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Hidrogenación
Asimétrica 11/2010
Hidrogenación asimétrica
[2] Kagan, H. B.; Fiaud, J. C. Top. Stereochem. 1988, 18, 249.
[3] a)Hanessian, S., Total Synthesis of Natural Product, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983.2.
b) Arnold, D; Drover, J. C. G.; Vederas, J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 4649.
[4] Kaufmann, D.; Boese, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 545.
Hidrogenación
Adición de H2
La mas común
[5] Hudlický, Miloš. Reductions in Organic Chemistry. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 1996., pp. 429.
Hidrogenación asimétrica
William S. Knowles
Monsanto, USA.
Ryoji Noyori
Universidad de Nagoya, Japón.
Barry Sharpless
Scripps Institute, USA.
J. Halpern
Halpern,, J.Harrod
J.Harrod,, and B. R. James [9]
[8] a) M. Calvin, and M. Polanyi. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1938, 34, 1181; b) M. Calvin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 2230.
[9] J. Halpern, J. F. Harrod, B. R. James, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 753.
Catalizador de Wilkinson (1965) [10]
[10] a) Wilkinson J.Chem. Soc. (A) 1966, 1711; b) J. F. Young, J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, G. Wilkinson, Chem. Commun. 1965, 131.
Selectividad por el
sustrato [11]
[12] a) Halpern., Chem. Comm. 1973, 629. b) Halpern., J. Mol. Catal . 1976, (2)65.
c) Halpern., Inorg. Chim. Acta. 1981, (50)11.
Selectividad
Alprostadil
Diasteroselectividad [16]
[16] a) Rousseau., J. Mol. Cat., 1979, 5, 163; b) Jardine Prog. Inorg. Chem., 1981 , 28, 63; c) Lowary ., O.L., 2000 , 2, 167.
Los efectos de grupos sustituyentes [17]
R. R. Schrock
CH2Cl2
H
CH3
CH3 positive charge on Ir is important OH
R to attract the partial negatively
charged OH group. One also needs
O the presence of an empty orbital No favoresen la catálisis
H H
Ir
[22] Crabtree., J.O.C. 1986, (51) 2655.
¿ Y la cantidad de catalizador?
[25] a) L. Horner, H. Winkler, Annalen. 1965, 685, 1; b) L. Horner, W. D. Balzer, D. J.Peterson, Tetrahedron Lett. 1966, 3315; c) O. Korpiun, K. Mislow,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 4784; d) O. Korpiun, R. A. Lewis, J. Chickos, K. Mislow, J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4842; e) K. Naumann, G. Zon, K. Mislow,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.1969, 91, 7012.
Ligantes trifenilfosfina remplazados por
fosfinas quirales
[25]
[25] a) L. Horner, H. Winkler, Annalen. 1965, 685, 1; b) L. Horner, W. D. Balzer, D. J.Peterson, Tetrahedron Lett. 1966, 3315; c) O. Korpiun, K. Mislow,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 4784; d) O. Korpiun, R. A. Lewis, J. Chickos, K. Mislow, J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4842; e) K. Naumann, G. Zon, K. Mislow,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.1969, 91, 7012.
[26]
[26] a) L. Horner, H. Winkler, A. Rapp, A. Mentrup, H. Hoffmann, P. Beck, Tetrahedron Lett. 1961, 5, 161-166; b) O. Korpiun, R. A. Lewis, J.
Chickos, K. Mislow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4842-4846.
Ligantes trifenilfosfina remplazados por fosfinas
quirales [27]
Phenylalanine (80% ee
ee))
[27] a) W. S. Knowles, M. J. Sabacky, Chem. Commun. 1968, 1445; b) L. Horner, H.Siegel, H. Buethe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1968, 7, 942. c) H. B.
Kagan, T. P. Kang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6429; d) M. D. Fryzuk, B. Bosnich. "Asymmetric synthesis. Production of optically active amino acids by
catalytic hydrogenation". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 6262–6267; e) http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/#
Síntesis comercial de L-
L-Dopa mediante
hidrogenación catalítica asimétrica (1968-
(1968-74
74)) [28]
WRONG product
[29] Halpern., Science, 1982, 217, 401.
See commentary in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4611.
BINAP (1980)
1974
(2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl)
[30] a) A. Miyashita, A. Yasuda, H. Takaya, K. Toriumi, T. Ito, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7932;
b) A. Miyashita, H. Takaya, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, Tetrahedron. 1984, 40, 1245; c) K. J. Brown, M. S. Berry, K. C.
Waterman, D. Lingenfelter, J. R. Murdoch, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4717.
BINAP (1980)
1976
1980
RYOJI NOYORI
ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS: SCIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES
Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2001
T. Ohkuma M. Kitamura
[32] a) A. Miyashita, A. Yasuda, H. Takaya, K. Toriumi, T. Ito, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 7932.;
b) K. Toriumi, T. Ito, H. Takaya, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B, 1982, 38, 807.
“ the reaction is relatively slow,
and high enantioselectivity is
obtained only under special
conditions “
[32] a) A. Miyashita, A. Yasuda, H. Takaya, K. Toriumi, T. Ito, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 7932.;
b) K. Toriumi, T. Ito, H. Takaya, T. Souchi, R. Noyori, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B, 1982, 38, 807.
BINAP - Una Molécula Fantástica
[34] a) Akutagawa, S (1992). "A practical synthesis of (-)-menthol with the Rh-BINAP catalyst". Chirality Ind.: 313−323.
b) Kumobayashi, Hidenori; Sayo, Noboru; Akutagawa, Susumu; Sakaguchi, Toshiaki; and Tsuruta, Haruki (1997).
"Industrial asymmetric synthesis by use of metal-BINAP catalysts". Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 12: 835−846.
Síntesis asimétrica del mentol (1984)
Mosquito Lifecycle
[36] M. Kitamura, M. Tsukamoto, Y. Bessho, M. Yoshimura, U. Kobs, M. Widhalm, and R. Noyori., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124 (23), 6649–6667.
Hidrogenación Asimétrica de Olefinas
Funcionalizadas (1986)
[37] T. Ohta, H. Takaya, M. Kitamura, K. Nagai, R. Noyori, J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 3174.
Hidrogenación Asimétrica de Olefinas
Funcionalizadas (1986)
Applications of BINAP–
BINAP–Ru catalyzed
hydrogenation of olefins
[38] Noyori, Takaya, Inorg. Chem., 1988, 27, 566; J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 3174.
La Lista de Substratos se Extiende a Varias
Cetonas
Asymmetric hydrogenation of
functionalized ketones catalyzed by
(S)
S)--BINAP
BINAP––Ru dihalide complexes
(X = halogen
halogen).
).
Antibiótico quinolónico de 3ra generación.
Applications of BINAP–
BINAP–Ru catalyzed hydrogenation of ketones
ketones..
[39] a) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, T. Ohkuma, R. Noyori, Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4163; b) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, T. Ohkuma, R. Noyori, Org. Synth.
1993, 71, 1; c) K. Mashima, K. Kusano, N. Sato, Y. Matsumura, K. Nozaki, H. Kumobayashi, N. Sayo, Y. Hori, T. Ishizaki, S. Akutagawa, H. Takaya, J. Org. Chem.
1994, 59, 3064. The halogen-containing Ru complexes are also effective for asymmetric hydrogenation of various functionalized olefins.
Hidrogenación Asimétrica Vía
Resolución Cinética Dinámica
CH2Cl2
[43] Noyori, Takaya, J. Am. Chem. Soc.., 1987, 109, 1596; J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 708.
a) Nonclassical metal
metal––ligand bifunctional
mechanism and conventional 2 + 2
mechanism.
b) Catalytic cycle of hydrogenation of ketones with a RuCl2 (PR3)2 (NH2CH2CH2-NH2) / strong base
combined system in 2-propanol
propanol.. X = H, OR, etc
etc..
2-propanol/alkaline
base system
A formic acid/triethylamine
acid/triethylamine
mixture often serves as a
better reducing agent
( Cp*2LuH)2
Tobin J. Marks
PPh3
Cl PPh3
Ru
R + alkene
Ph3P H
PPh3 PPh3
Cl PPh3 Cl PPh3
Ru Ru
Ph3P Ph3P H
H R
H
R
PPh3
Cl PPh3
Ru
Ph3P
R
[48] http://www.takasago.com/technology/asymmetric/index.html#
[49]H.U. Blaser, F. Spindler and M. Studer, Appl. Catal.: A General, 2001, 221, 119. J.G. de Vries in Encyclopedia of Catalysis, I. Horvath, ed. 2003, Vol 3, p 295.
. [50] Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 908-918