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लोकतंत्र और परिवारवाद, धनंजय राय
लोकतंत्र और परिवारवाद, धनंजय राय
vDVwcj&uoEcj 2010 @ 57
dks Øe'k% 69 izfr'kr vkSj 81 izfr'kr 16 ifjokjksa ds ikl ns'k ds fupys lnu esa ih<+h esa lEifÙk dk gLrkarj.kA nwljs 'kCnksa
lhVsa çkIr gqbZaA çèkkuea=kh in ds lkFk&lkFk vkèkh ls T;knk lhVsa gSAa esa] futh lEifr ds lcls cM+s ykHkkFkhZ ml
dkaxzsl vè;{k dk in Hkh usg# ifjokj dkaxzsl vkSj bu jktuhfrd nyksa esa ,d ifjokj esa tUe fy, yksx gh gks ldrs gSaA
(bafnjk xkaèkh 1983 vkSj jktho xkaèkh 1985) cqfu;knh iQdZ Hkh gSA dkaxzsl esa nks rjg uomnkjokn eq[;r% bUgha yksxksa dks lEifÙk
ds lkFk jgkA blh pj.k ds lkFk yksdrU=k ds ifjokj gSa ftlesa igys LFkku ij usg# ds lap; vkSj vuqcaèk ds vfèkdkj dh ckr
ds ifjokjhdj.k dks ,d rjg ls LohdkjksfDr ifjokj gS vkSj nwljs LFkku ij oks ifjokj djrk gSA rhljk] fir`lÙkk Hkh tUe ij
feyrh çrhr gqbAZ gSa tks fofHkUu çns'kksa ls vk jgs gSa vkSj vkèkkfjr gSA efgykvksa ds çfr vR;kpkj
pkSFks pj.k (1989 ds ckn) us yksdra=k ftudh igyh ih<+h Hkh jktuhfr esa FkhA dk vkèkkj muds 'kjhj dks cuk;k tkrk jgk
ds ifjokjokn dks ,d u;s :i esa c<+k;kA eè; çns'k (flafèk;k ifjokj)] mÙkj çns'k gS tks tUe ij vkèkkfjr gSA rhuksa rjg ds
vc ifjokjokn fliQZ dkaxzsl rd u lhfer (deyk ifr f=kikBh ifjokj vkSj thrsUæ HksnHkko ds c<+us dk dkj.k ;gh gS fd
gksdj cgqr lkjs nyksa esa iQSykA fnypLi çlkn ifjokj)] egkjk"Vª ('kadjjko Hkkojko lÙkk dh Mksjh bUgha ifjokjksa ds gkFkksa esa vk
ckr ;g gS fd cgqr lkjs ny tks 1989 pOgku ifjokj)] jktLFkku (jkts'k ik;yV x;h gSA ;s ifjokj dHkh Hkh ml fl¼kUr
ls igys ;k ckn esa vfLrRo esa vk;s] os ifjokj)] iatkc (iwoZ jkt'kkgh ?kjkus)] dk fojksèk ugha djsxa s ftlds dkj.k ;s [kqn
dkaxzsl ds ifjokjokn ds f[kykiQ yM+us dh gfj;k.kk (gqM~Mk vkSj ftUny ifjokj)] lÙkk ij dkfct gSAa nwljk çk:i ;g gS fd
ckrsa djrs FksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] mudk vfLrRo fcgkj (vuqxzg ukjk;.k flUgk ifjokj)] bu lHkh lksyg ifjokjksa ij vkèkkfjr nyksa
gh xSj& dkaxzslokn ij fuHkZj FkkA vxj fnYyh ('khyk nhf{kr ifjokj) vkSj if'pe esa yksdra=k dk vHkko gSA blds dkj.k fofHkUu
vHkh ds vkadM+ksa ij utj Mkysa rks dqN caxky (fç; jatu nkleqalh vkSj xuh [kku vkoktsa ugha vk ikrh gSAa blds vHkko esa
fnypLi ckrsa lkeus vkrh gSaA dkaxzsl vkSj pkSèkjh ifjokj) çeq[k çns'k gSa tgka dkaxzsl bu nyksa dh lksp buds fl¼kUr ds vuqlkj
dbZ nyksa esa ifjokj ds eqís ij le:irk esa dqN ifjokj gkoh gSa vkSj muesa ls rCnhy gks tkrh gS tks ncax tkfr;ks]a uomnkjokn
gksrs gq, Hkh ,d cqfu;knh iQdZ gSA le:irk djhc&djhc lHkh dsUæh; eaf=keaMy esa vkSj fir`lÙkk dks etcwr djrh gSAa
bl lUnHkZ esa gS fd dkaxzsl (eksrhyky 'kkfey Hkh gSaA bls ;qokokn ds uke ls Hkh vUr esa] tkfr] oxZ] vkSj fir`lÙkk ds
usg#] tokgjyky usg#] bfUnjk xkaèkh] lat; çpkfjr fd;k x;k gSA dkaxszl ds utnhd f[kykiQ rc rd la?k"kZ dke;kc ugha gks
xkaèkh] jktho xkaèkh] lksfu;k xkaèkh vkSj bl ekeys esa fliQZ jkdaik vk ldrh gS ldrk gS tc rd yksdra=k dks ifjokjokn
jkgqy xkaèkh)] æeqd (d:.kkfufèk] LVkfyu] ftlesa 'kjn iokj ds ifjokj ds vykok ls eqDr ugha fd;k tk,xkA vfuok;Z 'krZ
vykfxjh vkSj duheksTgh)] jktn (ykyw fliQZ ih-,- laxek dk ifjokj gS tks es?kky; ;gh gS fd ifjokjokn ls fuokj.k gh tkfr]
çlkn vkSj jkcjh nsoh)] busyksn (nsohyky] esa çk;% lHkh inksa ij jg pqdk gSA ckdh oxZ vkSj fir`lÙkk ds f[kykiQ la?k"kZ dks rst
vkseçdk'k pkSVkyk vkSj vHk; pkSVkyk)] lHkh ifjokjoknh nyksa esa fliQZ ,d ifjokj djsxk vkSj blds fy, t:jh gS fd bu
usdka ('ks[k vCnqYykg] iQk:d vCnqYykg] dk opZLo gSA nyksa dks pkj Lrj ij yksdra=khdj.k ds
mej vCnqYykg)] f'kvn (çdk'k flag ckny yksdra=k ds ifjokjokn dh bl çfØ;k fy, etcwj fd;k tk,A igyk Lrj] vketu
vkSj lq[kchj flag ckny)] ihMhih (eqÝrh us Hk;kog ifj.kkeksa dks tUe fn;k gSA bu esa jktuhfrd nyksa ds ifjokjhdj.k ds
eksgEen lbZn vkSj egcwck eqÝrh)] chtn nq"ifj.kkeksa ds nks çk:i gSaA igyk lS¼kfUrd f[kykiQ djhc&djhc foæksg dh Hkkouk Hkj
(chtw iVuk;d vkSj uohu iVuk;d)] lik gSA pwafd ifjokjokn [kqn tUe ij vkèkkfjr nsuh gksxhA nwljk] pqukoh jktuhfr dks
(eqyk;e flag ;kno] jke xksiky ;kno gS blfy, ;g tUe ij vkèkkfjr vU; çfØ;kRed fu;e u eku dj bldks
vkSj vf[kys'k ;kno)] jkyksn (pj.k flag] HksnHkkoksa dk fojksèk ugha dj ldrh gSA tukUnksyuksa esa cny nsuk gksxkA rhljk]
vthr flag vkSj t;ar flag)] jkdaik ('kjn vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa vklkuh ls rhu rjg ds ifjokjoknh jktuhfrd nyksa dks etcwj dj
iokj vkSj lqfç;k iQqys)] f'ko lsuk (cky tUe ij vkèkkfjr HksnHkko dks fpfUgr fd;k nsuk gksxk fd os vkUrfjd yksdra=k dks
Bkdjs vkSj m¼o Bkdjs)] rsnik (,u-Vh- tk ldrk gSA igyk HksnHkko tkfr ds vkèkkj etcwr djrs gq, ifjokjoknh foÑfr ls [kqn
jkekjko vkSj pUæckcw uk;Mw)] tn(lsdqyj) ij gSaA ncax tkfr;ka ftl rjg ls nfyrksa dks gVk,A pkSFkk] ;g fgpd rks [kRe gksuh
(,p-Mh- nsoxkSMk vkSj ,p-Mh- dqekj Lokeh) vkSj vU; detksj oxksaZ ij fofHkUu çns'kksa gh pkfg, fd jktuhfr dqN gh yksx dj
gtdka (Hktuyky vkSj dqynhi fc'uksb)Z esa vR;kpkj dj jgh gSa ;g tUe ij vkèkkfjr ldrs gSa vkSj turk bl yk;d ugha gSA
vkSj >keqeks (f'kcw lksjsu vkSj gseUr lksjsu) rFkkdfFkr Js"Brk dk çn'kZu Hkh gSA nwljk ifjokjoknh nyksa ds fy, ;g egÙoiw.kZ gS
vkfn nyksa esa ,d gh ifjokj ds lnL; ny HksnHkko vkfFkZd gS tks dh uomnkjokn esa fd ;g ^fgpd* cuh jgs tcfd 'kksf"kr
ds deku lEHkky jgs gSAa bu lksyg nyksa dbZ xquk c<+ x;k gSA futh lEifr vkSj oxZ ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd bl ^fgpd*
esa rhu jk"Vªh; ny gSa vkSj ckdh jkT; Lrjh; vuqcèa k djus dh Lora=krk 1991 ls iQyiQwy dks u fliQZ rksM+k tk, cfYd ,slh ifjfLFkfr
ny gSAa bu nyksa ds ikl yksdlHkk dh dqy jgs uomnkjokn dh nks egÙoiw.kZ 'krsaZ gSaA vkus gh u ik, tgka ij dksbZ fdafpr Hkh
57 izfr'kr lhVsa gSA bldk vFkZ gqvk fd ijUrq blls Hkh dgha egÙoiw.kZ 'krZ gS ,d lksps fd og jktuhfr ugha dj ldrk gSA
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58 @ vDVwcj&uoEcj 2010