Infectious Diseases of the Ears

3 pathways for pathogens to enter the ear

- Through the Eustachian (auditory) tube; From the throat and nasopharynx
- From the external ear
- By the blood or lymph

OTITIS MEDIA – infection of the middle ear.

OTITIS EXTERNA - infection of the outer ear canal.

Infectious Diseases of the Eyes

CONJUNCTIVA – the thin, tough lining that covers the inner wall of the eyelid and the schlera.

CONJUNCTIVITIS – an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva.

KERATITIS – an inflammation or infection of the cornea (the domed covering over the iris and lens).

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS – an infection that involves both the cornea and conjunctiva.

Genitourinary System

Consisits of the following:

- Urinary tract (upper and lower UTIs)

- Genital tract

Infectious Diseases of the Urinary Tract

UPPER UTI:

NEPHRITIS – inflammation of the kidney.

PYELONEPHRITIS – inflammation of the renal parenchyma.

URETERITIS – inflammation of the ureters. Usually caused by the spreading of infection upward from the
urinary bladder or downward from the kidneys.

LOWER UTI:

CYSTITIS – inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by E. Coli.

URETHRITIS – inflammation of the urethra. Pathogens are usually transmitted sexually. The most
common causes of urethritis are Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ureaplasmas and
mycoplasmas.

PROSTATITIS – inflammation of the prostate gland in males. Caused by pathogen may be bacterium, a
virus, a fungus, or a protozoan.
Infectious Diseases of Genital Tract

BARTHOLINITIS – inflammation of the bartholin’s duct in females.

CERVICITIS – inflammation of the cervix (that part of the uterus that opens into the vagina).

ENDOMETRITIS – inflammation of the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall).

EPIDIDYMITIS – inflammation of the epididymis (an elongated structure connected to the testis).

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID) – inflammation of the fallopian tubes; also known as salpingitis.

VAGINITIS – inflammation of the vagina. Caused by C. albicans.

VULVOVAGINITIS – inflammation of the vulva (the external genitalia of females) and the vagina.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the Genital Tract

- VIRAL STDs
- BACTERIAL STDs