In the background will be discussed on the background of the selected topics,

namely Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity).We are now in a time of change. Various

technological evolution of communication and intimation (ICT) has grown like a
mushroom after rain.

The emergence of computers in the form of intelligent and interactive type of

machinery, the main frame, mini computer and personal computer followed by a
sophisticated components in terms of applications, multimedia / animation, they form
a web portal / vortal / web-publishers, graphics, databases and industry
application ERP / MRP, technical, kejuruteraan, a variety of Operating systems and
so forth.

In addition, with the help of LAN technology, WAN - Wireless, the ARPANET, the
Intranet and Internet, peer-to-peer networks, and others also have a lot left a lot of
positive impact to the world of ICT.

There are also elements of the integration of telecommunications has led to

the creation bimbit various functions of the phone / PDA system, e-mail/chat/telepon
internet (and SMS), Smart Concept Officer (SOHO), WAP, and GPRS and eventually
Broadband System or more recognizable as causing the publication of Broadband
Phone Voice berasaskan also IP (VOIP) and other species too numerous on the
market.

Satellite technology / communications are also no less deliver more value-added

contribution to the world of ICT so as to incorporate all elements of the digital
broadcasting of radio and TV menerusi, Global Centralization System (GPS),
Geographic intimation System (GIS), satellite phones, VSAT / Waves' C ', Cell
Broadcast and others continue the way that we never think about it.
From the commercial aspect, the ICT industry from manufacturing sector accessory /
computer so perkakasan settlement systems and others have taken advantage of
and B2B/B2C e-commerce and other maximally on the top step, the second phase
and third phase.

In short, as human beings who have the capacity for creativity, we are required to
promote this world with advanced technology and the developing world. Objectives
and The purpose of this paper is making:

 To meet the assessment task

 For us to have these images on the topic that has been selected
namely Wi-Fi, and make other students can add to knowledge about
Wi-Fi.

Discussion of this paper encompasses the understanding, the goal of Wi-Fi, a way of
working, commercial Wi-Fi, strengths and weaknesses, advantages and
disadvantages of using Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi security, access to Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi future and how to
connect Wi-Fi with a PC.
DEFINITION
Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi) is short for Wireless Fidelity, has a standard set
of terms that is used for Wireless Local Networks (Wireless Local Area Networks -
WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 specification. Latest standard specifications 802.11a
or b, such as 802.16 g, is currently in preparation, the new specification offers many
improvements ranging from broad coverage to further transfer speed.  wireless
communication technology can provide the reply connection between portable
computers like laptops, PDA with internet. To connect users to the Internet, Wi-Fi
devices using low power transmitter and receiver equipped special computer chip
containing a radio modem. This computer chip can be installed on a laptop, PDA
(personal digital assistants) and cell phones.

HISTORY
This is the name of the inventor of the embryo wifi technology. Everything starts from
the discovery of electrical connection with the radio waves they produce.
Mid-19th century, The idea of wireless radio communication from the mid-century
began in 1800. This idea was pioneered by British scientist's theory 2, Michael
Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell.in 1988, Heinrich Hertz, German physicist,
practice Faraday and Maxwell's theory to make a spark-gap transmitter. The
transmitter is a device that generates radio waves from electric sparks.

1895, Italian national electricity insyiur, Guglielmo Marconi improve transmission

range Hertz and adopt technology to send and receive wireless telegraph
signals.1901, Marconi transmitter building the first transcontinental telegraph, which
has a range as far as 3400 km from Poldhu, Cornwall, England to St..  St. John's,
Newfoundland.
Specifications
802.11b 11 Mb / s 2.4 GHz b 

802.11a 54 Mb / s 5 GHz a 

802.11g 54 Mb / s 2.4 GHz b, g 

802.11n 100 Mb / s 2.4 GHz b, g, n 

In many parts of the world, the frequencies used by Wi-Fi, users are not required to
obtain permission from local regulators (eg, the Federal Communications
Commission in the U.S.).802.11a uses a higher frequency and therefore a narrower
coverage, others the same. 

Wi-Fi version of the most extensive in the U.S. market today (based in IEEE
802.11b / g) operates at 2400 MHz to 2483.50 MHz. With so allows operation in 11
channels (each 5 MHz), centered on the following frequencies: 

 Channel 1 to 2.412 MHz

 Channel 2 to 2.417 MHz
 Channel 3 to 2.422 MHz
 Channel 4 to 2.427 MHz
 Channel 5 to 2.432 MHz
 Channel 6 to 2.437 MHz
 Channel 7 to 2.442 MHz
 Channel 8 to 2.447 MHz
 Channel 9 to 2.452 MHz
 Channel 10 to 2.457 MHz
 Channel 11 to 2.462 MHz 

Technically operational, Wi-Fi is one variant of communication and information

technology that works on the network and devices WLAN (wireless local area
network). In other words, Wi-Fi is a certification trademark given to
telecommunications equipment manufacturers working in WLAN networks and has
the capacity to meet the quality required interoperasi. 
Internet technology-based Wi-Fi built and developed in the United States a group of
engineers who worked at the Institute of Electrical and Electronis Engineers technical
standard based on numbered device 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.16. Wi-Fi devices
are not only able to work on WLAN networks, but also on the Wireless network
Metropolitan Area Network. 

Because of technical standards for devices with 802.11b WLAN devices intended for
use in the 2.4 GHz frequency or frequencies commonly known as ISM (Industrial,
Scientific and Medical).As for devices 802.11a technical standard and the 802.16
WMAN device designed for, or also called Wi-Max, who works at around 5 GHz
frequency band.

Purpose
Wi-Fi made with the aim to bring convenience and practicality of the
technology user community. Wi-Fi because it is associated with freedom of Wi-Fi
technology gives the user the freedom to access the Internet or data from
mentaransfer meeting rooms, hotel rooms, campus, and cafes are marked "Wi-Fi Hot
Spot". Wi-Fi makes the community does not need to bother anymore to install the
cable network. Wi-Fi has a purpose for use on mobile devices and LANs, but at this
time is more often used for Internet access. This allows anyone with a wireless
computer or PDA to access the Internet within reach of the access point.  A
geographic area that tercover by one or several access points is called hotspot.

Wi-Fi Hardware
 In order to install and operate a WiFi system properly, you must have the correct
hardware. WiFi hardware comes in a multitude of varieties and functions.

- PCI Wi-Fi
is the bus that is designed to handle some hardware. PCI also is a popular
high-bandwidth, processor independent bus can function as a bus or a bus
peripheral, WiFi PCI cards are designed for use with most desktop computers
and connect to any free internal PCI slot.
- USB Wi-Fi
is a serial bus standard for connecting devices, usually to computers but also
used in other devices like game consoles, mobile phones and PDAs.
USB system has an asymmetrical design, which consists of a host controller
and a connected equipment in the form of trees by using special hub devices.
Using ultra-wideband technology, wireless USB is designed to provide the
same 480 Mbits/sec data rate as USB 2.0 within two meters or 110 Mbps
within 10 meters. Although it can be used with desktop computers, wireless
USB makes it easy to connect and disconnect USB peripherals from a laptop.
- Hotspot Wi-Fi
Public access wireless local area networks or lans. can use a laptop, WiFi
phone, or other suitable portable device to access the wireless connection.
ADVANTEGES AND DISADVANTAGES Wi-Fi

Computer network is a collection of desktop computers, laptop, or printer

lainnyaseperti network devices with the main objective is to share data exchange at
each other, use the same printer, and so he could communicate with each other. So
basically a computer network is to share and exchange data, and if adakoneksi
broadband internet, all computers can be connected to the internet by using only one
Internet connection, and if there is a communication tool like email - it is all
connected to the network can be exchanged e-mail and even chat with each other.
Computer networks offer much flexibility in your work and spend time with your
computer and other electronic devices with a network of support that you wake up
you will generally get many benefits including :

 With all the existing computers in the network, you can share / share
broadband internet connection so that everyone can browse the internet
simultaneously.
 Can sharing a variety of documents and files including music, video, photos,
etc.
 Save all files documents, music libraries, video, digital photos, other
documents in one place which can be accessed by sharing or even be given a
safety who could read and write, or who can access what files.
 You can secure your computer network with centrally from attacks and
security threats from the Internet.
 Bias frugality with the use of printer, scanner, plotter, and other peripherals
simultaneously.
 With Storage area network, you can concentrate data storage and other
documents into it and you can manage with administration as needed, Etc..

There are two types of networks that you can choose, cable network (wired) and
wireless networks. You can choose which match the conditions and your needs, you
can even combine the two. Both these networks each have advantages and
disadvantages.
 The principal advantage is not using the wireless network in a communication
cable, but uses radio waves, like cordless telephones. The upside is the nature of
high mobility and is independent of the cables and connections remain. Profit can we
learn with this wireless network is generally as follows:

 Free work from anywhere and be mobile, providing affordable by this

wireless network.
 There is no limit cable or fixed line networks, so do not need a data cable
which is sometimes inconvenient to you so that save time.
 Installation is relatively quick and easy.
 Easy development.

Wireless networks are also commonly referred to as Wi-Fi - wireless Fidelity,

which allows you to use your computer anywhere in your home for as long as the
wireless network coverage.Even in public places too is now provided many services
such as hotspots in cafes, in airports, in hotels, in places of business.

Here are the other advantages of Wi-Fi:

 Allows LANs to spread without cable, reducing the strength of the price and
distribution network expansion. Places where cable can not be started, such
as open space and historical buildings, can host wireless LANs.
 Wi-Fi products can be extended in the market. Different types of access points
and network interface in an interoperable client base level of service.
 Wi-Fi networks support roaming, where a mobile client station such as a
laptop computer can move from one access point to another as users move
around a building or area.
 Wi-Fi is a global set of standards. Unlike carries cellular, Wi-Fi client works in
different cities around the world.

One of the disadvantages in using Wi-Fi is a very expensive cost of installing the
access point for Wi-Fi or also called Hot Spot. The costs for installing the
components of Wi-Fi is three or four times more expensive than wired LAN
installations.
Here are the other disadvantages of Wi-Fi:

- WiFi networks have limited range

- The most common wireless encryption standard, wired equivalent privacy or
WEP has been shown to be breakable even when it has been correctly
configured.
- Access points could be used to steal personal and confidential information
transmitted from WiFi consumers.
- Free access points can be used by the malicious to anonymous to initiate an
attack that would be extremely difficult to track beyond the owner of the
access point.

STEPS TO SET UP Wi-Fi

Previously, please note that there are 2 ways to connect between a PC with a
wireless system that is Adhoc where 1 PC connected to 1 PC connected to each
other by name or SSID (Service Set Identifier). The SSID alone is not another name
of a computer that has a card, a USB or wireless device and each device must be
given a separate name as identity. 

Adhoc system is a peer to peer system, in the sense that one computer is
connected to 1 computer with the SSID to know each other. When the described
system may be easier to imagine direct connection from 1 computer to another
computer using the 1 Twist pair cable without HUB device. 

So there are 2 computers with Wi-Fi device can be directly connected without
a tool called the access point mode. In Adhoc system no longer recognize the central
system (which is usually enabled on your Access Point). Adhoc system requires only
1 piece computers that have the SSID name or simply the name of a network on a
card / computer. 

Can also use the MAC address of the system BSSID (Basic Service Set
Identifier - this way is not common), to get to know a machine name directly. Mac
Address generally been given a special number sign or separate from each network
card or device including the wireless network. Adhoc system is advantageous to use
such temporary network connection between 2 computers although there are nearby
Access Point a tool at work. 
 SSID is a name of network card or USB card or PCI card or Wireless
Router. SSID is just a name to give a sign of where the name of a device is
located. BSSID was another name of the SSID, the SSID provided by the user such
as "pcsaya" on a computer that other computers are being used and made the name
"pckamu". While using a base BSSID MAC address. Do not get too confused with the
new term. When a wireless connection to connect to each other, both must use the
Adhoc setup. If there is room around the Access Point device, need to be reminded
to change the frequency band so as not to compete with each other strong signals
emanating within a room. 

The second most common system is Infra Structure. Infra Structure system

requires a special tool or can be used as access points through software when using
the device type Wireless Network PCI card. 

Similar to Hub Network which brings together a network but within the Access
Point device would indicate a central network by providing a signal (the broadcasting)
radio to be accepted by another computer. To portray connections on Infra Structure
with a minimum of a network access point wireless network has a single point on a
computer where others who seek to receive signals for entry into the network to be
interconnected. System Access Point (AP) is the most widely used because each
computer you want connected into the network can hear the transmission from the
Access Point. 

Access Point that provides signs of whether this is any place to have Wi-Fi
network and continuously transmits its name - the Service Set Identifier (SSID) and
can be received by other computers to be known. The difference with cable network
HUB, HUB uses a cable but does not have a name (SSID). While the Access Point
does not use the cable network but must have a name which is the name for the
SSID.

These are diagram of Wi-Fi

Security
These companies generally use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to protect
their access using Wi-Fi facilities. VPN can create a secure virtual tunnel between
employee computers and corporate servers. By using VPN, Internet access via Wi-Fi
is limited and secured.

In addition to using a VPN, Wi-Fi also has to provide security facilities such as
Remote Access Dial-Up User Service (RADIUS). Simply put, Radius only request
your username and password to gain access to the internet.
In addition to VPN and Radius, there are other simple ways to improve security in Wi-
Fi, that is by using firewalls. Firewalls prevent unauthorized access from outside to
enter the network.

Conclusion
That way it can be concluded that business and the quantity of Wi-Fi users
tend to increase the positive impact on the economy of a country, including
Indonesia. Government to address this phenomenon wisely and carefully. Section,
users in a new area can use the Wireless Internet system with optimal if all the
devices used in these areas have a uniform transmit power and limited. 

If these prerequisites are ignored, it can certainly be harmful interference

occurs between devices and Internet users also other telecommunication system
device that will make the frequency band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz could not be used
optimally. 

Another limitation of this second frequency band (particularly 2.4 GHz) is used
for the purposes of the ISM (industrial, science, and medical). Consequently, users of
radio communications and other telecommunication device that works on frequency
bands must be prepared to accept interference from ISM devices. Because of the
limitations and the impact that could arise from the use of two frequencies are so
many countries impose regulations that restrict the transmit power of the devices
used.