DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: CNS stimulant Citicoline (Na) increasesCVD the blood in acute flow& Gastrointestinal •Somazine must not be Citicolin in brain and used in the treatment recovery phase, of Disorders administered along with cerbro-vascular disorderssymptoms such as & medicaments containing ischaemic stroke and head signs injury. of cerebral meclophenoxate Brand Name: insufficiency Somazine (dizziness, memory loss, poor Dosage and Route: concentration, 500mg/ cap BID disorientation, recent cranial trauma & their sequelae.)
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti-platelets agent Inhibits platelet Clopidogrel aggregation by For pain on GI: dyspepsia, •Assess for pain: type, blocking ADP integumentary heartburn, location receptors on structures, Brand Name: anorexia, nausea, platelets, myalgia, neuralgia, and pattern epigastric discomfort, Plavix preventing headache, •Note for asthma clumping of potentiation of peptic dysmenorrhea, platelets. ulcer •Monitor renal, gout arthritis, SLE, Dosage and Route: acute rheumatic Allergic: LFTs and CBC 75mg/ tab OD fever Bronchospasm, •Determine history of asthma-like peptic ulcers or symptoms, anaphylaxis, skin bleeding tendencies. rashes, urticaria Hematologic: Prolongation of bleedingtime, thrombocytopenia,leu copenia, Other: Thirst, fever, dimness of vision.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti-diabetic Decreases hepatic • Adjunct to diet and CNS: headache, • Assess patients Metformin glucose production exercise to lower dizziness, asthenia glucose level before and intestinal glucose level in therapy and regularly absorption of glucose patients with type 2 GI: diarrhea, nausea, thereafter to monitor the Brand Name: and improves insulin (non-insulin- vomiting, abdominal drug’s effectiveness. Glucophage sensitivity (increases dependent) diabetes discomfort, • Before therapy, assess peripheral glucose mellitus. flatulence, patient’s kidney Dosage and Route: uptake) • Adjunct to diet and indigestion, function, and then 500mg/ tab OD exercise in type 2 unpleasant or reassess at least DM, as monotherapy metallic state. annually. If renal or with a sulfonylurea impairment is detected, or insulin. Hematologic: expect prescriber to megaloblastic anemia switch to different anti- diabetic. Metabolic: lactic • Monitor patient’s acidosis hematologic lab test results for megaloblastic anemia. • Be alert for the adverse reactions of the drug. • Assess patient’s and family’s knowledge of drug therapy.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti-gout Inhibits the enzyme - Management of the CNS: -Assess for pain- Allopunirol responsible for the signs and symptoms Headache, Monitor uric acid levels conversion of purines of primary and drowsiness, q2 wk Brand Name: to uric acid, thus secondary gout peripheral -Monitor CBC, AST, Zyloprim reducing the - Management of neuropathy, neuritis, BUN, creatinine before production of uric patients with paresthesias starting treatment Dosage and Route: acid with a decrease malignancies that Dermatologic: -Monitor nutritional in serum and result in elevations of Rashes— status: discourage organ sometimes in urinary serum and urinary maculopapular, scaly meat, sardines, salmon, uric acid levels, uric acid or exfoliative— legumes (high purine), relieving the signs - Management of sometimes fatal gravies, alcohol and symptoms of patients with GI: gout recurrent calcium Nausea, vomiting, oxalate calculi whose diarrhea, daily uric acid abdominal pain, excretion exceeds gastritis, 800 mg/day (males) hepatomegaly, or 750 mg/day hyperbilirubinemia, (females) cholestatic jaundice GU: Exacerbation of gout and renal calculi, renal failure Hematologic: Anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, bone marrow depression
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti- diabetic May stimulate insulin For use as an adjunct - Gastrointestinal • Assess patients Glipizide release from to diet for the control disturbances are the glucose level before pancreas, reduce of hyperglycemia and most common therapy and regularly Brand Name: glucose output by its associated reactions such as, thereafter to monitor the Glutocrol liver, and increase symptomatology in nausea and diarrhea, drug’s effectiveness. peripheral sensitivity patients with non- constipation and • Patient transferring Dosage and Route: to insulin. insulin-dependent gastralgia. from insulin to oral diabetes mellitus antibiotic needs glucose (NIDDM; type II), - Allergic skin monitoring at least three formerly known as reactions including times daily before meal. maturity-onset erythema, • Be alert for the diabetes, after an morbilliform or adverse reactions of the adequate trial of maculopapular drug. dietary therapy has eruptions, urticaria, • Assess patient’s and proved pruritus, and eczema. family’s knowledge of unsatisfactory. drug therapy. - Miscellaneous: Dizziness, drowsiness, and headache.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti- hyperlipemic Inhibits HMG- CoA Idicated to: CNS: headache, • Obtain history of reductase. This asthenia. patients LDL and total Simvastatin enzyme is early (and GI: abdominal pain, cholesterol level before • Reduce the risk of rate- limiting) step in total mortality by diarrhea, dyspepsia, starting the therapy, and synthetic pathway of reducing CHD flatulence, nausea. reassess thereafter to Brand Name: cholesterol. deaths. Respiratory: monitor the drug’s Zocor • Reduce the risk of Upper respiratory effectiveness. non-fatal tract infection. • Obtain liver function Dosage and Route: myocardial test results before and 20mg/ tab infarction and periodically thereafter stroke. the therapy. • Reduce the need • Monitor pt. for for coronary and myalagia during non-coronary treatment. revascularization • Be alert for the procedures. adverse reactions of the drug. •Assess patient’s dietary intake.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Antianginal, Inhibits calcium ion For the treatment of CNS: headache, •Monitor BP for Antihypertensive influx across cardiac hypertension, chronic fatigue, somnolence therapeutic and smooth- muscle stable angina and CV: edema, effectiveness. BP Amlodipine cells, thus decreasing confirmed or dizziness, flushing, reduction is greatest myocardial suspected vasospastic palpitations. after peak levels of contractility and angina. GI: abdominal pain, amlodipine are Brand Name: oxygen demand. Also dyspepsia, nausea. achieved 6–9 h Norvasc dilates coronary following oral doses. arteries and •Monitor for S&S of Dosage and Route: arterioles. dose-related peripheral 5mg/ tab OD or facial edema that may not be accompanied by weight gain; rarely, severe edema may cause discontinuation of drug. •Monitor BP with postural changes. Report postural hypotension. •Monitor more frequently when additional antihypertensives or diuretics are added.
•Monitor heart rate;
dose-related palpitations (more common in women) may occur.
DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Anti- diabetic Binds to insulin Control of Metabolic: • Assess underlying receptors on muscle hyperglycemia in hypoglycemia, condition before starting Insulin and flat cells, lower diabetes mellitus. hyperkalemia therapy, and reassess glucose level, Skin: lipodystrophy, regularly. facilitates the cellular pruritus, rash. • monitor glucose level Brand Name: uptake of glucose, Other: allergic before starting therapy NovoLog and inhibits the reactions, injection and regularly output of glucose site reactions throughout therapy. Dosage and Route: from the liver. • Monitor pt.’s 250 mg glycosylated hemoglobin level regularly. • Monitor urine ketones when glucose level id elevated. • Monitor pt. for injection- site reactions. • Monitor pt. with an external insulin pump for erythematous, pruritic, or thickened skin at injection site. • Assess patient’s and family’s knowledge of drug therapy.