Alternates for ocean shipment

Charter shipping also known as trump

shipping.
• It is for the shipment of bulk cargo,such as grain, coal,
oil which are known to be carried in complete ship loads
• The charter vessel does not have any fixed itinerary or
fixed sailing schedule. These can be hired or engaged
to ship the firms cargo on charter basis as per the
terms and conditions of the charter party
• The contract made between the charterer and ship
owner is known as charter party and contains details of
the ship, routes methods of cargo handling
Liner shipping

• Regular scheduled vessel services between two ports

are termed as liner shipping.
• Liner shipping is used for cargo with higher unit value
and manufacture and semi manufacture goods.
• In liner shipping for determining the responsibilities
of shipper and ship owner regarding cargo loading and
discharge.
 Multi modal transportation
• It means transport of goods by atleast two different
modes of transport , such as rail, road, sea, or air on
the basis of a multi modal contract, from a place in a
country at which the goods are taken in charge by the
multimodal transport operator (MTO)to a place
designated for delivery situated in different
countries.
• MTO acts as a principal and not as an agent or on
behalf of the consumer or the carriers participating in
the multimodal transport operations and who assumes
responsibility for the performance of the contract.