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510 Less 'of '~!Ql'b1~' ~J" m",~l'Iit ~1~PI?]Y ~n [It~ lfi~blJy

n.~ :if '!be' baek~p fU'~~ :i~, alb~lt: .~~d. ~ rn!)l:~ p,ru~ti.~p "!i~l<j; !h~n t{lt~i1" ,i~i a p.:)Ssibf~Hy' 0~ :se\jjeJ:~ da:milge ~Q i~.e' gy3t~n

t\[h""""'l th ... '!'!!tri'm~"'w' 1T'!;~'f,(,,"'I'" 1!'i '-n,.J .... ~'I!dj ~il!'V -. ';:"'M" ,t':'"If'1' _. '"'"Ii" , ........ :1 ... , • n,'i"'''',-;'!=: r. I~ 'II

~n _~ ,,,", I: ~ -~~JI' I' ~u-b.I!.; .... _V""~ 1L~~ !J11,~_U!;_~i!M b'~",~~~d - I.! .!!~- ~ J .. U'!,QI~,~l!,!_lJILC~ ~r,'" "~,I, I.,i!;}~l, '" I i!.!!

b.lmuF,'t "ml~~oo ilCts hb :.11 mt~Ln 'pJ.'ot~lu,. ~_~ ;l_'[j'f., fiJ~e:rf;l_t"ju' I@{: l~ckl~pl :~ffitec~~''!,:·l·' ~iJLl-m~ [!'h~~~d. IDc' 's,.ud~ U\at [Iw f~U'!!!!w Ln mam p:rot~tifllu :.Ih~!lhm .J'Hlt c.\y~ It'h~ fl'l~JU~,[A hack u,f p:--rote'~i'tT]lIj a3, "r,e:ll l:bis :I~' 'Si:ii~Srled 'if back l1jp re +lriins dif~d pFi~." r:rt"la:';n~; d.tl :not :hBlve ,a-nythiFilg; tommM" He~ S$et,~lty b~lblJr :pJi"~it&:tiQn :~gj, IG(1ifeitJ a~ dj~k~~ s~~:tfon~, f~Im 1_ IPrJ~ry :ptn~~- f:ro.m th~ l(lust and ~o.oor:ny pt~it1JJ, {J,~ '~!mwr me, ~ackiUlp, pm~_, '~5' emp:~oyed GRliY flilt:r d1e prut,~~ flgai~~' :i5.h.utt dr(~ i~ !!l_iliild mJ~ ~nr ,IToy other'· ~iIfl~a'l tOQItdidrfiAsi.

i.A,·11 Conel pt: of Baclu.lp, IRI larl no

1 {Jft~.: ~f t~,~~, b!l~ki_-up ~~-~~yif~l;~ ~m.p~j],y.oo £~r' '~~ t1lU1!~rn r~t~n i~ ~lion I~F ,~S, si~own rnn [~i]' :F:iJ,g" ],.310

..... r

Tl8!'1:5!~1 li~

FII, 1,3 !Klup, ~I"gl

Tillie' rt1~a lf~ ,C. D'I C a~ IH lIin~' ,pF;im~(t n'll~iN, whU~' AI" D" ~ .1M J a i'l.!' U!ti· 'b~1 r;:kup ,ilt! i:a;If',Sc

~-

'''iI'I.,.~ 'il.:-. ""i~ ':: ~~ -~riili1&' :'-~~-'~l I'C"""",,,Eli...j_., 'ilf:im~'-----:-~" R""),~~!ioi.o')Wl'io 'W':if.'""4"'1 ~hO';' 'I"iir.hna!li'~·' m~~lll'''''_ Ii ,~1'!!;: ~ii'I: .... :tIi.,Up l'E1~a" _~(!!I illlLe[li PI,V;Jl' IU'E3 ,r-~'-~-'fJ !F,I,!UI\II~IU!l;.'r,l ~ ~'~1!.~ l~ __ '1iii r ~ -~- -.!!I '1 ~ _ L~hl!';;;P

,).~ '~_:Jll!ll of ~!f'IJUIllC leI' J:ep\a'ilffi.

Ii 1:!j1 f 'b .... iOUIS, lib] ~ ""~~liiIl ,t:h~ ;~a{'ki.!ip mdJillf 1U'pe,Illh:,~j the l.!lf: ~~ poll rt i!J& 'l.h . :o.::y";'iOh_'"D'Ii ls ~~mi.'t:: ~l"'dl.

l~~ :~m,pol'~iI~ ~ K"1!fY~Rlm~'-ld' uf b_,ac __ ~p mbl,y ~ng i~ l~iIm~,lI: iW' R1US~ 'D,~r .. , t~, "i1t.h ;~~ Fi!1;i~'4~~: time de~al}r :so' ~h~~' the ,p,rnma r!l relaJimg ~s g3¥~, ;!l ~Mn ~' to IO:~~i"~IW.. ~~'h~~ f:ati~t oc-io]j;rs.. '001'1:\ I~_ 't}l'pe of' ]'-el~lfs ;sta~ts, ,~c:la,y,~ng' QP:!H'a:t~On. ~1!ajt .rI-~m~fy ls ex~, ~ 'bilfl r..~s;~: ,~Ad. ~u:k~up 'W~:~[ '~hU:ln. ~' Wii~h{l~,t h~"'!_j)i[:g; h~d '~~e' t,~ ~c,mpl~i?!;" ,i ts ~ .!!ying up~·[,i'llli_l!I~.

'W ~'CtrI, Itht:, gi'!JvftL ~~' .. f rif.:~~~Yi'i' ~,n:fil,q~di!:5 ~ b~~iUp If):roh-l .~ ~ Ir~!iI' S\;'V.·f' II a(~~C\,'m~lt

,,~ j;. ,""'1"'-, .... -. :I...... 1;'1"''' '" -I 1"'f~I' "...:1_ ... :-;- ------.] 'OF" "'i:f "",;: '''I''"'ii.'' "",'::,, ,.'L_.-:; ,,'Il.,' r,111 :~~I ~;u- .. -;o" -I~" .,'1.,,,

'I.i,;:,;~'!;, mL'I ICilJ1:l111Ullili . ~.-li.~:1~ "U: i:! n·~~-.:Ji" .. ~-nuudi) In ,.Qj,!.~~~~~ u,ll 4!!1JLU_.1T v:!i' ~ - '.'qll_ '!:i!: l~ r.JIlL'lLd:, !!;_n~

~r" t;c~'tte de I ~}. I )f lfi'lrne ,~~,v·etl ~iliG.kl!J.!lp IA."I_Jiy!il~ ~

'~,.O Methods 0 [Ba~ku:p Protadron

the' '¥'air,~tlilH'j, ~~ud_s 'u~ fm: 'ti;!£' ~c~ 1~'Q_lk~fI) a_li\~ ,da:Sc'$'m:l):d ,a.s~,

'to JRCl'laIY' BiI(kup rmh:~Ug :~ kl ~I ~C'rn~~, ,r1! sb,glc' [~~'I.'.l~er is, 'U3L-rl by H~~ Pt"Ulilh r.)1 .1'5; ~ ell II:) l'i i'i,c,k,up pnitl'dljJul bl~~ ~h_,· h\'o FH·O!\@CtiL~~ sysh:filiI's! ~ .. I,i F,Fr:; [;iPn,I'.

~. B m~lkli~';r Ba(f!ll:up Pmt>ttUom, : bill '~nis ~l!tocll' lsep~m Wi" brea ~erffi, ,~~e :pr-o:v~ (!led (,ll}1l" p:r.irtll.jli'r.y ,~i:'I1_d, bfi_d;-nlI P prli'~t~ttan. BolEro ~~;f1' types ;Q~ bre;;]'~ell"-:B aire ,a:~' th:e Si.um~' is<~:I] tiiO\i:'fL,

3- R~m~'k' IfJ.a~b P' PT,~~n~n\ ~ ~H ~~is, trmcthfKi.. ~~1 rate fufJ'Cil_kcrs are p~,~ cirl'id tmii' !p:r~I:ID['y ,iil_fUJ 'bJ;~iili,p protu;tl@JiiL; lhc:1 iwy t~~-";!Il ,tJf bNil~'- " dlV ,~t d~j; lm1f~r~~' ~ t.Jif;itm.iIIi, ,tu'i.d ,~(t'. oo_rnIIP'~d~ly i!';l~]L~]I!~,.::md mde~~d~'illIl liil_ P-.1 d1i !!Ai t~lt~r.

4.' ~i1l!t!f'li1'n,~u~rd;;m.a;t~d B3c'kuiP Ptoftdion. t TiM!, lihtto m~h~l. P r~ i'DliarS' [Jr(li~~,-t1{!ifli ls ~t, ~t'"~l!I,~ ~tlti'!;~ fi~" T]rJ~.e',re' iSi ,I eml'r,iIi I 'cOO~r;Q~~ ,rm~1:i ,;lnd b~it:'~jU"p :prot~t~on I~J!' .::l'~~, tJL~ stations, ii::s, rIa~' 'CffiiL'ttid mAfniII! lroom. C'm.'~lll (j!OOilitro~ litoll!~irlilJouS!~y ~~ts, ~'Im.c' ~n[;Ki IfI!l)~! au~ ffeqllIene,' :in Ihi!: ~,)~rem. If atlml)l' Itile:m~FIi~ (:IF !l11l,Y- r-a'r.~' ,~f ~hc' "}fB;tIl,iH ~.uls. [1iJ),;l~ 1'~illW ~-ets, ,1 tfifm 00, 'w'hic-'~, b, :s~J1t!iL~ ~y 1~1&l!' rCon~i!:',ol ~m. ~ !G1~fjl! ~ ~'OI ~U1I rilr!,!' ',,~m~~~ t~ IOJ .'11 l&'iitlll '~11;\piY:lcl!'["j, '!I"'1~ ijJ~1 d(l ~dt' th~' W,"ropcJi" .' ~ !(,~~clf1i~~g 11 I ~" n. T~-" :wLlcthOOJ ~ Ilhu. wn~'"d ~n;';f'J(]y roD!:!g{~n~d lb '~",jp j:lir((lit(!( t1{n·Jr!l

~ur~~~ t},~ ~~.'u'l~ ~~lude ~h~~tca1 [r~ ~~ ~Rl .. ,!I~~deDt~~. [e~~ i\i~ mte~l, !l;~1jd e>rtl!m!lru SI1;~S;5e:L De imp~I ~f '~H lPad\o~ !hi the [f.a~n: :is lQ'w Qd ~he: fa~lt: ellr~~ .:!j\l'

""~. '.; ·n.'''''i''''''iI;:",:"", Ill"",.: ~a'i'a,' e, 'l"'L,1 ,,'~ .1 '~" " '. I""""'" 'l"lil , :""t,. ,iilli..~ ;iillo:!:'IFJI,~!i:ii ...... ,i;~, 'l;'NAIic, ~l '"d:~',;1 i'io~:, ,,~, 'f:,",·:·~t . I "¥.·lll "" ........ r ..... ' .. u ',", ",iii., iii .• ~.. ;1,:1;';: I{,~"""'l~!!.';;r,.,l~ v'!!' Yil!'!; ~_~'~~,! "'''' ,nv~, .,.V\lII!ftll •.. 't:',I'1tlU .... S iii! . aUL Il!l1~u

i~ !Sih~;s, some [i!if§~1 ~l'~h !a"" ,&:"'l~~i'iJ''\i'" [ l~ t tI~~,. ~.' ·~.·.~h· ,f: ~ .. ~, . .

'. . ,I, ~ ~', .. '.~ ~~, ' '"" ..... ~ _ _,;L!' ~"':I!<;.;:!!.!I.f.! If.1IiIL~II~II!L'.J1~ 1;IO'!,\'!,i or r.~""""uU"n O. !LmI,~~ .... iJ:IH)~

be1.~·~1 [m~d'y;d:of51 Olr' ~ ee~ 'OOrtd;~ffi ,~ ~~~

'~~~!!.Iit ,~ fa'w;t [ooC'W'S QD ~ "y:.~'Cm. dt~ v@u.~g~ ~}f U1.~I 't~nl'1i:' pb.a~ls m~~rm~ inlbal~m~d;I .As[ ~'he f{juh' ~~mrtnlt5 ~'OO' ~ ti~r. '~C' [iiii.p.~·r;atu~ n\\~~i ~t dil m~ig·cd! 'fhc lI!I~~" of pGWRf ItS, dj.~trterl 'l~ard$ 'tht 1~auU: 'lIiMiliwich ~ fi«l:5 'lh€ S~pp.it~1 li~1 Ih~ ru~~g,~ibo'~ri~g ~~

A l~wW S'!lS~ ~i'~ M ~iliDe(aro~ t-'o!Url~fwm~.,,""·-Jbi~~arr·.". ~rr~nii!;m,"-~',::,_ ,-,a-

.. r'~ .. "". , ~~. . - - ,,~:C;/Ir.""".' _t_._ ,,~~ _l. ~~_ '" ",155~,~~ ii'!!1i1!,~

[dJ:smih\!tiD'n (l'[(ui,'~. ~ is a[w,ays ,~ ~ib~lli~y in suit. ,~ I~e tneb:",g,rl;. th.td· ~me f~till: 0011 ~Cil.r :in [SOme pj) rt: [of th.c s.~~!eml. ''!HlC tnDJtIi:i'n:1~IIH ~S~ ubJ~ it Y ,Li}f i"~IIIII:

I~yml'l;~~ :~ ofi!. trlil tiI~m ~~i_ Ulie8i d'!)! e ~l'i' ttJ~..I' gre,l tl"f l,,"jr!,b"iiih~ ,.md. 'l,'l)(r(JiS"~'~ tn ,~tmoo:phcr.h~ '~'Ondi~i~~,

n.e fauhs C[;iH. IHT; be. lo:taUy ,eHmlll!llted :fro.m ~b~ systeml btl i: Ureir oc-e~:rol]lee C'iml 'be. .rmm~. 'by hrap:ro1."il!i;g ~.rn. d~si,~ q,~eiUl)' of '~h~ e~~ll~t il1M .ro~b:lI:~~I~~

n.e' Irilil~n, ~an k' classified! '!l~or.d.'img ~o ~!l~~ QI '~.cir :in~jdcmee, 'n1!~1 bre~kdD~~Jij!

Hi'I,!l.y ~m .tit flIOFl_l_nal ~~It,.~ dy~' to dcmrjor-ah~ of h'l~u_~tioo. Th-· 'b~"I.kdill~~ ~~ . • 1M) KHf due tn dalN:s.e' on iilc(;OU.nt· [or UfrlIF redjd~~bl.e' ~1~~ wtile:b 'ifIlcl~d l~ PL~li\sl1Nin:S: ~ b~f!d~~ a~ldentJl~ ~t.~n ~ili'~ i U!'iil ~y [s.n~~., ~i,h~' ~~~hiJg,. d\~' bpl'n~hc~I ~~JC. 'lj~, [1!i!l'tf'.ilJitd~'WIi1. mili.y 00CUIi' [lit ,a'b:oo:r.ml!li~. v'QUai~ due to sW'~llI:htmg !5ilU'~ er st:l!rg;~ caused ilt!!y ~ghlti_mg"

The' AC fa:~Us I~~ .,,~ be ,c·lass~t.1.E,'d ,!l~ si~'~(t liM t:Q gNP-d .ra~rnt d!D'~'b:~e' :Iiflt~ '~I !tf'oufltdl IfauLI,t~, ~ltfii!el p'ha5el :f~u.Irt\l' ~h_at: rnar ~tr i.fIt the ~~~rem dlue' t[! ~ .. t1i1~baJafIDe' 'io

.... , • ..-.-..nil: ,Ilioi'i;..:i 'ii"'{I[~iiV:G [ ..... ·_-r· 'V"'I~:i;[lii!i:l. ...".,-"'~ -I ... t ·i'!iilY"".iYIO iEiiC:"~''"''-r ~"'·Ii'i;ilfN ~,~nijlu.. fmq~'i_""'" ~"_.I. lI:""".JIil:ll a.l._~_IJ y.-'-I! l~~n~-~ ~J'!~!!I:i:_ ~ ~_!I ~1I_n_O~1! lIJ~'!I" 1E_'I1~_ 1 ,,-_II r:.!-~- ~~Ii ~ {A.;J,!'~II""!i:: I._~ _.ll.lI:!'7.::!jI!l L!iJ..lIi ~_b~ll .1". ,". ,11iJI~.lIj!l!L.'l·r.

l!tti.;pe:r~tiU.re' riee find ,iutah~lity,

It· :may' be ~5all)i ~:Ol Iallow 'ihc' freq,u~}\" ,of 'fh_I,;'l' £~ul t· ~ru r:..afri~ on v,~r.i.ous ~l rt~, ;JJ I~~ i:iph?m. which. he)p m ~ign]ng .~'l!ril;lb]e' protectioll cirel!l~.I:. :F-.[il[~wun~· ta~~e ~'[~~' w. ,am. 'idea a'S, '10 ~II • f~uJIs ar'e' disfu"l~~ted .. i:mL -tM v,~rk~u.~ p~~. ~f th~ s,y$;t~.

[!lIu1·pm •. nt '%, of '-ClUil hillill

I~~ I .• j'!(:~, ~1il ~m ~iRUl!ij dK" ~be};Vll ~~bh:' itl'u!!r rtllI'iltitl1i!l'nlili I'u:lm'~r ~I£ 1~<,1,il.:ilU~ ,;.ll["-(' I~yri~g, ,- I .-, ',- :Jk.~r,. j 'il"1 -, III I ,.. .,"" ... ,~ ;l.hr-h.i:j; n~""~ I~'~~\ ifuh~' ]!y.r ..... ~kd ... wn i!TI!'f mg 1J:~a'HoJljl beM~1l

iI:l!Il! o'!.er~llenilJ, ,~Ines. llni (':~.:N: !!.~,Ij I,.~,,,"~'!i:;; r~ 'I'I'~. -:J.!'._!,I!;.1!'I<"o!' _~_~ __ ~_ .. y. ., _

OJUt i0J '~~~' phil~ ,and. ~aT~}]1 ls k~~1 as lble 'to :p,o-ulld :f~ult- tn, Un~' 'hJ' t~~, :t1ll!d~~ ~}here is, i[1l~jj~Mrtii1u. I~~'i"itlow,n OO~'~I1, 'e1~' ot '~bf:' 'I;W\~ pIlaoos.. 'W~j~g i1b~ ~liIi!SuJ;al~ br"",,j~ dUi.-vn b~hij,'oom h~!l) ph~~~ a_]1!~ le&r.iIlbl I['or,ms do.u ~~oe 'line io 8~g~j!litd ~al!lJJJ~'- 'Th.{!' 11n~illd(iWn lriff m~ruadvii'li bi:!'tw,.'!' 'lth ~~ r~~~!1 'I~ 'nx 11m ~I\g b~ I. Utrt'11' ph,iS(" ,.- ~Jt f~~llgw I M.g, t;@!~1~" ;G uf!..~[~ i!X~urr;~oo of L~ t~iiill~,

~n ~ ~ ~ IUDi ~J; Ground ~!.A"JlI

4)1 lln.e ~ U~ iQ lji'l~ (l.-t".;a_ I

:5

I

I~· I~ b" S~"C!iIi f, ,tm)t .. ~rbg~~' '~ tMt ~I 0:1 th~ I~~ ~ I~ I~~ nlj1j~ h'!! ~,li'~.uJnd ["!)J'~~,

1111 ~ :~ f1i o'iJ!t::]'h,·.:1d b~ .. A 1a'f8e' ~'Umbe-]; oil' ~ 'folt.'wtB ",lW lID~ tury' 'iin li"h_\L1J_jf\!I.~ ~

wDI~1 It~.:l rl'. .. Um:,~r fd!;f;[~1 Ib;) 't~' Ir'a,ul,'t: wh.i~J 1fC'~ i_fri:iil, lnr ~ .. h)J' ~ dYf~~hf1. Cif 1~1f:i!1l~ .. ~ £~i!iIj~ t':nlrnellll~' 'ijI',.lr.ie!'!, 'M,tln ti~. ,~tH' ex.armpl~' if I~ 'Mltrj: £~n:!l' ilCo(~i'oi ~ I ioo' iliild Il("[,![l!!'5 ~ (nil !iJ1l1td! b~m~, ih~U crl;l'!: iJJ!jj iu~t' W:a~ls clio-w,n, t~ i£b.c' (iiiult: is 't:rolfrilsient as, :H ''III:l!ridsiliries ii1r,1~]" .kl!",. I~yd~~ D~'~~'~~ Iii~~. I~ 1:0 ~b~~ ~yd~ll h' Ifa~U' >Cj~'r.,~t. :is ~P1'" :~i~h bUlt: Lat-t,1if 1001i!

1;>Ii~iO'.D"":"i':"'" '1.I"\Q;;rl~ '~pr"iI!~, '""",~;:;,, ~n"".u; ~Tri' W'll.:~~1 ~,~ ,..,.~ ... ~;j:. l~ 1j,_ 'L;~""h r~ i'~t' ,Au.,o!iW3~ , .... ."...'

!l.illI§"jI!i"l~!!L!ll_"_~~} '_ ~ 1 .I~ =~~~j "=" ~ ~"' • .!."}.I ~~JlI~; !U;'~ __ ~jlY!~~~ !ItI1~ ~~~I,.l"'-!IJl!J~' b .j!L!!I~ lilk!.~ _ ,_, ~_.~ ~~~!li!§".ii _~.:=: ~ ~!lJ ....

mlp~~]'" ls ~iUe!..-TI ":s\ij1)l ~:~!JiI~li1:'i'it;' il!ItIJ,e" A.'ftEir d~ :ffl~t few !irf~].es. Ute iifl'lte' of al Hh.':I'Iit ~\;'a\!I_I~ ~~ s~.\Jw!!.' r. _i:! lOO ~ b, ~-J1l"i!tr~t' It~~, 'm ~i! SiUl,h.!' ~~n~!lihl - fl;}r '~'!o'\f:r~ ~.. IHw~ "hf) ~~~J~nt ~t1i~ ~fii' t}v-~ ... '~t~,~ ~h!i~. i~, ,~~cl~---dl, ~t"r~~ U\~ Jti!4fld> 'i:iiUil-'

~iI,;,"'" '"'"i"" ~<1i~I'~'i;:o;, ... f "'iiI.. ........ ' ..:~ .. if"!;>iii~~ "'Ii~n.t:' -~' ... ~ """""';~~;:j!nl' TI;;, -: """......_-~I'iI. ... ~-lf ,- ~ ~ - .j.---, ~~;!!!r.' ! 1!~'Ii.' '_' >-II,'"", '16'~ i:l!,!ii!v.J! ~ 'Ioc ~'''''","-f'~' ,,",'!r":~ I'i~ ., .',,",C"!CI!"'II.~~ """-!'.~"~!M~ "",. ~~f" "'" ~, .... I h, 1~~,,,,,\[!J, .,;e.l ~m;-i1i~'a

d:l.ui~g tr'41ii'L~i('itiLt :s~~e'.

'ffi'1..Lo:. f~~lh ·'Uii'-··,t -. 1!d.,.-~...iI -b·,': 'I~-l···'~ ----d'- e·r'~ljLt. ;iT-~ I' .-, t~.I-t' :Il,k ~.~'~,- -'.~ ad '"'~ ~'~'U~., "J'_~_ ~,l _ ~_, poo ~,.y, Ile ''''' ~(:l ~, 1;a,UlIf, IIJII,[Ic.,o ~j@lil~U~i_M~~;Jl!,IJe' mjl:gr;lllitll. e • .;;:"U

Ul;~ prot~U'V~' ~: "stem must be pf;~r d_~. ~o H$ ro hl\¥t? '~;~i,ahk~' ~pefliliion ~f re~-Oi) i:li ~.n~d;j,~'1i' Hoo tt] e-ronlJild t.'u,:jJ_!'~.

rn tl· . l~n~' l~ Lilil~~ ~~I ~ ! ,(L-L-W f"aliU: .i..~ ~1thiTIg lrut' ,~YIiWl_m(·~ri~.·iI, three' ,h."] Sil" '~~H wk~ n~~(l~I.y eee .'~ ffi dlLU." to {'are}~~, d! o~.r~!ttng re~nmc~l. Us,'mHy IJ~ 'h.ol~' li~1 ~rc t~oo '~D;gefher '~n'h ~be' ~lp' • ,'" ~ 1~'td:lI,lt;tQr :S:O as I~ ,PJI'ok,"(;t' ,(~! I~"m '!WOrooi::l' OJrill the W~ ilJlP'oiilj'- ii!nad'\i'~t ..:L.,.~~O" ,oj'i<f,: cl.._1 ~l-,~. ~-- -ct,\,~-··::c"" ~ fCk-...." ~ ...

fiI' - ,~ .• - - - -. ~ (lie ~L~ ~ -~- ~. !!O;.~!!,'I;i,!!I~._ "'~cll!;:!!~O"__I!.~~ .... c I~!!,~ 1~Jl11!ie~ [,~;J!I,llirle _Ilme.i:!! a R:lJ: l~nt:

1~'10fk.., -f ]i.1m~~1iIJ ifnf;p~, 'b fceJlil,OV'e' 'tile' ~ I~,P ibemee.n :PMse' 'Iim~ !and if th~ lcim.!ll~'

kr.u.-'Ii 'f i!li '~f'irno... tl...~, dl. ....... 'n .. i'Io.B'iJI!i!io ..... ~~~1 iii: ~It·

11"il~",,-"j,!!,~ ~,_: :_,0-;:'!'!O,1j"l ,~I-KJ I L!l'~ •. ~: r·I'~~=-O: :=ii:.r-'''l.~BU!I:;:U II"""~ IJlin.lI~· ~1l~;S.

'De' mo~t ~rW:n.lIJIi' Ic:ff~~' 'of Y!ld~~rai !f~t!!lH b l,lt'W~i~h,~ ~~H filC~ ~"'hl ih "II iJl,.i~i~~' ~hl' ~Ltip,mfilI'11t~, ~~~ y in ~ $j,~~, ~_d ~~~ ~u~;1 faHWi_:re. 'ne ,~~ c ~mli!u1ln ~~I<p:"' ,(ij( lf~1al~' wrl1i.ch :ll1iii}i' ~p~e to 'be da,;n~Ol:s, rug: ~ho:1'~. d'fClIH" IDIl@" Ito this fa,l,l:i t dU~.iiJi~ -50 ii.7n:>.li~ '.duc:;tio:n Gil ~ine' '~taO'P (']iv~r ,;a nm~1i iii"t:,art. of' ~lme ~tr;' ~"l~~':em There 'i-s

0,···..,.- --.~.--- ~ "~~ ,_., !Ii"~1 ifo'" ",.1, ~r'~"""iIl' ~~,... d,.

dilJln11g.e wl'N'h,~'~ mi!lr m~~i' 'to the tikmlma, of t;he S'j ~ t~m b)· ~k"C.tr~<:· allre ~.'ihiQh !arm:l'iIlp!il]jli~ ~.~oft ~!l.rtui t" Th.t:l' glih~r :P,PP,}I'~ tillS m Uilc :;:.r~ru:nl !l'U'r..: d<,.m~~\s"~, l!lilt! '~!iJi M'~Iil£:.\tfil<:r ali'rld d liP hll 5e~ti'fi ""' 'U~I~ .1ibn- m'Ii.ru '1mr...rJ:'ll -':If!"!\:iii1 If(1i ~ - - fh - ;~t -\J' ~,,~ :f th£

- - - _~, _.i!J __ ...: ~-LgI-,If' ( ~ -.~ Q_~ ,0I~Ct";" . .n,d_ L roc:o!~ ~_I' l'j,a, I I'l 0_

ptlW,,-"[ ~)~Ik-~~m ~~ d.btu~ whb.'h m.ily ~m~~ mes ~uU Il~ I, !lIrn.p~",~~(!' sh\]~ (J[y~ ~fJ tl~ f1RWIer is!¥S'tem. :Dtie tft!; 1"Ed,l,X1OOlil! fn volta~e'o!' !Cl'l!ln;en~ dlr,:J:W.I], b~' m'i4lW~ ,:itir'@ ab:n~rMi3iHl,"

~-...,. ~ eI il-J ~

~itigffil\', 11'tis ma-y !rieSU]_t bl~ loss [tlf i,m:dl!lsma~ :pod tlct~~tJ"il. '~ 'Su.clmJ fJ~~~~~s ,Hire a~-midoo

~m ~'Cur,i~~: by des~]n;G, aU1i)~!lb~ and n:':~iabl~ bll~ [~'(1!i!;~nd~aL ,p':rot~t~"'~ ~~me

" .,8; F'lIu It: Ie urrent C\J!ieulatlol1l ilI.log Symm.t.fic.11 [Com pon.nt.

~rIi ~-a!l:'1 ;i")~ ~ .... -.. H.'b('I~' [,11,,; .• ~i?Ii!i"!i~. . ~r!!l.I"'_ ':'l1'lii",I!"J~"', t, ~ ... d, C:' 61 !~~I!~ ~!l'.' M-IlJ.:J I, I~

!!'.!! ""' iI: '!; _ _!;!'!i'!."'5 1("- ~ ~ _-~ .!..~ ';:J _'!;;Y'! "",,,,,"_ ~,~ ~,~ _~! ~~ ~ '~''1, !..!

Img~iiinld.e' ,~r.ld ilr,e ~ispla~ed ,from, [B'3en mheof 11)" ·t2~. like [~Uimlll~S ,:tD.d l1Cih~ are' 1.1!IS ,~)d to b~' :s,y,rn.m«.riciJ. 'llhe a:md~:s1s ,m sueh S'JS~m i~ I~as~~ [~lruich :is d~ 1(k1lII. ~' r~ basis. But, when '~he' ~d ts 'W;'I~hai~~ "ltl_e a~lysis. 1lL..'-in;g :~'i,i),rm~l ~ocbni~~ ~Dniles, dl~~ro1Jllt. U~,!i ~wih ,~~w" :in(1b~ .of' rsy;m:m:ctri.~ll] 'OOmlpo:nC'Jll~ ~n! be' ~~ri ilS ~nllGscst'ed ~, ~iig!i~t~IlJ£, A~'~lI\rll;n,g In 'his t~u,'tnCD\ th~ ulilh~~i.lin~ed, plll1,lSjlJr!l1 !C'A-[ [~ - -~!lv:~ 1-:-11} tru-- - 10 ]tii-:-a-d ~ ,1Ii'!f.M:__~, f'j f nl~:p.!! r"M' Ib~l~n.o·d ~! .~'

. Ill! .. ~,_ . _~ n.~. ~ _11 , . ... ~ ~_ I J~ ,Ii"'" •. _. _

a'ifi'Lrl!1!ifl(ii\em t: ''".ti'lfil be, [uj\i";f:.fi ,!'!i ~ '~~ll) 'no~ill I'!.!"" ~u~e' ~om~et1~' I~b~ '1Jt(l'U'jl t~V\~ l~~

.fJ-~~ I~ ,F- ;1 [~J" ·~z ~ :I ~-I?'I ....,,-'"'.:~l

!Omn~.e-m;T. '[c} zere tseqli~e ,mmpone'Jilit.

A systerlli ~f ·;.wedD'rS :is ~i\1i':rtg ii'1o!\1~:thJ'iT'! ~~~ ~~'te:r!c' w-'hen 'iit 'ha:5i,

~""" ."- , 1['"' -. ~ ~c~~J'IL .. ~.... -.- _.

aU ver;:~Qm 111ta\.r~mg ~e' ~~pitJudi.: li~~d !i1 ft" dt~"!oFb ~d ibf ~12p. l'he}cfi ~a'v<e s.'l'nu~' UiIi'I'R" ~rU~n~1 Ul !ft~~ie!! .. C' IH);)oo ,}xis m cer-erenoo :H'fI! I~~at' o.f ~~n~.r~led, '~6~,tagl!!. Th~ ~Hkf!! ~q.u.eooe! ts d;esjg_nafed 1bJ' l:i_OO' ~ ~~L1~nF1: :r. :n til. '~ha:-wn ,in ,~,

Fii~ lA, -e' \r~tom 'o~ 001 I ill iris il.1l (~~d_e_t (]l,' 1 .. ~3, a.nd 3.

A, S'y~tt~ d \\'edw' ~, balf1flil :IlLesa~lv.r: ,:ha~ ~l~lellre '~w'fiJ :1 I: :~~, ii! I, '\ ~~t!m Iu¥l~ng sam~ mklgnimde' ra~ ~re dls,lill~ed b~ ·12~. B'ut: aml\i'e at ~ refe"reJiilGe' a~is [~t rill :re;gular mtenr,aru :same. [:liS, .~t; of posJtlve 'seq,I!i~' 'but. In, re~rm:se' Ifi~1'i Le, 'i:fiIJ mHl~' of ~ 3, L, U: ;~, snOW1lll, in, *~ 'Fill'" '1..4 ,1!o'l!1iltt-x. !!Ii !is r'~~~,AI ~:n, diesj""nare., :~~H\!l!!' ~illl!llKlli

~v. _Ij ~ ~~ ~ -~~- ". ~~ ~~ .. ~ t: ~u. ~ ~ !r.I'_.-_ "~. _ ~ t~ _cv. - _-_ e. - __ -~ "!,,n_~~ - _ "::""'="~_ -_- ~ _ ~

.~---- .... - ...... - -.~.-.~~~-_.~j(,

E~p

IRg. ~., IPoIiI"ltft ~, ~leqH:n~[ With

,~I-"""_'''''''''' ~ ~" ...... __ , [~''''I,-",,-'~l; ~ !!o!!~."I_ 1 _" . _ " VII '!I'W!I;I;MOIII!!·. !Il.[I[.I~.,f

P QI~on ,lindl Swltcb-..,.. - r - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - iii! - -

IF~. 1,;5 INe:gati" phii.' "qUitilUtli '.Ift d~_lle lrofdO:m at '~bR5 t:'~'-'3e-2,~

A, s..y-ste~·t Qf '~f;~:rs is ~il,v:~ng :l-~m p'ha~'

:seq lIJemce if 3j:1 fhe t'turee '~e<;:mts .are :n'I(iJ~ ,'--isp~n'd rn ,ti1lU~ ~ oml ~,J~ (lth~ r ill fJljd ~h~re'

... .ill!l', 'kv< i"I;"': '1T'Ii, :'i"" "'.. r~"!'tl',I;-'_"" - .... , h" ... _'~'I"-,-,',}""-"" lin.,;'

'nTii !IiI'!IO' ~.'u r _ ""_O!' ~-,!O!Li!.1"'~.'iii __ U i).'!;I!""IJ ~ t; "" _ '!ii'

~ ~ t or '\m~.tagl!" il!1ll 't'M ) [ph!l'i!~' eiiflQiJ~ i~ w,dJ. :.' ,,-, "-- - -/1,.....---; Y -!=;, - j,- -_,I~ I.~ - '~, r. t~il~' ~.~....L.

'!rI,lU}f tslimll!l ,u:llj[ll.eLIli~~y ~ ~_L L~ .~ ,p_, ses, ~Il;:~'

a ,base' '!SeqJu:@'n-oe i:s sl.own ~rn. thg· I~'~,g., IJ5{!!i' 511~i!~ 0 :i~ used ~:Q ,d~~te zero ~q,iUlmiL'e.I.

E:ro,

(jilJi1I5id~ii'" a ~(y.Sct~m hav"tfitg '~ i!!I~-®'~. ,~nd ~'~ can be 'rest1!j n~dI ilt11'~Q ~~i'tful·e:., n~j'!!Ii'!.~' JJ;IJ(~ ;.t(l;t;'o pffit ~i '~~Il;~~nc.{!· Ci~m~t'1!! ~ ,U !j.~J]W!' l~nt ~~r~C' '~;L~. '~.~I n ~ , ~lo~,:"i_!;jlc' ~ _ ,~. ~ .! 1orocl' :~~ 'by ~~I~tl, r~~~~mli n~ C~UI'II tJ~~

[t- + -tl1!-1 +- ~_",,.

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ProtKt~- .• .,.;iOiIi ·SilAii~i ... iIio;~iii" ,,'~~_~~!II!'" ml!U' .-"l·"rUII~~T~~f

~~~~~~~~. r-

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.,.........o... ........................................... ===tll

I~ d .~:'j 41&11njt~ tltM fHe '~yStt"liJ,l ii~, ~:r'Rtimg !a ~ ~~. luad. ~bIl't~, DC~UJif~FI!g: a. fa ~n~ I~, ·h posljta'~~ ~~J~!~"~ v{):~taS'~ .. Q( ,~I~ ~~l1£mn~:5 mH~~Ine5' 'win 'be, ~iJl])EI~. a.n,d "li.155 'v!llloc' l);.1mc ~~ f,1fti~~~! ~·~h~ !l.'~ Pi. Let lhb '~iJtt;[lgil' be iE'r"

~, V{;)U~~'''l' ~, ts p ~rM'n~' ~I~~}I in ~ pmti\·c' ~q'Uill'i;C~' ~t.l\'~ .. " Thewe is; 110 ~1l]p'l ins: ,rem-eell ~UHO.e :network", U~e ~U~· ''fU~ta;~ ~;t P' 'tta~ be gh\"~ i~. 're~.m I

"'1i ""J,jiilill'-':nr.,"" "', "r ",""flit", mit'~1 "T1i--~~..i"ii""u"" ,~,."t1"~.'"'i .1l!I"L~a"'''''''' ""f."i,

".., ~."ii - .i§'_.~!!i> ",lJ~ 11: "".... . ,~ ,~" I'~ ~~'! n.~. """""'iII!I-!!IIiii~."i!;;.T.· ",.u,~~~~~"11!vi!M' ~~'"

Fig" .:,

&15e"d ,(m tt1h..e· ,t)~, o~ 'f~ult. me ~,umitJe· ¥ohag(_~ ~j~ (U~'1VIJl'ii, a~' c{nnS;'t1r,~~~~-d, IliES.u~~ng te a :pame.u~j:lr. ;(OJflili.'Ei!C~~,on, of '~M~ 'Re'itWoxks" The :seqtiJanc:e ~;c;,reIU:;' Bid. '~'ol~,,~ and [aiIJ'M" (;W'~en:tr5 ~md ra.'!(:!jU: 'VQillu ~,can n~c.n k' eas~l lo1l! Iii inc d..

t ,.'1' ESlential1 Qu Ilit.llIs lor PlI"mady., R.I.,I n 0

A pmt~t~'\\"~ n!i1~)'lmg; ~b.!"~ si1!}uld ~~.\ ~ ~.;~iTlt~hl, lmft~;[nt' q~~bth~s<, 5~ch alii. ess.entia~ q ~31i.'nes Q~ n~lif,f rre"la,vhi;'" ,~rel

~ Ir ~ ~

W.. ReI~abi,]i.'~'

2.. ~l~~~iviit;.~r IIlrrRd Di~l'iimi'frta,~j;tml J, •• ,~'(~ jlrlid nm~

41. StVrilSJt~,V:u!V

..

!: .:;"- iil."·-I"hr ;jl. :0I~~1 !I!';J

~I j?-l'ii~"" nr . i!i;.,J ~., ..... - f'iii'in' s ; ~"11111'1,.r~'1~~1") ii.l11~U, ~,,~l'!.h~~I~y

'11,.7,.[1 R.lllbility·

cIi, ,.' 'iE-:~'v" .. -III .. ,t", :",~ .... ·,II_,j ~ ....... Ji'-iI'":lr..., " .... "~". If-oOO·~.~~ .ifii'~3iBirn..! Iii!, i.,.di a ........... : i!.''k ...... LjUHi

n, prod!!fd .. is :re~,. IliNg ~~1l!I ~Y. ~ 1.!!i:',IIi!!IlI!M!i:: 13 h~ 1l,;!!1"1!5(~ ... a "Ji,'I.'! "'11" _"" I~I =~ _~·I'IOi ~ ~.1

ef ~. :rlelay s'J"steml tID operate under: ft.-e :plir.d~i:rned. ,oofiid[_tiolt5~ !Jltgre ,R[~ Y,amDliS, ~(pl~l~litts, 'Which ~ lm.t.Ql ,t~ ~p~1;ntioo, ~QW a :ooby 'qpe:l'illl~" '~~fQ~ e'\i"~liy ~m~~t: ,~n:\dJ ~i.~ i~: wltdieh is :i~\\'QL~ed i1!!1 ~he oPe-~ti~ gf ,~ :n:,']ary P~~)'s ~n ~Ji'~l1'riifiirb.:..nt role, Th"l' ~I il!bmty oj! !l n.mtcdjQIi' iS~,!temJ d~I~l"dJ'S I~ 'lh-c K"n~b iii h" ~~

lJ::rc~ .. lr-' t' F .~- t:

~',. If~!tl~lC5i 'OJi~~,I-':!~ Wi~liiI!'s! ~ i~t! !!:h:'~-I;.ij ~t lbi!;'iltll ke-~~ f~l~ys. itl.!! rrt'nt; ~iI'lLlnsfnr~I'iIH(Io1 'lL.']~ ,S,}, Ip:r!l~~ll!ljia~ ~' . . . t~,- - - 'C,~ (P 'r ::- .~ bles '~' ~" ' "HIT, -"k- 'j..,. """" ',' r' ' ... ' I, '--n·· 't! Hi "', £iiI"" -, H2iii!.·s .il:n Ilr.l!ilik'SnJl:nli1lt!r~, .~ •• ~ '" i!.,i'i .il~ .. ~,r.~.P el~Ii~:!!, !!M;.;_ ~!lIt.G f:i~!i),pU ~ L..:~~~.~,~OO~.~S{)i P __ ~,...._.

I~n~~~ t~,.n~: .r'O~,e' jn ~mrm";;[ng. Itil'ltt::' FEriable' 'opera ~t)Ji1I, o~ tlm.e' ~:)'stem. The' :re;Uabiillij tl1 ~aJJl ~ '"'~ '~ e'i":pr~~ ITil n~ 'nlt~th~:ilEilal~J e:~pr.e85:h),wIS ~ I!l! t QlFi '~ :iu~-:g,'OO ft~U t~ s t.t'.;.~it;iiiJ~ data, 'ir11l.~ s t~Il~.~'C!!l~ :iiu.nf;!;,~.I' ~_l1d re'£8d~, ,gh~~ I~ hlf~ll ,!lbo~;!Jt, th~ ~I ,,,hul ~ty it'I!' ~lw ~, fl~k't'~,~'~~"" 'jIf~h·n ~rhl' hll.~'Cn·~t; lweb,~ll~l~ilj' Ii s Ib~~d en t~: dJo: -i:5~''1i wh'i [_'Irn.' - ~ -j filili tn · ~(ilI~~ ~:ioi;tX'rll~, T~i~ ~~n be .~('h;(>!!f"od ~r ~e' '''fH~~!ilffi llke,

U ~ '$;nli/lLp~ il7~W U) Ro~~ s~

Ua) :~ Jlig'l'l «ltlt~1~t r~lilfre :I.\f} I)o~s~' If,~ e.J.'C~l,oo[i re

,."') CI;')t! oaH~~_ad' m~ tcwja'~ '~j) ~ '",-~:rk~~ps~'~p' a~ ij, ',i ~ C,llti""hl ~ HMiJ~II~~ ta rrI~'~

'. r.",:! Sf,lllre;Uvily and IOllerim I nalion

n~~, '51~lGct~vi~,>~ is, ~~, r~bi~ i,~y of ~h~ pmtoc~i.'\'~ ~)''81 ~m, t~ [dlen~i.rl1 'th(} ~ !luJt)r p.!.) r~ loo~"1ll}f ,a:ntdJ 1)0 d.Ili~~ect '~h3:t pal"i: w~,llJIDu~' affet:ti[;'ilg; t'itJ:.e iIf-est of I~he :heii~JiEitly ,rallt of ;~~"¥.h,~h 1h~ d~~j-~~;Lrm~i;j[!!lil, :~~a~s. 'ro1 ,d[sHng~~h '~h~'~n. "h~ dJiiS(!!thn:~natfu~ q~"']H,' ,'it 11'10. , -;---, 11;. r'~ '~io"iCif -:- ~" 't'~~ ai..rll'~: ~ , . .;111 ...... , "1"''', L"-,i>w, .- " tl .:.1'~ ,:c: ~'d: iI'.l,~ :! -:t~1 ,n UlOe pro;II!;:;\!:_~}I,1!!;l 'IT' ~!;l'mJ !b~ _~ _~IL_~y !.!;!I' ~il::H,-!qguilS~~ ~!, ~ Ii'L.r:rm_~ {;itifi __ I'~_!{!If1 ,_llitQJ

dbooITr'lllU • Ull dlH1@n ~~ .'W - iI:,U, b~~t"·,~ ,~m,;d ;t;rn\~U!JOOiiI 'N.!P.'Uh n ~rn't(l~:!J'il.f,~!' ,z_~!lQe' arctJ!i~

!Ii'

i!ilJ!!oi·\H,,,Hlelll'. 'Jh~ pi R~- ~y~ ~ys~1IiI ~]:IilWl Qpef,at~ o~~y 411; the tJi'ftt'h~' (l~ aibl1lor:m;all

a!!'ltwJ.lill'i~1:li ,j"jinirl 1I~'i1I!: ;1it ~Iti~, ~ .n~ 'ur n(}rntlil~ ~n;dU~on, thll'ltO,~ l t ,nUl!'i~ r!~nrily (I i smJ:m ifl\Hit~ he!,WflefJ1l IilOJ;'mii! a'H ,:ahM')rm!l'~ ,oor.d itiGO. '1iliinr.as d~:e p,rot«~ ",'e' ,s.:rstem sbouH Li, se1'ec-t nW' fio'i~Uy p;;.lr~: iIiIlrtd t;~I~~~: 0!iI1Ly ~hf;j' I(ill'~j,>f p:r.t wiliUtO'lU1 diistu.~n,F; ItJll~' :h'C4)111~11Jy IP~ ~)f dt-G' !til '''I!lID.

De fllful£Cth, • i)'5-~em ihuul,d net op!li.a.re fu.f llh.e' i H~ilt:5 h:y~ Iits pnlt.ec-ti\fif' ,~qriilC, r Ii' '~'~MJi1p1l~'~ (;o~_sid!:r m~ pm:'tmn gf' iI ~~j~ [pllWelI" ~ysimJil ~~~ 1.111, ~hc ~i8' I "i~

Fig.,1,.1

U' ~ s ,dI]"af.' fMom the, Fia~ 1 .. :8 ~hal: [t, fauti: 'ilt ,,,,,,,,""I'~' """"",, 'IT ... -.;;;-- ",- -~'-,' ',II.'I''!'''''" .. ~.-'" I' £,' :~.'_"

. . . . ... ~ ~ ~ ~~~ .. _!Ii.!! .. __ =:l!! ,._"""" 1,iZ!' '!itJl~ _~ ~Iil:UJ1!.ISS~Qn ~ .. ,"" U~iL tIlu:

t.,Ifi\\c,dlt bf'o!)!'ai k.(i liS :2 ,~nd J, :5'~'ld, '~~lt!lift! ,i!u,d d!i~<:lImI~l tM lme' Ifi!i 0 1l1I" the' we m.lini!Iil8, ~~, "Jr:tri, ~ hJ!' '~lift '!~ h~·,·' ,""':hIiJil'li s::l1Lf:l\dd ih-e.' ,'bti.".~ '1!1m ~1et:4Ii~ RK f'~tl ~t;_, ~i:""~l~m L~lIiii!J.," ~,

OO~'l ~O~ ~~I'" ,~'~u'~t f~ and ~t rslmuf~d b~o.l~tt', i11' '!J. ~ tb@.!;I1' ~rip¥l:i~'iiS th~ a d,i.l-~1iiI t tt'tl~,II!lHlI i SS~{!in lhilif'J ilIl;rrfl';'I!k.e,fS, D'E the I!r,a~{l!r.mt.er.

~.~ lEe' prm'€Ctiv~ ~~f~t@Bl ,~, :n~: sjd~ti.li\\~' Iilit~, H o,p:~r~tQS ;6:}~' '~h~' ,f!l~d~8, b~)'"()J:1!d. Jt.~

- """,t,.,..,.til" j'y"ioTioUO>' ,"''''''d' "~"'i __ ""';:;"" -. ",,'i-. - -1- _ i'i; _ - ,F,~ I'il... "",!""'~em- -; I .M-c,' 'II ,...:Ii "!I"!Il..'

,p~""".",,,",~. ,,",'N~~~~ ~1~'~~ i!!ib'i!!~I!i?~f)'~JM.e' JiU;g'!iO piau' '!;!!~f '(ue. "'~.'''-'~ .. gl"-"'_'; I_:sitl~alveu., ilWqllS

l!dIl~ aJ ~'EJt, i(!f i!TIilfj~Jfi!:;;,tefltl_e~e Itcl ,t'ke! :!!!\I"lli'er ,i!_M '!l!L!if'[S ..

1 ~'7 ,3 SPftd amCi 'Thnl

~ pm!~~i:v~' sy~tem ~USit' it U~t~'Tt'!![f.'rI~~' I~' t'lt!~l'y ~rst~ro as iFast as ,poss~,b](l', I ~ ~h~ f;i\~.:;]I~~· ~}'"5t1"m, ls liIO~: di~~ Jw' ,aJ ] om,g; Itlme '~w

1, TIt,! dev;~~ lit:a:~ifJ1g; !f~lillt '~iil'f,reJl~S, nt~,}~' ~;et d_amagedJ.

:!. The 'fa ~['Yi!rl!: Ifc''l:d.s te ~~~, '1't~:Y!ttl{_lliil ltIiJ :S<)'Tl ~m \',,"'ultil,8!· ,SUdI liIilIi\\\i' ""l1U'~t~!lt; ~ 'iifiijli~'

. fil'= ... liJ!..." """-itt.,. !Ii'";"';" . • ... ' .-'~~~". lip '-;-'"7 lnO' li-"" ~k .. ".,;,-- !,>~'""fi -"i" I' l .. ~I"''(;!I; iJill ... HII,(_ ~~~r,,_ L~~ iliiLiHi rll~'!d,~ 1~,!.dllill_~"O On _ul: 'Ii&~_.l!Ii_un~~ ,~U;_ "

J. If -f)\~H :p~"~i~ ~ f~f Ly~g I ~nlt~" It.h~ :~U~!q,u!~W1!.ny Ylh·f f~uJ~ m~~y ~ct

F~i!!:~,~ted!.

'"iIiii._"" 'L! -h· ._ c- ...:il -, -'d~iW' ""'10 _ -- 'jjf··d !l'iI:.."" -, _ ·'i!o."'-I"'''-J' f' n' ,.;i. ... ,;i! ~- a'Il.,I·· n~ li,l~ !~lg s.poo!o.!! :pf;W'~~y'~'e' :s,¥,~~~I]iJ, !iLiiJL!S 1~~K:-' :PQS~3~Jl;I',1f 'i[t ~~oi:.'!i' ~cti!.J!es]Ti,~,!'.f.~~' tl'~~W'li~-

"W"L..~ 1 ...... 'lI'''''~ 'f .'~"" ,_ ,_ 0 0;;,· .... ··-11 'i.....,..,..'l\''"'',.- , .. '~ _. '"n;i"~· .. iIiI~' .... ~ ~'i; .. ,~~, - '·,C ~ ~'b..... ifli<;.t;jl~!' 'If f'ntil! 01-

!II ,~1I:'!i:' "'~·m~ ,~Im'!i,; "~'!!Oiq .. .!lIJ!t:'Y ~~'"''!W'!Wr.lI IJ'!.!i:: II _"'~~ . ~ ...,.~i ~U~I~ i!I_I1l!.ilJ 11l!!1~!!;, '~~_ ~_. ~. ~ ~iY __ • .,

i_~,l~errmlplion: in Ute ld:n:l.:lit t(!lf~,1~k.eI:" i8 ~E'll~e;d r~ Hil~' ,;tie-..l rii_fl~g 'ti_f!nih1', U; is: l&e S~1!fi!iL g,ff 1f1..I!a~f ~ i ~ Ilmi ti reuU hr~:fk('~ 1i1i~, Trilmc re:'~~y ~.~ 1lI.l~' Ii 5., timl" ~~!RC 'betw{~rrru tj,L~ li!l1~tJ_nt' orr ~~; ~~U It[i('(YiIj'll.-ml"e ~ ~i ~ t'lmil,,!' h~~!,ull t I~~ ~l.f~!!)i te' t'if 1[fC'lar ~~~~1'~!I: t~, 1~c th~~j~' ~~~k~r t1m~~ L Hl!:~' ti~, [~a~1 by 'th • d ~i!t b~~1;kv 'k) P;p~!"11 i\l: ~~ ~pen ,th~, oon'h1ds IlIe, to ~1(th,~~1bI'[sh tk~ are I!i!om"ietely. 'iFhE1l tanh' 1(' eafri.mg' !tir];me s:llu]~hi be' ss sW;laU ,~!11, ~ibc~, Itu ~a,vtl' ~i.~h s,~ 'o;pe.rartio:r!! of '_ p~ti.¥~ syS't~ro.

Th,)!lJgh Irbe: snu lru fal!iJ'I~: (h~'!lriing: t~mr· i~ Ff.l'"f~"fJ~d - ~u [p.rrndLt'C, (Crtt1i~ 'tbn~ ~~I g is IpmvidfiJJ. 1rhi~1 'is b~.lu~~

I. i[i~ hiilV~ d~ti d~tml'n.atii]n b!i!'tw~~]l PRQ'!i!:1f}!' ,!lnd b!l(;QP' p~oh'ii~tlon

:2' il:O ,p;t;eVeJilt Ut1i.Ii1W."b--ess:.lIi}' !iJ;crlil~ L~JlriI liiiiof ,rel .. ,ys: H~,lde,1!" t~ I~d i~~;j3n!!i ~t~iC.h, as. 'Qr~t~"'ts,~, :~t-iu'liin,S: mirushl O'J 'ClUir,~llt ~~-

''mlDiQ, If~t '['tQ'~ti,~e ~tem, is an iimp;mril!:.ant' q~i11i,ty' whkh miinill1lis.es the daJrnlage 111M j~' lrn,mv1@8 ~e: W!I\~I~~~ ~tI~IUy of ~he' ~eli' ~syst!!_m!

1 ''''' .. • ....... "",-(4;-1 ~ _ 1!1~~'I!~l -,r. -~ Y.II~·

WiI\e pljlulee~~e ~1~1~ ~!lWld be s1ijUh:le",t:I,~ ~Si1 tive 001 f~t r~~ ~~n ~-'m,'~~ riii~ib~'j W~l ,r.~~~[-ed. n.e se:nsi Iiii.\~ty, of ~he sy-nem I~SI rbe ~bint;y 01 '!he lIil!lY Sifsrerl1l t-®< I~ate· ~'~Ih 1,oW' 'v[~b:~' I~ ildua~if'i;~ 'cru!;IJanti~"-

n' i~dh;:'a tcs, the ~maI~t '~,~lu~ of: 'the' aduolHrlI.g; q ~]l1!rlJli,'t:y' at W]n:t_~1 ~IfIE' :P[O'recti 0li1J ~t<'i rts ~a~g: :in 'rg~i!tion with ithfi' trmiili11mtHiE1 '''la Ili;;I:C! ~f U.-e ~iUll~, ~UJit'I,!l'Iit: ~'IlII Uw pfri~M:OO~ ,zg_e.

~'

I I, ~

1 ••• -

1~ -" iiIi! d;l; ... Io.II'lfiil' iIi:"·~..r. :i:iIu.U. ~!!!,"j'

9iiIo. , '~~~I'k~~h, !i ,.,'1-.-. , ~'ii' .,~~ it:il ~lo."" ,'--I ~~~v. :.-c', f om ,4, I! I~ I \\"hL"hi ;j. ... '" t!i' :!I;i-"]

,~I~l!~ ~,.,~i;!\~~ I~y I ' Jj'~ q!il..l ~~''''Jf _ I, I~~ pm~~ n ~I ~ ~y~U!~,~ ~ ~ ~,!l_ i~ ~', ~("l" I~~ ~ _ ~ • ,~!Ii1 ~

,,' ". ~,~ ,', ~"C',~'" _~ ~'\": '--;-I ~~~;L.'~I~' ,~,~ d -" ,~,", I '-,- ~·,t!;-A '-, ='4'"~" , -, ,c.-,'e'\. ,~,c ~ '~,' ,'" 'h:;,

,renlIiiIlm5, ,mOpe-rall,~e lair;KI, ::;lililJ.e Dill ,e1' ""Eli ,.;gllli ~:pec~ ueu, (;_ill!i~II!IiiI!~ !!~~ ,S')N)(u ,a!5, !raiIiiLJIj_lem,~

dis:t1!UhInc:@.;. ,through :filuU:s ,~tc" ,~ !p~vidin,g ~~ ~tabi.m:y~ oertain m,oo,HtC>lltJ,~ iiU~

- = - -

requ_b.'ld in 'Olle s)I'stem d-esip" Tliit miMI: M 'tbj~1 eases lime ,d e]iily~~, f~Hg&, «-rwJ b ...

~i'I.&~ .. "'!'~ rnljI.a ,~I~~~'I ~~, ~'fc rro'!o'iided ~ ~~'h~'l'ifC ~~b'h:~ Q_~i!f,i:i~tQ,tlt ,~h~ru_i1,S the d l!!ltlj,~JilOC_"S;

'~1,,"~1 ACllqu.t.n_,

D~ a~,~' \!'aJ~~~ '~lf fal!llts ,a;~d dls-~~, ~1il0S@ ma.}f li:'rf,r,!lc(jC'~l]v i()!xusts; ~J ,3 ,nfl~'.ef'

II!' • If' I'.ii It'''-

,;:~ .. - ....... _ ]':i;: ~": i....,._T!iu\~'Iff;i['"" '4 'i''f~\\!"id"'': '~~-~' ........ ,'"'ilU".lII" .... ;-;,~' I""''i''i,). -~..-:i :~~,.::·,':"'JI!--r-I-;--;-'_'I

!ai'.<!'., _~"', ~'~ _~ H~~~~~ ~ ,r'~·I!o.!', ~"I!;O, Jl'.~~'!j""'I! A1Ilr",lu""~, ~.,;:>, ... IJ! ia!li1u el!'e1} ai1l'Jill'l!!tlT~1i1J

«ljtcl_:_t~I.OD 'Wh~(h ~,)f ~is,t rill. :p:r.~'~'~' djE 'm ,~nomj'Cil.~J R',l.l5Qms. :Oll~ th~ lr~~~ti,\!,e' !S'1f~t,ell1l mili'5t' plJOilini..de' ,iiid~1)l,afm p,~1 1[0:1' ,~,!liy' C~miL"f.I~, 'f[jf t~e !Sy~l£m. The J;d{~UOltt'i'iit~~ ']~ the ~;stem ~Iln M' ~I bj' ,ooiulidr,.__d!,g tyUiiJW mg fddln'~.

'~. IHL~U~~~"i"i' ('~f \\\!,am)~, e<),ti i,pmentl, 1. Cost' ftif U'U~ ~ujjp:me:_Qt5,

~t lLQCat~,Q1i1tS ,of ~ ~ip;m.~Jts

4i .. 'I?l:'pbabili.i}·' ~r ,:llib~nm,l~ ~i~ Id~e' 1001 il'ilt..e'~!:iJ ndl ~~J ta1!1SCs. :5'. DIB()l\1ill,linuitf ~ iSuPFdY dii!.!!e: ~ u~ fili~y~ of th' ~ui,p~mt

'1.,'," ,Slmpncity ,and IEOQnomy

[n ild,dUi~n ~ ,l!I~1 Ih(~, ,im,p~d~nl' quali.Ues" li~ l!il, lleoe~sii~r Ili'm.'I'~: ~~e 'OOS"~: or Uil~ ~)i,~,rom :.J.~ld be wen \\!!'rithln l~mit5. :00'0. p.r~ ~~HOlt~ U ~~, W1~:t; ~~~sa~ t,gl Use rid~aJl :p~C1:}, ;smeli:le' 'whifdl :is ~QmticallJ m"t-frusUt~~. lllll s~~ti leases oo:mpromiw isl

I~o:me. JI,'!!ii ,aJ !['U~ ,tl.--;, ,~ti n ,.~, ~'1l.,~_,_ij\~ ,-- t. if:.'~ ,:,~.', , .' ~'L,. "~, ,jJ ';!L.., :', ", ~ .,- ,. ' 'g;~ , , '~ '~'~_ ~ ~~,_~~!,~ ,pl!"Y~_'!::;_'~. ~L ~~, ~~-I&I! rg, i!<i!ie ,mOle U!kl~11II .:).(]l (ii!1 hiE!, t((!~a~ ~t. pU~

if the' ,~~pm ... ~lli to M' "rut~d are ~ei:)" ~m~I'i'tant~ tl'l ~~ l"t'@1l'fji-mJe; ,oot\_~tJ.:ainl'S ,(,-.1,"1 be, ~l!:&r~~,

1.8 Clllimcation of PrGtecllw Re-I.,.

A II iUrl~ ,r~kl!y;l!j, lumtJilst of \!11I~ or !l!lm-e ,~~~mfJ.~~ '!I,i,\,JhiL~~,~, ~{'I: !ig]ili"":iiIl',i~'tI1 a n~i D!l.::n:.~,~~-d !Wi\! ,t~ i?I]~trie".d ,nl1all1~~I:i~ Qf 'rhf! d:rl:~ilt:. M~t, ~f tJ~ii!' r~li!1I'f.S< 1i!J~~ ~~w ,a ~:t~11""~S ;)}f!'il!

., ~.

I'" I"""'t-r.r...- '-~'hl'iii'iii"'E'i'~ ~i'i,ll;, 'wb.i' :-h' ,'"...,,- t. ..... -c; ~!.,- ,,- '"~ ~'liIo~ : li~ ;;;~r..'i~""'. - - 5Ui'ii;,!>':'~ ~ ,:it~~" ~, •. ~.;f. -~' ,,J

... "~",.'_~I!.,..-,rn~ ~""'!i'I!~ "J r"'1!O; - !!;~{;"_ ~ 'Y\r~ "",1:11. _u~ P:1il:1'-~lP,~ {, ~ G~'!Li""Ui"",:Flit""'!!j,~,.'!W~'~il:" Li,.if;'nii;'~,~,,-,,1i1! a']jij;'!.lI

,.iI,""" tn .... ""'''''ilni1'''iI'~ ... '·I ... A,U~''''''''''

l,-.l;~;_·~ _ ·UlUJJIAoI~l'~IL~~'_ ,1i:dJI ... ...:JlI.ahr-JI1~ ...

, ,,18.,' EI.etromll ndc Amlctlon Type [PI_tlllrs

"Wh!' ~lt,~mj~n"gnrtl~ !!Ii~bI~~tiM tlf,P~ !r{,,]~)~~ u,rcM te en t~c' pn :dFh," ~f .. "Urildif:m ~f ,:!11I1 .'i!rm~t~r'C' by ~-h~ !lI'Io!Ip~ic' f~~'(.'1l!' ~:w-d!yood! bj,I_Fldosir~b~~' e~m'\e.!1i~ or ~'i.'J'W",r!:1~~~,': of p3 E] 1iiI~~If' ~n ~ ~IJi!d"U1!ojd._. '~ rel.a,y-s: c~n be ilIi~tMd lD, a .• c. I[)'[ d it. ([iJi __ ;'u"IJUUe,. Th~ '!.i'~ ri us ~~'pe$ of th~." rola,~, 3!'~j

]. Sole.mQ~d. TYFrM!' :' In ~h~;s., rrela.}"I· lhe pilllllD.I-er G], iflQol]. 'i:;::ore miilli~'ffi illlllOO' ,81 s.ol.eLi]J~id n..t'\d tl~J!' QP~r,(:I U~ ii;)i' Ith~ te'~!ly ti~~I~d~, (lin 11':bc' IitlOV~m-cn~' !!.~ the pi IiJI t"Ii..f}u I!".

~~ 1~ll\ld1!d A rmlWN T',Y1lH= ': til i~, relal' !;1!~:tln~ on th~, !!.'::UH"t!:nt ~~ t H:ng, Wlll'li!! !I;:~:Jl'~rrt~ hi '~frNU' (;ii_n::u~t ii!x~ds ~~y{!'IU:l. Ute ~ il'l1l i t'l H'l'¢ ~r.ml.1 lure ~£'I's. uUr.n~t~clI ~~)' 'lEw rH!I~.(,1k f~~ p~OOIJ~ by ~he mla:@!iii!ri:i'b~~ !i:!;IH@TtiI'o '~ ,fl!jJl mO!~: .rolHng of'

~'L. • ". :i." 'i:. r-I i L~~ iii .:: • m . . iI.. .,.

'U!lLe ,~r--QtH~' liETI, ~'il711Iiil~II~1 ~ ~,y s (jo;m'ifI«~,w p,~iiI!}'S iI11i'r1. ,~n!rtpoft~jjtJ~: ~~e' '~_fl, ~i,~' operaillio

~$- I~ iriilay·.

]~ Hal!lu:l~d! 'B~liml Typr : In, ~'hl~ !t~I_~;r, dle' a'~lii;~r.-.e l's ~~~tmEd ~o ~ '~I~n~, bgdm"ii. 1F!iJ:!I ~,'lIrmJll ~~ r Il'~nt'. ~h~ ~.,m Irtm;~ ~IllS ~Qi'j:l,(~llt.l~ Ib.:Jl.!I t whl.!'n [e'L~lttli\~ I: \,~~"'"'k"d~1 Ui~ ,!l~ lure ,\:~ '~'IUril~~:!..~ ,.uu1 I~!)rtl~ ~cb t~ I tl,~ ~;iU~im~ U'li,e n~wK-d if!I~~r~U~,(]n ;

'~ B- '", [-II'~ ~hJI!1i" .. _-: .F~

II .. , ,,.;iIi; ,lnh.i1iU"'IL __ '. _rYPG _ '_' ~,'.I''''''

~, ,r.el~:rs 'WQ:rik 01 h pf,~lldp,j e of an ,ei~~rom~Sil,~UC ~ndl!~fh:)iJ1J. c~f..~e \i~ I()f U\ese 'oo~:a!y!!i! 'I !Ii ['im!'ltti ~o' iii "co. q1lJcan.tUii,e!!!, DC' '!!g,] rii~s 'Iy,pes (lifo 't:'~ N'~~a~·s. 3r~'1-

11 ~l..l1j, - '_1"1' " D'· - ,- -, - '-I " ~-, ,~a:.!' ,-- - ~,-'" - - ,-iii,.,. -I ;41~ -~" .'!Ii ' I~' ~=.J iI' - -,.,. - i.." iI!-~~'!i.i!i"

~", !l.n,!!!!"~~rJiilln,1 H 1,]I1M ,. ~_D n~ ~!!!!, fCH11Y'. ,ill I'ne.r-. ,~~ ~,_, ;il,!kG,_,.~, ",0 rpli.J!l.;:t~'!;; '~,t '. '. ,m

tiP '~W\11 ,cJ~d~m.~et~, 'f.n~ el~iromilg-,wl'.oj jU .. 1' ',"I'h·~~d by n'~~~-~Ufil_g ,~~ ~Hl~L Th~ [W~ ~'pPS ~f constrJl~~' 'U~ for thb ~Y,~I aJre !!i~~rll~1 po-lle ~ ~~d, Wi!l.IUi~_iI4'!l!U' ,meb!r ~ne.

I~'~ '.J~'

'1 '" ~II

'1,,:11.:1 Di foGictlonl'l l'JiPe R_II.,..

n'l.~ ,1J!i,;,~frj)1!Il I!o"Q~k on ~be' (UreltJii1!fDI 1M Cl'I!If l"eJlN:i; Q;i;' ~11!~'if:!,Ij lmrib~" 11'11 lbJ~ ,~i![~U1~t. l~e ""~~{fi~tS, tj':F,x;:s ~f n~· ~~,:s ,~1~~j

'~_ :R:~1I~~iil:' ();.~n't ''f)'pe :: '1!,'h~ rclu}'1' is. ,O'd!'!!Ial~~d. '!Il'.\"lmelfi t1"1'e' din...!"C.1::1on ,!l_ll" t~~ e!l.l~i[",rcf.l~' 'b 'f{I'\f'i!'.s~d O§ ~, IP.h8is.e, u1 tili:e .~H·Rn~ OOt;!I1JIDe-', JIi'{i!:Fi!' ~h:!liiili ~he' pr!!i:d~ ttl mil in~ ''i,;,;il:uc.

:!'. ,I~ ~,e~~~ I",Qwe r 'f:YlPC I:: lnk" ,~l~\,~, ~ ~f,t~liia!tf.-d 'w~_r.~ il~ ~)_J~ d is;p~"r. nu tU lb!i.':h\,!1~'1i;.~n, al~}.F~ ~oo ,,""Dltag~ ~n-d!, ~tllrn:'!f11It tii'l!tt..l'in~, a! s:pedft~ "';'ll~~,

1 ~8.A, Rela,rsl Based ,on TIm Ing

I~~ -'il""~~"" ,,,'b,,, I~,r-"" ~,iI:~''''''i'i' ~n""t~"'1 '"1'~ iI'!illi1Y iTI!ftifttr.,~ti!i'!!n and U!O:lt.1"".t· 1:l:1~' w"h,~ ... '1)- hi '~~irfn:l"~ ~~l _ OO=tll} ~ ~=.IJl~ii !i!!.~!!-~ 1~~1Ij __ ~!I! _ ~_._J!'~!.l Uti! !ljl~: » "!r__!"r _~ _~ ~_ ~ _ _ __~ _ _ _.II!!!I_ __ _ _ _ l!J ~Jru -- ril'rr" ~

i!liI"fI 'it'11inf,"~~ t,1i!;;.,1:" p~~oo'; ean 'bt~ 1Q,u..n,tirdlled, Jhis ~.~, !~ liiJ [hfllJ . ~~lifli \.!i~ 'li:!ine--'; B.aSL~; 00 IIlfJ51l.S., 1~1Ii1~' ! ill11'L!J' nod O}f~ ,I'm . -n.~~Jf~~ ~lji ..

It :1"':!Ililfl~'~ fU·~u~ TF-'IPI' ~ ,l~ ,thi~ trre' ,no' hrn~' i~ 1.\ii.Slt i,xol~w.«1i1!J ~ra:~ ~{(r" of '~b!)' and ,t ~lpp:j'"g ,~t; ~~t~ts~ No lrU~Jj~ Unu~' dtday is, p~~~d~d-

'2~ ID-fl-"~-: 'TiD""!' liI4:" Tiirp··e' :: lin ~, '~,~,i'\Ioil! irl!~'tlmitl2llIDll a £lI: ·f!rtiH-" t',~, ~;;';Q." rs;

. e llJm.:e .'!.l_.. - -,Cll l!-tl'll"· _~!.l -_- ,:i'J"r'- __ .. -.~!.l •• --- jlJ -- --~-----~ !ll]=. - ,!!:I! I ..

r~(nrudt'"4'l: bct~f'~"efi!! ~rafiO'.l'I! Q} rn-:elil1y ,amd Iripp:i~: IOtt ~l'l"lirl.,

J 1[11\1 e·Me 'fIi.ml!' l:IS typ·e ;: :~n ~h~s t)ijpef.' ~~, t}:PC1l'.;1~~ I~g ti_Hh~' is., ~p~'}J':-Oli: II~iW Icru~,' ~ ~~,'!.'(] ril'i~l~ fll m l~r i]!;~fI~1 tQ ~he' m~sni I1ud~ Qf m~ ~rtl1!lt~ [iL, • ~!l.1 fi'ill i~y.

,t ,.1.51 Diltlnct Ty,. ReblYi

11hese :~e~,a:~~ \'itH:i!D:;, on l~ :ptiirnCiple' ~ ~reme:llt' of ilifOU,ilg,e 001 cur.ront.' ,rn.~.~. ~1'Ii tbi~ ~,~~ t~~, ~~' it'!."j) ~~s. ~ (loU I~ ~ 'biy ~u~~~I~ '"'hHe' 'uther -b'J' '~oh.age;, ~ 1~~Rl~~ p:r:oo'u~ 'is Pmpruti'Oml.iII'I ~ ~_e J'i;il,OO e€ the 'm~ q,uarn:t:i~ies. 'Whefil lie fliatio fCJ.cill!.l-]!""i; bo'~~w .Ll sc~ '~'il:I~I~;I' ~l:1c' 'rc~lf 0lpe(.~·, '[he Y'''!ri(]!us, t~IX~' ltd t~ 'n.~~y,t!l .J n?' ..

. 'Imp~d 10 nee ''f'"'JiPC: ': ,liIil tb 1:5, I,ype~, tDe I\.iiti~, Q~ 'vol,t..1!e 'I,,~' ~~ fifl'm ~ b IMjt~,~ hll but I iJl'll11pt~'D!n~1 """'l~ID~ Ii§! :pm~ni~lli'nli~ itOl nte Giis!ll'n~Ei of t~ Iri]1.JY :rtl:t'ill'i! ~~ ~.lU~t poi:r.lfL

2, ReilC~1iIilil;re ~"pr : n.e '~r-a'liDg: time',~ ~r~iQn!l~ fo ~, t'~a~h!_noo which is :pJji~PQd:i'Q.liIal 1:0' ~, d~~n~ ,~f the' ~~ ,~~m, '~ f~~J~ ~m~·.

]" Ad.wdUa:n¢ti Ti~' ~: 1bj~, 'I~ 'I~R ~ldledl Imbo ~P!!. II1J U~W", It;Y~~\r UU:j' 'U'\~tlID'iM; ti ~ I~ pf.~ro~i~1 ~ Hl.eJ lIdm;UI~'.

t~8.~e, DI"!'entfal 'W". Rei 1,,1,

~ d~ii'l-~-- ~·a!1 ~ ;jI~ , - --~, ",.~t. _.- ..... "'" ·t~· "j"tt f Ii; ~l~-_- ~I ,;:'i!!, :_!!L.·i!:~;"·L~ '~~l ~!'!;i"" WlINe1], u!liE ~ ~!~Or Ullm€:r~Roe 0,.' 'Ii,WUlI 'il;n: m@~ !G."'~l~~.te!l!!!

q,uamnlies :un '~he ;[1i~i~: iin ':whi.eh. :relai~1' 'is ;filll~lll1i_@eted., ,~:ioil.~,,(':rls a ~f, r'!1~]ue'" Tht':Ml' iil.iJe diil5l!iTned ,!i!.~j'

~Y~.R"r~~

- - -~~ -- _II - _~ __ y_.

'ru.. CtUft.llt 'DUf~rmtbJ Type ~ :I"~ ~.~ I)~. the' :t:elaJjf l~m'paRM.J, tfi'e '~lUfeft~· iflilrering' ,a [~~, ,of II:he :s,y.sle~ ~ I~ ~r.:renlt: :I~.\~rn,g ~ ~UOIl. UDder f.:i,llillt: oondUion,· ~ e1lIRilnts. aif:t!' d).~t'.

:2. Y.o1.-~' D,if£'el.entdl 1'~i! :: liml dii.i5! ~. -two b:~Uil'Sf~rme:~, .are ~. 'The

~ l~ [Ii" ~:IJlr'~·

~]itutllll'l~ ~f t~ tr.~fwitU-~r:8 ~ro' Im~ted :UIl. ~r,ie_s 'wi_~h Itl~~e n:lay ~J'!l 5EiJl,~

~'IIly that, l_lle i~l(b.!I~ i!Mn.f.~· ~ 8t 1~,~i1iQ!:t i.il1dcr nonrna'i ~nd ~t;if.}1'il.S. LTn~et' r'a~I~' ,~d:ittoo.. pmnam~ C~f,ry d i'c.._frI~t: l1.:rfmltJ dt:.l~ ~fI Iw"h__iih ~~cd. fMJi!i='f.~ 1M' l~g,~"r.' :~iI,m ~n, ~p~ti.on. ,tlH, 'I'MI 'mI:ai_y ,oper,a,te!;,

'1,8.,J Other T'YIFM" 01: R.a.,s

Varn~, ~ther '!Jpes lof ~lrafY'!!' -whit:h aeR' ~ [Vlrl p:r.-a(tice rlre,

1. 'Und C'I' 'YJU'I,'tll,P'i wumt. pGW!tll" ~l!l.~' ~ "Th15, IrelD", O'r."r'lt~ wnen Ithe ,~~Jtll~~'~' ~wre"'t Or ~}WN hr., ,~ ttr~i'~ f~IL, WO\M ~ ~t vDh'lc.

~ 10Ir~r, voJJt';l5e~, Hlfl!ent.. POW!!r:' rt';1~y :~ ThiSJ ,re~~.y ~~h!liiit~, w~, U1ie ","';(ill lase'"

.. , ,.:.TIjl. - :' .• -. ,-~'''''''''' " - I~' ~'''''''''I'.ji. r"i!'-£N<j, ".i!--";'"·-r_"', ,,. .,....,,:ii, "",· ... ,'11.;'"". oon~ .. l Qr ~,"!E'.IO. In ,ai. C.I.I· ... '1 .. d,~, ",,=,,1 "",~iI.," ,!',!!, ~,~, ',,"'!;!J_'bl!.'1;; •• ,

,~ n~.;1 :R.el.y :: TIiI,w, rrelay' ,aG~~~ d ~ 'W th-e !l'u~a.t: :ptoou~ '~y '~ 'cur,~~: in ~he ~el!lJ' >CQi I.

~ RtdUler R,1~7 ~ 'In ~~js, 're~~y", '!1I1_e' 1~:UJa_nllties ti.l '~ !i'l •• i'nS[;>d ,~r\!!' irndiJi~ >:100 I~I Sh't"r!! 'Ii~· fl'w rn~w__n8 ~U u~!'~t of 1~.tI- ~.y",

5. I~~~m.l~;ml: M~d IMovb,-s 'ColI, Belill' :0 ~frI thi~, ~~I~y, n~~ ~~.ru Ylrr.yiln,g Cll~'t [-5, f~ -to '~!1~: ~n. 6e ma.gnetic €leba of ii ~neLrd' ru;,~ TIl~ is, ~ {'Of d.1!:'. on~y,.

,&,. ~SblIH' Ke~iii.y :~, Th_l_S! RI.a,y y~ OO~ cTt."drom :Jru~lUu;d lOr: ~si~g; the ,a~iafiin;g ~1'IlI Hty. It: u~ ,:I, Itlt_ii]Dil~ Ci_f;~il

"J. IGH' Q Pl~'lted RI'I{Y' ~: l~ ,ga_[t pi ~~!!iiu_~ 'i~ !ldJrutOO !!1«lfirding; IIQi Ilbe ""nm1a Il~~ im 11llii!(~1 aematina' ,j_'lU"':imtil~., Th±!!!, ;L'f:ilS, iI'!i,~ ... _ni ~s iiJ~ tYi ,I!!td~oo 'nw~ ~ii:1'1il.

!rlJ .~, !II,],'- !CI- If ~,

B:a_.('h_'hO\~~ :mll1~l ~, ilUlIJ, '~:W:lnlwpJl:e of su~h Itype, of r:el.a,y.

1,.91 TI&ginol,ogi'es· l!IHdl in P fDIsct'we, IbIQi_ngl

'Thg ¥[~ri~,mlE! 'te'rlm_i~I~re!ii ~ :m ,the 'p~j~".-g :n:laty ~ng: Q ro'.

'1. Rfotcdl,yj; !RfJ'liIII)' ~ It i;, ,~n, ..,.I~trit'al 1~I:aiy~ wh_!kh cl~1 U~I ~unil:;ti(;;~ 'whtlil ~_[1!j ~d~~ni~; q,UIInln.y ~c__~ ~ ~crta~n lP~t, va ~U~. lI)~ IIt1l1 dtlS~_g of' (l~'U'r!.bc~ rol~ly ,intitiates ,a m,PI ~KU\t ·of' ci~it ~~ 'Qf arn, a1armllrnmuit

'"1.":"_, 'Q.~!Ii-'IJ" "1'\'['_"'"' I-t· ~ ... , .u._.., ~~£i; 'L.....:L._ .• ~ ,iilf-~ msmnf; ,o:-~f' I.:"'u"/I~ ,~~"""''''''", __ '''-Li; """"d'- iiJ...;:o

M ~ .. ~. .I.: ,.U,L"'1.r. _ laa "_Irlll:: l~~~ ~"W. ' _' ~lm;;:, _ .. '. J • , lilA, _]1 ~'llR_l!lIJ~'IIIII,"__-"iP IP.!!J~._ 1Y;1_~

'ifrlstal:lf of' ,~'iosuwe' ,(I "'~y ,mnla_~.,

,., 8M-DeI" Tt_m~ ~~ h i~ -the fi'mc' between, n,e' ~n-Slari1'_t ~~: d1iW11: 'bpz.l'kel: Of Cl-,ii'teS, and ~ ttl_CI ronb.m .. to 'Ihe ~_n~-~_lItt '0" '~l:tim8)U~Bhimg UiH" iitIC (~p~~bilry';'

,1:1. .. ;I:WU: ele. riO! T~mit ::1 l~.c' ~f:!itd tJ~ ~ IJj u~~ ~ ~"""'1~·n I)~ uF~til't~Iii:t gf (;" y~ t ru:1!,[:J f~.e· .ln5t~iIiI I' :of l.;linfll~ are [·nl~r.roJrti~ iIi1 ~h-.!! 'CltreiIJ' t· bF~.1AE!.'r' is, :t,'!!lih ,C"~e~rinli; ~]me"

n ~t!l; S",~i"'tlI ; r ~l ~ ~ ffiBi ~ ~~~C" ,iii ~'Fmii.i]' ~ .. 'Ie " f "

~.' ~ •. , .. !J;!:.~. i!.). tre1!i."Y .~m,e ail]. iQL . '.' Jea elrum:'f'"

,5, Ft~t~p; A r~~ o!,)" .i~ ~'ud ·to ;be ~ :up' w~efi ~,t Ji~UJ"res f~o:m. ~Jlhle ·OF.F rpoS~UOD ''0 ,·O~"' 'p '1~ iJjifiil. 'niWI5i ~~ltem 're~~)' ~w-e1J!1[~ it ,Uiil, -. ~ id H'IJrnt re'~~~JJ ~l~b ~"th.;,·~~d iUlf!i'.

16 Ph~~UJp VilhJofj: [~~ lsi lt~~e !I'liirlni'n1um "'iI'l L~i!' ~f ,f'! fiJ ~diiJ,J!~ I~ itl WI ~ tlll'!-y :d 1';'1 ~11i. , I 1~'~Aly S~H~b! ~TII'~ill'lig. ~:~~ .~.tn.$!' ,of f~' !!J11d~~ ~ l[;tdl~~'Hn~ I~ I:!!Jn~i I] i ~ ·C:iJ.lIi!."fe!fllit l:'ll t,'RiI€' ~~~ay ~CKi:~. ,!'j r.d pic~~ !;II" ,,!.fl!ll:u.~ {;~ ;C1i_jjrem~: 'i~ 11l~:Uca:~d. ~d.om:g; ~~.i ~~ ~he :re·lmJY.

~., Pro',.@u:t ill! R~d~: A :~~.~.j,:jJy itt. ~id 'k(!1 d__;ru.pmn· or Il:'iesel ""d;um it CD:Imlt'5. baik '!(iil '~Ji'igbl ~ I ~OOmml i.e, whe.!I'iI. reI.:ar oom'~i:ld~ QP~n fr(illn i'~ elesed fios:~~i;jJ[l- Th~ 'v,i~lfJi;J .' ~t· .111 ,H.iuil'~ ~ng ·qY'Ln1lU~y If!::U:r~cr!.t W 'vo'lit.!1~!.'! ~Iow '!/i!trNcl~ tJ\~~ ir~~_.l'~ rt~~'j. ls ;(!,~~ hl' II f!P.1it!:1 '!),\i.:li lu it (.'i f th~I~' rolli,:)!.

8~ TimtJ· Dil'l iI~i' ~~ 1 h~" ,time ~.1'~1'11i bf 1~liiIi)· I~O 6.pcr,llil(" .~~~l.'~ ~t ~~ "" ~'t!;i~'"t dli.l ~J'!!..il~~

1s 'c"<1·~~Bd tim_~ de~ay of rel:a.~.· :Sa~ 1r,!l!la.ys. atr·~· i~staJNJb.n;OOi,:t: w'l~l1Je ~'1iiiJ .• me

. t'·"I"...W'.i"o :"~'~"~'.~"~"1'."'." ... ~'J.,.., ,.... !i;fl· ... , ~'~ .,.Ji""11 .... !Ii.. f .~'", 'p~ "",....,J::'Ii~.,:I1

~ ~A!"F!<I' ~~ I!I~~II,;~ !,~" .. !q.I""'!!!:1 ~ l~llJ,I!I~~ ~'!O;~~.J' iJ._" .. ~'''''~ I~~~

9. &~U~g R.¢~.)"'" D!T :"oldi~g 'R!!llil!.rs ~ 'iJbe ·re'~~.Y ·oonbru ·ailJe de.sjgn.ecl f~r [~ghit wui8h~' !uid ht']il,~t" they ,i'ili'~ d'njf ueffim '''''my d;Qllt~-',l~e'. ~ ~C;III l~~l~' pr11tt:~l1i'~~' ~m~ I.Y ti~f·· H tL~ tI'Id'i ~l!~1, f~m 0tJHI~~ ,d'!\f~~ •. s .... Il' r us ~'i tli:'W 111g, h i Fr~,

'I.l'!~. ".I. ,1'rIfl'~ du ~~~ ,~r,~' .t,-e~~f,IDrniJ!C"t~1 b,I' 1I'!J.!I~i~,ii'nrf it1.'b)~J"1!\<I~;~~ .~"i!!.t!i ~i~J!;!) ~ll ~ i!ilJ'.1]~{f;;':g, mi ~ll" ~ I!J: h;f~IIcl! i rIi.g :fela,y:'j~

Ill!" C1,!lm"enlt Sdilih~,g, il TIil~' .p~dk '!.lIp' 'lJahle' [ilf ~!i,iI_j'~ttM (;~JtlJ .~ ,~t~j;;.~!'ed. '~Ol ~'he requw~"d ._ l!e-ve~. in. '(~el re:1.o1YS, w.h~~h,.:is talloo fljl"Hftt $ftlti~: IOf' ~haj~ m:~~y, n is ,~);ohle~re(~ by !~~~ of' ti~ pFi,in ..... PI ·the :r,elalY mlll' ~hi(__h .a;~. bro~l~h~' m ~. 10 ill 'PhJJ1~ Ib;rid!g~ a'S ~'hQW t'Ii i1'fl. '.:Im 'I~~~~'~ s. T]t~·. ·t~lr '~\",hn~1 ,al • ·~rp 1i"!'~M!d in ~~rms {~f ~r:-(\t"fJ~,hl ec It'llJ i!1 1'il3:d r.1ti_n~ I~~r IIi;;~r !"!.N:l~~ 1I;,!lfl:E"J\f;]Ilimef ,(.:. ,.) Wi~th w~'i eh rt~lliJl.)' ~ ~ .I"'~~.kll~~.~.

~

:Pl1:ig ltl 00 I¥!'

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FIl:l , 1.9 if;!!Iipp~ "011 'c;unmt ad ..

~ imI ~~:5 ttrie V,iJll.'ill~ of p~ek~p' i!i:~I.riIie:l'Iit i!:'.cl] n ~ ~I:iifrled ,~S',

R.': ... '1!~ll:n. ,""""r~'" =: '1;'('- 1""'1,~....."r;;!Ii' l"~~riill' :;;: "':ii~~ ,~...:I""n!i' "'iL"~ri'Li;· '~".;if"'.J ~--rt.~·l~ lr'" !i;;; ~ './~HI1111~l II!~ !ia.1~_LllI-I!I._"'J!I~~ ~'~l!l:~ •• ~o lljl~l.~ lJ.III!I.,!'II;l-~~Mi+.i .'.1: '!Iii ~~Ii lli ....... :nl ~in ~!I' r

it!_, 'II! iF' T • I~ itA ,... ,. ...~ . ..l A " " i!'i .. ......jj..:il...... .• ~

~;:JUI. iiii' IL'~ ,Il,. lS ~'i Yl ,ri, I~_,ie·. :ra~.tiU. 5eCMyarrr WJif'¥Ht 1'5, ,~.'uri, ,[ij,uw 'l~~ C:Ufl-erI!t ~IitUiL;g !liS

Th3l] lh~~1 pi_~'k!i:Up' ~il,U1ie_nt is, W.5- '~ :10 :!: 1:; A ru,.'e" 11~ 'oJ HJ. ~I w\lllem lrd~y ~'i,1[~ ~~t:lrent ~rtHtc" m.m ''ll' IN;lIl!11di ~o' nic...kl.ln Yn'~ues rtlOlI,ll' l~illt.eI!!.

i3 l!i ~ [! ~'''iII- ~!r" 1(1'" - ~~~ ~--_~ ~!r"-"_~

'U. Mu! S~UlnB MuJllipli~fJ (P .5;~1.) ~ ~ ~I!l!d~ .0:1 !1duai ~'!rUJII: '~fi~t ~n th~ ~I r ~ ,d ~ h: th~' ,!C1i:l]!P 'cu~~'t' ri~. ,cal~ pilll8 !M1!1if;~ng my~ tl']~l' 'i 1'[I'.'5.M.) ,M~~'l;u~mH~~iIlU;r :i~' ~1lI, 00' 1~,p;r,e55ed. ,~:i;..

I~ a~ be observed .t f'Yli Ill~, '~iIl'h.l~ 1~1 tlV~t~ Iiii1 iii .... jC"IIffliI:i!~ilitJ'ft." '_ '. ""2~''''''''''LI ~ c. _ LUI!! i!;.M.1!O; -lIi'".~ ~ !III! -'~_~'~

~tne wriS in!\i,~r~y Wlf,b idle IWrn81t Bi.u· ,:filS!, Ihe c;~~'t !iru:_re-ase;s ,~pd ap,~l1~ 'Ppto' 2.9 ihlmes, lts lVa.tecl 'vllih,re u,J!O I'~e' ii ~ ~m4._"'- i1'I1lM~' ~.tm~', DJ;, type ~f ~~rM:~.iiC!, :I~ ~l~.ry to ~u~ d~dmin~fi~

,;i"'ft!i ... '_ " ~ -~ ~ lioih-'· ,;[b 0, '.1' J~'

1!o.!",'J~ 1I:.~,l~' ~i~I~O . lilillil. ,~

I~I:S; :i~iin,fl through hn_1.titi1Ily IPlilft ot 'the $;r~.

U~tlll!g' thi~ rnf;'It~ Ittui tii~ml7l;g mll~,~,li!i'i-; l~t! ,~,dtl~m ,ti~ of ~~ai~om of' ill, ~La~' I~an be' ~taif;ied" ftrr il~m,plt, the ti1'ne ~n ~Ild~ ~tn:n.~~]fu:l it:'*S: ~1lJ1 :",S,M. of J 0 i5 4 ~~I ~~ sl\ow~, ~n, ~hr.' :fls.~ ·~ .. lOL M'u~l1ilf~ying l~b, by Q, 'ti~ltin! lmw.tfu,~iuf:~ ,~~ ~ i@.f Il,~r:atio:n can. N' Htam-ed.

'ill. l'Iime .. settin,iIP M:uUip- ;ttn' :: Similar.' liD aliment :sel1~Qo::, al ~~7 ,is 'IMi"I!1'Y:id~ w,Uhi

D. L!, ~ ... .~ .. ....,. •

a f~,~J)U1~' wi,11Jl1. ,~'!tbidl :i~~ '~~$e '!lid' '~)n~ iCilr.. [be' ~'btdl~. This ~'CfI!tUJrl~ is

:i.!'

~f-I'- _ '!I-1:ft1 ''!Il'"Ii..i... ..... ~ I!ii'S·'Ju .. '.: . -:. - .1 .1 __ ~ _~ I!I!!'I!!I!'I!:!I ~ rc-, •. .I.I!'!!'!!., C:..",.

kllru~ ~~ ,[I 8, ~~,m~S(]!tti~flS IIDiumLtfrp.,i e;~'. l~ cl ia~ '.5' ~a[ibmh~~ .t:ro:~~ 0 til) 1. ~n ~. oi' 0.06, ,us' ~~"'lIffll, Wu '~fig: w- u

11lfl: val u • !JIf

~~- ·UWt!l1 l~~~hIF~i~!Fr ,~~Oi1!g "; i~h ~h~' 'tJ~,ttb1~ ()bt~IJilited frtlRt lmime 1!1,S."iM., ,c!J:mrv'e d!Njees. !!th~, ,:ili.~bl ~~ '~~n'~' of' (~"fi"JJI1~m ~$ ~ 're11y. :F!];f ~:f~1.'ImpJj~ liJ l~i~""Ml'~ l*i1ng m~ IlilPLt~t ~s I~h~d~..u, ,I~ I!}. 2, 'Wl~ i~l" ~~ nh_!' ,il:(Ii rre:s,poliln!Ji M:8 ~ ,I)"L5.M:, ,of 1 t). i ' ,~ [f!;OOO'fi)"ls ~h(!lfi!I'

'14:. 'frip' C:hrcuit:: ~Ihc 'o,pftni'rt,g ~.~rri of ,d~~:it: ~llE1·,]'~r i~ 'oo1.11.'~rQHed ~f' a ,~it~\rl! '!I,\ kI~h ,~~'h31 {j!f' tf,~F' mUl.. I"t1!ta,lf' ~@ntae;Dl)o aJ!.l~ ~i h, wy ~wl tt:h" 1'.!I~~f} r. - _._ ~'iI' -lOb,!",,,, 'i "",1;'11 d ~..!IiIi"ii ~iilOr~'~~ i

,i'H] P,Fli,;r !!G" W,I'I!J!!;,J! ,~I ",",II-'i _ iL':., .:_,r1i ,~"",'!i'! I,

'l)&. i :Pliiu~ :F..u It. * • ~all).dl!: 'Whk:h. d.oes :not m~Q]v~ ~j,}Hb, 15 ~H~d ~):~~~, La lIlL ]file

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"" ... ·::.(mC "'v{r'" '~"'i 'I~-n- ,,"' ~I '[]'"'''' ';'''''I~l-liit_

~ ... ""'" '!U ,~ ..'L ,. ,~I!;!.I , .B,.. 1,,.,.,,,,,- ~'"

]I!':!!' '0 . JIj . ...c--. c .... m· • Th" ..... "Unati· -I, '!l ' , ··-ts .~- ~'il.f Co ........ --- - •

if" ,!!: ~'{h~~lIvt; ~J!!I'_ if!!.; ,",~e' 'Q1!fli'I..Ji,!!',IL __ on IVJ .. i!l!1i't((!l\i, IP!'iU~l'lC~~' Ie :s¥~,~~m5, ~iIi',e·aJ;lmg, a

i! I'~_ ·'-1- ~ 1'(~ii;.,-.-iJi'!l'!-. . -~ . I, L~~ :0 ,· ••• '11 ,";1· ',-" ~. r- '-.- >:rii -I '. • . '-I'il ,;I . c· - . - ". ..

~~ H(;i\LiLf P ,...:~""'"'~u .. t.'; l~,J'U':, 'Y'J; !II IP;!l!1 U~;J! L!li1i' ~"u.Jl,PI1H,-',J, I~ ea ~~!n PtJjif.loh,,.~t~~\i

~ ~It_--·. ~~1" ·~~:i!lim-:jj .. - , .. _-_ .~ .. - .~- 'i....... -:-_"'~d"'·JI 'N,!,;[!"-I' ~ -. ,., ,'n. " _-. I~··

~- _tl'-.IDJ:,'o !rlti_, Ii!'_c __ ptI.C ;Ii Gl:l1I;'!r-j_~'!o.:rI1 ~r !I;!!!& P,ro¥~1 \~~ '- - I~ 1 f" ~Ol!,,"i:: tll,'!,i'1I.: is} ""~ "~n"" lPL~

~if\~'e~~ r~l'" d i!I~~tlaJ~, 'e"~ buh' tIE. 1l\:e ~fnbi ~lli( .-IIlfll! ~$ ,~II U~~ sJSt~m. ... I~S ~a'~'ed, g~ln'ratm F~~tet';tl,¥t:' sch.eme!.

~~8. 'PRte(lti,ve ~S'J.'lan:~ 'The '~iMtKm M cittui,'~ hil"e'<lJ'kel'5,. trip' d.r.t.:ry:~~&," C"llt ~n~ ~he;r" ;p~~'e '~y]Qg' eqw,pments is if:an~d. ,p,If>~b.··dl~~~' ~)\6tt",.m"

lJlJ. Upjt Pmt~ ~ A plUt~~'fJ '~ I~.n w"hi.~IMJ tbt~, pr"'~t~e'i~Q_1l ~~i1l!I~1 i .. ,d£~_f~]( d;!:fiR~ by Ilhe IC.T. oo:wnKnes ~ ,~~1~:ed lil!i nii~' pmh,~h~u't. S~cll ~:!r'~t£[;I.l5 ~ o~k i~}r ~nte~ I, (\au~ml ~d~· .

. m, :leat'li;. ::: 'DIe :1~miUng ditst,,~, hil 'whicll prc(n~~:1~M~ Sly"'n~:rn (~PQJlds tilll ~.~ ~iljll.~])fS is! ~ :!m<IIirih of ~ih:@' iIil~ri,vc' '$,'!I.!",s.temL 'Eli"" ~-·r,. b ··Id ifh' '~'

- - - .!r:-. -- ~ _. J'. - -~~, ~ e~IE,·_,ra UJol1l, @.l{{)!11- I ~_e M '

d]s~!lflI.oo is, ,("-an~ ~[I'/reac'h whiw:' 'kiil~~ o.f d:lst:ancr.' re[ay wi~hWn ~d d_~tI~ ~ ~~n~ '~nde:T~~~

1 ,~:211

'1" ~ [0'[ - ..... ·:I·1!'IIi I·m·.an:lo Tr·j'l"n S"ii!'U!':I!'WI;a_, ",0 II. ,,1111 !II! , I'U" .IJ:I! ,!IL "-!III,," .'I,I!I:qIIIIIIQI'"g

:I!mI. lfute~¥y (:iI;l:~,~n!rs, ')!IDtid), h~ vcd:~;ag;e' a.e, li1:iOClJI!i tiS", 'fJme' mea~~m,~t 1!ta'ii1l1 :iftott btl, cloRe brj~' ~isiftg ~h~~ 'n:lethx~d o~ 1~~'~ft~lOn ot r'al1l~t~ lot ~!J"j,\1 !i,!)jn:g~' m~m:rs ~r :p;fQ~·.h~:~ng ~UJ~~!(I~I~

L" -~!il '~ ..... e, ,~'ij.. : A't',--:-~ ,>,-,~' ~l~ I I·-!> ..... I~,,~·~I -- ""1"-:'-'11: .. ,": 't ']1J .. t'liffi"ii" , ~1~001

SI v'LUh_" illJl ~'l.ti['o~:I, OO'JliI'''"'_t nms, :3peiEl!!lli119 COR. UlllL'CU:'Il.!IJ ,i;! eeurare [, It :[ji "1m, "S~\{J] ~_ ~ C~_,~,

.' .. ~ •. ' , ~ ,- - , I.-it:. .: - ~"':' . . -~~." 1 ._,l , " ' "'~, ~'.;. I, I ~ ~ ~.~ ,.·iljfu;· ~ ~ . ~iI:~"~ . "~"C" , '.

l,n!oLWml'l!b tr.'''''''!II;On'Il~!r.S. ~Ii'~~~ jj;,"UlI I""~ ~~'M.:"!!.!I", ~rn~pt ~1il.H. !J~ 'D'!~ \oUU18ti l'! "~~~rrol1

['.lli~ll~' IO-~ the ,[J,.J~', !:i'ft'u~ I '6i;t;;~ tr~lt'Bf~ ~miC'l!'!, imI(~t! ~ii'I~~t !,;;,);tl'f"ld I"hl !Il'..mgt~ Uif til· ! '!I!i.!

.a~,~'-lnJ,UmH~ltH ~n1t ~~I ~ru~~~ tit em ~~fl)~ tr.~g'~ eu n~,~~t .1 tlrd ~Ni~h v,t!!~~g'l' a s: ':'_:,~ "'i..~ "j'i'j"I!...", no"k""" 1~1.\o. -" .... ii'-~I'ii"-il·-g~ ''i.fLirr~~ ~f'll fio>;" £ft"e' ~-""-=-l"iI~}" diJi::!ls;u~m ,[\9 ~~

IWlrrun,I'.l-. ~J ~lllffi ~_~ I [llifI;,\.';S ~lilLei! ~ ~Iil. ~'I'!i!I U.1 "..." ~ _ !!O:,~ , t;'" "" _ _ "q;; _ _ _ " .. . ,I-

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~~ ~lit ~Wt:.l..u't-d~jr:m~it't;1, ,i;utii;l. (iil ~,Hi;lJI, h:,a'I1t"S'I!.J]'mtt~~.

The ~ L' I'j! ~]~CL',tJl i) Ij~ ~ ,"; eu ~nts wni~'Ii], lr:.Thn 1~1I~ ~ ~C~'~i'ld, ~f P ~~lri_r~'i~h ~~(Pf;IL~il i ."11111 fiiilcwfS , •• ud. ,,-l~~,'~Jffl ~ 1~'{1jU" !l}f w,~ !tlll~~h'ffi~ 1L"I1i!t'r~~i mr:tltffil"lli!i ('~-~ a ~f ~!''L1\~~'~Y:t' "d1 ~"i

I F CiI!I FrlIi'~"n,l: [ll!',:~r!iS f'ot'liftJ'i#rs ,~!I@li1g wi.'f'h 1'tfi1~m~'I!l law r.11ll!1l :inshiml1t~A~.

A. l~j1raJ"'5~O:t",~ ... ~u:, [~!5, .;] de-'lfi~.e 'Whkhl. COIi1l5~s~s: air IMU w:EmUng::t!, C.1~~.e,(r~ pr~~.l,(}!"!!!t'y ,i;!j!1t~ ~fU'Y. rut" 'b;DiI:1Isf~ ~m~~ryl' ififQntiJ, {"!ifi~ :sid.e ~ ;!)]1!(ith~r wHh ~l!!I!i,tab~~ Idl1iO'1l:mg;E' [un. ~~Ile: ik;.'![.'~ 'oF' '!l:1J,!iif~'~m~' O'~' '~1O"~i!;;~~~,~ ,~ ctliit'iI:'Criil 't.r,iJlflsf'orm_er bl'tsi,CSlHy iIit;L~ ;,1 pFliirnMtry iC@ill {!! [. .I~ 'ilJi' 'rtUUUc 'l'l:~n:t!Ol, of IlrR'."tll'r ,Cn,i!SI,:!. \S{!diol\oil. Mi~,J! [n SVrfiM:, ~~~"" b,lifi' !tL1I,'t'y~.n~ hi~h ~~~t r~wlr !.. d ,~ : ;;:i pr~~~ ~'Iry! 11~!~ _!oO ~Qm1ed~d l n : .!'i~ w[i1t.h '~h ~ iiftii!: ,~jlill'y.un~· :high mount.

l~e sectttld,a:l1 (iI.ff fJ1iic' tr~l:tl!S:fm:iC~ ~~d.c' up or .,ll l.llr,~ [~Il.lI,mb~!r !Of h~fn.S.

{iif ~.,.!..ii \\,'111"' ~'k Ii" i t~~ ,., ~ii:iI'iin

!\i .... !'loct lil1fl,; I J.~ Th~ i~ U"U~U¥ [r:;;~h~ f\o,r 5 .. ~, l~·h~.. :is ~OT"fi;'~i;)t:NJ., llJ ~h~ !~,,'.id ;[Jiff' r.\CI'l'l~ln~ [r'".J:n,ge" " '·tl:mjJi'~tBr'. SYimoo.~ic [~-epr~.ta.'ti~ ~f ~I 'curr.f.-t!.rtiI;tt ~ir'~fisf:~r '~S '~JS s'hO-W:rJJ ~fl! ~. ~ ~~g'" lJ,4:.,

'SHont:la!'}! c-.i~,,; .

[~-b'i ,-.;iIi!'ii .,.." "_-Ii ............ 'iLo.. .. m· ... ' r" ... ..11 III:; '!iiiU" ~".!"hi: '!I.If_'fW'!Orf, 1 .r

1~1',!,1 W'~~jnSI Prili1icilpl •

. ' b.n'U!;ltH:,n~ irs .J~' l~si~,~'~~,Y' .l!!:i1:'P ~L,p 1~1.'ifi~]U(m~;rH bit ~jj~pms up il \~o~t~,~ (T01'~ IH~ nl.1 ~y ~'{), ~~:rTIi(bl:'f. 'Thus, ~'he (;li}~n'1H: ~~, ~~~ 'hm]!! pr!(f,l~ ~~r l' In, iX.:@!i'I ~ (lL~~. :.l-

I nJilllll ~Ufrelfll t: pil1i~l~ gfJ ~i(!{w~ ~l:U,~Stl: ~!rt.! '!ij~~} dCln'n ~r~ n:~~orflllr:t"'!l~ "l.t!!.:pplll1lg d!il)~~llii1 ! ~'I;" eil:H'~I' "Utl!!ll\!' <;ffi\sl ~ ... n:~bl~ [froml ~:rr~I'Ili!.~ry 'i)[lil ~l!iLtl~'1 ry.

'Li~~. N~ NWlill'ber of 'mJmE '0'1 'p,ll'im~~1

~\ !:lI N~rmber of 'hn'ill1l~ of 5e(OOOillirY ~[l ._. 'P'r"m [\(-l(' 'I<;~u~nt

~~ ~ ~ondlry ~~~~' '!For ,rti tr~!FfI5fQ'~"

'I c .NJ:

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liLi Ii

,As N'4i [ts 'i,:!, ~,~I ~1ii1!ihl '~Dmi1i11i'~d. [ID IN .c ,_ rat]g l t~ m, s aese '!,,! 'r\!" l~klh 1m I.' F· \t

- .:: - t,;l.'0!' '1~ - - ~,r ~ ... -- ~ - ~ Ii< - -- -. ~- -~, - - -~, -- ~ ~ - --~- - !i. - - !:! !J

'b~J'uf,n:1·~. ~ll!,Qh III! ~g~f~,Rt ~on~ it i~iUika_ ,ffl<~' ,n.-,p:~blI~ hh~ rin~gC' I~f IOOD~J1t 'n"ilm:.h)l'1m~r." ~r' e:.umftl..,... l"""'!in""d-' ~[ ~I : ~ U,I'I;~ ;j.-h'~HI ~iI; ii:-'i!~III~ • .ilii;;~ ~'ka,i C,.'if tt'~

~ " ~ ~ - rr= ~1. ~~.~ ~ @ [j - - ~!Ii~!I ,~.r l~. ~I!J!: llilll I~I )!.~ ~~ !I~~ l.~,~ ~ . l~. ~~-'!»Ilf"~

d~i~ 'lite: I~~n-:e~t' 1~rEi! '~inhrna!~.', ee ~~' 'bw iii, '[artio' 500' ~o 5-

,~- ~l~· _',~. jJ

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t, :2,

KIi1(i!wi~'S ~hi~ (ryr~n! I'.!.Ut) Ii!!.nd m~' :~Cl:' ~~~dtn~ {1~ tb~1 ~,«]~tlElJry. IL1fit" J~I] ;toll 11.-.'" ~III. '-II ~' 1"'~It'"- 'nt, I~ -, I '" .. b,- ,m - J~ ~ ..... , , -'11-;- - =, "" -I ii.. --;l,.1 i , .. ;;I

1'!tL£i!ll JLt!;l!;,; l __ ~" __ _ _~)~ ~g ,rdi'O'WlJB!nl ~_lfY: [plill'lYry ¢OftI'!! ,,~~ ~IJ!!~ !fflj~!.

IE1!;mplll 't.1 ": iI l.§; • !1,~ ~,f.!!!I',Ftn.f ~mm!6f,m~' i~ IU_5£"d Ill'lUIlt~ ~L\fM~,~ a~ll! m~\I!'f.i;·Jl!:'iI"'. ~

~ - ~ - -~ - -- .... ,.... ~ ~ ,', '} ,iii - -,. '1IJ_k.,· . . ,I

lli!m'Uti'·~li.~,r rt:"rliilJ'l:r<j" ~.~ .:..' h~, !f$i;~malt ~' BIt.' ~l!lJi7'C~i,'.

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1:1;.1 t: as ~lm~~ :b! in ~tlIi1ii~" l~ :;I!I '2~" ,A

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" '1'"'!l!~ ~'o"-'n'-~iIf""~""'iIIi ,"" ;i'l!!·u -nt- ,": IiiiiiiiiTr~_~_~-: !I! ,. _ ,;iii II/;iII ., .,ILII IiH,o.UVIII~ UII Y I I!!" _. ~ 11'''' ~.I'!W!III!), ... q

There ,:lIi(l~ MQ ~'i~' 'of ;Oom:tru~I:riO!l!~ ~ ,f'o'r. -t'h'!! ,cut'ro.~l: '~~rufor,iiI:1Ie:rs whlh:aiI, Idlre." ]. W(j![~nd qrpe

2~ [kiJf !:"J;~~

't.t21.'il Wound t, ~- -, CurnM 'TT-.I~-~-'

- - - - - ,,. __ ~ __ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ _1il.I'U!!il!TI"!ll!'t

,I~ W!ij~iiPd. ty~ 1~~~tiiOllIii' iMle' :primal!)i' is WQuiI:!id Jtr~' ftf.IGifJt(l' I h ri n o~'IiC ,~U W-m ... nn tll't!' IIDre. The' romsl'llUdion iis shown, ~. the F"~, ~ .tl

~rIi, ~, I!lW VQ~''ii!je ~!,i.t1I'!!li\d :~Y1t an"t~~~ mU:'liSirurm~ •. ilk ~findi\ij~ iL"i~il'i& ~, ""GUnd. On iii, b~'kell~ Drirnn~W. Th1!l heavy pri~~ w~d in,~ ts dill'KtI} .. ''I,V·ound an IRe t~.P f l!lti:J' :sme(iii'liL'llilill~! 'Whwd ins: wHiI:iI, il ~l(]fLt[]"!1: -l'IiSu[t:I,Holi'i h'll ~~hVi~ ihe IWO. O~hil,;.."iI"!ovj_ itt; Ipru~:t:_, b w@u~.d dU1'n pi ro:ly '!p,p;}r~~~1' ,~nd i'1l"'lH! !~,_ _ wIth _ [~Ii _ ~ l.-! h_ iO;~,d';] lin .. ifm _ -ri~.1 ,~ncl,~ ,;.mb_ __ 'wi ~ ~h~,~ ~ry' I t~ C!@,ro,

11m' 'CI!;!J~t, IIw~J:om~l'S ~01t1l bu ~ , Ilypi!' OF ~;fjI"indG'!iI l~ Sn~~ corn 111DflIIly '1ISlJd ~F. ror Itb~ ~m:P. QJ ''O'ij.1~d~ Ii.}~ ruf~~I~' tfi!1j~r~TIfU!'~ ~,~ ~~lll~\-'Ii'n i~, rlt~ Flg~ WJ.' ~

Ffg~, J .14, ,I!U'4:!!n:pln glli "'QIf' c;g:n'"I!nt: '~ftIi" d:li'mj:cr. ' ~I

'1i'tm eCl([€ ,~l.e.rirul fDr 'wr;JUDiid :~' is nic~itm'il, !!IUDY 101' an lIln;enit~ 1~'lec:m~l, 'S- 'i'If'l BriD~ ~1tS!ti.lttj!!lllg I.e ~dsiry 'Wi]nd~ng ~fl ~~ 'ut: 1l!ii 'in5'l.d.aled w~lh itfi~ hcl, 'Ii!..m __ ~ o1!il.d. '~-Kum _~'~I, 'W~l'I'pB' oW: ~td$, :5lut.n Pr,\ii5'S. - ~ p:IIDvld@' liditll Unml

;1.!iJI~ ti~[" Mid pi N.~titln Lg t - -. '~,!!.'6m,tin, " I dl ml!'l:S'~ d,~ ~ I U 1 ,PI.J'rp ~t1im ~

Bi!IIl!if~ p:t!!mary

I

~-QI\Ii fJ1!llILiJl_iQ.l!Ii

Tbc 'i1m~~'llill'ti'~ID!1 IM~I rl'Lt~ hill:' type' p.rbna ry lis, ha~'~i:ll'1lc-d J~~il~ ittIli~ 1t\i"1'I' ~ 'rt"SJn d l~"djy ~. ~d,d(-d! iQt1 fhi!.!' ~'ljr. ''''[ltd1J 'bar tv~· ~:ri_mM"if I_:S Htl' In!k-'''Ii!!;Taill ~~ {d Ute' w~i

I? lr' ~!IF .... ,§ '_G ~.-=

~, JiI'1&ffiIU-;<;r. The trop aI:t:J ~h-~ ,~~m'tjjIJw M!hlit.~in""1il1 ,~I't!! i'l!i;lm m ~I'r t'lt.'~· ~~~i'liNlliF::~-,., -~ -- -- ~ ~ - _ - --- -~ -~"- ~_ _ _ ---Q'- --- '-' ---~ - -- J If"' ---- -, _!J~_ - fr_

1 he SL.'1!Il1I,:piIrrlg.s used fDr ~'l'lIe' ,1:amil1li8 iiiilllllB il"ll '~I!U,renJ~' ~;fil!1!!1Sr~ml~rs mruS'~: .h!Jiii.\',," high t:rm~=""'Hii'iirl!aJl i:U,1iilll L'h.~'·~1 i:1U1; ;;"!Ir,d~ni:1tt''U' itiir;~!i:'I",i.-.~i"!'!'_ D ,--~, fJ"l! '~h~!!:i ~'iI:-~' iO' ... b~"""'!i",,"-;A ,- f th ... ,

IIJ ~7-IT~~~.-~~,p,~ .-www' ~_~~ ~~-!I w .~ ~!~ ww~--'--.~:J ~ ~1!I"!!,lIl-~~~~r ·_·U~ ~.r' w ~.-,!l _~~ ~~~~1w-'~-~~l~~.~ ~ .I.K:

[1itte~if!ay.ed. oOcmeriil :1ie1fIt~ins, ~s ~Q'w !lS! ,pm;smje, :H~n<;e d"te ;t"C3'1res,JJ!!tml'itUng mR,~n,s I~frreml.~: i~ i!lJ!3Q 1_.alt 'f.hf. 'wililld~ arre: Ip~ 'IIO'-ery ;c 1.0 SC' ro elli~ Q,thcr ~ !lS ~o lr~~~ ilIw ~'"~ k_d~ ! rtl.u·l~ I~ ''Fi@; III viiJ!~d th~ !t~~a "di£oo'~ lrnL 1b!l1i' ~y,p;;. lr~ fYfJilru·M'j t'h..:' ,~~"lmlaJ ,dl~~OO-.r ;fJ ~ th -. ~~ ls Iowp~· ~g~.

~~~ wit1l\~U~:~g~ ~'Ire SU' d~igr.t1cd ~hili~' ,~!"jtht:mlt 'd~:~l!lg~, li~~y ean 'W.U~~W:1lld ~tut I. ~ rCil.!i!i~ ('(]frees, which mal'. k ,ca.'lll§c;d, ,d~G ~ ~l'it, d;rcu[t ~ ~h~ ~ireuU :~n '~,~ic-h te Cll!lfre~l~ 't.riil:i:1l5f~f: '[s, ~.~IlU!d.

~_t "'m,",~'1 'Iii: ...... if" dMilO'''-- f'b ... 'tarw ,3iiul ''!.'~m'l;,;'h iol'ifcU· 11J.j:'~ [~II ' -~-]ailoi"'" F if r--

~ <.!'_!j~_!i-I!~_ _~~!!'I;O _ _ __ ~-.;;;~" = '!;;" __ ,['-~ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ _ __~'I!;; _ ~ _ ... _ ilLll5!iL __ " ""n. OJ iIJ_ !!.II"\e

. . ~l iiliFj,es ,~.d'i!ove ';' k\4' too' oil i m'lm;'dl~f;'.sed !!l!}:r oomp::n,tnd fftU~ !Ei!.Lnfrn1t ,tt.·uTIlRf~if':_1"S ,a~ iLb,_~04.

1,.13 My' Second • ..,.' ,01 C:.,T~ ,Should not bel O,.n l'

:1 t: is 'very ~llljp~fJ:iti"alll t thaI' d'1e :se:ooodaty o( c:r. shrnd_d 'not 'be' ~ep~: O~;, lEiiU:'8 U :m_h:1 'be s'hU'~ ([if' :m'lllliSt' ~ ii;:'Q:J1!~ted. :in :Sl!1I'.ies, 'W~;tm al ~ :~!kt~~ iidip:i~ sucl:iJ 'Mi .W'r~~' QQ~~S ,of Wi!!~ter~, ~i"J~l ,pf,' ,~ml1'U!l~e~' t!tc. ·U: ~t ,is :leJt ,!pi;'~ ~h~!l 'Y:rit1~n!t ~b~iY_ ~~. g:n~E'Ioj'," bt'~{~~es i'R:~,@ he~~c ~hli:' ,!;l_m\~' WJil'rJ.t!! 'pf;flId;l!iI!:i~ b}1 ,~~~d_~_~ ~.~~h,

~illlt·~t I)' f~~~11 pH ~~f}' iI1j'm~er;-~ 'hu~sl bty,fj!o~ ~m}. i\s ~lit'fr~ ,t!i, Irw; I~linle,i' Uil.I~~,lf.", P.1;II~~ ,r,iMar.r ,1Wt!,~m~~., ~~ m~,@ ktnlS, 1 ['lOO~~ high ~~:!( ,m th~ !or!~'e. Wh~s l~tiOd~~'eS le~G~ss{~v,e rom l~li -:heat~ng the' 'roTh" beyond H[Itljts~ Silni~~~,Y 11L~"it'~r' e-IIfiJfs '",,'illl~ ~ ~~ ~~ on, t~ primi1ry' and! ~!M1d'J 11'" !ijd~. ThlLor; Im:a,)1" ttlm~g'(!' ~h~ ,in~adlll~l!f)L\ (iif ,~ ~mdlLf'iJg. This ~- l~~sej' from tke aper~mF' pomt' ~f '~i~w ~~ ~~~L. it 'is 1 ~!'ol~Jaru to ~f~~~~ ~h~ C.l. lilA tlme ~onda_f)' s:~de' 'I(i]; illtold a I!l't~_ogtl'r I~f ~~tK_-,k 'l:Ql th~ lJPE'~'~~1!!11.

~-I~·j;'!,(j(· 'fJile"!,l'c!r' 1~~,ifiI I~ ~d~ry Wiij'iJj~~hll-l: '~~f~~lt !!'lIf ,81 '~II1mn~ t;r~1 fomli"!1" whi~t1! lib. lp'fi~m~'~~' w 1 n!<~ ~:n,g tIi! eneil'igfsed.

st.~--jj)IIlrl;1'r; t~r,nrI:una[s. \\\i~n the' plrinlary is ~@i ibE' ,en~[~'~edr. '~1rne i5~hm 1!l:~:ttllJi,t' [i.[J]Jik lmjli!~l blo d(;t~~J ~~ 't"lhat there ~! ~ ~~!ilg~( ~f' o~ ,~iF(~ ul 8coondalry,'.

'IriIi1;e' 'oo~i~ pr,~n~Lp le !IlifJ: t~ tra i;1jt~dp:trm~iIf,~' 'i~1 !i.ilJil1e as iGi.:iHI:"rt'J1~' ~rransfO:f,~iIi1!,:,!]f;",s\, TI~i!t' hi~,l

·-1---:- - Jdi h~' ·:o,;r;.'I~·a;[i" ,,,,r~ F',,-:;l' -,,:,,,,,,--jl' in ,n if.",",'_',-I iflj. .. ."..Ii'I!il\''I'''I·O... f;""'~~ .,1..,.,. '"1"''''''~'''''I''r'::'m:: ;:J;nljl" 'n' 'II"'~ ,;;!I ,~~~ IiWI 'ID '" ."..-I~ .. ~"" ;!;II ~.~ !!.o;,'"g!!!iIi:;,~ "~" !I ,I.IA~, !r, ~''''.r-'''''''~' .. 1,1 , ..... " ~IJL'" ~.,""' ... !!. ..... "" "" ,il ,F"-'" t.'-~'~

'~IJ;. 0.'1)..._, ..... 1 . if - ~. -~"II t-- - ,i,: .. ---- -, "j'iiil-.... ---"',,-"-!jo".- .. e oJ;.."J, ~-~:n~f:l:r-'e- [-

~h\lli uiJ.it ne . .p o,~' P![li'L~Il'Il~_i[h 'r~ns,I,It'1\~., .~lli~' 1~:O:fll~h,[IJ.l;C;I~;liOtil, 'o:~, '~!~I!I...~ _[,~_~, _,_~I~,,; m ~li"Si I_~

si.!mRfi l.([!, the !IlOl:'fiiil~ ~ ~,an.5 fO!J'm~'. 'T~JiI,;,'1iC' ,~WtC lcxtr~me'~y ,!lIC."CUir,at;e 'iIl',~lJtio s,'tt€ijJ"J' down iIo",..";cil".","",,, ... n.: ''1I''~l~ '.~fl· iffi41~Fil~ ,'~lll'll;. lf~W 'f;"j;f~W'''':rr' 'I'""~"'~ "'"'~'f1~rlb~l~ll!l,. Filiimaiir\," w~ rL!;:Ufll~' ,,·_....Itsi-;;;h

l_. !u_IJl~~~.i,ItI{!I!I:;.!ll'.;!1I 111 U .. '!in. !.!I _.PL\l.IilI_r.'~"-" ~"1!!U ='!I_ _ _ If =-- :J. ... =tJ1Q.j~~£!! .I!'~!UJ '"=~W ~ ~ J!. ~ . l~ ~~

Id IlF.... ....Ili.nljl~·l;" !j'j~ "'·iI:'U:.i, i!i'!!11J,i~;t.

!l.) --rs!!; ~IL! _ J .'!!;l'"!!;_ _ ~.... _

'~oo~~~y has les nlm~'b1t.·~' ft ff l~.lt1l oil I d USIli''IlIUIY ii:',i'lit~ ~ur 1]0 v.. i ll'ire.!;,pl~e~ili1,1i!i; of ~~ .,1'hlt13'try ~olt.a~;e' lr.a,1io'g. T.he p'mima~

~.." ""{";;;;' --~;;o;o..c-.A ,""""'i'i-JI: t~ , .... ~~ .. '1.1 'V'-""I~I.g, :~ ,~m_'"

h~ .. lv,~IIJ.1Ii!a ... I~.!!. ~'~ .B .-n. _ .. ~ __ . .,.

. . . .

~!Ioi~i~_e sec-ond.llry is! I({)nneoted. t.O 'the l'o\'!i'

--;-1HlW'J VIF.j~l~d -'jj if!l~ill. Omt'l' '~ndl il:t:f Ullil~ ~,~Odol ry ;1) _h\'~,g~ ,5' ~]i~nrJ~d ~v:r ~llift.;l,.

lEI II lI,i'ffi'l<I;lJi.l .. 1 ·11"'" ~,~"'fii_'I,jj!i"""'_.-xi~_"i_''i; '" , ,i]_i't1_". !l •.. h.Okf1ll!_ _ ~ i!'io

~~ ..... ,,~ •• ~ .... , " _ I~, ~iU ..!JIl"§:'!;, ~,I;!! _ _ _ ~'~

~'~u.~' Fi~~ 1 J.'6.

j""---- ... - -I . R.l'

I i~

I i-

" 1.1 ""~~~tJg.\~ iit.lli@ oJ r~w. ts k_'l1own iTIli_d t!tl~1 ~ylt~~('!M ~ildim.~ 'is kn(J~,~" ~h\:liII ~h!:

~~ 'I'!iiBTIDg~' 'tt) 00' m\_"a"!iu~-clJ~, ~!tfI ~~, ld C~ilmiml~t.,

~. 1,,:2: ,it ,n~ : 110~, prHt:1H'UiJ ~i~n_~fJ(ilr:miu' is; !f/J~ ~faj,r«:' ~'J'Ur: ,j\] ~w1,t"'H'h;'r ~m!'i~ IS ,67-$V. ,ES1ti~l~' It he ~l'u~ of 1~'ne [dtnsE'.

Solutlon~: For,~ ~~I:F.,

VI '].].(0)

~

'\~l ~ll]@

~~ r~~l V~ 87'.5 V'
~
~
, . ".;1
, . \/'1 - a,?~O V '11.,'14.11 C'ons.tfiudjo til

Tb" 1~(:iItI,Hh ~h'lll tf~y fl!Jr]lIl~[,' ,~~, '1ill".I~'fr' ,~;(lIf;~' ,~fii;~ W1il( HI!: ~,- r $_~;ttlS, ICtm~ ~Mrl!rl t('JI !o~1!1VI;!~ t'h'Il:r;,;i~ I~ ~~W trafii form~r:. lL~ 111~J-U-\'ifiiJ h~l, t!l:"lln;s_rimm1i~~,t'., IL't>!!H'UtJ~ii}' 'iJ( :11.1 t ,Ul :1 fll~1I'l~~ nl"' 'Wru!idl~~.l ti" n ~1'i: UL~ ~~ ~ ,~~ '@~S'~~n. ir,h~ ,~ll~l.If!j',~"i!ty ~::;: dl iml~~~it1 t '"' ' n~i.id,£m:11Jjt~.{ n,

l,lne ~bJ~H nf~ Q:§ ~)]j't1 ityl'1!e' oonc5Dd[~, is 'lj'U'~l~tt'~'XI, f~' 'i'i!i'illf,f~~ti~d tli:"~r1Lsfnt~fj11f'. 1be

0I"11il, ,~.t.'. l~" C'!!J"

~he~l '~YFe ~~ '~ for' 'low vol't~g~' 'w.hi~ ~e 't.Yr~' for Iit~g~ '~"ODl~ge. IfIBJ'la>f,O:ml~~" A"t til ~im'" ~J~ <Ii' 5sclinb~y "~da] OOIC ~s lfeqt<lii~ '~o :rr,~.cillt.C[~ I:hl.~ dl(',~ or u i'r ~!lJP' , t tthe ~(iiimRi~

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'COO5a:dt~ ,~ :stiiT.IpJi ne..1,~~'i~' o.f ,~ '~Yrjlt_aJ~ ft!lay ~~ shewn In I~ IF'ig~ 2.1. U:llitMltU.:)f UI\ie ~a)' ;jf.iC'IClJ1l!j~' is a [thl~il".'e [E,'lMse' ("j-C%l'~~.'~ and me· ~iOOl1I.i01d dlr;c~I;.rit, 11l[!o1 II!t~!ll.}i·:s.. is vc;ry II~Uet'lhii ~pH~red. The H'g. 11 si~(!!ws. a :s~;flog'l~ p~ SJtrn;P]il1~d Q_~K!\H~' to lexplilJm t'hJ~1 b;!si~ ,1",~t10'11I1 Qf' iill ire'~~y. 'J~_et pan' A i~ ~bl~ d'~u i~' tn be F.Ho~rud, Ih"t" ,n liTc~rt' iIif</:lin~f'G!l'l:ImtllJ C:F.

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L'.'T. ~~ !I5!UI1II1I~I;ed1 ~'ifil :&'rl~, "I~~h t'kt· re1'rilf if!i:ll lih!:.~ lli'el.l}' oon~,lif!bl ,~~Ih.~ 1~~I:l' ]p.rui' of a trip cUrl.'l!.dt ~€ ~ l,;~i~~H: breaker. Tnt.~ '~rJil?' dreoH [oonsh~is ~f £"I, [!lrir 6~i~1 ;ulidll l~, b<l'th~rYt ~n l::l!td~~ '~O :re'F~I'y C"tlii1l't~lm... 'TIi1~' 'mp Ol;OCtilt 1~-a'1iilJ [~~te iUfIJ a.c, {!it:' d J~.

~f h f[llu~.'~ 'C!OO~~rn ns Sh~WWil, in 'i'ble :F'i.& ,~tl, '~h1.ell cueenl thWU~~lI, lh~ limtc'

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I~nn 1llI"'Il~'t" ~.lf such il rtJ~ gh iii'!J.! ~~ l;t,!j f,f;(j!nt T~ us ~ru:_. h~,P ,d.x:uit; ot II.1! ;@ KlU i t: Dtt>~l:~~!I:' ~;t'b. d~ ~lIlt~1 ~u~e:n~' st~rts. 'li1cwi~g ~liOm:l, ~tle~~ ~fum~g'jm. m,:p Qoiil~ irrN ~ ~I'ip duc!J:ui,t DIIl]'Sl ~.~ tn:p roil of ~, ci~EIDH b~~r ~~ts crI~~. ;r,hiis adtva.t~ [~it dliC;il;J:~~' hli'~~k~1I Gipenffli1g l~iInji;sm" m1:iil!ti..mg: ~l1u~' Clfc:;uLt: bre.ii kef ®~f,I" Th_~i$ i9l~~at~, I~h~ Ifill) hy pat' hOlif~ n.~!: I!l}f' tne ~~~1l ~tb.F ~y~reml.

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hlil Id!~ '.' b '[]i! ~t!l,;' iV'(!i1~11li' '~Y!] ,~Q~ lliip' ooi~1 of iE!a~~ :p~,~ ;art,,! C(lln!!1~iCtt.'ii in S:l'r,i~ ....

&i!!I\l ~ i, hases alir~~ Iih' 0 UiiL!iiL~""(;.J!;~iI In ~I:ll!~'., ~'-,t"N.lbl~ n~]'m[]~, 'l'!Il(ldd.llg. til"]! 'iil.~LOi~' n"nlJ!lJ .. .l IC~.~ • .,_rl:J 'e,. ~m cd . Nt. l1h",~ ~n~r~~ (im:, roel..ly (;o~ls; i" d'''fh~ .. ~ ~~~)flIil H~lIf~~,ly L~:sh,g Ie _',r _ lIil'l" ~np oj ls o!' i:"i'~._U bnJ;~)b'f;iS, are if I -('";Iii ·f.iH~ ~1d, '~~rutl"!11 nl'!-,ii'.rrn .1 'il.:nftd,it~'o:I,l. ~"1~~

fi,!lilO ,t",'I~lil, """"""I"~ ~-i"i~i!.ii<' ",,',' nrp,Tit ,'-:hyW"" :d:.. ,- ',',-,,'h, ~. ~ •. c;~I' ",1',,,,< I~r.c rj,v~·..-,~, ;;'11'"., ·b· •

I~. _~; ",,_i!J ~" U1!.~," .. iI:'.i;;'I" _It!. ~ ,:;r .. U '!i:7~! ~ ,~,~IL _ ~'~ 'IUll"'tl'!J,iIb"l. ,Fit! :ilJf i!:'lJILS .. 'i!!",' ~JUI' __ ~'i~"',~~ ,n.1,~::l) OilDo'JiilllfliE.S

I"" C .. .,..·...·C :1;., ~-:'i!!' 'T~""'''' ,,,;,,,,;,-,:;,,,~, ;i!ii .... .",o,:" "Mo.. ...... ".~'I... ,jj,"'"lln ,"",,~';I ... - nij! "~i'i'l' i,i '1).. ... ..-;""'11.,., ... _1, ..... !j;"" ~ ~ ": ~I 'Ii"_.;!ll_~ '. ~ IL:;JlIJ'IE-!i_~.. ~m.~ ~111.U(IIl~.,IJ( ~~~~'~i!I!J [LJ'._L~'II.IOI-U !I~ ... r..1 ..... '!o..!fll;~~ ~'lIJ 1,,",ll.Lll~~~lL [,I!.,":':C~~.'=:,lLi lillIWI~ ll.l~

iLlj/hi~ ~.~ r'CuH btl:\~ KQiIt' . YQ.ls o:perl!.

1Fil1I~ ,rIg. :V~, slltO",,8 l~ftt1' bf'eli]~, '!1pe' ~o_n.tad 11l"t'~La}' tJlsiif:1!g ~]:r, t~ df"ru\l~ ell '{rs-y I'{' kct'p t.:!li.l)o' wi ~ "i~lu:i~,·gi'l~iiJ,

PX

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R~!I~' ;flOO~~

Fi9~ .IA, bl.y 'wiUl b~~ ~ !OOl!rtI!et (l)JsJng P~iIi:.'~

m, lhi_s ~pE'., i~ .l.ui~~ithlf;1 'to i'lOl',rn.aJl ~r 001i5, '0:(' c~ll"l~i~: hrea 'ke r" Bin arlocillliti~HaJ] !lllden~1 t-.:'l-8:e' '~J:i,p' 'o®o'u is used, AJI 'Ih.~ lru.~~iji" !i.}Ol1iI:~_a.cl'9 ~1!re' rin ~clt'k'S wi!~h '~-C' mlillcn~~1 Mg,tl, trip I~ I, 'D rougb Jffltm~i lr!l]il_sJ~rITll~m'~ r~I' norrm~ 'vo~I~~!,. 'I'~ lm~h.'n'~~l~'i~~' lrir I~i I i~ lqt cru~~Sit~. W~!.'ll1. thf! 'Ii! dlt.J,~1 :~'~ -'!l, less ilh,..~ I rU)J~ I ""1,~IM~" u,~ ~g:rt~nc ~fr'ecl' f\!'Odr~y~ by ~~d~~Y\r1~t3~ llri,p ;l!;O!'~ .. ~dm':t;t'il wkic~, ~~ ~s lM~ £Of; *~ ~ing ~ 'l'n~ ,~~~w_u b!Je'.a~~r. When lfaul~: 0l~~," U~e: TI;()~~ mpl looill5, ,of: ci,f;~;it. br:m~ ~e :illll,W' the ph;mre i[n;d ,ar-e re',j'pOnsl~:te l'~}f' the ~~p~njiJii!~: of n~ dn::ui ~ 'bD;lid(~l".

,I~ 'OOU\ ft.l.B' t~·~ 'rE'~,:I~'l' t.~Jad_s l'Jire.al:' 11m! '{iiluse~ [he ('i_Kjl:,lj~' ~ e.aiik'e'f ope;r,~tion ~l~e tl1tG!' m:L .. 1 y ~ ... '~lLl'!k:.d ~ lilr',~k 1~\Ii~ ,~on~ ... ~~, ~U~~·.

'r L! !I{- ~ j!l

~ :!I;, EI-j ..... ~an.l'li d~'.ii~ ·A··~I!!IIi~'I·o·"!I1 R:.·I~,

liiiII:i._.r~ ~~'~j WIIIJI". 'II!I'''IIP- ~~ ..... !lI-!li!li 1H"Iit.... Illl!. '."." l~~,.lI'[¥

.tA fh~ :re:nru~f~. there ~~ a. {io.:~l ~~~'h e;~~ses ~rci. 'ii¥k~\i"G:ma.gn~~· . '~Vh~~ .~~

,--. ~~Inf'~' ;;o,~,' fi'=-. ,'J~ b.~~ ..... ,......." I "'"'ill'''''' ~iJ.."",._. '~'i.1'1"N!"::'I" :i!':i,,,,,~IAI it!l~:'1!4i;·iy.Jll k\, ,a ~~;Qt'tcrll:}irt~.a'O';fiNiI2'tI! ;;;;;'. I!lJ~rn.~= ~ ",,~:j!!', !.o,;.~~ .. LI-~"I!,''I;l'''n,=", 1-<:""0""1' [n;~.'" "!"-"''lii'~ __ -L.'" Ilm",,;LUi !i' ,II ~-I!I!',,-'!.'~ "'~ .. - ~ ~ ~ ~ .. '" - ot!i· """

~ high 'th,_lt it; ~'Itifu~,ECl~ ILrew: ,~ifm~~~u;re' :tM' pTungw, :~'kit18 Onlrn.I;]d' ,,'!.r~!th tb~ t[~P iC·~ ~"(ui'~ ~M;'I m~!!'i, 1!'lliE'S~ ",1'(1 'i;;impr~t ItYI'~' of r1ihl}iS., Th~ v,m;io~ IS I,I'P-~ of iI.1h1C~ro:mL grn....". r'lr .1 i ifli.\~~i~l1J t~4Pfl' 11l~ ~~ .1 r~',

1. Idh',f! !/:ted. ,ililfm" '~bIjtt: lird,;;n.r

...

2,3, 1 LAnri,~d Ali1!Qilt.u~ Type Ref.,

TI ~·r\' "l,lil~' 'l ~'f<(J ~y iX~ of ~tfi~~£~~~ ~~, !;!i"!',da:blle F.Ui' iit~t],,J!!'~l~"(i. ~ rlnn,;'~~ re ItYI " ~\. .!..!~ wh_itch!

t) :~:~'Ii'l\~,()d .]I~m at:u C\t" tn"'-'l'

~ I~ .rr}:~~iI'i~ IffU)Ylililg; I ren ty,pe

The. M~ l,~ (it ;l ~,ra~too ~r::~~J!l;!j~ t.~~' ~J\a}t£ ,~r.~ s!~,01/.ll1n iw the, 'lFl~g, 2,,5(,[iIJ) B11i1l.-d IWb-)\.

ll\!j

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Lflipm V:!Of II

n..'il 'lillril_ nHk!'-;iAii ,j,ron ~ ji"jjliil'~

t!!!',1 . _. -~. - ~ - ~~ - _",.,,,,,1 _. '~i!!'!1""". - .-y

IF." 2'.5

1m. ,~tt[~.ctM a:r,Illlii:m:[e 'f)>;pe.. '~lm.ere; el:!is!t5i a lamiFtliliJtted. ,electfGm.]\~t wJl1icJ'I! rn rn.f1'S a mil, TI:r.e' oou~, is en~,gized by the operating l~fI!ti,'~' wn:idll is pmpor~tofil£ll ~~I ~he' d J,:el1l!i~' 'Yi1'j;U!l!ge OJ (!U!"tr~ut. "mile ~'m:l~ltl~ I~J' ", !!iI't~vm~,g~ iw.t:l 1" ~~bj."'!t~l;,~J to thE!! ~.etk: f~~]'iu.~ ~ ~ .- ~YW:~ bv Ih" ([!~~iiltti niet i"n U!i!'mti~¥,. The :futg~, II"! !'(dl~~()I~ "!'oil iI'!i rr{:l r'ri!l1ll'tiln - ~ tf!1 the

Ii'" ~ . = ,~- -1'---- C!i"i1'---~~- .. ' ~ . - llr~ ~. - r,!J1(!IFiJ! !.l!llLiilL . - _ .. "

~lli~fi· ~. cii1li'iff-mt henee tht.~, ~~~~Y!i !!.~~II 'be: ~~~ ~Uf '11.~;'. ,~, ~,,~:U iiLS! '~Lc. I'~ihl~' spf1nl-j ls

used ~ ,PfrOOiU~~ ~~~t~a i~~"g ~OF~-C. W];.~~" thll 1~1!)Iir~t ~~~~IU,gh ooil ,~~rcfF~ ~ 1b!.;~)lO:~l-d1 ~ he UliFJi~!t pndlcili' J .. 'I!lIU ~~~iti~;;j\i' ~:rnl~t~!l,ljre g~ts, ~ lticlili£~~. I[)!l]~ to' this liit :~~ ~CKrtJttruct i!;\'il~.~

m~t,;tdS, (llF ~ tritp' (~'r-ru~,t'. w'rudl :r$ll.d'ts in an Gpen~, of ~ ~:trIC!~i~' bre!l_l!iler,. .

TIre ~:ln.hftlJiL.tiiI:t GU(l'tl21il t 3 t ~·j~Jch th.c' aJniI1Id bJl!ru' ~~Is ;!]:ltr'o~k,--d ~~} dose' ~he' h'~'j;J; ,doc~~! ~

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'. -a ~'_ !pJiIl' _ii.:IiJ,J ~1!/.I'[\I'C:n;,

.,, - ~'~' IiMly ~he ~~ ftrd~,-tl' I~r t~I.p(tl,n,&~ ,100' i(~vld:ed ~fi1I, th e [-C~~l~r 'i,;l;i!_,j '~i,~~h 'whkJ~ I ~ tym..:: aJin I~, .se~€"'Ct~ a:;., pc 1" UlIC' ,1iCq,'u'i~iel~u~o~'. This ~~, 'llJ;~td ~l'!! od,l~! lltt'! Ml:t '",~dii.jfi oj i:iFli o.pE'r:a~i~, ~nan~i'~' ,~~, '"tJ1ij~ ~~hI,y ~iin:~'ld O,~rltt~-

,,:\n impor~ca'rI!t liitd,v,a:~~,~ of SI~h ~~I~ys ~: ~~r h~~, ~,per,ati~g :~. [ftn m(]~':h:m ~lo'J't!,,~ ,m I~e:r.atiing I~LIiIiJ:ie' ,~, sr:uiLal~, as; ~s !IiJli5ec :L'5 p~i_~~~. 1he ~u!l:'r.~IfI,i:--'HlrmJ~' ~] ,~rl:~~fi~ ii~~, 'Or :=J.'~l;Cih rclll~·'S I~S, l~ivfe'~bo]ii:.r .1'S, :s.Im,.,,1'n in the :Fl:s',o ,511 i.

ICa • .rffift'~ I!rli%:~

,2~3.2 Sol!enold and PI'ungar 'T"Ylpe Relar

'~;e F g. ,2.,' ~h~\\"-iS Mlel ~1'K'ma! i:c ,~flf!l iiiI,))!!.:'IDm~ of SUl,'!.;loTlllJld iiR~ Ipl~ln~C1T" 'Iyp· R:l~a' '" k.~, '~"mks ~n !'Iw ,liin~,plle I~F ,ck'Ctrnfl1l_~~-'Uc; !l~~_If~eiti{Jll.

U' cO'r!!s;i!!j,t~, ,yf' ~, ~~m:w, 'which is, :r\(}t]h[fri_g b~~ ~~, Ililoctro!iIY,~(t. ~~ ,~~Ist11 'wn~tfil~ ti ,Ui'H}\l.afbliG' ifi]n 1ii'!!1,!ll'f!!m:>i' iI!J Me 1" !m ll'Irna] ,\o;,:;\crr.ki~;(I' ~d i~~ :JON,-, the snfifrrj~ h:~'licld· '~.h ! -~ltt- -- ,~~ - "-- - ~- !t"-~-- ,,~~F~' - -- ~!!I ~ ~~, ---, . -, , ~~ 10' - - ~ ~ ~~., ,~~ ".F'~ r g ~~- ~- s ~ ,_tl p,,, ngt"T

in, l~liiIe '~UIDn SUCH ~~' j'I !!i:3u.o1i' m:a~e mniLta_61: 'With m:n t~:r:cllli ~ ImnLlim,

Ir-""--=- .r

U!llld~r. fauiH ,oolldjiti]€mlIS 'w:~en CU!rreJliI,t t~mug:h lreiay !Coil n~ ... ases, fhe- solenoid d i',]'M.\'S the Fl,!'LI'!IS'~r ur~fl~_l!'ds_. Due, 'l'(lll 'IMs." ~'t ma~es, t'l~IfI,i."Id ~ ith 't~i" trip' {;.'iirt:un:

C{I"it.J - , "''!!I'Mcl~ :ro~ul~~ ;~J ,!l~ I~runl: ~, Ii.! I~'-~mt 'bnl~'k~r,

-='1--- - .. -- -t .... ,~, ~_~!LfrQmll_Qil_""" 1- """ .... ,If'"

~iI!!t!te

-DR ~nf.llD'i'

Itlpm 'ioj,ot'lfi'

F~g. 2\7 SollJ~oid .riHI [phmllr type ,..1.'

2",31,,] Operatl ng [Prlmer,ple of E lee_milS) ".1ic Attrac~IOf!1 R.hl,_

lI' _ __

'ili'\1~e e~llc~r-om [1,~Jilie !-ilr "';;H~' :P'[:-OOl'.~ dllilP. ~ltJ; QJ!ef;,~itili1l'g q_~I~'Gli-itr , .. \~hk;h :h5- l.'~e!'t~ on

,~m~i'!it"lf~ .. ~I'i_;O''I!':h .. g [run O't:' :pi~u~'~8~~ :is, :P!tli!')j~Tli(;U'i:~'1 to ~h~ ~~.lOO' ~f ltirnie' fh:ux ~n ~ ai:r gilp~ Th'U5 r.u:.~if;~,ediQ,t 'If~e Si'~~.t[~.t~O;n dm., ,the 'uroo ilS pOOr\l(tion~l ~ij '~1:fi~ S~l~t~' t)f' I~i;i ~i:"'r:'i_'11lin~ ~~'~~:r-e~;lII'. Henil:~ s'I!Ich 'reLarys ,a~e i!lJseJiIld ('Or a.c •• 1'lild dLi[. bnt~,tit.

If;o r ;f,LL\ I(rIoPCf'.It1 iIil'n:: ~!lill d.e, o,P!.:'j""j],I(iilm,. ~_hc.' c~tri)miJ!gr\{i'tL ffli~l" i_s tloii'l t;;1_4lli!;l" l\\'her!!

I~ ~ rs f'O,i,'!i;I;_!' ~~ ~I:!'il ~~!,,: n~~r.Lrirnh~g ,(1 ~!""',, I'c rc:1 ~ y lII)Cfll.l h;.'~.

~ r"~

W'" == ,K'I 1'·

K1 = i!30n~~Bin't.

Op~t~ltl'i,g 1(llun_"l1t 1m a \20n

Oil! '~I'1!-~' ''it(:ir&," ,r nil ~y 'o-"pcf,~ti;Ii!~jI ,i;!)~h~Ji~;i1gpi!;':~ie i~fG\! i~ ~f~t' ~'~I ~.p '~lle ~~tru'IDj ~lg- f\ ~jl'~',

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I -e 'tIi'~1 i~ th~ cu~ ~\~'rLi: .! ~ ~",'hieh :~~~~'lf I J',~ralt~s.. ,itl !t""'~ !tJ;t d.i::. It~~r!l i ii!jfl~,

FQr' iJ.('o. operationl .: In ,ar,i;:. e:~ect['D:millo,gn_e~ie re~a.)'\S.. d\c ,e~:et:lnI!mafjneti.c (ii:~:ree i~

!I?.!i'ifi}l~~:!ili()lO!,lI. to ~,ru~ro ft1' ~"CQt!!',~JiI:~: 'b'!,1!t· U' is !DlQt ,o~s~a~.l'~'. ~~, i~ gi'!.~~l 'br~

,.,., '-I" ~ l '-K' -'l' I - - "rI-

F:i c:::J ,K ~ 'E:! - '. m~' = - K 1-' :t!LrlS< . ..! .•• , I:

'"'i,l' - - :2 ~.~i'l" l 1i"[11- - = ......

JI~ :::I '~ril~rttil'!J.m ~1~ 11~(l' ~ 'thM IU ~ r'--l'H~in !,::; !__!!!rr-c~~ t, .K- C'!!IimS~~Iii.'~

~~ C~,~~~~~t. Illl~l~~'lil~l: 'of 'tirnt~".

i ~]I '~]:ut~"I!titt1i:g, at d ~~I.!Ih'~L~' nll(', f~'~iL.' 11Ii_~~r of' '.'1IF~~it:'!tl '\r,!J'11~~18", In ~ ~Ol;j'~ f(t}:~ ~ hu ' ~!iI!Sol ~l~ ,nt ~1.'o~i'~1 e ~hl" IrlT~~N~y.

[f tlw tt~h~!J~~,~'i n.~ ~!j:'Iir\~l'! for whkh :~!"l' &"l'rndJIl,!I"-~~ ~_jr Ithe i!i,prhl~' li~, t"ltliI"!.!I!f;" f1i~ ,~,ml'il.1 ~n~" -!11 -;'! 1,-'- -;- II of --:. --,F!w W'l'iI~ lb!: lii"ii'dt."fI I.l!i"i' ~:t: '!-~mt" j.. oIltltd i,~: dwno!jj I!lJf ,Ill iim-r!' t-, ;['IS 'shf~wn i!l1il

iJ ~ ... iJJ.!A:. I'\'---J - - ~- 11'"1 ~ -- --I'" --- - - ~~ - --- - - - - IT~- _.- ,2.- -

the ;Hgt ~.S,

IF-;n; "" 'ill< ~""'all'li"'eii1 ... ~, a ...... "'''-n'' ... ··Nn

.~!11 '-lrUI ~ur·~]I. ,,",I! .'P-~ lIUlll~, _ ~~ ~!M_I!!!!I,¥ __ ~, ~ 1, _

Ifl!ll ![)¥~f'mn~ I~~j!'j, di~ r~ltrlJJi~tf.; 'th~' ~~ f; pp n~ pmd.~'fiI-I& Jl1\! l~h~"11:tro l.u!.g~.n.!~~C ~ om' ~b· t~i:iW[d~d :UDJto two flJll,~a ,~[itiillllg ~i:mUi1t'.I!J~s_t,J ~'~tt d:iUertli1lg in tlme Iph8Jse'. Thi'!l Ctmst.':S '~1ll1~~_g: ,~I~lroLna~ 1i'C' foro~ liQ 00 ~_illw~fs ,posi.'!$,,~. U ~_ ,tS a'~~ly[i;li g]'~a~~f Ith.~rJJ 're:ilimli_ng :ff'O;tre ~~, '~~ a!l'l1i1L~t:I;ii1Ji"e ~m fiOt, '~ntf;alre, The ph_ase 'I ill S' 'bet.w,ee-A ~E" 'I~'o

.~ )m1i'llr~n._n"t!'l ,,·.f :m l"!I: ,-,."... Il;;.-, ,._i 1",,]'1-1';" rnr","'~IILI~1 I'" ,:,'Iifi;fi' '~'-!'i '" ~l"1 rn,~, ~TI- ,ei; FO;IiII:iF' "iT'~r_' fl' """ ~ hn " 1~Ii-., ~~ •. --'"1rr·..... ~I! Ij _L! k!';" lill _I_:! !oJ ~U.!!j ~~ b~Li,] . r!.'f r..rl.~ .. -~ . ~ !IA_IA ~f.~ [1 __ I~!t _ •• '\~ II !ILl !I ~~_iL • ~~J U"!.;~ !I,;I ~,II,~ '~~~ ~

11;;--. k ... ,~ ",i i'i!.-'~'" I 'ii' .. , ~ .... ,II .. ~'-n I Ii< , ~ i; : ~ .... i'oi'iL",i5ih I~-, 'II ~n.,i.":t I .. J i'iI • ...:I:

II Ill.: n .. iI;n.:u r ''''~~ L".... I~"" .'IJ! L !JrH.:l ~'J lo_, '~!~, .... - .... ~, iliU.:, ,,_ ~..,nL~~~"( r!~'

"'ii "Ii "I ,A...iI <i"" ,...j' 1::1 I< ... ....A IR I

,~,,~,~, ~,",Y'8n U\i!II'I !iI!~1 ~_:eiiih.r,(Uin811 ~ ~ue, ~,. II _ap

"iIi'1!-- 'v~"F:1 :- is ad 1j,J. - iI-!Io -. ~- ", f-lll>~ --- -," -.- tl_,. r -I' -'.: i £jJ, _c !ill ~11~. ~._ ;I)(}~.~ (b,iI" --I'1i'''_.3h.~ ("li_ t:JlOC~(!, om~~_"!I; C~.yS ,~~ffi~.

'I C':'Iii"iJ ri"'.;" ,-,~,,~.,;Ij f .... 1..f"t~ ,aJ.· .. o\:iii"rl4 d .....

~., L! I V'!oii l ~ ~!'" ,~-"!.;r ,~~ .~. ,;>! I!.!! _,..,

" 1hc,)'" h~~~""" f.l~~: flpr;nll~~Of1! r1'n;rj rll!iit ~~~

... ·i~lli .. so nrc ,a~lilil.€"'" t, i ~~~t~mt~m,""o!!l:J'!!> l1~~l;Jlh ~!\Bt~l1it~~fK'CliU"~ ~hc Ci~j' 1",1 t i ~ ~iJ!j, ~ V~~wi('lS' wi~h am1'~lt, 'WUh ~~!!!i! ,!l~~g1!rn~f;~:f~ ~llk\1' ;' . ~~~~'J >Cf~l!i~_"l]lf' _~,g,!~

~1 t"J,%!> ,j'i;ii'iir~i':<"i ~i'ii!i:i' .. !·~11 ,~ofr-,Ci;if.i:cI (i ~iift;i"W!j, """;'i'i! ~ .. , ,."iil;.~~, AI ~~~.''l''I' 1j,~,F'~ ";LH'!i.._,~ ,_~_'~ "~~~'H[l~ 'i!l-_.I!IU"'''' "" .... _ !L.'!!:,; 'ioI'J,:"'ilil!,~ne;!;,!!I.

4. H~;~J:lI, i()pe.ral~ :~r~, ~~~h ,o:pelfa Il!~g' 'llm~ i1m: fe~! mninl~s.ec'lDJ:ild~· a ISG~' c;;m be aeh:t~'V';t;.-cl.

,5, TiI:l~ :p.il(".kl~P Gm be ,liS '~liSh a~ .,9S%, ~or; dl;e. mpeili\l~Jl!iilfi ,~md ~ to, OO~!:j' I[Of (~c '!i~.~, op,-,r,llj~n\.

6,

:2.3'.'5 b'lsadvantagM of' ifile:ctrtOrnagli .... h: Relays, 'De' few ,dii;sad.,,;;;a'lil!ti!_ges 'oJ ~h~' rebJ!t1'S ,~~,

].. "[hl,;~ d:~r~~UjJn~l t ~t."a m~ l~ ~Jn~ot

2. '~}~I' to If,rst aJ'ir~UQ-t; ,tb~ worldnl; ~rul b~~' MI(~L~, ~;,.. (]H: lTd~~i~Hl'S. \'!l; ~'l1!n!".l~'L'l'li1l ~ t": :'iain doc. as w~l1 as pu~th~g~ {,?UlW!pfitmm~, nnd",:f st "'r!!!d)~ 'tfi h! v"lhl~r. ~ -~s ~~~<~Ii'i ,-",i ~ il ,u~, 'lh -. . - -I ,!'Ii Iii ,,'En f"~'i;!!ii!i~~-' ,-;0']- -~'7' '" il'i'!1-:- f;j • - ii'1<

ll<l,;,'t!-;, 'L . __ ~'!' t:i{,\ ~. ~ "".' ~ _,!;, ~e !!I,y "'''!,U! "01,!Ii'~ ~I'!'! K,' ,"",iLlKY fIi~ ~,~., n, ~ L

,1.3\.)61 Appll(:atl'ons, lof' 'ElectromagJl!di'c [RelifYS 'wit!; 'V:Q:t:',rO'u~, ,1l,ppUelcliH_:s 'oJ t~, !7t!'lar,)\5 8!~

:1. 'Ihl" pf{~tl~ti_o.n of '1,\'1'1 ri~m!!, ~~e JIM d~ C'qu i,PI11Ctrl'~"

2~ l'htli '~W~1i'/~Ad{'lf ~un'cnt ,I_nd ;g.ver,/'un4rl:' V'ohage i~mh,.,..;ti~m 4;l~ '!,i'~rE~l!!:'j, d," ,!'ind d ,J!;';'. \'~,'~I~.I1I:lt'1illt

3. l!1i!. '~M: d~imte, ltlme lag O'if,d' ~iiJl'R'nt ,aJnd e'!1!r~h If"aJu~U' IPlfirf~:c!t~ti(i!u ;i1i1~ilI;g wi!h diliifiinlt.e rune lag: ~H ctiifrmt· rela:y.

4,. ~J" Ht~ ditre~ti'a1 JuntectinliL

~. IlJ~ ;i.lllii j] IilI :dliall:", i1i~'I.ly8 i~1L tile '~.M1~i·· i:!i,~ tcnn_~ of Proh'1"!l:~'We frt.:ltryi'ns ~sclH.'.lUl~>

:2',14 lin dUcthJnl T,pe R.Ii8,'.

"rn L." '~''';'~~'il",~~';;-;;r;; 1~.l>iIi'iiiP -~'::;M'.r; ';0;, ......... ~,=.,. "'"-~~I...--4ii ,-- - - .. '" ..... 11'-:JI·- -,~I, •. ~r" ~"""'fl 1-- ~I:~,.'," w ~._L -

• I~'!M ,III !!)t~,L ... &llv. ~ !'J;iIl'-~ re~!iI J _', a •. PE' 'RIUlI!;!!! "",1Il_l_1L'N.i1 .mla,g. ~hll!lu~ relidl~r.s.. ,III~II~~ !H:li .a'Is __ ,0;["," rDIl1I

~E ptrh'ild,:Ue o:ff tllbe' iiEl.d1umoll nloto:r ,o:r an mtefg}" :rnii.eMH:., lrnt ttth_e5e lre.~:iii~r:s BI :me~a.~lj([' diS![ ts a~i~il\~'~--d to :rot~l'e ~~hfee:~n '[he n~o @[edli'Wflap~-, ''iJi'h~ iC1!]i;Ls ~* the ~Jff!~tnHl~~-.Glilq~ ,r1W !.itItu-~ i·· !.:;.;,{~ '!J,dlth t.h~' 'IwJp 'ill!-f !I'II~k'_"',Ii1i~UJ~ "nlfrmts. 1Ii'~,{. t(H\~ I!te is p(",xb.~1 Ii IliIl ! '-: - " Ircl_::1~' i!loh,_I~ kli U ~'l' h'lltl'f~dlo@m of Ot~~' !II L(!Jfn~~I:lll .. , ~h~~ w hih 'Jdd ~ eu ~!Il'~'nb h~diue,---'rnl ~ ~I i~~ IFr Ii r b- f m,~~lilh~r arn~ "~lim_g, fhl'~- T~w ~""C! ~lI;..~{jH h~w'lJ i!'I;~r~'h ~rrc~~~~r);cy byt ,J I'U' dl~ .. ,~"(jJ h,~ ~~:~~, !1nd spa~~_ ,A~ U~~, i[l~!:(~Ji!.·tim~ ()!f ,~I't~r!~!i!t!fIft l! O~s~, is '~'h'!;.' [~ilSi(:" 0'

... ,: .... -~1i""'- I-:f ~i1tc_.c, --~-"" ~--~, ,~I.'~: ~.c~t ~-"=""" ,,~: \h-'~. A .. ,~.~- cj':"~""'" T~~,·." ,t'i!iI"~ ""fld.l"l; ,,~,~ roil._vJ1 o. l~iI,~~ Iie.I a:} i!ji" ~_~IIIest1 Hire iIJtO u~; 11,~r i C !!.!I,Ji:. "";Ii'l_il[ljll~':j!ii'~\- ~ ~ ~~~. ..It. __ . _}

U$(.--d f!1)r pli'Qi~'ii!dive 1~1~1I_} 'Illig [J1Ir\I'Ql:v~u!l]~ Qnl'J~' 3~,e_ q l)I_illiI.t~,ties.

B\,~~ !Ol,l til ~ ~Jl~lrn).ldi.o_p .... ,th~ v,~~!!:'i-OlJi~' I~:'~I !l!J!ifJ' th,c i!t:1ldiU_~_(';Knili ·fPC' 'rdh'IJ~{~, ~Iref ]. ~I'mdc-d, t;!'!!; (k.. ~>f~'

2. '~I;l,i?i U ~fj!ur ~1~~{·f' ItW~' '31. ,tI'i;cll~dit~l 01.j\~ ~)~'

Elierl®fJ'ie ~t.ltdy:rl~g Ult~, '~,~P~q tn d~~~L ~ett: 'llIS d~dV''()' tlw too1~~; ~u:!~t~i)n for. ,!mtc' idl,mlIim'Jil ty~ ['e~..1,:~·s, '~~hkh :~!!i, ~arnlte ~iITr ,al~1 ~be' I~jlitree tY.P~~ (]It Im1;j~ ...:-

"'II ,,', 'i,ll'liirn~ll.a ·E:nli' .... 1iftn 'f~r I n~ -U-~~iii'!ii1l1l l)1nal Ralav-,

.. ~ ."';!; I~ _ v_ !!II¥!Q!" .~Q.-u¥'l~", 1~¥_1 U ~~!U!¥_JI_ - l"I~!!II!I _ .= .. -_.--. ... Q11

.1\ ' ~'j~~.I~,1 iifi~R,--cl c;] i'akf.~ lrn,! ['!!1:h~!!:1'''ti1U!i:t;: ~urr~nt9 ~,~"r,v~ iL-d i'!;~ ~",,:Ii ,"nt-.eh'~ 1iIr'i.1~~rnlt·~ pll'i'~Ji(,h!Ij,~' tht!! 'h~'\E!i <1~,tema~Ln,g :fl~~+s ~l .1 t.1id I'~_ ~ '~:!NO fhJl!r.:iL"S, h.u.~~ ~ Itrle freql'leI"!f.')~ ... -10 ,~,-,. ~Cllr ... ~"Iib.~.-" ."':,i"-~--:- ,""~, '-'lif I'; l'"' ~~,Ij;"",,~ th· ......... i"""'.I"I~ 1'1 ,~t,.iii. lfr'.lii!ills, £, _ TI,".'" l~iI!.._·, ~..t'~1 ~llI~~} ,1'!:.tU )'",,", g, p,~'5E.l !!.iI_I ~~_. ~""'o;:; L. ~, ~[~ ~t. _''!i:i!!ij~'~, ' •• ,~!",~, ,~!O;I~~ '. _ !.'! _ 'T~~ _ . _ .'~ '!I'I" " L~~I~

~.I!.,{!!) ,tl~~ ~4'ln be Imalth_eDlL:i:'lti_~.idJ,y 'e.xp're$~, as,

I~I~ [c::::;j 'nllJ'll ~i!t1 '~i!l' ]1
.~ '~"1 "- 'm + a) rlJI
.::1 ~!_!11 ... .~ I

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I!::~'n "!Ii, liII; "T~"'__ _........\" • .-.4I~ ...... fJ""'1~~ [111.;;;~ l_ ~IIJII!!I"!'!I',~ ~ ~Jl.I~~"!I!!'!!!I.

Th~ I.li~ k'm!i]'il n~ f~ ~1I!~~5i

C~'!ii~w Ilti!I(;-:- [il.'lld'I!U.~~d. e.:m1L!I! illiitl I~' :[-{lif(n;~ IDfie' '~ rhM. h~i!ffiJun-"d, e~flL~.Si ... ' 9\1 if C[~if;'if;'e:li!ts, i1 ,ilM , .'" ''''"'i' .,.~ r eu ll\tn~ ~ in ,~'h"'" .~ i lj"". "irhe

I,~ 'IJI_JJ'!!,; .... , .~. ~ ~~ ~ •• "._ II,II_~ _ ._

twp edd)! 1~1i] f'iC',-·tJl'~; reild '!!,~ ~th Ii?a~:__h tli'1t'L.'1" l~~ IJrodli,J,~ !l (l:ll'~ whlch ~'!!~ 0~ lh~ :ril~[rr.,

-,Ilil!! ,lfiig. ::t9 sht'1iws hm,'\~ ~iliIi_C" £of'ti----_-· ---~.~~".iI!--· .. -~1 ~M! ,~ «!.I,.,.~tit"~1 I},,",,]'('~ iIIJie ,P"""'MUG~ 1!;L •• .....,. ... _. ~

'Qf' .rQ-t_or due ~o fne. ,~~ tfd\m!.'i~W!'" tfh'~"1_t.'S, lI'he i ru'[3!_li~' ~oliit.jdoe_iIH,~d

:2, .. '12

• ~' ~ p~iCi'~a~~n~ !, !I1ii:.l~liili~,l!!Iili~i!t" 'lhij iIf~t'h~~~ ood'y' iIo':1i.'il'~M lS La !h~ ndl ~'h rr ~.~, tu'!.'1!5' 'ilul\, ,~y 9ll-

'-',~jj""l'I-P'~;"'fi ~: 'Fi"': ~'~'"' ''!If' ..,.~l' a'fIii' wL'i"'hl , ... ~.-.~ ''"'--'fi'·~,t'" nfl, '''':'"~ !fu!"'1i.v' ~~"'g, !~[-~I"" ",,,,,f,'F

_~ _~,~ . 'L'O!I~ _ _ ,~~I!¥ __ ~ ~ v~ ~""nu~ ~_""~ Ul.h,__ I"""~"'J[ ... ,'!l,lL I!! I!.'~" _il! ,. _ .... _ ~ _d _!!U __ ""I .. ~ I!ii _.~

~ ." .

mrll![l~afiCe ,:si~td bJenre the ~f;Qtto-f' J~~llrent5- a~ "bit pJila~ ~iifuUi ~~.e '(:~pe(:t]vr; ImtdliIJrurl

l."i!.:i 11t..]\~~~

"Rl j m{hi~(-d ~j\-~~'!J~~ ,~ Ptr~Ji:r~J'[tiN::itfiaJ to 'm.'(',; f,'-.lI~:C 01 dlgfi-~. or n u >!;,~,,;, a~d !f!i io'M~ , ~", !'·dd ~ !I:!~iJ"iI'''' 1IillS ,:l~ ~ _fc F,ro:pm~i ififriH~ Iii) 'th~1 lC'iaite 'i11f ~hi.lIISl· iii'li~' fll1ll~l'foi, ~ !'C~~:J.Jl· ~~ l"' ,r.1M IWr~ 112'.

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TI I" dl!r'"e~i(l!1'it.1 ,~d ,r.'~ t~d I~, (;ill:li, be- oot~ lby :lli~lTliliit~ 'I~t i&J ['_Fil~t rl]l~tl'. ~t it.! n bt:

:!'I.l~" k'1i~~~ U~!ii" lh~. ,,!}J [!MAt; th,!i:;': t~·il.'1i t.~~ am !l:~~hl g; i n ~~'tL_ ~)!il'!'S~t"i dlitr,~t ~J ,fljj~d

~'!;~~, '~1'!' "('~, fjj'n~A' ~d~ r g (1ij, Itbe {iIi ~ hi f~p-yl't~ni~ll ~ te ItlhiLi! d fJ~r"'f~>t~ cb\l~ ~,~ "f1 Ui~ h'\~ r!i:iJ~c:::;.

." i'I-1 =' .'1- i ..

Y1i.:l, :J. Ii:.:

'S-ll.IIl~ ~H,~llt~'l1iIg: tI'lI.~ p~'l'illll'~j:"lrcUll 'l"~rJi '~"iii(iins jt~ '. :L' 4h. '~1" il .mlNl (1). (2) .. (S)I and (&). Clil ~lc k'XJ~,-k~tl(l!l. ~9) 'W(!~t.

[.,~.rn ;'lil~,~, (ut: -+ g" , 'I"fj (los f~: = I~ III '~hll t!j.1: '_nle~ ~ifii;.l !l n ee t ~r~ .~F!l! ~,~i!l ~i" u.) '~!JS, ,(mj) - Sfumll ~J IC08 (Q1 ... ,(t), ~: t;,l!: '~rn '~ffiJ ~5_jn I('(lj: ... ' ~,~ ~) ]

... I'jl I

lh:~ ~q!ul~'1 ~mll 111m ']~ es d'1j'!,;~ :fctei' ~u-ml' !1difrl~ ![}iJj, Um 1[,1 n 5H:_ '!.\lhJoe~ ~B .P'I,it~p~jnio~·:Ji~ ~'f.Ii S"lna:.

'" (1]

h' iH~pf'rlinu L~ ML~ tffitJ,t 't~u n~t Ir~li'O!Jj 1 f -' t~ ~ti!k' .l:teli rngl on ~.h~· t~ifil~ 1 " S;]rn~' .I!

Ii:fi!i '1"l~ ~ ~"5~.mt. ']l\l>' .,,,,Uliil'li !!.1fJ :11!{'~ly iYTild ~r ~'lIJclll t!i)~:tl' i~ fl~ I, r.'{Ij tlill 'iii"br~1 HO~i s.

[t Cliin 00 <'Jb:.o!ene(~ f:fiD:nn l~he' eq'l'mnGI1 (1~~1 ~hB:t, if 'ill:, l~s., 7C"{1!mi rhC,lliI1 ,the m:.~, fi!l}rue fsl ZEro" ,aiGd. di'~~ 'i;an!10t. ~l~, H~n-c~ thi,!!ro .If!i'jil!l::lo~ !tf)ii;~Slt ~ .ph~se di ff~nn~x: 'oo-~~~n ,~~,

~. ,fill ,,- l.h~ ~ --'f~, -: ,--,-,,:: ~~·I.·CI c-h"" ~P'-- 1 'i!-- ...... : ,.:i.'I;[\l"·· "", ~,~? ~', ~ .~~iX~. ~~J.l. JJn[!~ i(!! is illJ'!;,i;IiXUJill,lJ.lm, w em. 'i"Jilr [P\i1Linse' tlll,I,lerence a ~s,'~"

l[h~ d~trcr.-:~tt1tll of l~~e' I~t ;kJ;t1~ 'kr~Jdru deeldes Wi': dl~~ MI i!.l!f IDt~t'iL)jj'ij tilf iii" Si!:'

.. ;0

,d~~nds o!~ wmeh ~lh.1 :!'Ii ~:e~d~ fiJg '~'IM;e' 'i!J~ -:. ~r. mJil f mt:1 ~~e' Vtll'hM !Ii; ~ 1 sITI,li;r.,t.~ Dii'l'5i ,~n,

~ , p,Il\MhilO;ti' ,phfiHl" d iSlI."h ""rr11~ t, '~>t.:'Wi·l"1'Ii 1~lrK-' i ~'OI .f1 U~~~,

,21;14,,2' ,Shaded Pcle 'Type Indllilc,tion R_lay'

'iU1\e ;i,i;o:nstructh).ii11 at- :s.:Imoa:ded pole illldu~i!XIi, relay :is, :shil1~J ~:1iI! ~e ,IF~@;> :2;"D{L

Fig", 2,,11 ,Shiaded pole ~, h~ducti'oo ~

~~ ~@:nSi~tl31 'of !l" ,dumi!i1ium d~K \\" ~iLi~~ is ~irrce ~n tot'llc ~.1iIJ .aflil, ta'Uir.' ~)ilp of a~ £i1~ma,~e~'. ',fiime fan ~{ ptde- [~re: of rntlii p!!}.r:r i!!! :sh~ded, '~11! tIJmiJ" ~~llp, ~f o~Jp;~r

~.litul er ~. ~,~.~, ft'!!!! i" ~.~ htl ~~~jldhiil'-C r h. TIR." 'i1Jtllll ~'IlX I' l"t! ~'OW1I11l!I~ tt d.l'I' '!o I"h"

_. - u - ~iCJ' !,L . - _ill: -" .~. --~ ·1, ~!~ iIti! - ~ - - _' - ~ .!r" - '~ 1:, -

a'~h"f!rul MtJ'l'£~ (u~11'el~l: i~F.di! ~nu) b~'!;l UIlJ(~ dl~,i~ftd irld tim~ .Jfld ~P!)to~ dilH~ to '~. ') s,ood~mg, ;~ ng"

~~ to ~h~' ,~~te~~rau;-8 iID", ,e'.uft,'f" ,g~~ ~n~~C4"d. :~n t~ ~Utg !r~~., Tkis '~~i1I1"iJ. 4' .• ""'-~~, l~~- ~., : i ",~ ts ',~, ~'I " -, - !t'i....-, fii" I:' ~c, "X~- t. ·'~I ,,-lL - ... L~~·~'lIiI l' .... i,s, ~~ jjlt ~ fi" b...!ldnillll !!i'lor:l .' oeiS ~I;~i!: CUHli1'JitS C-ailil5~liIflll~ !L~UiX. liO e _~S,' In ,~II;':hil~ pOw _ (l! .- ,I ~I~ _ _ ~_.. IL,~ .... ~~ ... ' ...

IClline' lllux. ilill th~ '~fliljihilided, ~~i\1lJI. by '~A:S~~I (t.

I~ co;; ~1t1~ ~n, ~~d~, ~ri~~,

.~ ~~ '[f!1lti.X ~n ul\i~d.ed, prJrti.ttn,

:Ilij~ - ~~M '~,., ~'rcciiuced in e.0l d,. ii"...A,~,I'O) ito t··-·

~ ~ ::.I"~ " ~ ~I!rI! _~ • -~., ~ !Y.~~ _ \~

eli =, ltiM:~~. l'mJ un~ ~n 1~!1ic diac d'u~ ifo .~~ ~ I! • 11'!:~'[l,U~l'!d [;,"tU'ri~'1i'Iit d ~ t~ !E~

11'- ;:;; '1~1~~ed, oi,';U_~t d ~ h) f~

'~!;I :~~~ be.hlfli_d .~ b;)! ~ whUe' E~ l;a;i!i' behind. 'is by ~. TIte' ~ilItr~fI!t, 1[;, jJags ~ by :S'VIMJill ,~~~!l!' [~, whH!l! 1'u I~gs :H~I by ~m.:a_'U i~n,g~e' fl, fruis; ,~r'i-Sle' L~, ,~~Iy ru?,g'~Md ,~n~, I~ a~d ~~II ~re ,~~!)!,mfd! W be 'in :phase '~r,iHl ~~ and ~ ~1\rel'yj! m :F!r'!lm~'e. ~I ,l!I.~1'i d ~L~g!:'~'II'I~ ~ ~t)li\-m 1111 'tbt~ F~g, 20'.11,.

1=1 : l~.' ,jI IDIIo , .. ._

---!IiI".o I .. lJ"'~~1 'y __ l'II_m

As :pf.iY~Gd ~,~ ~_llel :Pft\; hjLt~, ~~t)~. I)l'S1ft Ung;11 w£ Stet'!

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,2.,4.'3 IV.Mho U r "'mlt iliYpe' I'n dudloAI R.I_

n ·-~t '~~t~-:[ of ~b~ lV-n- {!f ~Iav. ~5 sirn1Jar ro tate "~a'!:ffilil~T 'i:ne~~' wlfM ~

Ie'!i;j , ,I'D ",nl, ""1,t."e!, ,,' "" _ , " , , "" , __ • _ " _, ,'~ _ I.L

'rr.'"€cry ~p~]ai~y ~, ~Te~her.-e. lhus '~llaJ~r ~IIS dg1:.llM~ ~indim;g atructure, '~, ali~q~ajh~nt' :~s; ,sl~Qw.n llll tlle fig:- ~-:],Z~

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n ,~o",!iii~! ~ Q~ ~w~ Ima--m~5~ tln~ :~ (M red ma Jl~'t: ltmtd i!,i~tbH "', Ih.:"i(hld 'm.'i~irU't ~. d~ b .fr.~' te' ~\L'}I~h;" in 'belMr~llIJ 't~~ i,M\'o ll1I ... g~c~~. 'f~~ It.!Io,PJ~fI' I! Iih~~d 'magnet' liGam~, (x?}th, rl',i~E'~r 'iWindJililg; '~}~i~"hl Js Ircmal}~ c.6H and U~ ~'lo:~'IlIDa? w[ndILm,g. lne, .;' ,. . - .~ e' "~_ ~',': :~", t''''",-· ,- 'I· :'01' ',. ~m' -, t', I '~'iilFti"~' '-il;·'41\~ "" '~., 't·'Ih,. .. trn ~-)(.oiL 11" "~' I, '. f ':-.k> b'lid ~ , ... e,~1 p:m:Jil:lil!l:} ~i'Ii:rf,I£,-1!I!~ iine, iii) ~ _ en:, '"'[ .. I!! ~_(J!!I~ ,pi _ ~U(~ __ ~ ~~U,' "!- '_ \C! iQ.m.~. ,g~",,"!1 __ , _.~~(!w

i~ ,t~ ~onda!rY' d. ..... c' Ito' .is ,flI:ll1x. Th~ d r.ii,'!.'l'esl 'Ollfil'cnt' 1:1 '~;h.~Ui,p ~l11_dla:ry" [)ue' ~:Q I~'h~, I~Belt~ l~. ttih.1N 'rt}~ ~ p~ LKed m the I!]\~el' 'fm:.gn~t" n ~s' lu~ i:II~, ~'h~f'I d 'l~ '~:a~, fhJ ji'l ~¥ ,~fi ,~ng~e u, ~e Ii] tl~L: "i~'ro~,Mi ;"tm '~f Il!:'._-" tW\~ lIIIu ~~, w 1'(1 tL ~ h, ... ·1i;C~~ Ip tht: ,di~ ,~nd diM: ~'4IU!:~~

jIj;~-~;":",;p- ,t-:~'t:ilii~' 'i ~~ ,'nli'p' :f] ue Jl;, ~- ~-,tri5i, ,~ ,d lse .f':'T:'!I1i,~ ~II i1I~tr' ma~n.t :.11'td. ,-.-o'!ti:jJjp i'Ii''i'' .n;.~Y~'~'~I~'~!!!\I ,~, I.'! 'I; _ ~'I"", ~ !.!! ~ . 'f~, """''' W - - - ~ ~'''''H, 'Ii! Ii F'''~ _ _~ !.'!, __ ., ~~,.~_ Al! .!'IeI", ,

,,'" emw~ ~he' dl$C' .£oorm h1~' :mag,~iUi,.'1~ 'W:-e '~,)iii, 'w,dt~ s:

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m ~hh; 'rc~a'\!' ~hC' '~annim"; 'Ii£~tllit bc:, 'W'iM\.'~'d""od! '~I iH:,tc' '1':!1'im::!i~'~ Wl~~h Ute h-dir'ii lL~ tg

,~ Ci"Ir' C lF~ .r- _, ~ Jr-"

l!ft.i_tt~le m~_mbi!.!;r' o~ prima.j'1f It)j~ !t1~m be '&(".L'KMi ~md hene ruIfli~IWil!t ~~ ,utf!(g 'I,;U lbe

,~iu"u,od-

~ [~t Qf:' thtt il:u!,lacl1iG~ m~ilYS ~il'(!! of ntisl ~. ,All. jj'm:~a~n' f~aJ~ufl~ of' ~h~', rt;! ~~. ,is t~t ~~, 0f~r,~ti@'n c~n '~ (,;~r.I ~rQlloo by 'op..'11ti~g; ~,1ltr' d()shlig of _ ~ndary w~nd~s- It "-~~ed J;lQ (iU~~: ~am '~0W' tbr;oui:I!ih :~al"!!!' ~.el:1Ir:e !til-To" lit-.a:m.nat 'be 'noocl~

Il5i 0" ," ',' '"' .. ,_"I - c _I ... .'c' ""!!!l'~ "< .. _"-~'l "I , .... Ulli!!; .,'j: ,'-",,' " ,C-"""',_"

,and ~l': :11.0 ~u.i'q;ne ~__fl 100 prod;~~~ fillS, ~~a1 'GaIl' '00 ~d~ ~:n~~a,1liii\\~~ Uptrn:I'TIg" the ,~onda~ w~li1Idifllg'"

IC;~_'" n ....... ' RAI'- ' ~~'~~'!Ig_,_ •• -~, -~"''''',rll

:2"'_' Ilflid uetlol1 C'~PI ir'~" Ral,,:y

1l~~ ,e~ ~'tJ~~!f:1,.ii1::~!Ll!}ft'l , ... r l~ fri~1 ~Y,Pil! 'Q.f ~1'L~,y iijs, 'ij,,~r ~i~i'Ii!lj£' fO' .11r1! ~~~;ht~H@n m[~_ful:'," ~, it!'ir~mg~m~Iil:~ i;S ~h~J.,fn inl i'ne Pug. ~J3.

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1f{i,I_ :2~:t31

TbE!' :lStlTI!~'(}r Citl:Ji!,~i5 ~ G§ twm~, Jour gl" 'm.:fie ~~~. "]b.ese' i!l!llie mtergi~d by U~ rela.)i" D j,~" The "~;8~ 2.1:], ~sh~},I~' s 4: pfilc 5ll!:'~e.tu~ ,olnd ~b~ '~'O' pan I~F ,~I1I~, l'h'C ~('jo:1'~s '~ a~1 1," ,II!I.:' ' , I ~ I ~(i~tcd, '~~I;1m i[k~ ~ ~' Il t,ll~U' l L~'na 2" .'1 C'C ~~ I'M,,~~ 'lit'!' ~mil1ll I,Wfjl :JM'Lr.., ~'Iof ~'rti ! ... - Tb.; 1I~'ll,'c1ir ~:;;. ~'!;J,~!l;~wC'",'d~ lutili~it·.,~ e ~JI,p typii.·' h~ :~il:'Udl!ll !'\l:'. L,g.:!inF~]'~~ ttL!; fndudk(~1 ~(ii~~r ~M' tii' II. Pn:~'iU!' '~R fhrd: ~ ~ h,b' l~dfliY th~ l~ilb;lUf "Jin!' !:!I i~ta~i,\~l~my ,il~d fif~lp ,oo11''U' il7tU~ii:.Atl(]ll" [W'Or~ ~O:n1i, ls £ii:'~ ~-o 1~1)t_aft!r !;1ixJOt :~tt;, ,Mil.

'1I:he 'it-lltr,ren:~ .and. ~~i~e J])ux~ p~u~ by ~he' 'm;'O paITs of 'CQ~is are d~l.aced Iff I \I1n f;~1(::h ()tl;lt~~,r' hI .1~~ I~, Thus I'&~e flt$uH!1m_t: ~uJ(. ~n !~ ~l~r gpf i~ :mt~dimg- ~ Iii1!!H·.U~ 1iiIt1 ·ft'iJ!,~~"1H h~ld ~ F rOOtU~.i:-d by ~'O' p___,dj~ I~d i;;t-N I~~ !DY:~ to th'tiI:", md}1' ;[;r~~ f~e.Hl"j;, ,,1-: mdi!lJi~~~t In 'th!!." !t,~pl n'flU' reter, 'D(~ 'tU,leflt~1 prud~Q_l~' th.e- i~lr:'\. 'ifht" tM:.l"r~ienL~n of' lh, 1\'1 ~ !i1:t1i~t·~ 'I~ood - ~ th~ tere Il!!;~ ~tuJ rh~ ~~!u!i' ['~)!~'i4~ 1m t~. ~,!Um" ~I iW0"t"! flli1ll ,.,. t~t

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,~~ rotutil'ii~ ~'fY~, "rI,,",,~l ~ .fi.:~d. .;\'\, !I..'\n~,t~l!1 ,1>1'10-1 ,~nd (~e ~Ilr:k, tohiipl ~!i) ~l'iJ9d 'Oil I~l:n ,ann

,;dtm,:iwd '00' t'lMfl' 5pind~_~ of t'M '~UPI' ,are ~Ihle m' p:r:e¥ent rntlm ~L'I1l~j]jI)lS l!iJtatiQn._

i\1I.r_"""', "'''''~Ol:j~''' 21- '!1,!1 .... "t"-. ,;i;'a.:;±' ~n ';1onw:",~1_" ~" ..."t"iiI!i,Tc,,.,.!io.liiifj,p, ~-- -: ,,-it ~' ... "', ,Cc-)i._· ~ '1IJIi'ii]

~!!.!;;:_. ~ G~ __ ,;'!"~ ~"I1'!M- I!i';'" J.~ J,~~~ ~ I!!_! ~ l_ r-.~!l!l""'~!II. W ,I'!,!;: ""'r-' !ilI~~"'~1 I~JiJiH_e 011 U]_G or~r. iIl,i!Ii' I~ III!

m i~~i5t.un:ds :Us' P{l55.l1t~e wi [lit ~his I:)'lpe. Disi is because~ the mbm!r' i, lHigh,t, h~,l1'lt!1L,~~ \ ~ ~m'!;' '~~ ~!rJini' ,~,~t ,uf II'ncrI1.,_ cilillil~' ~ n,thtdh:m, l~iI!jr iSt !'I~-d~~ro ~tIl'I be U:~ fl).)f ~tl!, ,q"'ii;\fiti~l,i OJ

Fi1\1. 2'.1,4, 1il'Q'~'bll' i IMlIlCUH ioop Itrudlil ..

. ingl~' "~<lifUH.y w.~~ytli- A ~i~~l~ '~U;J~~Jtcily ~l~la}1 me,iill-S, 'ba~h ffui!' ·poils, are ~ed. b~, t:hJ~' $3'riI.W til!: ~JI!,t:~[il'lig

.- '. , lIFiIM oo~:n <i nCo :-"~ -i,.--~ . ~-~\o;;; '''h'''ft ~,-- ,~",,- -,-qU.!l-m _"J '- -- _ --' ,-~~~y, pn;;tSie !1~,f:;"""" ~_ ~,~, ~ ~~""ee'lli

'~l1rnem. T OJ [fed '!Nne ~h;~: !f,lidDf i_l'Li1'rti<il and ttl' lilil.;') ke h Qpc.l1l"illion 11IiU1!~ :rn~I'" d, iioilJ't~lli:. h~diLH~llQll ~~l'lllli iJ! sl r~~d'YR' is ~~~-d. :Sr~l~h a mJ I-~j'tf"l 11.S S'~tO''!,!iIr1I itil ~ !J 1~[i g. ., ru'~'

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:pr-o.te;Ni '!.1e. :rE~ii!l!Y.S. llili,'!,!trul!oriiliiig; a,~e. q!N ~nt:iJ~ies~ :H~;g"h! Low a md, adjus~i1'b\~e S;~51 nll"-e :J~bl~' ~rJj fh~~ l~yS~ 'V01'i~USi s~a~ I~(' t~m(l' ,(!~'~ust: Qpe~~l~in;g {jI~~nt~.'~y ei!Jili'\1\~ 'OlNIJ ~ (Db~ifled"

'"!I, 5-' liidiil'li;l!!Ij..llll'aJ!O"'i"n til Illn.oilu""'t- ~"n' "Tuna 1ft,."'IIIi; __ lliI_~ n-" Raltll'Ui'

I" r.0,,' lIi.V~I[!!!U .1g'1iii~'_ Y ... QlL ,,!!!u.. _ .!yJ. "_'v'. .. ;,.: .... !!I.I!I!I ~ .. !g_!!!I~g~j ill V . II. .- .. V_P-[if

'1Ii'iI!.1 L.'~, I iii,,,_. 1,<0 - i"",Cj; ~ -I ~.",.ii ~"_~,,I;i,., ~I .• ,. ,-~ -, -, ~-. j I ",:10" "-, ~ m ~" -.~ ,~". l~ IUiJ!~.,' ftl I~:r ~I·-' .1 ,._.. "'""",, ~~"",_I I.: "II. ~.n H IJ K.] I.! [~!nll' ilJ'!..,!l.I!!1IrI! i) I!,u n II ""'~r.

Dit ~~ '!,l\~[I~U'r;Il"e"Ji'Ii.t [rel~i}~ lt1'jper,a;tffi will.;! I1Il th_e' rill ~,nt· ~]'1J ~hi[!' ,d!r .... ""'Ii~ i~' eixtle~ds :J! wlC'll:_.'i~ i~ :Pf~t' V1l~,U~'- 1'1~ mrd~tiol'li. ,!y~ nQli1Idi~'I!t1[[!-'1rID~ ,!jJ\!'zyr,ew:rA'l!IU :~_;;1iy has a 'oonst~etiiIrrIi

,,-,' -, " !!:at"' ' .... " 11 '1O".!''a, "i"11lr- U f 11jYi; .. i.Ar _ 'wi:t'L. ~~ i~iH: ,i""-~ --li~n~aJt.""'n. llil1-- .. "9;ilI". 2: J ~ .show:s tll..rt

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l(lmlt!~~T~.!diQJ1J~[ delafL~!il l'iif Ru.clj'__~!c~.]~[fJ;~l i!l1doorl:(iW ty~' 'O'''i!!r a~t iFr~'I;ily"

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i~' "',"'~r-:i!1ii: :"~£ lW[i!_l!~ ..... ~ ~lIl''''lfila'itt]~~s ~" ·'·'rrn.rIii~r ~_':oI! ]'( _iilitnniii"<t, 1~·lIi..i 1-' j,~'t' :1 'i' w,-·r ls ~ ,

-- ....... '-. - ~. - iIt '!.!' __ .. ;Sr .~,- , ~ !!!11l!I'; '!O!!~-IF~- = -- -t''''''' . n. ~Li; ,~l -~.- ~ -

:~ha,~~. The '~~'!lJ lilftiIDl/ um Idlse h~, tlfu;ee Ihjjl !l'olale ihe:tween Ul'e I~''O liIiJ!a,gners. The :!ipiM le o~ ,d..~, jjffi·;o;c,", '''''i'''rjf~;f~ ~fii:I'i(i" ,,;;,r,mta ~tR, .8lnA ,,,,·1.""""'1 ,t'I.,,", ,'.J!~.~"," , .. --%-........, ~il;-." " v· ,.: ,-:. -:1 - ... ~~ _-;, . - -

!!;1!1:iI;j' - __ ~;,>'!o, .""",_",l!i~ lL!i!"~-' _,~ "",<;~",- .!!:_, ••• Iii!! .- 11~J!! .J!-!!'Ii::' ~ ro.,~~~,i) 1~.~IiL'!M mfjli._tn,g G{'!{IjiL.aiC~ ... ~

1.!i! COO'll ~ti~·~ 'With Ifl~x_ed. IOO[lI~3ct£ whiih ~rn '!he ,temilr!~tls, 01 ~ Itrip' circuli'.

-p,. '."-lI~~_-'r '"""_'11 .J- '.'Ii hi -'1 '~W',;r:-· '!Ir!\'i!1[~'~ir.~ irn! ~~ ..... ''11 ~\J' ,,,,,,,,c~1 ,- --:'-:-Wf'i~ '1"'Y 'TIl,], '~~-i"""" ... ," -!(j

~ w~ ""'J~~ "'~ nOJl_! '~_!!i::Ill':i ~ !l.!' - - '1I.I_!!_lI~~ Ir'~ l!!ulu~ I U_~llth ~"(II!---",,~~ 1-'11;;. ,LL', Jl r U'!-l'! ~ 'M ~.J

;Oi/:mJjI\i!;~t.:d ti;ll til!,;!::' {fid~1} or tC. 1"" 10 lite Li]1lJJI ,to b..., pam:"JGI,-d. 1 hj:s. wm~~I~ i.!!1

~'IlP ~~' cit irr;l,h '~v'lll. 'ilhl"! ~,JPpl fJ1,~ .rfC ~])I~J~ tOOl hI ,rlll,l}i; ~mrr' bndSf.

~\~i ~1rn ~he :ne.l,. of 'lhb bli'id,ge .. J1'jium~ r @:f lu~ Q,F p,lli:ma'rJ wi mcliin,g eafN, he ad,jlllstOO. 'II1lU'oS, 't'~~~ 111§~iE"leQ~ IOU m!n'~' '~~tJlmiS :kJJ:" t~ Ift'la.-,' I~iufl 'be o'ota1.0oo. There art:' iu§unU}.f' se1!o en, ~_iOIiiLS of ~'HiPpm;&., b~' ~'a\ ~ ~ih"e gii!!'~reu~~ rniltg-e fr-{}m ~ 00' mJ~ in :SfePS o~ E \, TL_~~~, 'IJ:iII'L~;U.i]: ;il' . U iffliI~.;~ 13i::1ipo:± l;f ~hlUJ ,O;;;~ ~i'IIl r!.li iin ' ,.....f ~ I:i.;iiiJ FLO'I::!i~ _ 'TnJ!o.i_'i-.G iii ,~II,..;;~ I ..... ii~~'

!II ,~I~ • _ i!i.ili'l' _ [t.: iI;o-'-J. Ii.: _. •• e-'!ii'i.l' ~ _= _"" ~r!t.'t! ~''''r . _ • ~ _ Mi "'!'''' .'!iO ~~._';;I' ~ l!i!~!i"~ _ '~'!iihb:~j ""'Io'!!~! ""-I1"i

Ir'i'Ui'n1ig, 11llay nc '] tJA, i.c'. iit ~anJ ibc OOriilrwOO'OO, Ito' CIT" will~h ~O~!lr;~ ~~ ff('_,fi't Ii~tml, ~f 10, '\ ~lIltt ~f~th SO% ~ 'lin Ilill1' 'lhiQ' ru'~i1'ill' wm !I.:~rl ;jjiiif'(' ~,,1t~U'I:ll" ~ t. ~A- Sg ,a cf~tf'r;] ·-1' ;<:d ~hel

$~ . - _.- --I'li!C! --- ~. -I' ~ - ~ ~If'i!..;"_ -~~= -_.. _IL~ __ .. A= ilL .

'Clnn:I'IIl ,sel:l h~IJl!;' ILii', IIi1Ilade by ,~~~~Un~ lrii "in oot~'ecil 8,rr.ing k"J.ld ,,'\W~ ,i~li~' ,r:.f ~hc' brr.idfjl",C' ~)f'bt,~ a t; the" pr~r 'i~p' C\1'iJ ~ue :req~iJri. '~'!I,~I t'he p~n I;:j, 'wi~bd rOlr,v.ft 'ro]" 'I he pu.-,ose' of ch~1I1i1i::m,g t'ne :seUiilil:g; '~·~'~I.e uiJary iSI in [Se~ioo 'lRetrI IIie1aI)! ilu,!limmilJical]y ado:pls., a 'h~gher c.l'ur..rm.'~ ~nlJ rhus ~OORdary ~~ le.T. is iIllQt' '~I ei~lmclL So, ~~'I~y ~~, '" • ·ra"~jl' lot', 'Ill • t'al-I~' -",""e", n'~rn,;1f ~~'-'-rliliil~ '1'-"": I'l! ~iij; '''$ r-ni:uuti'iliil.t' ilL~, :"~~i"I;;jlt~

"JpLl _. '~_, _ ~~ _ ~ _ iJlJ!. __ iIiO.~'!O!! ~ ,0 !!;,iI,y~ -~; _.,~ 1"- ~·'MI'!i.t'§~c ~~ '!;.c !Or""oIl!!i Y ~ ~"'!.c_!_.,.~~

'i~'ll ;1i;'-j~ -1I""! i'l!F' M1; -'''~:imifi ,(;irl! i; -I'I:)! ,'''' • ... t~al i\iiiiTib- - - - ~ '. ~-.'j['j;j;~ ... """-,-'Ii;iiJi'"i¥'" S -"""i-C:-- 'T ::::io ,,,,I '-, " -~ -".-

~ _ __ ~.~ J ~~ }' . Uil~_.!I'J"'b' !:!i_ _ ~ __ ~ !ii!,~ LIf~ ~ L_, i!J11 'I; P1l!T~1 Im_",,~. ~~~, .. ~"~mJ'I;'~i~C~ U1i scrh..:~

",i' ~ wh~d ~n~ on ~~ ~ iii!,; ,:1' 'm.'i81'l!~~ Tl:l Lit "l~i1d ~ng is ~'nL"rg~ ~~ b} 'the Ilfi~h.lctJi~ fmml

r:1iJ:1.'''''''''''; LiIi'1;.r- ,iiFLL,~., 'i;;r:--<O.i\(ji-' .- ....... ~, ",,( "~-;-""i' _.J ... .,.. w;= -~ lne, ,j,lj.,,,,," ~"""" i. ".fi!~" ~ '~~""', I~"'l;' ;i'-DfNilir ",,-)Ii [- ,."IlI ..... .1' 1_1I! ~II "" """ I"'_~. ~~ ~~II'!i::.I~ i, .... ~"''''''.I/>I'!JI",,"r] _-_ ,lTKiI M"Oc" !T~ II'!LC'!I'I ~~o:: '~!IiI' _~il ..... "">1:<-,17'-.- .. UY

h),,'!.~e-r ml.t~£!:ts ;;lIme' :s.!Ufii!d~tly ,Hs,1i1l~ in iSpili~ !ililld UI:'iflie 1001 proo uee ,~ :mu:riQ~, t~'II!L'1? '0-ti1 th~ £'Illl.lm[~ilumIJ di:5(:. '1h€' ~~f _'il!i"~ :~s, pl!owdw by ,be, s:p:ir.~l iSJn'~gr

W~n curren t ~~91 'ils p~~ ¥'illlu:_~ dige irola,~ a~d Imj),.~.rng, e:o_~~~~~ ii.'!!t'II ~il!!id Ie' 11Ii'!I;I~ it'1!"l-IftI:t.1Ic4ion win~1 trip ~~ r'(;g~t ~~r,mbi~!d5. ,A_'_~'ll~ ,tl~~ ~Jhti~h th.~ I~ rotaJ~ ts ~n\f('\.~ O~ h) 36[J':1, 1i'ihe tfr~,,~i of the m~1jji;.g ~Of;jjht~t's; CArt 00 l~d~]lst:ed ~'! ~ldj~~!iI!iSI ,iI ~iI.'i:" !nil! ', ..... t!'jjt:IUi~ I"-·f d~, 'This '~.~Vi~, I(L...., T.~' -I''''~ ,~ ... ~ :4 -~ _. ':"'" .... , ~ ~ -:~. ",;i;u·~ -~ . - :L' - I.- •

-Sil-= I' ~ ~~ ~-- -- - -, 'I.!'- -~.. ~ - -_. ~- - iIi._ _I~ ",'I: ~T _I ~~. ~C!'il ~'rn;~ ~ ~m'!: i.'!!I!I;;ul!llg, WI~I{;lllll [IJ!

,indli~.=I!t:ecl !by ~, p1:~j ~t~r I!j:'ni d itlh:ne ,~ttii[il~; IlllIial lliit": di~'~ :i~1 ~aHhrfj;iIi~~ 'mto:!Wl. lal I~ 1,~ 'Ttcl3, &~, :m_o~: ~~:v~ d~:noot ~m lin,~' iti~ b!Jj~: ~t .,\t"(i$ :~,lJ,a;I.I~pl'~f whid~ ~~n be !:IsH ,!iil~g;

"I 'f'-I ~t.._~., ~~,-,~~ 1- . ~, :titI.- .. ~ 'm- -~,i-:-l[ i:' ,- -1:'\\': '""fio~ ,t""t..i • - ,.~ .... ,. ~-I 1:- -- - - - ...: ~ ~. ,0,: -- .---C, . c f-' :l'k,.. ,. -:1- -. "

, __ L!!~ _~Ift' _ilm\i!1'_liJrg ,5e __ !.]it_g _~_t.l~,"_!p,""e~ .(1!!!~ _,-e ~ i!tN_ial.'l11l1 !iiC;no!!~., ~!uili18 ume 0: 'l.l~ !r:1e_a~.

'1h€.' tijlWl~pJllag seUing munif'~lct 1~1I.l1r\\·e is :~]!Q~Ii"~ed :by the roatl1l.! fa-cm'!'Il!Ii,

2e!\,'~ llm~tjliftm: C IUInu:tI'rllUU,

Tli!I~c n1q~d~~d t~ I\tdat!;' l~ dl~ ·d~~d ... M ,11 't1;'tI'tl~1(!'. 'nu~l ti)r;q,Ult" ~~ ;!ts flltll1:'SU: !Yll ~1lt:1 pFri1~!ary 'i~~it:.. M~ ~!h~ ,to:rqu~~ ~~ii' I~ ,th~ H!1le' Il!ei)U~red ~~I?e ~liiJy. us

~liIIi\.~ ~'""1';u; "";I!--<"i-i';.;!o;"'h!O,, ·I"'~J~. -1' ~ii'. .. , 'it;','I'iIT '~'~I'~, ~~ ....",. ..""",",~ ihiIee' , 11:1.,,,,"-,:,,,;,,, ,~'iI."" ,..::~ ,___,..~

~ ::!i'1I!'Iil1Ij;~ W.~l~I~'!M- "'-=~~~!ll"i!!~~.s;:!lJ _~t:~_~ [l!1Iwl ,~-"., o~ 1~1I: ~}~ ~~. ~.I!ll! [IJII,..,""]nJ~J lr""""'~f"""J .,. ~_I,~ft-1.oI! GIL~ LII_~.!~-IIi;, ..... - ..... _.lnL_1I.

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~'l11IJ~~rea-ses.. ~j!I]lte defi~_U~ ti~me ts :req,u~'ted lbo,' '~he 're~:8!y" S~ !1Ji!e eh.'lr;,,'!,~-t~;i;~tiQ£ ~m~ ~~triJ~ght. ~~ne' f:o:r hig~_el'?' ~·al~~ '0:£ cu[('rem~. :S1!i~'1il 1L[lM:.,']". chaea cter.ist~es C[iI\n be.' ob~1.lJin-ed b}1 S'!ltuii'!"dif;1lg; ~hc :i~ "ft U~ ul;il(p!Q'r' ~~,wlct' iSil]ii ~b~t, 'lh~~' f:atUl0t lbe i'mt~it'~~s~ ~li'l the I~h~~ 'Qfiw ,C:lljLriU'ltl~ a~iL'~(.'" ~ b!lg]~ ""f,~~ IJLe.

fit.. r.~.M. ea ~ be l~t~lp~d. ,~Ifj~

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N';~nuJJi n)!:~jond C Ift.mm~, :i 'Fh' C~~~! t ,mil t;1i; th~ d l'n:l:t~t)IMI~ Ii~~'me~~,~ j~ I. {mfu.";f~IO'W1

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!I!mIi ~Wl' ~. h~,~n'!.: ,P:t1~,., ", ~I,!'y,b"g, ~I - ,~_ih"" ... ",_!cl'_ -- - '!P_ ~"""' - - - [f'. - ~ - - - - -El' e<

is Finn~,bil~d, rn this le~emffi~' t~1 ,8 d]UiSt CUIr.u':f:'l:I ISettUn,g 8;'5 ~ili" the ~"fl~lnilment'. TI ~ ~np 'IMfitaCit~, ~~] ,~ 1:1 ,a~' lli1 ~ 'wi'~h w~l)_dht_g on 100w,~r ma~l, Io:f :rJ;Q:miliretctioIilLffil

,,~ . . ·'i, ~:-:- 'I'· 'I. - i<;! ,- ·4' - -"~ 11',,;' -, .. -.,- --1'- . "'-, :':1 - '~"1i1 ,- -: • ,c_11~.-'.-~~ ib'!.r ~1!iI.--;. m1')~ett.1\l'1 .j, .1 IlI1Ne E !Ern.t! lilli. ~ Il.l!n.e5ll: .1,ili1lu iIll~ll~ ~lll ~ P ;QO:liil, ~,{__'5 ~ II, ~ !3! re C',~~~ j' _. eo __ '- . __ '_' " ~_ h;jJ! .-_

d'i~ ,of d:lli'c:dkl!jrj~1 Idcmt,_'f't!~ ,the ~,iI;[:)luU~Ht'mLll ,~lilmtt.']i'I,t a!lnJ\jITi!!; (~P~Ii:"l~E!. Tllui!'" 1tll1- mtt.v,-"rnu.~Il~' iJ£ Um ~d~I.'jg;n't~_!_d ~:~--'n~~nt' is l~ol1tmll~ by ~111\' diili'~dl~frI,d ~~~flrW'l;M:,

2. 71,'~ ,Opllifatlon

'Ullde-.,Ij' !OQ~J:rtt~J OONdli!tinn.;~.. pOiWg;r t~O~iS ,in. fh~ :p~r clii:r:edion a:n.{1jj lI1t€iIiIiP.f~

·~I·~j""i."", ... ,,,,;~ 1~'I.c;"·.-",""-"i' ~~ o.'L';;II, 'I'"i!i'il...,v, ~iC' '::""0' r1iPr''''~'''l\C; ~;I;;12: 'tCT~ "'~d·· ~~' wiridh'i!~ 01," 100,,",,~r'

~...-_~~".V. ~I"o~ ~ ~~,U,L-~UiL ~ll U!L~~" ,.c~m)" ~ ,Ii_~,ll ,r-'1I,i I:I"J ~.Il ,W ~INjM~ . _~t-~ ~'!Jr·lHI.,"@r. J' "~~ ~u~ [~ ~ ~ II!! w

m3;ijR~~' 0f ll)llnd_~'~ti9n@jll ~~m~;~ fi;s, ~ an~, h:e:r!'~~' :rmrmirrer5l[,.,aJ lel.em.ent' iSi ,~I ~ 1m£cl,MHII',<li ti ~Il'!,

'h,f) ~ tb(j f!l'!1l!~ t: ~~'1I~il".il pl'olc·. til~~' ,r,:Uli'ili'i'm t or pow~lj ~'if'li the ~ Ii~U~: ~ .. l_~ ill ~~ndc" ... ," 'IIil'

li<fi .- .• " - -~"C ~ ... , :l1'-.ioi _ - 11)1).-~· I~' -~, It-r -~ i'l:..· _ .. ,._,'Ii., . ,,', "';;;- ·i, ._- ·~I iii jJ. ::-~I'" ,,-,1 ·"~I . -.~, Ii ~I~ n, 1:Ii1i iIl\""" (]':~t! l!.uf;f,"(,~~ifJtl., _1~Jt'!:" ~Uit'I,'tr':!f!.", ~]!,~" ~ ~jI!l~~g~'!, rUHf l'h ~n ,~~ I~II ftlC!, ~~m'lill, t t"Ul" f!!~,

,11",1., ,- ~,.,i~~., - . .,'b.=~. ~"", ~-" '-'.", _. ,-tiL-", "rll '.' , _'··I~ ,_..!Ii, c. - -, tL., i' :i."'I(", 'iI!;",

"''111 ~l~~T~ pnj!g!U~ ~,!}'!:,"" r.~" ttL ,~I ..... , il;lllr,rr(~riiil, ~ ~ ,111oI!i ~ 0 ,~ilge 'OO~,~ p !,~UiC--es: anu u!i:L l,~ u X. ,1If1~

itlW6 ~11W~es :in)te;r:,ae)~' tl)) proclfiijOiil! '~.1tfte tG~u_e- cllu~ to w:~j!l:\1ii!1 ~h(!!' d~' :rQ~ab~s., As ,di~' i I' .... ,-., -I..~ ,",., ',., ~,- I~~I ~ Ii Oij , , jI", ll,~_~ 'II;'~', - - ;!iii:., - 'II" [I''k, lfi -.' - - -, l. ,...1'-.- - :~~ nal ~ 'II~:

~~!'I't~:; t~l"" tr.'lP oon,ta_~ts ~,~ ,il- ~ g~lL c[~ .. ,I'"ote 'i~~a,i, 'LU~,e ..,,~. 011 ~~re:c,~_Q ($_~~_

~5: ~lid1 1~j)Jt ~;t ~'!; ~\!!r1J ~5i~~\i'e ,!lind. ~hQ~gh '!I.~ill~a,gc ('aUs UI'i1dm :s~hOR; cirn)[;1U'i't~, the ~umm~' !t'.~H I~S, '~il"'Sprl"~;l_lftf~e u~, pmdi.K~ lSlrl'fh:"l~rnt ~orqu!.:' '1.0 h!l'Yc' di~~ Ir,~d"1IHf)n. 'U ~~ ~I iClflLSi~~ !fL~ I~hlit' ~'~~I~ 'illP~Il~ l"\!. 'n !illt :! % Q,f f',lw\'r ~lQW in 'ru'!l'e~ ilU~tl00.

Thn "'-!l.ur"""'i~!':'ib,'!/ii! fJlo~'~ ~Jlrltlu~1 ~be nrnm.;H''t! wn,ldl~rlil!' 'fUili ~~~, tll"1t"i;1o""Jir. ~m'l,i~~~iil~ Of

,. J ~ ~ __ , •• y I.J ill ~ .. - . '-'J' ••• 1. __ .~J . ~-'" .. -=1 - _. ~ -- --- -~rr'llf'~~ -- - ~ -- -

,- ·~""-~I'~ - .. ,.,-:~ ,--.~I,,, -, ... -."'_ ~'I; - , .... ;' .. the ,,'-4'---, ~:, ~"f'"-·~I- ~!I!.- t.'ilijCX 1ll~ I~l-~

iI1iIiOn'!l.lI!Uetj"tor:~! !!,i,lgm~ Il.iIil~~ il'!n~r.~z'€'S t e "'.lli1lul!n~ eo P,I'U'!I.lIiIlI.t'e 11!~lle uiL """ .,L~ ~l!!I.!1~

,0 . d, C ~b .•.. ',~', 'ff ',' lite ~dTl,!' wh~diiflj",' 1M ~~ !I:'!I()!P(U!I:'G_Ctto_u~ ,@",T@rn€rII:~: aecord ~~r 'Lo'

IEI1II_iU~,ee.,m,,,lDi!J I _'.L_Aillf,.!- ---~---O' --- ~- -----~--- -- - ,iol:l!

}..,"ffI.,_r.' c'" 'ii"i;"'-"''''~ft'iil ... -, ~,..., 1~'1f-- "i"m. ... ~ .. · ...... s' tlli = .-] ~~ "",.,.,,1 ,,,cilf:""",,,:-A. ,'1.,_ ~-;'-I!'I,.fI!:iilifij' 'w~Ti'JlI~Trti"t, M~ ,::1,

11iI:~~L!O!! .... ~~1n ,!",.~ !~~"'~!!IT'O_""- ,.19!;.. !l!Ii.~ ....... , •• 1l.a'l;.}L ~~, ,J ...... '... ...11W':K:'U\i' IUI~ 0!!'!iC""'v.,'.~ .,il __ 'JI'!i!.;!! o !II = .

'.I, __ ~"",iiI -',:i-, ~,- •. ", 'h-" ',".iI,":,~o.il I .c( ."Ii,~'!.'. ! I~"__· :";if jI" -him I"'I!~ 'f~_ '---,.~i1.I;-in' 'lffilIe

C: ~I p~ltn. neA!:;:'t: ~ .. I! lijj'rj_I[iIIUL~':Q. l~.m,~. I;.~ I'!I! _ t'8 ~]fle ;J;UIfll: ~li!Jt li_ - "".e'" i!!!!",; Pit'''' _" _ ~_ ~ __

rurtutlU.T II ~j,\. l'h' It,,,,~'jj!1 'fI1(!l~~, :~f;i t_cr,l'I;~t k~' plfOO ~(!, t~~l dri\!~_l,g ~~f(TU-oEl' whfcl~ !!:1iJJt~'1 t """ ,,,'

LI ~~. _ ~'C I'th -. "'0'" ....... 11;"', "1'1; .";'rcI; , ... i'~"'1 'L:Io, -~ .. -I' , .. lil~-"'''' "'-nd- - II~ flWc!iII-->;fi~ ~ii..iii' ~ ~"'Urt b"""""ik'r t

i!,iL~C:L. JI ~l~i __ ,,_"; L'!;.r,IJI! ~'!iol~ "..1· "'., ~iIi'.' """.~,,,,,,~ _ IL ~,,",' ... P!i~ ,.1 ,- ~ "~lr~'~.- _, ,!tTl... I!o.;t,~, -~ ~ ~~-- '-

""-,,1- iI' . ~b.... ~''''i1~ll~lI" ''''-''''If _,

b'u ~!Ioi' I~~;I~~ ~a,~~ OJ' I,""",d,,,,,,,,,!/.,

~, d i ~ectlli(ID_al ,~I~~rd ,I'PtUS~: ~~~are IlIUrst ~o :H1.iHfe' ~.be- if[~r-al1~Jn (!i£ d~(,1 ~:QnciEJi!lUClimlld, ele~_t

"~it' [~olk~v.\':~n;g' ,m.md,ltiom mUlSl; ~ SII!tiislied b] hi:iW'c the ~r'!lIth~t'Ij of thc:' 'en.liN I(1CL11' ~

1. 1fil~~' tlt~_j"· 1111 r ifJ~ C!JfrM't ~~. t~ d~JtJli,!I~~: nil!US~ .~"'~~ ~ ~¥: ... 1(!!' di !'ii~cft!~(JnLd ~1~ClL1f',il~~

, Th:--i--· .... -. "'.'-'_1"-'01-, ,.- ..... I.,~ .... '- ... , ,t'L,.,. """". ,~t.~ , .. ..iIi . .;, ......... ·,·'1' ....... ,~--~:j; I...~. 1~.·· ... ,IIlu.- .. 'j;;,''''~I ... ;j;1L._,;,;, _'i~"':-I~'

,_~ ., ".G ""II'!U!IO'GU" '~g__.~ ~_I ~ ,nG .I,,,,"'!! 'l?I'ao!iOi g_1W'!i:;,,,,,,_tu\~ ~ ~~,lj!.i'Z!il. ~ !C!"'~~\r;.I ~§!li;:!!~ ~ I~f.h;, .... ""'J~ ~'~~I~1!

~,t~ing"

, 'iM' l!ti, ,·h ~ftilllk' o:f' '~~_rf;ef;l~ :~.lU~I: [pe'.ffi.f!i!t lnr: ,H, tiline per-.i~ ~'llitJ i~h is ~!r-t,_'aJ. ' llm~ t~m~ ~th~g ~l th~' ruL~l"'.

''''l! '7 "'il; ni -- '.'Ii'~--~ --I ICI,··!k,_· , ........... .J1. t"I-' .

,;i;" ~ ,,;i:; lUI J1l C" ~OJi1a _ " n._N'-UI!In I ca

us stud:l' rile p~~ diagro~. to u__~~n~, .~ dil:~tj@;i'i-[,l ,~l'~j;,Tr~ct"~jis:th~ Ilf ~h€:' 1P~,y.

~b'-'n-' IUI~

V' ,_. ~Relaly ·~~ttilge throlilgh :p" T.

~II ~ R_d_~y '~l~i~ e_l!JJ1i'mll~' 11rn'fD~]lh Ie ,.T.

101 A Irn~e b~tween ''1/ ra~ :r.

iN~t:e :: D.e' s:y:s-tfoml l~nJt; [.s. gm~iii'l~)i .~ the' \~O:I:tolge' bl'u~' wi~.h 'Shl.itili].fl~e 'OOill W1"dio:m ·th~ rdaiy ~_nt' :~s' nlladf!l: ~I ~ ~, \!\QUa.g~ by' lam.g~ fl

~m 't'1J!' ~~~",. ~~e €.O~ iQ'1PCr,a'thlflll of [~!l.y' ·a': aU UlC ~JX"5' oil :~iQ.'IlU.5 !lt~cr aUI ''-' ,r..; r • 'i '~ilJJ.tdl-l:1g~ ~, ~P~~ ..

• ·i91Iii'""f.i~"'~I'· I I ... ~"'I ,,-.-tlC!io, ,-I'~ t:Ji;up. V~C b·.·'io!' "Ii!" . ....-"~ ---: [n.-'~_

• "" """-.,~.",,,. ~~ i! .. ~~ '''''",",l~~ _ ." ~~~e'!!l'_

• lit, ,;;;; fli,!iiii:ll:. ,pliodl1~ :b)~ '~m ~tl8:e V'

l~ ,n~:x ~v ~,gs \\foIta,g.e V b,l( an, ~ 1'-

t, =' '[f!,h~IX: :p:rOO.~, by' ·rnr,rEl1!t I

'TflL,,,. 'fliIll'~' .i._. j[!l, ~'~I ~1.,~~~ 'w~tb ,~'Ii..~ !H~M!iiH'Lt, 1_ ~ I~'~~ ~_ ~ T[ ~'. W_~I~ . - ~~~ ~~.~ 'IIi;_~~L"~_!' tiL

- ~l

-'v: ..... ~ !~l btque li~t.

!I!J ... ~

FiiI, 2~_22: Phlaor dl .. am .".. ~IQMI chI~iJc

~ ,h.t_. Ihnq,LJI,ti! ls p rup!l)ri!i~! t.m~1 n'li~ r:lr!JJi)i1~ ''I;,'"'' 'I ' fid :S~'f~1 nl 'I~ ~.FIS)fe b~M'~t"n I ~~: tl,'!!,'~ Jl~]~(,~,

'f at I\h "~ ,s<irJ! {~v /1;" td e: .. .~ sin '@3' 4' ']1

Om ~ ~

I~~~~~~==~

'~~~ld'm~lm tOTq[lltl' ~f5i ~:ben sun I~el f-I.~ iSll tif'.

I~'+O I~

11\j' 'iI;,(~1 uJ i th;~1l fJ~)r i hl· n'l!,'t:!O~rnl~ ~ ~o:~-qiU~, i i':i' li'h~w~ d ilit:tcd ~ Ij1j ~~, F~g. ::!~1'1. 'Th.~ ~![Irq U~I 'Is; ~t"r:Jj,1) when ~;m (Ill ,*' t) 0 ~~t".

[~, -+ 9' I;::' lilr Iit(r t81j]'"

This '",r:iU b~' SOl.'H:smI,,·dl 'lIN.i&m ~~e !tI'C'la,j1-' !i:l!!Jjrife:nt :~ pa~:r' ['ies, ~jtL~ H~.e "'if phasor !Ui'lf I~, ~~lilf~a;__ ~"!!Y~tb tv- 'iIhe' IOO~~lf't»tHfJijg line i:s, l~a11led ~Am]1 m~1lJ'C I ~nc :l11i-d" ~!il s Hnn"!!'n i~ tin' :FI~. 2..22. Thi~, ~_,;_~ ~ s ,~t, nght ~ifiI~~~ !~~~ d\e rn~~ ~J'f!iiiw.lli 1~)f;~~Io: I~Jrnd_tM~~ ~ h\~f.

TI'iii~ " ~h'.111''i".u'i'''II·{:!'"i1' .,..ijL,,-;;- ,i!i;jj;, :i)~~~!'illh'i!\l i'!'!; .,-,:"-;:11--41' 'hoit iii:- .. "'liitl~i' il"!'h,l _-II" ,!~{1\!l1 'W~~I~ifilo

"~!'! I~,"' '!OoI!~,,~, D! ~~ '!i;iI& ~IL II!" "l !"!ii f!l_. ~ .. ~,; r"~ !!,i!!lI;1L:1!l!!! '" -~" !,~~ ~!;'! !''!i''~'~~ If" ~" __ !'~

~ .. 00;.. of' too ,mj']xi~;num h.uq~ liJiI~" If U; lb-;, di~pb~ mfilr~' ~hiin !J{f tli'P:.lfl !h~ ~~~I!t1~"At Will~l ~u.i)'ifl. 'Both G~.r:01n!!tg as 'W~I] a~ !I1iIOf;l~iitti:mg;; reg,kitm, dre' ,S~OWjj in ~he i~i,g. 2-22'-

M'~r('imiiQ1 bi~rqu!!: ~III!:.· ~; The ~tt1!8!~1 ~}' 1!i!!'hi<h Ut~t (u~c~l ~1iJ:p,P1 ic-d to lb~ ~~a) ~e<.nb thi:' ¥o'~l~~~ 5'1J~Pflied ltD' t~1 l'~~ftJ}" ,~iJ ,!il_iS! k~ '!l~~_lin du' m!1~mMnnl bj'"'t~w ~'!tl l·~ Ut,-d mil ~imuml to(-q U(l' ~fiI~I{.;~ Ir.~" :,l.A,], U IL'~ d !,;'Rif.~h~ ss 'II: iD th~ ,Fi~" :~ !_2

~i[fiBl d~e Fi~'. :2:;12:", ~e rnlill ~ffne;

'9 '::::;; I~[>l._'![.

Subsli~11!l.tir.ll,g :un ,t]1Jt2' t.j]):r.q,!.!l~' ~[lIIQ.~~~

T ~ ltV 'I 5h~ (6 * 9O"~'r) T i:l ,t;:V ~ ~ (6 v)

Thi~ lk~ fJrn~' torq,tle ,~lJ..ilMrrw :m relllW of ma:;"ilimum turq.~~1 ,~ngl~ 'r .. ~~ ~y.pk~[ 1>1~h~ ['if thi!' !n~)[!llfr!,.:~, ~O'r.qu~ [~Ic' :!i~' O!>.j ~30~I' 41519 ;jz.le.

,~urrmlii if.:m'iB~n~ 't'{i!1 I»oonc~ :t'IJ~!'Qe.s~!1I~r 'il'!..~,J~ll1ii~, 'i.:~ft~l!Ct The ilipnfilj; ts '~l~ed to fitM .~ 'i ~~, ~'~),M l.ih~1 i(in bet:W1t~~ 'ii:on,t~!!.i l~ ,,1fricll 11(h~ :s;lli:'~~, 11 he ~fb~' ~,'lit~d ll~v\i,,\r ~n!n ~!iISL'fi t~) [Ea:rry the' ronm~~ w:hich is lp:h~ot~.. [0' hav,e' \!,1!JtiobliGt ,s~'Ul~~,5t t~ :ensio®ft bl the $prin;g' an [~ aiclljusred,

lite' fu~, , :2.3 shlm\\'5 th~ ~he.m.utic di.1gl,li"u.m ifliJ ~herma~, !I':~lil}?

., ~81 'ilrh '.' - -, I R-' "1' ", " iii., _- 'Illidiirfin B, _'. 8, a)!s

1WOO~~11 t'li~ r.e~;}y; ~r([!Jf~ O-n tht"

~,n~dfl~ ~f ht~~:futn,"'" cl1i"oct of' ~lr!! ~l~~d( '~l!Wfl~~I~: 'lin th~ 001 i1~! [~~i]. l~ill'tCQd '~f l~ ~J~i1U'C!Fil~ ':r:~t ,!;)f Ii& 1.i!iI~~I'ttfrcJ'.. ~h_E:-..~~ r.!.l~~ , , '~It 'n11;pt'f;,i'I t!,i_s~ Ii~· l'iitf~.J u I ~_'ifJ by I.],~- 'if'~~n!!.;'tjjiU~

~m a :sh;nil?l~5t: '~R'!J~m!lru !l.r~liiji,y,. i'! ml'fte,l.1~lric strip ~ iIlfi.iL..7(~. The rSitirip i5 iWtlOlml.~-d ~'b{Jv~ i~ r'esuS~~l.~(j~ eQi~

1·,:21

• iii

IFig. ,2',.23

i. nd"'lill nur,[j~J~ I' end ~t1(l!:r'tS\!i '~t,~ ~(l~litiiliii. "; d U:'I!' tn Cl\~'IflIl"~f!1 ! ls fit!!1 ~t:n~;g1n, ,t'Cll' I~.a't 1lM' '~!ifiiJ~!'o; l'] I. K~ ~ Int~dlli l~m.J!iJi!J (·k~:"ii~d. ("it", '!oitri~~ n',"\"1Ili11.~ ,~til:'ilii!8~~.

~''11'lt"'n th ~n; is 'u\"~ritO!ld iI~g.. ~~tm, ~~~ ~urrf;k"1i\t ~ rU\~\l~, OO-yQl'i!G: s:.;.d~ '~!l 00 p;r'O!lll u~g ¥~f,Y b'ig'~ :~I r~~~B' 8_'M ~,purt;(jI;ii1itS la'rg~ ~~~~'- T~~iS ~he' :s~.rfp s~ts, he.rul-eiJ '~]IP and 'OOnds., f):u[El' ~o 'the ibendi~g ef lffite. stf,~p'~, U;e ~-;priiJli,S; ~B 'mbe' mmtad5, ~ .. :jill.:! '~I ~rn\~ri! t :i s in te c r l!I r-h.."d.,.

rE' "" U r eases, ~ -:~inwf.d~ it; :~!tti~~ ~~dv'~, ,~~jH1Ii'V U~ ~Ulri!i\,1~t 'Wi(]'lg~~,II: 1~f5iJ~ , !III

~ ~ ~ .

M .. ~ ,of' ~he pm~Ei.S ti:oo Ire!.],~ ~[~!5i!5' m iSiiijj.'JjDC atrtitng_'e'mcnl of;' ie:let'h·i:J.tll.lgncts, ~ith .u!n .. ~t~~rc ~'r' '~nd'~~~j~m I~ll~, '",~h~eh ~~rJ1 'OO.Il~~t~, 1'h!;' reJ~ly"l' ,il~ C1l!:'ry ,~~~ d~~m"': ~Ii" ,ii'!f'"IT'i!I~';i'!j,~ '!liif ~::,on t~;i-'lS·J~nllito:~11 dc",',;~ :U II~ •• I!~~'!! ~,~ I"" ~)f, .. ~ ... ~ I~ iIi-'lii :I!'I_~!'f'. Fk -!-:;i~-"'-~~lIfilima'LJ'ji'V·ts,

~lrF·~-!J!J!~ . - '"" ----'!..-- iii: - .~. u, -"-. -"''!-.~ -~ .-'!H!'Ir'· i;;;) __ ~ -- I!;;.~~.--~ 1!:l!c_'._IO,gl_ ~!;I". i!il-1<'''''''_!!J_~----.o)!-''''-

~~ ~ ~1J(ru~,tt\!" vt]U~ge !;1;r oot~~ the' ~'jpes ifif 'w:v.IiI~J~f.1gs. CI.!I~l."i; tll UUJgb "'fif,Jd I~ ~,m'u~@' :~.l'lgJ:l-~~k :lllJ~~ ~ tQ-:rq~.e' is d~[!!]Q~ by th~ 1[!i\~r:l.cn.OnJ '~tw~rtJ ~Q; nl]!~W' ,~f ~m'[;tl' 'w'~nd'i~.lgs, Ot ~lh·,x,m~ the nu_xes ,01:' l~th U1te wLrritb'ij;gs. ll"itl ,g:efi,l9'~Jl Ul!: t ~~ pl~OOll.,~d by ;[['11'1'00 I: ".~ iodimg' is p:roPOI:'i1iQ]ilft~ ,to :square of' 'lfftJe cn(OO]1I,'t; '~lm_e MFq~ !»1)[j l't!l:~'1d bi)' ''!lo~I~j]Ke' '~',und il1fi1; ts. pmprn:-tiona! tn ,iI!ql'l~!Li~ ,i[!f 1_ '\ ,,1 n ,'1ISC", ,Ilod. ~~ biOOJ~l~

:prOO ~ ~y 'bot~ '~he' 'w.indJ~g.s hi, ~r(i!.porilt~~1 ~~ Pk'j(j,llld ot: :!{o1ta:~ ~nd the' Ci!Lf:ren~(" :Mjltherni)~an:Y' w~ '~_1lIl ~'ri~i'

'iQIj'~U~ rrOOl!~'ed by '~~t'1t'en~' Ol~~" = Kll~! l'OIl\~U_~ ~roo~, 'bJii" \!~~ta.~ 'Oj~~ ilLl iK~~\!<~:

l'QIi'~liit' rf{K'h.~~, 'b} r~b ,rne IWU~ - K$V~ '~~I ,~,O ~ 'if}

wh~re ~:~~ ~~ .ilfitd. ~), !:;;:I ,~m~~\lnt' m;;:;. ~ I1Ig~e IOO~W~~ll V a:~-d, ~

"[. Cl fiijn,,"~ lTi"i(io'i;T~ iJ..;"r,IiI" .... ""liiIQ't.:.

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• ~tmtool, ~;p.I1n,g5 aIe' lused as rest:r:,amll.Ag relemerrtb

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I~U~, ~n be e~pf.f!(~ ~' QI ,~~~, eqll~itiM as!,

1 = KI~ '* K~V~ $' ifK:~'l.l'&D5' ~tJl='d ... ~,

'linf:5; a]r1.tl;a:tian is ,eaUed uni,v~n:llii, !r-ela,~ tm"~~ 'eq[I)l!a.li(!!n. the 'tenD :~, 'C3on be :.11 :re5M,ail'ling 'km}!l@~ ,~t~ ~ ~sf'~ 'or ,gr..a.vit)".,

8,' ,~tp"iln(g ~ita"'e ,!}Illd, W'-e,g;!llti,ve ~i,gns ~I ~erki'in 'mJU:t".nb !u~ k~ Qther ~t.lli!n t:s blii I~ ZCl'tlli m~ ~:miIeli m -'N, ibv :.h:l'rm!V' ~lmiLa r ';-~t~r 'Imm._s- U1P'~}1I'i!jI-:-'ra~~ .~.D'

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ri_h!J"~i_ii~iJ~ eq,Il~~~m [oF IlU t_1w typ~, ~ pro~ti.v('! :itl"lays I~a~ 'be ~t~i'Mrl, l(ifoOm "~ .. - t .. ---~[ --

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W ~~~r~i 101: J,Jti!J\~J" ~;'!l1L~t'l',r:ol~J!~ ~~' n~,f

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~I ~\!1J!~~'~. iIi~r~i:fj~~ fi'b!1 ~j,}li'~il(" ,~j:.jfrj(\i!'T ~' "'''.J' I5l Jr't'l r.r~' f

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,;... ,~'". ;'1 •.. -I· = _ .4' ~!L. .~ c. "J.' "'-."11' - - ." • c ,t, . J~ ~, H ,;!'c,-",,,,1; .-i. ,]',1' .dTi.

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bru '~1il~' 1!.')'V~i1'lel!l!r.~It: !Ii't~I1.}i~, a 'il;jIl.U'~n~· i~ :s.t~ blJ t: sueh r.0Iay.s it1!n2: '!Il1(]~ '\i"€:ry s~fI:~i}~I!j~-e as l~ re:~~~}l's ·~-an.n,~t distimgPil1.~b beh~t~ ~~avy Jn~j[iI s mm.rd mi~ojj' r~~ ~t ,oood;it1 ons, !ll.

s IiJIdili '~1:~"S'lI' d ~.f(;ull:'en.t_i:ill 1ft"_l.~}fS ~~i.n be \.l'~~. -

A lilt ffiflNil nld.1 lreibll)1 ~.-s dei];ln~od. ,M· ~he .!('lllY Itbrllt· i'!i.Pl'~Ii~ WhNl th~ .1 h..l~ II' d,~rrf!!~t~~· ,I!}f tW·il) OJ; lmor~' ~il1lil ~I,:n' !i!1i:!!f:! Ii'~Gd. "IlIi~l'Iiti !~!CS 'C~~~~~:; ,ia. pT,!~~~~r[1lIi1 i twdl '1~ lrueo.

Thus. 31 !it:uaEnft· difle ~ti.;,d it'elay G'pt1f,ates IH, tillim· !t'esu.h 'ill{ mrml;p.;anscm. lJetweeiiJJ UU~ pha~ artgi~ and :m~grUltld~ of !the' elll~ts ,en.terift,g and ~'I'i]n8. ~: 's.J!1ste~. t~ be fm)l~ted. Url,~~!t" p~~~m OO'..N1dJiU()n..'"i" l1m~. .~.~ ,~!iJ)I.rreI~ts· ,~~ ,","I.la~l il1l .ph~~ ·~~d m.a,prlh.tl:d~· lu.l['l;(;~· ~e1.'1y. is li!oo,~f.1~J]V!!:!i. 8u~' unCleiii' :faIii.H ~{;!fid~t]';Ql-:li'ttS" ~~J.~, ~QndJ~lml g ~~n,~1/r l"](i~I~,. "m;n~ :n'1'.1 ~r ie'S eM n~h,':L;~ irn '~, .. u~hl a m.llifl iificr Un.'] I: I~frn~' ~tilffe~t'e b!:l~;\¥{'L~ ,I H 'AI' ([Ill !I."~ni[i' ,and ,.l!llint.~II: I~'!:rvh'l!~ thli!';'\"S! ~h I~]r-I!~ lh.-); O~~I: .. tILII in . ilfoiW .. If I~rlmhl ,~ur' '~~"(W'

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~ WI [1!i'PIl!: ,e.x~ds j]. p~t [~~I~y~' I)('$l. th" Tr'd~y €~r~tc~ ,~nd '~~1iIl9 It~ li"r'l]fiCUU ~f~~k~M •

.Alm'!P$t a~.y type' of' !i'ela:y 'W~. ~-{};1;'iI~nootOO lnJ ~. I~er.tt~d~ w~y call be' ~~e '~Q ~per:a~ as a dwi£e-tmfiail. ·f.-,ebIY.

3.2 T'Jpel of' D Iflere nUB.1 Relay,s.

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m(~d ooJ~y '~@[U1C~ h:'ii ml ~ ~bt~I.1' ~ as C~l' '~~n.u.~ ,~s· ~~e' elllr:n+m I' di tferel'll'~ ~I ~,"ljl}1. ,[lis r • is ~hiD<Wfri, h'l! 1~.e' !f~~. ~.;1.

'~~,n~g O!I![u~nlt: ttifflilisl.OfiliIlel1S ittll;:' tii5!@d. lhal!o\'in:g' 5;i.mtl: l1alti.!J: ;a'i!e' ~~too 'M. ~.h~. Wt,~· si~ti, iidlfJ: ~ij;i' ~UOn ,t~ ~ P~!!)~~' too ~!OO1IQ.J(r.~~..s Qr CU!Dii!nt ffillMllsifor.!Ilile:rs. a N' ~'lCll;-)fed ~ifl :soe:rn~.jO :5ll.1i IthEj: 1~r:r:Y ip.1:l;i;i;~d I~ ftil1ei'ii~ in -UU~ :!!iliritliiil;!!' d i!l!'('1I[;!i~f1!.lt. L~t ~~.t:'f:i.m~: rn (,3, ,;0 '~:t

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i_4;i ,ncm.·,~l1ig 'thrt}u)j,h th_t'! ,r1~mary 0'1 I~ m!'I1Iil 'tr.ifrlShiHl'nllCtr:8 'toWllil!lcilJ'; 't~ " !I;,'t'crnalli fiii!ld~'. A~, i'ht!' ilCUtlinl1tt t!i"!!~~iIi,;fttl~~ ~ ru' id~~licl)~, ith:: 1~~3triiJ5 !!Ld ~~ rn'i1m~' Lril'ruf,'[lr:uru.~r.l!! wil11 ","-"r:'~ ,[f(ot:"I',[1 ~ '"'Il!t', ... ·rm ~s_; ~ i.ot~ ,i,'Ii.'·"·inU"_'·~i_', ... ~f' '_'I".'l!"~ tIi'rIn i"i"~1' W!;i~ I 'A!",:w ~ib,.".....~-,I.., ~k ... ,

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~f,~tin"'" ;fj!H :f~t:r dite -;--!Iav HeDoe ,re!J!aill.~ will :~ah[!! ib,~afiii\r' Stli !f:I ~Iav : ~ -, ' t,

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the< II i.'i 1lJ11 I' I~:[,ren~: intW not r.il,wa,ys :f](W.jl ~ ~, 'f\1uU :fro~ ~ !5id~. A DQW ;ffitIl ,~ :8de. lUIJ'ly ,0'1' ,e~en, :SQ~ !;;;ur~t, ~I' ouJ; ,of ~ 'si,de 'WbH~ a ~:~ cun-ent' em.~ lli!'i ~ o~' sJde' iC?m 'Cay__~! ,di_f:furterttl-a), ~~,~ 'Ie ,~rar~" Th!~ ~ !lm(U,'.i_j~tt ui ~DllinI tru(lm1fn;g; -through ,a 're]!J)~ ~ d.epe~d~1 IUponl the W'ay ~h~' :bul,'t i's tH!i'l'rIg fP.d"

Tn;!+. Ile'U(lY stlfll'f:S Ilir-om !~ "'nll'''''!!Idm.,gldiDd'''''-Dtl,gft ..

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;flll:r~ts at h ~ or ,iIo'I,..~ ~"""I !Ii .... , i:--,-., .- - .. - i-.;o,__.;,....._~1 .eIi. . ,Oil, , .:;; I, ' ,

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2". t!~e it'I.:~ay [~ lkd) ttl' ~!!lte' iHa_«tim,ltSr)· with hc~~y tli'tmiJ,p;'h QN'f,ren_t' lit_~,. ih~i"i' i~, lM~Ii~' I'~:e ,~_S_!!! limed ,id~"mt~lil C.U_j'~,t: 'lr-a_~.(~-IJli;Cf, m;.y ntd :ha~re

. dmtir~l ~d.aIi)I' limlD"e'i1.!S due 'm, fhe ,j[~D!I tlt'Uit"! iO:Alll iiM'i~~rs ;J:rrid "fd1{~t il":abl~ i;m,~n~ ..

"tt. UI': 'ndw ~(,,'M. ;i£."I't""·'~O"h '~:a.,.'~i. ~dii]71In!i:!' ~;i), ,;"'ur..,..,-.;~t: h·aili1L~~""~';-;'!i'S. mli:'liV S3!tlLl ~alfij,

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iiiflld 'ltii,llSe 1li~ul ~d~ry 0Uu:eflffi. 1.fiIine d_i~~~wence ~,m~ the c:~]r,rm~!i!· !l!l"k\y ,iilPf[{}iQ~h IIWIIF!' pkl ·'!I.·,I1~ m:: 'to' ea~ 'I~tl_t::' h"i:1C(W',L'I!~· O[l-"iC!lifdtn'llMli fDr It~1(:l' I~'] ,)".

'i. iU',~d~r. hei!l i.!y l~iIll_:r:reIll~' IfI(,Wi"'~1 F,t~{~t ,t!J.~l:C iIi:~I~Mf;~it'!l'W!e~!'o! iIil1.1)' c!l!~se ilt1tilC ~ I f.1 hl' op'Cl'i'i!ti~)n (Jff UYi: ~laIY.

All. ~ dis.adv~liItaj~ ~ ~veroo~ imiIl Ib~ ~om I~.~b:y.

~I ~ :mumc S1\i~~ '(hi! !i\@'lay i~ df;'l!d~ ~ ~r~:t(): ~ Ule' diH~~l)!t~Jl'1 1(; ~~~I!n~ [1111 ~erIllls I~lf n'9 f'ra,-eti'mt,(ll'] 'retitln. wid1l1 t_~e' ,KiWaI] cW'({'1IJ't: f;1i!:~~rng ~1~n:n:Ig;!1. t_h~ 'Fr[m~l\."dI elf.~~i.

':I1v fi~~ ~,3 ~hifl'Wii ~~I ~ lifiililj,em't-:n'~ ,~[,~ ~ ~ k~n\ r:d3Y', ,:ll!l!l!!l il~r';ffi~

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The Q~timS' ~h~!"~(;~(~fjSJH,{"S I~,.f ~h~s ~pe 'Q'( teLa,~' I~Si skiti\¥J.l :un the Hg, j(,S~

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I~ m"iro'li~ me m~I,.'I£Jh::!iIJ-isUC's :~s' ~ ~i r."Ni'~'~ t Hne.

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Idlarad~r,is~es; ,~c_ooa~ ;a;s ltilHie s'h~ ~l~!jli,~ 'it'~~ 1'iIJoen~' increases, S!Jj~ !l::b_ilfli:~u~~_e<r,~~tl{'s ~~, l~hn~'nl In th..." Fts:, 3.11.

SWllIEh rit]~}~, nll:'il~ eam~e!. l~n[':rt!cJ~i[fj;g, 1s.IQ~~' pcfO~n~'"iL~ d~fc~n.Uillll n."I~:tr$'..

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\IU ~l\, n~db,o~t hl ~ns ~~~, the ~~ 1!i:1lJIjr.r(!~:1!.'~: r~I~,y' :~ (f{t!nfU~~~~d :iH ~~i~ with ttl.~~, ~JlI.d~uics of .[2' .mr1!J1i'rulliii;~ t;fail'1is_f'fJ:nnt.'~~ 1imti!S, ~.t3 : .. h ~~'~ lin Itft~~ l~i~~ 3.1.

Un d -''U n(l~:n"b'~, ~ol'li!l.H~!!;1i~!oli. UU:~ ~~ rrr"""rlil ;;1 ~ '~'1n.c 'lWI!lr! {"-md:l!, ur lhe :~~tjOl"i ~"O 'b~. p':ml~oo is $l!m~" Hi,.'llOe theil'e· :l®, lno· ''!,;holt3ge' dirqp .. tor " It:h~ reln\' ,~~ Ie_~,pse I~~ ,~~tr~~nt' to, ~~_f()~i',

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'ifhe bU5b:,u"' rl!lli)'~ ,.10 wmportruntt: I~Qlc in Ike' S:lJj,pp;~y s~lstelill1!. The busb:,t~ iC'o1ul!ffi ,,[liE' ~ re tH.U H lOO~~j rs ~11.l (,I ~ be 'u;lb~li'iI.'~I,l!Iil:n '~f ~upp:~~,J'~ il,;Q:iiIi! It~l·rij}': r ' ddJI~MgP' ,~l~d ~ .. [~-~~~, D~i ~btJir ]J!r1;Jh,,._lictit!ll'l ~ s m l.I1~lt' ~]d ~~ m.l1~fi m:' (.Ji~t~, i-lt;jJbl~ aliW~ !Frt':liLiJ~tf"; Thl!' b1t~1 . p~~'b.I~H il nc:@dt'i lID p~ Jet 'n;~t. I[j!~'lly U~(' b-U.;it,"1ff ~ut. I'~J~ d_pp:.1f!}'im!L~, a~J'l!ii,~ I L~~ ~'~lh it 'S!LI{'h as Ii[j KiIJl:~~' b:~ea keili'R>., iSiiJ.,1\a:ti~ s,w:i t£hes~, i:msl~1lllmeill~' tmlrrt!!ii~'nnlll~~' etc.

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l. fa i~H fP or !.":i~i.!Ilii bf\~]k('r,

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1'. ,~(;~~dtfil~ due lim foreign Ib~dt~,s lo1Umg d~ ~he. lb~~~~~ffi.

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1hj;s., :us ,nothi:mg b~ I: ~me dH?lerH1l~ilil :sd1teme Qif lite pmt~~m of 'brus'ba r, D~' l~fIictl~l~liiIJg (Utfelil,t pli1J1td;p1P ~~,aj~ 'll:'t~~: UJltdm: ~'0fm.s1 wm-kmg oon~.l~hOJ:il~ ()f; ~r~:e~~ fa~~U wnd~ti,01"llS1 ~um lof I'he cu~e.nt~, e'n,teriFlg nu~ n1!,l~ eq~:I'~ 5Um of the ~~rfefl~' ~e;.li\i"~n:8: I[~ 'biUS. 'UiIi\d l"Jr iiny ilj1b:mojj'j[fj ~l'NJtidj~ii!}Jil:i' ihn U!t~~ p:ro-t .. ~ ~~ '~ji!.:!'. ~'Ih;~J'!1: 1~IiIP~ut· Or' ph~se te phlDe fa!llll~" "_(;II ~rOO'J'il t: 100000d inn ,g-e~ d i· ... tu~ lil!ild "e.n&Ul~ ~~_ "'" 11m!.; fJti~'J ~' ~an 'be O,Pemii!li~~

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:l Ad'rm~n~pC-f Orr !\fho ~Ia.y wb~,eh is ~~d on :m(tas~~~t ~f ~1fl:m.:P()k~t ~f :a{j~m~m~' y.

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DiE' di~tIDon~1 [mpeda~e' '1i~:lay' ,caml be, oolaiilllled. by ,~d~ al mT;eCtiCl~~ ~JemeDl't In Ihe ~a'5t~ '~Tfiped~Rre relt.ty. Th~ ~em.m't, 'Citn :sense' thii! di~~. I ,of I?ow~r '00" cu~t Ao",- ,ft~ flC'ia}' can I~~II- ~'f oom· i f luh~' d~lfmll ,of f'Q' .... ~'if flow is ~n O[lI~' IP mru f d.i fL"lfb~1iI \vi ill esped tu th;; pDj~1:U' w~ ~ lory 'i. ~~'t'! I'~"dll,

'lib cMrMJt~~isl

d:i!DJe~liinl'til~ r!'!!lemt1!l't i~, aJ ~Jt~ s~gh ": nne ~_'$S(1)8i Ihm\!gh grigj:n" 'whlrlt ![:ft1lJ be' :sl:n:n\fl1 in:

R~X dia~m M' nopreffi:en~ iin Itllt! The dlm'~u .. >d '~illl' h'L' tOil t _ th· ~~rt 0' . m!aimum t~rq!!lll4'. ,*U:), b(l ~I,QUICd lell s~nn'\l"~ tibovle' th~ I in ' in _ Ui

lh~ Qpe~ n!gioll IIJ!tlI ~,

dtrectl{if11t1l element

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unpL'fI tIild,[l,Yj, '!;.v~ gi E , ...

~liJinilnt dh:ul .. td~r.Hilll'11i:~' 'Whidhl a mJfiJliN 10lil1 @. ,~ s.tmi~h~: ~ and ~. dK~ of rn',l1IJdi'llls, ~ Z], Th'll1S,

1~~Ji ~lal1t ch~l~e~ .,.-

®~i~ij,,~ b,~~ ~'La,P"'rim.' .: n, . 1~lfle Slliltl;1~,~h l 'I in~ ~'rih}t~ri.,lliLiE'!ii !Of d.j_1'I2t:tiCl~rn..l1 (i'1~'i 'I~ ~ f't'IL' n ~h~ j nth I • ~m~ mlt,ly i~, ~~cwn tbil.· PlI; 4.S."" ~m~, er 11ili'n.~ - 1m ~ k,dlJ :rue wn~irn'i! It'~ "'1"[110 "HU~ ~I;no\','~ _~~. d m-UQ!lol, '--lllr!l ._~rLU_ . l'k' I~ pl'ro1i I

rn, nunl '~! iu~~ d, ' ~m~d ~Il .'" ThlfJ ' ~r:ultl _' tin" luwm ml II ,Rill. 4.51 is ,~p il,,-

111 ~ ~at1 ~JIl!'_ t- iOPLv.iI~Dng :v.1l~~n Gr tile Rilily.

~j'll'Dd~:6ed Q,i!Ji'i!\'d ri_-lti;S ~ 13)' ~~~J~~ "gdirtonal 'Ij,ml.kt,l~ to. I~h~ VO~I'~~ m& e:f' all, imp~~lIDi,c~ Imlli1I)!f ft.£" klr.q;L:Jle e~u311'lb of Ihe relay CfIln k mod!iled, The ~ddli~1

'rol~!I .. ;!ii~~]pHi?~ Ii' ' P mpc;rtl{ll~.a.l to lM tOile mr..ftln'~ iillfil'cl wlJNl] {Ur,ftinlt: tu_~~ 1tu

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Dit _ to l~l~, ddll,I]OOOI !f'UJ rwJrn 'I: ~ _~ 'I~ eirel; 111' . miJIII iap;!:IIi!!.'~U!lIIl::·

C' . .' 1i1_.A[~ 'OO'iJ 'm-x dlb~ ~in~. Tit '_' ~~, of ,drd ~ rcmins, .~~ tts 'IV If. ~~I '. : ~tte. lets ·tiM ted f;111 li!)]jgln., 'I'h_iB· i ,'how,n l:n Ifpf: Pig . .it B.Y ,oo~tmU~ng 1ru_1'iI\'m1: 1b1M;. sbU~ o~ thc~ cim:cl~' ~ rrl:ie ~iiijUSet_ed ·as pil'.f ~~ :roq~,d~~I:.. ~~. fig'. ·4.6· 00 .. !}pI: p¥.~

'_ :'2~&1 Ule II)'I' Ilrn!~nJdllnCe Rellay "or' 'TlfBnllmllssJcrn UI= [protealon

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I~ormd Uflle WlmPI'IIt'

zt. == i == ~m,Fe.dlilfItce 'O~ hFa~~y section V

Zf c::; ;_, fil, = ~:m:p~al1m W~--I.l f~IJU ~~ , ~~

D_ I , , i ~Jl ~ Imm, _ - I ,o~nl: A., 1111'1 I aul r -cu~ a I' poim'l', . The ,y()~,~Sl,1i 1m I of

_--'Iny ~l!ivGe, ~O!IDI ~' 'YF !1m ~'M,rre:rrllt: 0011 ~L'hf~ti c~~rJOO't Wf-o '"fhCIl I i1,~lih 0000-18. Ttp : n~; CD I~\!ll' ,rot lil is ' _I~t -'. yC:~ !:b.'_ t It' pw~.etts thL1' t~;jjj;Smls i 1'1, ~I:n" U!l?~~ " UiI~, 0:, Thus -rn,r liJil'lly .faJJ~t ,bet.o.J ~ ArB, :si11ll:l~JaIr. 'l'o ~~, ~h~wn. ia~: :pom:i 'f~' :impill~ ~, fa~J, mndjjtion will bel less ~Iilan the ,[edL~~~_ed, vat .... !' 0' 'impldaVl,oe ,Zl nd Lheml;3,y 'W'II~I 'OP~r,I!lt~~.

[~ ... - . 'd-' S-.....i:oi.-.. . .... , r'!P.'U!Ii!fti~1 lin, '. _ '!!'!!!~~~ ......

~€ !_'lrn~, h~,l~~~!1D(li:: ~ .. "Ii)f P:!l~d. itS, :!"Ii9Ildi~th)n-lliIti' U' C('Hl 'P:ro~~, t~, ,I i ne .fr.I);U:rtrl, fa~IIS1, ,!m~ J~ i r~llilll~' ~G~lti_ons; 'Mt.Mn (Re sectlOlil he too. So nUJl\i:diref:ti.onol,~ r.elil,~' Ei]")~id_~,

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[pmrectjo~ '(m '~~'JMi' stdfj' ,(]!{ ~~e :1:'mi,1i1j l '~~be_re! Ir.elary is located. Bu~ fi~ the :porllon, o~ In

.i\~ 'o:tI1i~1 ,is ~!J 'IDe p~~ledeil, ,then, ttu~ d_iredi__a'l ~alG~e r;elai)" ~a~, '~ '!.lI~. A'S -dm1«l1!llil<,;i I r-:d~ 'i'!I'rrRilill·. _ ~ri ~~ti'iit!!:l---C' 'm~'It.~, 'in I~ d~liKr(] n, tIle ~~g Al~J w'lll be 'nmtoctedl

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t1lllf; llld;]y wl ~~ I~fd' '~~'F~ll(' Ir~r ~ny fil~IU' Ipmi~l~ ootwc~n ~~~~~ ,~C',

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Dr! d,.~n·~le~eris1ii~"S of U~€ ,d:i~eoti~ d~t~~ S!ehl!mc' dise~s~ ~'oove' ~n 'be ~'irUJi"I~im, on R~,X' d loa ~raml. U Is :ih~w,n i'A the fig, ,~t8 ,(See' ~Ig? (JIi\ pre~~~~-nls ,~ge. 'ifitw!i ij,';'i . IgIDJ, S ,~~~~U .~, ,~f lilml_" I ~~C' ,n iiI)' :r(;l1P~~.fIlj led hy $iro1i~t 1 iii"ll\~ on tile' fit ... )t 'l·H!lgr,~m •

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fii1~li' ~i:liY ~It ,~~ X.,:l' ,;: ,It ~L~ m.~c. :pui~ t: X 1-:, hll ~tlc' opcr.JJ li rntg I~unl ~md :rt1~ ~y '", t~ I hir" h tm" amy fil~n p.lL~i~1:Ofli a lun,g Ur.:-e' ,AB~ Rl\ay Wim 'tf.ip as ItIle' retil!tl~' '~~t.IDn A B liii; iJ.1l1 I~ :p~O'!\'~k,,~ ~r.m.. Ff.w fa [!.lIlt: ~.'~ ''¥:I i.t ~.n, be ~ '~t th@ ,iIwl ped~u!Ul:e' :l,r :> ,Z;_. ~~ ~iimt ~j~l [}y'ts:idj~ ~, ci'rele ~~@ 'in idle ~,ti,v,e tQT-q,1!];e ~~ and !re~a;y ir:ema;ins ~1~~tiiii\~C:.

~ Ith L~ ,~h'ii~" llikl!: '1l1].~CF~~i_fie; ~TIl'qj~ !, ,Obit! iHCd. by '~L~rR,'11I ~ \~:hn(' lthe' f(~tnI'in~g

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~D.rq~t' !<l!ij~ ~~_ (!I, it.1l~lh ' 0 ~:n~~ . ,i!l;'e~?IllI~I, Ire-my" ,~,~ fj _ (l!ro~ rrom ~ ~. enrH~rri,~, _mo'e~~ ,~~

p,.1!$L!IDY~ tQr-q ue and, Id'ijlJi~·.'C:Hona:~, ~TliH ~Ji!Uie:i' :negati,\!,~ RJI;-q~'.

Thus :j;h-' -iJ"i'!~iIi!i;i'lil! ,~lIIrru :"'" ,an. -O'!lP"""""~IlTeIlt: mb~ W,ilt~, the direcll~1;1, [[\fM!~ir;a~'Ii1I,~'

h~ l~ .. e r'!ii'-,.,n,""~i!.II_i!j"_"",,, o!l!lril' __ .;!' """' ~~~ _ ~ - .... ~--.., .... ~ . - _ ~~--,i! __ ~~~ _ ~ . . ~ . ~~ _

.

'iIl'ie ~"--tr-n-ru . ~-m t"I!t r!!l; ~(!I, d)e!'ii'~a.d U\;a:~ the maximum 'm(~IllI.-e ,tina'ie is 9tr.

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Fig, 4",11 SciMIm-Mh:;; Ii rQIi"_"l\1 I: Qf '-'iI¢U!ng N~

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i1!lw !S,~ril..l~til.:lte iliiiM"id for ilrnc' iI:\~i1eh.~f1I~~ ~~ar ,~~~, b(4! (iif li!'Iidl4!:·-~.~!l!I !CII!IIP ·typu. [~, ,IS, ~1: f'a U' ~le' ~~!J'Ui~~tI1n~·. I)t: ~ ~ '()Jj!f;fr,~th'l\g cui I" pOlarrmHg coil a~~d ril ~~l!illJ 01]1\& ~ol l, De S!I.hemtliiie .U:~il""'i.1r€m~'it:i: ,of '"'",il"" 'f~tt', fll.·'l fflc.l!M ... , ... "'''''" """,'lltJi1l1' 'i!', ,,~ .... ·f"" :~" Ifl:.."", '111', :" 4.;IJi

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iF~e ell Ii!l;\~nt: ~. tl~~s IfrutJiu :pole '].~ t.itftli!l: ~ ~ ron tC-or-e: ~1'ai(~i!li1g, ~iD! 1,11J~\rl~r :P()!~~~ 3,~ n~eWI1lh1!inm:g, QIlJ pl:l~ 4! i.s. r\ett ib~nilJ ~"f;rlJ Ia~' V. "Up ilp(]Iiiltrn. hJJ\~liJ~' ~B J"lrorll'lftt't1 lli),-y i 1.! ' ,d~~ll!.J]1L ~f flu ~.j,~ due ~ij}. I!J~(l wj'nlfih~~ e. ... ,r·n 'illi,~ ~YiII:'~fJj~: {il'IoLt'li le. i~~t '~{~i!.'ti(;lH 'oil I~ r~!.",!ro;, f)!Il"OOIJ~ by :r:1ic!!~~ 1.~ 2: ;J!ill..d 3, ~Vhi 112 l~iU," 1\:.,~lf..1l~n~~~~ ttir~IUlf· b, ,dt" Cl~i~),~d !lJ I!I~ li~~, ii'll'tFIf.d11:~I'[!:iilI. of ~'U.~ due' '~() the 'r>dl-es, I, 1 ,<lind ~t H~fflI(J"i! ,tl[ Y,~ .!tlng: tQtqut?' 15 :pOOi~~ioo~:~ w' ~rrne ~~lam-e '0'( ~be eJl!.mreJll!t (p} '\-vhHe th~ .I~tnriftl:i~:~g~ lor~1.~l!~ rs :pw~~H~d to the' .~rodJud [uf v '~:R~I I 'f\~I1. The cle8iJ~~. m.\iJ:ri:~1!!Iml llo:ri[~~' an:gif'l' I~ ~t~ i'nII.e-d '~!jtittJ. lh.e' help 'of Rt' Idjt'i~~it; ~h.Q~i A ~rII l~lJrn~' tlig'. 4·.9.

4~3,'2~ l,orq u. E:qtlrlhllli

'If' d r:u~r-~n:g Ih.'H~iqpe is p,fQ,pOd!~Wkl~ hl; ~~ '~~.;mi\t.~ ~f lh~ eu rJti~'~,d: whH~~' U~ ,~~ir.r.'iJ~~img' tqr:q~e is ~rd~~'~io:[ll.H:~ to the pNd,l!,!rc~: ~ f V ant'ffi J,

H~ tbi} :rt~t· ~Qtl\fiil,jiJ;' t1I.N't'~ tUi~'>: th~ .... lfP.':"'t· if, f· fiI". riifii~ '~!1l,' -. '\"1<"' : ~11.'

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,IU u." Ibt~'~am-:t.. ~Il~' !~'\!'t Ih:llt'[ruu~ is zere,

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l(~ c 1K:~ f 'OOs, {0 _, '~]

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