ‘agsentation (4 marks) “This mark is awarded for the ability to PRESENT the organized Chemical Knowledge in a suitable, meaningful and readable form. mack for CK ‘max for presentation | 10-8 146 so <3 4 3 NOTE Marks awarded should be related to Chemical Knowledge, ‘The following are looked for EQUATIONS, DIAGRAMS AND EXAMPLES 12 ENGLISH This mark is for the ability to express clearly in English 23RRS FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY Marks 1G, Chemical Knowledge (10 marks) A Ingoduction sae. Primary amine RF; ‘Secondary amine ‘Tertiary amine R \ i NH RN ' \ R x Quaternary smmonium compound e Tt i - R-NTRT Xx ' ee (This section could also include items listed under area D, such as nomenclature, uses ete In such case, the items will carry some of the D marks) For areas B and C, ie., preparation and reactions, award 1 mark for every complete reaction, ‘A complete reaction should be more than “A+B —» Cand include one of precise conditions, mechanism, uses, generality or some additional mformation. Repeated reactions should be marked only once. B Preparation fran - From aikyl halides Ney R-Br ——> RNH: + RNH ete. ~ Reduction of nitro compounds Be eg. PRNO—? PANE: m Sn PANO: PANE ce HC} ~ From amides Br PES post; Gotan Degradation = From nitriles LAM, RCzN > RCH, NHBie st sibs) FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY Reactions max 4 ~ Alkylation ® RB / RNH, ——? RN +HBr \ H (mechanism of nucleophilic substitution) “= Acylation (reaction with acy! halide / acid anbydride) ° CH,COCL i R-NH; ———> R-NH-C-CHs ~ condensation with ketone/aldchyde cy cH, \ \ RNE+ CO > C=NHR + H,0 / 1 cH cH, salt formation with acids + RNH, +H" > RONH ~ special reactions of aromatic amines e.g, with nitricHL) acid / dizzocoupting yen’ Ph nits We pal, ie hse activating effect of NH; in electrophilic substitution Others (max. mark for each item = 1%, normally 1 mark is expected.) max 3 ~ Production of useful compounds to man (dyes. amino acids, proteins) Drugs based on amines ~ strength of bases. = nomenclanure = solubility = hydrogen bond, mp. & bp. ~ separation.‘mark for CK, BRavem2SR] FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY Presentation (4 marks) Marks General Guidelines for Organization (The essay should be clearly ORGANIZED, with suitable DIVISIONS, PARAGRAPHS AND SUB- HEADINGS, These should be clear to the reader, 2 (i) Terms must be clearly defined, 1 (iii) The essay should be LOGICALLY organized. It 1 ‘must not be 2 List of facts (x) The essay should not contain a lot of 1 invelovan/supesfiuous materiat (&) No error in labels of diagrams, spelling etc. 1 ‘This matk is awarded for the ability to PRESENT the organized Chemical Knowledge in a suitable, meaningful and readable form, NOTE : Marks awarded should be related to Chemical Knowledge. ‘The following are looked for 4 <3 mark for) max. for cK. presentation 10-8 4 16 3 2 EQUATIONS, DIAGRAMS AND EXAMPLES 12 ENGLISH This mark is for the ability to express clearly in English 25