A 246-km continuous running race causes significant changes in bone metabolism

After a 246 km run, the serum levels showed reduced osteocalcin levels and the
decreased bone density levels were indicated by resorption marker called CTX.
Also, RANKL, a osteoclastogenesis stimulator, was found along with osteoprotegerin at
high levels after the race.

Cortisol has also been known to reduce bone density.

Long-term treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

with strontium ranelate:
Results at 8 years

Stronium Ranelate, an oral anti-osteoporosis drug, when infused over the course of 8
years, reduced risk of fractures considerably. It stimulated OPG/RANKL to increase bone
density.
What about osteoma or bone spurs?

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears

(Ursus americanus) prevent trabecular bone loss during
disuse (hibernation)

Trabecular bone is more susceptible to reduced density than

cortical bone. However, in humans, the recovery time for such
disuse over even a short time period is twice that of the bears
over six months.

Bears’ neuro-endocrine system reduces their bone turnover

since it is a metabolically expensive process, especially during
hibernation.

They maintain their calcium levels involved in both process of

absorption and resorption, in order to prevent hypercalcemia.
Still, they seem to have a balanced pattern of bone turnover.
Increased parathyroid hormone and decreased serotonin may
be implicated in fortifying the osteoblastic cells to survive
signals for apoptosis.

The latest research indicates that most techniques to control

bone revolves around stimulating bone resorption or formation
via RANKL/OPG. But are such treatments site specific or with
general skeletal system?