DEFINITION OF

SWAMP:

A ë
 is a wetland with some flooding of

large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. A
swamp generally has a big number of
hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by
aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates
periodical inundation
 ÔEDUCTION OF SWAMP IN
MALAYSIA CONTEXT

dn Malaysia, one of the major coastal

wetlands type is the mangrove swamp
forests. About 52% of the total length of the
Malaysian coastline (40% in Peninsular
Malaysia and 60% in Sabah and Sarawak) is
mangrove-fringed.
SOUÔCES OF THE ISSUES

POLLUTANTS AND
SEDdMENTS

dNVASdVE SPECdES

ENCROACHMENT
AND LOSS OF
PUBLdC ACCESS
 Cont.
SOUÔCES OF THE ISSUES
CONSEQUENCES OF
ENVIÔONMENTAL
ISSUES
dDENTdFYdNG PLANTS & ANdMALS AT
EXTdNCTdON RdSK

LOW QUALdTY LdVdNG

FLORA AND FAUNA DEPLETdON

DEGRADATdON OF EARTH
 ADÔESSING THE ISSUE
Gazette all remaining mangrove forests as
forest reserves or protected areas.

Devising well-balanced coastal land-use

plans
Ôetaining protective mangrove buffers
along coastlines and rivers to prevent erosion
 ÔEFEÔENCE

è ?ttp://www.frogs-ny.org/AboutSwamp.s?tml

è ?ttp://wikipedia.org/wiki/mangrove

è www.simedarby.com/environment/mangrove