tcef; - 12

uRefawmfESifh at;aqG ay:tl;...

1947-ckESpf rEÅav;NrdKU 83vrf; *kPfwef&yfuGufwGif azmfjycJUaom cdkawGtvGefrsm;onfh
wdkufcef;ü q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;ESif htwlaepOf waeUaomtcg q&mBuD;\ pmtkyfaowåm
a[mif;udk&Sif;&m 0w¦Kemrnfrwwf&ao;onfh q&mBuD;vufa&;ESifh 16-rsufESmcGJcefU
aumfyDwck awGUygonf/ pm&Gufrsm;0gí EIwfcrf;om;rsm;wGif ydk;vnf; udkufxm;avNyD?
ppfBuD;rjzpfrDuyif a&;xm;[efwlyg\/
,if;pmrludk uRefawmfzwfMunfhvdkufawmh [mo0w¦Kwyk'f\ tpjzpfaeonfudk awGU&yg
onf/ ,if;tpudkyif uRefawmf qufvufpdwful;&if; wntdyf wa&;Edk;awmh
0w¦Kwyk'fjzpfoGm;ygonf/
þpmrludk q&mBuD;tm;jyNyD; bmaMumifhqufra&;oenf;ar;Munfhawmh ]]igra&;
csifawmhygbl;uGm? bmrSef;awmif aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdawmhbl;}}ajymonfü uRefawmfu
]]'gjzifh uRefawmfhay;yg OD;BuD;? uRefawmfqufa&;csifygw,f}}[k q&mBuD;udk awmif;aom
tcg ]]jzpfr,fqdk,layghuGm}}[k ajymygonf/
,if;pmrlwGif q&mBuD;a&;xm;onfh acgif;aqmifZmwfaumifESpfa,muf\ emrnf rSm
q&mu ]armifxGef;vif;} wynfhu ]tkyfaygif;}jzpfonf/ olUZmwfoGm;MunfhvQif
q&mjzpfolu tlwlwl aMumifawmifawmif? vlat;vlaysmh/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhpdwfwGif
]xGef;vif;}qdkwJU emrnfurmonf? xufonf? olUp&dkufESifhrvdkuf[k awG;rdNyD; uRefawmfh
emrnf ]aqG}wckvJygatmif ]at;aqG}[kajymif;vkduf\/ tvm;wl ]tkyfaygif;}qdkonfh
emrnfudkvnf; oabmrusojzifh? OmPfxufonfh vltrnf pOf;pm;&m? trwfBuD;
OD;ay:OD;owd&NyD; ]ay:tl;}[k tçESpfacsmif;iifESifh a&S;ynm&SdBuD;udk cGJjcm; rSnfhac:ypfvdkuf
onf/
(aemif q&mBuD;\ woufwmrSwfwrf;wGif zwf&awmh ]tkyfaygif;}u jrefrm
emrnfr[kwf? tifrwef bdef;ajymif;xdk;aumif;onfh w&kyfq&mBuD; bl&Sdef;cJUpOfu
olUvufpGJwynfhvkyfcJUwmudk;/)
,if;odkUjzifh at;aqG? ay:tl; yg0ifonfh ]onfarmifvufoH}0w¦K&Ir0wGifygvmNyD;
waeUpaumhaps;wGif xdkpOfvlcsif; ruRrf;ao;onfh a':cifrsKd;cspfESifh awGUaomtcgwGif
(olUudkawmh uRefawmfuodNyD;om;yg? oluawmh OD;ausmfajymjyí uRefawmfhudk aomfwm
aqGrSef; odvQifodcsif;...)
]]a[haumif rif; *sdAfpf um&dkufwm ,lwmvGJaew,fuGm}}[kajymygonf/
uRefawmfhrSm yxrü tlaMumifaMumif jzpfaeNyD;rS..
]]bmvJtrBuD;&JU *sdAfpfqdkwm}}
]]0k'fa[mufpf&JU Jeeves *sdAfpfavuGm}}
]]Mum;bl;aygifAsm...trBuD;&JU? 0k'fa[mufpfeJU *sdAfpfqdkwmbmawGvJ}}
(wu,fbJ uRefawmfrSm olajymwmawG ouf&Sdvm;oufrJUvm;yif rodyg/)
]][JU...rif;a&;wJU onfarmifhvufoH0w¦K[m t*Fvdyf[mopma&;q&mBuD; yD-*sD-
0k'fa[mufpf *sdAfpfudk rSDa&;wmr[kwfvm;}}
]]BuHBuHzefzefAsm? uRefawmfu t*Fvdyf0w¦K zwfEdkifavmufatmifvJ t*Fvdyfpm
aumif;aumif; wwfwJUaumif r[kwfygbl;}}
pifppf trSefudkajym&vQif uRefawmfonf xdktcsdefü ]rSDa&;onf}qdkonfudk
em;rvnfao;acs/ pma&;q&mrSeforQ udk,fhudk,fydkifOmPfeJUcsnf; a&;wmbJ,lq\/
q&mBuD;\ pkHaxmufarmifpH&Sm; 0w¦Krsm;udkvnf; q&mBuD; udk,fydkifOmPfeJUa&;wmbJ[k
atmufarhcJUoljzpfyg\/
trBuD;onf uRefawmfhtm; pl;prf;aom rsufvkH;ESifhMunfhí...
]]rif;wu,fajymaewmvm;}}
]]t[kwfyg trBuD;&m...uRefawmfu Armvdk 10wef;eJU q&mjzpfatmifNyD;rS at-bD-pD-
'Du poifwm/ ESpfESpfavmufeJUppfBuD;jzpfvdkU udpöjywfoGm;wm}}
]]atmifr,fav;[JU..igrif;0w¦KawG zwfMunfhawmhrif;udk bDatavmufatmuf arhcJUwm}}
]]r[kwf&ygAsm? bk&m;pl;&ygap&JU}}qdkNyD; uRefawmfu onfarmifhvufoH0w¦K q&mBuD;
a&TOa'gif;qdu tpte&cJUykH ajymjyawmhrS oloabmayguf oGm;vsuf? uRefawmfhudk
t*Fvdyfpm oifay;&ef pdwful;ay:oGm;[ef&Sdonf/
]]uJ..'gjzifh ightdrfvdkufcJU...}}[k ac:NyD; olUcifyGef; OD;cifarmifvwfESifh yD*sD0k'fa[mufpf\
0w¦Krsm;udk vifwvJ r,m;wvJ wyk'fNyD;wyk'f pmwufay;Muygawmh onf/ yD-*sD-
0k'fa[mufpf pmtkyfrsm;uvnf; olwdkUtdrfwGif wykHwyifBuD;&Sdonf/
odkUjzifh uRefawmf yD-*sD0k'fa[mufpf t&nfvnfoGm;aomtcg uRefawmf\ ]]onf
armifhvufoH}}0w¦KrSm Good morning jeeves qdkonf 0w¦K&SnfBuD;\ yxrokH;cef;udk
q&mBuD;u tpysKd;xm; aMumif;od&ygonf/ q&mBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifygonf/
xdkUaemuf ay:tl;? at;aqG 0w¦KawG uRefawmftrsm;tjym;a&;EdkifcJUwmeJU uRefawmf
t*FvdyfpmawG tawmftwefzwfEdkifvmwm[m a':cifrsKd;cspfESifh OD;cifarmif vwfwkdU\
aus;Zl;[kí rSwfwrf;wifvdkufygonf/
wckwifjycsifygao;onf/ EdkifiHjcm;[mo0w¦KrSD;a&;&onfrSm tptqkH; olU[m csnf;
tukefvkH;&onfutvGef enf;ygonf/ olUqDu w0ufcefU? okH;ykHwykHcefU? av;ykH
wykHcefU? tcsKdUqdkvQif Insperation ac:rnf/ olU0w¦K oabmt&dyftaiGUrQ cH,l&&Sdyg
onf/ þ&orQudk udk,fu udk,fhjrefrmESifh oifhavsmfatmif BuHzefpyf[yfjznfhpGuf&yg
onf/ ajymif;oifhonfudk ajymif;ypf&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh trBuD;ESifh udkvwfwdkUu ajym
Muygonf/
]]'Daumif Armvdka&;vdkufawmh wrsKd;aumif;oGm;ouG}}[k/
uRefawmfESifh 0k'fa[mufpfu tawmfudkeD;pyfygonf/ olU0w¦KzwfNyD; vkH;0rSD;r& onfu
tvGefenf;ygonf/ wcgw&HrSm uRefawmfpmwufaea&m? tJonfwkef;trBuD;ESifh
udkvwfrSm udpöwck&Sdí¤if;? {nfhonfvmí¤if;? 0w¦Kw0ufwjyufESifh...]]uJ 'dkUeufzefrS
qufMur,fuGm...}}qdkvdkU uRefawmftdrfjyefcJU&onf/ 0w¦KtaMumif; uRefawmfjyefpOf;pm;?
jrefrmvdkjzpfatmif pdwful;? a[m...reufusawmh uRefawmfhacgif;xJ Zmwfvrf;jznfhpGufNyD;
í 0w¦KtjynfhtpkHjzpfaeNyD/ aemufwaeU pmqufwufMuawmh uRefawmfnutjznfhpdwf
ul;onfh udk,fhjrefrmpmy&dowftzdkU olUrl&if;xufaumif;aeonfrsm;vnf;&Sdyg\/
xdkUjyif uRefawmf\at;aqG ay:tl; 0w¦Kwdkif;onf 0k'fa[mufpf\ Jeeves 0w¦Krsm;rS
r[kwfay/ olUrl&if;ZmwfaumifawGudk Bertram Wooster twdkaumufawGbJ
a&;ygr,fav/ Bertie at;aqG? Jeeves ay:tl;? Aunt Agatha a':BuD;pdk;?
olwkdUuyifwdkifZmwfaumifawGbJ/ usefwJUZmwf&HawGu Bingo wifarmifudk Biffy
atmifa&TBuD;? Sippy atmifjroGif? (tvGrf; pma&;q&mprf;pdrfhoGif) Bertie \nD0rf;uGJ
Eustace udk cifatmif0if;? Sir Roderick udk t&l;ukq&m0efa'gufwmodef;ZH ponfjzifh
uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmZmwf aumifawGjzpfatmif zefwD;xm;ay&m? 0k'fa[mufpf
0w¦KawGzwfNyD; olwkdUtaMumif; a&;zefrsm;vmawmh olwkdU&JUp&dkufudk uRefawmfEdkifaeum
olwkdUonf uRefawmf\udk,fydkif Zmwfaumifrsm; jzpfvmvsuf uRefawmfvdk&mudk
cdkif;Edkifayawmhonf/
tcef; 10-u azmfjycJUaom ]jyefvnfawGUqkHonfwdkifatmif}0w¦Kum; tb,f vQif
t*Fvdyfvdk 0w¦KjzpfEdkiftHUenf;/ Zmwfobifonfudk olwdkUEdkifiHrsm;rSm tEkynmonf [k
txGwftxdyfu xm;Muonf/ uRefawmfwdkU jynfrSmom a&S;acwf vlBuD;rsm;u
zufcGufpm;[k ESdrfhcsMuonfr[kwfvm;/
þ0w¦Kudk uRefawmfa&SUvqufxGufrnf/ ]a':BuD;pdk;u rnfodkUzsufrnfenf;}[k
aMumjimcJU&m uRefawmfh&nf&G,fcsufrSm a':BuD;pdk; udk,fwdkif awmifBuD;vdkufvm OD;bqif?
jrodef;wif? cifatmif0if;wkdU uçrnfhZmwfudkoGm;Munfh? tvGefoabmusç ESpfNcdKufNyD;
armifbqifeJU rvSjrifha&m cifatmif0if;eJU jrodef;wifeJUa&m a':BuD;pdk;u obmwloGm;
&kHru ZmwfwzGJUvkH;udk rEÅav;&kHoGif;bdkU ac:oGm;/
'Dawmh uRefawmf (at;aqG)rSmu awmifBuD;ol apmapmrleJU bmuvdkwdkwdk jzpfaewkef;
a':BuD;pdk;u ]]eif&Srf;jynfol &Srf;rawGudk pdwfrul;eJU pkef;rjzpfaevdkU 'dkUtrsKd;
xJpkef;a&mufaeOD;r,f}}qdkNyD; twif;rjyefcsif rae&ac:? uRefawmfarmifat;aqGav;
tvGrf;ayghcifAsm/
(tJ'D0w¦K tqufzwfcsifw,fqdkwJU armifaZmfvif;a&...twdkcsKyfu tJ'gygbJuGm? ckawmh
tJ'grsKd;ra&;csifawmhbl;? ighrSmvJ &nf;pm;awG r&Sdawmhbl;uG? ightoufuvJ 50-
ausmfNyDuG/ tJonf &nf;pm;a[mif;udk tckpmxJrSm wa,mufNyD; wa,mufa&S;jzpf
a[mif; twdkif; jyefawGUaewmbJuG? t&omawmh&Sdom;? tdyfrufovdkbJ)
uRefawmf þ]jyefvnfawGUqkHonfwdkifatmif} 0w¦Ka&;pOfu awmifBuD;NrdKUudk
ra&mufzl;ao;acs/ arESifhpmcsif; &nf;pm;jzpf&kHom &Sdao;\/ &Srf;jynfawmifBuD; &moDOwk
taMumif;udkolUqDrSod&onf/ aqmif;&moD0,f we,fwvmaom {nfhonf onf
aeUcif;yif tvGefat;í tdyf&mxJrSm auG;csifwdkif; auG;raeESifh? aoG;av;NyD;
zsm;wwfonf/ a&aEG;eJUa&csKd;yg? vrf;avQmufqdkonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfhZmwfvdkuf
at;aqG vrf;avQmuf&if; z&pf*spf',fol apmrlrlESifhawGUonf[k xdkpOfu arudkuRefawmf
nKcJUonf/ a[m...ckawmh oenfreufaps;u olrSmwmtukefrygcJUaumif;vm;[k þpm
udk a&;aeaom uRefawmfhtm;qlylNyD; t&yfxJu qdkifrSm0,f&ef tdrfuaZmifhaZmifhESifh
xGufoGm;onf/ aumif;ygbl;Asm...b0rsm;/ ,cifpdwful;,Ofwkef;uawmh ola&;cJUwJU
&nf;pm;pm tcef; 2-wkef;u pmjrnf;azmfjycJUwm rdwfaqGzwfNyD;NyDaemf/ uJ...rSef;csufeJU
ESrf;xGuf b,favmufuGmygovJ cifAsm/
onfawmh uRefawmfu vuf&Sdb0udk arhNyD;? twdwfawGudkbJ jyefawG;awG; a&;
aeawmhr,f/ uRefawmfhpmyGJrSm uRefawmfxdkifNyD; pma&;ae&wmbJ pdwfcsrf;omygw,f/
'g[m pma&;q&m jzpf&wJU t&ombJ/ udk,fawGUcsifwJU &nf;pm;a[mif; jyefawGUvdkuf
r,f/
uJ.vmava&mv[,f/ [dkaumifrav; ]jyefvnfqkHawGUonfhwdkifatmif} 0w¦K yPmru
OD;ausmfeJU yGJxkwfvdkufwJU T wDqdkwJU ra&Tpmav;/ T qdkawmh Thet olUemrnfu ]ouf}wJU/
uRefawmfhwGif pma&;q&mb0 EkpOfu arESifh&onftxd? b*Fvm;nDrrsm;? pm&nf;pm;rsm;
&Sdonfhteuf? tcsKdUonf azmfjycJUaom ]vGif}uJUodkU wu,fhtoJpGJcspfol rsm;&SdouJUodkU
tcsKdUrlum; pmtm;jzifh taysmf&nf;pm; cPwjzKwf xm;oGm;Muonfh rdef;uav;rsm;vnf;
BuKH&ao;\/ olwkdUum; ]&nf;pm;waxmif vifaumifwa,muf}qdk aom
jrmrsKd;jzpfukef\/
,ck azmfjyawmhrnfh ]ouf}qdkonfh rdef;uav;um; uRefawmfhudk wu,fcspf&Smyg onf/
odkUaomf...olESifhuRefawmfonf wBudrfrQ vSyfueJ jrifbl;vdkuf&&kHrQwyg;/ wjcm;
bmrSrwmvdkufawmhojzifh olonf uRefawmfESifh wJGvdkuf&aom rif;orD;r[kwf?
wyifwdkif tNidrfhonfrav; tjzpfESihfbJ? ESpfyg;oGm;NyD; ZmwfBuD;u&rnfh rif;orD;BuD;rsm;
jzpfaom ]cdkif}ESifh ]ar}wdkU t&ifa&SUydkif;u yGJxkwfvdkufyg\/
oufwdkUtrsKd;onf aZ&fbm&Drsm; jzpf\/
ESpfudk,frMuif&ygwJU rdkpvifrav;
Munfhygvm;Asm/ oluav;taMumif; a&;r,fqdkbJ Munfhprf;? uRefawmfwrifpDpOf
xm;wm r[kwfbJeJU t*Fvdyfvdk uHraumif;bl; ac:wJUtcef; (13)rSm vmusonf/
NyD;...pma&;&rSmuvnf; a'goESifh/
(u)
uRefawmfonf þtaMumif;udk jyefajymif; awG;rdwdkif; udk0if;pdefESifh udk0if;jrifhudk
"m;eJUckwfí EkwfEkwfpif;ypfcsifawmhonf/
MunfhygrdwfaqG? rGef;rwdrf;rDom oGm;,lí &rnfjzpfaom a&TpifavSwpD;wdkufudk
rGrf;vGJydkif;rS od&Sd&onfhES,f atmufygpmudk 0rf;enf;pGm zwf&I&ayawmhonf/
oufudk awGUcsifjrifcsifvSygw,fqdkwJUarmif/
yl;wGJyg r*Fvmzdwfpmtwdkif; qef;uzD;udk vmcJUygarmif? owdkUorD;u awmh
ouf&JUrrbJ/ oufu rreJU qifwlrEÅav; BudK;BuD;csdwfxrD a&Tzvm;a&mif 0wfNyD;
tysKd&Hvkyf&r,f/ acgif;rSmvJ eDaomyef;uav;wyGifhudk yefxm;r,f/
uJ..armifhudk oufu od&atmifawmh 'Dvdkvkyfav? armifu oufjrif& r,fh ae&mrsKd;rSm
xdkifNyD;awmh armifhazmifwdefav;udk xkwfNyD; armifhyg;udkaxmuf xm;?
raumif;bl;vm;[if? 'gayr,fhrodromav;bJ NyKH;jyaemf? tem;rSm ygyg &SdaerSm/
vmcJUaemfqufquf? oufarQmfaer,f/ 'g[m oufeJUarmif awGU&jrif&bdkU yxrOD;qkH;
tcGifhta&;aumif;BuD;bJ? oufawmh armifhwa,mufudkombJ arQmf aeawmhrSmbJ/
armif&JU...ouf
þpmudk uRefawmftcsdefrDSom zwf&ygu rnfrQ0rf;omcsdrhfrnfenf;/ ,ckawmh
aESmif;avNyD/ r*FvmaqmifzdwfpmrSm eHeuf 8em&DrS 11em&Dtxd qdkxm;av&m
uRefawmfzwf&csdefrSm em&Djyefwcsuf/ r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJwGif oluav;rsufpdonf uRefawmfh
udk a'gif;awmufatmif &Smayrnf/ þtxJwGif trIrJUtrSwfrJU azmifwdefxkwf
yg;axmufwJUaumifeJU awGUoGm;&if'ku©[JU/ uRefawmf þtxdyif awG;ylrdonf/ odkUaomf
uRefawmfh"mwfykHrsm; olUqDa&mufaeNyD/
pifppf þpmonf ,refaeUuyif a&mufaeyg\/ odkU&mwGif uRefawmfrSm þaeUrS pí
w&ufcGJvkH;vkH; uvGifhuarmuf jzpfaecJU&onf/ taMumif;rSm azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif;
"m;eJUckwf EkwfEkwfpif;ypfcsifaom udk0if;pdefESifh udk0if;jrifhwdkUaMumifhwnf;/
udk0if;pdefum;...wifhw,f/ 0if;jrifhum;...wcguowif;axmuf 0if;jrifh[k emrnf&Sd cJUol/
,if;tcsdefü wifhw,f t*FvefrSjyefa&mufcgp? owif;pmBuD;wapmif &Ir0 OD;ausmfESifh
xkwfawmhrnf [lí? 0if;jrifhudk owif;axmufcsKyfBuD; cefUawmhrnf[lí? oef;aqGESifh
aomfwmaqGu t,f'Dwmrsm; jzpfMuawmhrnf[lí? þ[líBuD;rsm;ESifh
waumifESifhwaumif tifrwef tcspfevef xaeMuaom umv? 0if;jrifhu um;wpD; ESifh
wifhw,ftdrfvmvdkuf? wifhw,fu 0if;jrifhtdrf vdkufoGm;vdkuf? 'Dawmh owif;pm
t,f'Dwm jzpfawmhr,fh aomfwmaqGuvJ 'DESpfaumifMum;u uefUvefU uefUvefU/
azmfjyyg uRefawmfh &nf;pm;pm a&mufonfhaeUrSm uRefawmfonf wifhw,ftdrfrS wqifh
0if;jrifhtdrf a&mufaeonf/ xdkaeUnae jyefbdkUjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkUwOD;tdrf
wOD;a&mufírS wnwmrQ tdyfroGm;ygu 'if;wkdUudkrkd;BudK;ypfcH&awmhravmuf jzpfae&
um;? uRefawmfyg usdef;pufvdkuf&ygawmh\/ aemufwaeU a&mufawmhvnf; reufpm
xrif;weyfrS pm;roGm;bl;qdkygu olwkdUrSm wa,muf wa,muftifrwef pdrf;um;&uf
puf&m usawmhrnfh taygufrsKd; jzpfaejyefawmh uRefawmf\ pma&muf&mXme emeDtdrf udk
uRefawmfrGef;vGJrS jyefqdkuf&ygawmhownf;/ xdkUaMumifh 'DESpfaumifudk "m;ESifhckwf
EkwfEkwfpif;ypfcsifonf[k arwåmjyKjcif;jzpfyg\/
uRefawmfonf tvmaumif;aomfvnf; tcgaESmif;NyDjzpfaom olUpmuav;udk txyfxyf
tcgcgzwfumom &ifoyf&Iarm&awmhonf/ pmyGJtHqGJxJü xnfhxm;aom
olU"mwfykHav;udkxkwfum woçojzifh jzpfaMumif;awGudk...
(c)
oluav; yxrOD;qkH; rdwfqufpmvmpOfu uRefawmfh0w¦KawGzwfí tvGef
oabmusaMumif;? uRefawmfhpmawG zwf&ygrsm;awmh vlrjrif bl;bJvsuf pdwful;xJrSm
tifrwef&if;ESD;aeí uRefawmfhudk tudkBuD;wa,mufvdk cspfcifrdygaMumif;? xdkUtwl
olUudkvJ nDrav;vdk cspfapvdkygaMumif; pmjyefyg&ef/
ol\'kwd,pmrSm olUudknDrav;vdk cspfrnfqdkí tvGef0rf;omaMumif;? odkUaomf
olonftifrwef tusnf;wef t&kyfqdk;oluav;jzpfí uRefawmfu olUudkjrifvQif
b,fenf;eJUrQ cspfEdkifvdrfhrnf rxifaMumif;? uRefawmfhudkrlum; pmta&;tom;udk BudKuf
ESpfoufpGJ&Sdí b,fvdk&kyfrsKd;bJjzpfjzpf olu &moufyef cspfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; zGJUumEGJU
um a&;om;vmjyefonf/
'Dawmh uRefawmfuvnf; nDrav;vdk cspf&rnfh[mudk tudkBuD; wa,muf[m b,frSm
&kyf&nf cGJjcm;aeygrnfenf;/ tu,fwd udk,fhnDrav;u odyfNyD;t&kyfqdk;av?
tudkBuD;taeu a,mufzrJUpGm &moufyefydkcspf&av jzpfrnfr[kwfygvm;/
uRefawmfhpm (&Snf&Snf a&;jyraevdkawmhyg/) b,ft"dyÜm,f a&mufoGm;atmif
zGJUEGJUa&;rnfudk uRefawmfhaomufusifh odaeNyDjzpfaom rdwfaqGcefUrSef;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/
tJonfwkef;u uRefawmfu tJonfpmrsKd;awG a&;&rnfqdk rarmEdkif? ryrf;Edkif/
'Dawmh olUqDu wwd,pmvmykHu...
'gjzifh aumif;NyDtudkBuD;? nDrav;"mwfykHudk aemufpmwapmifrSm ydkUvdkufr,f}} tudkBuD;u
oabmwlw,fqdk&if tudkBuD;"mwfykHudk tckjyefwJUpmrSmxnfhvdkufyg/ nDrav;uawmh
ajympum;twdkif; tudkBuD;udkav rajymaumif;? rqdkaumif; ElEl0J0J cspfrSmbJ/
[if;..tudkBuD;uom ]]'Daumifrav; t&kyfqdk;vSw,fqdkNyD; "mwfykHudkqGJqkwf?
zaemifheJUaygufypf? aemufxyfnDrav;xH pmrjyefbJaerSm jrifa,mifygao;w,fawmf}}
wJU/
,if;tcsdefü uRefawmfhrSm 'grsKd;av;awG ay;bdkUbJ cefUcefUBuD; (cifrBuD;) qDrSm
udk,fhudk,fudk tvSqkH;&dkufxm;wJU "mwfykHawG'gZifeJU&Sdaeonf/ tyfvm;vm;? wu,f
awmh 'Daumifrav;u uRefawmfhudk "mwfykHcsif;? ]csJUvif;}vkyfwmudk;cifAsmh/ ol[m
tifrwef t&kyfqdk; tusnf;wefygw,fqdkNyD; a&mufvmwJU"mwfykHawGu ESpfykHawmif rSbJ
awmfawmfvJ acsmyg vSygw,fAsm/ ukvm; ujym;rav;qdkawmh "mwfykHvJ tvGefpm;/
qm&D0wfeJU udk,fwydkif;ykHwykH? jrefrmvdk wudk,fvkH;wykH? (tJonf wkef;ua&ausmfydkif;u
"mwfykHqdkif wqdkifrSm "mwfykHaMumfjim &Id;auhpfxJrSm olUykH 12-vufrykHBuD; awGU&onf/)
oluRefawmfhqD ydkUvdkufwJUykHawG om"kjyMunfhawmh iwdvufzsm;cgvdkU...
]][m...vSvdkufwmuGm? ukvm;&kyf&Sif rif;orD; usaewmbJ}}wJU/
uJ..'Davmuf acsmwJUvSwJUrdef;uav; rkwfqdyfvmysm;pGJawmh 'DtcsdefrSm tcspf&l; xaewJU
uRefawmf[mb,frSm vufaES;vdrfhrvJAsm/ aemufwv twGif;rSmbJ tudkBuD;
a&..nDrav;a&..uaeNyD; ]armifa& ]oufa&} ]cspfau}jzpfoGm;MuwmayghAsm/
olyxruRefawmfeJU pmcsif;rdwfqufpOfu ykZGefawmiftvGwfynmoifausmif; wckrSm 8-
wef;/ aemufawmh w,frMumvSbl;/ olu vlvSoavmuf 0oavmuf
(wdkufzGdKufa&m*gjzpfzl;w,fqdkvm;)usef;rma&;raumif;vdkU ausmif;xGufNyD; tdrfrSmtem;
ae&awmh uRefawmfhqDupm olUqDa&mufzdkUawmif rvG,fawmhbl;/ tqifoifhrS wjcm;
vdyfpmeJU BudKMum;BudKMum; a&;&w,f/ oluom uRefawmfhqDudk rSefrSefpma&;w,f/
tJonftajc&Sdwkef;rSmbJ azmfjycJUwJUtwdkif; olESifhuRefawmf vlcsif;awGU&jrif&bdkU olUtr
r*FvmaqmifrSm zefwD;cJUMuw,f/ odkUaomfvJ BuHwdkif;ratmif aqmifwdkif; rajrmufzJ?
uRefawmfhvufxJ pmta&mufaemufuswmeJU? olUqDu aemufxyf pmwapmif
a&mufvmw,f/
uJ...,if;tcsdefcuf&ykHum;? uRefawmfu olUqD pma&;írjzpf/ olUudkpum;ajymcsif vQif
uRefawmfh0w¦Krsm;r*¾Zif;rSm ygaom0w¦KwGif uRefawmfolUudkajzí acsmhvdkuf&yg
awmhonf/ pmzwfy&dowfum; uRefawmfodkodyfpGm tuGufqifvdkufwmudk 0w¦KZmwf
aMumif;xJ 0ifaeí odvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ olESifhuRefawmfom aumif;pGmem;vnfMu\/
xdkaMumifh olUxHrS uRefawmfhudk þodkUjzpf&onfhtwGuf tjypfrjrif tcspfyifwdk;í
jrifcJUaMumif;? ,cktBudrfrawGU&aomfvnf; aemufwBudrfawGU&atmif BudK;pm;MupdkU-[l
aom pmwapmif a&mufvm\/
olUzcifrSm aZ&fbm&Djzpfí þrSmbufwGif (jrefrmawGESifh jzpfroGm;atmif) tvGef
usOf;Muyfonf/ EdkUNyD; orD;axG;av;jzpfvdkUvJ wa,mufwnf;bmrS rvGwfwJU/
,if;odkU&Sdonfhtcdkuf uRefawmfwdkUtajc ydkqdk;csifawmh olUzcifrSm tvkyfESifh rEÅav;odkU
ajymif;oGm;&av\/
armifa&
oufeJUarmifawmh Mumava0;avjzpf&NyDaum/ orD;udk &efukefu ta':h tdrfrSm
xm;cJUygvdkU ygygudk ajymwmr&bl;armif/ wcgu armifhpmudkygygawGUoGm; w,f odvm;/
'Dawmh ygyg bmvkyfw,fxifovJ/ olu pkHaxmufbufur[kwf v;/
olUwynfhwa,mufudk armifhtaMumif;pkHprf;cdkif;awmh? armifhrSm r,m;eJU om;orD;
3a,mufeJUwJU/ 'DtaMumif; ygygu oufpdwfysufatmifajymjyawmh oufu
jyefar;vdkufw,f/ ]]EdkUaeygtkH; ygyg&,f ygygrSmu tckr,m;u b,fESpf a,mufvJ
om;orD;awGu b,favmufvJ? orD;[m ygyg r,m;eHywf b,favmufu
arG;wmvJvdkU}} jyefar;vdkufawmh ygygrsufESmBuD; eDoGm;NyD; ]][JU'g u
'dkU&JUbmomt&bJ}}wJU/
tvum;ygarmif&m oufwdkUbmomrSmu r,m;4-a,muftxd ,lEdkifMu awmh?
r,m;BuD;r,m;i,fawGqdkwmu rqef;ygbl;/ r,m;i,fjzpf&wJUvlu ydkBudKufao;/
bmaMumifhqdk a,mufsm;awG[m r,m;BuD;xuf r,m;i,fudk ydkcspf Muw,fr[kwfvm;?
'Dawmh oufuaum armifhr,m;i,fjzpfzdkUtqifoifh? touf vJ jynfhaeNyD/ armifuom
BudK;pm;aya&mh../ wck ajymcsifao;w,f armif/ armifr,m;b,fESpfa,muf ,lcsifovJ/
,lcsifoavmuf ,lprf;ygarmif/ 'gay r,fh ouf[marmifh&JU aemufqkH;r,m;jzpf&r,f/
bmaMumifhvJqdk&if ygygu rmrmh udk ajymwJUpum; Mum;ae&vdkUyg/ b,fvdkvJqdk
(armifhr,m; taxG;qkH;av;rkdU tcspfqkH;av;yg)wJU armif&JU.../
uJ..tck rEÅav;a&mufawmh armif oufqDudk pma&;EdkifbdkU tuGufudk &SmOD;r,faemf.../
armifvufa&;topf oufrzwf&wm MumNyD/ ta[mif;awGbJ jyefjyefzwfae&w,f/
'DtwGif;rSmawmh armifoufudkcspfaMumif; armifh0w¦KawGxJ uaeNyD; acsmhyg - jrLygarmif/
cspfwJUouf
uJ- olUpm[m uRefawmfhtzdkU b,favmuftm;&p&m aumif;ovJ/ cifAsm;wkdU
'grsKd;BuKHbl;vm;/ uav;pdwfeJU rdkuf&l;&Jav;xif&JU/ vlysKdrS? r,m;&Sdae w,f qdk&if
][if}ueJ vkyfcsifwJU bd&frmçrawG bmajymcsifovJ..[J[J}}
þpmpOfumvrSm uRefawmfonf uvdefuvuf pmawG jrL;jrL;<u<u a&;&ef?
OmPfxufwkef; vuftoGufqkH;jzpfav&m? xdktcsdefu 0w¦Krsm;onf &dk;&dk; pmzwfy&dowf
tzdkU [morQjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfhcspfolrsm;twGufrl olwkdU xDaygufoavmuf
0rf;ajrmufMuaom &nf;pm;pmrsm; jzpfMuukef\/
oluav;wa,mufxJ twGuf uRefawmfpy,f&S,fa&;cJUonfrSm ]udef&moD} (1953-ck
Edk0ifbm &Ir0? trSwf 78)ESifh cdkifESifh wGJí]&nf;pm;w0rf;uGJ} (1954ck? ZEé0g&Dv &Ir0?
80)wdkUjzpf\/
]udef&moD}rSm (rdwfaqG zwfzl;u owd&ygvdrfhrnf/) uRefawmfu atmifeuf OD;ausmfu
wkyfyG? wifhw,fu arsmufndK [lí uRefawmfhtdyfrufxJrSm acG;rsm;jzpfoGm; Muum?
eDrav; rnfaom acG;rav;ESifh awmfovif;yJG usif;y&mü atmifeufu pGHoGm; onfav/
þ0w¦KrSm uRefawmf&nf;pm;pmwyk'f a&;vdkufaMumif; t,f'DwmBuD;rsm; owd
xm;rdMurnf r[kwfay/ eDrav;onf rnfoljzpfaMumif;udkum;? a&Tref;a&muf uRefawmfh
&nf;pm; ]ouf}u odayonf/
]&nf;pm;w0rf;uGJ}um; aemufqkH;wGif udk,fhZmwfyif udk,frEdkifaom Zmwf&Iyfjzpf onf/
cdkif\&nf;pm; uRefawmf (at;vGif)tm;? cdkifu olUMunfndKaom pma&;q&m
oD&dxG#fcsmxH tqkH;trcH,l&ef vTwfvdkuf&m oD&dxG#fcsmu rEÅav;uae xdyfoD;t&m&Sd
BuD; wOD;\ orD;]eDvm}\cspfol jzpfaeonf/ aumifrav; tazu pma&;q&m zGwfusm;
rdkU oabmrwl jzpfae&mü uRefawmf (at;vGif)u tlwlwl pma&;q&m oD&dxG#fcsmtm;
ulnD&mrS eDvmESifh uRefawmf bm*vdkwdkwdkjzpfoGm;í ]&nf;pm; w0rf;uGJ}awmfoGm;\/
'gaMumifh xdkpOfu olUqDuvmaom pmrsm;xJwGif...
armifa&...oufawmh pma&;q&m&nf;pm;vkyf&wm armifh0w¦KawGxJrSm acG;jzpf vdkuf?
olaX;jzpfvdkuf ygvm;armif&m/ 'DvdkeJUbJ tqkH;owf&awmhrSmvm; armif&JU/ BuHprf;
ygtkH;/
xdkUaMumifh 1954 ckESpf? {NyDv &Ir0 trSwf 83-wGif? ]cspfp cspfpdwf}[laom 0w¦K udk
a&;um? uRefawmfb,faeUrSm rEÅav;a&mufrnf? b,fvrf;? eHywf b,favmuf&Sd
q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;tdrfrSm wnf;rnf[k 0w¦KZmwfvrf;ESifh olUudkajymvdkufav\/ þ0w¦K
tqkH;owfrSm armifvmrnf oÐEGJU&JU qD;BudKvSJUav;/
,if;tcdkuftwefUü tqifoifhonfrSm q&mBuD;tdrfa&SUu aq;wdkufwGif olonf
&ufjcm;wcg aq;vmxdk;ae&aMumif;pm&NyD; jzpfonf/ tenf;qkH;awmh eD;eD;uyfuyf
jrif&ayrnf/
armifa&...oufawmh q&mBuD;tdrfa&SUa&muf&if armifaeoGm;bl;wJU a*[m&,fvdkU
&ifzdkzdkoGm;NyD;? tdrfxJvSrf;vSrf;Munfhvdkufrdw,f/ wcgw&H q&mBuD; odkUr[kwf
armifha':BuD;pdk;bJ jrif&w,f/ armifhudkrsm; awGU&if oufb,f vdkjzpfoGm;rvJrodbl;/
armifwcgwacgufavmuf vma&mufNyD; udk,fxifjyprf;yg vm;...armif&,f/
[kwf\/ rSef\/ uRefawmfonf wcgwnf;olUtm; vSyfueJ udk,fxifjyouJUodkU
jzpfoGm;\/
taMumif;rSm q&mBuD;tdrf uRefawmfa&mufNyD; aemufwaeUnae tdrfa&SUrS a':BuD;pdk;u
]]a[...rif;[m 'gvm;? vmMunfhprf;}}qdkonfESifh a&mufpq&mBuD;ESifh pum;
aumif;aeaom uRefawmfhrSm xdkif&mu uysmu&m xvmawmh olu um;ay:vSrf;
twuf? uRefawmfu wdkufa&SUtkwfckHay:rSm rwfwyft&yf? vSyfueJom rsufpdcsif;qkH
vdkuf&awmhonf/ olUygygarmif;onfhum;u xGufoGm;ayNyD/
olonf uRefawmfhudkjrifjrifcsif; odonf? xdkUaMumifh vifh&dkAmum;ay:rS vuf uav;om
xkwfjyí uRefawmfhudk a0SU&rf;jyoGm;onf/ uRefawmfvGefpGm tm;wufoa&m jzpfoGm;\/
odkUaomfolESifh uRefawmfawGU&jrif&jcif;onf þwBudrfomyxrOD;qkH;ESifh
aemufqkH;jzpfaMumif; rpOf;pm;rdcJUao;/ olonf w&ufjcm;wcg aq;vmxdk;onf
qdkawmh? uRefawmfonf þaq;wdkufu vlrsm;ESifh oGm;a&mufrdwfzGJUum xdkaeUwGif olUudk
arQmfavonf/ odkUaomf ay:rvmawmh/ q&m0efudkom olwdkUtdrfodkUzkH;qufac:aMumif;
od&awmh\/ bZmaMumifhenf;/
txl;pOf;pm;p&m rvdkyg/ olUtazrSm pkHaxmufXmeu t&m&SdBuD;qdkawmh uRefawmfhvdk
emrnf&Sdaomaumif? olUNrdKUa&mufaeaMumif;? wm0efusol wynfhrsm;u
owif;ydkUvdkufaomaMumifh jzpfay\/ EdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rIwGif emrnf&pma&;q&mrsm;udk
vnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Mu\/
w,fNyD; rvG,faomudpöygwum;/
&mZ0wfrIcif;ü vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;udpöwGifvnf;aumif;? uRefawmfonf bmrQ
t&ma&mufaomaumifr[kwf/ odkUaomfolUtaztzdkUwGifrl uRefawmfonf tifrwef
aMumufr,fbG,faumif;aom vlqdk;BuD;jzpfayonf/ onftxJ uRefawmfu Armhvrf;pOf
owif;pmwGif vufujrif;vdkufao;\/ t,f'Dwmrsm;uvnf; uRefawmfholi,fcsif;
rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfí uRefawmfa&;orQxnfhay;\/
arQmfvifhol
jrif&kHom rMuif&avawmh
&iftkHrSm wrifqGovdky
,Ofpp olUrsufESmi,f/
atmf...waeUxl;rSmjzifh
awGUbl;w,f ysKdtvSudkv
arhbl;uG,f xdkcPudkjzifh
udk,f wooaeawmhw,f/
b0uHygvmorQ&,fu
cPzef rMumvSaybl;
pmoç&kHjzifh cspfa&;<u,f
tjzpfaqG;bG,fy armifhoufxm;/
c&D;rvSykHu
eD;&atmif rzefombl;
rEÅvmpH&maus;qDu
r[efyg jyefum ajy;&vdkU
a0;&vdrfhvm;/
aomfwmaqG
'DuAsm owif;pmxJ ygoGm;awmh olUygygu uRefawmfhudk awmfawmf oem;oGm;
[efwlyg&JU/ jrpfBuD;em; olUtvkyfwm0efeJUoGm;wm olUorD;ygac:oGm; wJU taMumif;?
olwdkUXmerSm tvkyfvkyfaewJU tJonfwkef;u &mZ0wftkyf ESif;OD; uajymvdkUod&oAs/
(C)
]aeao;oy csKHxJu? csKdaoG;vdkU wjrjr}qdkovdk? uJ...b,favmufawmifrsm;
a&SmifuGif;EdkifrSmvJuGm[k uRefawmfonf yljyif;aom rEÅav;rSmrae? q&mBuD;ESifh twl
arNrdKUodkUvdkufoGm;í vm;&Id;vrf;&Sd e*g;a':OD;\ wdkufrSmat;aq;pGm apmifhpm;aexdkif\/
oluav; jyefa&mufvQif owif;ydkU&efvnf; ESif;OD;udk rSmMum;cJU\/
ESpfywfrQtMumü olwkdUjyefa&mufaMumif; od&í uRefawmfrEÅav;odkU qif;cJU\/
oluav;xHrS uRefawmfhqD pma&;bdkU ajrSmfvifhcJU\/ uRefawmfrEÅav;wGif &Sdae
ao;aMumif; odom&efvnf; Armhvrf;pOf owif;pmwGif rMumcPaqmif;yg; uAsmrsm;
a&;cJU\/
odkUaomf olUxHrS pma0;vdkU ESHjynfpkwfrQ rvmcJU/
pifppfawmh þrdef;uav;onf olUygyg\ tapmifhta&SmufatmufwGif wyif wdkifeef;
jymóm'fü pHjref;aom rif;orD;av;ESifhwlí uRefawmfu nOfhoef;acgif,Humv?
&xm;ysHESifh oGm;um Mumjcnfaqmifudk 0ifEdkifrS jzpfayawmhrnf/
,ckawmh uRefawmfu &xm;ysH rwwfEdkifojzifh ajceif;,mOf q&mBuD;\
bdkifpu,fudkpD;um NrdKUjyifbuf&Sd olwdkUtdrfNcH0if;us,fBuD;a&SUrS tacgufacguf tcgtcg
vrf;ovm;cJUonf/ okdUwdkifrS olUa&TrsufESmawmfav;udk rzl;cJU&/
3-vrQMumvwfaomf ,ckuRefawmfESifh aygif;azmfaeaom ZeD;avmif;onf awmifBuD;NrdKUrS
&efukefq&mjzpfoifausmif;odkU a&mufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; pm&awmhonf/
uRefawmf\0w¦Krsm;xJwGif w]ar}xJ ]ar}cJUaom aomfwmaqG\ yxrOD;qkH; pm&nf;pm;
aywnf;/
]ezl;pm &Gmvnf}cJUaom uRefawmfonf [dk[mruav; 'gavmufawmif[m aecJU
wmhuGm[k pyspfoD; csOfumrEÅvmrS tjrefuvefaqmifhcJUawmhonf/ odkUwdkif uRefawmf
onf 0wå&m;ausyGefpGm atmufyg uAsmudk a&;íjyefrnfhaeU ygatmif Armhvrf;pOf
owif;pmrSm xnfhcJUygao;\/
cGef;qufyg\/
rEÅvmomwJU aus;qDu
tjyefrSm pmzGJU a&;cJUr,fuGJU
nmEGJUav;&,fwJU....odpzG,f/
tpwkef;uawmh
vSzkef;....vmygqdkvdkU
rSmwmudk ysKdar arhNyDvmh
apmifh&ufawG udk;q,fjynfhawmifrS
awGU&atmif olrzefbl;
wrl[ef pdwfaomf ajymif;w,fxifh
vSrsufcs,f...EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f...
acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f/
nmEGJUysKd aysmfwJU p&dkufu,feJU
csmwJUudk,f...]iaomf}rdkufudkv
vmcJUqdk ua&mfvdkufwmvmh
ar;vdkufcsif oufvS,f&,f...
b,fhES,fvJ ndKaoG;/
tckrsm;
olUtm; rrifomvkdU
Muif&Smol ayG&wufu,feJU
raeom jyefrnfh&ufrSmjzifh
aemifhoZif armifhMuifoufudk
cGef;qufcJUao;/
(tdkAs vdkcsif&vSyg&ufu,feJU
ESpfudk,frMuif&ygwJU? rdkqvifrav;
tysKdpifvSya*;
atmf....a0;...a0;....a0;oxufa0;/)
oluav;xHrS uRefawmf tjrwf&vdkufonfuawmh þav;csKd;i,f ESpfyk'fygbJ/ 'gudk
bmaMumifh tjrwfay:oenf;/ 'DuAsmawG uRefawmftvGwf&aeawmh owd&vdkU EIwfu
&GwfvdkufrdNyDqdk&if? þa&S;jzpfa[mif;awG &TifjrL;rdawmh 'DuAsm ESpfyk'f[m
uRefawmfhtwGuf tm;aq;ESpfcGufaygh pm&Iol&,f/
uJ aemufqkH;tcef;rSmjzifh arESifhuRefawmfrawGUrD rdcdkifeJUjzpfcJUwJU Zmwfvrf; a&;&r,f/
bmaMumifhqdk arrvmrD 3-ESpfavmuf uwnf;u cdkif[m &efukefa&mufae onf/
vmrSmqdkvdkU ighcjrmBudKvdkU
vm;&SKd;NrdKU
16.4.51
tudkaqG....tudkaqGa&
cdkifvmcJUawmhrnf? cdkifvmbdkUqkH;jzwfvdkufNyD? cdkifwa,mufxJawmhr[kwfbl;? cdkifeJU
wwef;xJausmif;ol cdkif&JUtcspfqkH; oli,fcsif;? olUrSmawmh &efukefrSmqdkvm;? ykZGefawmif
rSmqdkvm;? aqGrsKd;&Sdw,fwJU/ cdkifrmawmh bufrSmrSr&Sdbl;? tudkaqGwa,mufxJbJ&Sdw,f/
EdkUNyD; cdkifholi,fcsif;uvJ a&mufa&mufcsif; olUaqGrsKd;qD oGm;rSmr[kwfao;bl;? cdkifeJUtwl
tudkaqGUtdrfvdkufaer,f? aemufrS olUaqGrsKd;qD oGm;oifhoGm;r,f/ t"dyÜm,f uawmh
&Sif;&Sif;bJajymxm;ygr,f tudkaqG&,f/ cdkifwdkUESpfa,muf[m tudkaqGUqDrSmae csifw,f?
tJ'gcdkifwa,mufxJbJaevdkU&r,f? olUbdkUrjzpfbl;qdk&if olUaqGrsKd;qDoGm;rSmbJ/
cdkifwdkU&nf&G,fcsufu tudkaqGUqDrSm tNrJwrf;rSDcdkaebdkU r[kwfygbl;? &efukefrSm udk,fh0rf;
udk,fausmif;MubdkUygbJ/ onfawmh [JU eifwdkU ynmu b,favmufwwfMuvdkU vJ
ar;csif ar;vdrfhr,f? rSefwm &Sif;&Sif;eJUbGif;bGif;ajym&&if ESpfa,mufpvkH; 9wef;&IH; MuvdkU
tudkaqGa&U/ rdbawGu qlw,fylw,f? 'gaMumifh...'gaMumifh/
w&ifwcgpmrSm ZGJtkef;csdefausmif;u rtlyifvrf;xJrSmbJqdkawmh tudkaqGUtdrfeJU
b,favmufa0;ovJ ar;cJUw,f? tudkaqGu rsufESmcsif;qdkifbJajymawmh cdkifwdkU
odyf0rf;om oGm;Muwmaygh? bmaMumifhqdk cdkifwdkU &nf&G,fcsufu ZGJtkef;csdefausmif;rSm
vufa&;wdkvufESdyfpufoifr,f? 6-voif&if tvkyf&apr,fvdkU ZGJtkef;csdef aMumfjimudk
awGUxm;wmudk tudkaqG&JU/
'Dawmh 'D6-vavmufbJ xrif;auR;xm;ygtudkaqG&m? aemuf cdkifwdkUtvkyf& awmh
tudkaqGUaus;Zl;awG jyefqyfrSmayg/
aemufwck&Sdao;w,f tudkaqG/ cdkifoli,fcsif; jrifha0vIdifu odyfacsmw,f/ Miss Lasho
olu &kyf&Sifrif;orD; vkyf&&ifvJ vkyfr,fwJU/ olUabmf'Du 35? 23? 35 vufr/ [dkufu
5-ay 3-vufr/ 'DESpfr,fbJGU&wm/
olu tJ'Dusef;rma&;eJU udk,fum,vSyrIudk odyf0goemygwm/ 'gaMumifh 9-wef; &IH;wm
2-ESpf/ olUtoufu cdkifhxuf 2 ESpfBuD;w,f/ 18-ESpf&SdaeNyD/ olUtazu Adkvf
ujym;tpyfav aoNyD? taruawmh&Srf;rbJ? vIdif[macsmawmh awmfawmfudk acsmw,f/
'gayr,fh tudkaqGUudkwck ajymxm;r,f olUudkrBudKufeJUodvm;? olu &nf;pm;xm;bl;
w,f? tJ'D olU&nf;pm;uvJ zsm;NyD;awmhaooGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh olvJpdwfnpfvdkU? uJ-
cdkif wdkUvmcJUr,fhaeUudk aoaocsmcsmajymr,f/ tck 'Dpma&;wJUaeUu arv 16-&uf/
18-&ufaeUrSm cdkifwdkUvm;&Id;u rD;&xm;eJUxGufcJUr,f/ tJ'DnrEÅav;blwmrSm tdyf&r,f/
19-&ufaeU rEÅav;reufxGuf&xm;eJU vdkufcJUr,f? &efukefudk tJ'D&xm; b,ftcsdef
a&mufrvJ/ tudkaqG blwmrSm ar;jref;NyD;awmh vmBudKaeyg/
tckcdkifeJU vIdifwdkU&dkufxm;wJU"mwfykH xnfhvdkufw,f/ ydkNyD;odomatmif cdkifwdkU
ESpfa,mufpvkH; ausmif;rSm0wfwJU vkHcsnfjymjym/ tuÐsuawmh jzLjzLbJ/ vufwdk/
acgif;rSm uspfqHNrD;ESpfcGcsNyD;? zJBudK;pnf; teDwyGifhpD xdk;xm;r,f/
tudkaqGua&m b,fvdk0wfrvJ/ pmjyefbdkUtcsdefr&bl;/ 'Dvdkvkyfav..tudkaqG
cdkifhqDay;xm;wJU yg;csKdifhBuD;cGufcGufeJU NyKH;aew,f/ pwpfaumfvmeJU tay:tuÐsteuf
0wfxm;w,f/ tJ'DtuÐs0wfcJUyg/ EdkUNyD; &ifbwfrSm yef;eDeDwyGifh xdk;yg/ EdkUNyD;tudkaqGU
yg;csKdifhay:atmif NyKH;jyyg/
atmifr,f tudkaqGU tJ'D"mwfykH jrifawmhav vIdifu ,lUtudkaqGu cspfp&mBuD;
ygvm;wJU/ 'gaMumifh tudkaqGolUrBudKufzdkU BudKNyD;owday;xm;wm/ olu &nf;pm;vJ
xm;bl;w,f/ pdwfvJodyfaumufwwfwmbJ/
awmfao;NyD..
tudkaqG qufqufvmBudKyg/
cspfwJUcdkif
uRefawmfrSm 'Dpmzwf? olwdkU"mwfykHudkMunfhNyD; &ifoyf&Iarm&awmhoaygh/ vIdifqdkwJU
rdef;uav;u wu,facsmygvm;/ cdkif[m oleJU,SOfvdkufawmh ykHMurf;avmif;xm;wmeJU
tacsm udkifNyD;om; ,rif;&kyfvdk jzpfaeawmhoaygh/ tdk;...cspfp&mudk;? rpfpfvm;&Id;.../
cdkif[m t&kyfqdk;olawmh r[kwfygbl;? &Srf;reJUyefcsmyDpyf/ EkxGm;BuD;/ touf16-ESpf
qdkawmh ysKdUt*FgrjynfhpkHao;bl;/
'gaMumifh olUpmawGrSm ajymif;0vmvmem;ayr,fh uRefawmfolUudk &nf;pm;jzpfatmif
rvkyfcJUao;bl;/
tcef; 4? (c)rSm azmfjycJUwJU olUpmwapmifudk jyefMunfhygvm;/
tudkaqG....tudkaqG....tudkaqG.....tudkaqG.....
tr,fav;awmf...ac:vdkuf&wm? tudkaqGbmai;idkifaewmvJ/ tudkaqGU &nf;pm;udk
vGrf;aevdkUvm;? tudkaqGUrSm&nf;pm;&Sdovm;? &Sd&ifa,mif;ravmif;udk Munfh
csifw,fq&m/ "mwfykHydkUvdkufprf;?
wu,fbJ...wu,fbJ ckdifodcsifw,f/ tudkaqGUrSm &nf;pm;&Sdovm;? &Sd&if&Sdw,f
ajymaemf rnm&bl;/
bmvJ tudkaqGu cdkifhrSmaumvdkU ar;csifovm;? ar;yg cdkifuawmh &Sif;&Sif;ajzrSm bJ?
r&Sda&;csr&Sd/ ckvJr&Sd? aemifvJr&Sd? b,fawmhrS &SdrSmvJr[kwf/ cdkifu 'grsKd;em;vJ
rvnfbl;? 0goemvJrygbl;? taruvJ rBudKufbl;/
[Gef;...cdkifhudk aemufydk;wJU taumifawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,fodvm;/ 'if;wdkU *&krpdkuf aygif/
'gxuf tudkaqG&m? a[m'Dvm;&Id;NrdKUrSm ae&wm cdkifjyif;w,fuGm....tudkaqGwdkU
&efukefNrdKUBuD;a&mufbl;csifw,f/ uJ...cdkifvm&ifav tudkaqGUtdrfrSm ac:xm;r,fvm;?
xrif; auR;xm;r,fvm;? &kyf&Sifjyr,fvm;? ajymprf; ajymprf;/
uJ...tJonfpmudk uRefawmfvdkaumif b,fvdkjyefvdkufrvJ rvdkygbl;? rdwfaqGod
NyD;om;ygaemf/
atmifr,fav;...wu,frvmbl;vm;vdkUAs? tckawmhvmNyDAs? ESpfa,mufawmif/
olUtazmfuvJ 35? 23? 35/ vufrwJU/
uRefawmfhrSm idk&cuf? &D&cuf/ 0rf;om&rSmvm;? &ifqdkU&rSmvm;? vuf&Sdtajctae u
a,mu©rudk om;r,m;wGuf xrif;vc rSefrSefray;EdkifvdkU aocJwJU [mrBuD;eJU wNcdrf;
Ncdrf; aemif*sdrfae&wm/
[,f...wwfEdkifygbl; aygufwJUezl;rxl;uNyD? uRefawmfrSm b,fvdkudpöbJjzpfjzpf ulnD
wwfwJU emeDudkbJ olwdkU"mwfykHeJUpmudk jyvdkuf&awmhw,fcifAs/
emeDu pmudk tptqkH; zwfNyD;awmh 0rf;omovdkbJ NyKH;vmw,fcifAs? EdkUNyD;olwdkU "mwfykH
jyefMunfhNyD;...
]]cspfp&m av;awG[JU}}
a[mAs...emeDcspfjyefNyD? olUrSm rcspfwmr&Sd? uRefawmfhwcsKdU rdef;uav;awG "mwfykH[m
rvSygbl;? 'gayr,fhemeDuawmh ]cspfp&mav;bJ}/
]]cspfp&mav;awGawmh [kwfygNyD emeD&JU? 'gawG uRefawmf b,fe,fvkyf&yghrvJ? rvmMu
eJU qdk&atmifuvJ 'DaeU 18-&uf olwdkUvm;&Id; rEÅav;&xm;eJU ygvmcJUMuNyD}}
emeDuawmh at;aq;pGmyif/
]]armifMuifaqG eufzefblwmoGm;BudKaygh? emeDtdrfac:cJUaygh/ a&Smh[if; wdkufyif;
armiftkef;csdefqD oifcsifvJ oifMuyapaygh? wa,mufu &kyf&Sifrif;orD;
vkyfcsifw,fqdkvJ jzpfEdkifykHay:&if armifMuifaqGU rdwfaqGoli,fcsif; 'g&dkufwm&Sdom;bJ}}
uJ...emeDeJU awGUw,fqdkbJ? 'Djyóem[m at;at;av;&Sif;oGm;NyD/ uRefawmfawmfawmf bJ
tljrL;oGm;onf/ emeDtdrfrSm ESpfxyfwdkuf atmufxyfupmoifcef;? tay:xyfwjcrf;u
rdef;uav;awG abmf'gaqmif/
tckvmr,fh uav;rawG emeDubJ xrif;auR;awmhrnf/ vufa&;wdkvufESdyfpuf
oifbdkUawmh uRefawmfubJ udktkef;csdefudk ausmif;vcvTwfyg&ef ajymay;&awmhrnf/
1951 ckESpf? arv 19 &ufaeUnae &efukefblwmBuD;twGif;0,f ydk;tusÐteufuav;
0wfxm;aom uRefawmfonf....
rjrif rMuif&ol
yef;eDvGifvGif &ifrSmxdk;ygvdkU
vSrf;MunfhvQif jrifomEdk;ygiJU
cif vm;&Id;wkdUudkwJU arQmf&NyD/
a[m &xm;BuD; qdkufygaygh
wHcg;teD;w0dkufrSm wGJpOfMunfhygvdkU
ykvJcif ESpfrdudk rsufaph&Smawmh
cufayhuGm rawGUao;ygvm;
a[h a&SUajy;um wzefavQmufcJUvdkU
wacgufu,f jyefayr,fh
r[efav vlomarm
aZmqdkuf&onf/
]35-23-35}a&U
qkH;wJU&xm;vJ qkH;vdkUoGm;ygaygh
NyKH;vdkUrsm;awGUr,f xifcJUoljzifh
&ifwJUylvdkU pdwfrMunf
redyfNyDbl;uGJU tjzpfqef;/
atmf...aemufwaeU&,fvdkU
atmufarhum wcgBudKvJ
unmysKd rvmvdkU vJGMuaygh
wuxJrS cJorQ t&mrxifvkdU
xm0pOf (igvQif)b0ifrusEdkifbl;
rjrif rMuif&ola&..
awG;q arQmfrSef;ygvdkU
atmf...a0;u a&mf&rf;../ /
awmuf-ighNcHxJ0if ighEGm;vdkU wGufxm;wm/ t&ifrlqvifrav;wkef;u jrif&kHom
rMuif&/ tck cifvm;&Id;usawmh jrifvJrjrif&bl;/ rMuifvJ rMuif&bl;/ ][JU-&l;rsm;
&l;ovm; iaomfwm&,f? eifhudk [dku cspfygw,f? BudKufygw,f&,fr[kwf? eifhrvJ
"mwfykH jrif&wmeJU tjzpfoJvdkufwm[m}
tdk-bmjzpfjzpfav? vSwJUoltwGufqdk&if uRefawmfuAsmOmPfawmh xGufwmbJ/ tck
av;csKd;av;wyk'f&vdkufNyD r[kwfvm;/ 'g[m tjrwfyJ/
pm&Iolrsm;cifAsm;/ uRefawmfhtjzpfuawmh &Sif;ygNyDaemf/ waeUrvm? aemufwaeU
ygrvm;vdkU ESpf&ufqufBudKw,f/ 'D ]35-23-35}udkawmh "mwfykHjrif&wmeJU uRefawmf
awmfawmfpJGaew,f/
rdef;uav;awGqdkawmh oGm;&vm& rvG,fbl;r[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh olwkdU&ufcsdef;
ajymif;wJUpm vmrvm;arQmfcJUygw,f/
a[m...vmygNyDAsm/
vm;&Id;NrdKU
19-5-51
tudkaqG
cdkifudk cGifvGwfyg/ [dkaumifr opömazmufoGm;w,fav/ 18-&ufaeU &xm;ay:wufzdkU
[m olu 17 &ufaeU naevifhaemufvdkufoGm;w,f/
[,f...uRefawmfolUpmqufrzwfawmhbl;/ pm&GufudkpmyJGay: zswfueJ csypfvdkufw,f/
awmuf....uRefawmfrSm &nf;pm;awG 'Davmufrsm;cJUygw,f/ 'gyar,fh zsm;pl;pd/ tJonf
wkef;u ]r,f}awGtJ'Davmufrsm;wJU acwfrSmawmif ]r,fbGJU&}wa,mufrS rpGHcJUbl;/
r,f'*kef arat;wkef;uvJ pmuav; wcgpD tmae; *smae; vkyf&ao;w,f/
udkaqG&m...rvkyfeJUuGm? arat;vJ odMum;orD;r[kwfzl;/ 'gayr,fh azhazhorD;jzpfaevdkU
awmfawmhoaygh? azazeJU udkaqGeJU &if;ESD;ygw,fqdkNyD; olUazaz rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
a&;jyvdkufawmh? [dkuf..olUtaz rsm; ajymjy&if 'ku©[JUvdkU uRefawmf&SufvJ&SufoGm;w,f/
olUtazu uRefawmfhtaMumif; tpif; odudk;/
a[m...cdkifvmNyDAs
15-&uf? ZGefv? 1951
tudkaqGa&....0g;vdkUatmfvdkuf&vdrfhr,f/ tck cdkifb,fa&mufaeovJ/ b,fuae
pma&;ovJ odvm;.../ rajymrNyD; rwD;rjrnf ajym&awmhrnf/ &efukefNrdKU aq;&kHBuD; R.G.H
olemjyK q&mrrsm;a*[muygcifAsm/
cdkif[m 'Dvdk0g;vdkufcsifvdkU cdkifolemjyKoifwef; NURSE'S TRAINING avQmuf xm;wm ... tudkaqGUudk
BudKajymrxm;wm/ tck...raeUu (14-6-51)bJa&mufw,f/
tudkaqG 'Dpm&ç&jcif;vmcJUaemf/ 4 em&Dausmf&if cdkifwdkUtm;w,f/ tudkaqGeJU awGU&rSm
cdkiftm;BuD;aysmfaew,f/ EdkUNyD; &ifxJvJ wxdwfxdwfaew,f/ bmvdkUvJrodbl;..
cdkifhqDpma&;&if aygufaygufqkyfu-
Khaing (P.T:S)
 Room No 9,
Nurse's Home.
R.G.H
Rangon.
tif;-uRefawmfajrSmfvifhwJU ,rif;&kyfudkawmh wjcm;vltwif;okwfoGm;NyD/ tck[mu
yef;ykq&m tNyD;rowfao;wJU&kyfxk/ uRefawmfw,fNyD; pdwfrygvSygbl;Asm/ 'gayr,fh
b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ/ ESpf&Snfvrsm; pma&;NyD; arG;xm;cJUwmr[kwfvm;/ waeU awmh
'if;BuD;vm vSvmrSmbJvdkU/ pm&Iolrsm; wckowdjyKapcsifygw,f/ nSufwJUrdef;
uav;awG[m i,fi,feJUvSwwfNyD;awmh? xGm;wJUrdef;uav;awG[m BuD;rSudk,fvkH;udk,f
zef vSvmwwfygw,f/ tck cdkifuawmh yefcsmyDeJU&Srf;r pyfwJUEkxGm;BuD;...
uJ...awGU&ao;wmayghav/
nae 4 em&Dü xdkpOfu AdkvfcsKyfaps; taemufzufwef; 146&Ir0 wdkufcef;u
uRefawmfxGufcJUonf/
uRefawmfonf olemjyKq&mrrsm; a*[modkU wcgrQra&mufzl;ao;acs/ 1949ckESpf u
olrsm;awG 0dkif;abí aq;&kH 11 &uf wufcJU&NyD;? q&mrrsm;ESifh oduRrf;cJUaomfvnf;?
]emhpfawGu udk,fuauR;&wmursm;NyD; olwkdUqDupm;&wm enf;w,fqdkoHMum;&wmeJU/
EdkUNyD; udk,fhrSmvJ aiGurazmwmeJU ]udkaqG aq;&kHuqif;&if...uRefrudk&kyf&Sifjyrvm;...vdkU
vrf;cif;ay;wmawmif uRefawmfa&SmifcJUw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwdkUa*[m b,frSmqdkwm
awmif uRefawmfrodao;bl;/
&ifcGJ&kHbufu ae0ifoGm;vdkufwm Nurse's Home qdkwJUpmawGUrvm;vdkU/ ta&SU
uaetaemuf? 'dk;,dkaygufavQmufvdkufMuwm vrf;rawmfbufu y&dkufAdwfaq;&kH
oma&mufua&m rawGU/ 'geJU vlwa,mufar;awmh aemufzufjyefoGm;bdkUnTef;NyD; ]]*sLwD
u jyefvmwJU q&mrawGaemuf vdkufoGm;ayghAsm? vG,fygw,f}}qdkvdkU xrDeDeDeJU q&mr
wa,mufaemuf vdkufoGm;vdkufwm/ q&mrawGaewJU tdyfcef;awGa&mufua&m/
uRefawmfha&SUu q&mru tcef;eHygwf 5 0ifoGm;w,f/ uRefawmfuawmh eHygwf 9 &Sd&m
qufoGm;w,f/ a&mufvJa&mufa&m wHcg;aygufuav;[çaewm tomvufeJUqJGzGifhNyD;..
]]a[h..cdkif}}vdkUvJ ac:vdkufa&m? uRefawmfhaemufu tvefUwMum;toHESifh...
]]tr,fav;...tudkaqG}}qdkNyD; olUrsufvkH;jyL;vdkU/
uRefawmfu olU"mwfykHjzifh rSwfrdí...
]]at;..rif;..cdkifr[kwfvm;? bmvdkU txdwfwvefUjzpfae&wmvJ}}
]]tudkaqGvkyfykHuvJ MunfhtkH;av...}}
]][JU igbmvkyf&ao;vkdUvJ...}}
]]cdkifhtcef;xJ 0ifawmhrvdkU r[kwfvm;}}
]]at;av...tcef;eHygwf 9 qdkvdkU rawGUawGUatmif &Smvm&wm}}
]]bk&m;..bk&m; 'DvdktaqmifxJawmif a&mufatmifrvm&bl;}}
]]EdkU..b,fvdkvm&rSmwkef;}}
]]a[m[dk *dwf0uaeNyD;awmh '&0rfudk b,ftcef;ub,folUac:ay;ygvdkU ajym& w,f?
'grSr[kwf pmav;a&;ay;aygh...}}
]]at;...[kwfvm;? igodygbl;uGm..? 'gjzifh tck*dwf0jyefNyD; '&0rfudk ac:cdkif;&tkH;rSm
vm;...}}
]]tckawmh b,fvdkawmhrvJ tudkaqG&JU? aemufudkajymwm? uJ..vm..vm {nfhcef;
udkoGm;r,f 'Dae&mrSmppfpwmjrif&ifawmh 'ku©bJ? xkacsvTm tawmif;cH&rSmbJ}}
]]tdk rodvdkU jzpf&wmbJuGm? rif;uvJ raeUwaeUurS a&mufcgp? iguvJ 'Dvdk
emhpfuGmwmxJ qdkwm wcgrSa&mufzl;wm r[kwfzl;}}[k ajym&if; olwkdU{nfhcef;xJodkU
a&mufMuavonf/
tvJU-pkHwGJawGenf;bl;[/ wcsKdUab;csif;,SOfvdkU? wcsKdU'l;csif;xd aygifcsif;uvdvdkU?
w,ftm;usp&maumif;/
odkUaomf-uRefawmfhb*Fvm; nDrav;uawmh tJonftcsdefrSm r&S&Gwfao;bl;Asm/
olU"mwfykHxJuxufawmif ydefvdkU/ &Snfawmufawmuf aigufpif;pif;av;/ Muuform;
pum;eJUajym&if ]zDvmraph}ao;bl;ac:w,f/ b,fvdkvJqdk&if MuufNrD;aumifayguf
waumif[m b,favmufzJ BuD;rm;xGm;BudKif;aeae? tcsKd;tpm; ykHrusao;bl;qkd&if
]zDvmraph}ao;bl;ac:wmbJ/ zDvmqdkwmu Muuf&ifbwfrSm tzD&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;?
tJ'DtzDu olBuD;oifhoavmuf BuD;vm&awmhrS Muuf[m ykHyef;usNyD; jynfhpkHaomvSyjcif;
udk a&mufw,f/ zDvmaphNyDvdkUac:w,f/
'gaMumifh cdkif[m tJ'DtcsdefrSm ]zDvmraph}ao;bl;vdkU uRefawmfajymwm but very
prominsing tvm;tvmawmh rsm;pGm&Sdw,fayghAsm? &Srf;reJU yefcsmyD pyfw,fqdkawmh
olUrsufESmu Munfh&wm wrsKd;av;bJ/ aemifzDvmaphvdkU jynfhjynfhpkHpkHBuD;vSvmNyDqdk&if
xl;jcm;aom &kyfqif;t*Fg jzpfvmr,fvdkU uRefawmfwGufw,f/
rSefw,f? cdkif[m yxrOD;ydkif;u wvwjcm;? wvwjcm;? aemuf 'kwd,ydkif;rSm
ESpfywfwjcm; ESpfywfwjcm; vSvSvmvdkufwm 1951ckESpfukefawmh olUtvSjynfhpkHa&mAsKdU/
a&mufpu pmar;yGJratmifvdkU olUrdbuvJqlxm;awmh pdwfuvJnpfaew,f/
vm;&Id;olqdkawmh cyf&dk;&dk;bJtqiftjyifuvJ rwwfao;bl;/
aemuf ol&efukefrSm wjznf;jznf;Mumvmawmh emhpfb0rSmvJ aysmfvmw,f/
&efukefolwkdU&JU zD;vdrf;jyifqifrIvJ wwfvmw,f/ toufuvJ 17 ESpfausmfvmawmh
olUtvS&JU txGwftxdyfudk a&mufNyDaygh/
'Dae&mrSm uRefawmfhudkvJ wzufuvSnfhNyD; csD;rGrf;MuygtkH;? cdkiftvSwufvmykHudk
ESpfydkif;cGJjycJUw,fr[kwfvm;? yxrydkif;rSmqdk&if cdkifu &kyf&SifMunfhcsifygw,f b,foGm;
csifygw,f? ylqmrS rvGJomvdkU/ aemuf 'kwd,ydkif;usawmh ]]cdkifa&..b,fum;aumif;vdkuf
wmuGm? b,faeUoGm;Munfh&atmif}} ]][m..tck w&dpämef&kHrSm bmaumiftopfa&mufjyef
NyD? uJ .cdkif tudkaqGwdkU a&Twd*kHbk&m;BuD;rzl;&wmvJ MumoGm;ygyaum}}pwJU oabmawG?
oabmawG/ uRefawmfodyfodyf &ufa&m &ufa&mvmw,f/ bmvdkUvJrodygbl;aemf/
wrsKd;BuD;bJ [J..[J}}
t*Fvdyfpum;eJUajym&&if The bird in my hand (udk,fhvufxJiSufuav;)bJ/
udk,foabm&Sd cs,fvS,fzefwD;Edkifygw,f/ odkUaomf...uRefawmf t&ifrvdkbl; uRefawmfhrSm
,lEdkifwJUtajctaeuvJ r&Sdao;awmh? b*Fvm;armifESrvdkbJ aewmaumif;w,f/
pm&Iolrsm;cifAsm;? cifAsm;wkdU[m or&dk;us &nf;pm;awmh xm;bl;MurSmbJ/
odkUaomf....b*Fvm;armifESr&,fvdkU &SdcJUMubl;vm;/ b*Fvm;armifESrqdkwm b,fvdkvJ/
uRefawmf uAsmwyk'feU o&kyfjyygr,f/
b*Fvm;armifESrbGJUav;csKd;
t&if;tzsm; awmifrus ajrmufruseJU
tcif;yGm;um rarSmif&atmifvJ
r,Gif;rSm;atmif a&Smif&&Sm;&ygwJU
b*Fvm; armifESrqdkwm/
uRefawmfajymjyr,fAs
atmf...oabmuawmh
tawmfacsmoy ESrunmi,f
vSuvsm jzLowdk;&,feJU
t&om rlwrsKd;ygbJ
nDrym olqdk;csifvJ qdk;ayvdrfh
r&dk;wJU tm&kHnmOfeJU
umr*kPfwGif wzkHqef;onfrdkU
ESpfOD;,SOfum ezl;jyifudkav
erf;csifvQif erf;EdkifwJU oabmygbJ
ausmuav; udkifcsifvmawmh
pwdkifwGif armifESr&,fvdkU
pdwfuvdrfnm/
waeUaomtcg b,fvdkjzpfrvJ
tawGUoabmrSm t&G,fysKdrspfMuawmh
[dk...tcspfudkjzifh OD;wnfum
xl;w,fAsm..&l;w,fuGm..vdkU qdkMurSmbJ/
tqkH;owfrSmawmh
trkef;Zmwf zefcsifzefawmh
[efvQif[ef ESpfudk nm;Muvdrfh
uHyiftrSef xdkwH&m;ygbJ
pum;ukef tpkHrajymcifrdkU
ESpfyg;qkH NrKHraemrSmjzifh
aZmarGUMuqJ/ /
pm&Iolrsm; cifAsm;/ pum;tqifoifhwkef; 'Dae&mrSmuRefawmf <um;yg&ap? uRefawmf[m
uAsmq&mtjzpf ra&mufao;aomfvJ jrefrmuAsm pyfenf;pyfxkH; tm;vkH;
ukefpyfwwfygw,f/ onftxJrSm uRefawmf[m av;csKd;udk oabmusqkH;? tBudKufqkH;?
tm;t&qkH;ygbJ/ oluvGwfvGwfvyfvyf tuefUtowfr&Sdbl;/ um&efeab &orQawG
oGif;Edkifw,f/ EkdUNyD;zwfvdkUrSwfvdkU aumif;w,f/ vG,fw,f/ udk,fh[mudk,f tNrJwef;
tvGwf&aeEdkifw,f/ onfhjyif&wk? &uefawG uRefawmfpyfcJUbl;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
ckjyefrrSwfrdawmhbl;/
Munfhygvm;..wae&mrSm azmfjycJUwJU ]ynm&Smt&G,fwGif;[mrdkU} tpcsDwJU av;csKd; [m
uRefawmf 18 ESpfom;ua&;cJUwm/ cktukef&w,f/
uRefawmf 0w¦KawGa&;wJUtcg odyfa&;aumif;vmNyDqdk&if tJonf0w¦KoGm;eJU
pyfvsOf;wJUav;csKd;wykd'f acgif;xJqdkufvma&m/ tJonf yxrydk'fa&;csvdkufNyD; 'kwd,ydk'f
ra&;&raeEdkifjyefbl;/ aemufwwd,ydk'f qufwdkuf qufwdkufav;ydk'fpvkH; rNyD;rcsif;
raeEdkif/
yxrydk'feJU 'kwd,ydk'f[mjzifh uRefawmf puúLMurf;rudkif&ygbl;/ tJ...wwd,ydk'f
a&mufawmh ]jyef*[yf}u&Sdaeawmh puúLMurf;udkifw,f/ ttkyftcHum&efnSd&w,fAs/
odkUaomf uRefawmf tJ'Dav;csKd;rsKd; wyk'frSm odyfrMumygbl;/ 5-rdepf 10rdepf tvGefqkH;
15rdepfygbJ/
tJ'Dav;csKd; wydk'fvkH;vJNyD;a&m uRefawmf pmqufra&;Edkifawmhjyefbl;As/ 'D[mbJ
xyfxyfzwf&if; uAsmht&omcHaerdawmhoAs/ udk,fpyfwJUuAsm[m udk,fhtwGuft&om
t&SdqkH;cifAsmh/
0w¦Kua&;NyD;&if ESpfcgjyef rzwfcsifygbl;/ uAsmusawmh owd&wdkif; wwGwfwGwf
tvGwf&GwfaewmayghAsm udk,fhig;csOfudk,fcsOfNyD; tifrweft&om&SdwmbJ/ 'gaMumifh
uRefawmfhrSmav ysif;w,f? pdwfnpfw,f qdkwmr&SdoavmufzJ/ uRefawmfhuAsmawGuvJ
rsm;aom tm;jzifh udk,fhtcspfeJUywfoufNyD; pyfcJUwmawGqdkawmh av;csKd;wyk'fi,fcspf
wa,muf/ onfav;csKd;&GwfvdkufwmeJU tJ'Di,fcspf[m uRefawmfhqDbGm;ueJ a&mufvm
wmbJ/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfhrSm i,frljyefvdkU &TifvdkUysvkdU/
tEkynmonfwkdU\t&om
uRefawmftck pma&;ouf tESpftpdwfausmfcJUNyD/ [dkwkef;u ]]rif;pma&;q&mb0 bmvdkU
ESpfoufovJ}}udk,fhudk,fudk ar;Munfhawmh ]]aiG&vJvG,fw,fuGm? ausmfaZmrIvJ &Sdw,f?
EkdUNyD; pm&nf;pm;awG b*Fvm; armifESrawGeJU b,favmufedyfovJ}} tJvdkajzcJU w,f/
pifppfawmh tJ'gawGr[kwfjyefbl;AsKdU? ckwzef odvmjyefwmu pma&;q&m[m
olUpma&;pmyGJrSm olUpdwfBudKuftaESmuft,Suf uif;rJUpGm xdkifa&;ae&wJU tcgudk
t&omawGUaewmAsKdU? olUZmwfaumifawGeJUoleJU aysmfvdkU? oluZmwfaumifawGudk pNyD;
zefwD;w,f/ 'Dawmh olUZmwfaumifawGu touf0if vmNyD;awmh olac:&mvdk? olydkU&m
oGm; olcdkif;&mvkyfw,f/ wcgw&Husawmh olUZmwfaumifu olvdkcsifwdkif;r&bl;/ jiif;
qef&kHrubl;/ pma&;q&mudkyg olwkdUqE´&Sd&m ac:oGm;wwfao;As/ 'Dawmh pma&;q&m
rSm olrajrSmfvifhwmawG a&;vdkuf&wJUtwGuf ydkaumif;oGm;wmvJ &SdoAs/ odkUr[kwf
udk,fhZmwfaumif udk,frEdkifvdkU udk,fhOD;wnfcsuf vTJoGm;wmvJ&Sdw,fAs/
tck uRefawmfajymaewmudk tcsKdUvlawGtzdkU em;vnfEdkifbdkUrvG,fbl;/ odkUaomf
uAsmpyfbl;wJU vluawmh vG,fvG,foabmaygufvdrfhr,f/ bmaMumifhqdk ol[m uAsm
pyfwJUtcgrSm um&efac:oGm;wmudkyg oGm;bl;rSmbJudk;/
pm pum;ajyrSmvJ 0gusu pma&;q&mudk ac:oGm;wwfw,f/ tck uRefawmfh udk,fawGU
eD;eD;uyfuyfzJ ajymjyr,fav/ uRefawmfh&nf;pm;a[mif; cdkiftaMumif;udk a&;ae&mu?
b*Fvm;armifESr o&kyfjywJU av;csKd;av;a&;rdw,f/
tJonfuAsmvJNyD;a&m? aumifrav; arhoGm;NyD? uRefawmfudk,f&nfaoG;rdw,f/ Munfhprf;
pm&Iolrsm;cifAsm;? pum;tqifoifhwkH; 'Dae&mrSm uRefawmf<um;yg&apqdkNyD; uwnf;u
0w¦K[efaysmufNyD; ]tEkynmonfwkdU\ t&om}qdkwJU acgif;pnf;eJU aqmif;yg;
jzpfoGm;ygua&mvm;/ 'Dacgif;pnf;vJ a&;NyD; 'Dae&ma&mufrS 'Dtrnfwyf&rSef; odvmwm
yg/
tJ...onfawmh [dkuav;r eHab;csNyD; 'Daqmif;yg;NyD;atmif qufa&;&awmhr,f/
pma&;q&m t&om[m (aiG&vJvG,fw,f? ausmfaZmrIvJ&Sdw,f? EdkUNyD; pm&nf; pm;awGeJU
b*Fvm;armifESrawGeJU b,favmufedyfovJ)vdkU udk,fhudk,fudk qef;ppfNyD; udk,fhar;cGef;
udk,fajzcJUpOfu 1953-ckESpfuaeNyD; 1964-ckESpfavmufxd 10-ESpfausmf
uRefawmftrSefbJ aiG&TifcJUygw,f/ 0w¦Kwdkwyk'f 300-usyf&ygw,f/ &Ir0r*¾Zif;xJrSm
t[du@udkifwJUtwGuf 300-usyf aemuft[dudkudk,fh[mudk,fxkwf/
tJonfwkef;uqdk jr0wDuxGufp/ ]q&mh0w¦KeHr,fomay;yg? aiGudkBudK,lyg}vdkU wpmpm
awmif;aew,f/ EdkUNyD;tJonf jr0wDu uRefawmfwdkU aygif;wnfom;/ tJonf wkef;u
AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD;u OD;pD;NyD; xkwfa0wmvm;/ (aomfwmaqGqDu0w¦KvpOf&
atmifawmif;olBudKvdkcsif&if aiG 500-usyftxd jr0wDaiGpm&if;Xmeuay;ap?
onfxufydkr,fqdk&if usKyfwdkUbkwftzGJUudk wifjy)vdkU trdefUxkwfxm;oAs/ 'guRefawmf
wa,mufwnf;om r[kwfygbl;/ tjcm;emrnfBuD; pma&;q&mrsm;vnf; ygygao;w,f/
a[m...ckawmhjzifh (rpdkajy eudka&ysuf,Gif;vdkU qkd&r,f/) &Ir0uvJ uRefawmfhudk
[dkwkef;uvdk ray;Edkifawmhbl;/ jr0wD aiGwm&Du [dkwkef;u twdkif;bJ wyk'fudk 150-
usyfay;ayr,fvdkU vpOfqufrxnfhEdkifbl;/ wvjcm;ESpfvjcm;rSwJU/ cGJwrf;eJU pmrlcay;
ykHvJ MunfhOD;av/ [dkwkef;uvdk t,f'DwmwOD;wnf; oabmeJU rNyD;awmhbl;/ tzGJUeJU/
yxrt,f'DwmtzGJUuzwf? a&G;&ifbkwfudkwif? tJ'Dbkwfu vufcHawmhrS r*¾Zif;xJrSm
okH;r,fvdkU aocsmw,f/ 'Dawmh pmrlc&a&mwJUvm;/ r&ao;bl;/ tJonf0w¦Kudk ykHESdyfzdkU
pmpDcef;ydkUawmhrS ay;apvdkUtxufu trdefUxkwfxm;owJUAs/
uJ...[dkwkef;u 0w¦Kemrnf ay;&kHeJU aiG&wJUaumiftck tJonfvdk jzpfaeNyD/
cktajcrSm uRefawmf pma&;q&m wa,muftaeeJUaiGu tJonfavmufcJ,Of; aeygw,f/
EdkUNyD;pm&nf;pm;awG b*Fvm;nDrawGqdkwmvJ tck ('Dt&G,fBuD;rSm) waumif wNrD;rS
r&Sdawmhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf[dkwkef;uxuf ydkNyD;pma&;csifw,f/ aeUpOf rjywf
r&yfrem; a&;aecsifawmhwmbJ/ [dkwkef;uvdk taysmftysuf 0w¦KawGr[kwfawmh bJ
av;eufwJU b0o&kyfazmf 0w¦KawGa&;csifw,f/ 0w¦Komrubl;/ aqmif;yg;? aqmif;yg;rS
r*¾Zif;aqmif;yg;? owif;pmaqmif;yg;? *sme,faqmif;yg;awG a&;csifw,f/
udk,fhpma&;pmyGJrSm udk,fxdkifNyD; udk,fa&;csifwmawGa&;ae&wJU t&om[m uRefawmfh tzdkU
bmeJUrSrwlygbl;/ tEkynmpsmef 0ifpm;w,f qdkyg&ap/ tJonftcgrsKd;rSm anmif;wm
nmwmvJrodbl;/ xrif;qmwmvJ rodbl;/ tpGrf;ukefajymr,fAsm/ udk,fzsm;
aewmudkawmif rodbl;/
rSwfrSwf&& ajym&OD;r,fAsm/ 1961-ckESpf? ZEé0g&Dv yxroDwif;ywfxJrSm ]uRefawmf
vlqdk;ygodkUaomf}}qdkwJU 0w¦K/ uRefawmfqefukefonfb0u jrpfBuD;em;rS
&nf;pm;jzpfcJUwJU rdef;uav;wa,muf/ oleJUywfoufvdkU tJonfrdef;uav;[m oDv&if
vkyfaewJUtaMumif; olUarmifqDupmvmwmeJU uRefawmfhb0 &Sif;wrf;0w¦K a&;aew,f/
udk,fhb0udk trSeftwdkif;jyefa&;aewm odyfaumif;wmbJ/
tJ...0w¦K NyD;cgeD;avmufrSm uRefawmhZeD; aru teD;vmNyD;awmh ]]armifhMunfh& wm
wrsKd;BuD;bJ? zsm;rsm;aevm;}}qdkNyD; ezl;prf;Munfh&if ]][m..[kwfwmaygh? udk,fawG
ylaew,f}}
'Dawmh uRefawmfu ]]a[h....oGm;prf;? zsm;w,fqdkwm ighrSmr&Sdbl;}}
odkUaomf olu pdk;&drfpGmeJU olUrSm&SdaewJU jy'g;wdkif ,lvmNyD; uRefawmfhyg;pyfxJ
xnfhw,f/ uRefawmfu jy'g;wdkifikH&if;vJ pma&;aewmbJ/ aemuf oljy'g;wdkif jyefxkwf
MunfhvdkufNyD;awmh tvefUwMum;...
]]atmifr,fav; armifa& 101 awmif ygvm;}}
]]eifh[m 101ruvdkU 202 jzpfjzpf oGm; oGm; igbmrSrjzpfvdkU pma&;EdkifwmbJ}}qdk NyD;
NyD;cgeD; 0w¦KudktqkH;owfvdkufw,f/ onfhaemuf...
]]a[h igNrdKUxJusrS a[mfw,frSmbJ xrif;pm;awmhr,f}}qdkNyD; tdrfu xGufcJUw,f/
aruawmh ]]armif[m ajymr&bl;aemf tm;BuD;acgif;rmw,f}}qdkNyD; usefcJU\/
NrdKUxJa&muf bwfpfum;ay:u qif;awmh [JU wJU uRefawmfacsmif;w[Gwf[Gwf
qdk;vmw,f/ 'DvdkeJU &Ir0a&muf? pmrlay;? aiG 300-usyf&NyD; jyefxGufcJUawmh acsmif;[m
qkd;oxufqdk;vmw,f/ 'geJU r*dkvrf;aq;wdkuf wckoGm;taumif;qkH;? acsmif;qdk;aysmuf
aq;wykvif; ay;prf;qdkNyD;tzkH;zGifh? t&ufaomufovdk wykvif;vkH; armhcsvdkufawmh?
a&mif;wJUrdef;uav;u rsufvkH;jyL;vdkU/
]]atmifr,fav; 'Dvdkraomuf&bl;&Sifh? olUtnTef;twdkif;wZGef;pD aomufrSaygh}}
uRefawmfhrSm acsmif;w[Gwf[Gwf qdk;vsufzJ/
]]rif;[mu tckwykvif;vkH; ukefwmawmif raysmufao;wm wZGef;pDaomufae vdkUaum
bmxl;awmhrSmvJ}}qdkNyD; ykvif;cGHeJUolUaq;bdk; ay;vdkufay;ypfcJUw,f/
tJonfawmh uRefawmfhudk,fawG ylvmw,fvdkUvJcHpm;rdvmw,f/ {uefzsm;NyDbJ/
[if'Dtzsm;eJU acsmif;awmh igt&ufeJU armif;xkwfvdkufr,f? 'if;wkdUcHEdkif&dk;vm;qdkNyD;
wm0gbm;oGm; &rftao;wvkH;rSm yxr0rf;yuf qdk'gw0ufeJUcsvdkufw,f/ wcsufxJ
armhypfvdkufw,f/
rMumbl; jyeftefxGufvmw,f/ tif; 0daooawmh xl;aygh/ t&uform;yg;pyfu
t&ufjyefxGufw,fqdkawmh rBuKHbl; rMum;bl;wJUtjzpfrsKd;ygvm;/ a>rcHwGif;u <uufjyef
xGufvmwJUoabmbJ/
bm&rvJ/ wenf;BuHOD;r,f/
]]a[h c&pf&Sfem;}}
]]qyf}}
]]oHyk&moD;eJUqm;eJU ,lcJUprf;uGm}}
uRefawmfqm;eJUoHyk&m&nf vsufvdkufw,f/ NyD;awmh&rfaemufwcGufrSm? oHyk&m
oD;wjcrf; nSpfxnfhvdkufw,f/
'gvJr&bl;/ AGufueJ jyefxGufvmw,f/ 'DawmhrS uRefawmfvufavQmhNyD; t&uf orm;
0rf;Adkufu t&ufvufrcHawmhbl;qdk&if rdacsmif; a&epfwmeJU twlwlbJ/ xdkUaMumifh...
]]a[h..c&pf&Sfem;a&}}
]]qyf}}
]]igawmh ighrdef;rajymwJUpum; rSefaeNyD xifw,fuG}}
]]q&mhrdef;ru bmajymovJqyf}}
]]ig...zsm;aeowJU}}
]]tm [kwfvm;? uRefawmf q&mhezl; prf;Munfhr,f? uefawmhaemf tmjcpfjcpf
awmufylaewmbJ? aoaocsmcsm zsm;wmayghq&m}}
]]'gjzifh okH;bD;wpD; oGm;ac:acsawmhuGm}}
tJonf ckESpfwkef;u okH;bD;awG AdkvfcsKyfaps; a&SUrSmvmygtudk? vmygtreJU wçww/
uRefawmftdrfjyefa&mufawmh ra&Taru...
]]uJ arrajymbl;vm;}}qdkNyD; olUjy'g;wdkifESifh wdkif;Munfhjyefonf/
]][m..103awmif&SdaeNyD}}
]]'Dawmh igbmvkyf&rvJ}}
]]udk'geifaomufNyD; apmifNcKHtdyfvdkufaygh}}
]]uRefawmfem&Djyef wcsufu tdyfaysmfoGm;vdkufwm? tdyfrufqdk; trsKd;rsKd;awGeJU
n7em&DrSm wudk,fvkH; a&xJESpfxm;ovdk acR;oH&TJ&TJESifh Edk;vmawmh tzsm;r&SdawmhNyD/
udk,frSm at;pufaeojzifh acR;awGokwfNyD; t&ufwcGufarmhvdkufawmh tdkau/
uRefawmfh usef;rma&;u aumif;ojzifh wae&mrSm tzsm;qdkwm b,fvdk[mrSef;
awmifrodbl;[k a&;cJUrdonf/ ,if; 1961 ckESpfu aeU0ufrQ zsm;cJUonfudk arhaevdkUyg/
tJ'DupNyD; ,ckxdawmh tzsm;qdk csKdeJUvm;ygbJ/
uJ pmtvSrf;uGmcJUNyD/ uRefawmfqdkvdk&if;u tEkynmonfrsm; psmef0ifpm;NyDqdk awmh
anmif;nmwmvJrodbl;? xrif;qmwmvJrodbl;? udk,fzsm;aewmawmif rodbl; vdkU
uRefawmfhudk,fawGUudk ajymjywmyg/
trSeftm;jzifh tEkynm&Sif pifppfwdkUt&om,lonfrSm aiGr[kwfay/ csD;rGrf;Mo bmESifh
ausmfaZmudwåd r[kwfay? 'gawGu aemufrSvmcsifvm? rvmcsifaea&mh/ rlv y"meum;
yef;csDq&monf olykHqGJaecdkuf? yef;ykq&monf olUykHwlxkaecdkuf? pma&;q&m onf
olpma&;aecdkuf? *Dwq&monf olwD;rIwfaecdkuf? vufawGUum udk,fhtvkyfxJ?
udk,fa&mpdwfyg arsmygaeonfrSm tEkynm psmef0ifpm;jcif;yifjzpfí ,if;tcdkufrSm
rnfonfha0'emrS olUrSmr&Sd? olrod/ ,if;onfyif tEkynmonfwkdU\ t&omjzpfay&
um;? b,frif;b,folaX;wkdU\ pnf;pdrfESifhrQ rvJEdkifaMumif; xdktEkynmonf udk,fwdkif
om odyg\/
om"uwckudk jyvdkygao;onf/ pm&Iolonf ]aiGudk avvdkokH;ol}[laom trnfjzifh
aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;rSm uRefawmf 0w¦Ka&;cJUol udkjrarmiftaMumif;udk zwfzl; aumif;
zwfzl;ygrnf/ ]vlUbkHcef;0g}rnfaom 0w¦Kwdk aygif;csKyfrSmvnf; olUtaMumif;
0w¦KxnfhcJUygonf/ udkjrarmifonf aiGudkodef;ESifhoef;ESifhcsDí okH;jzKef;Edkifoljzpf\/ tokH;
tpm; tay;turf; tvGef&ufa&moljzpf\/
w&Ha&mtcg olUwnf;cdk&m px&if;a[mfw,fwGif rdwfaqGwpkESifh pmaytaMumif;
aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGif olu cyfaxGaxGESifh cifAsm;wkdUpma&;q&mwG[m bmbJ nmbJESifh
ajymojzifh uRefawmfu ]]udkjrarmifcifAsm; aiGomaygwmyg? pma&;q&m taMumif;
rodygbl;}}[k ajymvdkufrdonf/ olu qdwfNidrfoGm;NyD; awmfawmfMumí tjcm; pum;awG
a&mufoGm;rS olu...
]]udkaqGcifAsm; pma&;wm wv0ifaiG b,favmuf&ovJAs}}[k jzwfar;ygonf/
uRefawmfu ]]bmvdkUar;wmwkef;As? pma&;q&mqdkwm zGwfMum;yg? wv
b,favmuf&,fvdkU trSefr&SDygbl;? rsm;rsm;a&;Edkifrsm;rsm;&w,f? eJeJa&;Edkif eJeJbJ&w,f}}
]]uJzsrf;rQ wvb,favmuf&rvJ? cefUrSef;ajc ajymprf;Asm}}
uRefawmf acwåpOf;pm;NyD;..
]]500d avmufqdkygawmhAsm}}
xdktcgolonf tvGefwnfcefUí 0if;vufaomrsufvkH;rsm;jzifh...
]]aumif;NyD uRefawmfcifAsm;udk wvwaxmifEIef;eJU wESpftwGuf aiGaomif;ESpf axmif
ckcsufjcif; vufiif;ay;xm;vdkufr,f? cifAsm;'DwESpftwGif;rSm bmpmrSra&;&bl;
a[m'DrdwfaqGawGa&SUrSm oufaojyKNyD; *wday;yg}}
oluwif;wif;BuD; ajymcsvdkufavawmh uRefawmf&kwfw&uf tHUtm;oifhoGm;NyD;..
]]udkjrawmif cifAsm; bmpdwful;aygufvdkufwmwkef;}}
]]uRefawmf bmpdwful;qdkwm rar;ygeJU cifAsm; 'DaiG,lNyD; pmra&;bJaeEdkifraeEdkif
qdkwmom pOf;pm;NyD; tajzay;yg? aiGuawmh a[m'DtHqGJxJrSm toifh&Sdav&JUAs}}
olUtdyf&mab;u pmyGJudk nTefjyygonf/
þrS uRefawmfonf olUqdkvdkcsufudk oabmaygufum..
]]udkjrarmif uRefawmf&IH;NyDAsm? uRefawmfawmif;yefygw,f}}[kqdkí vufudkqefU
wef;ay;vdkufum ]]uRefawmf tckepum;udk jyef&kyfodrf;ygw,f}}
xdkpum;um; (udkjrarmif cifAsm; pma&;q&mawG taMumif; bmem;vnfvdkUvJ)[k
uRefawmf ajymrdjcif;yifjzpfyg\/
rSef\/ udkjrarmifonf waomif;rajymESifh wodef;vnf;ay;Edkifoljzpf\/ odkUaomf
uRefawmfum; b,favmufay;ay;? ra&;bJ raeEdkifygNyDwum;/
tcef; - 16
uRefawmfhr,m;aysmufvdkU&Sm
tyGJtyGJEGJcJUorQ 'DwyGJrS ESmap;wJUvl vufursif;wmcHvdkuf&onf/ a>rayG;
jrufavsmudkufonf/ uwkH;ay: usD;uef;acs; AufueJusonf/
MunfygrdwfaqG/
þaeUonf 1952 ck? Mo*kwfv 4 &uf/ ]jynfawmfomaeU}jzpfygonf/ nu t&ufqdkifü
pma&;BuD;udkxGef;wifESifh pum;pyfrdí onfaeUeHeuf olwdkUtpdk;&vcpm;awG
roGm;vQifrjzpfaom jynfawmfomcef;&Sd&m usKduúpHuGif;odkU uRefawmfyga&maESmvdkufyg
rnf[k ajymcJUygonf/ eHeuf&kH;um;BuD;ESifh vmac:rnfjzpfí 6-em&DcefUü toifh&Sdae&ef
pum;cHcJUygonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf þnü tdrfodkUapmapmjyefcJUum eHeufwGif
toifhjzpfpdrfhaomiSm t0wftpm;udk jyifqifxm;vdkufygonf/
,if;udkuRefawmfha,mu©r\ wOD;wnf;aom orD;u ]&Sifreufjzefcg [dkaumifr av;ac:
&kyf&SifjytkH;rvdkU r[kwfvm;...}[k aigufqwfqwf ar;vdkufygonf/
uRefawmfonf rdef;rqdkvQif tvGefpufqkyf[efjzifh..
]]BuHBuHzefzefuGm...vludk bdkifusvdkU pdwfnpf&wJUtxJ...}
odkU&mwGif þodkUnOD;u uRefawmfhZeD;uajymNyD; aemufaeUeHeufapmapmü uRefawmf\
wOD;wnf;aom a,mu©r\ (rkqdk;rjzpfaMumif; qdkvdkonf)rdciftzGm;BuD;onf
uRefawmfhudk tdyf&mrSEId;um...
][JU eifhrdef;rb,foGm;vJ..}
uRefawmfonf tdyfaiGUa0Ua0Ujzifh ab;ESpfzufvSnfhMunfhum...
]tdyf&mu xoGm;NyDjzpfrSmaygh}
odkUaomf...tzGm;BuD;onf em;av;oljzpfí uRefawmfhpum;aumif;aumif;rMum;bJ?
]olUorD;av;bJ[JU..}
]at;ayghAsm? om;onftarbJ? cav;eJUtwlxrSmayhg}
]eifwkdUtcef;u oef;acgifavmufrSm rD;vufvuf vufvufeJUjrifw,f? bmvkyf
MuwmvJ}
uRefawmfu NyD;vG,fapaMumif;..
]Murf;ydk;&SmMuwmygAsm...}
]tdrfomxJrSmvJ r&Sdbl;...}
]tdk...rmrm&,f} uRefawmfwkdUu þtzGm;BuD;udk (rmrm)[kac:Muygonf/ ]tdrfom xJrSm
b,fMurf;ydk;&SDyghrvJ}[k ajym&if; (tif;...tzGm;BuD;awmh oli,fjyefcsifNyDxifw,f)[k
uRefawmfhpdwfxJu atmufarhrdygonf/
odkUaomf. tzGm;BuD;onf &kwfw&uf rsufESmxm;wifvdkufum...
]at;aygh[JU...eifuawmh r,m;i,f,lcsifaewJUtaumifudk? tBudKufaygh[JU}
uRefawmfrsufvkH;jyL;um...
]Asm...Asm...bmajymw,f rmrm...}
odkUaomftzGm;BuD;onf uRefawmfhtem;ü r&SdawmhNyD/ olUorD;tcef;odkUoGm;um...
]*sKdpD..*sKdpD...aemfrmeJU 0if'Dr&Sdawmhbl;}
uRefawmfha,mu©ronf tdyf&mrSvl;vJxum (tif;...xifawmh xifom;bJ)[k a&&Gwf&if;
ajcoHjyif;jyif;ESifh uRefawmfhtcef;0 vm&yfum...
]rif;wkdUnu bmjzpfMuovJ...}
uRefawmfonf a,mu©r a&SUarSmufü aMumufaomrsufESmav;ESifh ikwfwkyfxdkif um...
]bmrSrjzpfMuygbl;..}
þae&mü a,mu©ronf olUudk,fol trIvdkufyk*¾dKvf? uRefawmfhudk w&m;cHoabm
xm;um..
]rif;nu t0wfopftpm;opf jyifwmu bmvkyfzdkUvJ}
]ckreufjynfawmfom pcef;udkcsDwufrvdkUyg...}
]rnmeJU rif;'DaeU [dkaumifrav;eJU avQmufvnftkH;rvdkUr[kwfvm;..}
]bk&m;pl; r[kwfygbl; tefwD&,f? rdk;BudK;udk 75-pdwfcGJ&ap&JU...}
]rdk;BudK;udkcGJwm tqef;r[kwfygbl;uG,f? yef;wdrf q&mawGqdk&if t&nfawmif
BudKaeMuwmbJ (tvJU..[mopma&;q&m\ a,mu©ryDyD om;rufpum;udkyif jyefoa&mf
um) ]uJ...awGUatmif&Smay;? ighorD; wckckjzpf&if rif;aMumifhbJ}
]r[kwfygbl; olvrf;xdyf cav;wGufrdkUbm0,f&atmif oGm;wmjzpfygvdrhfr,f...}
]'gjzifholUaowåm t0wftpm;zGifhMunfhprf;..}
a[mAs..wuxJ..olUt0wftpm; tcsKdUESifh cav;\tuÐsrsm; r&SdawmhNyD/ þrS
tm;vkH;wu,f rsufvkH;jyLMuawmh\/
uRefawmfrsufESmopfNyD; ukwftuÐstdwfxJ pD;u&ufAl;EIdufvdkufaom tcgü pmwapmif../
udkMuifaqG
aemfrmuHqdk;r? orD;av;0if'DeJU vGwf&muRwf&moGm;ygNyD/ vdkufr&SmygeJU &Sif,lr,fh
r,m;i,fom jrefjref,lvdkufyg/ usefwJUusruav; 3-a,mufudk rdaxG;rESdyfpufygapeJU?
usrtartdrfrSmbJ xm;cJUyg/ olwdkUausmif;vceJU pm;p&dwfudk rSefrSefay;yg/ tck
rmrDudkay;p&m&SdwJU aiGw&mhtpdwfvJ ay;vdkufyg/ vrf;xdyfu udkcspfukefpkHqdkifrSm usr
a<u; 4d-cGJudkvJqyfvdkufyg/ usrawmh aowmbJ aumif;ygw,f/ 'grS udkMuifaqG
r,m;i,feJU aumif;aumif;ae&r,f/
aysmfEdkif&TifEdkifygap...
 aemfrm
uRefawmfh&ifonf w'dwf'dwfckefvmygonf/ þpmudkolUtaray;vdkufygonf/
cspfa,mu©rrsufESm ykyfodk;í oGm;ygonf/ uRefawmfhudktpdrf;vdkuf 0g;pm;csif[efay:ae
ygonf/ tHBudwfonf/ rsufapmif;cJonf/ xrDpGefawmifqGJí ajcovkH;azmfum aZmifh
aZmifhESifhavQmufonf/ ajc&if;u olUarmiftdrf ul;oGm;um? owif;qdk;udk jzefUESHUa0iS
onf/
þae&mü uRefawmfhtay:pGyfpGJcsufudk [kwfwdkif;rSef&m &Sif;vif;yg&ap/
uRefawmfhü emrnf&aom vli,fpma&;q&mwdkUbm0 jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwGif vlcsif;
rjrifbl;bJvsuf? pma&;rdwfzGJUMuaom cspfnDrav;awG tajrmuftjrm;&Sdav&m?
&efukefESifh rdkifaygif;rsm;pGma0;uGmaom NrdKUwNrdKUrS wckaomnDrav;onf wuúdodkvf0if
pmar;yGJatmifí ,leDAmpwDodkU a&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfESifhawGUMu\/ pmay;pm,lESifhyif
cifrifaeMuí vlcsif;awGUMuaomtcgü ESpfaxmif;tm;&&SdvS\/ uRefawmfu ig;ydaMumf
uav;rsm; vdkcsif&if vnf;aumif;? &efukefü vnfcsifywfcsif? &kyf&SifbmMunfhcsif&if
vnf;aumif;? tm;rem&efavmuGwfjyKcJU\/ 'gwNrdKUwaus;u rda0;za0; a&mufvmol
uav;twGuf 0wå&m;r[kwfygvm;cifAsm/
Zlvdkifv aemufqkH;owif;ywf aomMumaeU0,f pmwapmifa&mufvm\/
tudkaqG..
arat;vdk wNrdKUwaus;u awmoluav;udk 'Dvdk*&kwpdkufcspfcifwm tifrwefbJ
0rf;omvSygw,f/ tvdkvdkufvdkU EGJUqdk;qdk;w,fvJ ratmufarhygeJU.../ arat;
&kyf&SifMunhfcsifw,f/ we*FaEGaeU reufq,fem&DrSm ausmif;aqmifudk vmac:vSJUyg/
arat;toifhjyifNyD; apmifhaeyghr,f/ EdkUNyD; &kyf&SifNyD;NyD;csif; jyefydkU &r,faemf...
tudkaqGcspfwJU nDrav;
arat;
uJ...rdwfaqG uRefawmfhae&muae pOf;pm;ay;yg/ uRefawmf jiif;Edkifa&SmifEdkiftHU avm/
EdkUNyD;aumjiif;oifh a&Smifoifhygovm;/ olUcjrm &efukefü aqGrsKd;r&Sd/ &if;ESD;aom
rdwfaqGr&Sdao;/
xdkaeU 10em&Dü uRefawmfolUudk NrdKUxJac:vmcJUaomtcg? &kyf&Sifjy&efrSm 2-em&D rQ
vdkao;\/ ol 10-em&Dcsdef;onfrSm &efukefNrdKU\ &kyf&SifjycsdefawG rodao;aomaMumifh
jzpf\/ &efukefwGif we*FaEG txl;yGJrSm 9-em&DcGJ? EdkUNyD;cgwdkif;aeUjycsdef 12-em&DcGJ? 3-em&D
cGJ? 6-em&DcGJ n9-em&DcGJ/
,ck uRefawmfwkdUrSm txl;yGJvnf;rrSD? 12-em&DcGJbdkUvJvdkao;? [dk[dk'd'D avQmuf
vnf&rSmuvnf; rdk;uwzGJzGJ/
xdkUaMumifh tcsdefMumMum at;at;aq;aq;xdkifpum;ajymaeMu&ef &efukefNrdKU wGif
tat;qkH;ESifh vlt&Sif;qkH;jzpfaom ql;avbk&m;vrf;u bm;rm;aumfzDa[mufpfodkU
oGm;Muygonf/ odkUaomf þaeUusrS ¤if;qdkifuydwfxm;\/ xdkUaMumifh &kyf&Sif&kHwef;buf
jyefcJUum? *vkyfESifh yav'D,eftMum;u vufzuf&nfqdkif 0ifMuygonf/ (we*FaEGaeU
rSm uGefwDeifw,fvfvnf;ydwf\/) odkUaomf....þqdkifrSm usOf;ívlpnfaomaMumifh
uRefawmfwkdUem&D0ufxuf ydkxdkifíroifhavsmf/ odkUtwGuf armifaxmfav;vrf;u &Ir0
wdkufrSm oGm;aeMu&ef olUudkacsmhac:&ygonf/ yxrü pma&;q&mawGESifhawGU&rSm
ol&Sufonf[k jiif;aeao;onf/
]tdk...'Dwe*FaEGaeUrSm b,fpma&;q&mrS &Ir0udkrvmbl;? pmpDpuf&dkuform;awGeJU
udkausmfbJ&Sdr,f}}
]]tJ'D udkausmfudk&Sufw,f}
]tr,fav;...udkausmfu vl&dk;vltBuD;? arat;udk MunfhrSmawmifr[kwfzl;? olU[mol
pD;u&ufaomufvdkuf tvkyfvkyfvdkuf aewmbJ? yg;pyfxJvufxdk;awmif udkuf
wwfwJUvlr[kwfzl;? r,kH&if arat; olUawGUawmhyg;pyfxJ vufxdk;Munfhav...}
olonf &SufaoG;uav;ESifh &,fvdkufNyD;/
]tdk...tudkaqGuvJ? EdkUNyD; pmpDpuf&dkufwJU vlawGuaum arat;udkMunfhMurSm...}
]tr,fav;...MunfhwmyJUygr,fqdk&if tudkaqGu toufeJUvJumuG,frSmayghAsm
tudkaqGaygif;wnfom;yg}
]Munfhav...tudkaqGajymvdkuf&if..}
]tvum;yg? olwkdUu arat;udkjrifbdkU aeaeomom...arat;u olwkdUudk
Munfhcsifygw,fvdkU ajcaqmifhidkaeawmif tudkaqGu rsuf&nfokwfay;NyD; oDcsif;qdk&kHbJ
wwfEdkifr,f? olwkdUtvkyfvkyfcsdefrSm tjyifvJrxGuf&bl;? olwkdUtvkyfcef;xJvJ 0ifcGifhr&Sd
bl;? uJ vmyg? ighnDru wuxJ olUudk,fol tysKdBuD;vkyfNyD; &Sufaew,f?
udkcav;[mbJ udk,fhtudkBuD;oGm;&m vdkufcJUa&maygh? arat;u tck
toufb,favmuf&SdNyDrkdUvJ}
vnfyif;uav; iJUvdrfum EIwfcrf;uav;cRefí...
]odwwfzl;..}
trSef olUtouf 17-ESpfjzpfaMumif; uRefawmfodNyD; jzpfygonf/
]tr,fav;..udk,fhtoufudk,f rodao;wJU vlursm; tysKdBuD;vkyfNyD; &Sufae& owJUuGm?
tHUyg&JU vmygoGm;Mur,f 'Dqdkifxkdif&wm tm;emvmNyD}
odkUESifh uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf &Ir0wdkufodkU a&mufcJUawmhonf/ tqifoifhyif
tjyifcef;ü OD;ausmfwa,mufwnf;bJ &Sdacs\/ OD;ausmfvnf; a&TawmifvkHcsnfvdkyg;aom
a&Tawmifom;jzpfí arat;\ &Id;wdk;&SefUwefUEdkifvSaom trlt&mudk wcsufrQMunfhNyD;
bmrQrajymbJ twGif;cef;odkU0ifoGm;\/
uRefawmfarat;tm; pmyGJwvkH;wGifxdkifapí ,ck&dkufaeaom wifhw,f\
]ESpfavmu}0w¦Kacgif;pnf;ESpfrsufESmcGJykHudk Munfh&ef,lay;NyD;? tdrfomwufcsifaZmESifh
aemufaz;cef;0ifcJUonfwGif udkausmfu...
]udk&ifb,fu cav;r ac:vmjyefwmvJ}
]aetkH;AsmcP? uRefawmfhAdkufxJu ygeDawGu cifAsm;udkrajymbdkU uefUuGufaeMu w,f}
udkausmfonf NyKH;NzJNzJESifh olUxkH;pHtwdkif; uRefawmfhem;&if;udk vuf0g;ESifh&G,fum..
]oGm;prf;jrefjref b,favmufrsm;tljrL;vmw,frodbl;}
uRefawmftdrfomuxGufcJUí rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; ajymjyaomtcg udkausmfu..
]at;..tJUvdk udk,fh,kHvdkU 'DvdkvdkufvmwJU rdef;cav;udk opömapmifh&r,faemf}
]tr,fav;..udkausmf&m? uRefawmfpma&;q&mygAsm? 'Dvdkudk,fh0w¦Kudk oabmus NyD;
MunfndKcspfcifaewJU rdef;cav;udk xdcdkufap&r,fqdk&if uRefawmfhavmuf,kwfnHUwm
avmurSm &SdygtkH;rvm;}
]'Dvdkqdk...om"k...om"k}
]tr,fav;..'DacG;rom; em;xdkif;eHr,f okH;cgac:aer,fhtpm; aiGokH;q,fom
ay;vdkufygawmh...}
]bmvkyfzdkUvJ okH;q,fu? waeUubJ 70d-,loGm;w,f r[kwfvm;..}
]tJ'D 70d-u a<u; 20d qyfNyD; 50d rdef;rudk ay;&w,f? tck uRefawmfhtdwfxJrSm cgvD?
'Dcav;rudk &kyf&SifjybdkU? [dk'if;'D'if; 0,fjcrf;auR;bdkUvdkaew,f r[kwfvm;...}
]'g okH;q,fawmif ukefrSmvm;..}
]rukefaum..[dkaeUu 70deJU vG,fvG,fw&mrSwf&atmif cifAsm;udkoufnSmwJU oabmeJU
awmif;wm..}
]tr,fav; roufnSmygeJU udk&if? ig;&ufrjcm;bJ aemufwcg ray;Edkifbl;vdkU
ajymxm;w,fr[kwfvm;...}
]ajymxm;aum..'guta&;ay: Mum;jzwfvdkvmwmudk;As....}
]udk&ifhudk usKyfu 'Drdef;cav; oGm;ac:cdkif;wmvm;..}
]cifAsm; 'DtaygufrsKd;rajymeJU? bmvJpma&;q&mqdkNyD; 'DjyiftvkyfeJU ref;eD;azmNyD;
armfawmfum;awmif 0,fpD;aeEdkifwJU emrnfawG azmfrajymcsifygbl;av? tJ'DvlawG
usawmh olwdkUrSm {nfhonf&SdvdkU jyKpk&r,fqdk&if cifAsm;vmac:NyD; [dkw,fwdkU? vufzuf
&nfqdkifwdkUrSm 'umcHcdkif;w,fr[kwfvm;? olwkdU&kyf&SifMunfhcsif&if cifAsm;vmjycdkif;w,f
r[kwfvm;..}
þtcsufudk olrjiif;Edkifyg/ [dkq&mawGu olUudktrJ'um[k oabmxm;Mu aMumif;
olUudk,folvnf; &dyfpm;rd[ef&Sd\/ uRefawmfuqufvufí..
]uJ 'Dawmh tckuRefawmfhrSmqdk&if olwkdUvdkarmfawmfum;a0;vdkU acG;0Jpm;awmif
pD;EdkifwJUaumifr[kwfzl;....? EdkUNyD; uRefawmfucifAsm;udk oufouftrJ'umcHcdkif;wmvJ
r[kwfzl;? uRefawmf&oifh&xdkufwJU vpOfay;aiGxJu 3&ufrQBudKawmif;wmuav;wckbJ?
tJ'grScifAsm;jiif;r,fqdk&ifjzifh 'DrSmudkausmf cifAsm;toufb,favmuf&SdyvJ}
]a&Svdkufwm? a0VK0wDvdk0g;xJ y#doaE¨rSD;arG;cJUovm;? usKyftoufeJUbmqdkifvJ..}
]qdkifygaomaum..? usKyfawmif;wmray;bl;qdk&ifjzifh cifAsm;vdktokH;ruswJU
vlwa,muf[m vlUjynfESpfaygif;rnfrQaebl;oGm;w,fvdkU rSwfMup&mwenf;wkd;atmif
b'´urÇmrSm urÜrnf;xdk;&r,fAs}
]w,f....rsm;vdkufwJUpum;ES,f? uJ..uJ..'DaiG 300d ay;&ifcifAsm;csufcsif;oGm;r,f vm;?
cifAsm;&Sd&if pum;rsm;wmeJU usKyftvkyfysufw,f}
]csufcsif;oGm;r,fvdkUawmh tmrçrcHEdkifbl;? &kyf&Sifjycsdefapmifh&tkH;r,f? cifAsm;udk
aemufxyfpum;wcGef;rS rajymygbl;vdkUawmh uwdxm;r,f}
]uJ...a&mh...a&mh...}
uRefawmf a&mufvmvQif pum;rsm;í oltvkyfysufojzifh aiGay;vTwf&wmrSm
xkH;pHjzpfaeygonf/ udkausmf\ obm0rSm pum;enf;í tvkyfomvkyfaecsifol jzpfaom
aMumifh uRefawmfu þtcsufudkudkifygonf/ uRefawmf\ yifudk,frSmvnf; pum;rsm;ol
r[kwf/ tawG;orm; tai;orm; ta&;orm;yg/
uRefawmfonf olUvufxJu q,fwefokH;&Guf,lNyD;aemuf
]tJUvdk vdrfrmprf;ygAsm ydwkef;&kyfxkH;okwf? usm;vmtrJauR;..? aomfwmaqGvm
ydkufqHay;...at;w,fqdkwm od&ufom;eJU bmaMumifhaES;auG;ae&wmvJ? uRefawmfvdk
yk*¾dKvfu cifAsm;qDrSm rMumcPydkufqHawmif;w,f qdkwm *kPf,lprf;ygAs? cifAsm;udk
uRefawmfu ydkufqHawmif;wm ydkufqHawmif;w,fvdkU oabmrxm;ygbl;/ jyKoifhjyKxdkuf
oludk aumif;csD;ay;ae&w,fvdkU atmufarhygw,f}
uRefawmf pum;rqkH;rD olonfNyKH;pdpdESifh tjcm;bufvSnfhoGm;um...
]udk&if uwd&Sdw,faemf...}
]atmf...aqm&D; aqm&D; arhoGm;vdkU}
udkausmfonf uRefawmfhudktjyifa&mufatmifwGef;NyD;...
]uJ...udk&ifoGm;awmh? <uprf; 12-em&Dxdk;NyD? &kyf&SiftcsdefeD;NyD? usKyfa[m'DpmyGJrSm
y&kk(z)zwfp&mawG &Sdw,f? udk&ifhtoHMum;&&if tvkyfxJ pdwfra&mufawmhbl;}
uRefawmfem&DudkMunfhvdkuf&m 12-em&DuGufü vufwHESpfckxyfNyDjzpfí...
][m...cifAsm; uRefawmfhtwGuf em&DMunfhay;wmaus;Zl;wifw,fAsKdU? [kwfw,f usKyfrSm
'Dvdktcsdefudk owday;r,fhvlrsKd;wa,mufavmuf vdkaew,f? uJ-oGm;Mur,f?
arat;a&...? a[mh'g &Ir0OD;ausmf qdkwmayghuGJU}
txGufü raMumif&efolwkdUudk rdfwfzGJUay;ovdkESifh wa,mufudkwa,mufNyKH;Munfh
atmifvkyfNyD; vpfcJUMuav\/
]OD;ausmfeJU tudkaqG 'DvdkaeMuwmbJvm;}
]tudkaqGu 'Dvdkae&rS aysmfwmbJ}
]OD;ausmfu oabmaumif;ykHay:w,faemf}
]tudkaqGwkdUeJUawmh &if;&if;ESD;ESD; &Twf&Twfaemufaemuf aewwfygw,f}
arat;rSm aq;a&mifpkHum; rMunfhbl;ao;[k ajymí þtywfü um;opfxJrS
aq;a&mifpkHjzpfaom &D*sifh&kHu Vengeance Valley Zmwfum;udkjyygonf/
&kyf&Sif&kHu xGufMuaomtcgü tdk&D,ifh[dkw,ftay:xyfwGif tdkufpfu&if auR;NyD;
olUausmif;aqmifodkU jyefydkUvdkufawmh\/
þuav;rESifh uRefawmfrSm þrQomjzpfaMumif; avmuwGif uRefawmftcspfqkH; jzpfaom
uRefawmf\ uavmifemrnfjzifh usdefqdkygonf/
odkU&mwGif uRefawmfha,mu©rESifh uRefawmfhr,m;um; txifawmfvGJMuavonf/
(þudpörSm a,mu©ru ydkta&;BuD;aomaMumifh olUemrnfudk t&ifa&;&ygonf/)
xdkaeU uRefawmfarSmifrS tdrfjyefa&mufí t0wftpm;vJNyD; xrif;tdk;[if;tdk;
zGifhMunfhaomtcg uRefawmftvGefrBudKufaom ig;ajcmuf&dk;ESifh c&rf;oD;? &kH;ywDoD;
ukvm;[if; bJOaMumfjzpfaeaomaMumifh vrf;xdyf w&kyfqdkifodkU vpfygonf/
cspfaqGaomufazmf udkapmarmifESifh awGUít&ufwjrjr pum;wajymajymESifh
tdrfjyefaemufus\/ 9-em&DavmufrS a&mufaomtcg ydkufqHb,favmufygvJ[k
rsufESmcsKdESifh tdwfxJEdIufaeusjzpfaom uRefawmfhr,m;rsufESmonf okef\/ rIef\/
uRefawmfha,mu©ronf xGD\/ xGH\/ uRefawmfha,mufzti,fonf EIwfcrf;pl\/
rsufapmif;xkd;\/ tzGm;BuD;ESifhuav;rsm;um; tdyf&m0ifMuNyD/
]tif;...ta&;awmfykHawmh w,frvSbl;a[h? ighbufb,fvdkrsm; ppfOD;vSnfhr,f rodbl;..}
olwkdUrsufESmawGMunfhí pdwfxJrSnnf;&if; tomudk,fudk&dkUum tdyfcef;xJ 0ifcJUygonf/
w,f...rMumyg/ cspfa,mu©rupí usL;&ifhvdkuf\/
]xGD..awmom;u vlyg;0vdkU}
]ol...'Dvdkqdk tdrfay:u qif;oGm;yapaygh}
uRefawmfhr,m;u teufzGifhvdkuf\/
]tvum;....0dkrifEdkufZm;...'&ifhum;}
rdef;rvdkufpm; t&uform;[k a,mufzti,fu axmufcHvdkufonf/ oHa,mif
ypfvdkufonf/
olwkdUppfaMumif;udk uRefawmfodygNyD/ uRefawmftdyf&mrS aigufueJxvdkufNyD; 'DaeU
0wfoGm;aom tay:tuÐsb,fbuftdwfxJodkU EIdufvdkufonf/ arat; olUudkvmac:í
&kyf&Sifjy&ef csdef;aompm r&Sdawmh? tif;...rdoGm;jyefNyDaumwvD/
þum; uRefawmf\ayghavsmhrIjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhcspfa,mu©rESifh uRefawmfh r,m;\
oabmxm;ao;odrfrIudkodí pmay;pm,l[lorQ uRefawmfh ]emeD}\tdrfü
vdyfwyfxm;&\/ vmorQ pmawGudkvnf; xdktdrfpmyGJxJrSmyif aomhydwfxm;&\/
rdef;rvufa&;ESifhawGUvQif bmpmbJjzpfjzpf uRefawmfhcspfa,mu©rESifh cspfr,m; onf
qlNyDrSwfayawmh? þodkUvQif þpmrsKd;udk awGUí þenf;ESifESif jzpfonfrsm;rSm
,cktcgonf b,ftBudrfvJyif uRefawmfrrSwfrdawmh/
olwkdUtusifhrSm þtcgrsKd;ü uRefawmfhudkac:í xkacsvTmawmif;avhr&Sd/ þpm onf
&nf;pm;pm jzpf&rnf/ þpmum; r,m;i,ft&myif a&mufaeNyD/ þpmum; pvkH;
a&pçwnf;ponfjzifh rdkufu&dkpukwfESifhMunfhí qkH;jzwfcsufcsonf/
þvdkpGyfpGJcsufrsKd;awGrSm &yfa0;uav;rçrsm;\ ay;pmrsm;aMumifhomr[kwfao;/
OyrmqdktHU/ wcgw&Hü uRefawmfhrSm 0w¦KZmwfvrf; tcsdwftqufvdkaeí rdk;rvif;rD
tdyf&mu xum vrf;avQmuf&if; pOf;pm;&\/ ,if;tcgrsKd; t&yfxJü emrnfysuf&Sdaom
rdef;raeonfh0,f vrf;xJavQmufrdcJUí (olwkdUwGif wGef;wwf wdkufwwfaom wlruav;
rsm;vnf; rGrGBuJ&Sd&m) ¤if;wlruav;rsKd; wa,mufu ]udkMuifaqGBuD;&,f a0vDa0vif;
rSm [dkzifBuD;rçaewJUvrf;xJu xGufvmwm jrifw,fawmh....}[k owif;ydkUvdkufygu
uRefawmfhcspfa,mu©r *sLeD,mr[mynmausmf\ ckH&kH;wGif þaeUeHeuf aerxGufrDyif
(Munfhyg? uRefawmfhcspfa,mu©rtvkyfudk b,favmuf *&kpdkufw,fqdkwm? a&S;r[m
ynmausmf pDeD,mwkef;urS &kH;csdefawGbmawGxm;ayvdrfhrnf/ olum; cPrqdkif;yif)
]w&m;cHiMuifaqGonf nu tdrfurodatmif tdyf&mu xoGm;um [dkvrf;u ydkif;vkH;r
zifBuD;rç tdrfütdyfpufNyD; eHeufrdk;aomufwGif vrf;avQmuf[efaqmifí jyefvmonf/
þpD&ifcsufudk csNyD;aemuf xdkreufü uRefawmfhtwGuf aumfzDr&Sdawmh/ a&csKd;NyD;
aygif'gvl;&ef Al;&SmrawGU? olwkdUrsufESmwkdUonf okef\/ rIef\/ tHBudwf\/ rsufapmif;cJ
\/ ajcvSrf;usJ\/ ajcoHjyif;\/ yef;uefcGufa,mufwkdUudk aqmifhcs\/ uav;wdkUudk
rmefrJ\/ ]tdrfomueHvdkufwm xDG...}[k qdk\/ uRefawmfhudkum; wkduf&dkufpum;rajym
awmh/ apmif;um? &GJUum? csdwfum? ESDrfum? olwkdUcsif;pum;ay; pum;,lESifhom xdk;ppf
qdkifMuawmh\/
cspfa,mu©r/ ]ydkif;vkH;rçu 'grsKd;&SmaewmbJ}
cspfZeD;/ ]oluvJ 'grsKd;irf;irf;wuf...}
a,muf/ ]zifBuD;rç udkath}
ZeD;/ ]'grsKd;awmh 0d&d,aumif;vdkufwm cgwdkif;reuf 8-em&Dawmif tdyf&mu
rxwJUvlu}
a,muf/ ]wPSmudkath? wPSm..ESpfPSm..okH;PSm}
ZeD;/ ]b,favmufay;cJU&r,frodbl;}
a,muf/ ]b,feJrvJath? eHr,fBuD; ydkif;vkH;rçbJ}
ZeD;/ ]rwifa&Tu r[kwfzJeJU ajymrSmr[kwfzl;}
a,muf/ ]aoG;...aoG;...aoG;...aoG;ath? aoG;qdkawmhjrif&ifMum;&if ajymwmbJ}
þtcgüum; uRefwmfrSm olwkdU\Zmwfvrf;yrm em;qifp&mudk aomwtm&kHcH&if;
rdrdtrIoGm; trIvmudkpOf;pm;&ygonf/
zifBuD;rçqdkwm rnfolenf;/ olwkdUaqGrsKd;wodkufrSm teD;ywf0ef;usifrS olwkdUrsuf
rkef;usKd;aom rdef;rrsm;udk zifBuD;rçEdkUum;rç wifaumufrç (rsufESmxm; csKdwwfaom
rdef;rtm;)oNzJrç ponfjzifh vSy,Ofaus;aom emrnfrsm;ay;í ]tck EdkUum;reJU
b,faumifeJU wdwfwdwfykef; jzpfaeNyDath? wifaumufrçu vifBuD;udk uGmr,fawmif
ajymaeNyDawmh? oNzJrçujzifh awGUu&mae&m vifaxmifaewmbJ}[laom ovmb?
tvmbwkdUudk olwkdUtm;vyfcsdefrsm;ü owif;ay; owif;,l jyKavh&SdaomaMumifh
uRefawmfhrSm waeUaeU rdrdbuf ppfOD;vSnfhvmygu yk'fr 5tqGJcH&ovdk udk,fhudk,fudk
bmrIrSef;rod jzpfaerSmpdk;onfESifh wifaumufrçqdkwmb,fol? oNzJrçu b,f0g[k pkHprf;
xm;&ygonf/ ar;jref;xm;&ygonf/ rSwfom;xm;&ygonf/ ,ck zifBuD;rç qdkwmudk
uRefawmfodygNyD/
tif;...uHqdk;csifawmh toGm;rawmfwvkyf? tpm;rawmfwvSrf;? þeHeufcsrf;ü
¤if;zifBuD;rçaeaom vrf;xJodkUyef;uav;awG arT;w,f[k avQmufcJUrd\/ vrf;0txGuf
wGifolwdkUwlr rwifa&T yef;aumufvmonfESifhawGUí EIwfqufcJUao;\/
uJ...trIoabmuawmh tpif;aMumBuD; ay:ygNyD/ ay:awmhaum? uRefawmf
bmwwfEdkifoenf;/ bmrQrwwfEdkifyg/ tu,fwd olwdkUxdk;ppfqifaeonfudk uRefawmf
u cHppfjzifhjiif;qdkygtHU/ uRefawmf\taMumif;jycsuf &Sif;vif;csufudk vufrcH?
olwkdUcsif; ajymaeMuwm [kwfvdkUom rcHEdkifwmaygh}[k qdkNyD; cspfa,mu©ronf
a'gowBuD; ckefayguf\/ ajc&if;tdrfu olUarmifESifh olUa,mufr
Mum;atmifatmfwwf\/ ,if;ü ukvor*¾u ppfrsm;a&mufvmwwf\/ EIwfppfwGif
a,mufru0ifwdkuf\/ olwkdUa&yuf r0ifatmifajymaeonfudk rcHr&yfEdkifvGef;í
aygif;wnfom;owådESifh vufoD;vufarmif; wef;tHU/ uRefawmfhudk,fum,\
okH;qrQ&Sdaom olUarmifa&mufvmrnfwnf;/
onfvdk tjcif;t&mawGjrifí uRefawmfNidrfaevQifum; bmrQajymp&mr&Sd/
]tif;..'DaumifrsKd; [kwfvkdUom acgif;ikHUaewmaygh...}
'Dawmh uRefawmfrSm rdef;uav;wa,muf ,lrdyg? 0HykavG\ acsmif;a&udkaomuf rdaom
odk;i,fuav;jzpfaeyg\/
þodkU om;trdawG wdkufppfqifí a,mu©rrkefwdkif;usaeaom umvüuRefawmfh
udkxrif;[if; cl;cyfay;jcif;r&Sdawmh/ t0wftpm; jyifay;jcif;r&Sdawmh/ wcgw&Hü
0Sufíyifxm;onf/ om;orD;wkdUtm; uRefawmfhtem;ruyf&ef qkH;r\/ eifwkdUtaz
r[kwf[k a<u;aMumf\/
,if;odkU BuKHawGU&bl;aygif; rsm;vwfawmh uRefawmfrSmvJ &dk;aeNyD/ olwkdUjyKrlcsuf udk
w,fNyD; *&krpdkufEdkifawmh/ xrif;udk udk,fh[mudk,fcl;cyfpm;csifpm;? rpm;csifwjcm;pm;/
tdyf&muxvQif avcRefrysuf? aygif'g&dkuf tcsdefrSef? t0wftpm;vJNyD; uRefawmf\
pma&;pmyGJ&Sd&m wtdrfausmfu ]emeD}a*][modkU qif;cJU\/
narSmifarSmif t&ufrl;rl;uav;ESifh tdrfjyefoGm;awmh olwkdUrajym&J/ eHeufyGJrSp \/
odkUaomf þtcgü uRefawmfu eurÜwd/ wcgw&Hü olwkdUrcHEdkifatmif ]uRefawmf
tvGefaysmfwm? cspfoluav;&JU jyefpm&vdkUom aecsifwmvmwm wmwm...}oDcsif;yif
usL;&ifhcJUao;\/
þtcgrsKd;ü olwdkUrcsKyfwnf;awmh/ avSum;0udkajcoHjyif;jyif;ESifh 'kef;pkdif;vmMu NyD;
]tdrfay:u qif;oGm;tNyD;jyefrvmeJU}[k wdkuf&dkufESifMuawmh\/ onfawmhvJ
uRefawmfu avat;ESifhyif...
]cifAsm; ckacwfBuD;rSm tdrf&SifeJUtdrfiSm;awmif ESifwdkif;roGm;bl;As/ qvmrDay;vdkU
aMuat;rS<uwm? tck cifAsm;wkdUeJU uRefawmfeJUu a,mu©reJUoruf? vifeJUr,m; ESifvdkU
om oGm;&r,fqdk&ifjzifh &mZ0ifqdk; trsKd;vluJU&JU awmhrayghtrdwkdU&,f}
onfvdkajymNyD; cspfa,mu©rtHBudwfí ckefvdkufaomtoH b0*fodkUrvQHrD tjrefvpf&yg\/
]aeygtkH; uRefawmfoGm;awmh? uRefawmfhcav;awG b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? ac:oGm;&
rvm;...}[kar;bl;\/ onfawmh ]rac:oGm;&bl;? eifta0;uae pm;p&dwfydkU&ifydkU rydkU&if
igwdkU aqGrsKd;xJu vlawGarG;pm;bdkU ay;ypfvdkufr,f...}[kqdk\/
onfawmh uRefawmfhrSm rdrd&ifaoG;awGudk tb,fvQif olrsm;vufay;tyfEdkifyg tHUenf;/
uRefawmfrSm a,mu©raMumufwmeJU om;orD;pGefUcGm oGm;avmufatmif owåd
aMumifolvnf;r[kwfyg/ þodkUqdkvQif rdwfaqGu ]rif;r,m;rif;ac:oGm;ygvm;}[k
ajymbdkU&Sd\/
olwdkUom;trdu orD;wck? ratwckrdkU woufrcGJwJUcifAsmh/
pifppfrSm uRefawmfhb0onf tvGefyifpdwfnpfbG,faumif;yg\/ odkUaomf uRefawmf
pdwfrnpfawmhacs/ eudkADZtwdkif; aysmf&Tifvsufyif&Sdyg\/ þonfvnf; uRefawmfrSm
trsm;vlwdkUxuf xl;jcm;ír[kwfyg/ Oyrmjy&vQif rdwfaqGtdrfonf tvGef
emNiD;bG,faumif;aom puf&kHBuD;teD;rSm &Sdonfqdkygawmh/ Mum;aeusjzpfaom rdwfaqG
rSm ¤if;puf&kHBuD;u toH&yfem;aevQifyif tdyfraysmfjzpfwwfonfr[kwfygvm;/
xdkUtjyifvnf; uRefawmfh cspfa,mu©rESifh cspfZeD;\ wdkufppfrSm rnfrQyifjyif;xef
aeygap? ajyNidrf;rnfh aeU&ufudk uRefawmf odNyD;jzpfyg\/ tjcm;r[kwf? uRefawmf0w¦K
a&;c&í aiGpçtyfaom tcsdefyifwnf;/ odkUrdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf þtcgrsKd;qdkvQif
ydkí OmPf&Tif\/ ydkívufoGuf\/ uRefawmfhpdwftm&kHrSm wcgwcg uRefawmfhudk,f
uRefawmf tvGefyif ypönf;Opömcsrf;omí bmrQylyifp&mr&Sdaom ay:tl;\q&m olaX;
uav; at;aqGvkyfvdkuf\/ a*:rpGHaomfwmaqG Zmwfvrf;xGifvdkuf\/ arh&nf;pm;
aomfwmaqG zefwD;vdkuf\/ uRefawmfhZmwd Xmaeowd&aomtcgü [pfwvkH;taz
udkwufyk ZmwfuGufazmfvdkuf\/ vlysKdb0 BuKHawGcH&onfwkdUudk ausmfpHau;-jzwfp
vkyfcJU\/
b,fhES,fwkef;? udk,fhb0udk,f rwif;wdrfvQif udk,fhpdwf'ku©a&mufbdkUom &Sdawmh raygh/
'Dawmh rif;uaum jzpfovdk aysmfwwfvdkU [kwfygNyDwJU/ uGm..rifhrdef;raum pdwfcsrf;omrI
&Sd&JUvm;...}vdkU ar;tHU/ r&Sdyg? eJeJuav;rsr&Sdyg/ ,cktdrfu EdkUpdkUuav;ESifh
xGufajy;&onftxdyifjzpfygonf/
tb,faMumifhenf;
]avmuü vlwkdUonf rdrdpdwfcsrf;omrIudk rdrdudk,fuarG;wwfrSrdrd&\/ rarG;wwf vQif
a&TbkHay:rSae&ygap? xdkol qif;&JUtHU}[k uRefawmf qdkcsifygonf/ q,fESpfausmf
aygif;cJUNyDjzpfaom uRefawmfhZeD;\ pdwf"gwfudk uRefawmfaumif;aumif;odonf/ tvGef
pdwftm;i,fwwf\/ aMumufwwf\/ pdk;&Drfwwf\/ vlwef;aph pOf;pm;OmPfr&Sd/ tl\/
xl\/ tl\/ 'gudkolUtaMumif; aumif;aumif;odoltm;vkH;u axmufcHonf/
vifhtvkyfudkem;vnfvdkufykHaum MunfhygtkH;/ uRefawmf wcgw&HtdrfrSm tcef;xJ 0if
pma&;í ]a[h igpma&;aewkef; xrif;pm;vJ vmrac:eJU? aumfzDvJ vmrydkUeJU? igh[m
igqmrS xGufpm;r,faemf}[k rSmxm;\/ þtwdkif;awmh vdkufemygonf/
odkUaomfuav;idk í olacsmhr&aomtcgwkdUü uav;BuD;tcef;xJ qGJoGif;vmum..
]a&mhawmh &SifeJUarG;wJUcav; &SifvJxdef;tkH; wudk,faumif;csnf; BuHraeeJU}
rdwfaqGu uRefawmfrSm pma&;q&mrdkU tdrfwGif pmtkyfpif pmtkyfbD&dkESifh usus ee
&Sdvdrfhr,fxifygovm;/ vJGacsawmhrnf/ uRefawmf tdrf,lvmorQ pmtkyfqdkolU
uav;awGtwGuf upm;p&mvkyfypf\/ b,fpmtkyfrqdk b,fae&mrSm xm;xm; uav;
awmif;vQif idkvQif rqdkif;cPyif ,lay;\/ uav;wkdUum; yxrt&kyfMunfhNyD;? 'kwd,vk
í wwd,qkwfypf\/
uRefawmfhrdef;rum; þudpöudk b,favmufajymajym b,fawmhrSrrSwf/ xyfwvJ vJyif/
olum; pmayem;vnfbdkU aeaeomom/ jrefrmpmrS aumif;pGmrzwfwwf/ zwf&ef vnf;
ravhusifh/ 0goemvnf;rxkH/
vlrIa&;&mwGifvnf; uRefawmfhrSm vli,fpma&;q&mwdkUbm0 uavmifrdwfaqGrç
uav;awG&Sdaeonfudk em;rvnfícGifhrvGwfcsifaeygap/ odkUaomf uRefawmfhü jypfrI
wpkHwck pGyfpGJp&mawGUtHU/ yxrolu uRefawmfhudkar;&rnf r[kwfygvm;/ uRefawmfu
xkacs&rnf/ uRefawmfhajz&Sif;csufudk rauseyfrSom txufckH&kH;jzpfaom olUtar? olUOD;
av;awGwdkif/ vifr,m;awG jyóem[m þvrf;pOftwdkif; oGm;&rnfr[kwfygvm;
cifAsm/ ,ckawmh b,faomtcgrQ uRefawmfhqDu avQmufvJcsuf rawmif;cH/ olUtar
ckH&kH;om wcgxJ wifypfvdkufawmh\/
olUtarum; omrefrsufpdjzifh rjrifEdkifaom a&m*gydk;wkdUudk ajcvuft*FgtpkH tvifESifh
xif&Sm;atmif jyEdkifpGrf;aom rdkufu&dkpukwfac: rSefbDvl;uJUodkU OmPfrsufpd rsKd;&Sdonf[k
olUudk,fol ,kHMunfol jzpfjcif;aMumifh cifAsm;wkdUuRefawmfwkdU rjrifEdkifpGrf; aom udpöudk
olUckH&kH;wGif xif&Sm;í0ufyufaom trIudk qifxdk;rIjzpfonf/ oda[mif;
uRrf;a[mif;awGUojzifh vrf;wGifNyKH;jyrdonfwkdUudk vifi,f r,m;i,faerIjzpfonf/ tysKd
uav;wa,muf &nf;pm;pmtay;cH&NyD; aexdkifraumif;jzpfvQif udk,f0efzsufcs&NyDjzpf
onf/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhtuÐstdwfxJü arat;\&kyf&SifjybdkU csdef;pmawGUoGm;onfudk
]cav;wa,mufyif &avmufNyD}[k olUckH&kH;jzwfxkH;ü pD&ifcsuf csvdkuf[efwlonf/
om;trdESpfa,muf xdknyif tjyif;txef wdkufppfqifMuygawmhonf/
rdcif/ ][if..&kyf&Sifrjycif b,favmf*sifoGm;rvJ}
orD;/ ]ol narSmifrSjyefvmwm rmrD&JU}
rdcif/ ]tm;eJvmw,f? oltcktdyfNyD}
orD;/ ]ydkufqHb,favmufukefvdkufrvJ rodbl;? &kyf&Sifb,ftwef;ujyrvJ}
rdcif/ ]0,fjcrf;ay;&wmvJ&SdtkH;rSaygh}
orD;/ ]aumifrav; ausmif;aewm wvw&mawmhaxmuf&rSmbJ}
rdcif/ ]rMumcif 'yfz&ifa&mufrSmygat}
tif;...uRefawmf,ckrS pdwfoufom&m&oGm;onf/ olUckH&kH;jzwfxkH;wGif uRefawmf
xifouJUodkU cav;wa,muf&avmufNyD r[kwfao;wum;/ 'yfz&if (om;zGm;&kH) ydkUbdkU
vrf;pOfavmufyif &Sdao;onf/ awmfao;wmaygh/
olwkdUom;trdrSm uRefawmf0w¦Ka&;í wvrnfírnfrQom&ygonfqdkonfudk r,kH/
tuefUtowfr&Sd &aevsuftdrfay;csifoavmufomay;í tjcm;ü rdef;rESifh t&ufwGif
ukefcsifoavmuf ukefaeonf[k a,mu©rjzwfxkH;rSmyif&Sd\/ tcsKdUolwdkUaqG
rsKd;xJuvnf; uRefawmfh0ifaiGrSm 0efBuD;csKyfvcxufrenf;aMumif; wGef;xm;olu &Sdao;
\/
uRefawmfu a&;abmfrsm;jzpfMuaom om"kar;yg/ wifhw,far;ygqdkvnf; ]eifwkdU
vdk[mcsif; twlwlaygh} 'gjzifh ]udkausmfar;}qdkjyefvnf; ]oluaum bmrdkUwkef;? 'DykwfxJ
u 'DyJaygh}
uRefawmfESifhaygif;vQif (olwdkUaqGrsKd;xJurSwyg;) vlaumif;r[kwf[k a,mu©r
jzwfxkH;wGif&Sd\/ r,kHvQifuRefawmfhtdrf wcgwacgufvma&muf vnfywfMuyg/
uRefawmfrSm xdknü a,mu©rjzwfxkH;wGif ]rMumcif 'yfz&ifa&mufrSmygat} avmufom
awGU&ojzifh ajrSmfvifhwmxuf oufomaeí ]awmfao;wmaygh}[k ESpfodrfhrd um reuf
olwkdUwdkufyGJrprD apmapmvpfajy;Edkif&ef t&ufrl;rl;ESifh olwkdUtoHawG quf
vufem;aomwrqifawmhbJ apmifacgif;NrD;NcKHí tdyfvdkufygawmhonf/
rdk;aomufü olwkdUtm;vkH; tdyf&murxrD tdrfay:rSqif;cJUí emeDqDa&mufaom tcgü
nu a,mu©rrkefwdkif;usykHudk reuf owif;tjzpfESifh ajymjyygonf/ þodkU
ajymjyonfrSm rjzpfpzl; xl;xl;qef;qef;rdkU r[kwfyg/ emeDtzdkUrSmvnf; Mum;&aygif;rsm;
aeí &dk;aeygNyD/ odkUaomf uRefawmfqdkvdkonfrSm ]emeD uRefawmf emeDtdrfrSm xrif;pm;
&r,f}[k aom t"dyÜm,fyifjzpfygonf/
a,mu©rta&;awmfykHBuKHcdkufü aus;Zl;&SifawGudk arhxm;írjzpfao;/ emeDESifh trBuD;
cifrsKd;cspfwkdUtjyif ,ck 52ckESpfü ta&;ay:vQif rSDcdk&ef topfawGUxm;onfrSm
pma&;q&m jroef;? Munfvif? atmifvif;? ausmfatmifwdkU aeMuaom udkoef;wif-
a':jrjr\tdrfjzpfygonf/ uRefawmftcsdefra&G; xrif;oGm;pm;Edkif\/ tcgrvifh
oGm;a&muftdyfpufEdkif\/ vGefcJUaom okH;vavmufuyif ta&;awmfykHwckaMumifh ESpfv
rQ oGm;a&muf cdkatmif;cJUbl;NyD/
(þrQazmfjyonfESifhyif udkoef;wifESifh &Jabmfwpkonf ,ck0w¦KtwGuf uRefawmfh
a,mu©ryGufyGufnHonfü uRefawmfrSm rsufESmuav; pyfNzJNzJESifh olwkdUtdrfodkU
a&mufvmawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; od&SdaeMuygvdrfhrnf/)
þodkUuRefawmftdrfrSmem;ylvSí pmra&;Edkif pdwfrul;EdkifjzpfaomaMumifh tjcm;ü tdyfum
pm;umaeaomtcgwdkUü cspfa,mu©ronf uRefawmfhudk,fpm; olUorD;udknSif;qJ awmh\/
][JU azr? eifhvif eifhypfoGm;NyD? eifhcav;awGwNyKHBuD;eJU b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? eifhvif
tckr,m;i,feJUaysmfyg;aeNyD od&JUvm;}
orD;uvnf; rdcifjzwfxkH;udk cRif;csufr&Sd,kHMunf\/
þtajcawGudk odí uRefawmfuudk,fhrSm om;r,m;&SdvsufESifh wjcm;oGm;tdyfwm
roifhavsmf[k nawmh tdyfaysmfwkef;em;at;ygw,favqdkNyD; tdrfjyeftdyf? usD;uef;ESifh
olwdkUrEdk;rDjyefqif;/ onfawmhvnf;...
][JUazr? eifhvifu ntdyf&kHom vmtdyfNyD; reufjyefqif;oGm;awmh eifbmjzpfae
NyDvJod&JUvm;}
b,fvdkrStrsufrvGwfyg/ trsKd;rsKd;ql\/ qJ\/ usdef\/ wcgw&H&dkufESuf\/ 'gudk
vnf; olUorD;u olUtarudk pdwfrysufEdkif&Sm/ xl;jrwfaom OmPfBuD;&Sif rdcif\jzwfxkH;
trsKd;rsKd;udkom oabmusumaecJU\/
,ckarat;\ &kyf&Sifjyóem raMuat;rD uRefawmfjynfawmfomcsDwuf&ef
t0wftpm;jyifvdkufonfh trIum;? rdkufu&dkpukwf r[mynmausmf*sLeD,m\ ckH&kH;wGif
]arat;ESifh uRefawmfonf udk&D;,m;ppfajrjyiftxd [efeD;rGef;xGufrnfjzpfí wwd,
urÇmppfBuD;rNyD;rcsif; jyefa&mufvdrfhrnfr[kwf}[k jzwfxkH;jyKvdkufavovm;rod/
w&m;vdkrç yifvQif olUtrIol qufvufremcHEdkifawmhbJ azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; pmwapmif
a&;í tcgvnfausmf orD;uav;ESifh tdrfuxGufajy;ygawmhownf;/
uJ...uRefawmf r,m;aysmufu,fwJU....&Sm&awmhrnf/
uRefawmftpyxrü uRefawmfh rdef;rudk w,ft,kHtMunfr&SdvSbJ? a0;a0;awmh
roGm;wef&m? nmwmjzpf&rnf[k ukwifatmufüvnf;aumif;? tdrfatmufu
xif;ykHMum;üvnf;aumif;? vufESdyf"gwfrD;ESifh xdk;&Smao;onf/ aemufrS0g;c,frvrf;u
olUaqGrsKd;rsm;tdrfudk oGm;ar;\/ rawGUcJU/ tvJU-ighrdef;r wu,frsm; ajy;wmbJvm;/
0rf;om&rvdkvdk? csD;rGrf;&rvdkvdk/
uRefawmfrtlyifvrf;xdyf jyefa&mufaomtcg olwkdUtrsKd;tEG,fwa,mufjzpf aom
uav;ru uRefawmhfrdef;rudk olUcJtdkudkndKBuD;u r[mNrdKifvrf;wGifawGUí
b,foGm;rvJar;&m? vG,ftdwfwvkH;? uav;wa,mufESifh tajzra&&mojzifh tdrfjyef &ef
qdkufum;ay:wifvTwfvdkufonf/ odkUaomf ,cktdrfjyefra&mufao;aMumif; owif;& \/
uRefawmftdrfay:jyefwufaomtcgü uRefawmfha,mu©rESifh olUarmif&Sdae\/
uav;rsm;tm;vkH;Edk;MuNyD/ uRefawmfhom; [ddwfwmac: ausmfausmf[pfwvkH;u...
]a[h eifhaemfaemf r&Sdawmhbl;uG? aumifav;wa,mufcufygNyDa[h}[k olUnDbwf
pwmac:aomfaomfudk &efpç&m tdyf&mrSxcgp taumifu idkrJUrJUjyKonfwGif uRefawmfh
orD;tBuD;qkH; 'ify,fvfaqG &SpfESpforD;u...
][JU..ausmfausmfuvJ rpçeJU[,f..aomfaomfridkeJU odvm;? aemfaemfu aomfaomf idkvdkU
pdwfnpfoGm;wm? aomfaomf ridkawmhbl;qdkrS jyefvmrSmwJUaemf...vm? wdwfwdwf
aumfzDaomuf&atmif}
cgwdkif;tdyf&mux ratudkcRJNyD;idkavh&Sdaom okH;cgvnfcGJ&G,fvnf; rdcifr&SdrIudk
em;vnfum ridkr,dkbJ aumif;pGmem;axmif\/ (,ckuRefawmf pma&;aecsdefxd okH;&uf&Sd
NyD/ rdcifrvmao;yg/ odkUaomf olwdkUrqlrylrS ratuvmrnf[k ajymxm;aomaMumifh
olwkdU aumif;rGefqdwfNidrfpGm aeMu\/ cgwdkif;uJUodkU aps;onfvmylpmjcif;? ydkufqHawmif;
jcif;? tdyf&mxidk,dkjcif;? nDtudk&efjzpfjcif;rsm; rjyKawmhNyD/ ausmfausmfu ausmif;oGm;csdef
oGm;? jyefcsdefjyef? aomfaomfu tdrfrSmzGm;atESifh aumif;rGefpGmae\/ wcgwavü
]aemfaemfa&...&mygawmh..&mygawmh...aomfaomf idkawmhbl;}[k oDcsif;qdk\/ þtcgü
olUzGm;at uRefawmfha,mu©rBuD; rsuf&nfus\/)
uRefawmfwdkU&SmazGa&;udk aqG;aEG;Mu\/ tefu,fvfu ,ckolUom;tm; uefawmf BuD;ESifh
tif;vsm;uef ywfaom 0dkif,mvufpf um;rsm;udk owif;ay;&ef armfawmf qdkifu,fESifh
vTwfvdkufNyD/ xdkUaemuf &efukef&SdolwkdU aqGrsKd;tdrfawGvdkufar;rnf/ ,ck uRefawmfwkdUu
*wfudk wdkifxm;&ef vdkaMumif;ajymonfESifh uRefawmfha,mu©rESifh uRefawmfyif
oifhjrwfpGm tdk;bdk*wfodkU vmMuonf/
*wfxJu xGufvmNyD;aemuf uRefawmfowd&í....
]atm....tefwD? ol uRefwmfhudk pdefb&m;om;wdkuf ydkUygydkUygeJU rMumcPajymbl; w,f?
oltJU'Drsm;oGm;rvm;? vm...vdkufacsMu&atmif}
]pdefb&m;om;u 0yfqifwdkuf ajymif;NyD;rS olwcgrSra&mufzl;bl; oGm;wwfygh rvm;...}
]'Dvdkar;prf;oGm;rSmayghAsm? vmyg vdkufMu&atmif}qdkNyD; bwfpfum;ay:wufMu\/
pdefb&m;om;ESifholwkdU aqGrsKd;awmfygonf/
tdk;bdk*wf a&SUrS pdefb&om;wdkuf&Sd&m yef;qdk;wef;ta&muf? bwfpfum;pD;&onf rSm
vlvnf;roufom? tcsdefvnf;MumvSyg\/ þtwGif;ü orD;a,mu©r ESpfa,muf
wa,mufwa,muf pum;rajymMu/ uRefawmfhpdwfwGif tysufysufESifh wpxufwpaom
uvIdifí vmygNyD/
olwdkUaqGrsKd;rsm; wtdrftdrf oGm;a&mufaeygu awmfao;/ EdkUr[kwfvQif
uRefawmfhorD;tcgvnfausmfuav;eJU nOfhtcsdef b,fvdktdyf? b,fvdkaeMurSmwJUvJ/
uRefawmfhr,m;rSm touftpdwfrQom &Sdygao;onf/
&l;&l;rdkufrdkufESifh a&xJqif;ívnf;aumif;? tjcm;wenf;enf;ESifhvnf;aumif;?
olUudk,folowfaotHU/ uRefawmfhorD;uav;uaum..../
uRefawmfh&ifrSmqdkUí vnfacsmif;xJutyfvmygonf/ 'DaeUrawGU eufzefus&if awmh
owif;pmxJ xnfh&rSmbJ/ owif;pmxJaMumfjimawmh "mwfykHvdkw,f/ [if...olUBuD;
rS&dkufwJU"mwfykHvJ r&Sdbl;/ 'ku©bJ.../
odkUawG;&if; aqG;&if;ESifh uRefawmfonf avmua&;&mü b,frQrdkufaomaumifyg enf;/
Munfhyg/ r,m;aysmufí pdwfnpfae&wJUtxJu [mo0w¦Kwyk'fudk tuGuf&dkufrd
jyefonf/ 0w¦Kemrnfudku ]r,m;aysmuf}wJU/
0w¦KZmwfvrf;tprSm uRefawmfaomfwmaqG ar\&nf;pm;onfaru ,ckaemuf
qkH;ay:rSefEdkifvGef0,fay;ygqdkonfESifh aiG 50d-cefUvdkae\/ udkausmfqDoGm;awmif;cef;
xnfhonf/r&/ owif;pmwapmif aumufzwfvdkuf&m...
r,m;aysmufaMumfjim
qkaiG 50dESifh 100d
þ"mwfykHyg uRefawmf\r,m; pDeDrmonf (ujym;r[kwf Armryifjzpfonf/
odkUaomf&kyf&Sif 0goemygvSí ]pDeDrm}[krSnfhxm;onf/) Mo*kwfv 4-&uf jynfawmfom
aeUu uRefawmf jynfawmfomodkU csDwuf&cdkuftdrfrS xGufoGm;onf/ awGU&Sdí ae&mXme
udk vma&mufowif;ay;ygu 50d/ odkUr[kwf tdrfta&mufydkUygu qkaiG 100d-ay;ygrnf/
(ykH)xGef;ausmf
(atmufu olUtdrfvdyfpm)
uRefawmfu ]uJ..oef;aqG rif;vJbdkifusaew,fvm...? igeJU 'Drdef;r vdkuf&Sm& atmif
awGU&if wa,mufw0ufaygh}
oef;aqGu olUtrlt&mtwdkif; ai;aMumifaMumifae&mrS...
]b,foGm;vdkuf&SmrvJuG? &efukefNrdKUBuD;rsm; rif;a,mu©ra&csKd;cef;avmuf
atmufarhaevm;}
]'DaumifvJ tç&efaum? olU'DaMumfjimxJ Munfhygvm;uG? &kyf&SiftvGef0goemygvdkU
pDeDrmvdkU awmifrSnfhxm;&w,f qdkawmh &kyf&Sif&kHwef; avQmufMunfh&kHayghuG? vm...? tck
&kyf&SifjyefcsdefeD;aeNyD}
odkUESifh 'Daumifygvm&m xdkrdef;rudk tqifoifhyif uGefwDeifw,fatmuf MumZH
[if;cg;aomufaeonfudk awGU&av\/
uRefawmfu owif;pmjzefUum...
]uJ "mwfykHeJU ,SOfMunfhprf;uG}
]at;...? [kwfw,fuG}
]'Dawmh&if tck 'dkUuGefwDe,fw,f atmufrSmMumZH[if;cg;aomufaew,fvdkU ajreDukef;
udkxGef;ausmf tdrfoGm;ajymvdkuf&kHeJU aiG 50d awmh&aeNyDuG}
]'Drdef;ru 'Dae&mu xroGm;awmhbl;wJUvm;}
]xwm rxwm 'dkUtvkyfr[kwfzl;av? olUaMumfjimxJrSmu 'DrSmMunfh ]awGU&Sd&mXm eudk
vma&mufowif;ay;ygu 50d}qdkw,fbJuG}
][... 'gu olvdkufMunfhvdkU awGUrSajymwmayghuG? EdkUr[kwf&if [dkvluvJ udkxGef; ausmf
cifAsm;rdef;r *vkyf&kHatmufawGUcJUw,f? 'DvluvJ yav'D,ef&kHa&SU awGUcJUw,f
ajym&kHeJUaiG 50d-50d ay;ae&&if 'DudkxGef;ausmfu olUr,m;aysmufudpötwGuf tD;-pD-at
u tultnDay;xm;wmrdkUvm;ug? olUcrsmjynfawmfomudk csDwufcJU&w,f qdkawmh
omrefvcpm;uav; jzpfygvdrfhr,fuGm}
uRefawmfonf oef;aqGajymonfudkoabmaygufum....
]at;...? 'gvJpOf;pm;p&mbJuG}
þae&mü uRefawmfh0w¦KoGm; uRefawmfoabmusíNyKH;vkdufrd&m ab;csif;,SOfxdkif
aeaom cspfa,mu©rtMunfhESifh qkHrdoGm;avojzifh...
]'rf...qGdKif;...}[kyPmrcHvdkufNyD; ]eifuaemufr,m;eJU ususeeae&awmhrSmrdkU?
w,f0rf;omaeayghav}
uRefawmf &kwfw&uf aMumifwufwufjzpfoGm;um...
]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm}
]r[kwfzJeJU eif 'DvdktcgrSm NyKH;Edkifovm;? eifuawmh aysmfvdkU? ighorD;uawmh
b,fae&mrSm bmjzpfaevJ rod&ao;bl;}
]uRefawmfhorD;av;vJygoGm;ygw,fAsm...}
]eifhorD;u ighajr;yg[JU}
]cifAsm;orD;u uRefawmfhr,m;ygAs}
]eifu 'Dr,m; aoapcsifaewm r[kwfvm;}
]awmfAsm...awmfAsm}
MumvQif orD;a,mu©rESpfa,muf bwfpfum;ay:xowfMurnfh taygufa&muf rSmpdk;í
avQmhay;vdkuf&ygonf/
[kwfyg\/ uRefawmf þtcgrsKd;NyKH;vdkufrdwmu vGefvSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
avmuwHxGmtavsmuf r,m;aysmufpdwfnpfonfhykH okefrIefí aevdkuf&jyefawmhonf/
þae&mrSm vwåmvrf;odkU a&mufaeavNyD/
odkUaomf vlUxkH;pHESifh *G*vefUusvSaom uRefawmfrSm MumMumokefrIefíaeí
r&awmhjyefyg/ r*dkvrf;tausmfü tcke0w¦KaMumif; jyefpOf;pm;rdjyefawmhonf/ ZmwfuGuf
xJ jyefa&mufoGm;jyefawmhonf/
]a[h...oef;aqG? 'gjzifh b,fhES,fvkyfrvJuG? olUoGm;acsmhac:&aumif;rvm;}
]tdrfraecsifvdkU xGufvmwm rif;u oGm;acsmhac:&atmif rif;r,m;rdkUvdkUvm;}
]'Dvdk*GrajymeJUuGm? &mwefpuúLBuD; a&SUem;a&mufaewm vufvGwfoGm;yghr,f?
igajymwmu 'Dvdk 'D"gwfykHeJU aMumfjimolUjyNyD;awmh ]cifAsm; 'gawGUNyD;NyDvm;?
udkxGef;ausmf wa,mufjzifh odyf'ku©a&mufaeNyD? olUudk,fol
owfaor,fawmifajymaew,f? oem;yg w,fAsm?
tdrfjyefvdkufyg}vdkUawmif;yefwmayghuG? awmif;yefr&vdkU olrjyefbl;qdkawmh
olb,frSmaeovJqdkwm od&atmif aemufa,mifcHvdkufMunfhayghuG}
]at;...'Dvkdqdk jzpfEdkifw,f}
]vm....vm...oGm;r,f? ieJr MumqH[if;cg;aomufNyD;oGm;NyD}
MumqH[if;cg;qdkifrS xdkrdef;r EIwfcrf;okwftxü uRefawmfonf owif;pmrS
olU"mwfykHudkuGif;jyum...
]'DrSm 'g...cifAsm;"mwfykHr[kwfvm;}
xdkrdef;r tHUtm;oifhum...
][if..[kwfw,f? b,folursm; bmvkyfxnfhvdkufwmygvdrfh? usrvufa&;wdk
ausmif;vJraebl;ygbl;? 'lvmvdyfacgif;vJ rxGufzl;ygbl;}
]'DrSmMunfhav}[kqdkum uRefawmfu r,m;aysmufaMumfjimqkaiG 50dESifh 100dqdk qm
jzefUjyvdkufygonf/
pmudkzwfNyD; xdkrdef;rtBuD;tus,f a'gyGum...
]tr,fav;...'gxGef;ausmfu usrudkoufouf apmfum;wm? b,frvJ tck
'Daojcif;qdk;acG;rsKd;? awGUrSyg;eif;qkwfr,f}
olwkdUcsif; yg;eif;qkwf&kHru? em;&GufawGygjzKwfypfypf? uRefawmfwkdU wm0efrSm
udkxGef;ausmfqD ac:oGm;&efomjzpfjcif;aMumifh...
]olUtdrfrSmaygh vmav uRefawmfwkdUvdkufydkUr,f}
]tdk...csufcsif;oGm;&Sif;rS? vmoGm;r,f}
xdkrdef;ronf a'gESifharmESifh uRefawmfwdkUa&SUuyif ajreDukef;um;&Sd&modkU oGm;av onf/
uRefawmfESifh oef;aqGonf olUaemufrSvdkufum...
]b,fhES,fvJuG oef;aqG? aiGw&mrsm;vJ vG,fvdkufcsifawmh...[if? AdkvfausmfqD om
awmif;ae&r,fqdk&if 10dawmif &tkH;rSmrIwfzl;}
cyfwkd;wdk;ajymcJUygonf/
udkxGef;ausmf tdrfa&SUa&mufaomtcgü xdkrdef;ronf owif;pmudkudkifí a'gESifh armESifh
0ifum tdrfa&SUtoifhawGUaeaomvltm;}
]'DrSm udkxGef;ausmf &SifubmoabmeJU usrudk'Dvdkapmfum;wmvJ}
odkUaomf xdkvlu awmif;yefaomrsufESmESifh...
]onf;cHyg rpDpDrm? cifAsm;nDrpDeDrm[m uRefawmfhudk bmvdkUpdwfaumufvJ rodbl;?
waeUubJ tdrfuxGufoGm;w,f? tJ'gjyefrvmvdkU owif;pmxJ aMumfjimbdkUus awmh
olU"mwfykHu tdrfrSmrawGUbl;? cifAsm;wkdUnDtrcsif;u "mwfykHcsif;vJxm;awmh? &kyfcsif;
wax&mxJbJav rxl;ygbl;qdkNyD; cifAsm;"mwfykHbJ xnfhvdkufwmyg}
odkUwdkif rpDpDrSm pdwfrajyEdkifbJ..
]&Sifu &Sifhrdef;r"mwfykHusr tdrfrSm vm,lygvm;&Sif}
]'gowdawmh&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh tusKd;taMumif;ajymjyae&awmh cifAsm;wkdU nDtrcsif;
pdwfaumif;jzpfaerSmpdk;vdkUyg}
]tr,fav; pdwfraumif;rjzpfygbl;awmf? usrnDreJU &Sifhvdk t&uform;eJUom
uGJoGm;r,fqdk&if odef;xDaygufoavmuf 0rf;ajrmufygw,f? usrwdkU aqGrsKd;awGu &Sifhudk
MunfjzLvdkUrsm; MunfhaeMuw,frSwfovm;? cav; av;a,mufeJU cGJrjzpfvdkUom
od&JUvm;? tckvdk usrnDru xGufoGm;w,fqdkawmh 0rf;omygw,f? usrnDrudk
csD;MuL;yg w,f? cav;awGvJ &SifrauR;Edkif&ef a&Smufay;ypfvdkufr,f/ usrwdkU aqGrsKd;xJ
csrf;om wJU vlawGjynfhvdkU? &mxl;BuD;eJUwdkufBud;wmBuD;eJUqdkifBuD;uem;BuD;eJU?
om;orD;r&SdvdkU vdkcsifaeMuwmawG tykH}
uRefawmfh0w¦KZmwfuGuf rqkH;ao;yg? pdefb&m;om;wdkuf&Sd&m yef;qdk;wef;odkU
a&mufonfESifh uRefawmfhacgif;xJü pdwful;jywfí orD;a,mu©rESpfa,muf bwfpfum;
ay:rS qif;cJU&ygawmhonf/
"e&SifaMu;&wwftdrfrsm; cufvSonf/ pdefb&m;om; 0ZD&m wdkufrsufESmpm\
vusmfbufpGef "mwfqDa&mif;aom ukvm;&Sdonfhtcef;uav;rS tay:xyfavSum;udk
wuf&m? ukvm;u wm;jrpfojzifh ][JU...igwkdUaqGrsKd;yg[JU} uRefawmfha,mu©ru
ajymaomfvnf; r&? okH;xpfavmuf a&mufrSjyefqif;&ygonf/
]oGm;...[dktxJrSm b&m;qyfqD t&ifoGm;acsyg..}[k qdkojzifh pdefb&m;om;ti,f
udkausmfpdef&Sd&m qdkifcef;xJ0ifoGm;&ygonf/
udkausmfpdefudk ]aemfrm vmovm;}ar;í ]rvmbl;}ajymuwnf;u uRefawmfjyef
csifvSygNyD/ odkUaomf a,mu©ru a&mufvdkU&SdrS vlBuD;awGqD oGm;tkH;rSqdkojzifh udkausmf
pdef avSum;0xdatmif vdkufydkUí tay:xyfodkU wufcGifh&cJUygonf/
a&mufvQif pdefb&m;om;wdkUtazBuD;u ,ckolwkdU\ wOD;wnf;aomajr;uav; rSm
emrusef;jzpfaeí q&m0efay;&wmudk rqdkxm;ESifhaeUemhpf 20d? nemhpf 25-usyf
ay;&onfyif aiG 700d ausmfoGm;NyDjzpfaMumif; nutdyfysufMuí paumhaps;qdkifcGJ oGm;&
rnfjzpfaom orD; roDoDwdkU rMunfMunfwdkUyif ,ck 9-em&DcGJonfwdkifatmif roGm;&
ao;aMumif;? rif;wkdUBuD;BuD; raiGcifqdkvQif tdyf&mrSyif rxao;aMumif;? atmf...om;ajr;
rsm; emrusef;jzpf&if w,fvlBuD;awG 'ku©a&mufwmbJ ponfh yPmrcHaeaomaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkU orD;aysmuf r,m;aysmuf udpöuav; tawmfMumyif at;xm;&ygao;
onf/ aemuftcGifh&í ajymaomtcgvnf;...
]Mo...'Dawmh rvmbl;uGJU? a0;a0;awmh oGm;r,frxifaygifuG,f? teD;yg;em;
aqGrsKd;awGtdrfrSmbJ aeygvdrfhr,f? tckavmuf&Sd tdrfjyefa&mufcsifawmif a&mufaer,f?
igawmh 'DvdkbJxifw,fa[h? rif;wkdUtdrfjyefoGm; awGUrSmygbJ? awGUygapuG,f igarwåmydkU
vdkufygw,f..}[laom aumif;csD;Mobmudk cH,l&vsuf vifrepfwykvif; zefcGufi,fESpfck
cGJxnfhxm;onfudk orD;a,mu©rESpfa,muf wa,mufwcGufpD aomufNyD;jyefcJU&av\/
vrf;cGodkU a&mufMuaomtcgü b,fodkU b,fvrf;jref;MutkH;rvJ aqG;aEG;Mu&m
uRefawmfu..
]cspfuJif; &efukefaqGrsKd;awGtdrf vdkuf&SmvdkUrawGU&if uRefawmfwnifbuf ul;r,fav}
oHvsifrSmvnf; olwkdUaqGrsKd;vufusefrsm; &Sdao;\/
]atmf..'geJU rif;uefawmfBuD; bkwfuvyfem;ut,fvdwftdrf oGm;vdkufygtkH;}
]cspfuJiif;...oGm;vdrfhr,fr[kwfvm;}
]'Dtdrfawmh oloGm;r,f r[kwfzl;uGJU}
taMumif;rSm t,fvdwfonf uRefawmfhrdef;rtazbufu aqGrsKd;jzpf\/
uRefawmfha,mu©r uG,fvGefol rpöwmqpf'eDbJ&dk;\ nDrpöwmt,fvdwfbJ&dk; ,ck
v,f0efjzpf\/
]aumif;NyDav...uRefawmfoGm;vdkufr,f? tJ'DroGm;cif uRefawmf &Ir00ifydkufqH
awmif;tkH;r,f? tefwDjyefESifh? cspfuJuif;eJUawGUvdkU taMumif;xl;&if uRefawmf&Ir0rSm
&Sdr,fajymvdkufaygh}
___
&Ir0wdkuf 0ifvdkufvQifyif r,m;aysmufzl;bdkU rqdkxm;ESifh &nf;pm;pmrSaysmufzl;
[efrwlao;aom oef;aqGaoemaumif uav;u...
]a[;....aomfwmaqG rif;ighvufzuf&nf wdkuf&vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmfrSm olUrcsKdrcsOf rsufESmudkeudktpOf aomufjrifuyfoljzpfonfESifh...
]rif; vufzuf&nfrwdkufzJ e&if;tkyfaum...rNyD;bl;vm;}
]taumif;ajymq&m...rkefUygrSmvdkuf}
]bmvdkUvJ rif;ta': iga*:vdkU vmbfxdk;&rSmvm;}
]at;...'gjzifhae a[m'DrSm aumifrav; wa,mufu rif;vm&if zkH;qufcdkif;ygqdk NyD;
zkH;eHygwfay;xm;w,fq&m&JU}
]a[h...oef;aqG? 'gu rif; igt&l;vkyfzdkU ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu xGifcJUwJUtvkH;awGyg uGm?
&dk;vdkU aqG;awmifaeygNyD}
]at;...'gjzifh eifiwf? aumifrav;u 11-em&DausmfvdkUrS eifrvm&if tdrfvdkuf
ac:ay;ygvdkU rSmxm;w,f odvm;? igu tck 'Daumifrav;qD aomfwmaqG aoNyDvdkU
zkH;qufvdkuftkH;r,f}
olu zkH;aumufudkifonfü
]a[h...rifh jyufvkH;uav;awG[m igeJUaygif;vdkU tawmftwefwdk;wufygw,fuGm?
'gayr,fh igtcktcsdefrSm rif;udk *kPfjyKraeEkdifbl;/ igtifrwefpdwfnpfaew,f}
]a[...rif;&kyfBuD;vm; pdwfnpfwJU&kyf? rif;vdk aumifursm; pdwfnpf&rSef; odao; ovm;}
a[h..wu,fajymwmuG? tckreuf ighrdef;reJU cav;ti,fav;tdrfu xGufoGm; vdkU
udkausmfb,frSmvJ udkausmf}
]t[....[m;...t[[m;}
þwGifrS acG;aumifuav;onf olU&nf;pm;vif,loGm;ojzifh &kwfw&uf&l;oGm;
ovdkus,favmifpGm &,farmvdkufNyD;
]udkausmfa& a[mh'DrSmaomfwmaqG&,f? olUrdef;rtdrfu xGufoGm;w,fqdkNyD; cifAsm;qD
ydkufqHawmif;&atmif vmjyefNyD? t&ifwavmuvJ olt&ufbdk; r&Sdwmudk
cav;toJtoef rrmvdkUwJU}
uRefawmf &kwfw&uf pdwfqdk;ovdk jzpfrdum...
]Munfhprf; Adkif;'gr vifav;? igwu,fajymaewmudk..}
udkausmfonf pufcef;xJrS xGufvmum...
]75 u,fbJajymajym 'Dwcgawmh r&bl;? udk&ifa&U}
]bk&m;...bk&m;..cifAsm;uyg r,kHbl;? 'DrSmMunfhprf;? uRefwmfhrdef;r a&;cJUwJUpmAs}
tdwfxJupmudk xkwfjyvdkufygonf/ odkUaomf udkausmfu w,fta&;rpdkufvSbJ...
]rMunfhygbl;Asm? usKyfvJ 'DpmrsKd;a&;r,fqdk a&;wwfrSmbJ}
][m...udkausmf&m cifAsm;u uRefawmfh[m uRefawmfa&;vmwmrsm; xifaeovm;? 'DrSm
uRefawmfhrdef;rvufa&;tppfAs? uRefawmfhrdef;rvufa&;? tckolUudk &SmrawGUbl;}
]'gjzifh tcke zkH;qufrSmxm;wm cifAsm; rdef;rrsm;jzpfaervm;}
olUpum;rqkH;rD uRefawmfrsufvkH;udkNzJum...
]Asm'gjzifh [dkacG;rom;av;ajymwm wu,fbJvm;}
]wu,fbJ acG;rom;BuD;&JU}[k oef;aqGu jyefwG,fum zkH;eHygwfay;ojzifh uRefawmf
aumufqufvdkuf&ygonf/
][JUvdk...b,fuygvJ}
]&Ir0 wdkufuyg}
]atm...OD;aomfwmaqG a&mufNyDvm;}
rdef;roH odkUaomf uRefawmfhrdef;rtoHr[kwfyg/
]uRefawmfygbJ .... b,folygvJ cifAsm}
]tdk;..tudkaqG...arat;av}
bk&m;...bk&m;...ta&;xJ r[0Sm.../ uRefawmf rsufvkH;jyL;oGm;ygonf/
]bmudpövJarat;}
]'DrSm tudkaqG cspfoufa0 bdkifpukwf odyfaumif;wmbJwJU}
]tif;....ajymMuwmbJ}
]bmvJ..tudkaqGu at;pufpufeJU arat;Munfhcsifw,f? vdkufjyyg tckaeUcif;yGJ trSD
vmac:yg}
]'D&uftwGif;rSm cspfoufa0 odyfMuyfw,f arat;? 3-4 usyfwef; awGawmif 3-4
&ufpm jynfhjynfhaew,f? aemuftywfrsm;rS MunfhyguG,f}
][ifhtif;...[ifhtif;.... cspfoufa0 rMunfh&&if 'djyift*Fvdyfum;awGjy? 'DaeU
jynfawmfomaeUBuD; ausmif;ydwfxm;wm? arat; odyfysif;w,fuG,f vmac:yg tudkaqG?
&kyf&SifrjycsifvJ wd&pämef&kH oGm;Mu&atmifaemf}
tif;...
]'DaeU tudkaqG rtm;bl;uG,f}
]bmvdkUrtm;&wmvJ tudkaqGu pma&;csifwJUaeUrSm a&;w,f ra&;csifwJUaeUrSm
tm;w,fqdk? tckrS bmjzpfoGm;&wmvJ tudkaqG arat;udk rkef;oGm;NyDvm;? rkef;&ifrkef;
w,fajym od&JUvm;? [ifh vlrsm;uawmh...}
cuf&csnfh bk&m;rav;a&...
]tudkaqG..rrkef;ygbl; nDrav;&,f}
]rrkef;&if bmjzpfvkdUvJ? tudkaqG tdrfu r,m;BuD;aMumuf&vdkUvm;? 'gjzifh tudkaqGu
r,m;aMumufBuD;aygh}
þae&mü tdrfrSm udk;,dk;um;,m; jzpfae&wJUtxJ axmif;ueJa'goxGufoGm;yg onf/
]r,m;aMumufvdkUr[kwfzl;a[h? r,m;aysmufaevdkU od&JUvm;}
]bm&,f...tudkaqG r,m;aysmufaew,f....[kwfvm;}
]at;...}
]b,fwkef;uvJ}
]tckreufzJ tdrfuxGufoGm;w,f}
]bmvdkUxGufoGm;wmwJUvJ}
]xGufoGm;wJUtaMumif; odcsifovm;}
]odcsifwmaygh}
]odcsif&if trSefajymr,f? arat;aMumifhbJ}
]bm...arat;aMumifh..}
][kwfw,f...arat; [dkaeUu &kyf&SifjybdkUcsdef;wJUpm awGUoGm;w,f? aemuf
txifrSm;p&mawG a&Smufjzpfw,f? tck reuf &Sifhr,m;i,feJU &SifaysmfaysmfaeawmhqdkNyD;
xGufoGm;w,f}
]'gjzifh oluarat;eJU tudkaqGudk pGyfpGJwmaygh}
][kwfw,f...}
]arat;...&Sufw,f}
]at;....&Suf&if NidrfNidrfae tck olUvdkuf&Sm&tkH;r,f}
acwå pum;aES;aeNyD;...
]'DrSm tudkaqG..}
]bmvJ..}
]tpGyfpGJcH&wJUtwlwlawmh rxl;ygbl;? oluvJ tudkaqGUrcspfvdkU ypfoGm;NyD[m}
uRefawmf &kwfw&ufrsufvkH;jyL;um...
]a[;...a[;...rjzpfzl;...udk,fwdkUrSm *sif;pdrf;eJU rdóvifolMuifrS igMuifr,fqdkwJU
*sKdvGwfudk,fvGwfawG r[kwfzl;? om;orD;av;a,mufBuD;eJU? awmfawmf...arat;?
aemufxyf 'Dpum;rsKd;awGrajymeJU? arat;udk tudkaqG[m nDrav;vdkuxuf b,fenf;
eJUrS ydkrcspfEdkifbl;}
uRefawmfonf jywfjywfajymvdkufrdum &ifxJüeifhíoGm;ygonf/ xdkUaemuf quf vufí
]EdkUNyD;...tudkaqG[m r,m;i,f tacsmtvSuav;,lxm;NyD; om;orD;oHa,m ZOfawG
arhaysmufxm;Edkifavmufatmif rdkufrJ,kwfrmEdkifrSmvJ r[kwfzl;? wu,fvdkU tudk aqGu
'Davmuf rdkufrJ,kwfrmEdkifw,f qdkawmhaum? nDrav;tzdkU 'Dvkdvlpm;rsKd; bmvkyfzkdUvJ?
'Dvlpm;rsKd;[m waeUnDrav;&JU taoG;tom;usNyD; tvS'D*&D avsmhwJU tcgrSm
aemufxyfti,fav;awGU&if vdkuftkH;rSmbJ r[kwfvm; nDrav;pOf;pm;yguG,f?
'gavmuf pmawGzwfvmNyD;awmh}
þwGifrS ol0rf;enf;aemifwoHay:vmNyD;...
]nDrav; tajymrSm;oGm;w,f tudkaqG&,f...olu nDrav;eJUywfoufNyD; tudkaqGUudk
ypfoGm;w,fqdkawmh u&kPm a'gaomeJU &kwfw&ufEIwfvGefrdwm cGifhvTwfyg
tudkaqG&,f...? &Sdckd;awmif;yefygw,f}
uRefawmf pdwfraumif;jzpf&jyefum...
]tdk...awmif;yefp&mrvdkygbl; cav;&,f...rdef;cav;awG[m 16-ESpf 17-ESpf tysKd
&nfwufaewkef;rSm 'DvdkbJ pdwfjrefvufjref EIwfvGefwwfMuw,f? uJ-
'gawGarhvdkufMuyg pdkU? nDrav; cspfoufa0Munfhcsif&if aemufwe*FaEGrSmjyygr,f?
vmac:r,faemf}
]tdk...rvmac:eJU tudkaqG? tudkaqG rdef;ru 'DvdktxifvGJwwfae&if raumif;
awmhygbl;}
]'gawmh....'DrSmnDrav;? tudkaqG pdwfxJrSm &dk;om;w,f? rSefuefw,f oifhavsmf
w,f,lq&if 'Dr,m;'Da,mu©rudkrajymeJU? aowJUa,mu©r oif;csKdif;u xvmawmif
tJ-xdkif&Sdcdk;vdkuf&rSmbJ? t[J-[J? uJ...nDrav; 'DaeUysif;&ifpmzwfaeayghuG,f? aZmf*sD
ydawmufa&T0g rif;ok0PfuAsmawG toHxGufatmif qdkaeaygh? tudkaqG nDrav;u
vdr®mygw,faemfuG,f....csJ&D,dkqGDwD}
uRefawmf zkH;udkcsvdkufygawmhonf/
oef;aqGESifh udkausmfonf uRefawmfta&;wBuD; rsufESmESifh ajymae&onfudk
em;axmifaeMuonfjzpfí..
]udk&ifh r,m;xGufoGm;w,fqdkwm wu,fbJudk;}
]cifAsm;Asm usm;udkufygw,fqdk}
]tif;...udk&ifh[mu usKyfqD nmaeusaeawmh wu,fusm;usm;qdkawm hcufae w,f? uJ
aiG b,fvmufvdkcsifovJ}
]cifAsm; tdwfxJtck&SdorQ ay;vdkufAsm..}
]tck &Sdwmawmh 20d bJ&Sdw,f}
]awmfygNyD? tck wnifavmufwif oGm;&rSmyg}
uRefawmf &Ir0rSxGufum uefawmfBuD; bkwfuvyf (,ck ,leD,Huvyf)qDodkU
oGm;&ygonf/
rpöwm t,fvdwfbJ&dk;rSm uRefawmf ukefonfb0 txuftnmodkU wufpOfuyif xdkpOfü
oluomNrdKUrSmjzpfí olUtdrfoGm;vm0ifxGufcJUbl;ygonf/
olUtdrfa&mufaomtcgvnf; pdwfaumif;rp&m owif;udkajymcJU&onfrSwyg;
taMumif;rxl;cJU?
uJ...,cktajcwGif uRefawmfrSm cspfuJif;ESifhawGUí penf;emNyD; owif;r&ao;bl; qdkygu
oHvsifodkU vdkuf&ygrnf/
uRefawmf tdrfjyefa&mufaomtcgwGif bBuD;OD;pdefESifh tefwDrxGef;armifESrvnf; &Sdaeí
olwkdUvnf; teD;ywf0ef;usif wwfEdkifoavmuf &SmNyD;NyD[k ajymygonf/
uRefawmfha,mu©raqGrsKd;xJü aA'ifynm&Sdjzpfaom tefwDrxGef;url ,cktouf rao
ao;bJ wae&m&mü aumif;pGm&SdaeaMumif; twyfa[mygonf/
olUaA'ifrvJGyg/
taMumif;rSm rMumrDü cspfuJif;onf armfawmfqdkifu,fwxkwfxkwfESifh a&muf vmNyD;
Adkvfwaxmifu olwdkUOD;av;uRefawmfha,mu©r\armifti,fqkH; tefu,f tJ&dwftdrfü
awGUcJUNyDjzpfaMumif;? uRefawmfhudkvmbdkUrSmvdkufaMumif; ajymygonf/
tm;vkH; oufjyif;BuD;csMuum uRefawmfhrSmrl acwåwkH;vkH;vSJ? aemufa&rdk;csKd;NyD; a&;vufp
yy0wD 0w¦K&Snftcef; 6-udkom udkifvdkufcsifpdwfay:ygonf/ olUOD;av; tdrfü
aumif;rGefpGm &SdaeNyDqdkuwnf;u uRefawmfhpdwfwGif bmrQylyifaomur&Sdawmhyg/
odkUaomf aysmuf&SNyD; jyefawGU&aom r,m;urSmvdkufvsufom;ESifhrS uRefawmfroGm;u
a,mu©raqGrsKd;awGu rnfodkUajymMuOD;rnfenf;/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf rMumrDü (tefu,ftJ&dwfrSm a&aMumif;ykvdyfbufu
&mZtkyfjzpfí) Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;teD;u *wfwef;uGmwmxJodkU a&mufcJU&ygonf/
tefu,ftJ&dwfrdef;r rvSMunfu NyKH;ppESifh nTefjyí uRefawmfhr,m;&Sd&m tcef;
xJa&mufonfwGif r[0Smonf uRefawmfhudkqD;zufvsuf...
]tdkifbuf(c),l0gyg'if;....'gvif..tdkif[wf(')rpötef;'g;pwk,l? qdk;aqm&D;...'D,m;
[wfbD}[k ujym;rqdkolwdkU pum;jzifh oluRefawmfhtxifrSm;cJUrdí tifrwef0rf;enf;pGm
awmif;yefygaMumif; ajymjyygonf/
&kwfjcnf;jzifh uRefawmftHUtm;oifhum...
]aeygtkH; rif[mu tajymif;tvGJ jrefvScsnfhvm;? reufubJ ighudkr,m;i,feJU
pGyfpGJajy;NyD;awmh}
]tefu,f a&mbwfaus;Zl;bJ'gvif? reufu udkMuifaqGeJUarat;eJU pum;ajym Muw,f
r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf &kwfw&uf rsufvkH;jyL;um
]'gudk tefu,fa&mbwfu b,fhES,fvkyfodwmvJ]
tefu,fa&mbwfrSm olUtar\tudkjzpfygonf/
]arat;a,mifaqmifNyD; pum;ajymwm usrwdkUbJ}
]a[...rif;toHvJ r[kwfygvm;}
]tefu,ftJ&dwforD; bufwDrmav? tefu,fa&mbwfu 'g&dkufwm}
þae&mü uRefawmfNyKH;&Suf&Suf oufjyif;BuD; csvdkufrdygonf/ þtcdkuf
bufwDrmtysKdacsma&mufvmum...
]b,fhES,fvJ udkudkaqG? bufwD&,f arat;vkyfNyD; nKvdkufwmawmfawmfedyf&JU vm;}
uRefawmfrSm &SufNyKH;BuD;ESifhyif....
]awmfyg...aumifrav;? 'grsKd;awGigem;&Sufw,f}
]t[JU[J ... tudkaqGu arat;udk rkef;NyDvm;? rkef;&ifrkef;w,fajym od&JUvm;?
t[ifh..vlrsm;uawmh...}
aumifrav;u *g0efum;um;ESifh ajcaqmifhum EIwfcrf;uav;yifplí vSnfhrljcif; udk
cHvdkuf&ygao;onf/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfqdkcJUygonf/
]tyGJyGJEGJcJUorQ 'DwyGJrSESmap;wJUvl vufujrif;wmcHvdkuf&onf/ a>rayG;jrufa&Sm
udkufonf/ uwkH;ay: usD;uef;acs;bufueJ usonf}[k....
odkUaomf uRefawmf 0rf;ombG,f&mum; ,ck uRefawmfhr,m;onf uRefawmfh
oabmxm;udk odNyDjzpfí pmnDrav;awG t&mtaxmif xm;&kHru tdrfudkyifvmí
vnfcsifvQif ac:cJUygawmh/ arat;tm;vnf; txifrSm;cJUonfudk awmif;yefygaMumif;
pum;aumif; yg;vdkufyg\/
,ck olonf tdrfuxGufoGm;NyD; csufjcif;jyefvm&rSm &Sufao;onf[k olUOD;av;
tdrfüyif &Sdao;ygonf/
ntcsdefü uRefawmfhom;ESpfa,mufESifh uRefawmf tddyf&ygonf/ reufrdk;vif;vQif
acgif;tkH;awG apmifawG ajc&if;acgif;&if;&,fr&Sd/ ywfywfvSnfhí acGaeMuygonf/
om;wdkUonfzathrsufESmudk wufcGcsifcGae\/ ajc&if;üpif;csifpif;ae\/ olwkdUcsif;
vdrfcsifvdrfae\/ tcsdefrawmf'kef;ueJ vdrfhuswwf\/ þodkUqdkvQif olwkdUrdcif&SdpOfurl
uRefawmfwkdUwa&;Edk;Muygonf/
,ckawmhjzifh rpdkajy....wudk,fa&awG;...uRefawmfhr,m;uav;udkwJU vGrf;vSygNyD../
atm..uRefawmfhZeD;udkwJU...aqG;vSygNyD.../ cspfa,mu©rBuD;&JU....jrifapcsifvSonf/ atmf..
rdkufu&dkpukwf r[mynmausmfrBuD;&JU/
t[J..[J../
orD;a,mu©r cspfMunfa&;odkU a&SU&Ivsuf....
aomfwmaqG
(9-8-52)
txufyg 0w¦Konf 1952ckESpf? pufwifbmv? &Ir0trSwf 64-wGif yg0ifcJU onf/
(atmf....21ESpfawmif&SdcJUNyDaum/)
þ0w¦K jzpfay:vm&onfum; ]ckdif}ESifhywfoufíyif/
xdk0w¦KxJrSm wuúodkvfausmif;olarat;\ &kyf&SifjybdkU csdef;pm[kqdkxm;onf/ trSefum;
]cdkif}\csdef;pmwnf;/
wu,fhtjzpftysuf twdkcsKyfum; uRefawmfhtuÐstdwfxJrS cdkif\&kyf&SifjybdkUcsdef; pmudk
rdoGm;aomaMumifh uRefawmfhZeD; aemfrmonf pwkw¦ajrmufuav; EdkUpdkU&G,f0if'D ac:
armfarmf/ (,ckwuúodkvfwwd,ESpf)tm; ac:NyD;eHeufapmpD;rnfolrQ rodatmif
tdrfuxGufoGm;onf/ þ0w¦KxJrSm ygonfhtwdkif; pmwapmifa&;ypfcJUonf/
þtcsdefü uRefawmfrSm trSefyif pdwfxdcdkufoGm;onf/ 0w¦KxJrSmygonfhtwkdfif;
orD;a,mu©rESpfa,muf ajymMuqdkMuonf/ aemfrmoGm;rnfxifonfh tdrfrsm;udk
vdkufMuonf/ vrf;wGifuRefawmfhacgif;xJ ]r,m;aysmuf}0w¦Kwydkif;wp pdwful;rdonfESifh
pdefb&m;om;a&mufoGm;í ajymMuqdkMuwmrsm;trSefjzpfonf/
aemufqHk;wGif aemfrmonf Adkvfwaxmif&Sd olUOD;av;tDrfa&mufaeaMumif; od&onf/
xdktcgüum; uRefawmfhpdwfrSm at;oGm;avjyD/ onfawmh Mo*kwfvqef;? pufwifbmv
&Ir0twGuf 0wåkKa&;&ef&Sdae&Um? ylylaEG;aEG;jzpfysufcJhí uRefawmfhpdwfxJ
cHpm;ae&wmudkyif [mo0wåKjzpfatmif a&;vdkuf&awmhonf/ xdkpOfu aomfwmaqGonf
[mo0wåKawGbJ a&;oudk;/
trSefrSm AdkvfwaxmiftdrfwGif aemfrmtm; olUarmif0rf;uGJ cspfuJif;u awGUvmaomtcg
uRefawmfu oGm;a&mufawmif;yef acsmharmh&onf/ 'gudk 0wåKxJwGif aemfrmwdkUu
arat;a,mifaqmifNyD; w,fvDzHk;ESifhajymav[efZmwfuGuf tvSnfhuav; jzpfatmif
a&;&onf/
pifppf þ0wåKonf uRefawmfh ZeD;ESifh a,mu©rMuD;ukd jzD;acsmhacsmhjcif;jzpfygonf/
trSefvnf; cdkifESifh uRefawmfhtajcrSm xdktcsdefwGif 0wåKrSm ygonfhtwdkif; &kyf&Sifjyac:&if;
tcsdefapmaeí &Ir0wdkufvmjcif;ESifh OD;ausmfESifh awGUqHkí uRefawmfonfqdkMuonfrsm;
tm;vHk; rSefygonf/ cdkifESifh uRefawmfonf &nf;pm;t&m ra&mufMuao;ay/
odkU&mwGif þ0wåKxGufaomtcgüum; cdkifESifhuRefawmf\ b*Fvm;armifESr b0onf
t&if;tzsm; awmifrus ajrmufrusESifh aeír&awmhay/ ESpfyg;qHkNrHK raemawGu
pum;pHktukefajym&ayaumhrnf/
tcPf; (17)
toGiful;ajymif;jcif;
uRefawmfhwGif pma&;q&mrjzpfrD tESpfESpftvvuyif odkrSD;xm;aom a&;p&m
taMumif;t&m ukefMurf;ypönf;awG &Sdaeonf/ aemufxyfvnf; rjywf jznfhpGufaeonf
jzpfaomaMumifh wyk'fNyD;wyk'f eifNyD;eifoGm; qdkouJUodkU a&;xkwfaecJU&m? ]uRefawmfh
r,m; aysmufvdkU&Sm}0w¦Kum; rlvu vm;vm;rQpDpOf pdwful;cJUonfr[kwf? &kwfw&uf
ta&;ay:a&;om;vdkufrdjcif;om jzpfygonf/
xdkpOfu uRefawmfonf&Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif [mo0w¦Krsm;udk 'dkifcHvpOfrjywf a&;om; cJU&m?
a&SUvxkwf pmtkyftwGuf 'Dv 10-&ufaeUudk aemufqkH;xm;ay;&onf/ cdkif\&kyf
&SifjybdkU csdef;pmaMumifh uRefawmfhZeD; aemfrmtdrfu xGufoGm;onfrSm 1952-ckESpf?
Mo*kwfv 4-&uf? jynfawmfomaeUjzpfav&m? &Ir0twGuf 0w¦Kudk prSrp&ao;ay
vlrr,fEdkUpdkUuav;ESifh tdrfur,m;u udk,fhtxifvJGNyD; wdwfwqdwf xGufoGm;onfqdk
awmh vifa,mufsm;wa,muftaeESifh uRefawmfxdkufoifhoavmuf aomua&mufcJU
onftrSef/ aemfrmudk olUOD;av;tdrfwGif oGm;awGUí oltxifrSm;onfhudpöudk oGm;a&muf
&Sif;vif;jcif;jzifh xdkudpöNyD;oGm;NyDjzpfaomfvnf;? uRefawmfhpdwftm&kHwGif ,cifu a&;rnf
[kpdwful;xm;aom 0w¦KZmwfvrf;u xifvif;rvmbJ vwfwavm jzpfvdkufonfh udpö
uom vTrf;rdk;aeojzifh? [,f...'DtaMumif;t&mudkbJ [mo0w¦Kjzpfatmif tcsdefrD
a&;vdkuf&ayawmhonf/
þ0w¦Ka&;pOfrSm a,mu©rBuD;ESifhZeD;udk NzD;acsmhacsmhí ESpfodrfhbdkUudkom pOf;pm; onf/
cdkiftwGufudkrawG;cJU/ olUtm; ]arat;}[k emrnfom ajymif;íoGm;cJUaomae&m?
awGUcJUaomvl? ajymcJUaompum;rsm;? MunfhcJUaom &kyf&Sifudk trSefawGcsnf; a&;rdav&m
þ0w¦KxGufaomtcgü cdkifESifh uRefawmfjyóemwuf&avawmh\/
þ0w¦KrSm uRefawmf\vuf&Sdb0udk xif;xif;BuD;azmfjy&mvnf; a&mufae\/
aoG;om;rawmfpyfygbJvsuf tysKdt&G,fav;wa,mufESifh ]tudkBuD;a&...nDrav;a&..}
vkyfaejcif;onf b*Fvm;armifESrrQomjzpfay&m? xdktcsdefücdkifonf uRefawmf\ vuf&Sd
b0tajcudk rnfodkU,lqavonfrod oluvnf;rar;? uRefawmfuvnf; rajymbJ
NrKHaecJU&mrS ,ck ]uRefawmfhr,m;aysmufvdkU&Sm}0w¦K &Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif ygvmaomtcg?
pifppf uRefawmfwdkUMur®m uRefawmfwkdU zefwD;Mujcif;yifjzpfayawmhonf/
cgwdkif;qdkvQif vqef;&uf pmtkyfrsm; xGufNyDqdkygu uRefawmfonf &Ir0r*¾Zif;
pmtkyfudk cdkifhqDodkU ,loGm;í ay;NyD;? ,ck (1952-ckESpf? pufwifbm)vqef;awmh
uRefawmfonf udk,fhpdwfudk,frvkHaví ckdifhqDodkUroGm;avawmh/
'gudkra&Tcdkifu rodusKd;uRH jyKaevdkufvQifvnf; taMumif;xl;ay:vmp&mrjrif/ ,ckawmh
(olvnf;tb,fvQif aeEdkiftHUenf;/) ra&Tpmu ]tudkaqG..'Dv &Ir0xJu0w¦K udk
cdkifzwfNyD;ygNyD? atmf...ckdifhtwGufaMumifh tudkaqGwdkUvifr,m; 'Davmuftxd
jzpfoGm;Muovm;? ckdif....pdwfraumif;ygbl;? 'gaMumifh tudkaqGvJ cdkifhudk rkef;oGm;vdkU
cdkifhqD rvmawmhbl;vm;[if..}[laom pmrsKd; a&;vdkufawmh? eudku 'Daumifrav;tay:
r&dk;om;wJUpdwf&Sdaom 'DaumifBuD;aeEdkifygOD;rnfavm/
xdkUjyifolwdkU olemjyKq&mrrsm; wm0efwGif 4-oft ESifh 8-off ay: w&ufjcm;pD nae 4-
em&DESifh 8-em&DrSm tvkyfu qif;csdef&Sdav&m? b,faeU 4-off qdkwmvnf;
olUpmxJrSmygavojzifh wdwdusus csdef;qdkxm;jcif;yif jzpfae&um;? þ&nf&G,faom
tcsdefrSmyif uRefawmfonf olemjyKq&mrrsm; a*[m*dwf0odkU a&mufoGm;onfü
cgwdkif;vdk wHcg;apmifh '&0rftm; aiGwusyfaxmifjyí cdkifhxHtaMumif;Mum;cdkif;p&myif
rvdkawmhbJ? cdkifonf &Tef;ypGmxGufvmaví uRefawmfwdkUonf jrifvQifjrifjcif; vuf&Sd
jyóemudk Oyu©mjyKxm;Muao;vsuf? wa,mufwa,muf awGUcsifaZm jyif;xefonfh
NyKH;&TifaomrsufESmrsm;ESifh olwdkU{nfhcef;odkU oGm;Muav\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwdkU tNyKH;rsm;um; wmr&SnfMuygacs/ pm;yGJwGif xdkifrdMuí cdkifu
ratmifhtnf;EdkifawmhbJ ]tudkaqGa&;wJU 0w¦KxJutwdkif; trSefbJvm;}[lonfh
ar;cGef;pwifay:vmonfü uRefawmfhtNyKH;yef; ajcmufEGrf;oGm;ygNyD/ uRefawmfrsufESm
rxm;wwfawmhyg/ jiif;vnf;rjiif;tm;? jiif;vdkpdwfvnf; r&SdonfESifh [kwfaMumif;
acgif;ndwfvdkufonfESifh wNydKifwnf; olvnf; rsufESmysufoGm;avNyD/
]pdwfraumif;p&mbJ tudkaqG&,f? cdkifhaMumifhjzpf&wm}
][m...olwkdUom;trdudku oabmxm;ao;NyD; tawG;acsmfvGef;wmyg cdkif&m}
uRefawmfwkdUrSm ajymp&mpum; &Sm;yg;oGm;avNyD/ wa,mufwa,muf awGMunfh
aeMuonf/
nae 5-em&DausmfNyDqdkvQif olemjyKq&mrwdkU {nfhcef;rSm pkHwGJawGrIdyGifhovdkay:
vmMuacsNyD/ pkHwGJwck? pmyGJwvkH;pkHwJGEkEk? pkHwGJ&ifh&ifh/
b,fodkU cGJjcm;odEdkifoenf;/
pkHwGJEkEkwkdUonf odyfNyD;pdwfrvkHMuao;/ [dk[dkonfonf eHab;eHzDudk Munfhwwf onf/
udk,faecsifvnf;vSrf;\/ pkHwGJ &ifh&ifhwkdUum; ywf0ef;usifudk *&krpdkufawmhNyD/
rsufESmcsif;qdkifvQif ezl;csif; xdcref;? ab;wdkufqdkvQif udk,fcsif;uyf? vufcsif;xd?
ajccsif;uvdí t&om&Sd&Sd aeMuukefonf/
,ck uRefawmfwkdUpkHwGJum; tEkpm;/ b*Fvm;armifESrrSonf &nf;pm;b0odkUyif
ra&mufMuao;/ pyful;rwful;umv toGiful;ajymif;&awmhrnfhtcsdef/
tjcm;armifESHrawG wGufxdk; aeMuaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkUrSm ajymp&mpum;u &Sm;yg;?
rsufESmrsm;uvnf;rMunfomMu/ xdkpOfu uRefawmf roifhjrwfyHkrsm;omvQif jzpfayrnf/
uRefawmf aumif;pGmrrSwfrdawmh/ ,ckwdkif rarhEdkifonfum; tjcm;pHkwGJ tcsdKUxoGm;Muí
{nfhcef;rSm {nfhrsm; jyef&rnfhtcsdef a&mufvmaomtcg cdkifu ] 'gjzifh tudkaqG&,f
tudkaqG a,mu©reJU r,m;u 'Davmufxdjzpfae&if tudkaqG rvmygeJUawmhaemf? cdkifvJ
raumif;awmhbl;? tudkaqGvnf; raumif;awmhbl;? uJ-oGm; oGm;.... tudkaqG jyefawmh }
olutukdUudk Muifemaom rsufESmav;ESifh þodkUESifavaomtcgü uRefawmfh &ifrSm
'dwf'dwfckefavjyD/ olESifh uRefawmf awGUqHkrS rMuHKbl;ao;onfh pdwfrsdK; cHpm;&jyD/
'DtcsdefrSm olonf tvGefvSaeonf[kvnf; uRefawmf xifpm;rdygjyD/ Munfvifawmufy
aom rsufvHk;? ajzmifhqif;aom ESmwH rsufESmoGufvsí a&SUbuf cRef;xGufaeaom ar;pd?
axG;tdtduav;/ t&G,fjynfh ( zDvmaph ) jyDjzpfí vdkavao;r&SdawmhjyDaom &ifom;?
wifyg;? usifaomcg;/
xdktcsdefü uRefawmfh touf 33-ESpf/ olu 17-ESpf/ toufcsif; xuf0ufrQ uGmaom
vlMuD;ESifh vli,f/ olu olUqDvm&ef roifhavsmfawmhygbl;/ aemuf rvmygeJU awmh? ck
jyefygawmh[k ESifavaomtcg trSefyif jzpfaeí uRefawmfhrSm jiif;p&mr&Sd?
ajymp&mpum;&Smr&/ xdkif&mrS av;av;MuD; xum olUrsufESm w0rQpdkufMunfhjyD; {nfhcef;
rS xGufcJhawmhonf/
ae0if;&dk;o&D arSmfpjyKaejyDjzpfí cgwdkif; onfhtcsdefrsdK;rSm olESifh uRefawmfESifhonf vdkbJ
{nffhcef;rSm awGUMujyD; {nfhjyefcsdefa&mufí cGJcGmMuaomtcgwdkUü *GwfEIdufwmhwm..
qD;t*def; ponfh EIufqufpum;wkdUjzifh &TifyspGmolu olUtcef;bufoGm;í? uRefawmfu
udk,fhvmvrf;jyefcJUonf/ ,ckrlum; olUrsufESmvnf; r&Tifys? EIwfqufpum;vnf;
wcGef;rQrqdk? olUtcef;wkdUvnf; olroGm;ao;bJ? olUpum;em;axmifum xdkif&mrSxí
av;av;BuD;avQmufvmcJUaom uRefawmfhaemufu oluyfvdkufvmcJUonf/
cgwdkif;vdk oluolUtcef;buf oGm;í uRefawmfu wa,mufwnf;jyefvmcJUygrl
olESifhuRefawmfh Zmwfvrf;onf? ,ckazmfjyawmhrnfuJUodkUaom ykHpHrsKd;jzpfaumif;rSjzpfay
awmhrnf/ Zmwfvrf; a&SUqufcef; &SdcsifrS &Sdayvdrfhrnf/ ,ckrl olonfukvm;'&0rf
apmifhonfh *dwf0a&mufaomfvnf; rae&pfcJUao;rlbJ? olUpdwfxJ0,f b,fodkUjzpfav
oenf;/ uRefawmfhtm; b,ftxdvdkufydkUrnfBuHonfrod/ uRefawmfhaemufu vdkufvmcJU
NrJ/
xdkpOfu olemjyKq&mrwdkU a*[mESpfaqmifMum;wGif ta&SUrStaemufodkU vloGm;
vrf;usOf;uav;&Sdonf/ (,ckawmhydwfypfonf) &ifcGJ&kH;aemufem;rSonf vwåmvrf;buf
odkUxGuf\/ uRefawmfonf vwåmvrf;buf xGufonfhvrf;u jyefaeus/
þvrf;usOf;uav;rSm ab;ESpfzufuopfom;wef;rsm; eEGif;ruif;uGufykH
Muufajccwfumxm;onf/ tkwfckHvrf;uav;rSm rsufESmcsif;qdkif vlESpfa,muf a&Smuf
om&kHESifh vlESpfa,muf ab;csif;,SOfavQmufEdkif&kH &Sdonf/
ae0ifNyD;p arSmifysys0,f? rD;a&mifav;urvif;wvif;? *dwf0vGefNyD;onfwdkif atmif
oluRefawmfhaemufu uyfygvmavawmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJ vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ jzpfvmí
olUb,fvufudk nmvufESifhqGJudkifum b,fvufjzifh olUcg;udkayGUzufí ab;csif;,SOf
avQmufcJUonf/ EIwfuawmhbmrQrajymrdMuao;/ oltvdkufoifhbJ ygvm onf/
onfvrf;uav;rSm onftcsdefvloluvJ jywfaeonf/ rjywfvJta&;rBuD;yg/
onfvdkpkHwGJrsKd;awG onfvdkae&mrsKd;rSmrqef;yg/ þodkUajcvSrf;w&mrQ avQmufrdonfü
vusfmbufwGif rnfuJUodkU &nf&G,fcsufESifh jyKxm;onfrod/ q,fayywfvnfrQ
axmifhcsKd;tcef;vGwfuav;wck &Sdav&m uRefawmfhtzdkU r&G,fbJESifhapmfuJ rif;jzpfqdk
ouJUodkU? uRefawmfonf cdkifudk þtcef;av;xJ qGJoGif;um tirf;r& ayGUzuferf;&Iyfyg
awmhonf/ cdkifhudk,fonf axG;tdaysmhnufvsuf? cspfpdwfxefxef? aoG;wdk;jrefaom &ifckef
oH w'kH;'kH;ESifh ESvkH;om;csif;u pum;ajymMuonf/
]cdkif...cdkif...b,fvdkjzpfaeae cdkifhudk tudkaqG cspfaeNyD? pdwfudk rxdef;Edkifawmhbl;?
ratmifhEdkifawmhbl;? wa,mufwa,muf wu,fcspfrdMuNyDqdk&if avmurSmbmtwm;
tqD;rS r&SdEdkifawmhygbl; cdkif&,f...? cdkifuvJ tudkaqGcspfovdkom cspfygaemf..aemf..}
olu...jyefvnfí
xkwfazGum eIwfacRrajymaomfvJ
cspfwm arwåmoabmawGu
raemrSm ESpfudk,fMunfvdkU
cspfa&Tjynf wnfumaqmufMupdkU.../
tcspf\oabm
&ifw'dwf'dwf ckefjcif;onf tcspf\oauFw? tcspf\vIyf&Sm;rI? tcspf\ t&om?
'gudktcsKdUu ]cspfvdkuf&wmwkefvkdU}[k tqdkjyKMuonf/ 'def;'vdef;ewfyl;onf[kvJ
wifpm; Muonf/ 'def;'vdef;ewfqdkwm tu,fpifppf r&Sdbdvnf; xdktcspfpdwfrsKd;
pGJuyfNyDqdkygu usm;rwdkUwGif BuD;i,fr[lEk&ifhrcGJ? oJwkeftlwkef? ESvkH;ckefMuonfom/
cdkiftm; cspfa&;qdkNyD; wvrQtMumwckaomeHeuf 8em&DcefU0,f? uRefawmfonf
taemf&xmvrf;ESifh vomvrf;axmifhem;qDrS aq;&kHBuD;0if;qDodkU arQmfMunfhvsuf &Sdav
onf/ xdktcsdefü uRefawmfh&ifrSm 'dwf'dwfckefae\/ taMumif;rlum; cdkifESifh csdef;qdkxm;
onfhtwGufjzpf\/ þae&mü uRefawmfpOf;pm;Munfh\/ 'Daumifrav; &efukefa&mufcJU
wm wESpfausmfcJUNyD/ olESifh uRefawmf tudk&,f nDr&,f[lí csdef;csfu awGUqkHcJUaygif;
rsm;vSygNyD/ ,cifu olUtay:ü rnfodkUrQ pdwfESvkH; racsmufcsm;cJU/ odkUaomf tckrS
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; olUtm;zuferf;í cspfaMumif;udk zGifhqdkNyD;onfrS olESifhywfoufNyD;
uRefawmf ESpfvkH;wkef? &ifckefjzpf&awmhonf/
,ck eHeufcsdef;qdkxm;onfrSm olESifhuRefawmfwaeUwmwlwuG? yxrOD;qkH; tBudrf?
tcsdefjzKef;MubdkUyif/
olwkdUolemjyKq&mrawGrSm 4.off ESifh 8.off ac: 4 em&D? 8 em&D tvkyfqif;csdefwkdU tjyif
Day off ac:waeUvkH;tm;&onfhtcg wvrSmw&uf&onf/ þw&ufwGif cdkifonf
uRefawmfac:&modkU vdkufrnfjzpfí uRefawmfapmifharQmfaejcif;jzpfygonf/
xdktcsdefü uRefawmfhvufxJrSm owåK a&aEG;u&m;topfwvkH;? ¤if;txJrSm qef?
ig;&HUajcmuf wjym;ESifh bJOtcsKdUygcJUygonf/ t"dyÜm,frSm uRefawmfwkdUonftwlwuG
xrif;csufpm;Murnf/
eHeuf 8em&DwGif olwkdUemhpfa*[mrS xGufcJUrnf[k cdkifucsdef;qdkxm;&m oufouf
uRefawmfu 8 em&Drxdk;rD a&mufaeípdwfapmpGm &ifw'dwf'dwf ckefaejcif;jzpfygonf/
pifppfum; uRefawmfonf bmrQylp&mrvdkay/ cdkifonftcsdefwdusoljzpfí 8em&DESifh rdepf
tenf;i,frQ tvGefwGifaq;&kHBuD;0if;xJrS xGufvmayonf/
uRefawmfolUteD;odkU tjrefcsOf;uyfoGm;um rcsOfhr&JtoHESifh....
]tdk...cdkif&,f...}
]bmvJtudkaqG? apmifhae&wm Mumyvm;}
]rMumhwMumaygh? vmyg}[kqdkí tif;pdefbwfpfqdyfodkU ac:oGm;av\/ xdkumvü
bwfpfum; avmuonf ,ckuJUodkU rkefwdkif;rxefao;/ yk*¾vduvkyfief;oabmwkdU\/
vmyg tudk....? xdkifp&m&Sdygw,ftar}[laom y#doE¨m&wdkUjzifh uRefawmfwkdU acsmifcsdpGm
xdkifcJU&í urm&Gwf blwm&kHvrf;*dwfodkU a&mufaomf uRefawmfwkdUqif;Mu\/
qdkufum;wpD;ac:? uRefawmfua&SUrSxdkif cdkifrSm qdkufum;ay:wuf&rSmyif &Id;wdk;
&SefUwefU/ taMumif;rSm olonf qdkufum;udkþtcg yxrOD;qkH; pD;bl;jcif;wJU/ olwkdUvm;
&Id;NrdKUrSm arNrdKUawmifBuD;wkdUuJUodkU ukef;qif;? ukef;wufrsm;jzpfí qdkufum;r&Sdacs/
]tudkaqGU...? tckoGm;r,fhtdrfrSm b,folawG &SdaerSmvJ}
]oef;aqGwa,mufxJyg}
][if...&Sufp&mBuD;...}
]tdk...? bmvdkU&Suf&rSmvJ? oef;aqGu tifrwefoabmaumif;ygw,f? cdkif.....
oef;aqGudkawGU&ifcifoGm;rSmyg...}
uRefawmfwkdUpD;cJUaom qdkufum;onf tif;pdefvrf;rBuD;rS urm&Gwfblwm&kHvrf;xJ 0if?
blwm&kHvGef oHvrf;ausmfawmh vuf0JbufudkcsKd;? a&uefxdyfu 'kwd,ajrmuf vrf;xJ0if?
vrf;tv,faumifü...
okckr&dyfom
wdkufcHtdrfwvkH;a&SUwGif txufygqdkif;bkwfonf qGJcsdwfxm;jcif;r&Sdao;acs/
rMumrDqGJcsdwfawmhrnf[k&nf&G,fcsuf &SdMuaomfvnf; b,fawmhrS rcsdwfcJh&yg/
bZmaMumifhqdkaomf udk,fhudk,fudk okckr tEkynmonf[k qdkaeMuaom uRefawmfwdkU
vlodkufonf þvkyfief;rsdK;rSmra&&m? aumuf&dk;rD;wrQ [kef;ueJ xcJhjcif;om/
þodkU[lrl xdk ouú&mZfonf 1952 ckESpf? uRefawmf wdkU q&m wifhw,fonf bdvyfu (
4 ESpfrQaecJhjyD; ) ylylaEG;aEG;jyefcgp/ taemufEdkifiH&Sdb0wltoif;zGJUrsm;udk olttm;uscJhí?
'Dwdkif;jynfrSmawmh olubJ tpjyKawmhrnf[laom yHkpHrsdK;jzifh olUtqdk...Artist's
Club zGJU&ef ol yxrOD;qHk; pnf;&Hk;vdkufawmh t&uf0dkif;wGif zefcGuf 5 vHk tvkyf
jzpfoGm;Muonf/ oef;aqG&,f? uRefawmf&,f? ol&,f? Adkvfuav;wifhatmif ESifh
*DDwvkifarmifukdudkwdkU ywfoufjyD; þvrf;xJrSm þwdkufcHtdrf atmufxyfukd
wifhw,fu aiGpdkufxkwfí iSm;vdkufonf/
onfvl 5 a,muf teuf oef;aqGESifh uRefawmfuzGwfyg? wifhw,fu bdvyfu jyefcgp
emrnfuwufwkef;? 0wåK&SnfawGvJ ygvmonf/ &kyf&SifuZmwfnTef;awGvJa&;& onfrdkU
olaiG tvGefjzdK;aecsdef/ Adkvfuav; wifhatmifESifh *DwvkvifarmifudkudkwdkUvnf;
xdktcsdefrSm 0if;0if;&HkwGif jyZmwfacwfaumif;aecdkuf nDuwD;0dkif;? tudku 'g&dkufwmvkyf
í? tvGef0ufaxmae&ojzifh uRefawmfwdkU uvyftwGuf csufjyKwfpm;aomuf&ef yef;uef
cGufa,mufrsm;udk olwdkU nDtudku0,fMuonf/ ( ,if;wdkUonf aemif oef;aqG rdef;r
,laom tcgü atmfbdkrufwpf vufzGJUypönf;rsm; jzpfMuukefonf/
xdkpOfüum; oef;aqGonf vlysdKjzpfí? þa*[mrSm tdrfapmifhtjzpfESifh aeonf/
xdkaeUeHeuf cdkifESifhuRefawmf a&mufoGm;aomtcg 9 em&Davmuf &SdaejyDjzpfaomfvnf;?
oef;aqGonf tdyf&mu rxao;/ uRefawmfu wHcg;xkí olUemrnfudk ac:EId;awmhrS
tdyfrIefpHkrTm;ESifh xvmvsuf wHcg;zGifhawmh &ifoyf&Iarmjzpfaeojzifh uRefawmfu...
] ighvcGD;wJh? 'Davmufawmiftdyf&ovm;uG? onfhjyif udk,fawmfu qGrf;cHu
jyefvmawmifrS armifyOöif;u usdef;awmfrlwkef;udk;..? 'gaMumifhiwfwm... }
'Dawmh olu NyHK;pdpdeJU.....
] usKyfuawmh ydkUqGrf;bJ bkef;ay;r,fvdkU..... }
] atmifrm..... &r,f &r,f? oGm;.... rsufESmopfprf;uGm }
qdkjyD; olUudk wGef;vTwfvdkufí cdkiftm; tdrfxJ ac:cJhonf/
oef;aqG udk,fvufokwfoifjyD; jyefvmaomtcg? uRefawmfu olwdkUESpfa,mufudk
rdwfzGJUay;vdkufonfü cdkifuvdrfrmyg;edyfpGm.....
] udkoef;aqG pmawGvJ cdkif odyfMudKufwmbJ? udkoef;aqG uAsmwyk'fjzifh tckawmif cdkif
tvGwf&aew,f } [k ajymaomtcg? pma&;q&mwdkUxHk;pHtwdkif; oef;aqG
raemacGUoGm;í....
] atmf.... [kwfvm;? b,fuAsmygvdrfh }
xdktcgü cdkifonf &Ir0r*¾Zif;wGifygcJhaom oef;aqG\av;csdK;wyk'fudk tptqHk;
&Gwfjyvdkufonfü oef;aqGonf z&PmyDwd*Grf;qDxdoGm;vsuf? olwdkUcsif;wcgwnf;
cifrif&if;ESD;oGm;Muav\/
onfaemuf olwdkUESpfa,mufonf rD;zdkaqmiftwl0ifum csufMujyKwfMuonf/
odkUaomf....? uRefawmf tuJcyfaeonf/ rnfolrQ aumif;pGm csufjyKwfwwfonfr[kwf/
olwdkUcsif; ] bJOawG tGef;rvufaMumf&atmif } [kajymjyD; wG,fvdkufMuyHkum;....?
bJOawGtm;vHk; MuufoGefESifhcavmufjyD;? ',fxJrSm wcgwnf; csyfjym;xlyspfMuD;
aMumfvdkufawmh\/ tif;.... [kwfayhuGm....'g...tGef;rvufwJh/
xdkaeU uRefawmfwdkU eHeufpmum;? þ bJOaMumf? ig;&UHajcmufzkwfqD;qrf;?
o&ufoD;ydk;wDokwf? oD;&GufpHk [if;csdKwcGufrdkU rqdk;vSay/ uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;
xrif;jrdefMuonf/
pm;aomufjyD;jzpfMuí awmfawmfav;Muvmaomtcg? uRefawmfu aemufaz; bufrS
oef;aqGtm; rsuf&dyfjyac:um....
] uJ.... armif&if oGm;ayawmh.... 'dkUESpfa,mufxJbJaecsifjyD }
xdktcg oef;aqGonf &kwfw&uf pum;rjyefao;bJ? olU rsufawmifykwfcwf ykwfcwfESifh
uRefawmfhudk acwåpdkufMunfhaejyD;rS uRefawmfhvufudk vSrf;udkifí rsufESmxm;
wnfwnfESihf.....
] 'DrSm udkaqG.... uRefawmfwckajymyg&ap..... }
] 75-ck ajymuGm.... }
] 'Daumifrav; Munfh&wm.... rEl;reyf.... tysdK&dkif;uav; }
] at;.... 'g bmjzpfwkef; }
] 'Dawmh....cifAsm;MuD;rSm....om;MuD; r,m;MuD;&Sdaeawmh wu,fr,lEdkifbJeJUawmh...}
olUpum; a&SUquf&rSmudk uRefawmfh tm;emae[ef&Sdojzifh uRefawmfu olUvufudk
jyefvnfzspfnpfum.....
] oef;aqG rif; qdkvdkwmudk igem;vnfjyD? 'DtwGufpdwfcsyguGm?ig uwday;ygw,f? ig
'Dtxd r&nf&G,fygbl; }
,if;rS olonf ] om"kygAsm }[k qdkjyD; cdkifudkoGm;a&muf EIwfqufí tdrfrS
xGufcGmoGm;avonf/
oef;aqGonf pdwfESvHk; El;nUHí þrSmbufü rGefjrwfaom pdwfxm;&SdolyDyD nDrcsif;
pmemaom pdwfxm;jzifh cdkifhtwGuf pdk;&drfjcif;jzpfayonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmf pdwfrSmvnf;
udk,f twlr,lEdkifbJeJU udk,fhpmzwf y&dowfrS jzpfay:vmaom cspfoludk
igwudk,faumif;ausm&apqdkaom pdwf,kwfrsdK; &Sdolr[kwfrlí xdkaeU waeUcif;vHk;
cdkiftm; uAsmpyf oifay;jcif;jzifhom tcsdefukefcJhygonf/ cspfoltm; 'Dvdk tcef;wckxJrSm
ESpfa,mufwnf; yl;yl;uyfuyf udk,fzd&ifzd uAsm oifay;&onfrSmvnf; xl;jcm;aom
t&omygay/ cspfpum;awGudk um&ef eabzGJUí ajymae&jcif;yif/
odkU&mwGif cdkifESifh uRefawmf zefwD;vmcJhaom b0 Zmwfvrf;um; þrQESifhr&yf/ xdkrS
wESpfavmuf ausmfvGefaom tcgü uRefawmfwdkUonf vnfvGef;aom bD;rsm; tjzpfodkU
a&mufMuukef\/
taMumif;&if;rSm olESifhuRefawmfonf tcGifhoifhwdkif; &kyf&SifMunfhjcif;? wd&pmäef&Hk?
uefawmfMuD; ponfwdkUwGif vlvpfrSmacsmifcdkjcif;rsm; jyKMuav&m? waeUaomtcgrSm
xdkpOfu uefawmfBuD;uae'DuRef;onf ,ckvdkckwfxGif&Sif;vif;xm;onfr[kwfyJ? csKHydwf
aygif;rsm;&Sdaeav&m? uRefawmfwdkUonf acsmifaumif;aumif;wckrSm narSmifonfwdkif
atmif MunfEl;rIvGefoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfonf þZmwfvrf;tp 'kwd,wGJü azmfjycJUaom
atmufyg av;csKd;udka&;vdkuf&ygawmhonf/
cdkifodkUyefMum;vTm
yef;rmvmwcgvJ arT;a&mhr,fvm;
vGrf;p&m uAsmaw;&,feJU
pma&;ygvdkU wifqufrnf/
armifhtwGufudkawmh
ajzmifhcsuf0efcHaygh
vGefqefum narSmif&dyfrSmv
cdkifoZifudk ydkifcsifwJUpdwfu,faMumifh
ZGwfrSdwfcJUonf/
odkUuvdkjzpfum rSm;rdrSjzifh
ysKdUtvdkcspfo'´gyGm;ygawmh
'dkUESpfudk,f opömxm;MupdkU&JU
arwåmw&m;eJU awmif;cHNyD...
taMumif;uH nDygawmh
armifhoufESif;/
cspfc&D;qdkwmu cdkif&JU
jzpfNyD;&if jyefrqkwfEdkifbl;
[efvkyfum rmefeJUwif;aomfvJ
vGefcJUwJUtcif;awG b,fvdkUarhEdkifygh
awG;avav taqG;awGAsmygvIdifvdkU
oufqkH;wdkif pdwf0,fyef;&vdrfh
csrf;omrIuif;/
xdkn c&D;vGefrS owd&Muí olUrSm rsuf&nfpufvufESifh jyefydkUvdkuf&onf/ uRefawmfhxH
awmfawmfESifh pmrjyefbJaeojzifh uRefawmfu awmif;yefacsmharmhaom pmrsm;
uAsmrsm;a&;ydkU&onf/
xdkaemuf olUtwGuftcspf? pmzwfolrsm;twGuf [mojzpfaom 0w¦Krsm;a&;cJU& onf/
]cspfíac:onf} ]tcspfwGufjzifh toufyifaoao} ]&nf;pm;w0rf;uGJ} ]ykwå&wem}
]jynfawmfomeyef;yGJ} ]'D,kefjrifvdkU}ponfrsm;/
uRefawmfh&nf;pm;rsm;xJwGif olUtwGuf 0w¦Ktrsm;qkH;a&;cJUygonf/ ¤if;wkdUtxJrS
uRefawmftBudKufqkH;ESifh tm;t&qkH;0w¦Kwyk'frSm ]cspfíac:onf}jzpfonf/ ¤if;txJrS
qDavsmfpGm tcsKdUudkazmfjyvdkygonf/
þ0w¦Kpdwful;udk trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfwkdU tdrfrSmaepOfü &cJUygonf/ xdktcsdefu
trBuD;wkdUa*[monf waumif;ausmif;aqmif0if; twGif;0,f opfom;wJwef;&Snf
wckudk ]{&dyfom}[ktrnfwyfNyD; olwkdU[molwkdU ewfbkHewfeef;[k xifíaeMuonf/
pma&;q&m xifvif; (udkodef;armif)wdkUESifh wjcrf;pDav/ rdk;wGif;qdkvQif rdk;,dkvdkufao;/
þrQqif;qif;&J&Ja*[mudk olUtarESifh rwnfhonfh tdrfajy;rav;Munfat;ESifh a,mu©r
ESifhrwnfhonfh tdrfajy;BuD;aomfwmaqGwkdUu vmaevdkufMuao;av/
'Dwkef;u Munfat;utysKd ausmif;aewkef;/ aomfwmaqGawmh cifAsm;wdkUodMuwJU
twdkif;bJ/ 'geJUolwkdUESpfa,muf[m wtdrfxJrSm armifESrvdkae&oaygh/ 'Dawmhaomfwm
aqGu tJU'Dtdrfom;tm;vkH;ygatmif 0w¦Kwyk'fa&;oAs/ emrnfu...
cspfíac:onf
(1953? azazmf0g&Dv? &Ir0 trSwf 69)
Zmwfvrf;qifykHrSm vodkUoGm;&ef 'kH;ysHwcktar&duefu jrefrmjynfudk vufaqmif
ay;aomtcg rnfolrQvdkufrnfholr&Sdí aomfwmaqGESifh Munfat;ESpfa,mufwnf;oGm;
Muonf/ OD;cifarmifvwfESifh a':cifrsKd;cspfu olwkdUorD;av;Munfat;udk armifESrt&if;
vdkapmifha&Smuf&ef rSmvTwfvdkufonf/ odkUaomf olwkdUESpfa,mufonf þurÇmodkU
jyefa&mufcsdefwefvsuf ra&mufojzifh trBuD;wdkU ylaqG;aomua&mufMuonf/
,cifwcg '*kefwm&m? *sme,fausmfrrav;? rif;&Sif? aomfwmaqGwdkUav;a,muf
yxrOD;qkH;tacguf (zdk;aomfwm pE´mvudkuG,f? 1951ck? &Ir0 trSwf 47) oGm;MupOfu
ESpf&uftwGif; jyefa&mufcJUMuonf/ ra&mufonfjzpfap? olwkdUaoMuNyD/ taMumif;rSm
touf&SL&ef olwkdUESifhygoGm;aom atmufpD*sifu 10-&ufpmxufrydkacs/
odkUr[kwf olwkdU'kH;ysHonf vodkUra&mufyJ tjcm;ouf&Sdowå0grsm; aexdkifaom
urÇmwckodkU a&mufoGm;í xdkjynfrSm t&uftvGefaygwmESifh aomfwmaqGaysmfaea&mh
rnf/ Munfat;u jyefcsifvsuf olayuyfaewmjzpfEdkifonf[k trsKd;rsKd;ajymMuonf/
rnfodkUjzpfap trBuD; cifrsKd;cspfwkdUrSm aomua&mufMuonf/ aomfwmaqGxuf
olwkdUorD; (0ifpm;)uav;twGuf ylAsmyga0onf/ olwkdU{&dyfomrSm aqG;pdwfjzm&avNyD/
]{&dyfom rMunfbdkU
taMumif;i,faMumifh
]aqG;pdwfjzm}trnfodkU ajymif;&csnfh}
trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfrSm idkcsif;a&SUbmquf&rSef;rod/ pefUwiHUiUHBuD; &yfae&m? teD;&Sd
OD;cifarmifvwfu...
]qufqdkavuGm}
]b,fvdkeabxyf&rSef; rodbl; udkvwf&JU}
]tdkuGm...]aqG;pdwfjzmtrnfodkU ajymif;&csnfh xrDudkwdkawmif;awmif;&,frdkU ajcovkH;ay:
ayghuG}
][m..bmqdkifvdkUwkef;}
]qdkifNyDvm;....rif;Munfh&wm b,fawmhrS xrDajcrsufpdrzkH;bl;}
]usru t&yf&Snfwmudk;}
]t&yf&Snf&Snf xrD&Snf&Snf 0,f0wfrSayghuG? t&yfykyk00rS xrDwdkwdk0wfawmh
ajcovkH;uufuufuav; jrif&vdkUMunfhaumif;wm? ydef&Snf&Snfu EGJUEGJUvsvsjzpfatmif
xrDajcckHzkH;atmif 0wf&w,f}
]ta&;xJ xrDwdk&Snf #DumzGifhraeygeJUtkH;? orD;uav;twGuf b,fhES,fvkyfMu rvJ}
]igvJ rBuHwwfawmhbl;}
rsufapmif;cJí..
]olUa,musm;f&,fvdkU tm;udk;ygw,f}
]a,mufsm;&,fvdkU tm;udk;w,fqdkwmu xkH;pHpum;vdk jzpfaevdkUyguGm? wu,fqdk awmh
a,mufsm;awG[m rdef;rawGxuf xl;rpGHygbl;}
]udk,fhudk,fudk 'DavmiftxifrBuD;eJUav? [dkbufcef;u armifxifvif;ac:wdkifyif
Munfh&atmif}
]oluaum...ighxuf bmwdk;omtkH;rSmvJ}
]oltckwavm aq;wHaomufNyD; OD;pH&Sm; pwdkifrsKd;vkyfaew,fawmh}
]'gu olt&ifaq;ayghvdyfaomufwkef;u t0wfrD;aygufawmh zm&awmholUrdef;r qJvdkU
aq;wHajymif;aomufwmyguGm}
]bmbJjzpfjzpfav...eD;eD;em;em; wdk;wdk;azmfqdk olbJ&SdwmbJ}[kqdkNyD; ]armifodef; armifa&}
vSrf;ac:vdkuf\/ (uavmifemrnf xifvif;? vlemrnf udkodef;armif jzpf\/)
wzufcef;rS...
]cnm..}
]vmprf;ygtkH;uG,f...'dkUawmh acgif;rD;avmifaeNyD}
]'gjzifh tdrfrul;cif rD;owfpufoGm;ac:ygvm;? uRefawmfawmhrtm;bl;}
]tm;udk;&ygayhuG,f...'gr[kwfzl;? aomfwmaqGwkdUudpö..rif;b,fvdkxifovJ}
]aoMuNyDaomfvnf;aumif; raoMuao;bl;aomfvnf;aumif; ESpfrsKd;xifp&m&Sd w,f}
]tr,f..eHr,feJUvdkufatmif txifujzifh vif;ayuG,f? uJ...'gjzifh raoMuao;&if vudk
vSrf;pum;ajymawmh bmvdkUacG;rom;u pum;rjyefovJ.}
]'gu'Dvdk&Sdw,f? aomfwmaqGpdwf uRefawmfodw,f 'Daumifu vlU*Gpm? aywdayuyf&,f?
olaoNyDqdkawmh vlawGu wu,fESajrmMur,f xifaew,f? EdkUNyD; &Ir0 uvJ
olU0w¦Kta[mif;awG pmtkyfjyefxkwfvdrfhr,f atmufarhaew,f? tJ'DawmhrS olu
tNrdefUom;jyefvmNyD; udkausmfqDu aiGawmif; t&ufqdkif0ifrSmAs/ 'Dvdk&nf&G,fcsufeJU
olaocsifa,mif aqmifaewmjzpfEdkifw,f}
]tif;...tawG;tac:ujzifh racb;uGJU? pkHavmufvrf;ra0;bl;}
]b,fa0;rvJ? trSefu uRefawmfheHr,f[m ]pH&Sm;}jzpfzdkUAs? uRefawmfhtazu
pkHaxmufarmifpH&Sm;0w¦KawGoabmusNyD; uRefawmfhrarG;rD olUjrif;rav;udk pH&Sm;rSnfh
ypfvdkufvdkU a[m...uRefawmfhusawmh armifodef;armifjzpf&wmAsm? awmuf..tazhES,f
odyfavmwmbJ}
]rdbudk tjypfrwifaumif;ygbl;? 'geJUwck pOf;pm;p&m&Sdjyefwmu olwkdUeJUygoGm; wJU
atmufqD*sif"mwfu 10-&ufpmxuf rydkbl;qdk? tck t&ufESpfq,fausmfoGm;NyD}
]'guawmh [dkwkef;u vrSm avr&Sdbl;qdkayr,fh tck&Sdcsif&SdaerSm? uJ..'Dawmh 'Dvdk vkyf?
usKyftBuHwckay;r,f}
]ay;ygarmif&,f....ay;yg}
]tck paumhwvefu xGuforQ paumh(cs)0DpuDawGudk tar&duefu vuf0g;BuD;
tkyf0,fNyD;awmh ArmjynfrSm uGefjrLepfqefUusifbufa&;wJU pma&;q&mawGukd vdkcsif
oavmufay;aeNyDvdkUom vSrf;ajymvdkuf? 'Daumifwu,fvdkU aoonfhwdkifatmif
ao&mu axmifxvmrSmbJ}
,if;onfü udkvwfrSm ]bdk;bdk;atmifonf odrfBuD;aps;ü qif;NyD; ZmabmfbD wxnf
ta<u;0,fonf}[k ,kHMunfavmufaom XmerSMum;&aom awmtzGm;BuD;uJUodkU
tHUMojcif;BuD;ru? tHUMoum rsufvkH;aMumifawmif yg;pyfa[mif;avmif;ESifh xdkif&mrS
xvmNyD; &kwfw&uf....
][m;...udkodef;armif...'DtBuH[m cifAsm;atmf&D*sife,fvf oufoufzJvm;? vkH;vkH;
cifAsm;OD;aESmufxJu xGufwmbJvm;? 'grSr[kwf wckcku rSD;&ao;ovm;}
udkodef;armifrSm tjyif;txef *kPf,laom rsufESmESifh...
][m...uRefawmfhudk,fydkif oufoufygAsm? b,furSrSD;&wmr[kwfygbl;? bk&m;pl;&
ygap&JU? rdk;BudK;ypf&ygap&JUumvem wdkuf&ygap&JU..}
]tdk;..usKyfawmh woufvkH; tHUMovdkUukefrSm r[kwfawmhbl;? cifAsm;udkwb0vkH;
csD;usL;vdkUNyD;rSm r[kwfawmhbl;? awmuf...wu,fAsm..wu,f? cifAsm;udk usKyf[dkwkef;u
'gavmuf rxifcJUbl;? tckrS...tckrS?urf;rGef;uGef*&uf*sLav;&Sif; &Sdwf(u)wJif;...
udkodef;armifrSm vufurf;&if;...
]odyfawmh rzspfeJUaemf? udkvwfvufu uRefawmfhvufxuf ydefao;w,f}
]rem&apygbl;Asm...pdwfcsyg}
olwkdUESpfa,muf vufqJGvIyf,rf;aeMupOf? trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfu..
]b,fhES,fvJ udkvwf...tckeawmh? a,mufsm;awGu rdef;rawGxuf xl;cRefwm
r[kwfygbl;uGm}
udkvwfckrs olU[mol owd&ovdkjzpfvsuf...
]at;...[kwfw,f...[kwfw,f? udk,fajymvdkufrdw,f? aqm&D;...aqm&D;? ighpum;
igjyef&kyfodrf;ygw,fuGm} wzefudkodef;armifbufvSnfhNyD; ]'DrSm..udkodef;armif? cifAsm;[m
a,mufsm;xkw&yfvkH;&JU *kPfudkaqmifvdkufwmbJAsm? cifAsm;vdkvlrsKd; &mpkwckrSm
wa,mufxGef;um;&if 'Db'´urÇm uHaumif;wmbJAsm? urf;rGef;...0rf;prdk;..&Sdwf(u)[Jif;..}
olwkdUESpfa,mufwzefvufqGJ vIyf,rf;aeMupOf udkodef;armifrdef;r rcifonf
aps;ujyefvmonfjzpfí owif;pmwapmifudkifum tajy;uav; vmvsuf...
]a[mh'DrSm Armjynfudk 'kH;ysHBuD;wpD; a&mufvmowJU}
tm;vkH;olUpum;pdwf0ifpm;Muum 0rf;omtm;&ESifh...
][if..aomfwmaqGwdkU jyefvmMuNyDaygh}
]r[kwfzl;...? r[kwfzl; olwkdUpD;oGm;wJU 'kH;ysHr[kwfzl; tar&duefu aemufwck
ydkUvdkufwm? topfwJU a[m'DrSm "mwfykHvJygw,f owif;pmzwfMunfh}
jrefrmjynfodkUtar&duefjynfu 'kH;ysHBuD;wpD;ydkUvdkufjyefjcif;
,cif'kH;ysHrSm vl 5a,mufpD;Edkifí ,ck[monf 6a,mufo,faqmifEdkif\/ ab;tEÅ
&m,fvnf;ydkí pdwfcs&onf/ cs,f*gvDpD;&wmavmufrS rcufcJ/ armif;&efvnf;
tvGefvG,ful\/ qdkufum;eif;wwfvQifvnf;aumif;? bdkifpu,fpD;wwfvQif
vnf;aumif;? bmrQtxl;oifMum;aep&m rvdkawmh/ pGefUpm;rnfh ol&Jaumif;rsm;
vdkaeonf/ tpdk;&u qkaiGay;vdrfhrnfjzpfaMumif;/
þtxdzwfNyD; trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfonf 0rf;omtm;&ESifh
][if...?'Dvdkqdk udkvwf? olwkdU&Sdr&Sd vSrf;pkHprf;raeeJUawmh? wcgxJvdkufoGm;Mu& atmif?
aoMu&ifvJtavmif;awGUMurSmbJ? v&JU qGJiifjcif;eJU urÇm&JUqJGiifjcif;? nDrQwJU ae&mrSm
aomfwmaqGu t&ifwacgufuvdk ursif;vdkU 'kH;ysHuajcvGwfNyD; rrSDrurf;jzpf
aew,fqdk&if....? vrf;rSmawGUrSmbJ}
udkvwfuvnf;...
]at;...aumif;w,fa[h...rif;tBuH? c&pfprwfeJU vGwfvyfa&;yGJeJU 'dkUausmif;ydwf
xm;wkef;...? tm;vJaewmbJ? EdkUNyD;...igu bdkifpu,fvufvTwfawmif pD;EdkifaewmbJ?
armif;bkdUvJ rcJ,Of;awmhbl;}
][kwfw,f...? udkodef;armifaum vdkufygvm;..}
trBuD;uajymonfü armifxifvif;u...
]cke uRefawmfajymwJUtBuHwdkif; pkHprf;MunfhtkH;av}
][m...rvdkawmhygbl;? olwkdUaoao raoaooGm;MurSmbJ? aovJtavmif;awGU? raovJ
olwkdUtHUMooGm;Mu&atmif...}
armifxifvif;rSm rauseyfEdkifao;../
]r[kwfzl;av? uRefawmfhtBuHtbdk;wefuav; tvum;rjzpf&atmif b,fhES,fvJ
udkvwf...}
ppfulawmif;onfü udkvwfuvnf; at;pufpufjzpfum
]cifAsm;tBuH tckeawmh aumif;&dk;rSefygw,f? 'gayr,fh tckawmh okH;p&mrvdk awmhygbl;?
[kwfw,f/ olwkdUararajymawmh aomfwmaqG aocsifa,mif aqmifaewJU aumif?
'dkUa&mufawmh tHUtm;oifhoGm;&atmif...}
þwGifü armifxifvif;rSm olUudkckeu tMuD;tus,f csD;rGrf;jcif;cH&onfhtBuH?
&kwfw&uftvum;jzpfoGm;&onfESihf taMumif;ppfvdkufawmh olUr,m; 'Dowif;pm,lí
japf&jcif;aMumifh csufjcif;yif ZeD;armifESHuawmufuqwfjzpfMuav\/
wpwpESifh aemufqHk;ü.....
] [Jh .... eifhaMumifh[Jh.... }
] tdk... igeJUbmqdkifwkef;... }
] eif.... 'Dowif;pm,lvmvdkU[Jh... }
] usKyf,lrvmaum.... olwdkU[m olwdkU rawGUMuawmhbl;wJhvm;.... }
] rawGUbl;[Jh.... olwdkUu b,fawmhrS owif;pmzwfwmr[kwfbl;[Jh.... }
þwGifudkvufu0ifí jzefajz\/
] [kwfw,f...[kwfw,f...rcifom ,lrvm&if 'Dowif;pm 'dkUzwfjzpfrSmr[kwfzl;.. }
armifxifvif; ydka'gyGum....
] uJ...uJ...eifhaMumifhppfppfqdkwm aocsmNyD r[kwfvm; bmajymcsifao;vJ.... }
] rajymcsifygbl;? NyD;wm NyD;ygapawmh..... }
] rNyD;Edkifbl;? igygolwdkUeJU vdkufoGm;r,f? 'grS zGG[...rajymaumif;...rqdkaumif; igao&if
eifcav;awGeJU 'ku©a&mufatmif }
] tHrmav;.... ra&mufao;bl;? usKyfuawmh bDatratmifayrJh? yxri,f
atmifxm;wmbJ? 0efMuD;csKyf&JU omoemh&dyfomrSmaygh..... }
] avQmuf.... avQmuf..... }
þodkUESifhaemufrsm;rMumrD owif;pmrsm;xJü 6 a,mufpD; 'Hk;ysHMuD;ESifh aomfwmaqG
wdkUaemuf vdkufMurnfh ol&Jaumif;rsm;..../
1/ OD;cifarmifvwf /
2/ cifcsKdcspf /
3/ armifxifvif; wdkUjzpfaMumif;? aemufvdkuf csifolrsm;&SdvQif 3 a,muf
pmawmif&Sdao;aMumif;/
oGm;&ef oHk;&ufrQtvdkü udk,fvHk;udk,fxnf awmifhawmifh &kyfajzmifh? tom;ndKndK?
ESmwHay:ay:? rsufvHk;&GJ&GJESifh rdef;rysKdwa,muf {&dyfomodkU a&muf&Sdvmojzifh
tusdK;taMumif;udkar;&m 'Hk;ysHESifhvdkufvdkaMumif; ajym\/
olwdkU tHhtm;oifhum udkvwfu....
] [Jh... rdef;uav;&JU? oufpGefUqHzsm; bmaMumifh vdkufcsifwmvJ? 'dkUurS 'dkUorD; twGufrdkU
a[m'D armifodef;armifqdkwmuvJ olUrdef;reJU pm;um;uawmufuqwf rsm;MuvdkU..... }
rdef;rysdKu r&GHUr&JESifh....
] usru aomfwmaqGU &nf;pm;yg..... }
] a[.... [kwfvm;.... }
odkUaomf jrif;r OD;oGm;vdkUom pH&Sm; rjzpfvdkuf&aom armifodef;armifrSm uysmu&m
aq;wH yg;pyfaumufwyfvdkufjyD; qifjcifwHk trlt&m jyvsuf....
] aeygtHk; cav;r... rif;aomfwmaqG &nf;pm;qdkwm b,fvdk taxmuftxm;eJU
,Hk&rSmvJ... bifwef a[mvfwdkU tif;,m;aqmifwdkUrSm rif;vdk &kyfacsmacsm rdef;cav;awG
trsm;MuD; &Sdw,f? uJ-olwdkUu wa,mufpD vmjyD; usraomfwmaqGU &nf;pm;yg? usr
aomffwmaqG &nf;pm;yg qdkwdkif;om ,Hk&a&mfrcufygvm;... }
rdef;rysdKonf pdwfravQmh/ olUvufayG tdwfxJodkUvufEIdkufNyD; "gwfyHkwpfyHkxkwfum
] 'DrSm... udkudk aqGU "gwfyHk &Sdygw,f/ olusrudk ay;xm;wm.... }
udkodef;armif;,lMunfhum....
]tif;... aomfwmaqG t&ufrl;rl;eJU &dkufxm;wJh "gwfyHkawmh[kwfNyD? odkUaomf aocsmatmif
.... }[k pl;&SaomrsufvHk;rsdK;ESifh"gwfyHk ausmbwfudk vSefMunfhvdkuf&m....
]tvdk...cspfnDrav;odkUvdkUpma&;xm;ygvm;...&nf;pm;vdkUrqdkygvm;... }
][kwfygw,f... 'gu oleJUusreJU &nf;pm; rjzpfcifuay;wmrdkUyg..... }
]EdkU rif;wdkU[mu b,fvdkjzpfMuwmvJ? armifESrvdkUqdkMujyD; usm;udkufcH&r,fh
taygufygvm; }
þwGif raeomawmhbJ trBuD; cifrsdK;cspfu Mum;0ifí....
]tr,fav; udkodef;armifES,f? 'grdsK;om usm;udkufcH&r,fqdk&if ckacwf jrefrmjynfrSm
aomfwmaqGvdk aemufaygufpma&;q&mawG waumifrS r&Sdawmhbl;? olwdkU wawG[m
'DvdkbJ cspfnDrav;qdkwmu pa*:MuwmbJ }
,if;ü uav;rtm;wufum .....
][kwfygw,f? oleJUusr tJovdkup cJhMuygw,f? a[mh'DrSm ola&;cJhwJh pmwapmifawmif
ygygao;w,f } [k qdkí tdwfxJrS xkwfay;\/
udkodef;armifu,lí toHus,fus,f zwf\/
]tcspfwumh tcspfqHk;wdkUxufykdí tcspfvSqHk; ] cdkif }/] cdkif } eJU tudkaqG[mav udkMuD;
nDrav;b0u wpwpeJU umva&GUvsm;NyD; waeUaomtcgrSm ESpfudk,fcsOf; jyap vdkU
tqdkoGif;wJhtajc a&mufcJhNyDaemf/ cdkifhudk tudkaqGodyfcspfwmbJ cdkif&,f...? b,fvdk
cspfwmrSef;udk rodbl;/ tudkaqGrSm touf ESpf'gZifausmfcJhNyDrdkU cdkif[m tudkaqG
]tcspfOD;} &,fvdkU awmhjzifh [dk-wifhw,fwdkU oef;aqGwdkU a*:enf;rsdK;eJUawmh rygygbl;/
odkUaomf ]tcspfqHk;} &,fvdkUawmh ac:&r,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdk&if tudkaqG
cktouft&G,ftxd cdkifhudk cspfwJhtcspfrsdK;[m wcgrS rBuHKbl;ao;bl;/ b,favmufrsm;
b,fvdkrsm;cspfovJqdkwm vlUom; vlUOmPfrsufpdjzifhawmh xkwfaz:vdkU rjyEdkifawmhbl;/
tJ vlowå0gawGtwGif; pdwf"gwfukd 'dAÁpu©KeJU twGif;om;jrifEdkifwJh ewfodMum;rsm;u
MuD;rSL;NyD; vlUjynfrSm ] tcspfqHk;armif } NydKifyGJvkyf&ifjzifh 'DbJGUxl;udk {ueftrSef tukdaqG
&rSmygbJ cdkif&,f? wu,fbJ ,Hkygawmh/ cspforS odyfcspfwmbJ/ [if;[if;-'DtcspfrsdK;
wcgrS rBuHKbl; ao;bl;/ bk&m;pl;yg&ap&JU? rdk;BudK;ypfyg&ap&JU? umvem wdkuf&ygap&JU?
acG;bk&if*sDem ayguf&yg&ap&JU }
ukdodef;armifyif pmzwf&if; rcsifhr&Jjzpfvmum qufíyif rzwfEdkifawmhbJ.....
]awmuf-aomfwmaqGu w,fNyD; &nf;pm;pm a&;aumif;ygvm;? pum;vHk;
toHk;tEIef;uvJ tifrwefrSodrfarGU nufanmwmbJ}
][kwfuJh&Sifh? usr 'gaMumifh olUudk BudKufoGm;wmaygh}
uav;ru qdkavonf[lownf;/
pl;[l;[l;- &SL;.....
olwdkU 'Hk;ysH v em;odkU csOf;uyfonfü pufudk &yfvdkufavonf/ wjznf;jznf; v qDodkU
eD;eD;vmNyD; a&mufvdkaZmESifh v ajrtjyifudk vSrf;ívSrf;í MunfhcJhMu&m? aemufqHk;wGif
v tay:rSm &yfvsuf&Sdaom 'Hk;ysHwckudk jrif&onfü tm;vHk; 0rf;omtm;&jzpfum.....
]a[m-a[m olwdkU 'Hk;ysHawmhawGUNyD}
]'dkU orD;av; toufeUJ udk,fheJU awGUyg&ap&Sif}
]usr tudkaqGvJ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef &Sdygap&Sif}
cdkifuajymonfü udkodef;armifu....
]tdk-pdwfcsyg oli,fr&,f? olwoufvHk; aorJh vlr[kwfygbl;}
cdkifu olUpum;em;rvnfí.....
]b,fvdkygvJ&Sif}
] olUwoufrSm ol b,fawmhrS raobl;ajymwmyg }
]atmf.....}
olwdkU'Hk;ysHajrjyifay:a&mufvmaomtcgüolUxufigtvsifqif;Muum
]aomfwmaqGa&...MunfMunfa&... } ac:Muvsuf [dk'Hk;ysHqDodkU ajy;oGm;Mu\/odkUaomf
jyefxl;oHrMum;&&Hkru xdk'Hk;ysHxJ wufMunfhMuaomtcgü b,folrSr&Sd/
]wae&m&m oGm;aeMuw,fxifyg&JU? a&Smuf&Sm Mu&atmif}
v \qGJiifjcif;"gwfonf uREkfyfwdkU urÇm\ qGJiifjcif;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm
tm;i,fojzifh olwkdUudk,fawGrSm avt,OfpD;ae&ouJUodkUyif vsifjrefayghyg;pGm [dk[dk'D'D
ajy;vTm;&SazGMu\/
]MunfMunfa&...}
]aomfwmaqGa&}
]orD;a&...}
]tudkaqGa&..cdkif vdkufvmcJUw,fav}
waMumfaMumf ac:Mu\/
odkUaomf jyefxl;oHrMum;&/
aemufqkH;ü bk&m;...bk&m;...olwdkUa&SUwGif t&dk;pkESpfck/
rsuf&nfawGtkMuNyD/ &ifacgif;awG qdkUíepfí &kwfw&uftoHawGwdwfoGm;um
wa,mufrsufESm wa,mufMunfhMuawmhonf/ cPtwGif;üum; t&dk;pkrsm; teD;odkU
ajy;oGm;vsuf...
]atmifr,fav;..udk,fusKd;eJMuNyDaygh? usrorD;uav; uwdk;rIH t&kd;ykHjzpfaeyg
yaumvm;..udkvwf&JU}
]trBuD; cifrsKd;cspfu aps;OD;ayguf idkvdkuf\/
ckdifhrsufESmrSmvnf; rsuf&nfawG jynfhaeum...
]tdk...tudkaqG...tudkaqG? jyygtkH;&Sif? b,f'if;u tudkaqGvJ}
Munfat;ESifh aomfwmaqGrSm t&yfcsif; rwdrf;r,drf;jzpfaeí &kwfw&uf t&dk;ykH
csif;rcGJEdkif/ udkxifvif;u aoaocsmcsmMunfh&if;...
]aeMutkH;...aeMutkH;..awmfMumidkwmawG aomufvGJawG jzpfukeftkH;r,f? uJ..uJ..
a[m'Dbufu[m rdef;rt&dk;ykH Munfat;? tJ[dkbufu[m aomfwmaqGbJ}
xdkt&dk;ykHem; cdkifajy;í 'l;axmufum...
]tr,fav;...tudkaqG tudkaqG ysKdUartvmaESmif;wmeJU tavmif;awmif t&dk; ta&
ppfaeygyaumvm;}qdkNyD;rS toHukef[pfum...
]tr,fav; usr&nf;pm;BuD;yg&Sif...a[m'D vçc&D;oGm;wm tBudrfBudrfrSmvdkufyg&JU
tcsdefMum&if tcsdefMum&if cdkifuvTrf;wmawmh ydkiforQtpGrf;eJUav...olUudkxm;yg&JU?
tr,fav; ckvdkrsm;jzpfr,fod&if cdkifrvTwfzl;&Sifh...rvTwfzl;? twif;zufxm;r,fod&JUvm;
[if;...[if;}
wufoGm;awmhcref;jzpfí udkxifvif;u vufESifh az;rum....
]owdxm;yg cav;r&,f? odyfpdwfrBuD;ygeJU? atmf aomfwmaqG.. aomfwmaqG oGm;&SmNyD?
tif;...oleJU aemufqkH;tBudrfawGUMuwkef;u ajymoGm;wmav; rSwfrdygao;
]udkxifvif;&,fwJU paumhcsf0DpuDrsm; w,faumif;ygvm;wJU? uRefawmfom [dkolaX;orD;
&vdkU ydkufqH csrf;omr,fqdk&if a*smfeD0g;um;udkcsnfh aeUa&mnyg aomufaerSmbJAsm}wJU
tif;...ocFg&..ocFg&...? EdkUNyD; oltrSwfw&ajymoGm;wmav; wck&Sdao;? waeUoleJU
uRefawmf paumhaps;xJ jzwfavQmuftvm rdef;uav;wa,muf acsmuacsm acwfu
qefeJU touf 16-ESpfavmufzJ&SdtkH;r,f? cg;ao;&ifcsD y'kr®meDuav;? vlwdkif;ai;Munfh
&atmif edyfw,f...? tJ'gav;jrifawmh olubmajymw,f rSwfovJ ]udkxifvif;&,fwJU?
cifAsm;uawmh uRefawmfhudk awmusw,fbJajymajym? &dk;w,fbJqdkqdk? tçw,fbJajymcsif
ajym? acwfrrSDbl;bJ qdkcsifqdkAsmwJU? uRefawmfhpdwfxJ&Sdwm ajym&&if 'Daumifrav;rsKd;
&r,fqdk&if ckbJ ,lvdkufcsifao;}owJU? atmf...aomfwmaqG? aomfwmaqG? olaumif;
om;BuD; ckawmh refvupsmef<u&SmNyD...}
þtcdkuf trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfu...
]atmifr,fav;..orD;av;&JU ararwkdUvmwm xMunfhygtkH;awmhvm;uGJU..[JU..[JU}
awmoHygygBuD; atmfidkcsvdkuf&m? udkvwfu em;ESpfzufydwfí...
]a[h..rif;idkwmBuD;uvJ a&SmfvdkufwmuGm? uAsmav;bmav;eJU vkyfyg}
]atmifr,fav;..pdwfESvkH; xdcdkuf&wJUtxJ &kwfw&uf uAsmawGum&efawG
b,fawG;EdkiftkH;rvJ&Sifh}
]EdkU oluawmh cdkifudkjyí ppcsif;bJ um&efawG eabawGeJUygvm;}
]tdk..olwkdUu orD;&nf;pm;qdkawmh 'Dtouft&G,f orD;&nf;pm;qdkwmu tvum;ae&if;
'grsKd;awG;aewmbJ? udk,fvJ BuKHcJU&ufom;eJU}
ajymwkef;qdkwkef;yif cdkifu aumufíusL;&ifhvdkufjyef\/
]oJESpfqdkif arwåmrQygvdkU
pGJydkifydkif cspfo'¨g <uumy
NrJcdkifcdkif opömvJ ocJUordkU
(udkaqGa&U...) jzpf&mb0udkwJU cdkifvdkufr,f/
raebl;armif&JU cdkifvdkufcJUr,f odvm;
tr,fav;..usr tcspfOD;BuD;yg &SifwkdU&JU...b0tjzpful;um wrvGefodkUjref;&Smaygh?
pcef;rvSw,f pef;vtv,frSm? yef;vsoG,foG,f r,fh&ifjzifh uGJ&vdrfh a[mh...'db0if
toJawG uRrf;a<uvkNyDawmh tkH;...tkH;..}
]tdk..udk,fh&ifbwf udk,frxkeJUav? cav;r owdxm;rSaygh? [,f...[,f..wufoGm;
NyD..trBuD;vkyfygtkH;}
udkxifvif; ajcrudkifrd vufrudkifrd rsufvkH;rsufqefjyL;jzpfum trBuD;u cdkifhudk,fudk
az;,lESmESyfay;aepOf udkvwfu toHav;BuD;ESifh...
]w,fcufygvm;uG,f&dkU [if;..}oufjyif;BuD; csvkduf\/
cdkif jyefowd&vmaomtcg trBuD;u..
]uJ..uJ..oli,fr nnf;awmfawmh? nnf;yifyef;vSNyD? usefwJUESpfydk'f igqufidkr,f?
ighvifu um&efeJU eabeJU ridkaumif;vm; ajymaew,f? 'gayr,fh t&G,fuBuD;awmh
nnf;wdkUvdk tqGJtiif tvSnfhtyJUeJU [uf[uf [J[Jawmh ratmfcsifawmhbl;? oHrSef
oHcsKdavmufzJ}[k pum;cHNyD;rs..
a&TvrSm ,kef0yfvdkU
qefzGyfwJU tbdk;tdkudk
rsufESmcsKd &Tif&TifaoG;umy
ykHjyifawG wGifwGifay;ygvdkU
urÇmudk jyefvmawmha&;r,fwJU
uav;iJU..r,fh'gvD&,f
&nf&G,fcJU pdwfxJ/
ckawmhjzifhav...
toufcE¨ma<uvdkU
pHXmae jyefra&mufEdkifawmh
BuHwmawG [efrajrmufavbk
jrefrmjynf uHraxmufw,f
orD;a&..nnf;rSef;oavmufvJG.../
þrS udkvwfu acgif;ndwfum...
]'Dvdkqdkawmh udk,fhrdef;ru t[kwfBuD;bJuG? uJ..uJ..idkwmawG awmfMuawmh}qdkNyD;
cdkifhbufvSnfhí ]oli,frav;&,f...vlqdkwm aorsKd;csnfhaygh? rif;wkdUigwkdUvJ waeU
ao&rSmbJ igwkdUokH;vlUxG#fxm; &Sifawmfbk&m;aomfrS..}
þwGif w&Iwf&Iwf &Idufaeaomcdkifu...
]tr,fav;...w&m;rjyygeJU udkBuD;&,f..}
]Mum;&wm em;0ifrcsKdbl;...
ocifvdk vifvdkvJ cspfcJUolrdkU..
rvTJom cGJcGmvdkU ypf&awmh
tjypf&SdorQ 0efcsvdkU
uefawmhvdkufygr,f..}[k qdkNyD; ykqpfwkyfum vGrf;oHuav; aESmvsuf.../
]cdkifh cspfoufa0
tudkaqG&JU...
&dkao nTefusKd;vufpkHrdk;í
&Sdcdk;aumfa&mf..
cdkif uefawmhvdkufyg&JU
ravQmharwåm
armifaoygvnf;
armifomudkbJ
r,fhtoJwGif
tNrJMuifrnfwJUrS tNrJMuifrnf}
olOD;csNyD;aomtcgü udkvwfu...
]uJaowJUvlawGvJ romjzpfMuNyD? jyef&SifawmhrSmr[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh 'dkUu olwkdU twGuf
bmjyKvkyfMurvJom pOf;pm;bdkU&Sdawmhw,f}
trBuD;/ ]usrawmh o&P*kHwifypfcJUcsifw,f? oydwfawmh tdrfusrS oGyfwmaygh}
udkvwf/ ]rif;o&P*kH wifawmhbkef;BuD;u b,frvJuG..}
]wyg;avmuf jyefyifhwmaygh udkvwf&,f? toGm;tjyef 24em&DtwGif; jyefa&muf
EdkifwmbJ? bmMumwmrSwfvdkU}
]'gjzifh udkodef;armif jyefyifhacsAsm? cifAsm; 'kH;ysHarmif;wwfw,fr[kwfvm;? tvm wkef;u
usKyfarmif;wm tjrifom;bJ}
]'gu wwfygw,f? uRefawmfvJ aeUwdkif; bdkifpu,fpD;aewmbJ? cufwmu b,f
bkef;BuD;rS rvdkufzJaerSm pdk;&w,f..}
]'gawmh cifAsm;pGrf;&nfay:rSm wnfwmbJ wyg;yg;awmh r&&atmif yifhcJUayghAsm}
]aumif;NyDav...uRefawmfoGm;r,f.? atmf..'geJU cP}
]bmwkef;}
]aomfwmaqGtwGuf idkcsif;av;wyk'fawmh cscJUtkH;rSbJ? EdkUr[kwf&if 'Daumifu
olaowmawmif ridkbl;vdkU jzpfav&m b0uaeNyD; olU0w¦KawGxJ xnfha&;aerSm
pdk;&w,f? udkvwfcifAsm;aum....ridkbl;vm;}
]usKyfvlBuD;idkvdkU oifhavsmfr,frxifaygifAsm..}
]at;av....uRefawmfbJidkr,f? tif;...idkr,fqdkawmif b,fvdkidk&yefU? atmf..odNyD? odNyD?
a&T[FomzdkrtvdkufzJ ESHUvdkufr,f? 'gawmif 'Daumifu rif; atmf&D*sife,fvf r[kwfzl;?
rSD;wmBuD;qdkNyD; rausreyfjzpfaetkH;rvm; rodbl;}
]tr,fav;Asm...'gavmufvJ rwGufygeJU? wcsKdUatmf&D*sife,fvfa0;vdkU rSD;awmif
rrSD;wwfvdkU wdkuf&dkufcsnf;bmomjyefae&wJU vlawG&Sdao;wm idkrSm idkyg..}
]at;av..idkr,f? t[rf;...t[rf;}
cHwGif;&Sif;vdkufNyD;aemuf...]
]idkawmhr,fqdk...&DFw,fvdkUjzpfzl;? aomfwmaqG armifESr&,f? tvdkAsm aemifb0udk ul;
[l;...[l;..}
t[wf....[wf...[m;
olwdkUu uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,muf wu,faoMuNyDayghav? trSefu b,faovdrfh
rvJAsm.../ urÇmwckrSmoGm;NyD; ZdrfawGUaeMuwm/ olwkdUrodvdkUomaygh/ odrsm;odMu&if
idkr,fhtpm; b,favmufrsm; qJvdkufMurvJvdkU../
uJ...tck b,fub,fvdk a&mufaeMuovJ/
uRefawmfwkdU 'kH;ysHvçodkUa&mufaomtcg 0rf;omtm;& armifESrESpfa,muf 'kH;ysH ay:rS
qif;Muonf/
][if udkaqG? oJuEÅm&v[mjyif oufoufygvm;..}
]qdwfokOf;aewJUurÇma[mif;uav;wckvdkU avmu"mwfq&mawGu qdkMuwmbJ}
]ouf&Sdowå0g bmrSr&Sdbl;aemf....}
]tyifrSr&Sdwm? b,fowå0g &SdEdkifrvJ? [...[..tvdk}
uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,muf pum;wajymajymESifh vrf;avQmufae&mrS &kwfw&uf
yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifh &yfvdkufMuygonf/ taMumif;rSm rkwfqdwfzGm;zGm; yg;odkif;arT;
um;um;ESifh vlBuD;wa,muf uRefawmfwkdU wl&lodkU vmaeonfudk awGU&aomaMumifh/
Munfat;onf txdwfwvefUESifh uRefawmf\vufarmif;udk qGJudkifvdkufum...
]b,fhES,fvJ..udkaqG}
uRefawmfrSm vnf;aygif;wnfom;yif jzpfvifhupm; þae&mü tvGeftrif;
aMumuf&GHUaeum...
]b,fhES,frSrvJbl;? ajy;rSbJxifw,f}
aemufodkU ajcvSrf;jyifvdkufonfü..
]tdk;aeygtkH;? Munhfudk xm;cJUawmhrvm;...}
]rxm;cJUvdkU b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? udk,fuyef;bJarmifwifhw,fvJr[kwf? pma&;q&m
wifhw,fvJr[kwf}
]bbvwfwdkUu toufeJUvJ umuG,f&r,fvdkU rSmvdkufwmaum..}
]umuG,fcsifygw,f? 'gayr,fhaMumufw,f? vTwf...vTwf...MunfMunfighvTwf..?
eD;vmaeNyD}
]vTwfzl;}
]'Dvdk...awmufwJUuyf uyfaevdkU ESpfa,mufpvkH; aoukefvdrfhr,f}
]aoao-wuxJ [dkuudk,fh&efjyKrSmvm;...rjyKrSmvm;rSvJ rod&ao;bl; wu,fvdkU
&efjyKawmif udk,fwdkUu ESpfa,mufolu wa,mufxJ}
]wa,mufxJaum..eJwJU cE¨mudk,fBuD;vm;? uRJaygufBuD;usaewmbJ? vTwf..vTwf}
]tdk..[dku rsufESmtrlt&mvJ MunfhygtkH;? &efjyKr,fr[kwfygbl; rsufESmuNyKH;vdkU?
a[m..a[m...vufajrSmufawmif EIwfqufvmw,f}
[kwfyg\/ þwGifrS uRefawmf taMumufajyoGm;um wcPtwGif;ü &Sufrdyg
awmhonf/ xdkUaMumifh Munfat;udk rsufESmcsKdaoG;um....
]t-[J...[J...udk,fu wu,faMumufwmr[kwfbl;? MunfMunfhudk usDpm;csifvdkU
aMumufcsifa,mifaqmifwmyg? wu,fqdk udkaqG b,fajy;rvJuGm...? aygif;wnfom;bJ }
þtcdkuf xdkvlBuD; uRefawmfwdkU a&SUarSmufa&mufvmum NyHK;&Tifaom rsufESmESifh bmawG
ajymonfrod? vuf[efukd,f[efESifh ajymawmhonf/olU bmompum;udk uRefawmfwdkU
em;rvnfyg/ odkUaomf olUtoHxGufESifh trlt&mudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh olajymaeonfrSm
bmomwrsdK;wnf;r[kwfzJ wrsdK;jyD;wrsdK;udk prf;oyfaeaMumif;udk odomygonf/
aemufqHk;ü uRefawmfuvnf; jyefajymcsifpdwfay:vmygonf/ odkUaomf- bmpum;ESifh
ajymrnfenf;/ uRefawmfwdkU urÇmwGif b,fwdkif;jynf oGm;oGm;? bm vlrsdK;ESifh awGUawGU
t*Fvdyfpum;bJ y"mejyKonfr[kwfygvm;? xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh....
]cifAsm;ajymaewmukd uRefawmfem;rvnfygbl;/
þwGif olUrsufESm &kwfw&uf 0if;xdefoGm;um t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh....
]atmf...b'´urÇmuudk;}
uRefawmfwdkUrSm tHhtm;oifh&um....
][if...t*Fvdyfpum;wwfw,f? cifAsm;vJ uRefawmfwdkUurÇmubJvm;]
]r[kwfygbl;? uREkfyf&JU urÇmeHr,fu orórvdkU ac:ygw,f}
]'gjzifh b,fhES,fh t*Fvdyfpum; wwfaewmvJ ]
]armifwdkU b'´urÇmu t*Fvdyfpmom;r[kwfygbl;? tjcm;urÇm w'gZifavmufu
olwdkUt"duxm;wJhbmompum;awGvnf; wwfygao;w,f}
]tjcm;urÇm w'gZifavmuf}
uRefawmf tHhtm;oifhum ][if...urÇmawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdovm;}
]ra&rwGufEdkifatmif &Sdwmaygharmif&,f}
]udkaqGbJ pMu0Vm teEåvdkU vrf;rSmwkef;u ajymcJhao;w,f rIwfvm;}
Munfat;u uRefawmfudk jrefrmvdk ajymvdkuf&m? xdkvlBuD;em;rvnfbJ
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh.....
]atmf...rif;wdkUu t*Fvdyf-tar&duefvlrsdK; r[kwfzJudk;}
]r[kwfygbl;? jrefrmvdkU ac:ygw,f}
]ukdif;='gjzifh 'DajryHkrSm rif;wdkU wdkif;jynfjyprf;uG,f}[kqdkí olUtdwfxJrS uRefawmfwdkU
urÇmajryHkudk xkwfjzefUojzifh uRefawmfrSm udk,fhwdkif;jynfae&mudk jyvdkuf&NyD;?
thHMoBuD;pGmESifh....
]uRefawmfwdkU urÇmajryHk b,fhES,fvkyf&wmvJ? uRefawmfwdkUurÇma&mufzl;vdkUvm;}
]ajrjyifawmh rqif;cJhbl;ygbl;? tay:uae MunfhqGJcJhwmbJ}
]bmeJUvmwmvJ? av,mOfysHeJUvm;}
]b,f-av,mOfysHu [dkurÇm 'DurÇmoGmEdkifwm rSwfvdkUuG,f}
]'gjzifh 'Hk;ysHeJUaygh}
]'Hk;ysHqdkwmu 'dkUurÇmrSmvGefcJhwJh tESpfw&mavmufuay:cJhjyD; tckawmhroHk; awmhygbl;}
]EdkU tckoHk;wmu bmvJ }
]rif;wdkU urÇmpum;eJUqdk&if ]yefueffjym;ysH} vdkU ac:wmaygh}
][m;...yef;uefjym;ysH } uRefawmfrsufvHk;NzJum ]'gjzifh uRefawmfwdkUurÇmudk 1947-
ckESpfavmufupNyD; rMumcPvmaewJh yef;uefjym;ysHawGu cif;Asm;wdkU urÇmuaygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]bmudpö vmMuwmvJ}
]'Dvdk vnMfuywfMuwmaygh}
]ajrudkawmh wcgrS rqif;MunfhMuao;bl;vm;}
]rqif;ao;ygbl;}
]Edk-'geJU t*Fvdyfpum; b,fvdkwwfwmvJ}
]wcgwkef;u rif;wdkUav,mOfysH wpD;xJu vlawGudk 'dkUqDzrf;oGm;NyD;oif,lw,f}
]atm}
]rif;wddkU 'DudkbmeJUvmcJhMuovJ}
]'Hk;ysHeJU}
]rif;wdkUArmvlrsKd;awGu 'Hk;ysHvkyfwwfaeyvm;}
]wwfygbl;? tar&duefuay;vdkU}
]rif;wdkUqDrSm tar&duefutarmufqHk;bJaemf}
][kwfw,f.... tckES,frSmawmh olaygh}
]rif;wdkUwdkif;jynfeJU awmfawmfcifovm;}
]olwdkUuawmh uRefawmfwdkU wdkif;jynfudk odyfcspfwmbJvdkUajymwmbJ? vdkcsifwJh
tultnDvJ ay;w,f}
]tvum; ay;ovm;}
]tvum;vdkU ajymwmbJ}
]tr,f...w,fawmfwJh vlrsKd;awGygvm;? 'geJU rif;wdkU'DudkbmudpöeJUvmMuwmvJ}
]tvnftywfaygh a&mufzl;jyKbl;&Sdatmif}
]'gjzifh 'dkUurÇmudkyg vdkufcJhygvm;}
þü Munfat;ESifh uRefawmfonf wa,mufrsufESmwa,mufMunfhum jrefrm
bmomjzifh.....
]b,fhES,fhvJ...MunfMun}f
]aumif;om;bJ? 'gayr,fh b,favmufa0;vJ? b,favmufMumrvJ? b,fawmh
jyefEdkifrvJqdkwmawG ar;tHk;av}
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu vlBuD;bufvSnfhum.....
]cifAsm;wdkUurÇmu 'Duae b,favmufa0;ovJ}
]rif;wdkU urÇmxuf c&D;ESpfqavmufaygh}
]'gjzifh uRefawmfwdkU 'Hk;ysHeJU vdkufEdkifyghrvm;}
]rif;wkdU 'Hk;ysHu b,fvdkufEdkifrvJuGUJ? 'DrSm xm;cJhNyD;? ighyef;uefjym ysHeJU vdkufcJhrSaygh}
]atm...cifAsm;u yef;uefjym;ysHeJU? aumif;NyD;? uRefawmfwdkU [kdrSm b,favmufMum
ae&rvJ}
]aysmfoavmuf aeygav tppt&m&m uREkfyfu wm0efcHygw,f? jyefcsifwJh tcsdefrSm
csufcsif; a[mh 'D v? ay:udkjyefydkUr,f}
uRefawmf MunfMunfbufvSnfhvdkufum....
]uJ...b,fhES,fhvJ MunfMunfa&....}
aumif;wmaygh udkudkaqG
uRefawmfvlBuD;bufjyefvSnfhNyD;...
]aumif;ygNyD? uRefawmfwdkU vdkufr,f? cifAsm;vmcJUwmwa,mufxJvm;? tazmf
ygao;vm;}
]rygygbl;...wa,mufxJbJ}
]bmudpövJ..tvnftywfzJvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;? uREkfyfwESpfrSm wcgwcg? 'Dvay:udkvm&w,f}[kqdkNyD; olUrsufESm
nId;EGrf;oGm;um? ]atmf...cspf&if;aoG;...cspf&ifaoG;? trdkufuav;awG}
uRefawmfvnf; pdwfrcsrf;omonfh ykH[efvkyfum...
]b,fvdkbmvJ cifAsm}
]vm...vm...uREkfyfjyygr,f}[kqdkí ola&SUaqmifoGm;&m uRefawmfwdkUvdkufcJUonf/
rMumrDü t&dk;pkESpfckudk awGU&onf/
vlBuD;onf tvGefyif pdwfvufrcsrf;ompGmESifh...
]tJ'g...usKyfom;eJU acR;rayghAsm? r*FvmaqmifNyD;p 'Dvay:udk taysmfxGufvmMu &if;
taysmfusL;NyD; atmufqD*sif"mwfukefrSm arhoGm;wmeJU 'DrSmbJ toufqkH;&IH; Mu& w,f}
][if...jzpfrSjzpf&av...olwkdU'DudkbmeJU vmMuovJ}
]yef;uefjym;ysHeJU}
uRefawmf MunfMunfbufvSnfhí...
]Munfhprf;yg Munf&,f? olwkdUqDrSm [ef;eD;rGef; xGufwmawmif yef;uefjym;ysHeJU
b,favmufrsm; wdk;wufaeovJ}
wzefvlBuD;buf jyefvSnfhum...
]aeygtkH;...cifAsm;wkdUqDrSm yef;uefjym;ysHudk vlwdkif;pD;aewmbJvm;}
]vlwdkif;&,fvdkUawmh r[kwfygbl;? udk,fhvkyfief;eJUudk,f oufqdkif&m pD;Muwmaygh..}
þrQwkd;wufaeaom urÇmudk tolvdkufí rvnfywfcsifbJ&SdtHUenf;/ xdkUaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkU'kH;ysHudk vay:ü xm;cJUum xdkvlBuD;\ yef;uefjym;ysHjzifh olwkdUurÇmodkU
vdkuf cJUavownf;/
,if;odkUjzifh uRefawmfwkdUorór urÇmodkU a&mufaecdkuf/
þaeUwGif vay:rSm udkvwfonf 'kH;ysHatmufacgufwkHUacgufjyef vrf;avQmuf &if;
rausreyf yg;pyfu wzspfawmufawmuf...
]udkodef;armifAsm...udkodef;armif...? cifAsm;vkyfykHawmhusKyftHUMow,f? b,fvdk pdwful;
pdwfoef;eJUrsm; 'DvdkvkyfcJUwmvJ}
udkodef;armifonf 'kH;ysHavSum;ay:ü wifyg;qpfcsuav;xdkifae&mrS...
]'gawmh udk,frSmvdkufwJUpum;vJ udk,fjyefpOf;pm;tkH;rSayghAs? wzufowfcsnf;
tjypfwifaevdkU b,fjzpfrvJ}
udkvwfonf wefUueJ&yfvdkufum...
]usKyfu b,fvdkrSmvdkufwmrkdUvJ..}
]'Dudpöawmh..cifAsm;pGrf;&nfay:rSm wnfw,f? ]wyg;yg;awmh r&&atmifyifhcJU}qdk wmav?
'Dawmh uRefawmfwyg;yg;rS r&&atmif ryifhEdkif&if uRefawmfvlpGrf;vlp nHU&m
a&mufr,fr[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh r&&wm yifhcJUwmbJ}
]usKyfwyg;yg;ajymwmu 'Dbkef;BuD;rsKd; ajymwmr[kwfzl;As...}
]uRefawmfodygw,f? 'gayr,fh udkvwfyifhcdkif;wJU bkef;BuD;rsKd;awGu ]'dkU...Ak'¨bm om
t,lrSm vay:vlom;jzpfw,fvdkU b,fusrf;*efrS rjybl;? 'gaMumifh rvdkufEdkifbl;...}
qdkvdkU avmu"mwfynm em;vnfwJUbkef;BuD; &SmyifhcJU&wm}
]yifhcJUawmh bmvkyfzdkwJUvJ 'Dbkef;BuD;rsKd;u romudk o&P*kHwifEdkifovm;?
r*Fvmaqmifvufxyfay;cdkif;bdkU aumif;wmr[kwfvm;}
taMumif;rSm udkodef;armifyifhvmaom udk,fawmfBuD;onf t*Fvdyfbkef;BuD;
teufBuD;wnf;/
olwkdU tckajymaeaom pum;udk 'kH;ysHtxufbufü xdkifaeaom bkef;BuD;onf rMum;
r[kwfacs/ jrefrmvdk em;rvnfojzifh NyKH;pdpdBuD;om vkyfae\/
olwkdUESifhreD;ra0;wGif rsufcGHav;awGrkdU? yg;tdkUuav;awG eDaeaom cdkifESifhtwl
xdkifvsuf&Sdonfh trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfurl olwkdUajympum;udk em;axmifae&mrS udkodef;armif
udk rsufapmif;ckwfí wD;wdk;avoHjzifh/
]ujrif;xD;...a'0'wfaumif olyifhvmwmu t*Fvdyfbkef;BuD;rkdUvdkU? ukvm;bkef;
BuD;rsm;jzpf&if 'if;udk ukvm;vdk &SifjyKypfvdkufr,f...odvm;}
cdkifuawmh bmrQrajym wkHPSdbma0/
acwårQ tMumü bkef;BuD;onf udkodef;armifudk ac:íar;awmhonf/
]uREkfyfudk bmudpöyifhvmovJ? aqmif&Gufp&m&Sd&if ajymyg? tm;remygeJU uREkfyf
aocgeD;vludk tjypfvTwfay;Edkifygw,f? 'grSr[kwf owdkUorD;eJU owdkom;udk vufxyf
ay;Edkifygw,f/ tck'DrSm aocgeD; vlrsm;&Sdovm;? odkUr[kwf vufxufr,fh owkdUorD;
owkdUom;rsm;&Sdovm;}
udkodef;armif tajzray;Edkif? atmufem;u em;axmifaeaom udkvwfu wD;wdk; ojzifh-
]at; aumif;a&muG...}
,if;onfhtcdkuf0,f
tjyif;txef jrnf[nf;aom toHBuD;ESifh 0dkif;0dkif;vnfywfvmaom t&m0w¦KBuD; wck
olwdkUESifhreD;ra0; vçajrjyifay:odkU qdkufa&mufvmav&m tm;vkH;yif xdefvefU
tHUMoMuavonf/
trBuD;ESifh cdkifonf aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh wa,mufudkwa,muf zufvsuf...
odkUaomf wcPtwGif;ü olwkdUtaMumufajyoGm;&kHru? wa,mufudkwa,muf
zwfvsuf....
odkUaomf wcPtwGif;ü olwdkU taMumufajyoGm;&Hkomru? wa,mufudk wa,muf
cGmvdkufNyD; 0rf;omtm;& ajy;oGm;Muum...
]tr,fav;...tudkaqG....tudkaqG}
]tvdkav;....MunfMunf...MunfMunf}
taMumif;rSm orór urÇmrS jyefvmMuaom aomfwmaqGESifh Munfat; wdkU yef;uefjym;
ysHay:rS qif;vmMuonfudk jrifMuaomaMumifhwnf;/
olUwdkU ESpfa,mufvnf; ajy;vmMuum....
]a[;...cdkifcdkif...tcspf....tcspf...}
]tdk...arar...arar...bb...bb}
olwdkU vlcsif; qHkMuavNyD/
aomfwaqGonf cdkifudkayGUum zwfumzspfíñSpfí erf;av...erf;av ownf;.. ownf;/
erf;av....erf;...ownf; ownf;/ tif;....wu,faumif;/
þae&mü pma&;ol\ wm0efukefqHk;acsNyD/ olwdkU vlpk ,ck vçay:ü bmrsm;jyK
vkyfMurnfudk pmzwfol pOf;pm;&efom &Sdayawmhonf/
tajccHí pOf;pm;&rnfrSm....
1/ olwwfpGrf;&m wckckudkaqmif&Gufaeaom t*Fvdyfbkef;BuD;/
2/ olyifhvmwJh bkef;BuD; bmvkyfrSmwkef;[k tjypfwifcHae&aom ukdarmifodef;/ (0g)
armifxifvif;/
3/ wOD;ESifhwOD; tvGeftusL; cspf&nf vl;aeMuaom orD;&nf;pm; ESpfa,muf/
aumifrav; emrnfu ]cdkif} wJh/ aumifav; emrnfu ]aomfwmaqG}wJh/
tvJh... udk,f 'D0w¦KrSm w,fedyfaeygvm;.../
tajzrSefudk ,ckv azazmf0g&Dv 29 &ufaeUudk a&mufatmifay;ydkUEdkifoltm;
qkaiGwaxmif/
r,Hkr&SdESifhatmufyg vufrSwfa&;xdk;oludk,fwdkif wm0efcHonf/
 ( aomfwmaqG )
cdkifESifh uRefawmf\ tcspfZmwfvrf;onf þodkUvQif uRefawmfh pdwful;,Of 0w¦K
rsm;wGifom vGrf;atmif zefcJh&onf/ wlESpfudk,f aygif;oif;&efum; zl;pmuHrygcJhay/
olESifh uRefawmf jzpftifudk jyefvnfqifjcifrdonf/ ol\Zmwd |merSaeí a&SUOD;pGm olUudk
nDrav;vdk cspfyg? uRefawmfhudk tudkvdk cspfyg&ap[k olU"gwfyHkawGay;? uRefawmfh
"gwfyHkawG awmif;um vlcsif; pwif rdwfzJGUNyD;onfrS wESpfavmuf r&yfrem;
toGm;tjyef pmyg;cJhMuonf/
'Daemuf....ol &efukef a&mufvmNyD;? vlcsif; awGUMuí b*Fvm;armifESrb0 wESpfavmuf
aeMuNyD;rS a&SUwqifhwufí orD;&nf;pm; tjzpf a&mufcJhMuonf/
þwGif vlcsif; qufqHrI jcm;em;csuf uav;awG ay:vmw,f/
todkU[lrl...b*Fvm; armifESrb0wGif tudkaqG&JU b,f&kyf&Sif Munfhcsifw,f?
b,foGm;csifw,f qdkwmuol/ orD; &nf;pm;jzpfvmMuawmh b,f&kyf&Sif odyfaumif;wm
bJ? 'D&moD wd&pämef&HkxJrSm odyfom,mwmbJ? bmaumifawG topfa&mufjyefNyDqdkwmu
uRefawmf/
onfaemuf-]cdkifodkU yefMum;vTm} av;csKd;udk a&;NyD;aomtcgü olonf uRefawmf\qE´
vdkufavsmrIudk qifjcifavNyD/ ac:wdkif;r&awmhNyD/ ESpfcgrS wcgavmuf? oHk;cgrS
wcgavmuf/ tvSrf; uRJíuRJí vmonf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJrS ydkíydkí rcsifhr&J
jzpfvmonf/ aZm&ruf jyif;íjyif;íom vmcJhonf/
xdkpOfu olESifhuRefawmf b,foGm;NyD;? bmawG vkyfcJhajymcJhMuwmawG odvdkygrl? &Ir0wGif
uRefawmf a&;cJhaom 0w¦Kpm&if;wGif jyefMunfh&onf/ uRefawmfh\ pma&;q&m b0wm
&nf;pm;rsm;wGif olUtwGif 0w¦Krsm;pGm a&;cJh&ygonf/ olUtwGuf uRefawmf
aemufqHk;a&;cJhonfuawmh ]&nf;pm; w0rf;uGJ} 0w¦K ( 1954-ck? Zefe0g&Dv-&Ir0 trSwf
80 ) 4if;0w¦Kudk ,ckjyefMunfhvdkufawmh 0w¦KtpwGif....
]tdk...armif odyfuJcsifwmbJuG,f? (2-1-53) aeUpGJeJU ay;vkdufwJhpmaum&&JUvm;}
]&ygw,f? aemufrsm;rsm; a&;tHk;uG,f? EdkUNyD; wnifausmufwef; wacgufvSrf;Mu
tHk;pdkU&JU}
]awmfygtHk;...armif&,f? armifodyfuJwmbJ}
]cspfwmudk;...cdkif&JU}
]awmfyg}
]awmfbl;}
]awmfyg...qdkaeaemf}
]awmfbl;...qdkaeaemf}
]uJ...rawmf&if...bmawGajymrvJ} ]ajymprf; ajym;prf;}
]cdkifudk armifodyfcspfw,f}
]cspfawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}#ed
cspfwmudk;...cdkif&JU}
]awmfyg}
]awmfbl;}
]awmfyg...qdkaeaemf}
]awmfbl;...qdkaeaemf}
]uJ...rawmf&if...bmawGajymrvJ} ]ajymprf; ajym;prf;}
]cdkifudk armifodyfcspfw,f}
]cspfawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]cdkifu jyefMudKufua&m}
]BudKufawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]ESpfa,mufxJ csdef;awGUa&m}
]awGUawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]zuferf; a&m}
]erf;awmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]arT;a&m}
]arT;awmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]xyfxyf erf;a&m}
]xyfxyf erf;awmh bmjzpfua&mvJ }
]arma&m}
]armawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]em;a&m...}
]em;awmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]tarmajya&m}
]tarmajyawmh bmjzpfoa&mvJ}
]tarh ajyma&m}
]tarh ajymawmh bmjzpfoa&mvJ}
]taru oabmwla&m}
]wlawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]cdkifeJU armifeJU r*Fvmaqmifa&m}
]aqmifawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]vifr,m;jzpfa&m}
]vifr,m;jzpfawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]ckdifudk armifydkifa&m}
]ydkifawmh bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]ydkifawmh....ydkifawmhav}
]ajymav-ajymav...bmjzpfua&mvJ}
]tJ'D...r _bmjzpfua&mvJ av;...od&atmif...[if; vlcsif;ta0;BuD;zkef;eJU
pum;ajymae&wmrdkU ayghuGm}
]a[;...olt&IH;ay;ya[h-&Sufygw,f? &Sufygw,f}
('gawG ,ckjyefzwfawmh uRefawmf&Sufrdonf/)
cdkifESifh uRefawmfonf 1953-ck? 'DZifbmv ol\ Day off aeUtm;&ufü oHvsifausmfwef;
a&v,fbk&m;odkU waeukefoGm;cJhMu&m? tjyefwGif oabFmay:ü ajymcJhMuaom
pum;rsm;udk 0w¦KxJwGif w,fvDzkef;ESifhajymav[ef a&;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdefü
oabFmOD;ydkif; yxrwef;rSm olESifh uRefawmfESifh ESpfa,mufxJ/ oabFmcsdefu vnf;
aemufqHk; tacgufrdkU arSmifaeNyD/ &efukefqdyfurf;a&mufawmh 9-em&Dyif ausmfaeNyDrdkU
bwfpfum; tvSrf;usJojzifh uRefawmfwdkUonf um;rapmifhMuawmh bJ?
a&ausmfanmifyifav;qdyfurf;rS aq;&kHBuD; emhpfuGmbmodkU ajcvsifjyefcJhMuonf/
wa,mufwa,muf ayGUayGUzufzufrdkU.... arm&yef;&rSef; rod/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJ a&muf
vG,fw,fawmif atmufarhrd/
pifppfawmh olESifh uRefawmfESifh &nf;pm;b0wmrSm þaeUonf eHeuf 8-em&DrS n 10-
em&Dausmftxd? olESifh uRefawmfESifh waeUwmtwGuf tMum&SnfqHk; awGU&aom
tcsdefjzpfí aemufqHk;tBudrfvnf; jzpfayawmhonf/
taMumif;rSm cdkifonf xdkrS aemufxyf uRefawmfac:&m tjyifodkU rvdkufawmh acs/
uRefawmftwif;oGm;í olwdkU{nfhcef;wGif;rS aemufqHk;wBudrfom tawGUcHNyD;? ol
uRefawmfhudk tNyD;jzwfvdkufawmh\/
onfwkef;u uRefawmf oludk em;rvnfcJh/ 'Daumifrav; &ufpufvScsnfh? ighxuf cspfol
aemufxyf awGUoGm;vdkUvm;[k atmufarhcJhonf/
trSefum; ol a&;cJhaompm þ0w¦Ktpü azmfjycJhonfh + + + 'DrSm tudkaqG....
bGif;bGif;eJU&Sif;&Sif;ajymawmhr,f/tukdaqG[m [dkt&ifyxr tdrfaxmifeJU raysmfydkuf zl;
qdkwkef;u ckdif[m tudkaqGU&JU tjznfhcH aysmfawmfqufrav;
jzpfcJhw,fr[kwfvm;/cdkifemhpfb0eJU olemjyK q&mrav; a*[mrSmaepOf tcg
tudkaqGac:&m cdkifvdkufcJhw,f r[kwfvm;/ wu,fawmhcdkif&JU toufu 17..ESpf
18..ESpf[m tudkaqG&JU &ifcGifxJrSm BuD;cJh&w,fqdk&if rrSm;ygbl;/
tJonfwkef;u tukdaqG[m cdkifhudk wu,farwåmppfeJU cspfcJhw,f qdkwmvJ cdkif
,Hkygw,f/ tudkaqGUudkvJ cdkif cspfcJhygw,f/ ESpfa,mufoabmwl ,lMubdkU tudkaqG
tcgcgawmif;cHcJhwmudk cdkif jiif;cJh&wmuawmh taMumif;ESpfcsuf&Sdygw,f/
1/ tudkaqGu a,mu©reJU r,m;eJU roif;jrwfzl; qdkayr,fh jywfjywfpJpJ r[kwfzl;/
2/ cdkif[m olemjyKoifwef;udk jynfe,fu tpkd;&p&dwfeJU vm&awmh e,fudkjyefNyD; 3-ESpf
wm0ef xrf;aqmif&r,f/
tif;.... olU tzdkUrSm vl\0wå&m;? wdkif;jynf\ wm0ef/ rSefygay\/ xdkUaMumifh ol\
olemjyKoifwef; oHk;ESpfaphcgeD;av? uRefawmffhtm; tvSrf;usJusJ zJavojzifh aemufqHk;
oifwef; ukefqHk;í e,fodkU wm0ef xrf;aqmif&ef jyefoGm;aomtcg ol uRefawmfh tm;
EIwfrQ qufroGm;awmhacs/
atmf....tvmESifh tjyef jcm;em;vScsnfh/ b0u pum;ajymjcif;yif/
atmifrav; ckawmhrS wcg.....
trIawmf vmruyfeJUawmh
nmewfu,f eudk ,Of&JU
[kd,cif tysKdpifrSmav
ESpfudk,fMuifyg qdkpOfwkef;uawmh
rvdkcsif ñdknifwJh trkef;awGeJU
ZGwf&kef;um ysKdarajy;cJhvdkU
a0;cJh& b0udk,fpD/
tcPf; (1 FPRIVATE
"TYPE=PICT;ALT=Cool"

Cool

avmu"r®wm cspfa&;cspf&mwGif orD;&nf;pm;wdkU rnm;jzpfMuvQif wa,muf

a,mufbufu wpkHwckaomtaMumif;aMumifh ysufuGufíomjzpfay&m? uRefawmfhb0
wmwGif udk,fhtajctae udk,fh0goemtavsmuf? &nf;pm;rsm;pGmxm;cJU&mrS yxrOD;
qkH;tBudrf uRefawmfhtm; &ufrsm;pGmxm;cJU&mrS yxrOD;qkH;tBudrf uRefawmfhtm;
&ufpufolrSm (tcspfOD;wkdUrnfonf nm;cJonf) qdkpum;twdkif; i,fcspfOD;w&kwf
ujym;rav; t&defjzpfí aemufqkH;olum; tckeazmfjycJUaom ukvm;ujym;rav; ra&Tcdkif/
t&defESifh uRefawmfjzpfysufcJUpOfu uRawmfhtoufu 19-ESpf&Sdao;awmh zswfzswfvl;
&l;rwwfaygh/ (cspfaomo*Ð0w¦K&Snfa&;cJUNyD;) tck cdkifESifh aemufqkH;yGJus awmh
uRefawmfhtoufu ri,fawmhNyD/ tyJGyGJEGJcJUaygif;vJrsm;NyDrdkU uRefawmfw,fNyD;
rjzKefawmhbl;/
You Can't Break My Heart qdkwJU oDcsif;vdkaygh/ rif;ightoJudk rcGJEdkifawmhbl;
ightoJ[m t&ifwkef;uwnf;u rif;vdk[mrav;uwnf;u rif;vdk[mrav;
wa,mufaMumifh uGJcJUNyD;NyD/ toJqdkwm wcgbJuGJw,f? ESpfcgcGmvdkUr&bl;/
'g....trSefbJAs/
odkUayr,fvdkUayghAsm? yxrOD;qkH;tBudrfvdk zswfzswfvl; r[kwfaomfvJ toJpGJ cspfrdolu
rajrSmfvifhbJ udk,fhudk &ufpufvdkufw,fqdkawmh txdkufavsmufjzifh ylaqG;
aomua&muf&wmbJ/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf[m 'Dvdkcspfaomuudk jrefjreftpm;xdk;bkdU
&SmawmhwmbJ/
'gaMumifh cdkifuuRefawmfhudk tNyD;jzwfvdkufvdkU uRefawmftdrfjyefa&mufw,fqdkbJ
pma&;pmyGJxJu pm&nf;pm;awG"mwfykHxkwf? olwkdUpmawGjyefzwfvdkufw,f/
ylylaEG;aEG;a&mufaewJU pmwapmifu &efukefrSmpm&nf;pm;jzpfMuNyD; vlcsif;wcg
rQrawGUbl;ao;bJ olUtaztvkyfeJU ajymif;oGm;&m? rEÅav;udka&mufoGm;wJU...]ouf}
qdkwJU aumifrav;qDu.../
___armifa&...oufawmh q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; tdrfa&SUa&muf&if armifaeoGm; bl;wJU
a*[m&,fvdkU &ifzdkzdkoGm;NyD; tdrfxJvSrf;vSrf;Munhfvdkufrdw,f...? wcgw&H q&mBuD;?
odkUr[kwf a':BuD;pdk;bJ jrif&w,f? armifrsm;awGU&if oufb,fvdk jzpfoGm; rvJrodbl;...?
armifwcgavmuf vma&mufNyD;? oufudk udk,fxifjyprf;ygvm;armif &,f ___
tif;...&nf;pm;pmxJrSm oltcspfrJusNyD/
xdkUaMumifh....
1954-ck? {NyDv &Ir0trSwf(83)wGif oluav;udk &nfNyD; ]cspfpcspfpdwf} rnfaom
0w¦Kudka&;vdkufonf/ þ0w¦KtqkH;wGif uRefawmfrEÅav;odkU a&mufrnfh taMumif;ESifh
]armifvmNyD o*ÐEGJU&,f? qD;BudKvSJUav;}[laom uAsmwdkuav; a&;vdkuf onf/
þ]ouf}qdkonfh rdef;uav;um;...uRefawmfhudkwu,f cspf&Smygonf/ odkUaomf olESifh
uRefawmfonf wBudrfrQvSyfueJ jrifbl;vdkuf&kHrQwyg;? tjcm;bmrQ rbmvdkuf&
awmhojzifh olonf uRefawmfESifh wGJvdkuf&aom rif;orD;r[kwf? wyifwdkif tNidrfhrif;
orD;uav;tjzpfESifhbJ (ESpfyg;oGm;NyD; ZmwfBuD;u&rnfh rif;orD;rsm;jzpfMuaom)]cdkif} ESifh
]ar}wdkUt&if a&SUydkif;u yGJxkwfvdkufyg\-[k tpcsDNyD;? ESpfudk,frMuif&ygwJU
rdkqvifrav;[laom acgif;pOfjzifh tcef; (13)u olESifhuRefawmfhtaMumif;udk a&;cJUí
pm&Iolrsm;zwfcJUNyD;ygNyD/
þZmwfvrf;wGif...
]tpwkef;uawmh
vSzkef;vmygqdkvdkU
rSmwmudk ysKdararhNyDvm;
apmifh&ufawG udk;q,fajyUawmifrS
awGU&atmif olrzefbl;
wrl[ef pdwfawmfajymif;w,fxifh
vSrsufcs,f EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f
acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f}[laom (av;csKd;'kwd,ydk'f) uAsmygav&m...? apmifh&uf awG
udk;q,fjynfhatmif 3-vrQolUudk uRefawmfarQmfcJUpOfu uRefawmfarNrdKUwGif
aexdkifcJUygonf/
taMumif;rSm q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;onf ae&moDwGif ref;ürae? arNrdKUwGif
aeavh&Sdonfhtwdkif;? uRefawmfu vdkufoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
1951-ck? (rEÅav;NrdKUcgawmfoBuFef)ESpfu ]vGif}ESifhcsdef;qdkum uRefawmf rEÅav;NrdKUtdrfrS
aEG&moDarNrdKUoGm;Muawmh a':BuD;pdk;a&m q&mBuD;wdkU wtdrfaxmifvkH; ygcJUí arNrdKUwGif
tdrfwvkH;iSm;í aecJUMuonf/
,ck 1954-ckESpfwGifum; a':BuD;pdk;wkdUrygawmhbJ? q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;? vlxk OD;vS\
a,mu©rOD;xifESifh uRefawmf 3-a,mufomjzpf&m? tdrfvnf; txl;iSm;p&m rvdkawmhbJ?
arNrdKU-vm;&Id;vrf;&Sd OD;xif\orD; e*g;a':OD;wdkufwGif [efusyefus aeMuayawmhonf/
xrif;udk 0,fpm;Muonf/ xdkwdkufwGif arNrdKUe*g;aq;ayghvdyf udk,fpm;vS,ftzdk;BuD;
tzGm;BuD;vifr,m; ESpfa,mufom wdkufapmifhtjzpf aeMuí olwkdUonf
reufapmapmaps;xGufí naeaps;odrf;rS tdrfjyefa&mufMuonf/
xdktcgonf aEG&moDrSm 'kwd,tBudrf uRefawmfarNrdKUwGif aejcif;jzpfí 1951-ckESpf
yxrtBudrf aepOfwkef;uxuf uRefawmfhrSm todrdwfaqGrsm;jym;vmav onf/
AdkvfMunf
1951-ckESpf? uRefawmfq&mjrrsKd;vGiftdrfwGifaepOf waeUaomeHeufü ppfarmf
awmfum;ESifh ppfAdkvfwOd; a&mufvmum uRefawmfESifh q&mvGifudkrdwfzGJUNyD; olwkdU wyfrSL;
AdkvfrSL;pdk;&xkwfaeaom ]uavmifpkHr*¾Zif;}wGif a&;om;ay;yg&ef pmrlawmif;cH onf/
(AkdvfrSL;pdk;&um; ,ckwyfrSxGufum &Jpdkrnfaom pma&;q&mjzpfaeonf/)
xdkpOfu uRefawmfonf AdkvfMunftm; uavmifpkHr*¾Zif;twGuf ]ygyg uRefawmf
rSm;ygNyD}rnfaom 0w¦Kudk a&;ay;vdkufjcif;jzifh olESifhuRefawmfcifrifoGm;av&m ,ck 1954
ckESpf 'kwd,tBudrf uRefawmfarNrdKU a&mufaomtcgwGif olonfarNrdKU ,ltdrfbD wyfrSm
AdkvfBuD; tjzpfESifhtrIxrf;aeí olUtdrfrSmarNrdKU NrdKUywfvrf;wGif [dkU,cifwkef;u
awmifydkifapmfbGm; aeoGm;aom wdkuftdrf cHUcHUxD;xD;? BuD;BuD;rm;rm;? 0if;ESifhNcHESifhus,fyg
bdoeJU/
AdkvfMunfonf wyfxJrSma&mt&yfxJrSma&m tvGefrdwfaqGo*F[rsm;oljzpfay&m
olESifhywfoufNyD; uRefawmfrSmarNrdKUwGif todtuRrf;rsm;&ayawmhonf/ xdkpOfu olwdkU
AdkvfrSL;nGefUarmifESifh aemufajymif;vmaom AdkvfrSL;vSwifwdkUvnf; uRefawmfhudktxl;
ojzifh cifrifMuí olwkdUt&m&Sd&dyfomrSm uRefawmfhtm;ppfAdkvfwa,muf\ tcGifhta&;
vdk&apygonf/ vufrSwfxdk;í pm;aomufEdkifonf/ uRefawmfhrdwfaqG o*F[udkygac:í
{nfh0wfjyKEdkifonf/ tmrD&eft&ufqdkvQif uRefawmfvdkcsifoavmuf &Edkifonf/ xdktcsdef
urSpí ,ckwdkif cifrifvsuf&SdMuaom Adkvfodef;xGef;? AdkvfausmfjrifhwdkUrSm naewdkif;vdk
uRefawmfESifh aomufzufrsm;jzpfcJUMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdUonf ujym;rçrsm;Esifh ygwDay;í
'efUpfvnf; ucJUMuonf/
xdkpOfu arNrdKUonf tvGefaysmfp&m aumif;\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZm vufxufjzpfí
w&kwfjzLppfatmifEdkifa&;jzifh jrefrmhwyfrawmfu &ufrsm;pGmtm0ga';yGJ BuD; usif;yav&m?
trsKd;rsKd;aom avmif;upm;yGJrsm;? ZmwfobifyGJrsm;ESifh tvGefpnfum; avonf/
'DtcgrsKd;rSm &Srf;jynf 36-aumifxDonf vlwdkif;rupm;bJ raeEdkifaom yGJjzpf av\/
tdrfrufESifh twdwfpdrf; aumufMuonfrSm wNrdKUvkH;uRufpDuRufpD jzpfaeMuonf/
vrf;ay: rSmvnf;aumif; aps;xJrSmvnf;aumif; pm;aomufqdkifrSmvnf;aumif;? 'D 36-
aumif taMumif;bJajymaeMuonf/ wpkHwck rawmfwq jzpfvdkufvQifvnf; 'D 36-
aumifxDtwGufzJ twdwfaumufvdkufMuonf/
þtcsdefwGif taetxdkifajymtqdk tifrwefrS owdxm;bdkUaumif;onf/ olwkdU onf
jrifjriforQudk *&kjyKaeMuonf/
Oyrm a,mufsm;wa,muf rvkHrvJjzpfoGm;onfudk jriftHU/ {uEÅ ]ig;rSOfh}[k
twdwfpdrf;aumufavonf/ rdef;rwa,muf taetxdkifyufpufonfjzpftHU/ ]yifhul}[k
,lqMuavonf/ olwkdUtwdwfaumufykHawGrSm awmfawmfvJnpfywf\/ 'grsKd;u'Dvdk
npfywfrSbJ ydkírSefw,f[k qdkMu\/ 'Dvdk 36-aumif&l;xcsdefü t&l;rsm;\ taetxdkif
tajymtqdkudkrQ csrf;omray;/ wd&pämefrsm; tjyKtrludkvnf;vufvGwfrcH Munfh&Iavh
vmaeMuonfomjzpf\/
xdkUjyif aoG;xGufoH,dkrIudkvnf; txl;*&kjyKMu\/ BuKH&ykHwck ajymjy&OD;rnf/ wnoü
]0g&Sd}acgufqJGqdkifwGif uRefawmfxdkifaepOf? vrf;ab;avQmufvmaom
vlwa,muftdyfaeaom acG;tNrD;wufeif;rdí tudkufcH&onf/ xdkolu ]tr,fav;..
acG;udkufygw,fAs}[k atmfvdkufonfü qdkifxJ&Sd vlukefajy;xGufoGm;Muav&m uRefawmfh
pdwfxJwGif (tif;-arNrdKUom;awG[m vlwzufom; 'ku©a&mufwmudk w,fNyD;*&kpdkufyg
vm;) atmufarhrdonf/ ]b,fae&mudkufovJ? b,fae&m aygufoGm;ovJ}[k tavm
wBuD;0dkif;ar;Muí a0'em&SifutpG,f&m&Sdaom b,fbuf'l;udkjyvdkufaomtcg
][m...aiGig;bJ? aiGig;bJ}[k qdkítoD;oD; qdkifxJjyefvmum olwkdUae&mrSmxdkifMuonf/
taMumif;rSm 36-aumifewf&kyf\/ b,fbuf'l;rSm aiGig;&kyf&Sdownf;/ 36-aumifxJrSm
aiGig;a&Tig;[lí ig;ESpfaumifyg\/
a&S;,cifacwfu avmif;upm;rl xlajymaom&Srf;jynfa'owGif 36-aumifxDu
yGJBuD;vrf;BuD;rsm;wGif trdefUvdkifpifjzifh upm;&\/ xdkUtjyif wNrdKUwe,fü 36-aumifyGJ
usif;yaevQif tjcm;NrdKUrsm;uvnf; ]tkyf'dkif}rsm;vkyfí upm;Edkif\/ Oyrm-vm;&Id;NrdKUrSm
36-aumifyGJ&SdtHU/ arNrdKU? ausmufrJNrdKUwdkUrSmvnf; tkyf'dkifrsm;zGifhMu\/ tavsmftpm;u
yif&if;a'otwdkif;yif/ aMunmcsufu csufcsif;Mum;odEdkifonfjzpfí [dkrSmzGifhaom
taumifudkavsmf\/ 27-q/ wusyfupm;vQif 27d-&onf/ wyJrSpNyD;&mcsDupm;Edkifonf
jzpfí ulvDrSpNyD;wu,fhtavmif;orm;BuD;rsm;txd upm;Muukefonf/
xdkUtjyif vdkifpifr&SdbJ zJvdkbJ vl4-5a,muf&SdvQifyif upm;Edkifaom 12aumif xDac:
ajruyfxDvJ þa'oawGrSm rdwfaqGwpkwdkU ypfuepf aysmfyGJpm;xGuf&if; upm;
avh&SdMuao;\/ 12 aumif&kyfygaom ydwfzsif;udk ajr0Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ aysmfp&maumif;
onfum; cGufarSmufNyD;vQif uAsmvuFmESifh twdwfay;&onf/
OyrmqdktHU/
]arNrdKUolwOD;? vS&ufxl;? cspfOD;olESifh nm;avonf}
uRefawmfonf AdkvfMunfESifh ywfoufNyD; opfawm&kH;tkyfBuD; OD;bcifESifh cifrif &if;ESD;í
&kH;ol&kH;om;rsm;ESifh &kH;tm;&uf arNrdKUuefawmfBuD;odkU ypfuepfxGufMu&if;? uRefawmfu
12-aumifajruyfxD'dkif vkyfavh&Sdonf/
acsmarmvSyaom pma&;rav;rsm;udkMunfhí txufazmfjyyg twdwfudk&Gwfvdkuf
aomtcg olwkdUonf pOf;pm;Mu&if; ]teD;uyf twdwfay;tkH;}[k qdkMuonf/ 'Dawmh
uRefawmfu ]rD;xJrSmaysmfw,f}[k ajymvdkuf\/
uRefawmf twdwfay;onfudk wdkuf&kduf,lrnfqdkygu trsKd;orD;av; cspfOD;olESifh
nm;w,fqdkawmh a,mufsm;eJUrdkU ]usm;}? EdkUNyD; a,mufsm;wkdUrnfonf umr*kPf rD;xJü
aysmfMuonf/ xdkUjyif cspfolwkdUESpfOD; nm;Muygu wDwDwmwm ajymMurnfrdkU ]wD}aumif
udkvJ xdk;Muao;onf/ ¤if;jyifvif&NyD; pdwfnpfojzifh oDv&Sif vkyfoGm;onfvnf;ajym
EdkifaomaMumifh ]oDv}udk xdk;Muao;onf/ wd&pämefaumifawGxJü (36aumifxJrSma&m)
b,fhES,faMumifh r,foDv&kyfu ygaeonfrod/ ,if;odkU toD;oD;udk,fhpdwful;ESifhudk,f
xdk;Mu&m? uRefawmfu ]a&Tig;}udkzGifhvdkuf\/
onfawmh ]cspfOD;olESifh nm;wmeJUa&Tig;u bmqdkifowkef;? a&Tig;onfrD;xJrSm
aysmfygovm;}[kar;Mu\/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu...
]atmf..cifAsm;wkdUu zefAl;xJu a&Tig;xifaeMuwmudk? uRefawmfajymwmu
a,mufsm;av;bufu a&Tig;usyfom;vufzGJUw,fAs? tJ'Da&Tudk aumifrav;u a&Tajc
usif;vkyfawmh rD;xJrSm ta&aysmf&wmayghAs}
,if;odkUvQif uRefawmfrSm [moOmPf uAsmOmPf&Sdí twdwftvSD;tvSTJ aumif;ygvsuf?
wcgaomf uRefawmf0Sufwdkif; olwkdUutrSefudkcsnf; xdk;Edkifí udk,fhüygcJU wm
acsmonfhtjyif eab;vlqDuyg ,líavsmfcJU&ojzifh awmfawmfrsm;atmif &SL;cJUbl; \/
taMumif;uawmh uRefawmfjrmaiGUcHonfhudpöbJ? todkU[lrl tawmfacsmvSaom
aumifrav;wa,mufonf? uRefawmfESifh yGwfoD;yGwfoyfxdkifum olu uRefawmfhbuf
u vdkESifh uRefawmf0Sufaom t&kyfudkMunfhMunfhNyD; olUvlawGudk t&dyfjyaomaMumifhjzpf
\/ 'Dvdkaumif'grsKd;rSm cHayghuGm/ ]'dkUpma&;q&mu onfhjyifae&mawmhvnfyg&JU? 'gawmh
tçouG}[k Adkvfodef;xGef;ESifhAdkvfausmfjrifhwdkU\ aemufajymifjcif;udkcH&\/
]EdkU..cifAsm;wkdUu apmapmuawmh bmvdkU uRefawmfhowdray;vJAs}
]atmf...EdkifwJUpma&;rav;awGvJ uRefawmfwkdUu arwåm&SdaewmudkAs? [J.....[J}
odkUaomf þpOfumvü arNrdKUwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk uRefawmfrrIyg/ arNrdKU jr0wf
&nfpwdk;rS uRefawmfvdkcsiforQ aiGudk,líokH;Edkif\/ þaiGudkjrwf0wf&nfu rEÅav;&J&ifh
OD;bZHESifh&Sif;? wzef OD;bZHu &efukef&Ir0wdkufESifh&Sif; aemufqkH;aomf &Ir0ESifhuRefawmf
ESifh&Sif;avawmh b,faomtcgrS ausvnfonfr&Sdawmhownf;/
,if;odkUvQif uRefawmfonf arNrdKUrSm aysmfyg;aevdkuf&m? ZGefvqf;rdk;OD;usí arNrdKU
tat;vGefvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh q&mBuD;ESifhOd;xifwkdU rEÅav;odkU jyefoGm;MuNyDjzpfaomf
vnf; uRefawmfrjyefao;/ rEÅav;u aumifrav; ]ouf}xHrSvnf; tquf&Edk; ajrSmfvifh
qJ? arNrdKUrSmyif ]apmifh&ufawGudk;q,fjynfhatmif} aecJUay&m? atmifr,fav;...ajrmfwm
r&bJESifh ajrSmfwmeJU *GusrvdkUygvm;? Munfhprf;ygtkH;? cifAsm;wdkU pma&;q&mBuD; arNrdKUol
av; wa,mufESifhaygh/ oluav;ESifh uRefawmfhjzpfaxGudk uRefawmfu 0w¦Ka&;q&myDyD
0w¦KvdkbJ a&;jyygawmhr,f/ uJ..0w¦KemrnfuqdkygpdkU....
]uRefawmf\ arNrdKUol
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUol
uRefawmf\arNrdKUolonf at;jraom &moD0,f ukwftuÐs&Snf&Snf? wifyg;qkH tkyftkyfESifh
&iftkHwkwfwkwfuav;vJ r[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\arNrdKUolonf qHyifzm;vsm; wifum;um;ESifhpufbD;ay: vrf;ovm; aeaom
qdkifu,f&Sifrav;vJ r[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf rdbarmifbGm; cJtdkrsm;\armfawmfum;,mOfwGif tvS jyif
pwdkifxkwfí bdkifpukwf&kyf&SifESifh uefawmfBuD;rsm;? taysmfoGm;Edkifolao;vJ r[kwf yg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf bDwDb&m;om; a&ul;uefoGm;í 'dkifAifvTm;wwfaom
aygifpif;rav;vJr[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf EIwfcrf;eD? yg;eDvufonf;&SnfESifh tvSukrÜPDu &SdorQ
aq;awGta&mifwifí ]avmifxif}aeEdkifolav;vJ r[kwfyg/
pifppf ,cka&;jyawmhrnfh ]uRefawmf] arNrdKUol} um; wcgjyif wusyfqdkonfh jrefrm
xrif;qdkifu pm;yGJxdk;ruav;rQom jzpfyg\/
&kyf&nfrSm &GufMurf;a&BudK/
t&G,frSm q,fhav;ig;ajcmufESpf/
trsKd;rSm &Srf;ESifhjrefrmw&kwfaoG;aum aESmao;ovm;? uRefawmfraocsmyg/ 'gu
ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? arNrdKUrSm uRefawmfawGUawmh uRefawmf\arNrdKUolbJaygh/
,cif q&mBuD;ESifh OD;xifwdkU &SdpOfwkef;url tcsdefrSefrSefvdkufí olwkdUpm;aeus
xrif;qdkifrSm pm;&onf/ ,ckuRefawmf wa,mufwnf; usefcJUaom tcgüum; udk,fh
oabmbJ oGm;csifwJUtcsdefoGm;í pm;csifwJUqdkifrSm pm;onf/
waeUaomf uRefawmfpma&;&mrS xvdkufaomtcgü em&DjyefwcsufrQ&SdaeacsNyD/
reufaumfzDwcGufESifh xdkifcJUaomuRefawmfrSm ,kdifíyifoGm;ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
rsufESmopf? aygif'gyGwf? acgifNzD;? tdrfujrefjrefxGufcJUNyD; teD;qkH;aom
pm;aomufzG,f&m rsm;&Sd&m avQmufcJUum yxrOD;qkH;awGUaom jrefrmxrif;qdkifxJ
0ifxdkifvdkufaomtcg
]AdkvfBuD;bmokH;aqmifrvJ}
qdkifxdkifNyD;bmrQ rrSm&ao;bJ? udk,fh0w¬KtaMumif; udk,fawG;í cyfidkifidkifaeaom
uRefawmfem;xJodkU tnm rdef;cav;oH cyf0J0Juav;0ifvmonf/
uRefawmfhudk ]AdkvfBuD;}[kac:jcif;jzpfygonf/ arNrdKUa&mufrSuRefawmfhtzdkUrqef; awmhacs/
arNrdKUwGifppfausmif;ESifh ppfwyfrsm;&Sdí ppfom;ppfAdkvfrsm;acwfpm;av&m
vli,f[loíwkdUtm; þodkU*kPfjyKíac:wwfMuygonf/
uRefawmftoHMum;&mbuf vSnfhMunfhvdkufNyD;...
]xrif;pm;r,fuG,f..}
olwkdUarNrdKU xrif;qdkifawGrSm Muufom;[if;ESifh jyifay;aom rEÅav;rSmuJUodkU
rkHUwDacgufqGJ eef;BuD;qdkwmawGvJ &Sdygonf/
]bm[if;pm;rv,f AdkvfBuD;}
uRefawmfonf tanmif;xdkifum pma&;&mrS xcgpjzpfí atmifhawmifhawmifh rIefa0a0
jzpfaeaom rsufvkH;rsm;udk yGwf&if;...
]bm[if;awG&SdovJ}
]Muufom;? 0ufom;? qdwfuvDpmeJU 0uftl[if;}
]ig;r&Sdbl;vm;}
]'DaeUig;r&bl;AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;pm;csif&if ig;wpfwm&r,f..}
tif;...'Dtcsdefrsm; ig;aowåm pm;vdkuf&ifawmh twdom a&mufua&mayghuGm/ arNrdKUrSm
ig;tvGef&Sm;onf/ rEÅav;u vmrS&onf/
uRefawmfrSm eHeufpmqdkvQif (pma&;aom aeUrsm;ü) ig;[if;eJUbJ eJeJyg;yg;pm;csif onf/
vlxdkif;rIdif;av;vHoGm;rSmudk tawmfpdk;&onf/ ,ckþqdkifwGif&Sdaom [if;rsm;rSm
Muufom;uwufrnf/ 0ufom;tDrnf/ 0uftlu Adkufemwwfonf/
xdkUaMumifhtqkwfawG trsm;BuD;xnfhwwfí uRefawmfodyfrBudKufaom
qdwfuvDpm[if;udkyif rSmvdkuf&onf/
]qdwfuvDpmeJU xrif;wyG,f....}
uav;ruav;u atmfvdkufNyD; rMumrDü olyifvQifvifyef;uav;ESifh jyif,lvm onf/
[if;csKdygonf/ iefjym&nf i&kwfoD;azsmfygonf/ o&ufoD;aygufpdyf qm;pdrfcsOfyg onf/
þrQ[if;oD;[if;&Gufaygaom t&yfjzpfvsuf arNrdKUxrif;qdkifawGrSm wdkUp&may; avhr&Sd?
toD;t&GuftaMumftcsufvJr&Sd? qDjyef[if;csnf;omjzpf\/
]AdkvfBuD; aemufxyfbm,lcsifvJ ajymyg...}
uRefawmfpm;aeonfrSm rdrda&;aeaom 0w¬KxJ pdwfa&mufaeí pm;ykHaomufykH
[uf[ufyufyuf r&Sdonfudk rdef;uav;pdwfxifü þ[if;ESifhcHwGif;rawGU[k atmufarh
um uRefawmfhteD;,ifarmif; ay;ae&if;rS ar;jcif;jzpfygonf/ þtcsdefrsKd;ü xrif;pm;
olyg;vsm;av&m uRefawmfwa,mufom ol*&kpdkufp&m&Sdygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfrSm
aemufxyf,lbdkU rqdkxm;bd vuf&Sdxrif;[if;awG w0ufrSrusbJESifh tqkH;owfvdkuf
um...
]a&mha[h ydkufqH...}
þumvonf {NyDvaemufydkif;jzpf&m arvrSm rl;yJrwfawGaysmuf&awmhrnf? wusyfjym;
100 okH;&awmhrnf jzpfaomaMumifh vlwdkif;u ¤if;wkdUudk tdwfoGefzmarSmuf
aecsdefjzpfonf/ ig;usyfwefzsufvdkufvQif ESpfusyfcJGavmufu rl;rwf? yJawGjzpfvmonf/
]'gawGbJ&Sdw,f...? rQ,lyg} qdkaompum;ESifh jiif;vJrjiif;om? udk,fhtdwfxJu tjrefxkwf
okH;bdkUom pdwful;xm;&onf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmf,ckay;onfrSmvnf; rcspfzJESifh
atmifhumerf;xm;&aom aojcif;qdk; umvemaph uav;rsm;omjzpf\/
rdef;uav;onf þatmhausmvefuav;awG a&wGuf,lae&mrS rl;aphESpfckudk jyefay;um...
]a&mh AdkvfBuD; 'Dwrwfudk jyefvJay;yg...}
][JU..bmvYdkUwkef;}
]0gaevdkU AdkvfBuD;&JU? 'Dt0gawG tckrokH;&bl;}
]tvdk...rl;apht0gtck rokH;&bl;vm;...}
][kwfygw,f AdkvfBuD;&JU? rl;aphjzpfjzpf yJaphjzpfjzpf t0gqdk&if tokH;rusawmhbl; bvlrS
r,lMuawmhbl;}
þpum;udk Mum;onfü uRefawmfhrSm olUudk,fudk owdjyKrdum usJueJNyKH;vdkufrdyg onf/
taMumif;rSm olUvkHcsnfonf t0gjzpfaeí uRefawmfhpdwftm&kHonf &kwfw&uf
jyufvkH;uav;wck ay:vmonf/ odkUaomf rdef;rysKduav;tm; wdkuf&dkufajymíroifh
avsmf? uRefawmfuvnf; tuGufawGUvQif r&TwfzJ raeEdkif? xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu
tHUtm;oifh[efjzifh....
][if...t0gqdk&if tokH;rusawmhbl;? bvlrSr,lMuawmhbl; [kwfvm;? 'Dtwdkif; jzifh...}
uRefawmf\a&nSda&mif befaumufvkHcsnfudk olUtm; udkifjy&if;....]ig.vkHcsnf'D
ta&mif0wfvmwmbJ uHaumif;uGm....}[k ajymNyD; olUvkHcsnfqDudk rsufpd0ifhí Munfhjy
vdkufygonf/
rdwfaqGpOf;pm;Munfhyg/ uRefawmfhajymvkH;ESifh trlt&monf tawmfusavmufyg onf/
xdkUjyif uRefawmfrSm rdef;rrsm;udk axh&mnK&mü ]tawmfuswJUaumif}[k oli,fcsif; rsm;\
csD;rGrf;jcif;udk cH&oljzpfygonf/
þtuGufrsKd;udk&í þodkUuRefawmfu nKvdkufaxhvdkufygvQif rdef;uav;onf
acgif;uav;ikHUí wzufodkU vSnfhoGm;um [efrl&m &Id;wdk;&SefUwefUjzpfoGm;onf/
odkUr[kwf ]bmvJvlBuD;u qdkNyD;a'gorlESifh EIwfcrf;uav; pkNyD;rsufapmif;uav;
0ifhoGm;onf/ þt&omrsKd;uRefawmfwdkU cHpm;&onf/
odkUaomf ,ck rdef;uav;ESifhum; uRefawmf\ wGufa&;rudkuf? vkH;0rudkuf.../
MunfhygrdwfaqG/ uRefawmf\ uvlusDp,frIaMumifh olUtrlt&mb,fvdkrQ rjzpf&kH ru
olu &J&JBuD;yifNyKH;vdkufNyD;..
]atmf...AdkvfBuD;uvJ ydkufqHajymwmbJ? vkHcsnfa&mifeJUbmqdkifvJ? a[m'DrSm usr
0wfxm;wmvJ t0gbJ...}qdkNyD;olUvkHcsnfudk jyvdkufao;As/
*Grf;.../
uRefawmfcrsm [moq&mBuD; tjrKwfuD;&awmhonf/ teD;ü þtcsdefwGif oli,f csif;
rdwfaqGrsm;&Sdygu &,fMuvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmfhudk&,fMuvdrfhrnf/ ]atmifr,fav;....
[mocsefyD,HBuD; *defygaumvm;}vdkU ajymMuvdrfhrnf/
,if;onfudkawG;rdí uRefawmfhrSm udk,fhzmomudk,f usdwfíNyKH;&onf/ aemufqkH;ü
pdysufysufESifh ]uJa&mhygAsm...? r[0gBudKufwmom a&G;,lygawmh}qdkNyD; tdwfxJurl;aph?
yJaphawGxkwfí olUa&SUüykHvdkufygawmhonf/
,if;tcsdefü arNrdKUrSm rl;aph? yJapht0gawG okH;r&[k jzpfaeygonf/ bmaMumifh &,frod?
uRefawmfhrSm uHaumif;olyDyD þt0grsKd;awG rEÅav;rS awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ygcJU ygonf/
][if..AdkvfBuD;rSmrokH;&awmhwmawGtrsm;BuD;ygvm;}
]at;[m...eifvdkcsifvJ tukef,lawmh...}
]bmvkyfzdkUvJ? okH;vdkUrSr&wmawGudk}
]r,foDvwdkU olawmif;pm;wkdUay;&wmayghuG}
]ukodkvf&yghrvm;..}
tif;..cufcsnfh.../
]'gawmhigrodbl;}
][if...r,lbJjyefay;awmh &Sufp&mBuD;}
tif;..aomufvGJawmh awG;NyD; &Sufacsao;.../
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm a&&Gwfvdkufygonf/
olonf uRefawmfhqDrS ydkufqHtjynfhtpkH&í xrif;yGJudk odrf;aomtcgü...
][if..AdkvfBuD;[m xrif;[if;awGukefvJukefbl;? ydkufqHwusyfay;&NyD;awmh ESajrmp&m..}
]EdkU..eifwkdUqdkifu wcgjyif wusyfqdkawmh}
]tdk...a&SmhrSmvdkU&wmayghAdkvfBuD;}
]'gjzifh wcgjyif ig;rl;bdk;&ovm;...}
]'Dvdkawmh r&bl; AdkvfBuD;? tck[mu xrif;ig;rl;? [if;ig;rl;bJ? xrif;wrwfzdk;
w0ufrSm&if awmfaygh}
]tm;...'Dvdkqdk&if rif;wkdUqdkifrSm [efusNyDa[h? igaeUwdkif;vmcJUr,f...}
tjcm;qdkifawGwkef;uqdkvQif uRefawmfhudk þodkUazmfazmfa&Ta&Tajymrnfholr&Sd? olwkdUqdkif
xdkifvdkufvQif ]bmokH;aqmifrvJ}ar;/ ]xrif;}ajz/ ]bm[if;pm;rvJ}? udk,fpm;
csifwmajymvdkuf/ tJ'geJU xrif;yGJvmcs/ uRefawmfxrif;pm;NyD;vQif vmodrf;? usefwJU
xrif;[if;awG oGefypf? yef;uefawGa&aq;? 'gbJ olwdkUtvkyfNyD;onf/ olwdkU 1d-bdk;
a&mif;&onf/ ydkufqHbJod&Smonf/
uRefawmfrSm ,cktcgü þodkUoGefypf&aom xrif;[if;awGudk taMumif;&if;jrpf
awG;íawG;í tvGefESajrmp&maumif;aMumif; todOmPf&aeygonf/ udk,fhtdwfxJu
ydkufqHaMumifhr[kwfyg/ ydkufqHqdkwJU puúLawG? owåKjym;awG[m
pifppfbmrQtokH;rusyg/ olwkdUudkvkyf&wm vG,fulvSygonf/ olwkdUudk&&ef
enf;trsKd;rsKd; &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfhudk aeUpOf touf&Sif&ef tvdkUiSm rSD0Jae&aom
qef? qD? qm;? [if;vsmrsm; jzpfay:vm&efum; rnfrQcJ,Of;ygoenf;/
rdwfaqGpOf;pm;Munfhyg/ b,folawGub,frQ yifyef;BuD;pGmvkyfaqmifae&ygoenf;/
taoG;ESifhtom;ESifh acR;ESifh tm;ESifhrS jzpfay:vm aom t&m0w¬Krsm;wnf;/
þypönf;rsKd;udk uRefawmfwkdUu igydkufqHay;&if &wmbJqdkwJU pdwf"mwfESifh t[,ó
jzKef;wD;tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapygu wdkif;jynf\ toufocif aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;udk apmfum;&m
ra&mufaybl;vm;? avmuom; tcsif;csif; cHwGif;odkUa&mufrnfh tm[m&udk
zsufqD;ypfonf rrnfaybl;vm;/
teD;qkH; OyrmtusOf;rQ jy&aomf uRefawmftckerukefbJESifh rSm&í oGefypf& aom
xrif;[if;rsm;onf wpkHwa,muf\ wpdwfwa'o tm[m&jzpfEdkifonf r[kwf ygvm;/
,ckrS[efusayNyD/ uRefawmf\eHeufpmudk þuav;r uav;&SdaomqdkifwGif
xrif;wrwf? [if;ig;rl;jzifh NyD;avonf/ oluav;ESifh uRefawmfvnf; waeUwjcm;
&if;ESD;vmavonf/
þrdef;uav;\ ykHo@mefudk azmfjy&OD;rnf/ ]&GufMurf;a&BudK}[k qdkcJUvifhupm;
olUtoufESpfu wufopfpjzpfí þt&G,fonf jrifygrsm;awmhvSonf/ ]oem;urm;}jzpf
vmonf/ olonf þqdkifrSm awmf&kHavsmf&kH auR;ay;xm;jcif;jzifh vkyf&oljzpfav&m ,ck
olUvuf&Sd tuÐswkdUonf olESifhroifhavsmfacs/ csKyfcsdefu awmfcJUonfrSefaomfvnf;
waeUxuf waeU? wufopfaeaom olUcE¨mudk,fudk rvkHrvJ&Sdacsonf/ olUtuÐsMu,foD;
wdkUESifh wif;wif;&if;&if; pnf;aESmifxm;onfESifh wlaeonf/ cg;wdkíaeonf/ olUudk,fu
vnf; wkwfwkwftuftufuav; jzpfonf/
&efukefrSmqdkvQif þxrif;qdkifrsKd;wGif þrdef;uav;rsKd; þt&G,frsKd;udk vSypGm
jyifxm;ayrnf/
,ckarNrdKUrSmawmh þ"avhrsKd;rawGU&yg/
olUqdkif&Sifrsm;vnf; tzdk;BuD;ESifh ta':BuD;jzpfonf/ olwdkUqdkifrSm yef;uefaq; aom
oli,fuav;ESifh aygif; 4-a,muf&Sdonf/
aumifuav;t0wfu npfywfonf/ tzdk;BuD;u oefUoefUjyefUjyefU&Sdonf/ ta': BuD;rSm
a&Txnfrsm; 0wfqifxm;onf/ uRefawmfhrdwfaqGruav;rSmawmh em;a#mif;rS r&Sdacs/
em;aygufa[mif;avmif;udk azmhacsmif;uav;ESifh xdk;xm;onf/ tom;jzLí
rsufESm0dkif;onf/ ESmwHray:yg/ EIwfcrf;xlyspfyspfuav;ESifh azmif;tpftpf yg;rdkUuav;
ESpfzufrSm &Srf;aoG;eDa&mifuav; oef;aeonf/ rsufckef;arT;pdrf;pdrf;atmufü rsufvkH;
uav;awGu rnf;eufaeonf/ cspfp&muav;jzpfonf/
pmzwfolowdjyKyg/ yxruRefawmfolUudk ]&GufMurf;a&BudK}[k qdkcJUonf/ 'kwd,
]oem;urm;}qdkonf/ ,ck]cspfpufuav;}jzpfvmonf/
uRefawmfESifh olwjznf;jznf; cifrif&if;ESD;vmrIaMumifh wpwpajymif;vJvmjcif; jzpfonf/
oluav;uvnf; uRefawmfhtay: arwåmwkHUjyefonf/ uRefawmfu bm[if;pm; rnf[k
ajymvdkufaomtcgü oluwcgw&H wD;wdk;oHjzifh ]tdk....AdkvfBuD;tJ'D[if;rpm;eJU raeUu
usefwmawG}
olUudkbJ aus;Zl;wif&onf/ aemufqkH;tajcü ]uJ...igbm[if;pm;&r,fqdkwmudk
rif;bJMunfhpDrHawmhuG}olUudkbJ vTJtyfvdkuf&avawmhonf/
___
]ig;qDjyef wyG,f}
uRefawmfa&mufonfESifhwNydKifeuf uRefawmfhudkrar;bJ olu atmfvdkufav onf/
uRefawmfhudkjrifvQif xrif;w0ufqdkwmawmh ta':BuD;udkajymp&mrvdkawmhNyD/
oluav;onf xrif;yGJudk ,lvmí uRefawmfha&SUwGifcsNyD; teD;üxdkifum...
]AkdvfBuD; pm;Munfhprf;? 'DaeU ig;Muif;odyfvwfwm...qlwmbJ? uefawmfBuD;u &wm}
arNrdKU uefawmfBuD;u ig;Muif;rsm;&wwfygonf/ ig;rQm;orm;rsm;udk vdkifpifxkwf
ay;xm;onf/ ]ab;rJUig;rsm; oem;Muyg}qdkaom pmrsm;udkvnf; uefawmfBuD; ywfvnf
rSm a&;qGJxm;ygonf/ þpmonf vdkifpifr,lbJ ig;zrf;olrsm;twGuf jzpf[efwlonf/
odkUr[kwf vdkifpifESifhvlrsm;tm; ig;wkdUudk MuifMuifememzrf;í
MuifMuifememcsufpm;Mu&ef qdk[ef&Sdonf/
uRefawmfvnf; MuifMuifememyif NrdefNrdef&Suf&Sufpm;vdkufygonf/ uav;ru
uRefawmfpm;onfudk Munfhí...
AdkvfBuD;pm;aumif;w,f rIwfvm;[if? npmawmhb,frSmpm;vJ? 'DbmvdkUrvmvJ}
]rif;wdkUqdkifu 6em&D aps;rydwfrD odrf;&wmudkuG? igunpmqdk&if 7em&D 8em&DrS
pm;wwfwm}
]AdkvfBuD;[m wrsKd;bJ? reufpmawmh rGef;vGJrSm pm;NyD; npmawmh nBuD;rif;BuD;pm; w,f}
]npmqdkawmh nBuD;rif;BuD;rS pm;&wmayghuG}
]uJ..'gjzifh AdkvfBuD;[m reufpmawmh bmvdkUreufBuD;rif;BuD;rpm;vJ}
]tvm;...xlyspfyspfuav; 'Dae&mawmh tvmom;a[h} uRefawmfhpdwfxJrS
rSwfcsufcsvdkufNyD;...
]igtckpm;wm reufpmvdkU b,foluajymwkef;}
þae&müawmh oltçoGm;um rsufvkH;uav; aMumifawmifESifh uRefawmfhudk
MunfhaeNyD;rS...
]'gjzifh bmpmvJ}
]rGef;vJGrSpm;wm rGef;vJGpmayghuG}
]t[D;...t[D;...&Dp&mBuD;}
]tdk...}
uRefawmf[moq&mrSm rsufvkH;jyL;oGm;ygonf/
]AdkvfBuD; reufawmhbmawGpm;aeovJ}
]tdrfrSm aumfzDaomufw,f? vufzuf&nfMurf;aomufw,f}
]AdkvfBuD;tdrfb,frSmvJ}
]vm;&SKd;vrf;rSm}
]AdkvfBuD; rdef;r&Sdvm;}
]tdk;...rdef;r&Sd&if rif;wkdUqdkif xrif;vmpm;aervm;uG? ighrdef;r igcsufcdkif;rSm aygh}
]EdkU AdkvfBuD;tvkyfaum bmvkyfvJ}
]tvdk bk&m;a& uRefawmfrsufvkH; 0dkif;0dkif;vnfoGm;um ]rif;ighudk AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;
ac:aewm ppfAdkvfrSef;odvdkU r[kwfvm;}
atm...cuf&acsAsm...ol tHUtm;oifhoGm;um ]AdkvfBuD;u ppfAdkvfvm;/ t[D;[D;
ppfAdkvfuvJ}
oluRefawmfh Munfh&,facsawmhAsm.../
uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf rvkHovdk ikHUMunfhNyD;...
]ppfAdkvfuvJ...igbmjzpfovJ}
]tm;vJr&Sdbl;}
þrSuRefawmf em;&Sif;oGm;ygonf/ uRefawmfhudk,fum, awmifhawmifhwif;wif;
r&Sdjcif;udk olajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
]a[h...aeprf;ygtkH; xyfar;prf;yg&aptkH;? rif;wkdUighudk AkdvfBuD;AdkvfBuD;vdkUac:aeMu
wm[m ighudkppfAdkvfbJvdkUac:aeMuwm r[kwfvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;? usaemfwdkUqDrSm 'Dvdkvl 'Dt&G,frodwJUvludk 'DvdkbJ ac:Mu&wmbJ}
ao[JU eE´d,.../
uRefawmfhrSm arNrdKUwGifwpdrf;w&HpmawGu 'DvdkbJ AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;ac:Muawmh edyfwJU
igawmh olwkdUuppfAdkvfrSwfMuNyD? ppfAdkvfaps;aumif;wJUt&yfrSm ppfAdkvftxifcH&
wmedyfy[JU atmufarhaewm/ vm;vm; vufpowfawmh uRefawmfwdkU &efukefrSm ]q&m
uD; pma&;BuD;}ac:wJU taygufrsKd;udk;/
]uJ...r[0g? igrSefwmajymr,f? ig..ppfAdkvfr[kwfzl;? ighudkAdkvfBuD;AdkvfBuD;vdkU
rac:eJUawmh}
]r[kwfrSef;usaemfodom;bJAs? ppfAdkvfvlu cifAsm;BuD;vdkrS r[kwfwmbJ}
]a[...igeJUppfAdkvfeJU b,fvdkjcm;em;ovJ}
]'gawmh usaemfrajymwwfzl;As? wrsKd;bJ}
rEÅav;üvnf;aumif;? arNrdKUüvnf;aumif;? rdef;uav;rsm;onf vlcsif;&if;ESD;vm vQif
]cifAsm;? uRefawmf}ajymwwfMuygonf/
]igajymr,f...ppfAdkvfqdk&if xrif;rsm;rsm;pm;r,f? vloefoefpGrf;pGrf;&Sdr,f r[kwf vm;}
uRefawmfrSm oluav;ESifh tjyif;ajy pum;aumif;aeonf/
][kwfw,f....[kwfw,f? cifAsm;BuD;uawmh xrif;vJ rsm;rsm;rpm;bl;? vluvJ ydefydef
EGJUEGJU&,f.... "mwf&Sifrif;om;vdkbJ}
]tvdk...igu Zmwfvdkufrif;om;eJUwlovm;}
]wlw,fAs...}
]b,frif;om;eJUwlvJajymprf;....}
]'Dvdkawmh rajymwwfzl;? cifAsm;BuD;u "mwf&Sifrif;om;vdkbJ aewmajymwm..}
]rif;"mwf&SifawG cPcPMunfhovm;}
]rMunfh&ygbl; ydkufqHrSr&Sdwm...}
]tckaum Munfhcsifovm;}
]tdk;...Munfhcsifw,f jyr,fvm;...}
]b,fum; MunfhcsifovJ...}
]a*:oma*: qdkwmav...zdk;ygBuD;wdkU? odyf&D&wmbJwJU? usaemfu &Dp&mqdk
odyfBudKufw,f}
]atmf...&Dp&mBudKufw,f? 'geJUaeygtkH;? rif;0w¬KawG r*¾Zif;awGaum zwfovm;}
]usaemf pmrSrzwfwwfwmbJ}
uRefawmf olUrsufESmuav;udkMunfhum oufjyif;&SLrdygonf/
]'geJUrif;ckeMunfhcsifw,fajymwm ]a*:oma*:}aemf? tJ'Dpum;t"dyÜm,fem;vnf vm;?
a*:qdkwmbmvJ}
'grsKd;awmh olem;vnfayonf/ uRefawmfhtm; rsufapmif;uav; wcsuf0ifhum
&SufpEdk;ESifh acgif;ikHUoGm;onf/
][m..[m;...'grsKd;awmh vnfayhuGm? rif;a*:wJUvlrsm;&Sdaeyvm;}
]oGm;...bmvJ}
tvdkolubJ uRefawmfhtm; a'gormefuav;ESifh rmefvdkufacsao;/
uRefawmf oabmusrdum xyfqifhí...
][kwfygw,f? olUykHyef;Munfh&wmjzifh a*:wJUvlawmifrubl;? &nf;pm;awmif&Sdae
NyDxifyg&JU? uJuGm... a&mh} uRefawmfhtdwfxJu ydkufqHxkwfí...]igaiGig;usyfay;cJUr,f?
nusawmh rif;wkdUorD;&nf;pm; oGm;MunfhMuaya&mh}
uRefawmfhrSm olUvdk[m olUvdkt&G,fawmh &nf;pm;awGbmawG r&Sdwefbl;[k
jyufacsmfacsmfvkyfjcif;jzpfav&m? bk&m;? bk&m; vufpowfawmh r[0g ykpGefqdyfuav;
i,fayr,fh racawmhbJudk;/ uRefawmfxkwfay;aom ig;usyfwefudkMunfhum...
][if...oleJUawmh oGm;rMunfhcsifbl;}
]uRefawmftHUtm;oifhum....
]tvdk rif;rSm &nf;pm;awGbmawG&SdaeNyDudk;} qdkNyD;rS olUrsufESmuJMunfhum....]bm
vdkUvJuG? orD;&nf;pm;ESpfa,muf Munfh&&if ydkNyD;ZdrfuswmayghuG? igawmh&nf;pm;r&SdvdkU
ayghuGm? &Sdrsm;&SdtwloGm;MunfhvSacsaygh}
ol uRefawmfhudkarmfMunfhum....
][if...cifAsm;rSm &nf;pm;r&Sdbl;vm;}
]r&Sd&ygbl;uGm....b,folrS BudKufr,fhvlr&SdvdkU}
],kHao;bl;}
]uJ...ighr,kHwm,kHwm eab;xm;ygtkH;? rif;&nf;pm;eJUrif;twl rMunfhcsifwmu
bmaMumifhvJ}
olonf olUqdkif&Sif vlBuD;rsm;udk vSnfhMunfvdkufNyD; (oluav;ESifh uRefawmfrSm 'DvdkbJ
pum;vufqkHusjzpfaeí vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfvmcsdefrSm onfhjyifpm;rnfh
aomufrnfhvl acgif;yg;ívnf;aumif;? uRefawmfwkdUrSm vGwfvyfrI&Sdayonf/)
]bbwdkU BuD;awmfwkdUu eifi,fi,fav;eJU 'DpdwfawG rul;&bl;wJU? 'Daumifav; vJ
oabmrusbl;wJU}
][kwfvm;? 'Daumifav;u b,favmufBuD;yvJ? b,fuvJ}
]usaemfhavmufzJ...? [dk w&kwfacgufqJGqdkifu}
]bmvJ acgufqJGqdkifu qdkif&Sifw&kwfom;vm;}
]r[kwfzl;? usaemfhvdkbJ tiSm;vkyfwm}
atm...b0wlcsif;bJudk;..../
uRefawmfhpdwfxJu a&&GwfvdkufNyD; olwkdUuav;awG tajctaeawG;awmum..
]at;av...rdef;cav;qdkwm vlBuD;awGpum;em;axmifwm aumif;wmayghuGm.....
uJrif;&kyf&SifMunfhbdkU aiGig;usyfay;cJUr,f? rif;MunfhcsifwJUvleJU oGm;Munfhaya&mh}
olonf uRefawmfhudkawGí Munfhum....
]cifAsm;aumrMunfhbl;vm;}
]igrMunfhcsifygbl;uGm}
]bmvdkUvJ? 'Dum; MunfhNyD;aevdkUvm;}
]MunfhawmhrMunfh&ao;ygbl;}
]'gjzifh Munfhygvm;Asm...usaemfeJUtwlMunfhAsm? nyJGqdkawmh usaemfhtjyef vdkufydkU
r,fhvlvJ r&Sdbl;}
uRefawmfu yef;uefaq;aom oli,fav;udkMunfhí....
][dkaumifav; tazmfac:ygvm;}
]rjzpfzl;As? olu [dkaumifav;eJU Mum;uatmifoG,fAs? BuD;awmfwkdUu oleJUqdk omNyD;
pdwfrcsao;w,f? qlrSm}
]igeJUaumuGm}
]cifAsm;awmh vlBuD;bJ}
uRefawmfacwårQawGí pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ þvdk qif;&JvSpGm NiD;aiGUp&mtvkyfudk aeUpOf
vkyfae&ol uav;tm; azsmfajzrIjyKoifhonf[k pdwful;aygufNyD;...
]uJ..aumif;NyD? ig nrif;b,fvmac:&rvJ}
]cifAsm;rS uRefawmfwkdUtdrf rodao;wm? vmrac:ygeJU? vm;&SdK;vrf;eJU r*Fvm
&kyf&Sif&kHoGm;wJU vrf;a'gifhu usaemfapmifhaer,fav? cifAsm; 6-em&Davmuf vmcJUaygh}
xdkn 9-em&DcefU &kyf&SifNyD;í uRefawmfolwkdUtdrf jyefydkUaomtcgü xrif;qdkif
ta':BuD;ESifh tzdk;BuD;u aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymvdkufavonf/
xdkpOftcsdef arNrdKUwGif ZmwfyGJESifhupm;yGJawG&Sdavonf/
udk;rD;0dkif;? tpdrf;teD? jrm;ypf? 6-aumiftHpm 4-aumif*sif? 36-aumifxD/
wyfrawmfwGuf &HykHaiGESifh w&kwfjzLaqmf wyfrawmf*kPfjyKyGJ[kqdkonf/ ppfom; awG
b,fESpf&mcdkifEIef; upm;yGJ&IH;í vlxkrnfrQepfemum trIaqmifvlBuD;rsm; rnfrQyGMu
onfudk olwkdUudk,fpDrS odMuayrnf/
36-aumifxDudk aps;onf acgif;&Gufonfrsm; ig;rl;wrwfutp aMu;&wwfrsm; u
ig;q,fw&mtxd upm;Muonf/ ,if;tBudKufrSm arNrdKUwNrdKUvkH;onf 36-aumif
pum;udkom ajymaeonf/ tdrfolrdef;rrsm;xHrSyif eHeufaps;0,fvm&if;... ]tdk;...36-
aumifpdwf rTefaewmeJU 'DaeUbm0,fcsuf&rSef;awmif rodbl;}qdkwJU toHrsKd;awG Mum;&
onf/ udk,fvkyf&rnfh tvkyfxuf twdwfpdrf; twdwfusuftdyfrufawGudkom pdwf0ifpm;
aeMuonf/ b,ftaumifudk xdk;&rvJom wGufcsufBuHqaeMuonf/
36-aumifxDonf waeUESpfcgzGifhonf/ tESDvdkBuKHawmifhBuKHcJvSaom yGJBuD;udk uRefawmf
vufvTwfray;acs/ waeUESpfcg 36-aumif0dkif;udk ajy;&onf/ wdk;&onf/ xdk;& onf/
xdkaeUrSm aemufqkH;jzpfonf/ þaeUawmh uRefawmfonf ]36-aumif}taMumif;yg aom
0w¬Kwyk'fawmh a&;rnftBuH&Sdí zGifhykHzGifhenf;udkod&ef udk,fxdk;p&m&Sdonfrsm;udk
xdk;NyD;vnf; rjyefao;bJ tzGifhudkapmifhaeonf/ aeUudef;udk n9-em&DtcsdefrSm zGifhrnf/
36-aumifxD½kH;\a&SU0,f uspfqHeDewf&kyf tvHwdkifwGif aygufaumifudk xnfhxm; aom
oHaowåmuav;udk BudK;ESifh qGJwifxm;onf/ avwdkufawmh þaowåmuav; onf
[dkbufvSnhfvdkuf onfbufvSnfhvdkufaeonf/ rxdk;&ao;olrsm;u wdk;í xdk;ae
Muonf/ xdk;NyD;olrsm;u þaowåmuav;udk t&dyfwMunfhMunfhaeMuonf/
uRefawmfonf þvlpkxJ rwfwwf&yfaepOf? aemufrSuRefawmfhyckH;udk vmudkifí
vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m xrif;qdkif uRefawmfhrdwfaqGruav;/
][if...at;p}olUemrnfudkac:vdkufonf? ]eifwa,mufxJvm;...tazmfrygbl;vm;}
]ygcJUw,f...ck vlcsif;uGJoGmvdkU cifAsm;jrifwmeJUvmwm}
]bmvJ eifwdkUyGJMunfh&atmif vmMuwmvm;}
][kwfw,f...cifAsm;aum MunfhrvdkUvm;}
]Munfhcsifygbl;[m...tdyfysufcHvdkU...}
]'gjzifh 36-aumifxdk;&atmif vmwmvm;..}
]at;...eifaum rxdk;bl;vm;...}
]usaemfhydkufqHrS r&SdwmbJ...}
]xdk;aum xdk;csifovm;...}
]xdk;csifwmayghAs...? cifAsm;ydkufqHay;r,fvm;}
uRefawmfrSm raeUu nudef;(cdk)udk aygufxm;í ydkufqHcyfazmazmjzpfaeojzifh
]ay;&wmayghuGm}qdkNyD; tdwfxJpuúLw&Guf EIdufvdkuf&m olUukodkvfbJ ig;usyfwefjzpfae
onf/
]uJ..a&mh..xdk;acs...}
olonf ydkufqHudkifum 0rf;om&TifyspGmESifh...
][if..b,favmufbdk; xdk;cJU&rvJ}
]ig;usyfpvkH; eifhay;wm? eifhoabmbJ? eifxdk;r,fhtaumifaum &nf&G,fNyD;om; &Sdyvm;}
]&Sdw,f...&Sdw,f}qdkNyD; vufrSwfydwfcgeD;aeí olxGufajy;avonf/
xdkaemufü olvufrSwfuav;udkifum NyKH;&TifpGmjyefvmonf/
]b,favmufbdk; xdk;cJUovJ}
]ig;usyfpvkH;bJ}
]tvJ..bmaumifudkvJ}
]pdwf}
]qdwf..eifhb,fvlu ajymvdkUvJ}
]usaemf tdyfrufwmAs}
]b,fvdk rufwmvJ}
]pdwfBuD;waumifuav...usaemfh&ifbwf a[m'Dae&mudk ajy;vmNyD;acgif;eJU aqmifhw,fAs}
uRefawmf &,farmrdum...
]atmifrav;...eifhtdyfrufuvJ roufomvdkufwm[m? eif&ifatmifhNyD;? vJroGm; bl;vm;}
]&ifvJratmifhbl;? vJvJrvJbl;As? pdwfBuD;u usaemfhudk wu,fcwfwmrS r[kwf wmbJ?
olu upm;ovdk ckefaygufajy;vmNyD; cwfcsifa,mif aqmifwmbJ? olU*sKdu
usaemfhtoJxJawmh 0ifoGm;owJUAs? 'gayr,fh emawmhrembl;As? EdkUNyD; wu,fhpdwfvJ
[kwfbl;...}
olU&ifbwfjyaom ae&mrSm nmbuf&iftkHjzpfí toJae&mrSefygonf/
olUtdyfruftwdkif; 36-aumiftwdwfudk,l&aomf wdkuf&dkuftm;jzifh ]qdwf}jzpf onf/
oG,f0dkufíqdkvQif olU&ifbwfqdwfcwfcH&aom ae&mrSm 36-aumifewf&kyfü
iSuf&SdaomaMumifh iSufjzpfonf/ þrSwzef 36-aumiftnTef;pmtkyfwGif Munfhuqdwf\
udk,fpm;vS,f usD;? iSuf\udk,fpm;vS,f cdkjzpfaomaMumifh 36-aumif upm;aeusvlqdk
vQif þ4aumifpvkH;udk xdk;vdrfhrnf/ odkUaomfraeUu nudfef;ckdudkzGifhxm;aomaMumifh
cdkudk xyfxdk;bdkUrvdk/ cdku ]ikwfwkyfawmif}jzpfaeonf/ ikwfwkyfaumifqdkonfrSm
,ckzGifhrnfhyGJ t&ifyGJu zGifhxm;aom taumifudkac:onf/ waumifxJudk yGJrjcm;bJ
qufrzGifh&/ 36-aumifOya'/
xdkUaMumifh olUtdyfruft& ,cknwGif qdwf? usD;? iSuf usef 3aumifudk xdk;&rnf/
odkUaomf rç[0gav;u wdkuf&dkufaumif qdwfwaumifxJ xdk;cJUonf/ rSefcsifvnf;rSef
wwfonf/ olUukodkvfuHudk rajymEdkifay/ uRefawmfxdk;aom taumifrsm;ü qdwfrygacs/
olUtdyfrufvJ rSef&ifrSefap/ olUtwGufvJ qkawmif;&aumif;atmif uRefawmfoGm;xdk;OD;
rnf[k BuHonf/ odkUaomfrrSDawmhNyD/ tcsdefaphívufrSwf ydwfoGm;NyD/
9em&Dwdwd0,f armif;okH;csufxkvdkufNyD; wa,mufaomolu aygufaumifaowåm
BudK;udkqGJcsonf? wa,mufaom oluaowåmudkqD,lNyD; aomhzGifhonf/ vlxkBuD;onf
teD;odkU pkHtkHwdk;BudwfoGm;Muum rdrdwdkU xdk;xm;aom taumifrsm;udk bmaumifuG
nmaumifuG[k wa,mufwayguf a&&GwfMuonf/
at;puav;onf uRefawmfhvufarmif; wzufudkwif;MuyfpGm udkifumvltkyfxJü
uRefawmfhaemufu wdk;ívdkufvmonf/
aowåmaomhzGifhaomolonf puúLcsyfwGif a&;íxm;aom taumifudktrsm;jrif atmif
axmifíjyvdkufum...
]qdwf...qdwf}[k atmfvdkufavonf/
at;puav;onf narSmifarSmif vltkyfxJü uRefawmfhudk,fudk vufESpfzufESifh
wif;MuyfpGmzufum uRefawmfh&ifbwfudk rsufESmtyfxm;onf/ olUudk,frSmwqwfqwf
wkefaeonf/ olUtoHygwkefaeonf/ olUZmwdpdwfay:vmonf/
]usr..usr...b,favmuf&rSmvJ&Sif tudkBuD;}
27 qjzpfav&um;...
]135d-usyf&rSmayghuGm}
][if...trsm;BuD;bJ? tudkBuD;vJ ,laemf}
]igr,lygbl;uGm? rif;ukodkvfeJU rif;&wmrif;bJtm;vkH;,lyg}
oluav;onf uRefawmf\vnfyif;udk zufumuRefawmfhyg;udk vSr;fíerf;av onf/
aemufwaeU uRefawmfxrif;pm;&atmif oGm;aomtcgü 0rf;omtm;&ESifh
aus;Zl;wifpum;awG wGwfxdk;atmifajymavonf/ uRefawmfhtm; qdkifodkU xrif;pm;vm
olwa,muftae r[kwfawmhbJ {nfhaumif;apmifaumif;vmaom tdrf&SifruJUodkU jyKpk
avonf/ tudkBuD;pm;NyD; ydkufqHray;&bl;aemf}[kajymonf/
qdkif&Siftzdk;BuD;ESifhta':BuD;uvnf; uRefawmfhqDvmí EIwfqufpum;ajymjyK onf/
þrdef;uav;rSm awm&GmuolUrdbrsm; qif;&JvSí orD;trSwfjzifh ac:,lauR;arG;
xm;aMumif;ajymonf/
orD;trSwfqdkNyD; ta':BuD;rSm a&TxnfawG 0wfxm;ygvsuf rdef;uav;tm;
em;a#mif;uav;rQ vkyfray;onfudk uRefawmfhpdwfxJu rJUrdonf/
odkUaomf...'kwd,aeU uRefawmfvmaom tcgü at;puav;em;rSm em;a#mif; uav;
ajymajymifESifh jzpfaeonf/ t0wftpm;vJ oyfoyf&yf&yf opfopfvGifvGif olUudk,fESifh
tqifajyavonf/ ,ckrS tysKduav;ESifh wlavonf/
olUtouft&G,f olUudk,fxnfESifh rvkHrvJjzpfae&mrS þodkUzlvkHvSyoGm;onfudk
uRefawmf0rf;omvSygonf/ oluav;udkMunfhí ]awmif;tuGyf vlt0wf}qdkaompum;
udkpdwfxJrS a&&Gwfrdygonf/
wwd,aeUü oluav;u uRefawmfhudkar;onf/
]tudkBuD; eufjzefcg rtm;bl;vm;}
]bmvdkUvJ? igutm;csiftm;ygw,f}
]usrwdkUESpfa,muf a&Smufvnf&atmifav}
]rif;aum....tm;vkdUvm;}
]eufzefcg vuG,faeUaps;ydwfw,fav}
arNrdKUrSm wvvQifESpf&ufvjynfhESifh vuG,fwGifaps;ydwfygonf/
]atm...eufzefvuG,fudk;? igawmh Arm&ufudk rodawmhbl;uG,f? uJ..b,frsm;
a&SmufvnfrSmwkef;}
]uefawmfBuD;wdkU a&ul;uefwkdUaygh udkBuD;&JU? EdkUNyD; usr"mwfykHvJ &dkufcsifw,f}
]bmvJ rif;&nf;pm; ay;bdkUvm;}
þae&mü olUrsufESm ododomom ajymif;vJoGm;um....
]tdk;...r[kwfygbl;? usr 'Daumifav;eJU raeUubJjywfjywfpJpJ ajymvdkufygNyD?
vlBuD;awGurS oabmruswm? udkBuD;bJ ajymw,frIwfvm;? vlBuD;awGpum;em;axmif
wmaumif;w,fvdkU}
]at;...aumif;ygw,fuGm...}
]usr tpuxJuvJ olUrBudKufygbl;? oluvdkufaevdkUom? oleJU usrvJ bmrS
rjzpf&ao;ygbl;}[kqdkNyD; &SufpEdk;uav;ESifh rsufvTmcsvdkufygonf/ acwåMumrS
uRefawmfh rsufESmudk jyefarmhMunfhNyD;...
]aemf....udkBuD;? eufzefus usr "mwfykHqdkifvJ vdkufydkUaemf...}
]rif;"mwfykHb,fESpfcg &dkufzl;ovJ}
]wcg....}
]b,fwkef;uvJ...}
][dkwESpfwkef;u...}
]EdkU....tJ'D"mwfykH&Sdao;vm;...}
]r&Sdawmhbl; udkBuD;&JU usrtar rrmawmh orD;rsufESmjrifcsifygw,f rSmwmudk
vlurjyeftm;wmeJU tJ'D"mwfykHydkUvdkuf&w,f....}
]atmf....'geJU orD;udk,fpm; 'D"mwfykHjrif&wmeJU rif;tarucsufcsif; usef;rmoGm;
a&mqdkygawmh t[m;...[m;}
uRefawmf\ aomvkH;jzpfygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfh[moonf olUudkrsuf&nfus
apygonf/
]rusef;rmoGm;bl; udkBuD;&JU? usr "mwfykHa&mif;wJUaeUbJ aooGm;w,f...}
][if....}
uRefawmfrSm jyufvkH;xkwfae&mrS &kwfw&uf trlt&majymif;oGm;&um...
]"mwfykHrS MunfhoGm;Edkifao;&JUvm;}
]MunfhoGm;Edkifao;owJU udkBuD;&JU}
]tif;...aoawmhaum...rif;oGm;Edkifao;&JUvm;}
]'Dawmh...oGm;&wmaygh udkBuD;&JU....}
]rif;wkdU&Gmu 'Duae b,fESpfrdkifa0;vJ}
]b,fESpfrdkifa0;vJawmh rodbl;? 'DureufoGm;&if rGef;rwnfhcif a&mufw,f}
]&Gmemrnf bmac:ovJ}
]aemifcrf;BuD;}
]aemifcrf;BuD; &Srf;eHr,f &Srf;&Gmayghaemf}
][kwfuJU...}
]rif;u &Srf;vm;...}
]tazu ArmwJU}
]ArmwJU} olUpum;udk rsufarSmifMuKwfí pOf;pm;vdkufNyD;-
]rif;taz rif;rodvdkufzl;vm;}
]rodvdkufzl;/ usri,fi,fuav;xJu ArmjynfjyeftkH;r,fqdkNyd; jyefoGm;wm
aemufjyefrvmawmhbl;wJU}
]atmf...a0:...uJ...rif;rsuf&nfawGudk okwfypfyguGm? igu trSwfwrJU oGm;pvdkuf
rdwmeJU}
tusÐvufarmif;pESifh olUrsufESmokwfNyD;...
]ckES,frsm; tar&Sd&ifav..udkBuD;eJU &GmoGm;vnfvdkuf& b,favmufaumif;rvJ? udkBuD;u
usrudk 'gavmufaiGawG&atmif vkyfay;wm od&ifav....tar...b,favmuf
0rf;omvdkufrvJ}
]'g..igvkyfay;vdkU r[kwfygbl;uGm? rif;tdyfrufeJUrif;&wmyg}
]tJ'D tdyfrufxJrSm udkBuD;vJygw,fodvm;}
]bm..igvJ ygw,f}
]tif;..}
]b,fvdkygwmvJ}
ol uRefawmfhrsufESmudk aphaphpyfpyfMunfhum....
]ajymr,faemf...pdwfrqdk;eJU}
]ajymyguGm...tdyfrufwm...bmpdwfqdk;p&mvJ}
]tdyfrufxJrSm usr &ifbwfudk cwfwJU qdwfBuD;[mav}
olpum;cyfav;av;vkyfaeNyD;rS....
]udkBuD;&,f}
]bm...ig}
][kwfw,f...usr&ifbwfvJ cwfNyD;a&m tJ'DqdwfBuD;u udkBuD;jzpfoGm;a&m}
]BuHBuHzefzefuGm}
oluRefawmfhrsufESm aphaphMunfhjyefNyD;...
]udkBuD; pdwfqdk;ovm;[if}
]rqdk;ygbl;uGm? tdyfrufwm pdwfqdk;p&mvm;}
]'gjzifhav...udkBuD;eJUusr rufwmawG &Sdao;w,f ajymtkH;r,f? [dk..udkBuD;&,f
&kyf&SifvdkufjywJUnuav}qdkNyD;rS &kwfw&uf &SufpEdk;jzifh? reufzefusrS ajymr,f? udkBuD;
reufusawmh tdrfvmac:aemf? usrwdkU a&Smufvnf&atmif? [dknu udkBuD;vdkufydkUwm
usrwdkUtdrf rSwfrdw,fr[kwfvm;}
]rSwfrdygw,f 'Dub,folawG tazmfygtkH;rvJ? tzdk;BuD;eJU a':BuD;ygrvm;}
]b,fygrvJ olwdkUu OykofapmifhMurSm}
uRefawmfonf yef;uefaq;aom aumifuav;udkMunfhí...
][dk..aumifav;aum}
]tdk;..oleJUusr &efjzpfxm;w,f}
]bmvdkUvJ}
][dkaumifav;udk usru jywfjywfpJpJ ajymvdkufwm? olu [dkbufuvdkufemw,f av?
bmrSr[kwfzl;? [dkaumifav;u olUacgufqGJav; bmav;auR;wmeJU}
]'gjzifh rif;eJUigESpfa,mufxJaygh}
olonf uRefawmfhudk rsufvkH;uav; 0ifhMunfhvdkufum-
]bmvJ udkBuD;uusreJU ESpfa,mufxJqdk roGm;csifbl;vm;...}
]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? oGm;csifygw,f}
]'gjzifh reufvmac:aemf? qufquf}
aemufwaeUeHeufwGif oluav;onf vSvSyy jyifqifum uRefawmfhudk ajrSmf&Sm
avawmhrnf/
uRefawmfum; rdrdrEdkifaom Zmwfvrf;twGuf a&SUrqufawmhbJ vrf;w0ufESifh
jyefcJU&ayawmhonf/
xdkaeUeHeufü uRefawmfonf rdrdxm;&SdcJUaom uwdtwdkif; olwdkUtdrf&Sd&m ]pnf;ukH}odkU
vmcJUygonf/ 'DuaeUawmh oluav;qE´twdkif; oluav;ESifh tcsdefjzKef;&ef
qkH;jzwfcsufcscJUygonf/
]AsKdUq&mBuD;...q&mBuD;}
uRefawmfvrf;avQmufvmpOf aemufrSac:oHMum;í vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m olwkdU xrif;qdkifrS
yef;uefaq;aom aumifuav;/
uRefawmf&yfvdkufNyD;....
]a[h...bmvJuG}
]cifAsm;ck at;pqD oGm;rvdkUrIwfvm;}
]at;...}
]cifAsm;BuD; wu,f,lrS vkyfygAsm}
]bm...}
uRefawmfh rsufckef;arT; ESpfzufonf txufodkUauG;í wufoGm;onf/ csmwdwf url
tdajE´rysufzJ cyfwnfwnfESifh
]wu,fr,lbJeJU olrsm;cspfjcif; cGif;&kHjzifh raumif;ygbl;Asm}
uRefawmfydkrdk tHUtm;oifhum....
]a[h...rif;bmawG ajymaewmvJ}
]at;pu pdk;&udk cGmxkwfvdkufwm[m cifAsm;BuD;aMumifhAs}
uRefawmfrsufvkH;NyJum...
][,f...}
raeUu at;pu uRefawmfhudkajymw,f? pdk;&vdk acgufqGJqdkifu ulvDpkwfbmvkyf zdkUvJ?
olxufomwJUvl ,lrSmayghwJU? cifAsm;BuD;u olU,lr,fajymw,fqdk? olUvlBuD;awGu vJ
cifAsm;eJUqdk oabmwlw,fwJU}
þreufwGif oluav;uawmh aMumhaMumharmharmh 0wfpm;jyifqifum uRefawmfh udk
ajrSmf&Smayawmhrnf/
uRefawmfrlum;? aemufaemifyif oluav;ESifh rawGUatmif a&Smifjcif;rSwyg;
tjcm;bmrsm; vkyfoifhygao;oenf;/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;ESifh OD;xifwdkU jyefoGm;MuNyD;aemuf? xdktzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;u
ntcsdefwGifom &SdaomaMumifh? e*g;a':OD;wdkufrSm uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; aeouJUodkU
&Sdayawmhonf/ xdkpOfu OD;ae0if;-a':OD;wdkU vifr,m;onf wcgw&H a&mufvmwwfí
uRefawmfhtm; þa*[mrSm aecsifoavmufaeyg&ef OD;ae0if; (pma&;q&m&JxGef;vif;)
u]cifAsm; a&mif;pm;roGm;&if NyD;a&mAsm}[k ajymay&m? uRefawmfrSm xdktcgarNrdKUwGif
rdwfaqGo*F[vnf; rsm;jym;vsuf? arNrdKUom; wa,mufuJUodkU aexdkifcJUygonf/
uRefawmfrSm xdkpOfwGif aiGaMu;twGufvnf; ylyifp&mr&Sd? &Ir0wdkufodkU vpOfrSef rSef
0w¬Ka&;ydkUvsuf? &efukef&Sd uRefawmfhtdrfaxmiftwGuf aiGudkOd;ausmfu rSefrSefay;ae
onf/ uRefawmfarNrdKUwGifokH;&efaiGudk azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; jr0wf&nfpwdk;rS vdkoavmuf
,lonf/ xdktcsdefu &Ir0onf vQrf;vQrf;awmuf? 'dwf'dwfBuJ? xdyfwef;tusqkH;aom
r*¾Zif;jzpfonf/ aomfwmaqGvnf; emrnfwufaumif;aewkef;tcsdef/ &Ir0r*¾Zif;\
yifwdkif pma&;q&mwa,muf taeESifhvnf; *kPf&SdvSonf/ aomfwmaqGudk oduRrf;vdk
ol wdkUvnf;[kdrSonfrSvmí rdwfzGJUMuonf/ xrif;pm;zdwfMuonf/
,if;odkU uRefawmfarNrdKUrSm aysmfyg;aecdkuf? waeUoü &Ir0udkausmfjrqDrS
pmwapmifa&mufvmavonf/ Zlvdkifvqef;avmufwGif jzpfygonf/
udkaqG
'DaEG&moDrSm cifAsm;vmar;MuwJU trsKd;orD;awG ESpfOD;okH;OD;&SdNyD/ 'gayr,fh t&if
[mawGu redyfzl;? uRefawmfawmif rBudKufzl;? 'gaMumifh cifAsm;qDtaMumif;rMum;wm?
ck[muawmh edyfw,fq&m? awmifhw,f? t,fw,f? awmifBuD;arwJU? tckol&efukefq&m
jzpfoif ausmif;a&mufaew,f? olUvdyfpmu (cifar&D awmifBuD;) q&mtwwfoif odyÜH?
uefbJU? &efukef)wJU? cifAsm;qD taMumif;Mum;ay;ygvdkU aoaocsmcsmrSmoGm;w,f/
uRefawmfhqDvmwm ESpfcg&SdNyD/ olwkdUvmwmESpfa,muf? touf 20-avmufawG?
ESpfa,mufpvkH;vJ acsmw,f? &Srf;&kyfawGbJ &Srf;carmufawGeJU/
tJ'gbJ udk,fhq&m/ cifAsm;rEÅav;u aumifrav;eJU [efusaeNyDqdk&if tJ'D arudk
uRefawmfeJUvTJpm a&;ay;vdkuf...[J[J..? 'grS r[kwfvJ areJUtazmfygvmwJU jzLjzL
azG;azG;BuD;udk uRefawmfhajymay;ayghAsm/ uRefawmfhvJ 'DESpfxJrSm pGHr,fvdkUaA'ifua[m
xm;w,f/ 'grsm;vm;rodygbl;...[D[D;../
udkausmfjronf uRefawmfhqD pma&;&if; awmfawmfoabmusae[efwlygonf/
xdkpOfumvu olonf vlysKdBuD;/ rlvyxra&SUOD;qkH; &Ir0 (146-taemufzufwef;?
AdkvfcsKyfaps;)wGif oluaiGudkif pm&if;udkif/ qdkifa&SUrsufESmpmrSm pmyGJwvkH;ESifh xdkifonf
jzpfí? &Ir0ESifh ywfoufNyD; wpkHwa,mufESifh awGUcsifvQif olUqDyxra&mufvmMuonf/
udkausmfjronf vlacsmvlcefUwa,mufjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh olUudkckwkH;vkyfNyD;
uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf aMumfjim&onf/
OD;ausmfnDudkausmfjronf rdef;uav;awGjrifvQif pdwful;,Ofcsifavmufatmif
taemufEdkifiH &kyf&Sifrif;om;uJUodkU cefUacsmacsmol jzpfavonf/ &Ir0wdkufü vlacsma&G;
&if... ]aomfwmaqGNyD;olbJ}[k vlwdkif;ajymMuygonf/ uRefawmfr0gyg/ udkausmfjrawmf
awmfacsmoljzpfyg\/ r,kHvQif AdkvfcsKyfaps;? &Ir0wdkufwGif vmíMunhfEdkifMuygonf/
oltNrJwrf; &Sdygonf/
,if;odkU uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;xJwGif xnfha&;avh&SdaomaMumifh uRefawmfhpmzwf y&dowfESifh
olESifh vlcsif;roduRrf;bJvsuf &if;ESD;ovdk jzpfaeMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhudk
awGUvdkolwkdUonf olUudkar;&ef vG,fulaeMuayonf/
uRefawmfonf ar ]þodkU &efukefa&mufvmvdrfhrnf[lí rajrSmfvifhcJUay/ trSef
udk0efcH&aomf uRefawmfonf cdkifESifh oJoJrJrJjzpfaepOfwGif arhqD uRefawmfpma&;ayghcJU
onf/ ckdifESifh cGJcGmcJU&NyD; uRefawmfarNrdKUa&mufrS (topfb,fvdkaumif;aumif;
ta[mif;udkbJ wvnfvnf) qdkbdodkU uRefawmfarhqDudk pmESpfapmif a&;cJUygao;onf/
olUqDrS jyefpmr&cJU/ ,ckrl uRefawmfrodbJ &efukefa&mufvmcJUjcif;jzpf\/ tu,fí
uRefawmfarNrdKUrS a&;vdkufaom pmawG olUqDa&mufygrl olonf udkausmfjrqDodkU oGm;&ef
yif rvdkacs/
rnfodkUyifjzpfap uRefawmfhpma&;q&mb0\ tcspfOD;arudk awGUcsifvSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
rdwfaqGawG tm;vkH;udk EIwfqufum arNrdKUrS qif;cJUNyD; &efukefodkUjyefcJUyg awmh\/
arhqDudkvnf; uRefawmfpma&;vdkufNyD;
tcPf; (19)
arESifhuRefawmf
aronf 1948-ckESpf? ol 16-ESpforD;u uRefawmfhqDodkU rdwfqufpma&;cJUí? 1949-
ckESpfwGif &nf;pm;jzpfvmMuum ESpfrsm;pGm pmtoGm;tjyefa&;aeMuonf/ (arodkU) [k
olUtwGuf &nf;pl;um 0w¬Krsm;pGm a&;cJUonf/ tcsKdU0w¬Krsm;wGif aomfwmaqG &nf;pm;
arZmwfvdkufxm;um tcgrsm;pGm a&;om;cJUojzifh uRefawmfh
tcPf; (19)
arESifhuRefawmf
aronf 1948-ckESpf? ol 16-ESpforD;u uRefawmfhqDodkU rdwfqufpma&;cJUí? 1949-
ckESpfwGif &nf;pm;jzpfvmMuum ESpfrsm;pGm pmtoGm;tjyefa&;aeMuonf/ (arodkU) [k
olUtwGuf &nf;pl;um 0w¬Krsm;pGm a&;cJUonf/ tcsKdU0w¬Krsm;wGif aomfwmaqG &nf;pm;
arZmwfvdkufxm;um tcgrsm;pGm a&;om;cJUojzifh uRefawmfhpmzwfy&dowfuyif arudk
odaeMuvsuf? ]udkaqG? areJU b,fawmhnm;rvJ}[laom ar;pmrsm;yif vmcJUonf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUrSm 0w¬Krsm;xJwGifom ESpfyg;oGm;aeMu&í vlcsif;awGUbdkU um;
uRefawmfr&nf&G,fcJU/ rBudK;pm;cJU/ umqD;xm;aom taMumif;rsm;&SdcJU\/ odkU&mwGif
BuHaomfvnf;rjzpf? r&nf&G,fbJvnf; jzpfwwfonfhtavsmuf? arESifh uRefawmfwdkU
taMumif;uHu aygif;&efzefvmavawmh? olonf awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm rlvwef;ausmif; wckü
jynfawmfomacwf qGJcefUq&mr vkyfae&mrS 1954-ck ESpfwGif uefbJUq&m
twwfoifausmif;odkU a&mufvmcJUonf/
'Dawmh oluRefawmfhudk &SmykHawmfzGifhNyD/ uRefawmfvnf; arNrdKUrSjyefvmcJUNyD/
olESifhuRefawmfonf "gwfykHcsif;om vJvS,fxm;vsuf vlcsif;wcgrQrawGUbl;bJ
6ESpfwmrQ orD;&nf;pm; jzpfcJUMuí ,ckcsdef;qdkxm;Muawmh jrifvQif od&SdMu&ef t0wf
tqifta&mifESifh trsKd;tpm;udk toD;oD;pmxJwGif azmfjyum tcsdefae&mESifhwuG wdwd
usus a&;om;vdkufMuonf/
rdk;umvrdkU xufaumif;uifu jymrIdif;vsuf&Sdonf/
1954 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv\ wwd,oDwif;ywf we*FaEGaeU eHeuf 10em&DwdwdwGif
uefbJUq&mtwwfoif ausmif;a&SUü opfvGifaom wD;vfrJrif;um;wpD;&yfNyD; xdkum;ay:
rS befaumufvkHcsnf a&nSda&mif? ydk;tuÐsteuf? &ifbwfrSmESif;qDeDwyGifhxdk;vsuf
touf 30rQ cefUrSef;&aom vl&G,fwa,muf qif;vmcsdefü tif;av; Zif;r,fvkHcsnfESifh
pdefuwåDyg tuÐseDeD0wfxm;aom touf 20cefU trsKd;orD;wa,mufonf olESifh&G,fwl
rdef;razmfwa,mufESifh vSyaom &Srf;carmuf udk,fpDaqmif;um ausmif;0if;xJrS
xGufvmMuonf/
azmfjyygESpfa,mufonf cyfvSrf;vSrf;uyif NyKH;&TifaomrsufESmrsm;ESifh wa,muf
wa,muf &Tef;&Tef;pm;pm; MunfhMuum rsufESmcsif;qdkifrdonfü trsKd;om;u tvGefw&m
0rf;omaomtoHESifh ]ar}[k ac:vdkufí trsKd;orD;u ]armif}[k MunfEl;ESpfNcdKufpGm
jyefxl;vdkufavonf/
xdktcgü arESifhygvmolrSm &Srf;jynfuyif/ olESifhtwlygvmcJUaom ausmif;ae
bufoli,fcsif; cifpef;nGefUjzpfí uRefawmfhtm; um;ESifhvdkufydkUolrSm &Ir0udkausmfjryif
jzpfygonf/
þum; arESifhuRefawmfyPmr awGUqkHMujcif;yif/ pmcsif;om qufoG,faeolwdkU rSm
þyPmr awGUqkHjcif;onf tvGefta&;BuD;\/ pmrsm;xJwGif rnfrQyif cspfygw,f/
BudKufygw,f? jrwfEdk;ygw,f[k zGJUEGJUaeMuaomfvnf; vlcsif;awGU&aomtcgü cyftiftif
jzpfum pdwfysufoGm;Muonfrsm;udk uRefawmfBuKHbl;\/
,ck arhudkuRefawmfawGUvdkuf&aomtcgü uRefawmfhpdwf0,f qxufwHydk; jrwfEdk;
cspfMuifrdaví olUbufu uRefawmfhtm; pdwfayghoGm;rSmyif pdk;&drfrdojzifh xdkaeUolwkdU
ausmif;udkjyefydkUNyD;? &Ir0wdkufodkU uRefawmfjyefa&mufaomtcgü ]ar...armifhudkawGU&awmh
[dkwkef;utwdkif; pmawGxJuvdk cspfao;&JUvm;uG,f....armif odyfpdk;&drfwmbJ? armifu
awmhav...arhudk vlcsif;vJawGU&a&m? wu,fbJ ESpfESpfumum cspfwJUpdwfawG[m &ifxJ
rSm wzswfzswf wvSyfvSyfay:vmawmhwmbJ}ponfh t"dyÜm,foufaom pmudk csufjcif;
a&;NyD; pmwdkufrSxnfhvdkuf&m? þpmaemufwaeU olUausmif;odkUa&mufrnfh tcsdefü
arhxHupmwapmif uRefawmfhqD a&mufvmygawmhonf/
olUpmrSmvnf; uRefawmfhenf;wlyif/ ][if...armif arhudkawGU&awmh b,fhES,fae ovJ
armif&,f...Zeyk'fu &Srf;rav;&,fqdkNyD; pdwfysufoGm;rSmudk arodyfpdk;&drfwmbJ?
armifarhudk xyfawGUcsifwJUpdwfrsm; &Sdao;&JUvm;}qdkonfh oabm/
pifppfawmh olESifhuRefawmfonf pmcsif;rnfrQyif tvGrf;o,fxm;apumrl vlcsif;
awGUMuawmh wa,mufwa,muf cspfEdkifrcspfEdkif ,wdjywf qkH;jzwfxm;onfr[kwf
ao;í olUbufuvnf; taz:wa,muf? uRefawmfhbufuvnf; tazmfwa,muf?
ac:vmcJUMujcif;jzpfayonf/
xdkUaMumifh vlu 4 a,muf jzpfaeMuawmh? xdkaeUrSm uRefawmfwkdU cspfudpöudk ra&mufzJ?
vlcsif;rdwfqufyGJrQ jzpfaeí w&kwfwef;u tGefavmufa[mfw,frSm xrif; pm;MuNyD;
olwkdUudkjyefydkUvdkufMuonf/
onfhaemufrS uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufxJ awGUcsifMuonfudk ESpfa,mufpvkH;pdwfü
ay:Muojzifh aemufpaerSm csdef;qdkum uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;oGm;í arwa,muf
wnf;ac:vmcJUawmhonf/ uRefawmfwkdU yxrOD;qkH; cspfwif;aESmvdkufMuonfuawmh
wd&pämef&kHrSm jzpfygonf/ xdkUaemufwGifrl pae? we*FaEGaeUwdkif;vdkyif &kyf&Sif&kH? a&Twd*kH
bk&m;? uefawmfBuD;ESifh tif;vsm;? vrf;ovm;Mu&avawmhonf/
wpwpESifh olESifhuRefawmfonf ,Ofyg;onfxuf ,Ofyg;ívmMuaomtcgwGif? yJcl;odkU
wnOfhtdyf c&D;oGm;Mu&ef uRefawmfpDpOfonf/ arum; uRefawmfhqE´udkbmrQ rjiif;acs/
xdktcsdefü yJcl;wGif NrdKUtkyf udkcifOD;ESifh a':nGefUnGefUwdkU&Sdonf/ olwkdUvifr,m; onf
uRefawmf\pmzwf y&dowfjzpfí olwkdUjrpfBuD;em;NrdKUrSmaepOf 1951-ck ucsif raemyGJodkU
uRefawmfoGm;wkef;uwnf;u pwifcifrifcJUMuonf/ ,ck yJcl;odkU olwkdUajymif;
vmMu&awmh tvnfvmyg&ef w-wwac:aeMuojzifh tqifoifhyif uRefawmfwkdU
vifr,m;ESpfa,muf vmcJUrnfhtaMumif; udkcifOD;xHpma&;vdkufawmhonf/
udkcifOD;wkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUtm; wu,fvifr,m;bJ xifíuRefawmfwkdUtwGuf
tdyf&mcrf;em;rsm; jyifqifxm;Muonf/ paeaeUreuf &xm;ESifhoGm;MuNyD; we*FaEGaeU
nae&xm;ESifh jyefvmMuawmh &efukefblwmrSm arSmifaeacsNyD/
onfawmh uRefawmfu...
]ar&,f rxl;awmhygbl;? aemufwaeU reufapmapmrSbJ ausmif;udkdjyefygawmh? ckn
'Da[mfw,frSmbJ tdyfvdkufMuygpdkU}
]armifhoabmbJ? ar armifhr,m; jzpfaeygNyD}
xdkpOftcgü rD;&xm;a[mfw,fu wa,muftdyfcef;udk w&uf 33d? ESpfa,muf tdyfcef;udk
44d? OD;MuifaqG? a':cifar&D? jynfNrdKUrSvmaom c&D;onfvifr,m;[k pm&if; oGif;&onf/
þrSpNyDawmhum;? uRefawmfwdkUonf ausmif;tm;aeUrsm;wkdUwGif a[mfw,frSmyif
aeMuawmhonf/ Mumvmawmh a[mfw,f refae*smESifh uRrf;NyDjzpfí wa,muftdyfcef;udk
bJ,lawmhonf/ wa,mufcef;ESifh ESpfa,mufcef;qdkwmu ukwifwvkH;&SdwmESifh ESpfvkH;&Sd
wmbJ jcm;em;onf/ aiG 11d usyf oufomonf/
aemufawmhxdkxuf aps;oufomaomXmeudk awGUonfum;? pywfvrf;u ae&Sif
e,fa[mfw,f? w&ufrS 11d&,f? rD;&xm;a[mfw,favmufawmh rcrf;em;bl;aygh? tdwfxJ
aiGyg;vQif ae&Sife,f? aiGrsm;vQif rD;&xm;/
tJonfwkef;u vlysKdBuD;udkausmfjrtm; arholi,fcsif;tysKdav; cifpef;nGefUESifh
qG,fay;rnf[k pdwful;rdMuao;onf/ okdU&mwGif waeUoü udkausmfjronf ,ckolUZeD;
a':oef;0if;ESifh ae&Sife,fa[mfw,frSm [dkbufcef;'Dbufcef;qkHaeMuonf/ a':oef;0if;
onf awmifBuD;aq;&kHrSm olemjyKq&mr vkyfzl;í arESifhoduRrf;aeMuonf/ olwkdU
nm;onfum; uRefawmfwdkUxuf wESpfavmuf aemufusao;\/
uRefawmfonf armifusifarmif? armifMuifaqGtjzpfESifh tcspfOD;ESifhrnm;cJU& aomfvnf;?
aomfwmaqGum; tcspfOD;ESifhnm;onf[k qdk&acsrnf/ taMumif;rl? aronf
trsKd;orD;xJrS aomfwmaqGtm; yxrOD;qkH; rdwfqufol yxrOD;qkH; &nf;pm;/
pm&nf;pm;tjzpfESifh tESpfESpftvvu pdwfxJ cJxm;Muonfhtwdkif; onfvdk
jzpfvmvdrfhrnfrxifbJESifh? vlcsif;awGUMu&avawmh rD;ukef,rf;ukef cspfMuaví
uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf MunfEl;rIu vGJNyD; tjcm;bmrQ rpOf;pm;Muawmhacs/ onfawmh
ywf0ef;usifu pum;ajymvm\/
arwdkUawmifBuD;NrdKUrS q&mtwwfoifausmif;odkU vmcJUMuonfrSm cifpef;nGefU tjyif
tjcm;ESpfa,mufu &Sdao;\/ þESpfa,mufu arhbufawmfom;r[kwf/ aronf pae?
we*FaEGaeUwdkif; uRefawmfESifhtjyifvdkufoGm;NyD; nOfhtdyfnOfhae rjyefbJ aeonfudk
olwdkUESpfa,mufxHrS awmifBuD;NrdKU oufqdkifolrsm;xHodkU owif;a&mufoGm;avaom
aMumifh arESifhuRefawmfhudpörSm a&SUwdk;rvm;? aemufqkwfrvm;qdkonfh jyóemESifh&ifqdkif
&avawmhonf/ tu,fíom uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,mufonf tavQmhay;vdkufMuvQif
um;? woufvkH; tvGrf;taqG;orm;awG jzpfMuacsawmhrnf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufpvkH;u tm,kvrf;aMumif;ESifhOmPvrf;aMumif;
rqufMuaom vu©Pmjywf ZGwform;rsm;jzpfMuí jyKrdonfhudpöudk aemufrqkwf?
a&SUodkUom wkd;Murnf[k qkH;jzwfcsuf csMuum 1954-ckEdk0ifbmv 16-&ufaeUü aronf
ausmif;rS tNyD;xGufcJUum uRefawmfhaemufodkU vdkufcJUavawmh\/ udkausmfjr\
[DvJrJif;um;BuD;ESifhyif/
uRefawmfonf arhtm;jynfvrf; at0rf;NcHteD; 'g&dkufwmOD;b&SiftdrfodkU ac:oGm; onf/
þowif;onf uRefawmfha,mu©rem; aygufoGm;avawmh olwkdUyGufavm&dkuf
Muavonf/ olwkdUbufuvnf; rmeBuD;ygayonf/ olUorD;tm; ]udk,fhrpkHrufvdkU
ypfoGm;wmrsm; 'if;udk *&kpdkufraeygeJU? oleJU arG;oGm;wJU cav;awG twGufom pm;p&dwf
&atmif awmif;a[h}
olwkdUtvdk&Sdonfum;? cav;wa,muf 50d-EIef; 5-a,mufwGuf wv 250-&vQif
NyD;a&m/
þae&mü &Ir0OD;ausmfESifh wifhw,fudkaus;Zl;wif&onf/ olwkdUESpfa,mufonf
uRefawmfha,mu©ra&SUarSmuf vdkufvmMuum OD;ausmfonf aomfwmaqGqDu wv 250d-
udk olwm0efcygonf[k uwday;ojzifh a,mu©rBuD; ausat;oGm;av\/ [dkwkef; u
uRefawmfhqDu xrif;vcaiG 200d-udk tvDvDtvmvm qlqlylylESifh &ae&mvpOf
OD;ausmfqDu rSefrSefxkwf,l&kHbJaygh/
OD;ausmfuvnf; vpOfr*¾Zif; 0w¬Kwyk'f 300d-tjyif &Ir0rSm t[du@xnfhí
uRefawmfhtm; r*¾Zif; 16-rsufESm (pmESpfazmif)twGuf pmrlrsm; wm0efcH&onfhtwGuf
300d- aygif; 600d uRefawmfhudkay;ojzifh uRefawmfhb0vrf;opfonf tqifajyí
oGm;ayawmh\/
arESifh uRefawmf&NyD;aemuf uRefawmfhb0onf udk,fhqE´tvdkjynfhNyDjzpfoGm;í
uRefawmf,cifuxuf pmawGudk a&;Edkifonf/ &Ir0omru jr0wDESifh aoG;aomufodkU
vnf; a&;ay;Edkifonf/ aruvnf; t*Fvdyf0w¬KawG tvGefzwfoljzpfí uRefawmfhtm;
Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk ajymjyygonf/ tcsKdU0w¬kKrsm;rSm oludk,fwdkifa&;í uRefawmfu tenf;
i,f jyifay;&kHjzifh aomfwmaqG 0w¬KawG wdk;vmcJUonf/ uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;wGif &Srf;jynf
taMumif;t&mygvmvQif arhtultnDyif/ t>rufrQazmfjy&aomf pmayqk&aom 0w¬Kwdk
rsm;xJrS wmwD;ESifhrJwl? arwåmr@dKif? Od;pdE´mESifh olaX;r? 0w¬KawGrSm olwkdUtdrfaxmifu
udk,fawGUrsm;udk ara&;aom 0w¬Krsm;jzpfygonf/ aronf pma&;vnf;aumif;í oludk,f
wdkif pma&;q&mjzpfvdku jzpfEdkifonf[k uRefawmfajym&Jygonf/ odkUaomf arhrSm 'Dvdkjzpf
csifpdwfur&Sd? uRefawmfhudkulnD&vQif ola&;ay;wmudk uRefawmfBudKufESpfoufvQifbJ
olauseyfygNyDwJU/
xdkUjyif aronf oDcsif;qdka&m toHa&maumif;í olUtaMumif;odaom rdwfaqG "mwfjym;
ukrÜPDwcku oDcsif;oGif;&ef ac:onfudk uRefawmfuwdkufwGef;ygvsuf (olwdkUa&;wJU
oDcsif;awG usufvm;...wdkufvm;...&Iyf&Iyf&Suf&SufawG rvkyfcsifygbl;)[k jiif;qdkcJU\/
olqdkvdkaom oDcsif;udk qdkcsifaomtcgrS qdkcsifoljzpf\/ aronfjrefrm oDcsif;omru
wBudrfaomtcgü trBuD;cifrsKd;cspf? OD;cifarmifvwf? OD;cifaZmf? (k) a':oef;ESpfwdkU
vifr,m;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUpkHwGJ *smrefoHtrwfBuD;\tdrf {nfhcHyGJodkUoGm; Mu&m tqdkawmf
udktHUBuD;wdkUarmifESHvnf; a&mufaeí udktHUBuD;uxkH;pHtwdkif; olUtaumf'D,HESifh
{nfhcHae\/ xdkrSudktHUBuD;ESifh aru pumpyfrdí t*FvdyfoDcsif;wyk'f? *smrefoDcsif;wyk'f?
*syefoDcsif;wyk'fudk olwkdUESpfa,mufpvkH;&wmESifh wdkufqdkifaeav&m? aru qdk
udktHUBuD;u wD;av&mvlrsKd;jcm;rsm; tHUMopGm Mobmay;jcif;udkcHcJU&ygonf/
aronf c&pf,efjzpzfí i,fpOfuyif olwkdUbk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;rSm "r®oDcsif;rsm;udk
oDqdkcJU&oljzpf\/ uav;b0uwnf;u ausmif;jyZmwfrsm;wGif tqdkawmfjzpfcJUonf/
uRefawmfwkdUtdk;opf tdrfopf
xdkpOfu OD;b&SiftdrfrSm at0rf;NcHESifhuyfvsuf? ,ckjynfolydkifodrf;xm;aom yifvkH
a':Ek,Of\ txnfpuf&kHBuD; rwnfaqmufrDu tvGefus,f0ef;aom NcHBuD;xJrSmqif;&J
om; wJukyfrsm;tkyfpkwGif jzpf\/
OD;b&Sifu 'g&dkufwmyDyD &kyf&SifqufwifvkyfonfhES,f olUtdrfaqmufykHu qef;\/
[dka&S;,cif t*Fvdyfacwf wdkuftdrfBuD;wvkH;udk tv,fu AkH;'g&dkuf[pfusvdkuf awmh?
eHab;ESpfzufwdkuf0&Hwm ESpfckom &Sdawmh\/ þ0&Hwm ESpfckuay 30-rQ uGmav &m
tv,fu qifhxdk;? Murf;cif;NyD; trdk;tum vkyfxm;ojzifh ajc&if;buf wdkuf0&Hwmu
avSum;wufESifh rD;zdkacsmif acgif;&if;buf wdkuf0&Hwmu oD;oefUtcef;wck? þtcef;udk
uRefawmfwkdUay;xm;ojzifh ntcsdefrSm eHab;ywf0ef;usifudk qufoG,fí rMunfhbl;qdk
vQifjzifh uRefawmfwkdUwdkufay:rSm ae&wJUtwdkif;ygbJcifAsm/ odkUaomf rdk;onfu"ed?
umonfu 0g;x&H/ wdkuf0&Hwm vomaqmifuav;uawmh ususee/
,if;tdrfonf jynfvrf;rBuD;ESifh wac:avmufa0;\/ xdkvrf;udkvnf; ausmcdkif;
aqmifxm;\/ þtdrf\ ta&SUbufwGifrl vlUvufckyfwazmufavmufedrfhaom
atmufcsKdifh0Srf;BuD;/ OD;b&Sifuawmf a':usif\ yef;pdkufaom tcif;jzpfí ywf0ef;usif
rSm 0g;&kHawG csKHykwfawGvnf;&Sd\/ þcsKHykwfawG 0g;&kHawGxJrSm a&MuufESifh
bkwfiSufrsm;&Sd í rdk;at;vQif a&MuufawGu jrL;wl;atmfjrnf\/ aeylvQifbkwfutD\/
xdkatmufcsKdifhxJu opfyifwkdUudk uRefawmfwkdUtdrftay:rS pD;NyD;jrifae&í eHeuf
aexGufvmonfudk Munfh&aomf? xl;qef;aom jrifuGif;wrsKd;ESifhvS\/ ESif;rIefrIefuav;
rsm; usaevQif MunfEl;bG,faumif;vSonf/
þa*[mrSm ESpfvrQaeNyD;aomtcg0,f uRefawmfwkdUonf udk,fydkiftdk;tdrf
xlaxmifoifhNyD[k qkH;jzwfcsuf csMu\/ xdkUaMumifh tdrf&SmMuav&m at0rf;NcHwGiftvkyf
qif;aom &Gmwef;&Snfom;rsm;ESifh pum;pyfrdí olwkdU&GmrSm tdrfvGwfiSm;zdk&SdaMumif; Mum;
od&\/ xdktcg OD;b&Sifuawmfu ]'D&Gmom;awG p&dkufMurf;w,f? arwkdU aevdkUjzpfygh
rvm;}qdkí uRefawmfu b,fvdkp&dkufMurf;oenf; pkHprf;Munfhawmh....
]Muuform;? t&uform;? zJorm;awGrsm;w,f}
[m;...[m;...OD;b&Sifuawmf rodíom/ 'grsKd;u uRefawmfhtBudKuf uRefawmfh
p&dkufawGubJ/
uRefawmfxdk&Gmav;odkU vdkufNyD;Munhfvdkufonf/ BudKufNyD/ okH;yiftdrf ajcwH&Snf
jrifhjrifhuav;/ &ifacgif;avmuftqifhESifh rD;zdkaqmiftwGJESifh tdrfatmufrSm MuufbJvJ
arG;jrLEdkifonf/ NcH0if;uvJ us,fygbdonf/ aemufaz;bufrSmqdk wajrSmfwac:BuD;?
opfyif O,smOfawGuvnf; aumif;vS\/
þtdrfuav;u wvrS 30d? pabmfvJray;&/ wufaevdkufawmh wvwGuf 30d-
bJay;&\/
1955-ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvqef; 1 &ufwGif þ&Gmwef;&Snf&GmodkU uRefawmfwkdU
a&mufcJUMuavonf/ uRefawmfwkdU tdk;opftdrfopf pavNyD/
arESifh uRefawmfnm;awmh olutouf 20? uRefawmfu 35ESpf/ uRefawmf,cif r,m;ESifh
12 ESpfaygif;cJUí om;orD; 5a,muf&cJUonf/ odkU&mwGif..
vifr,m;nm;jcif;ESifh tdrfaxmifusjcif;
]vif&wdkif; tdrfaxmifrusbl;? r,m;&wdkif; tdrfaxmifrusbl;? vifr,m; nm;wmeJU
tdrfaxmifuswm wjcm;pDbJuG aomfwmaqG? rif;tckcav; av;ig;a,muf &ayr,fh
tdrfaxmifrusao;bl;}
þum; trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfu uRefawmfhtm; ajymcJUaom pum;jzpfygonf/ trBuD; onf
uRefawmfhtaMumif;udk a&a&vnfvnfodonf/ uRefawmfuvnf; olUudktm;vkH;
ajymjyavh&Sdonf/ uRefawmfh&nf;pm;awG? "mwfykHawG oltukefod/
wjcm;trsKd;orD;qdkvQif ]om;r,m;&Sdvsufom;ESifh 'Davmufujrif;ausm xaewJU
taumif}[k qdkayvdrfhrnf/ odkUaomf trBuD;um; uRefawmfhtm; tjypfrqdkbJ ]aomfwm
aqG? rif;[m om;r,m;&ayr,fh tdrfaxmifrusao;vdkU 'DvdkpdwfawG&Sdaewmyg}[kajym
awmh.... uRefawmfhpdwf0,f 'DtrBuD;[m ighudkcifwmeJU? ighbufu yif;NyD;ajymwmyg}[k
atmufarhcJUygonf/
a[m...,ckawmhrS olUpum; rSefuefaMumif; udk,fawGUod&avNyD/ [dk,cif
tdrfaxmifeJUaepOfu uRefawmfonf tdrfudk enf;enf;rScifrifpdwfr&Sd/ eHeufrdk;aomufqdk
uwnf;u tdrfay:u qif;ajy;? waeUvkH; a&mufcsif&ma&muf? aomufcsif&maomuf?
pm;csif&mpm;/
a,mu©raMumifhwJUvm;/ rif;wkdUtdrfcJGrMunfhbl;vm;/
'gaMumifhuRefawmfonf *syefacwf jrif;vSnf;orm;b0rSm wcg? pma&;q&mjzpfrS
wBudrf? udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrfcGJaecJUbl;ygonf/ aemfrmonf xrif;[if;rcsufwwf/ aps;em
r0,fwwf/ tdrfaxmifrIbmrQrjyKwwf/ *syefacwfwkef;u reufjrif;vSnf;rxGufrD
uRefawmfu aps;0,fay;cJUí uRefawmfhjrif;vSnf; '&dkifbmudkjrwfom rdef;rroif;u
csuf&ygonf/
'Dbufacwfa&muf? uRefawmf pma&;q&mb0rSm tdk;tdrfcJGMunfhawmh csKdifhESifhydkU aom
xrif;vc ay;pm;&ygonf/
vifr,m;rqdkxm;bd? taygif;toif; oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGaomfrS tay;t,lwuf nDrS
aygif;oif;í jzpfay&m? aemfrmESifh uRefawmfum; tdrfaxmifom,mrIudk b,fvdkrQ
r&cJUay/ aemufqkH;awmh uRefawmfolUtm; ZGwfcGJ&aomtajcodkU a&mufcJUavNyD/ aemfrm
tm; uRefawmfoem;onfrSwyg; tjcm;rwwfEdkifawmhNyD/ udk,fhom,maomb0? udk,f&
atmif &kef;xGufcJU&onf/ uRefawmfhtm; tjypfqdkcsifvnf; qdkEdkifMuygonf/
arESifhuRefawmfnm;NyD;awmhum; uRefawmfudk,fhtdrfrSm udk,faysmfoGm;avNyD/
tdrfxrif;[if;uvGJNyD; tjcm;b,frSmrS rpm;csifawmh/ taMumif;rSm aronf xrif;[if;
tcsuftjyKwfvnf; aumif;\/ olwyg;tm; jyKpkauR;arG;vdkaom apwemvnf;&Sd\/
vif{nfhonfawGudkvnf; tvdkufodwwf\/
tdrfomrS{nfhvmqdkaom pum;&Sd&m? tdrfomonfqdk&mrSm wdkufESifhwmESifh NcHESifh 0if;ESifh
O,smOfyef;refESifh om,maeonfudk rqdkvdkay/ xdktdrf&Sif vifr,m;\ oifhjrwfrI
{nfhonfudk tvdkvdkufí pdwfBudKufaqmifrItay:rSm wnfayonf/
uRefawmf&Gmwef;&SnfwGifaecJUaom tdrfuav;rSm okH;yifESpfcef;? oGyfrdk; x&Hum? wdkifu
4}}._2}} opfom;uav;awG jzpfuwwfqef; aqmufxm;onfrdkU caemfeDcaemfeJU yg/
uRefawmfwkdU tdrfaxmifOD;wnfprSm {nfhcef;wGif pmyGJukvm;xdkifrQr&Sdyg/ odkU&mwGif
{nfhonfawGu uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm aysmfvS\/ pae we*FaEGrSmqdkvQif tdrfa&SUwGif
um;BuD; um;i,fawGESifh jynfhaeacsNyD/
taMumif;rSm ar\{nfh0wfjyKpkrI aumif;íyif/ uRefawmfhtaygif;toif;qdkvQif pm&Iolrsm;
odMurnfhtwdkif; taomuform;rsm;csnf;aygh/ þtaomuform;awG qE´ jynfh0atmif
arujyKpkEdkifonf/ olwkdUüygvmaom ykvif;rsm;? a&cJrsm;? pm;p&mrsm;udk rD;zdkcef;om
ydkUvdkuf? uRefawmfwkdUu tdrfa&SUrSm pwdkifESifhtusxdkifaomufzdkUyif/
aomufNyD;vQif xrif;pm;MubdkUvnf; aru tm;vkH;pDrHwwfonf/ t&uform; awG rl;NyD;
arhtm;oDcsif;qdkbdkU yGJawmif;vQifvnf; arupdwfygvufygoDqdkjyvdkufav onf/
xdkpOfu uRefawmfhtdrf vmMuaom rdwfaqGrsm;rSm 'dwf'dwfBuJydkufqHcsrf;omMuol rsm;?
&efukefNrdKUu a[mfw,fawGrSm aumif;ayh ñGefUayhqdkwmawGudk atmf'gay;í
pm;avh&SdMuolrsm;jzpf&m? þa[mfw,fpmawG nnf;aiGUojzifh arhxrif;[if;rSpm;csifonf
[k qdkvmMuonf/ uG,fvGefol rdk;ukwfolaX;udkjrarmifonf arcsufaom ig;&SOfhom;
zm;om;udk tvGefBudKufonf/
xrif;[if;csuf aumif;onfqdk&mrSm yg&rDwrsKd;bJ[k uRefawmfqdkcsifonf/ jrefrm
vlrsKd;awG csufjyKwfaMumfavSmf pm;aomufMuaom tom;ig;? i&kwf? MuufoGef? qDqm;?
ig;yd? iefjyma& twlwcsnf;bJaygh/ odkU&mwGif csufwmcsif;rSm vuf&mcsif; uGJvmonf/
Oyrmjy&aomf vufokwfpkH qdkifawG&Sd\/ xdkvufokwfypönf;wdkUrSm xrif;? rkHU[if;cg; rQif?
MumZH? acgufqGJ? tmvl;? oabFmoD;? yJyifayguf? a*:zD? yJrIefU? ykpGefajcmuf rIefU? qDcsuf?
iefjyma&? refusnf;a&? ,if;onfwdkUtwlwlbJudk tpyft[yfaumif;aom aps;onfrS
aumif;ayonf/
'DqdkifrSm rata&mif;aewmudk rdcifrtm;í orD;0ifjyifvdkufvQifyif vuf&mysuf acsonf/
wBudrfaomtcgu aps;wckwGif rkHU[if;cg;qdkifawG trsm;tjym;&Sd&mrS tvGef
vlBudKufrsm;aom qdkifwwqdkifwnf;&Sdonf/ a&mif;oluta':BuD;om;trd/ w&Hcgaomf
ta':BuD;u emrusef;jzpfí rcsufEdkifrjyKwfEdkifojzifh orD;tm;vTJvdkuf&onf/ ta':BuD;
onf wvrQom tdyf&mxJvJvdkuf&onf/ olUqdkifrSm pm;aomufolododoomom
enf;yg;oGm;avawmhonf/
,if;ü rathcsufenf;? jyKwfenf;udk orD;u aeUwdkif;Munfhaewm/ rdcifBuD;udk,f
wdkifuvnf; orD;tm; udk,fzd? &ifzd? b,f'if;b,fvdk b,favmufxnfh[k
jyocJUrnfom jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif yg&rDygaom vufpGrf;um; oifMum;í&onf
r[kwfay/ ydk;omukef armifykH apmif;rwwf acswum;/
yg&rD&Sifum; olUzmomol xl;cRefonfomjzpfacsonf/
&efukefNrdKUu a[mfw,fawGudk pkHatmif rdwfo*F[awG aus;Zl;jzifh uRefawmfwkdU
oGm;a&mufpm;aomufcJUbl;\/ aronf a[mfw,fwcku [if;wcGufudk pm;aomufzl;NyD
qdkygu onfrSm b,f[if;bmawGygonf[k rajymbJESifh odvmvsuf olcsufwwfjyKwf
avawmhonf/
wBudrfaomtcgü uRefawmfonf tif;,m;uefa[mfw,fodkU oGm;&if; taemuf
*smreDoH&kH;u puú&Daw&Da'gufwm tuf'Gif*sKH;zvufcsfESifh rdwfaqGjzpfvmcJUí olu
uRefawmfhtm; þa[mfw,frSm aeUv,fpm auR;vdkufojzifh uRefawmfu olUtm; waeU ü
aeUv,fpmpm;&ef zdwfMum;cJUonf/
]uJ..ara&...*smrifwa,mufawmh igxrif;pm;zdwfcJUNyDuGm? olwdkUOa&mywdkufom; pm
rif;csufwwf&JUvm;...}[k qdkawmh...
]Munfhaygharmif&,f...ar BudK;pm;ygr,f}[k jyefajym\/
EdkifiHjcm;om;awGpm;Edkifonfh [if;av;ig;rsKd;csufjyKwfí xm;av&m? ig;jrif;&if;udk
*sKHrkefUvl;íaMumfNyD; EGm;EdkUESifh pDrHxm;aom pGwfjyKwfudk a'gufwmtuf'GifajymírqkH;&Sdacs
onf/
aemuf wESpfavmufMumaomtcgü a'gufwmtuf'Gifonf *smreDjynfodkU acwå
jynfoGm;NyD;? tar&dueftrsKd;orD;wa,mufudk vufxyfum jyefvmcJUonf/ olwkdUZeD;
armifESHudk uRefawmfwdkUu xrif;weyf zdwfauR;aomtcg a'gufwmtuf'Gifu olUtm;
yxrOD;qkH;tBudrfauR;aom ]zpf&Sfqk}ygap&ef rSmMum;onf/
þxrif;0dkif;wGif olUZeD;*sKH;u...
]usr a,mufsm;u ajymcJUbl;ygw,f? *smreDjynfrSma&m? jyifopfrSma&m? tDwvD rSma&m?
t*FvefrSma&m? tar&durSma&m olpm;cJUbl;wJU xrif;yGJawGrSm tck&SifwkdUtdrfu
zpf&Sfqkavmuf aumif;wm rawGUbl;ao;bl;vdkUqdkygw,f....? tckusrvJ olUpum;udk
axmufcHygw,f&Sif}
urÇmudkawmfawmfESHUatmif a&mufzl;í olUudk,foltpm;aumif; BudKufvSol[k 0efcHaom
*smrefoHtrwfBuD; AGefudkifZmuvnf; þig;jrif;&if;ESifhcsufaom ar\ ]zpf&Sfqk}udk
csD;rGrf;ygonf/
þae&mü pmzwfolu ]'Davmufajymom;aumif;wJU[if;awmh pm;Munfhvdkufcsif w,f}[k
pdwful;aygufaumif; aygufayrnf/ odkU&mwGif olwkdUOa&mygy;gpyfawGom BudKufí
uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmcHwGif;awmh aumif;rnf[k wm0efrcHEdkifyg/ bmaMumihfqdk
uRefawmfudk,fwdkifuawmh rBudKufzl;As/ tJ...arcsufwJU jrefrmxrif;[if;qdk&ifjzifh cifAsm;
wkdU BudKufMurSmbJ/ uRefawmfhtdrfrSm pm;bl;wJU rdwfaqGwdkif;vdkbJ oabmawGUMuygonf/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;udk,fwdkifuvnf; ]aomfwmaqGrdef;r [if;csufaumif;w,f?
awmfawmf [if;rsKd;pkHatmifvJ csufwwfw,f}[k csD;rGrf;bl;ygonf/ q&maZmf*sDESifh q&m
rif;ok0PfwkdUvJ uRefawmftdrfrSmpm;bl;ygonf/ þxrif;yGJwGif vif;,kefeDvnf;ygcJUí
tm;vkH;pm;tNyD;ü ueef;aMumfwvkH; usefaeonfudk ]'gav;awmh uRefawmfbJ&Sif;vdkuf
awmhrnf}[k tukefwG,fypfvdkuf\/
'g&dkufwm OD;b&SiftdrfwGif uRefawmfwkdUESpfvausmfrQaeNyD;? &Gmwef;&SnfodkU
ajymif;vmcJUMuaomtcg OD;b&Sifonf arcsufwJU xrif;[if;pm;csifvdkU[k qdkNyD;
vmvnf wwfygonf/
]arhvuf&m aumif;w,fqdkwmu om;ig;csufwmawGom r[kwfzl;/ ig;yda&azsmf
wmutp xl;jcm;w,f}[k OD;b&Sifu ajymprSwfjyKygonf/
taMumif;rSm OD;b&SifwkdU tdrfaxmifESifh twlaepOfu 'DvdkygcifAsm/ rsm;aomtm; jzifh
&efukefolrsm; ig;yd&nfpm;ykHu 'DaeUbJ BudKBudK? raeUubJ BudKBudK? at;pufaewmudk
ig;yda&bJ bm*&kpdkufp&m&SdovJqdkwJU oabmeJU jyefaEG;avhr&SdMubl;? i&kwfoD;rIefUawG
bufueJZGef;eJU aumfxnfhpm;vdkufMuwmbJ? OD;b&Sifuawmf[m 'Denf;bJ&Sdwmudk?
aruawmh ig;yda&at;pufae&if a&av;enf;enf;xnfh? jyefBudKvdkufw,f? qlw,fqdk&if
ig;yda&[m atmufu te,fvJ xvmw,f? olU&eHUvJ xGufvmw,f? (ig;yda&at;puf
pufqdkvQif ig;yda& tdk;wdkUrnfonf t&dk;rsm;&Sdí arTcwfvdkUvJ rjzpfojzifh tay:u
t&nfMunfbJ&r,f) EdkUNyD; azsmf&mrSmvJ aru i&kwfoD;ajcmufrIefUawGom r[kwf? Muuf
oGefjzL? i&kwfoD;pdrf;? c&rf;csOfoD;udk rD;tkHNyD; axmif;azsmfvdkufawm hteHUt&om wrsKd;
xGufvmoaygh/
&Ir0OD;ausmfonf 1956-ckESpf aEG&moD uRefawmfwkdU awmifBuD;odkU oGm;aepOf
olwkdUom;tzrsm; vdkufvmMuí uRefawmfwkdUESifhtwl wvrQ aeoGm;bl;onf/ OD;ausmf
rSm aeUwdkif;xrif;NrdefvSí...
]aru [if;csufaumif;&kHwif r[kwfzl;? [if;pyfvJ wnfhw,fAs? EdkUNyD;? olaumfzD
azsmfwmvJ aomufaumif;w,fAs? 'DaumfzDrIefU 'DEdkUqDoMum;[mudk olazsmfwmu 'djyif
vlazsmfwmxuf ydkaumif;w,fAsm}[k csD;rGrf;vsuf b,ftcgrqdk oluRefawmftdrfa&muf
vmNyDqdkvQif tcsdefra&G; ]ara&aumfzD aumfzD}[k tdrfa&SU0ifuwnf;u atmfavh&Sd\/
trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfESifh OD;cifarmifvwfwdkUqdkvQif uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm [if;csKdifhrSmpm; wm
10-ESpfavmuf &SdcJUacsNyD/
aronf tcsuftjyKwfvnf; tvGefjref\/ rD;ESpfzdkESifh csuf&m? [if;okH;av;rsKd;udk eHeuf
9-em&Drxdk;rD NyD;\/
þae&mü pmzwfolrsm;u uRefawmfhtm; t&ifr,m;udk ESdrfvGef;NyD;? aemufr,m; udk
ajrSmufvGef;onf[k qdkcsif qdkEdkifMuygonf/ odkU&mwGif tnHUqkH;aom ZeD;ESifh tawmf
qkH;aom ZeD;udk aygif;bl;aom uRefawmfonf ESpfzuftpGef;Mum;0,f "r®"dXmefusus
a&;om;aejcif;om jzpfygonf/ rSef&muvJGNyD; rnfolUrQ emapomap[k oabmrxm;yg/
pmzwfolrsm;twGuf EIdif;,SOfcsufawGUbdkU &nf&G,fygonf/
uRefawmfonf arESifhnm;NyD;rS uRefawmfhb0ESifh uRefawmfhpdwfxm;u vkH;vkH;BuD;
ajymif;vJoGm;ygNyD/ ,cifu pm&nf;pm;awGrsm;pGm xm;cJUí rdrdukd,frdrd 0goemqdk;&w,f?
jrmayGwJUaumif[k xifcJUaom uRefawmfonf arESifh&NyD;rS pm&nf;pm;awGtm;vkH;udk
jzwfypfvdkufawmhonf/ uRefawmfESifh arnm;NyD[lívnf; 0w¬Krsm;xJwGif aMumfjimvdkuf
onf/
rEÅav;NrdKUwGif ]apmifh&ufawGudk;q,fajyawmifrS? awGU&atmif olrzefbl;?
wrl[efpdwfawmf ajymif;w,fxifh? vSrsufcs,f EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f? acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f}
[k uRefawmf uAsma&;cJUaom uav;rqDu uRefawmf &efukefjyefa&mufawmh (olb,f
vdk tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh uRefawmfeJU rawGUEdkifwJUtaMumif;? ,if;udk tm;ravQmhao;bJ
ajrSmfvifhcsufxm;NyD; olUtwGuf 0w¬Krsm;xJwGif acsmhjrLygOD;) qdkonfh pmwapmif
a&mufvmygao;\/
odkUaomf olUqE´um; rjynfhawmhNyD/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfonf arESifhnm;NyD;um rS
[dk,cifwkef;uvdk pmzwfolrsm;tzkdU [mo? cspfolrsm;twGuf acsmhjrLaom 0w¬Krsm;udk
uRefawmfra&;awmhNyD/ a&;&ef pdwfr&SdawmhNyD/ &dk;&dk;[moESifh b0o&kyfazmf0w¬Krsm;buf
odkU ajymif;cJUygonf/ ,if;wkdUonf uRefawmfhpdwfudk uRefawmfajymif;cdkif;&onf r[kwf/
olUtvdktavsmuf ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfay&m? ,cktcsdefü b0o&kyfazmf0w¬Krsm;om
a&;aeí [dkwkef;uvdk [mo0w¬KawG a&;ygOD;qdkaomf uRefawmfra&;EdkifawmhygNyD/ ,cif
u ta&;tom;tcsKdUudk udk,fh[mudk,fjyefMunfhí &Sufrdonfrsm;vnf; awGU&yg\/
atmf..i,fpdwfESifh BuD;pdwfrwlbJudk/
,ck udk,fhtw¬KyÜwåd ]uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif;}wGif olUae&mESifhol tcsdeft&G,f
tavsmuf cspfcef;BudKufcef;rsm;vnf; a&;om;NyD;cJUNyD/ tcsKdUae&mü uav;uvufEdkif
onf[k ajymoHrsm; Mum;&ygonf/ rwwfEdkifNyD/ uRefawmfa&;aepOfü udk,fhtm&kHcHpm;rd
onfhtwdkif; a&;vdkufjcif;omjzpfygonf/ ,cka&SUqufíum; tdrfaxmifa&; vlrIa&;ESifh
om;ajr;rsm;taMumif;odkU a&muf&ygawmhrnf/
þae&mü tydkif;cJGvdkygonf/ aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;rSm 17-va&;cJUí yk*HrSxkwfaom
]uRefawmfhb0 ZmwfaMumif;}pmtkyfudk yxrydkif;? ,ck &Ir0ü a&;om;NyD;cJUonfudk 'kwd,
ydkif;? a&SUqufa&;rnfudk wwd,ydkif;[k qdkygrnf/
yxrydkif;ESifh 'kwd,ydkif; a&;[efjcif;rwlcJUyg/ okawoDwdkU wyfvdkaom trnfudk
wyfygawmh/ uRefawmfum; taMumif;t&mtvdkuf udk,fhpdwftm&kHrSm cHpm;rdonfhtwdkif;
om a&;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ,ck wwd,ydkif;u b,fenf;b,fykHvmrnf? udk,fh[mudk,fyif
rodao;yg/
wwd,ydkif;
tcPf; (1)
0goem
vlwkdUwGif txdkuftavsmufawmh 0goem&Sdwwfay&m? olU0goemu aumif;onf jzpfap?
qdk;onfjzpfap? tusKd;tjypfu wjcm;? ol0goemyg&mudk oljyKrl&vQif olaysmf onfom
jzpfacs\/
0goem qdkonfrSmvnf; taMumif;rJUjzpfay:vmonfr[kwf/ rsKd;&dk;ESifh a'oywf
0ef;usifudk vdkufao;onf/ uRefawmfrSm aus;&GmwGif arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;cJU&NyD;? uRefawmfhrdb
rsm; ESpfzufrsKd;&dk;rS uRefawmfi,fpOfu eD;pyfcJU&olawG Munfhvdkufawmh zatbufu
Muuform;awG? ratbufu t&uform;awG jzpfaeyg\/ odkU&mwGif 'Drdbu arG;wdkif;
t&uform;? Muuform; jzpfua&mvm;qdkawmh 'DvdkvJ r[kwfao;acs/ uRefawmfwkdU
arG;csif;rsm;ü om;a,mufsm;av; ESpfa,muf&Sdonfhteuf uRefawmfhnDrSmrl MuufudkvkH;0
em;rvnfbJ t&ufudkyif wcgw&H taygif;toif;ESifh tqifoifhygrS tenf;tusOf;rQ
aomufwwfí uRefawmfrSmomvQif Muufa&m? t&ufa&m ESpfzuftarGudk tjynfht0
cH,lol jzpfaeyg\/
uRefawmfhOD;BuD; (uRefawmfhrdcif\tudk)onf &GmwGif,pfxkyfBuD;[k emrnf&vsuf
olUt&ufolcsuf? olUxef;yifolwufí aomufav&m uRefawmfrSm 10-ESpfom;ausmf
xef;yifay: wufEdkifuwnf;u OD;BuD; olUudk,folro,fEdkifaom rl;aomtcgrsm;ü
uRefawmfu xef;pvSD;jcif;? xef;a&csjcif;rsm;udk jyKcJU&ygonf/ xdkrS 14-5ESpfom; t&G,f
a&mufaomtcgü udk,fh[mudk,f xef;wyif oD;oefUwufí aomufygawmhonf/
wyifus wpa&qdkwmu 'DvdkrSbJ aomuf&w,fAs/
tJ'gu tarhbufutarG/ 'Dawmhtazh&JU nDtudkawmfrsm;uvJ 'Dwlav; cspfMu
avawmh olwkdUMuuf0dkif;&Sd&if uRefawmfhac:NyD; Muufudkifenf;vJ oifjyw,f/ olwkdUwkduf
MuufrsKd;aumif;awGvJ ay;arG;apw,fAs/ tJonfuwnf;u Muufwdkufwmudk uRefawmf
pGJcJUwm/ atmifr,fav; Muuf0dkif;rsm;&Sdr,fqdk&if &nf;pm;eJUcsdef;xm;wmawmif zsufypf
vdkufw,fAs/ bmaMumifhvJqdk&if 'D&nf;pm;u 'DaeUrawGU&vJ aemufaeUawG trsm;BuD;
&Sdao;wmbJ/ 'DMuufESpfaumifuawmh 'DwyGJbJ olwkdUcsif; cGyfwmjrif&r,f/
tJ'D[m uRefawmf t&uform;eJU Muuform; jzpfJcJUykHygbJcifAsm/ aqGrsKd; OD;BuD;
OD;av;awGvJ tjypfwifp&mrvdkygbl;/ 'DaumifADZudku ygvmvdkU qdk&r,faygh/
xdkUaMumifh t&uform; Muuform; uRefawmfonf OD;b&Sifuawmf ajymaom Muuform;
t&uform; zJorm;awGESifh p&dkufMurf;onf[k qdkonfh &Gmwef;&SnfodkU
a&mufoGm;aomtcg uGrf;oD;BudKUfawmifilydkU jzpfoGm;avownf;/
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfiSm;vdkufaom tdrfuav;rSm NcH0if;us,fus,fESifh ajcwH&Snf
jrifhjrifhuav;rdkU tdrfatmufrSm um&HNyD; NcHcwfum Muufrsm;? bJrsm;arG;awmh av\/
onfae&mrSm vifr,m;oabmxm;csif; pum;ajymavNyD/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh NrdKUol
Ak'¨bmom trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Muufom;? bJom;? bJOrsm;udk 0uf0ufuGJatmif pm;Mu
aomfvnf;? tdrfü MuufbJarG;jrLjcif;udkrl rESpfouf rvdkvm;/ olrsm; tdrfuarG;onfudk
yif pufqkyf[ef jywwfMuonf/ arum; þrdef;rpm;rsKdk;r[kwf/ olwkdUrdbrsm;onf
c&pf,ef bmom0ifrsm;jzpfí olwkdUtdrfrSm Muuf? bJ? acG;? aMumifavmufrQru
awmwd&pämef usm;? arsmuf ponfwkdUyg arG;jrLbl;í (aruRefawmfhudka&;ay;onfh
]wmwD;ESifhrJwl}0w¬KrSm olUtaz\ usm;ESifharsmuf taMumif;jzpfygonf/) aronf
wd&pämefudk cspfwwfol jzpfav&m? uRefawmfMuufbJrsm; arG;jrLaomtcgü ol0rf;omtm;
&jzpfvsuf ESpfoufvdkvm;pGm tpmrSefrSef auR;onf/ emrnfawGyif ay;vdkufao;onf/
uRefawmf yxrOD;qkH; 0,fvmaom MuufrESpfaumifudk rdprf;wJU r*sL;wJU cifAsm/ r*sL;
qdkwmu olUtr cifxm;&D\ tdrfom;csif; ac:onfhtrnf/ rdprf;u uefbJU q&m
twwfoifausmif;rSm olcJGcGmcJU&onfh cifpef;nGefUayghcifAsm/ olonf þausmif;rSm&SdpOf
uRefawmfwkdUtdrfodkU rMumcP vmwwfygonf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu ]ausmif;urdprf;
vmwkef;udktdrfu rdprf;csufauR;&atmifuGm}[k aemufygonf/ 'Dawmh&Srf;ru olUudk
wu,fcsufauR;rnfbJ atmufarhovm;rod ]atmifr,fav;...udkaqG&,f..? emrnfwl
csif; rsm;awmh rpm;ao;bl;}wJU/ aru olUtm; cspfcifaom txdrf;trSwfjzifh olUemrnf
,lrSnfhxm;onfh Muufudk rpm;&ufygbl;[k qdkvdkaMumif; uRefawmfem;vnfygonf/
aronf uRefawmfMuufwdkufwmudkvnf; ruefUuGuf? vl\0goemqdkonfudk
olem;vnfonf/ t&ufaomufwmum; arhtzdkUtqef;r[kwf? olUtazonf t&uf
orm;jzpfcJUí t&uform;\ p&dkufESifh tBudKufudkod&Sdum uRefawmfaomufrnfhtcsdefrSm
ykvif;zefcGufESifh jrnf;p&mtoifh/
uRefawmft&uf aomufpOfu (,ck pma&;csdefrSm jzwfxm;wmMumNyD/) tdrfrSm
t&ufrjywf &Sdap&atmif ol0,fxm;onf/ olUqE´u aomufjcif;aomuf tdrfrSmaomuf
rl;jcif;rl; tdrfrSmrl;? taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;vnf; tdrfudkac:cJUyg? uRefawmfhtdrfrSm
t&uform; jrnf;p&mvdkvQif csufcsif;aMumfí&aom a<urkefU? ig;rkefU? ajryJ? ig;pnf
azmif;? 0uftlacsmif;wkdU tNrJ&Sdonf/ oef;acgifausmfvmaom {nfhonfvnf; {nfh0wf
rysuf&yg/ xrif;[if; pm;csifao;oavm? uRefawmfhtdrfrSm MuufESifh bJESifh ,if;um;
uRefawmfydkí a&;aeonfr[kwf/ oef;acgifausmfrS vmavh&Sdaom txl;{nfhonf
uRefawmfwdkUrSm&Sdonf/ r,kHar;yg/ olum;aygif;wnfNrdKUrS ocifjrodef;/ vmygvdrfhrnf/
taygif;toif;awG vlrsKd;pkHeJU/ oef;acgiftdrfa&SUrS um;[Gef;oH wwDwDMum;&vQifjzifh ]uJ
ara&...x? udkjrodef;vmNyDa[h}
aronf rjiLplcJUay/
xdkUaMumifh t&uform;oli,fcsif;awG arhudkcifrifMuonf/
'Dae&mrSm um;ESifhbmESifh vmEdkifaomvlwef;pm;? aiGaMu;csrf;omwJU rdwfaqGawG rdkU
rif;rdef;ru *&kpdkufwmyg[k atmufarhcJUaomf pm&Iolrsm; rSm;ayvdrfhrnf/
wBudrfaomtcg uRefawmftdrfrSm r&Sdcdkuf uRefawmfwkdU&GmrS ausmrJGqif;&Jom; tppf
(]tvGeftvkyfrsm;ol}0w¬KZmwfaumifxm;í uRefawmfa&;cJUol) udkarmifcdka&muf vmonf/
uRefawmfnarSmifrS tdrfjyefa&mufawmh udkarmifcdk pm;yGJrSm xdkifum t&uf ykvif;ESifh
tjrnf;ESifh usepGm{nfh0wfjyKxm;onf/
]'DrSm armifa&...udkarmifcdk&,f xrif;qm&if pm;ESifhygqdkwm armifvmrSpm;r,fqdk NyD;
apmifhaew,f}[kqD;ajym\/
tdrfrSm 3-4&uf aeoGm;aom udkarmifcdku aemufawmh uRefawmfhudkajymjy\/
]ighvcGD;wJU NrdKUolawGxJrSm rif;rdef;rrsKd;awmh awGUbl;ao;ygbl;uGm}wJU/
udkarmifcdkonf uRefawmf\Zmwd&GmwGif uRefawmfESifh aomufazmfpm;bufjzpf aMumif;
aru odNyD;om;bJ/
pifppfaronf uRefawmf\ taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;udk qif;&Jcsrf;omrcGJay/
EGrf;yg;olrsm;udk tm;emrSm? tm;i,frSmpdk;í ydkíyif *&kpdkufao;\/
uJ...uRefawmf\0goemvnf; &Sdao;onf/ olU0goemum; acG;rsm; aMumifrsm;udk
cspfwwfí olUteD;wGif acG;aMumifr&SdvQif raewwf/
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwkdU &Gmwef;&Snf&GmrSm tdk;tdrfxlaxmifMuawmh
uRefawmf\0goemjzpfaom MuufbJwkdUum; tvum;r&/ aps;rS0,f,lum pwifarG;jrL
&onf/ arh0goemacG;aMumifwkdUum; t&if;wjym;rQ rukef&ay/ umwGef;0if;armifonf
acG;uav;waumif vrf;rSaumufvmí uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm ]&efBuD;atmif}jzpfvmykHudk
þ&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSmbJ uRefawmfa&;om;NyD;cJUygNyD/ aMumifum; uRefawmfwkdU þtdrfa&muf
NyD; rMumrD aMumiftxD;av;waumif (4-5vom;rQ) tvdktavsmuf aygufvmvsuf
rjyefawmhay/ xdkUaemuf 'DaMumifuav;ubJ olt&G,fa&mufawmh tjcm;uaMumifysKd
rav;waumif ac:vmNyD;? tdrfrSm aygufzGm;vdkufwm ,ckwdkif þrsKd;qufrjywfawmhay/
'DacG;awG aMumifawGtaMumif;vJ uRefawmf0w¬Krsm;a&;cJUygNyD/ anmif&moD? &efBuD;
atmif? tEkESifhtMurf;? a'gopdwf\ wzufpGef;ü 0w¬Krsm;jzpfyg\/
aronf aMumifawG acG;awGudk tvGefcspfwwfvsuf acG;awGudk &ufrSefrSefa&csKd;
oef;csay;\/ olUaMumifrsm;udk,fwGifvnf; oef;r&Sdap&/ aMumifawGoef;&Smay;&wmyif
olUtvkyfBuD;wck/ wcgw&Hü tdrfrSmaMumifawG ESpfq,ftpdwfrQ &Sdaeonfudkyif
olrnfrQ wd&pämefawGESifh ywfoufí pdwf&Snfygoenf;/ odEdkifygonf/
olUacG;ESifhaMumifawGuvnf; oefU&Sif;rSjzpfayrnf/ oltdrfay:rSm vnf;aumif;?
tdrfatmuf uGyfyspfrSmvnf;aumif;? wkH;vkH;vSJpmzwfaeaom tcgrsm;ü olUacG;awG
aMumifawGu olUudk,fay:rSm ar;wifvufwif&SdaeMuonf/ ol\acG;ESifhaMumifrsm;u
vnf; oifhjrwfMuyg\/ acG;&ifcGifxJrSm aMumifu 0iftdyf? acG;Adkufay: wufxdkifwJU
aMumifu xdkifvdkxdkif/
tdrfrSm aMumifaq;? acG;aq;awG uvnf; ([dk,cifvdkcsiforQ 0,f&wkef;u) toifh/
olUacG;awG aMumifawGrsm; wpkHwck temw&jzpfvmvQif r&GHUwwfr&Smwwf/
pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf jyKpkvdkufwmav/ 'gaMumifh olUacG;awGaMumifawGuvJ olUudkw,fNyD;
cspfMuw,fcifAs/ acG;awGomrubl;/ aMumifawGuvnf; emrnf toD;oD;ESifh/ ac:vQif
emrnf&Sifu ]ajrmif} ]ajrmif}ESifh jyefxl;wwf\/ acG;[m 'Dvdkrxl;wwfzl;/ vm&kHbJ
vmwwfonf/
aronf tdrfrvnfwwf/ tdrfrIudpöt00NyD;í tm;vsif olUacG;awGaMumifawG
oef;&Smay;aernf/ EdkUNyD; 'DaumifawGESifhtwl acGumpmzwfrnf/ jrefrmjynfxkwfpmtkyf
rsm;omru? t*Fvdyfpmayrsm;udkvnf; zwfojzifh olzwforQpmtkyfawGom 0,f&rnfqdk
ygu aiGaMu;enf;rnf r[kwf/ EdkUNyD; tdrfrSmvnf; xm;p&mae&m cufa&mhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh
NrdKUxJrSm t*FvdyfpmtkyfiSm;qdkifrsm;wGif yxrom 10-tkyfzdk;avmuf aiGoGif;xm;NyD;?
aemuf'DpmtkyfawG jyefay;aemufxyftopf,l? wtkyfwrwfom iSm;cay;&awmh\/
olonf ynm&Sdrsm;vdk pmtkyfra&G;/ awGUorQ tukefzwfonf/ pmtkyf0,fvQifw&uf?
BuD;vQifav;ig;ajcmuf&uf/ ]pmudk0g;pm;ypfovm;xif&onf}[k qdkEdkifavmufatmif
zwf\/ NyD;awmh uRefawmfhtm; ajymjyoifhonfh 0w¬Krsm;udk ajymjy\/
xdktcg uRefawmfu ][m..'gArmvdka&;vdkU &w,fuG? 'D[mjzifh rif;u yxr
tMurf;a&;uGm...aemufNyD;rS igu tacsmudkifr,f....}
,if;odkUjzifh aomfwmaqGESifh ar zufpyfxGufvmaom 0w¬Krsm;vnf; &SdcJUyg\/
tdrfaxmifa&;onf xDxdk;&onfESifh wlonf[k qdkpum;&Sd&m? uRefawmfonf
þZeD;ESifhusrS tdrfaxmifa&;xDaygufonf[k qdkygrnfwnf;/
tcPf; (2)
[ef;eD;rl;
uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m; nm;NyD;rS yxrOD;qkH; c&D;xGufjcif;um;.......
udkav;wkdUarmif;ruefqD/
'Dc&D;oGm;bdkU qwfaqmholu wifhw,f/
]a[h rif;wkdUvifr,m; [ef;eD;rl; xGufygvm;uG}
uRefawmfwdkU OD;b&SiftdrfrSajymif;cJUum &Gmwef;&SnfodkU a&mufaeNyDjzpfí.....
][m...vifr,m; nm;Nyd;pudk,fhtdrfudk,f ESpfa,mufxJaewm taumif;qkH;ygAsm? b,frS
roGm;csifygbl;..? cifAsm;wdkUu bmpdwful;rsm; &vmvdkUvJ}
'dkU 'DoBuFefrSm armif;ruef oGm;r,fvdkUuG? rif;wkdUvdkufygvm;....
jrefrmjynfrSm emrnfBuD;vSaom armif;ruefqdkawmh uRefawmfra&mufzl;ao;í..
]tif;...aumif;awmhaumif;om;bJ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkUrSmu c&D;oGm;avmuf atmif
aiGaMu;r&Sdbl;As}
{NyDvjzpfí uRefawmfwkdU OD;b&SiftdrfrS ajymif;cJUum tdk;opftdrfopf wnfaxmif onfu
ESpfvrQ &Sdao;onf/ tdk;cGufyef;uefrsm; 0,f&onf/ zsmrsm;? oifjzL;rsm; 0,f&yg onf/
tdrfaxmify&dabm* r0,fEdkifao;/ pma&;bdkUpm;yGJukvm;xdkifrSm &Ir0wGif xm;onfh
wifhw,f\ta[mif;udk pGefUBuJayí? þpmyGJukvm;xdkifum; trSwfw&yif/ ,ck
þpma&;aeonfrSmvnf; 'DpmyGJukvm;xdkifygbJ/ olUpmyGJonf rlvutwdkif;yif
tHqGJESpfck&SdonfteufrS vuf0JbuftHqGJonf rdk;&moDrSm zGifh&ydwf& tvGefcuf\/
ukvm;xdkifum; rlvBudrftcif; aygufoGm;ojzifh okH;xyfom;tpm;cif;xm;&\/ ck'DokH;
xyfom;u tvTmuGmaví tptezGmojzifh ul&SifcHxdkif&ygonf/
uRefawmfESifharnm;&onfrSm bmrQBudKwif jyifqifrIr&Sd/ xdkaeUNrdKUxJrSm csdef;awGU MuNyD;
(armifa&U....ausmif;rSmaevdkUrjzpfawmhbl;? eufzefvmac:awmh) qdkaomtcg uRefawmfhrSm
tojymjywfjyefNyDudk odojzifharu wusyfom;ausmfausmf&Sdaom olUeef;vdrf qGJBudK;udk
ay;vdkuf\/ þqGJBudK;udk reufrSm uRefawmfuaiGjzpfatmif vkyfzdkUyif/ odkU&mwGif
t&ufrl;rl;ESifh &SyftuÐsxnfhtdyf&m? eHeufrdk;aomufawmh r&Sdawmhacs/
uRefawmftdyfaysmfvQif aemfrmu tdwfxJEIdufavh&Sdonfhtwdkif;? olbJ,lrSmbJ[k
uRefawmftwyfpGJ\/ odkU&mwGif olUrdcifvufxJa&mufoGm;NyD;ESifh wlonf/ xdkpOfuvnf;
jiif;? aemifvJjiif;\/ uRefawmfbmrQrwwfEdkifawmh (wenf;tm;jzifhawmhvJ aumif;om;
bJ? aemfrmESifh uRefawmfnm;aepOf a&Twjym;om;rS vkyfray;EdkifcJU/ aemufqkH;cGJcGm&awmh
rSbJ a&Twusyfom;avmuf vufzGJUcJUonfESifh rwlbl;vm;uG,f&dkU...)
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm aiGa&;aMu;a&; jyóem&SdvQif ajz&Sif;avh&Sdaom emeDqD u aiG
50d-udk aemufqkH;awmif;jcif;jzifh udkausmfjrum;ESifh arhtm; OD;b&SiftdrfodkU ac:vmcJUjcif;
jzpfygawmh\/
xdkUtjyif uRefawmfrSm xdkaeUreufu t0wfwxnf udk,fwckESifhvpfvmcJU&jcif;
jzpfaomaMumifh t0wftpm;rsm;vnf; 0,f&ao;\/ odkUtwGuf þ&ufrsm;twGif;rSm
&Ir0u BudKwif,laiGrsm;jzifh bdkifusaeaMumif; ajymawmh apwemxufoefaeaom
udkwifhw,fu..
]c&D;p&dwfavmufzJuGm? [dkrSm pm;wmaewm ighwm0efcHr,fuGm...}
]tJ'D c&D;p&dwfudk usKyfwdkUrSmr&Sdbl;}
]uJ 'gjzifh rif;wkdUudk igaiG 200d acs;r,fuGm...}
]at;...acs;w,fqdkNyD; jyefawmif;bdkUawmh pdwfrul;eJU? uRefawmfwdkU&SdwJUtcg
ay;csifay;r,f? ray;csifvJray;bl;? tJ'gudk ,kH&ifacs;...}
]at;...rif;udk igem;vnfygw,f armifaqG&m...}
,if;odkUjzifh wifhw,fESifh uRefawmfaiGacs;pmcsKyfxnfh oGm;NyD;aemuf ]armif;ruef rSm
&moDOwkb,fvdkaeovJ? 'DrSmvdk rylbl; r[kwfvm;...}
]b,fylrvJuGm...? yifv,furf;bJ? tyltat;rQNyD; tifrwefaevdkUxdkifvdkU aumif;w,f?
b,fwdkif;jynfrSmrqkd aEG&moDrSm yifv,furf;ajcoGm;MuwmbJ? igt*Fvef rSm
aewkef;u'DvdkbJ...}
olbdvyfu jyefvmonfrSm wESpfrQ&Sdao;onf/
]tif;...cifAsm;BuD;u t*Fvdyftusifh ygvmwmudk; tqifoifhygbJcifAsm...? uRefawmfhrdef;r
uarÁmZoluvJ jrefrmjynf aEG&moDraebl;ao;awmh ylvSavmifvScsnf &JU nnf;aewmeJU
tqifoifhygbJ...}
,if;odkUjzifh uRefawmfwkdU armif;ruefodkU c&D;oGm;jzpfMuavonf/
uRefawmfwkdUESifh tjcm;tazmfrsm;ygao;\/ *kPf0if;ESifh olUoli,fcsif; udkwifaxG;?
wifhw,fnD armifMunf? pkpkaygif; uRefawmfwkdU 6-a,mufjzpfMu\/
xdkpOfu rwef;rnfaom w&kwfoabFmonf &efukefNrdKUudk 0ifxGufvsuf&Sday&m? pifppf
[efeDrl;qdkaom t*Fvdyfpum;twdkif; t*Fvdyfqefqef r*Fvmc&D;xGufMurnf qdkvQif
oD;oD;oefUoefU tcef;ESifh txufwef;uqdkvQif? aumif;avrnf/ ,ckawmh
uRefawmfwkdUrSm zGwfMum;bJ? ukef;ywfuvdkuf&avawmh b,fESdyfrSmvJAsm.../
oabFmxGufpawmh aysmfovdk&Sdom;As/ oabFmoHvufwef; udkifNyD;awmh a&jyifeJU
a0[ifudkMunfhcJUw,f/ oabFmeJUtwlygvmwJU pifa&mfawGudk tpmauR;cJUw,f/
]armif&,f olwkdUu aygifrkHUpav;awGudk okwfokwfoGm;vdkufMuwm edyfayhuGm...? 'geJU
ajymprf;ygtkH; armif&,f? olwkdUu 'DoabFmeJU vdkufvmMuwm arwdkUvdkrkHUauR;wJU
vlawGqDu rkHUpm;&atmif vdkufvmMuwmvm;...}
aronf &Srf;jynfawmifay:ol oabFmudk þtBudrf yxrpD;bl;jcif;jzpfonf/
]rl&if;uawmh 'Dvdk[kwfykHray:bl;...ar&JU? vlawGu tusifhvkyfauR;avh&SdvdkUom olwkdUu
rkHUpm;&rSef; odaewmjzpfvdrfhr,f? olwkdUoabFmeJUvdkufvmwJU obm0uawmh...
ar..a[m[dkrSmMunfhprf;...? oabFmaemufu a&*,ufxJrSm pifa&mfawG vIdif;pD;aeMu
w,f..jrifvm;}
][kwfw,f...[kwfw,f...}
]tJ'g olwdkUig;udkMunfhaeMuwm...? oabFmuckwfoGm;wJU a&*,ufxJrSm ig;u
ay:vmwwfw,f? tJonftay:vdkufrSm olwkdUu zrf;pm;MuwmbJ}
][kwfw,f...[kwfw,f armif...? [dkpifa&mfwaumif ig;waumif&oGm;wm arjrif
vdkuf&w,f}
]'g olwkdUobm0 tpm&Smenf;aygh...}
]armif...olwkdUu ig;tpdrf;vJpm;w,f? vlawGauR;wJU aygifrkUHvJ pm;w,f}
]udwfrkHUauR;vJ pm;rSmayghuG}
]a[m....armifa&....Munfhprf;...? a&ta&mifu wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd;ajymif;vmvdkufwm
jrpfxJwkef;u tjzL&,f....? tck yifv,f0a&mufNyDrdkUxifyg&JU? a&updrf;NyD;arSmifaewmbJ?
ausmufpdrf;jyifBuD;ygvm;...armif&,f}
yifv,ful;oabFm rpD;bl;ao;olwkdUtzdkU þodkUa&pdrf; arSmifvmNyDqdk&ifawmh
owdxm;aya&mh/ rMumrD yifv,fvIdif;ESifh awGUum uRefawmfwdkUrl;ygavNyD/ rl;&kHru
tefNyD; uRefawmfwkdUonf rwfwwfikwfwkyf raeEdkifawmhbJ? wysKdUysKdUwteftefESifh tdyf&m
xJ acGMu&yga&m.../
atmifr,fav;...udkwifhw,fa&...cifAsm;ajymwJU [ef;eD;rl;[m uRefawmfwkdUtzdkU tefNyD;rl;
jzpfyga&mvm;../
,if;um; yifv,fc&D;oGm;aeus r[kwfolwdkif; yifv,fxJa&mufprSm yifv,fu
EIwfqufvdkufjcif;yif/
uRefawmfwdkU xdkwn vIdif;rl;rl;ESifhbJ tdyfaysmfoGm;MuNyD; aemufwaeU reufvif; awmh
trl;rsm;ajyoGm;Muí aeomxdkifom&SdoGm;MuavNyD/ yifv,fvIdif;rxawmhí r[kwf/
oabFm\vIyf&Sm;jcif;udk vlu ],Of}oGm;aomaMumifhwnf;/
þyifv,ful;oabFmBuD; rwef;onf xm;0,fqdyfurf;udk uyfírqdkufEdkifay.../
armfawmfwpif;u vmBudKí uRefawmfwkdU ajymif;pD;Mu&onf/
xdkpOfu xm;0,fNrdKU uRefawmfwkdUrdwfaqGrSm ygvDreftrwf Akdvfae0if;jzpfí olu
toifhBudKaeygonf/ Adkvfae0if;tdrfrSm w&ufavmufaeNyD;rS uRefawmfwkdU armif;ruef
odkUoGm;Muygonf/
AdkvfwJeHygwf (1)
uRefawmfwkdUonf AdkvfwJeHywf(1)wGif wnf;Muygonf/ þAdkvfwJwpfeHywfjzpf& onfrSm
jrefrmjynfwGif t*Fvdyfrsm;vufxufuyif yxrOD;qkH; zefwD;cJUaom þarmif;
ruefyifv,furf;ajc tyef;ajz&dyfomrSm yxrOD;qkH; aqmufaom AdkvfwJrdkU jzpfygvdrfh
rnf/ 'gaMumifhvJ a[mif;ayhAsm/ vlwufaeí jzpf&kHom&Sdawmhonf/ trdk;rsm;rvkHawmh?
Murf;rsm;uvnf; usKd;onfhae&m usKd;aeNyD; tedrfhtjrifhrnDawmhyg/ aemufaz;aqmifrSm
rdk;a&avQm apmif;ae\/ ajcwH&Snf&SnfjrifhjrifhBuD;ESifh BuD;awmhBuD;yg\/
xm;0,frSxGufcJUpOf ]cifAsm;wdkUawmh AdkvfwJeHywfwpf&wmbJAsKdU}[k Adkvfae0if;u
ajymavawmh? tif;...wpfqdkwm yxrwef;bJ[k atmufarhaewm/ uRefawmfwkdUrSm
0rf;omrdMuao;onf/ 'Da&mufrS aomufwvGJbJ/ taygufruRHatmif owdxm;eif;&
ao;onf/ vrf;avQmufawmh usKd;usKd;usdusdvnf; jrnfavao;/
NcH0if;BuD;uawmh us,fygbdonf/ {u0ufavmuf&Sdrnfxifonf/ t0if0u
xif;&l;yifBuD;ESpfyifESifh/ 'Dxif;&lyifvJ 'DAdkvfwJaqmufwkef;u pdkufwmxifyg&JU/
xif;&l;yif qdkwmu touftdkav EkysKdavudk;/ yifv,favudk&SLum pdrf;pdkygbd/
pifppfawmh...armif;ruefonf '*kefcifcifav;ESifh OD;tkef;cifwkdU acwfxpOfu
pwifcJUaom iyvDavmuf rom,m? rvSracs/ vlaevnf;usJ\/ aps;vnf;a0;\/
þyifv,furf;om,mrSm armif;ruef&GmESifh awmfawmfav; tvSrf;uGm\/ aps;0,f&efu
armif;ruef&Gmu aps;odkUoGm;&\/ uRefawmfwkdUtm; Adkvfae0if;u *spfum;wpD;ay;xm;í
awmfao;oaygh/
aps;0,fxrif;csufuawmh uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;ayghcifAsm/ wifhw,fu ]rif;wkdU
vifr,m;? ig 'gaMumifhac:cJUwmayghuG}wJU? olu arxrif;[if; tcsufaumif;aMumif;
udk uRefawmfwkdU OD;b&Siftdrfaewkef; olrMumcP vmvnfpOfuyif odaeygonf/
xdkpOfu armif;ruefonf ,ckiyvDvdk vlpnfjcif;vnf;r&Sdyg/ AdkvfwJwdkif; vl&SdMu onf
r[kwfrlí wdwfqdwfajcmufuyfvS\/ AdkvfwJwckausmfrS uRefawmfwkdUtm;
rdwfqufvmaom ta&;ydkif OD;wifOD;wa,mufom uRefawmfwkdUrdwfaqG&\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUa&mufNyD; rMumrDü þarmif;ruefurf;ajcrSm vlawG tkH;tkH;
uRufuRuf pnfum;vmav\/ aomifjyifwGif r@yfxdk;Mu\/ NrdKUay:u vlawGvmMu?
oGm;Mu\/ wD;rIwfoHawG bmawGMum;&\/
taMumif;aomfum;? xdkpOfu xm;0,fom; OD;AaqGonf 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfaeí?
olUtzGJUom;rsm;ESifh ar,koabFmBuD; pif;vkH;pD;um a&TNrdKUawmfodkU jyefvmjcif;jzpfayonf/
ar,koabFmum; qdyfurf;odkU uyfvmEdkifonfr[kwf? yifv,fxJ cyfa0;a0;wae&mrSm
ausmufcsxm;onf/ OD;AaqGtzGJUom;rsm;u armfawmfrsm;ESifh urf;ajcodkU ul;oef;Mu
onf/ onfu xm;0,fom;rsm;u r@yfxkd;í qd;BudK{nfhcHMuonf/ xrif;pm;yJGBuD;rsm;
usif;yonf/
þae&mü uRefawmfonf xdktcsdefu acwfaumif;cJUMuaom OD;AaqGESifh
wifhw,ftaMumif; jyefpOf;pm;rdonf/
EdkifiHa&;orm;ESifh pma&;q&m
OD;AaqGonf uRefawmfhtm; aiGig;axmifay;cJUbl;ygonf/ odkUaomf...oludk,fwdkif uawmh
rodyg/ uRefawmfuvnf; þaiGig;axmifudkr,lcJUygacs/ okdU&mwGifaiGig;axmif
ruwefaom ]EdkifiHa&;tod}wckudk uRefawmf&cJUygonf/
wifhw,f t*Fvefu jyefa&mufcgp/
1953-ck? aqmif;OD;aygufavmufu jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdefrSm OD;AaqGonf EdkifiHjcm;
owif;pmrsm;u (o&zl;aqmif;aom rif;om;)[k csD;MuL;a&;om;&avmufatmif
jrefrmjynfrSm bkef;rD;aevawmufyaeaom umv/
waeUaom eHeufcif;BuD;rSm qD;ESif;awGa0aewkef; uRefawmfonf OD;AaqG\ [krf;vrf;
tdrfBuD;a&SUodkU a&mufcJUygonf/ xdktcgrSm olu umuG,fa&;0efBuD;ubJ? b,fol
tdrfxJ0ifcsifwdkif; 0if&rwkef;? taygufapmifh&JabmfawGqDudk uRefawmfhemrnfESifh
udpöa&;ay;&ygonf/ awGUcsifvdkUqdk&kHESifhr&yg/
onfawmh uRefawmfhudpöu a&;jybdkUcufaeonf/ cufrSmaygh? uRefawmfudk,fwdkif
udpövnf;r[kwf/ wifhw,f&JUr,m;yl'ku©udkcifAs/ olbdvyfrSmaewkef;u oGm;av&m
tdrfaxmifus&ygap&JUvdkqdkwJU oem;p&m usdefpmoifhcJU&SmwJU q&mwifhw,f[m [dkrSm
rdef;rwa,muf &cJUw,fcifAs/ q&mwifhw,f&JU wcsKdU0w¬KawGrSm *sKH;eD*sKH;eDeJU w*sD*sDatmf
cJUwmudk ,cifu &Ir0y&dowfrsm; zwfzl;cJUMuvdrfhr,f? vef'efrSmol&cJUwJU rdef;remrnf
u *sKH wJUcifAsm/ q&mwifhw,f jrefrmjynfjyefa&mufawmh&if olu 'D]*sKH}udk ]qef}vkyfcsif
w,f? t"dyÜm,fu t*FvefuaeNyD; jrefrmjynfudk ac:csifw,fAsm/ t*Fvefuawmh
jynfyxGufcGifh ]ywfpfbkwf}ay;bdkU tqifoifhygbJwJU? jrefrmjynfrSmbJ aexdkifcGifhtrdefU
]ADZm}&bdkU vdkaew,f? q&mwifhw,f[m bdvyfolrudk jrefrmjynfac:bdkU BudK;pm;&Sm
w,f/
onftcsdefrSm OD;AaqGu wefcdk;tmPmBuD;wJU 0efBuD;jzpfaeawmh q&mwifhw,f u
uRefawmfhudk ]a[h..armifaqG rif;OD;AaqGeJU awmfawmf&if;ESD;ovm;}vdkU ar;ygw,f/
onfae&mrSm OD;AaqGESifh uRefawmfoduRrf;&ykHudk ajym&ygr,f? tckuG,fvGefoGm;NyD jzpfwJU
rif;&Sifaemifu atmifoG,fyg/ rif;&Sifaemif[m EdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh OD;AaqGESifh
tvGef&if;ESD;olyg/
waeU rif;&SifaemifESifhuRefawmf AdkvfcsKyfaps;a&SU jzwftavQmufrSm AdkvfcsKyfvrf; uaeNyD;
r*dkvrf;xJ csKd;0ifoGm;wJU um;wpD;MunfhNyD;awmh rif;&Sifaemif...
]a[h....0efBuD;awGuG? b,foGm;rvJ rodbl;? [m...cspfwD;xrif;qdkifa&SU&yfw,f?
xrif;pm;rvdkUeJUwlw,f? vma[h armifaqG? 'dkUvJ0ifwkwf&atmif}qdkawmh uRefawmfu..
][..0efBuD;awGu 'dkUxrif;rauR;wJUtjyif &dkufxkwfaeygtkH;r,f rvkyfygeJU ig0efBuD;
&dkufwmawmh rcHcsifygbl;uGm}
]vmyguG? igeJU &if;ESD;ygw,f}
]a[hat...rif;eJU &if;ESD;rif;bJoGm;uGm? igeJUrSrodwmBuD;}
][...rif;eJU vlcsif;rodayr,fh rif;pmawGzwfNyD; olwkdUu rif;udkodaeMuygw,fuG}
][...0efBuD;awGu ighpmawG zwfrvm;uG}
]zwfw,fq&m? OD;AaqGuqdk&if rif;0w¬KawG tm;BuD;zwfwmaygh? olu rif;[mo
0w¬KawGudk BudKufw,fuG? ighudkawmif aomfwmaqG waeUolUtdrfac:cJUprf;ygvdkU ajymbl;
w,f? vmyguG? rif;pdwf igodygw,f? rif;odu©mi,f&r,fh[mrsKd; igb,fawmhrSrvkyfyg
bl;}
'gESifh uRefawmfwkdUcspfwD;xrif;qdkifxJ a&mufoGm;NyD; 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh rdwfquf&yg onf/
OD;AaqG? AkdvfrSL;atmif? AdkvfvSat;wdkUokH;a,mufjzpfygonf/
rif;&SifaemifajymwmrSefygonf/ OD;AaqGu uRefawmfh0w¬KawG rjywfzwfavh &SdaMumif;ESifh
rnfonfh0w¬Kwkef;u olwkdUzqyv0efBuD;awGudk oa&mfonf? uavmfonf [kvJ
ajymjyygonf/
OD;AaqGESifhuRefawmf 'kwd,tBudrf xyfrH&if;ESD;&jyefonfrSm px&if;a[mfw,f? qdkAD,uf
atmufwdkbm awmfvSefa&;aeU tcrf;tem;wGifjzpfygonf/ &k&Sm;oH&kH;rS
zdwfMum;jcif;cH&ojzifh onfa[mfw,frsKd; ra&mufpzl;? taomufxl;aeMuaom (0DpuD
awGudk cifAs) uRefawmfwdkU pma&;q&mawGrSmawmfawmf axGaeMuygonf/ onftcsdefrSm
OD;AaqGu EdkifiHjcm; oHwrefBuD;rsm;ESifh ajymqdkaeMuygonf/
,if;udk q&mBuD;r[maqGu uRefawmfhtm;...
]a[h...armifaqG? AaqGudkoGm;NyD; qGJac:cJUprf;uGm? 'Daumifu EdkifiHjcm;om;awGudk rS
vlxifovm; 'dkUpma&;q&mawGudk vmNyD;EIwfqufazmfr&bl;}vdkU rl;oHBuD;ESifhajymav
awmh? uRefawmfuvJ 'Dae&m 'DudpörsKd;rSm rrl;ao;&ifawmh ,kefoli,f rl;NyDqdk&ifawmh
usm;bJ/
'geJU usm;BuD;AaqGudk uRefawmfoGm;qGJawmh? oluRefawmfeJU uefUvefUuefUvefU
ygvmNyD;...
]a[h...aomfwmaqG bmvJuG}
]cifAsm;u uRefawmfwkdUeJUvmNyD; pum;pjrnfajymygtkH;Asm}
]a[...rif;u igh..bmajymp&m&SdvdkUvJuGm}
]&SdwmayghAs}
]'gjzifh aemufrSajymuGm}
]tmaemufrSqdk&if cifAsm;udk b,frSmawGUEdkifvdkUwkef;? cifAsm;vdk 0efBuD;wa,muf udk
uRefawmfwkdUvdk vlawGUbdkUu t&darwå,styGifhrSm zl;&bdkUavmuf cufaewm}
]a[h aomfwmaqG? 'DvdkrajymeJUuGm? rif;ighudkawGUcsif&if tcsdefra&G;? ighqDudkvmcJU yg?
reufeJU aeUcif;ydkif;rSm ightdrf? nae 4-em&Dausmf&if jynfaxmifpkuvyfuGm}
uRefawmfu olUvufqGJvsufbJ &Sdaeao;í..
][kwfvm; vTwfuGm igutckrif;wkdUvdk taysmfaomuftrl;aomufaomufae&wm
r[kwfzl;uG? EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefawGeJU pum;ajymae&wmu EdkifiHwm0ef xrf;aqmifae&wm
bJuG}
,if;rS olajymwm [kwfygvm;[k rdrdtjyKtrl trSm;udkod&Sdum OD;AaqGvufudk uRefawmf
vTwfvdkuf&ygawmh\/
xdkUaMumifh xdkaeUreufrSm OD;AaqGudkawGU&bdkUtwGuf....
]]OD;AaqGcifAsm...}}
]rif;ighudkawGUcsif&if tcsdefra&G;vmcJUyg}qdkpum;t& uRefawmf ,ckudpöwck twGuf
vmcJUygonf
aomfwmaqG
uRefawmf þodkUa&;NyD;? &Jabmfudkay;vdkufygonf/ rMumrDxdk&Jabmf jyefvmNyD;
uRefawmfhudk OD;AaqG\tdrfBuD;ay:odkU ac:oGm;ygonf/
tvm;...vm;...{nfhcef;rSm uRefawmfhvdkbJ OD;AaqGudk xdkifapmifhaewJUvlawG
trsm;BuD;ygvm;/ jrefrmrsm;omru EdkifiHjcm;om; rsufESmjzLrsufESm0grsufESmrJawGyg&JU-
uRefawmfa&mufNyD; rMumrDbJ OD;AaqG[m uRefawmfausmcdkif;xdkifaewJU tcef;xJ
vmw,f? tcef;xJu vlawGrsufpda0hMunfhvdkufNyD; uRefawmfhjrifawmh uRefawmfhqD
a&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfhyckH;ykwfum...
]a[h...rif;eJUigawmh at;at;aq;aq;ayghuGm} ajymNyD; acgif;&if;cef;xJ 0ifoGm; um
olUvmapmifhaewJU {nfhonfawGudk wa,mufpDac:awGUygonf/
5-rdepfavmufeJU udpöNyD;wJUvl 15-rdepfu em&D0ufausmfausmf MumwJUvlawG &Sdygonf/
aemufqkH; uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; uRefawmfh10em&DausmfaeygNyD/ uRefwmfhudk awmh
olUtcef;xJrac:ygbl;? uRefawmfxdkifaewJU qdkzm&Snfay:rSm olvmxdkifNyD; ab;csif;
,SOfvsuf...
]udkif;..rif;udpöu bmwkef;uG}
uRefawmfu wifhw,fjyóemudk wifjyvdkufawmh olu cyfat;at;yif pwifí..
]atmf...ADZm&bdkUvm;...'g igvkyfay;Edkifygw,fuG}
onfpum;Mum;&awmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm atmifr,fav; aomfwmaqGwkdU uHxawmh
aiGig;axmif&vdkU w,fvG,fygvm;[JU aemfvdkU pdwfuusL;&ifhvdkufrdw,fAs/
bmaMumifhvJqdk wifhw,fu olUrdef;rjrefrmjynf vmaecGifhADZm&atmifom vkyfay;Edkif&ef
uRefawmfhudk csufcsif;vufiif; aiG 5000d ay;r,fvdkU qdkpum;&Sdoudk;/ tJonftcsdefrSm
wifhw,f[m bdvyfu jyefvmwm rMumao;/ olU0w¬KawG[m tifrwef a&mif;vkdU
aumif;w,f/ olUemrnf[mvJ xdyfqkH;rSmaewkef;/ &kyf&SifZmwfñGef;awGuvJ axmif
aomif;csDNyD; &aecdkuf? oluRefawmfhudk wu,fbJ aiGig;axmifay;Edkifygw,f/ olay;vJ
ay;rSmygbJ/ tu,fí uRefawmfu aps;udkifawmif waomif;&Edkifygw,f/
[D...[D..aomfwmaqGwkdU yGNyD...yGNyD...}
odkUaomf OD;AaqG\pum;u rqkH;ao;yg/ olxm;0,foH0J0JBuD;ESifh av;av;rSefrSef qufí
vmykHum;...
]'gayr,fh wifhw,frdef;rADZm ay;oifhray;oifhudk rif;eJUigeJU aqG;aEG;MutkH;pdkUuGm? rif;u
pma&;q&m igu EdkifiHa&;orm;? 'Dawmh 'dkUESpfa,mufpvkH;rSm wdkif;jynftwGuf
pOf;pm;bdkU&Sdw,fuG}[k qdkNyD; olacwåpum;jzwfxm;í uRefawmfu em;ayaxmifaepOf..
]a[h...'DrSm...aomfwmaqG.. bdvyfom;awG ArmjynfrSmaeNyD; Armrdef;rawG
r,lMubl;vm;uG}
][m...,lMuwmayghAsm}
]at;...EdkUNyD;? olwkdU bdvyfjyefawmh Armrdef;rawG ac:oGm;Muovm;uG}
uRefawmf...rsufvkH;uav; aMumifwufwufESifh EIwfqGHUoGm;avNyD/ OD;AaqGu
qufajym\/
]EdkUNyD;..w&kwf ukvm;awGaumuGm? Armrdef;rawG ,lMuwmbJ r[kwfvm;uG?
'gayr,fh...olwkdU jynfBuD;jyefawmh&if Armjynfu r,m;awG om;orDF;awG ac:oGm;Mu
w,fvdkU Mum;bl;ovm;}
][ifhtif;}
uRefawmf acgif;cg&ygawmhonf/
]tJ'g...olwdkUr,m;awG..om;orD;awG rcspfvdkU vdkUrif;qdkEdkifrvm;}
][m...b,f qdkEdkifrvJAsm? vlrSef&if udk,fhom;r,m; udk,fh&ifaoG;udk cspfMuwm csnf;aygh}
]'gayr,fh...olwdkUbmaMumifh olwkdUwdkif;jynfudk ac:roGm;MuovJ rif;odvm;}
uRefawmfu acgif;cgvdkufawmh...
]tJ'g EdkifiHa&;bJuG? 'DrSmaomfwmaqG? 'dkUwdkif;jynf[m uRefoaygufb0 a&mufcJU &vdkU
vlrsKd;jcm;awG 0ifcsifovdk0if xGufcsifovdkxGuf aecsifovdkaecJUMuwmudk 'dkUcHcJU&
wmMumNyD? tck 'dkUvGwfvyfa&;&NyDrdkU 'DudpöawGudk 'dkUtzwfq,f&r,f}
olacwåpum;em;\/ NyD;rS uRefawmfhaphaphMunfhí..
]'DrSm aomfwmaqG? vlrsKd;jcm;awG 'dkUwdkif;jynfa&mufvmw,fqdk&if 'dkUvlrsKd;awG&JU
vkyfpmawGudk pm;NyD; 'dkUwdkif;jynf&JU ae&maumif;aumif;awGrSm aeMuwmuG? olwkdUtqifh
twef;u 'dkUvlrsKd;xufrsm;awmif jrifhaevdkufMuao;w,f tJ'gawG awG;NyD;awmhrsm;
rif;toJrembl;vm; aomfwmaqG&,f}
]tck rif;oli,fcsif; wifhw,fac:vmcsifw,f qdkwmu bdvyfol rsufESmjzL r[kwfvm;?
olu Armjynf a&mufawmh&if b,ftqifhtwef;rSm aervJuG? Adkvfru Adkvfvdk0wfNyD;
Adkvfvdkaer,f r[kwfvm;uG? 'Dae&mrSm olUr,m;olxm;wmbJ? wifhw,f&JU
vkyfpmvdkUrwGuf&bl;? ol b,fenf;eJU&&? 'dkUwdkif;jynf&JUypönf;vdkU,lq&r,f? em;vnf&JU
vm; aomfwmaqG..}
][kwfuJUcifAs...}
]EdkUNyD;awmh tJ'Dbdvyfol Adkvfru 'dkUwdkif;jynfrSmaeNyD;awmh olUwa,mufxJeJU
rNyD;ao;bl; cav;awG arG;tkH;r,fuG? rsufESmjzLujym; uuwpfuav;awG? aemufolwkdU
uwqifh wqifh EdkifiHjcm;om; tquftEG,fawG b,favmufyGm;rsm;vmtkH;rvJ? rif;pOf;
pm;Munfhprf;uGm/
]a[h...'DrSm aomfwmaqG? 'dkUwdkif;jynf[m 'dkUwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;awG twGufom
jzpf&r,fuG? 'g[m urÇmay:rSm&SdwJU vGwfvyfwJU wdkif;jynfawG&JU oabmxm;bJ? tck
Munfhprf; bdvyfom;eJU w&kwfukvm;vlrsKd;awG 'dkUArmrawG,lNyD; ujym;awG arG;zGm;Mu?
aemufolwkdUwdkif;jynftpdk;&uvJ olwkdUjynfu ypönf;vmpm;r,fh yg;pyfaygufawGudk
ac:vmcGifhray;bl;uG? olwkdUuom olrsm;jyupm;r,f? olrsm;jynfu ,lr,f}
]a[h..'DrSm aomfwmaqG? olwdkUvlrsKd;jcm;awGu 'dkUwdkif;jynfrSm olwkdUaoG;eJUayguf
zGm;cJUMuwJU om;orD;awGawmif ypfxm;cJUMuao;wm? rif;oli,fcsif; wifhw,fu
ArmjynfvmNyD; om;aygufr,fh rsufESmjzLrudk ac:oihfygovm;? rif;pOf;pm;yguGm..? rif;
pma&;q&myg? igu EdkifiHa&;orm;bJ? rif;u oifhavsmfw,fqdk&if tck csufcsif;bJ tJ'D
ADZmay;bdkU igw,fvDzkH; qufajymvdkufr,f? rif;qE´udk igrjiif;ygbl;?
uJ...rif;oli,fcsif; jyóem rif;bJ qkH;jzwfaya&mh? ig...aemufxyf bmwcGef;rS
rajymawmhbl;}
onfae&mrSm uRefawmfh&JU &ifxJu wkefvmw,f? EIwfcrf;uawmh ,JU,JUNyKH;vdkU/
rsufvkH;rSmawmh rsuf&nfawG....a0hvmw,f/
uRefawmfoufjyif;BuD;udk csvdkufNyD; ab;csif;,SOfxdkifaewJU OD;AaqG&JUvufudk
vSrf;udkifum ]uRefawmfem;vnfygNyDAsm}vdkU ajymvdkufw,f/
onfawmh OD;AaqGu tifrwef0rf;ajrmufwJU rsufESmBuD;eJU....
]'gjzifh rif;auseyfNyDayghaemf}
][kwfuJU}
]'gjzifh rif;ightdrfrSm xrif;pm;oGm;uGm}[kqdkNyD; olUtdrfom;rsm;tm; ]a[h..'dkU..
xrif;pm;r,fuG}[k vSrf;ajymvdkufav\/
xdkUaMumifh wifhw,fvnf; bdvyfu *sKH;udk rac:jzpf/ uRefawmfvnf; olUqDu aiG
ig;axmif r&/
þtaMumif;udk uRefawmfonf a&Twl*sme,f xkwfaepOfu OD;AaqGonf ]awmfvSefa&;\
jrKyfuGuf&IyfuGufrsm; acgif;pOfjzifh olUb0udk,fawGUEdkifiHa&;rsm;udk tywf
pOfa&;aeonfESifh cspfaqGaemifBuD;tm; trSwfw&[k (1-5-71)aeUxkwf a&Twl*sme,f
wGif uRefawmfa&;om;azmfjycJU\/
,if;a&Twl*sme,frSm a&;pOfu tpwGif...
][JUvdk....OD;AaqG}
EdkifiHa&;e,fy,frS 0efBuD;csKyftxd jzpfcJUbl;aom OD;AaqGu uRefawmfwkdU pmaye,fodkU
uavmifudkifí 0ifvmojzifh uRefawmfu vufurf; BudKqdk&ygonf/
pifppfawmh OD;AaqGwa,mufudkomr[kwf? ,ck 2-ESpftwGif;rSm tvQKdvQKday: vmaom
*sme,frsm;wGif yg0ifa&;om;vmMuaom EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESifh 0efBuD;a[mif; rsm;
tm;vkH;udk BudKqdkygonf/
OD;AaqGwa,mufwnf; acgif;pnf;emrnf wyfvdkufwmuawmh olu uRefawmfh tay:rSm
aus;Zl;&SdvdkUygbJ/
ol[m uRefawmfhudkaiGig;axmifay;bl;ygonf/
... tpcsDNyD; tqkH;owfrSm...
onfawmh OD;AaqGu tifrwef0rf;ajrmufwJU rsufESmBuD;eJU..
]'gjzifh rif;auseyfNyDayghaemf? auseyf&if ightdrfrSm xrif;pm;NyD;rS oGm;uGm}qdkNyD; ]a[h
'dkUxrif;pm;r,fuG}vdkU vSrf;atmfvdkufw,f/
onfaemuf uRefawmfwkdU[m ydkumupm;cJUMuao;w,faemf/ OD;AaqGu uRefawmfh
vufxdyfuxdkifvdkU ]pma&;q&mhzJudk taoowfr,fuG? taoowfr,fuG}eJU...
rSwfrdao;&JUvm; OD;AaqG...
usef;rm&Tifvef;ygap
aomfwmaqG
tESDodkU uRefawmfu y#doaE¨m&jyKvdkufygojzifh OD;AaqGu (15-5-71)aeUxkwf
a&Twl*sme,fwGif...
aomfwmaqGodkUjyefpm
aomfwmaqG
a&TwlrSmygwJU armif&ifhaqmif;yg;udk zwf&vdkU? aemufNyD;ay;ydkUvdkufwJU ]þavmu
ajrr[D0,f}pmtkyfudk&&SdvdkU? 0rf;vnf;ajrmuf aus;Zl;vJ wifygw,f/
1/ armif&ifu igwkdUEdkifiHa&;orm;BuD;awG pma&;q&mavmu 0ifa&mufvmMu wmudk
0rf;ajrmufpGm BudKqdkygw,f qdkvdkU*kPf,lygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'dkUwawGvJ ]ordkif;ay;
wm0efudk} xrf;aqmif&w,fqdkwm em;vnfbdkUvdkw,f/
2/ armif&ifu ]rSwfrdao;vm;}qdkvdkU iguvJ jyefar;vdkw,f/ wifhw,fu olU&JU ]*sKH;}udk
jrefrmjynfdodkU ac:vdka&;eJU ywfoufNyD; rif;eJUigaqG;aEG;Muwmudk rif;aqmif;yg; rSm
tawmfbJ pkHpkHvifvif azmfjycJUw,f/ 'gayr,fh ta&;BuD;wm wcsufusefaew,f?
]wifhw,frSm Armrdef;reJU cav;rsm; &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;}vdkU igar;cJUw,f? armif&ifu ]&Sdyg
w,f}vdkU ajzw,f/ ]'DudpörSm olUrdef;r Armru oabmwlovm;}qdkawmh armif&ifu
]oabmwlygw,f}vdkU ajzcJUw,f/ 'Dawmh igu ]'g[m obm0rusbl;? w&m;vJw&m;
r,f? rSefvJrSefr,fqdk&if igawmh ArmreJU olU&JUom;orD;rsm; pdwfcsrf;ombdkU Armrç
bufu &yfwnfvdkw,f}vdkU ajymcJUw,fav/ tJ'gawmh armif&if rSwfrdao;ovm;/
3/ armif&ifeJU ywfoufNyD; owif;aumif;rsm; Mum;&vdkU 0rf;ajrmufrdw,f..../ 'guawmh
armif&ift&ufraomufawmhbl; qdkwJUowif;bJ/ tck bmaMumifhbJ raomufaomuf?
aemufawmh wu,fbJ t&ufjywfoGm;NyDvdkU Mum;vdrfhr,fvdkU ajrSmfvifh w,f..../
udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omygap/
oihf&Jabmf
AaqG
OD;AaqG&JU jyefpmeHywf2-u ]'DudpörSm olUrdef;r Armru oabmwlygovm;} qdkawmh
uRefawmfuoabmwlygw,fvdkU ajzrdwmuawmh aiGig;axmif &csifaZmeJU NzD;wm/
OD;AaqGvdk vlBuD;wa,mufu ,kHr,fr[kwfzl;qdkwm rpOf;pm;rdcJUbl;/ rdkufvdkuf wJU
uRefawmfhES,f/ 'DtaMumif; uRefawmfa&Twl*sme,f aqmif;yg;xJ xnfhra&;wmuvJ
owdr&vdkUr[kwfygbl;/ OD;AaqGenf;wlrarhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh wifhw,ftwGuf raumif;
aybl; xifvdkU uRefawmf wrifcsefypfcJUwmygvdkU OD;AaqGqDudk uRefawmw,fvDzkef;eJU
ajymMum;vdkufygw,f/
eHygwf 3? OD;AaqG uRefawmfhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufaMumif; tEkarm'em jyKonfu awmh
uRefawmf[m 1943-ckESpf jrif;vSnf;orm;b0uwnf;u aeUpOf&ufquf rysuf
ruGufaomufcJUwJU t&ufudk onfacwfrSm jynfwGif;jzpf EdkifiHjcm;t&ufvnf; raomuf
Edkif? udk,fwwfEdkifwJU t&ufjzLuvnf; t0,f&cufcJvGefvGef;vdkU 1969-ck? Zlvdkifv 6-
&ufaeUnaerSm pwifjzwfvdkufwJU taMumif; aMu;rkHowif;pmrSma&m? &Ir0rSma&m? pmwdk
pm&Snfa&;um uRefawmfwdkif;odjynfod aMunmvdkufí jzpfygonf/
þt&uftaMumif; pçrdawmh t&ufaMumifh tEå&m,fjzpfoGm;Muaom pmaye,f
ucspfaqGrsm;udk owd&rdygonf/
q&mBuD;r[maqG
þpm wae&mü azmfjycJUonf/ px&if;a[mfw,fü usif;yaom qdkAD,uf atmufwdkbm
awmfvSefa&;aeU? tcrf;tem;wckwGif uRefawmfwkdU pma&;q&mawG awmfawmfaxGMuí?
EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;ESifh pum;ajymaeaom xdkpOfu umuG,fa&;0ef BuD; OD;AaqGtm;
oGm;ac:&ef q&mBuD;r[maqGu uRefawmfhudkcdkif;onf/
OD;AaqGudk uRefawmfac:cJUaomfvnf; olUqDra&mufawmh rauseyf? OD;AaqGudk om
r[kwf? xdkpOfu ynma&;0efBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh tjcm;0efBuD;rsm;udkvnf; (ckacwf
pum;okH;ESifh ajym&aomf) ol]csJ}aeojzifh q&mBuD;tm; tdrfjyefydkU&ef oifhavsmfNyDqdkMuí
uRefawmf wm0ef,lcJU&onf/
armfawmfum; wpD;ESifh tawmfacsmhacsmharmharmh cJcJ,Of;,Of; ac:cJU&í q&mBuD;
tdrfa&mufaomf trl;orm;wkdU xkH;pHtwdkif; ]a[h armifaqG&? igrrl;ao;ygbl; uG}[k qdkí
olUorD;rsm;tm; t&ufESifh jrnf;p&mrsm; xkwfapygonf/
'Dtcsdef q&mBuD;orD; cifaqGOD;ESifh at;at;u bmBuD;ao;oenf;/ q,fhav;
ig;ajcmufESpf tysKdaygufuav;awGrQ &SdOD;rnf/ orD;uav;awGonf zatBuD; qE´
twdkif;jyKpk&onf/ olwkdUtaz t&uform;BuD;udk cspf&Smonf/ q&mBuD;uawmfuvnf;
tcsKdUZeD;rsm;vdk vift&uform;BuD;&,fvdkU yrmrcefUrjyK? olUcifyGef;onfBuD;udk
tifrwef aMumufcspf&dkao&SmaMumif;? uRefawmf wcPav;ESifh tuJcyfrdygonf/
uRefawmf taomuform; rdwfaqGawG tdrfa&mufaygif; rsm;vSNyDubJ/
q&mBuD;tdrf aomuf&onfht&ufrSm csuft&ufjzLudk oMum;avSmfí ta&mif
oGif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;t&ufudk aeUpOf0,fay;&olrsm;rSm
q&mBuD;\orD;uav;rsm; bJjzpfonf/
'Dtdrfa&mufawmh a[mfw,fu paumhwvef 0DpuDESifh Armcsufa&mNyD; wu,f
rl;oluawmh uRefawmfbJ/
uRefawmfonf t&ufrl;awmh Zmwday:í at;at;\cspfvSpGmaom aMumifBuD;udk owfNyD;
[if;csufpm;rnfvkyfojzifh at;at;u pdwfqdk;cJUaMumif;? aemufawmhajymprSwf jyKMu\/
uRefawmfuawmh at;at;onf olUaMumifBuD;ydkufí uRefawmfwkdUaomufae onfh
pm;yGJem;vmaeonf/ (at;at;&JU eifhaMumifBuD;ucspfp&mBuD;ygvm; ay;prf;igh
cP)qdkwmavmufom owd&awmhonf/ usefwmudk aiGa&mifydwfum;ay:rSm qufvuf
Munfh&IawmfrlMuyg qdkbdouJUodkU olwkdUom;trdawG ar;MunfhrSom odMuayawmhrnf/
eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufí uRefawmftdyf&mrSEdk;awmh? q&mBuD;r[maqG\
tdrfa&SU{nfhcef;rSm oifzsmwcsyf? acgif;tkH;wvHk;? apmifwxnfESifh pHy,faeaMumif;
udk,fhudk,fudk od&onf/
uRefawmftdyf&mu renf;BudK;pm;x&onf/ acgif;xJrSm rl;rdkufaeonf/ cifaqGOD; u
rsufESmokwf yk0gESifh oGm;yGwfwHvmay;í? w&dyf&dyfaom rsufpdwkdUESifh a&csKd;cef;odkU renf;
*,drf;*,dkifESifh oGm;&onf/
jyefvmaomtcg vlrSm plr&awmhí tdyf&mxJ jyefvJae&onf/ at;at;tm;
eifhtazBuD;aum ar;awmh..
]azaz...olUxkH;pHtwdkif; reufwdkif; vrf;avQmufoGm;wmaygh? OD;av;vdk olrsm; aMumif
owfr,fvkyfNyD; tdyf&mxJ vSJraeaygif}
uRefawmf pum;jyefrajymEdkifbJ tdyf&mxJ rSdef;aeonf/
rMumrDü q&mBuD;onf olUAdkuf&TJBuD;ESifh vrf;avQmufwkwfBuD;ESifh jyefa&mufvm awmh
orD;rsm;u t&ufykvif;xkwfay;onf/ tzdk;BuD;u w*Gwf*Gwf csaeavacs\/
uRefawmfrSm rsufpdudk renf;zGifhMunfh&onf/ uRefawmfEdk;aewm jrifawmhq&mBuD;u..
]a[h armifaqGvmvuG? a[m'DrSm ]ypfurDtyfvdkuf}
uRefawmfrSm &ifxJwvSyfvSyfckefí tm;enf;vsuf...
]uRefawmf aumif;aumif;vJ rxEdkifbl;? aomufcsifpdwfvJr&Sdbl;? acgif;xJrl;NyD;
atmf*vDqefaew,f}
][if;[if;...'gaMumifh ]ypfurDtyf}zdkU vdkw,fajymwm ayghuG}qdkNyD; zefcGufxJ
t&ufawGxnfhvmum uRefawmfhudk yckH;u rçxlí vlemaq;wdkufovdk wdkufygonf/
uRefawmfuvnf; jyefNyD;vef;qef; vmvdrfhrnfvm;[k BudK;pm;aomufvdkufygonf/
odkU&m wGif wzeftjyif;rl;um jyefítdyfaysmfoGm;jyefav\/
'kwd,tBudrfEdk;aomtcg em&DjyefwcsufcefU &SdaeacsNyD/ q&mBuD;onf tuÐsr&Sd
udk,fwkH;vkH; acR;awG&TJ&GJESifh nuuRefawmfwkdU t&ufaomufpm;yGJrSmyif pma&;aeonf/
puúLudk acR;ayNyD; rifjyefUrSmpdk;í olUvufarmif;udk t0wfywfxm;onf/
uRefawmfEdk;rSef;odaomtcg cifaqGOD;ESifh at;at;uvmí xrif;pm;&ef ajymonf/
]atmifr,fav; igh&ifacgif;xJ rD;vdkylaew,f[m... xrif;[if; pm;csifpdwf r&Sdygbl;}
]'gjzifh wckckawmh pm;rSjzpfr,f? AdkufxJ tpmr&SdvdkUaoaetkH;r,f bmpm;csifpdwf &SdovJ
iSufysmoD;pm;rvm;}
]a[hat;...iSufaysmoD;vJ rpm;csifbl;? ocGm;oD; z&JoD; tJvdkat;wm pm;csifw,f}
]'D&moDrSm z&JoD;awmh b,f&SdrvJ? ocGm;oD;bJ&r,f? oGm;...at;at;0,facs}[k
cifaqGOD;u cdkif;onf/
ocGm;oD;udk uRefawmfxdkifNyD; rpm;Edkifyg/ yufvufzJ0g;í 4-5vkH;rQ ukefNyD;aemuf?
rMumrD uRefawmftdyfaysmfoGm;jyefav\/
wwd,tBudrf Edk;aomtcg n-arSmifvsuf &SdacsNyD/ q&mBuD;onf pmyGJüxdkifum
t&ufaomuf&if; xrif;pm;vsuf&Sdonf/ uRefawmfrsufvkH;zGifhwmjrifaomtcg...
]a[h armifaqGEdk;NyDvm;? vmavuGm qufcsvdkuf}
uRefawmf BudK;pm;xMunfhonf/ r[myx0DajrBuD;onf tdk;xdef;pufuJUodkU csmcsm
vnfownf;/ uRefawmfywf0ef;usif jriforQwdkUrSm w&dyf&dyfESifh vIyf&Sm;ae\/ uRefawmfh
udk NyKH;aphaphESifh MunfhaeMuaom cifaqGOD;wkdU nDtronf -4-5-6a,mufjzpfae\/
]uRefawmf rwfwwfr&yfEdkifbl; q&mBuD;? acgif;rl;NyD; tm;enf;aew,f}
'Dawmh q&mBuD;onf uRefawmfhtm;vma&muf wGJac:NyD; olUpm;yGJa&mufonfü
]'gaomufNyD;...'gpm;vdkufuG? jyefNyD;tm;&SdoGm;rSmaygh}[k ajymvsuf uRefawmfhyg;pyfxJ
t&ufcGufudk Zufydk;udkifí twif;cGHUwdkuf\/ uRefawmfu BudK;pm;NyD; aomufvdkufjyef\/
pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf uRefawmfEdk;aomtcgü q&mBuD;tdrfrSm ESpfnajrmuftdyfNyD;
eHeufcif;jzpfav\/ q&mBuD;um; vrf;avQmufoGm;aeayrnf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfoljyef
vmatmif rae0HUawmhNyD/ trl;rajyao;aom uRefawmfhudk raeUuvdkbJ vlemaq;wkduf
ovdk twif;t&ufcGHUwdkufí jyefNyD;wkH;vkH;vJapawmhrnf/ uRefawmfaMumufNyD/
xdkUaMumifh....
rsufESmopfí uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmfrenf;plum at;at;wdkUom;trdawG EIwfqufNyD;
vpfcJU&awmh\/
pifppf uRefawmft&ufaomufaom &mZ0ifrSm ]ypfurDtyf}ac: nu trl;vGef vQif
aemufwaeUeHeuf xyfaomufaom tusifhuRefawmfhrSmr&SdcJU/ raeUu rsm;oGm;vQif
'DaeUreuf 0rf;EIwfjcif;om jyKavh&Sdonf/ ,ck olrsm;tdrfrSm 0rf;rEIwfEdkifbJ t&ufudk
xyfxyfomaomufrdojzifh 'ku©BuD;vSvSawGUavNyD/ uaygufxduaygufcsm ajcvSrf;wkdU
jzifh avQmufcJUí? yxrOD;qkH;awGUaom wuúpDESifh tdrfodkU'kef;pdkif;cJU&awmh\/ xdkUaemuf
3-&ufavmuf t&ufemusae\/
q&mBuD; r[maqGum;...aomufEdkifvSygayonf[k uRefawmfcsD;MuL;&\/
]aomfwmaqGwdkU aomufw,fqdkwm r[maqG&Dwmaygh}[k ajymxdkufyg\/ olonfreuf
vnf;aomuf? aeUcif;vnf;aomuf? naevnf;aomuf/ aomufvnf;aomuf? tpm;
vnf;pm;\/ 'gaMumifh q&mBuD;onf usef;rm0NzdK;\/ aomufonfhae&mwGif t&ufudk
Edkifol[k qdkEdkif\/ odkUaomfaomufNyD;awmh t&ufudk t&SLH;ay;&&Sm\/
taMumif;rSm wnoü q&mBuD; t&uftrl;vGefNyD; olUtdrfavSum;xufrS
aemufjyefvefus? orefwvif;ESifh aemufaphaqmifhrdí OD;aESmuftm&kHaMumjywfNyD;aoqkH;
&\/
oef;aqG
oef;aqGonf taomuf0gEkEk? toufi,fi,f? 38-ESpfESifh aoqkH;&\/
1947-ckESpf uRefawmfwkdU pwifoduRrf;pOfu oef;aqGonft&ufudk vkH;0
raomufwwfao;acs/ wifhw,fESifh uRefawmfaomufaevQif olueHab;rSxdkifí
tjrnf;pm;\/ aemuf wpwpESifh usdwfvmvdkufwm? 1953-ckESpfavmufrSm olt&ufudk
wrf;wrf;pJGjzpfvmNyD;? aornfhckESpfeD;vmaomtcgwdkUwGif ]ypfurDtyf}ac:eHeufyg
aomufonfhtusifhudk olvkyfvmawmhonf/
t&uform;wkdUonf eHeufyg aomufvmwwfNyDqdkvQif 'ku©bufodkU OD;wnfNyDqdk wmudk
owdjyKoifhonf/
nursm;oGm;ojzifh reufwGif xdkif;rIdif;aeí tenf;i,fxyfaomufvdkufjcif;jzifh
vef;qef;oGm;onfqdkonfrSm rSefygonf/ odkUaomf...þvef;qef;jcif;onf taumif;vef;
qef;jcif;r[kwf/ jyefvnrl;,pfaom trl;opfpjcif;yifjzpfonf/ 'Dtrl;uav;udk rjy,f
atmif cPcPtenf;i,fpD xyfxyfaomuf&jcif;jzifh waeUvkH; wpGwfpGwfaomufaom
tusifhudk jzpfvmapawmh\/ ,if;onft&ufudk t&ufuaomufjcif;rnf\/ vlu
raomufcsifvkdUvJ rae&awmh/ raomuf&vQifvufwkef ajcwkefjzpf\/ avtxufvSefí
acsmif;w[uf[uf wHawG;wjypfjypfjzpfvm\/ oef;aqGonf þtqifhrSmaooGm;\/
olonf 1964-ckESpf? {NyDv 14&ufaeUrSm aoqkH;onfjzpf&m? 13-&ufaeUnae rSm
uRefawmfhtdrfodkU a&mufvm\/ olUtdwfxJygorQ ydkufqHuav;awG xkwfjyí...
]'DrSm udkaqGBuD; uRefawmfhrSm 6usyfzJ&Sdw,fAsm? vdkwmcifAsm; jznfhAsm? uRefawmf wkdU
]o[m,}bm; oGm;aomuf&atmif}
xdkpOfü uRefawmfhtdrfrSm uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;&Sd\/ arwkdUom;trdawG awmifBuD;
jyefaeMu\/ udk,fhxrif;udk,fcsufpm;ae&\/ udk,fhvuf&SdaiGudk wGufae&\/ xdkUaMumifh
]a[h...oef;aqG..ighrSm aiGydkr&Sdawmhbl;uGm? 'DtcgwGif;rSm xrif;[if;csufpm;bkdU
avmufzJ&Sdawmhw,f? t&ufawmh tjzLbJtjynfhtpkH0,fxm;wm&Sdw,f? rif;vJ tJ'DtjzL
bJaomufyguGm...'DrSm oef;aqG&...'dkUvdktaumifawGu b,frSmaeUwdkif; &rfwkdUb&ef'DwdkU
aomufEdkifrvJuGm...}
'Dawmh oluRefawmfhudk bmrQjyefrajymawmhbJ tdrfay:uqif;oGm;í u&ifaqmf
'gwvkH;0,fNyD; jyefvm\/ oef;aqGonf uRefawmfhavmuf t&ufra&G;aomufEdkifol
r[kwfao;acs/ csufjzLudk...u&ifaqmf'gESifh a&mcsrnfjzpf\/
uRefawmfu...
]atmifrSm...rif; u&ifaqmf'grvdkygbl;uG? ighrSmtjzLeJUa&maomufzdkU rif;[m
xufaumif;wJU *&dwf*sKpf&Sdygw,fuG? rif;[mxm;vdkuf}
,ckwdkif trSwfw&xm;aom oef;aqG0,fvmonfh [dkacwfu yifrSnfhu&ifqdk'g ykvif;
olUtwdkif; uRefawmfhykvif;pifwGif &Sdaeao;\/
uRefawmfonf taomufESifhxrif; wGJpm;avh&Sdonfhtwdkif;...
]a[h...oef;aqG? rif;vJ...aomufNyD;? xrif;vJ tNyD;pm;vdkufayghuG? 0rf;Adkufqdkwm
jynfhoGm;&if udpöNidrf;wmbJ}
odkUaomf...ol[uf[ufyufyuf rpm;acs/ olUtmoDojynfhpkHykHray:yg/
uRefawmfu udk,fhtusifhtwdkif; t&ufESifhxrif;0atmif aomupm;NyD; wcgwnf;
tdyf&mxJwef;oGm;awmh ukwifay: olvdkufvmí eHab;rSm acwåxdkifaeao; \/
eufzefreuf oBuFefvnf&ef &kyf&Sifrif;om; udkxGef;a0wkdUvlpk olUudkvmac:rnfh
taMumif;ESifh uRefawmfhudkyg vdkufzdkUac:ao;\/ onfawmh uRefawmfu...
]ig...&efukefrSm aevmwmMumygNyDuGm? i,fi,fwkef;u &efukefoBuFef ujrif;aMum
xcJUbl;ygNyD? tckawmh igpdwfxJrSm aeylxJ t&ufaomuf&if; a&yufcHwm[m udk,fhudk,f
udk taES;eJUtjref a0'em&atmif zefwD;wmbJvdkU ,lqawmhw,fuG? igoBuFefwGif;rSm
tdrfxJu tdrfjyifawmif rxGufawmhbl;}
]udkxGef;a0wkdUu cifAsm;udkyg vmac:r,fwJU}
]rac:eJU...rac:eJU...rac:eJUvdkU ajymvdkufyg? a[h...wckawmh 'DvdkvkyfuGm? eufzef us
udkxGef;a0qDrSm aiG 300davmufawmif; rif;aomufcsifwJUt&ufykvif;eJU pm;p&m0,f cJU?
ighbdkUawmh bJuifwaumifuGm? igaomufwJUtcsdef nae5em&Davmuf a&mufatmif
vmcJUuGm odvm;...igapmifhaer,f}
olonf uRefawmfhAdkufay: apmiftacgufudk wifay;oGm;ao;\/ xdkpOfuRefawmf wkdUonf
udkxGef;a0ESifh tvkyf&Sd\/ uRefawmfu ]a&Tjynfawmfonf} 0w¬K (&efuif;&kyf&Sif
rSjyoNyD;)udka&;í? oef;aqGu ZmwfnTef;cJGae\/ onftwGuf uRefawmfu udkxGef;a0qD
u aiG 300d-awmif;cdkif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkUaMumifh aemufwaeU naerSm t&ufykvif;ESifh pm;p&mawG ,lvmrnfh oef;aqGudk
uRefawmfarQmfonf...arQmfonf...tdrfa&SUwuJuJxGufMunfhí arQmfonf/
odkUaomf...5 em&Dxdk;vJrvm? 6-em&Dxdk;vJ ra&mufawmh? udk,fhtdrfrSm &Sdwmav;
awGESifhbJ aomufpm;NyD;awmh olUarQmf&if;bJ tdrfatmufu uGyfyspfay:rSm wkH;vkH;vJae
&mrS tdyfaysmfoGm;av&m? acgif;&if;rS ]udkaqG...udkaqG..} ac:oHMum;í
Edk;awmh...udkxGef;a0&,f..../
uRefawmfuvl;vJxí...
]oef;aqGaum}
]a&epfvdkU....}
ol'gbJajymEdkifawmh\/
pifppf oef;aqGESifh q&mBuD;r[maqGwdkU awGU&ykHjcif;wlonf/
aemufaMumif; pkHprf;í od&onfrSm....oef;aqGonf uRefawmfhtdrfrS xGufcGmoGm; NyD;?
o[m,bm;0ifí olUaiG 6 bdk;uav;udk b&ef'Daomufao;onf/ xdkUaemuf urm
&Gwft&ufjzLqdkifBuD;rSm xdkpOfu refae*sm OD;vSazu olESifh&if;ESD;onfrdkU tjzLwvkH;
ta<u;qGJNyD; tdrfodkU ,loGm;ao;onf/
eHeufcif;ü udkxGef;a0wkdUvlpk vmac:awmh waeUvkH;a&yufcH&if; &rfudkaomufMu onf/
aeUvnfcif; tif;vsm;uef *sL;Aef;bufrSmoGm;í a&ul;Mu\/ odkUa&ul;&if;?
tif;vsm;uef [dkw,frSm olESifhoduRrf;aeaom rdk;ukwfom;rsm; t&ufaomufaeMuw,f
Mum;awmh? arNrdKUcspfaqGESifh avSavSmfí oGm;Mu\/ rdk;ukwfom;rsm; t&uf0dkif;rSm olwkdU
0ifíwG,fonf/
olESifhcifrifvSaom rdk;ukwfudkwifarmif tudkudkarmifarmif (,ckuG,fvGef)u
olUykHyef;Munfhí...]udkoef;aqG odyfrsm;aeNyD xifw,f}ajymawmh t&uform;wdkUxkH;pH?
t&l;udk t&l;ajymawmh rcHcsifovdk...
]rl;ygbl;As? ay;prf;cifAsm;wdkU t&uf}qdkNyD; rdk;ukwfom;rsm;aomufavhaomufx &Sdaom
a*smfeD0gum; bvufavb,fvfudk 3-yufavmuf wcgwnf;xnfh? qdk'gra&mbJ
wcsufwnf;armhNyD;? a[mfw,fxJuavQmuf? avSay:wufoGm;awmhqdkoudk;/
xdkUaMumifh oef;aqGonf? trl;vGefNyD; avSay:rSa&xJ us&jcif;jzpf\/ q&mBuD;
r[maqGvnf; trl;vGefNyD; avSum;ay:rS aemufjyefvdrfhus&jcif;jzpf\/
t&uform;wkdUwGif (1)vlut&ufudkaomuf? (2)t&ufu t&ufudkaomuf?
(3)t&ufuvludkaomuf[k okH;rsKd;&Sdonfhteuf q&mBuD;r[maqGESifh oef;aqGwkdUonf
t&ufu t&ufudkaomufaom umvrSmyif trl;vGefí aoqkH;&jcif;jzpf\/
pifppf t&ufudkBudKufrdí aomufMuNyDqdkvQif? yxrOD;qkH; eHywfwpf vlu t&uf udk
aomufaejcif;om aumif;yg\/ onfxuf ausmfvGefíum; raumif;awmhygacs/
odkU&mwGif t&ufudk pGJpJGNrJNrJ aomufvmawmh? EkysKd&mrS tdkrif;&ifha,mfjcif; aemufqkH;&Sd
acsNyD....qdkouJUodkU b,fawmhrS &yfwef;u &yfraeMuawmhbJ aemufqkH; ('kH)eHywf (3)odkU
qdkufoGm;wwfonfom jzpfacsonf/
wenf;Oyrmjy&aomf t&ufudk vluaomufaecsdefrSm orD;&nf;pm; b0ESifhwlyg \/
pmuav;ay;vdkuf? csdef;awGUvdkuf? b,favmufedyfoenf;/ odkUaomf...cifAsm;wkdU
uRefawmfwkdUonf ord;&nf;pm;b0ESifh b,frSm tm;&wif;wdrfjcif;&Sdygoenf;/ vifr,m;
b0a&mufatmif BudK;pm;vdkufMuwm? uJ..ckawmh odMuNyDr[kwfvm;[if/ orD;&nf;pm;
b0wkef;uvdk t&om&Sdao;&JUvm;/ om;r,m;wm0efxrf;&onf? xdkUtwlt&ufwm0ef
xrf;&onf/
t&ufc&D;eJU tcspfc&D;[m..tJovdk wlw,fcifAs/
orD;&nf;pm;b0[m cGmNyJ&ifvJNyJ? rNyJ&if nm;&w,fAs/
t&ufvJbJ aomufrd&if jyefjzwfEdkifjzwf? rjzwfEdkif&if a&SUquf<uNyDbJ/
]uJ....onfawmh tcspfc&D;qdkwmuawmhAsm (Oyrm EIdif;&wmyg) avmu"r®wm
jzpfoifhjzpfxdkufwJUvrf;pOfbJ/ vl&JU0wå&m;vlUavmu&JU tusKd;rsm;&m rsm;aMumif;bJ/
t&uf c&D;uawmh qufwD;av redyfavbJAsKdU/
'gaMumifh t&ufraomufwwfao;&if raomufzJ aebdkUeJU aomufwwfae&ifvJ
jyefjzwfzdkUeJU? rjzwfEdkif&ifvJ t&ufudkvlu aomufwJUtqifhrSmbJ &yfaebdkUtBuHay;vdk
ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tBuHay;wmu vGG,foavmuf aomufaeol tzdkUrSm? t&uftvGef
BudKufoltzdkUrSm &yfwef;u&yfzdkU cufw,fqdkwm? uRefawmfvJ udk,fawGUbJ odygw,f/
odkUaomf...(vdkufEdkif&if vdkufzdkUayghav) enf;vrf;wckudkawmh ajymjyEdkifygw,f/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;enf;
q&mBuD;onf t&ufaomufoljzpfaMumif; oludk,fwdkif0efcH a&;om;cJUbl;onf/ odkUaomf
q&mBuD;onf uRefawmfodcJUorQ touf80-ausmfonfwdkifatmif ]t&ufudk
vluaomufonf}qdkaom tqifhrSmbJ tNrJwrf;&SdcJUonf/ q&mBuD;onf t&ufudk
rl;csifí aomufonfr[kwf? pm;aumif;tdyfaumif;atmifom aomufoljzpfonf/
q&mBuD;aomufenf;rSm t&ufudk b,fawmhrStpm;ESifh cGmraomufay/ xrif; pm;cgeD;rS
t&ufudkaomuf\/ aomufNyD;&ifylí 0rf;Adkufu tpmudkawmif;vmaomtcg xrif;udk
tm;&yg;& pm;ypfvdkufavonf/
uRefawmfonf þenf;twdkif;bJ jyKusifhcJUygvsuf waeUxufwaeU? wvufxuf wv?
t&ufawG ydkydkaomufaomufvmrd\/ OyrmqdktHU/ yxrü wpdwfESifh xrif;Nrdef\/
tdyfaysmf\/ aemufwpwpESifh wydkif;a&mufvm\/ xdkUaemufwykvif;xdoGm;\/
raomuf&vQif avwysKdUysKdUjzpfvm\/ xrif;pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfcsifawmh/ ,if;onf
t&ufu t&ufudk awmif;vmaomtqifh/
q&mBuD;onf þtqifhudk ra&mufay? aeUwdkif;t&ufudk raomufívm;?
aomufvdkuforS? q&mBuD;t&ufraomufzJ xrif;pm;aomtcg[lír&Sd/ uRefawmfESifh
ESpf&Snfvrsm;twlaecJU? pm;cJU? aomufcJUbl;onf/
odkUaomfq&mBuD;\ xl;jcm;csuf avhusifhrIw&yf &SdonfrSm wcgwcgü olUudk,fol
cRef;tkyfí NcdK;NcHrIjzpf\/ olonfuRefawmfwkdUvdkbJaygh/ trsm;wum t&uform;awGod
Muonfhtwdkif; wpwp t&ufuav;ydkaomufvm? ydkaomufrSvJ tmoDoajyí
xrif;Nrdef? t&ufenf;ae&ifbJ pdwfxJw,f rMunfcsifawmh/
þtcsdefa&mufvmaomtcgü q&mBuD;onf olUwoufwm rSwfwrf;xJwGif
a&;cJUonfhtwdkif;? xrif;[if; pm;aumif;csifvkdUom t&ufaomufjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh
xrif;pm;jcif;udk &yfwefUavonf/
]a[h..rpdk;? igxrif;rpm;awmhbl;uG}
onftcgü q&mBuD;uawmf a':BuD;pdk;u xrif;[if;awG zG,fzG,f&m&mrcsuf awmh/
Al;oD;? a*:zD&Guf? rkHvmxkyf? rkHvmO? yJoD; ponfawGjyKwfNyDcifAsm/ 'Dawmh q&mBuD;onf
t&ufvJ vkH;0raomufawmhbJ? þtoD;t&GufjyKwfawGudkbJ iefjym&nfESifh
wkdUpm;avawmh\/
xrif;[if;pm;aeusolonf þrQESifhwif;rwdrfEdkifyg/ xdkUaMumifh q&mBuD;onf
olU0rf;AdkufqmvmvQif iSufaysmoD;pm;\/ vufzuf&nfMurf;aomuf\/ vufzufpm;\/
,if;odkUvQif oloDwif;wywfrQ rdrdukd,frdrd NcdK;NcHcsKyfwnf;rI jyKNyD;awmhrS rlvuvdk bJ
t&ufjyefaomuf\/ xrif;pm;[if;jyefpm;\/
pifppfawmh olUcE¨mudk,f\tm[m&"gwfcHudk ajymif;ypfvdkufjcif;jzpf\/ xdktcgrSm
olonf t&ufpaomufwwfcgp uav;uJUodkU t&uftenf;i,frQav;ESifh axGNyD;xrif;
[if;pm;aomufaumif;vS\/
]a[h tJvdkraomufzJ? xrif;rpm;bJNcdK;NcHaeNyD;awmhrS jyefNyD; aomufwmpm;wm [m
b,favmuf t&om&SdovJ/ t&ufvJbJ jyefNyD;taomufeJoGm;w,fuG? cE¨mudk,fvJ
oefUpifNyD; usef;rma&;twGufvJ aumif;w,f? rif; ighvdkvkyfMunfhprf;uGm}[k wdkufwGef;
bl;ygonf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfonf q&maumif;wynfh? yef;aumif;ryefcJUacs/ xdkUaMumifh
t&ufol&maMumwGif awmfawmfepfarsmcJUbl;yg\/ pmzwfol rdwfaqGudkomvQif
q&mBuD;vdk jyKusihfEdkifygu jyKusifhbdkUazmfjyjcif;jzpfyg\/
t&uform;rsm;omr[kwf/ aiGaMu;csrf;omí xrif;aumif; [if;aumif;awGESifh aeUpOf
pm;ae&ygvsuf Mumawmh NiD;aiGUtDvnfvmaomtcgü q&mBuD;enf; NcdK;NcHNyD;
tpm;ajymif;jcif;udk jyKMunfhoifhyg\/ armfawmfum;pum;ESifh ajym&aomf udk,fhcE¨mudk,f
udk tdkAma[mvkyfonf oabmayghcifAsm/
rdk;a0? armifMunfaqG? udka&Tarmif?
pmaye,frS t&ufaMumifh ysufpD;oGm;&aom vlrsm;pm&if;wGif olwkdUokH;a,muf udk
rxnfhírjzpfay/
,if;okH;a,mufrSm armifMunfaqGti,fqkH;jzpf\/ &Ir0wdkufodkU i,fpOfuxJu
a&mufvmNyD; pma&;q&mESifh t,f'DwmawGtMum; BuD;jyif;vmaom &Ir0NcHayguf
pma&;q&mav;jzpf\/
olUemrnf&if;u armifpef;cifjzpf&m? uavmifemrnf,lawmh oef;aqGESifh aomfwmaqG\
wynfhtjzpfESifh olUuavmifemrnfrSm ]aqG}xnfh,ljcif;[kajymbl;\/
udk,fhvlpmta&;tom;rSm aomfwmaqG oef;aqGwdkUavmuf tiftm;aumif; raumif;
awmh (olUtwdkoGm;í) rajymwwf&Sd&rnf/ aomuftm;rSmawmh q&mESpfyg;\ pHcsdefudk
csKd;jcif;jzifh toufi,fi,fuav;ESifh vlUb0u apmpD;pGmudpöacsmoGm;\/
armifMunfaqG\ taomufc&D;pOfwGif ]vlut&ufudkaomuf}rS ]t&ufut&uf
udkaomuf}blwmawGu jrefqefvGef;í aemufqkH;rSm olUtm; t&ufuaomufypfjcif;jzifh
cE¨ma<uoGm;&&Sm\/
olraorD vydkif;avmufu wm0gbm;rSm aemufqkH;awGUvdkuf&onf/ olUvkH;csif;
0w¬Kav;emrnf&pjyKí u&ruf? jrifheD? jrifhausmfwdkUESifhwGJum t&ufol&maMumrSm
epfarsmaeMuonf/ þpOfrSm olUtom;a&rSm ndKnpfNyD; rsufESmyGpdpdESifh azmif;tpftpfae
ykH Munfh&jcif;jzifh olUtm; t&ufaomufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; uRefawmfowdjyKrd\/ xdkrSrMum
rDyif t&ufyljyefí raeEdkifrxdkifEdkifjzpfojzifh a&udkMum&SnfpGm tat;pdrfcsKd;jcif;jzifh
tqkyfudk tat;rdNyD; aoqkH;oGm;aMumif; Mum;&\/
udka½Tarmif
tifrwef vlcspfvlcifrsm;aom aMu;rkHowif;axmufBuD;/ owif;,l"gwfykH&dkuf
tvGefaumif;onf/ olUudk,folt&ufu 'ku©ay;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; raorDu BudKwifod\/
olonft&ufaMumifh aq;&kHcPcPwuf&a&m? aq;&kHuwcg jyefqif;wdkif;
qifwdkif;t&ufraumif;aMumif;? olt&ufjzwfNyDjzpfaMumif; aMu;rkHowif;pmrSm
aqmif;yg;a&;avh&Sd\/
udka&Tarmifum; ]t&ufjzwfwm tvG,fav;yguGm? igt&ufjzwfwm tcgw&m
avmuf&SdNyD}qdkaom vlpm;rsKd;ygwnf;/ olaemufqkH;tBudrf aq;&kHwufaomtcgü aMu;rkH
wGif t&ufraumif;aMumif; aqmif;yg;a&;&ef olUtdrfodkU rjyefEdkifawmhacs/ &ifcGJ&kHodkUom
a&mufoGm;awmh\/ olUudk t&ufaomufypfjcif;jzpf\/
rdk;a0
uRefawmfha,mufzBuD;um; t&ufudktvGefBudKuf? rsKd;ESifh&dk;ESifhBudKuf? olUtaz vnf;
t&ufaMumifh ao&jcif;bJjzpf\/ ]arhtarESifh rdk;a0tazonf armifESrt&if;jzpf av&m?
arESifh uRefawmfnm;awmh rdk;a0trsKd;awGuvnf; uRefawmfhtrsKd;jzpfvmí olwkdU trsKd;xJ
0ifMunfhawmh atmifr,fav;Asm raomufwJUvl r&Sdoavmufyguvm;/ taomufBuD;ESifh
taomufuav;wkdUom jcm;em;\/ þaqGrsKd;xJuRefawmfa&mufjcif; onf
aumif;jcif;t*Fgw&yfjzpfayonf/ b,folurQ uRefawmft&ufaomufwmudk
tjypfajym&kHru b,ftdrfoGm;oGm; t&ufykvif;uawmh toifhbJ...[J...[J.../
rdk;a0onf t&uform; pma&;q&mawGxJü xl;jcm;csufw&yfrSm a[mfw,fwGif
t&ufxdkifaomuf&if; pma&;Edkifoljzpf\/ olUtaygif;toif;wodkufESifh ydkufqHr&SdbJ?
a[mfw,fxJ0if t&ufrSmaomuf&if; pma&;\/ olUpmtkyfwdkufESifhu wazmif
b,favmufEIef; pmrlay;aiGacs&Sdav&m? a&;NyD;orQudk olUwynfhatmifausmfu oGm;ay;í
aiG,lvmNyD;rS t&ufzdk;&Sif;&\/
rdk;a0onf tvGefpma&;Edkifoljzpfí pma&;Edkifoavmufvnf; t&ufaomufoljzpf \/
olUpmwrsufESmudk t&ufwcGufESifh wGufMunfhbdkUaumif;\/ aemufqkH;rSmwHawG; axG;&m?
aemufaz;oGm;&m aoG;awGygaeí toJZumjzpfNyD; tqkwfyJUaeNyD/ ausmufuyf wvkH;
raumif;awmh[k q&m0efuajymawmhrS t&ufjzwfrnf[k oluqdkonf/ olraorD
&ufydkif;rSm umwGef;atmif&SdefESifh uRefawmfvlemar;&ef olUtdrfa&mufoGm;onf/
ol\ajr;OD;uav;udkcsDvsuf uRefawmfwdkUESifh t&ufaomuf&if;bJ 'Dajr;uav;udk cspfvS
í ajr;uav;twGuf touf&Sif&ef t&ufjzwfawmhrnf[k ajymao;\/
odkUaomf olodyfaemufusaeNyD? rMumrDbJ t&ufu olUudk0g;rsKdypfvdkufav\/
odkU&mwGif t&ufuvludk 0g;rsKdaecJUNyDjzpfvsuf toufraoao;bJ ,ck&Sdaeao;
olum;....
wifhw,f(0g)udkaocJBuD;
þpmra&;rD 3-&ufavmufu olUtvkyfwdkufodkU uRefawmfa&mufoGm;\/ olaq;&kH
wvavmuf wufaecJU&NyD; jyefqif;cgpjzpfí uRefawmfuolUudkjrifvQifjrifcsif;.
]atmifr,fav;...oli,fcsif;&JU? raovdkU awGU&vJ ,JU,JUbJ&Sdygawmhvm;uGJU}[k
y#doE¨m&jyKvdkufawmh olUtoHu ajcmufuyfuyfBuD;jzifh...
]at;vuGm...q&m0efawG aumif;ayvdkUaygh oli,fcsif;&? ightpmtdrfxJu
azmufxkwfvdkufwmuGm? t&uf*sKd; uaZmfjrKyfawG wykvif;cGJavmuf&ouG}
]EdkUtck ukvdkUovdkUNyD;cJUNyDvm;? atmvfuvD,m jzpfNyDvm;...}
]tpmtdrfeJU tlawGudkawmh aq;aMumNyD;NyD 'gayr,fhudpörjywfao;bl;uG? tck ukowmudk
cPem;&wm? aemufrMumrD wHwm;av;rSm oGm;ae&OD;r,fwJUuG? q&m0efu ajymw,f...}
olonf þtBudrf oGm;&rnfqdkvQif wHwm;av; pdwåZaq;&kHodkU wwd,ajrmuf
jzpfacsNyD/
,cif pdwåZaq;&kHrS qif;wdkif;qif;wdkif;vnf; q&m0efawGu raomufygeJUawmh
raomufygeJUawmh ajymonf/ odkUaomf olraeEkdifcJU/ toufxuf t&ufudkckHrifouJUodkU
jzpfaeonf/
,ckolUudk uRefawmfawGU&mrSmvnf; olUcE¨mudk,fonf yDyD,JU,JUav;bJ/ t&dk;ay:
ta&wifvsuf? qHyifawGvnf; azG;aeonf/ ol\jyL;us,faom rsufvkH;BuD;rsm;onf
,cifuvdk rawmufyawmh/
,ck olvkyfaeaom r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm cef;uvnf; usef;rma&;ESifh rnDnGwfyg/
tvGefusOf;usyf ydwfarSmifum olrsm;tdrf\ avSum;wufatmufxyfrSm aeUcif;jzpfvsuf?
rD;zGifhxm;rS tvif;a&mif&\/ tjyifu av0ifaygufvnf;r&Sd/ 'DusOf;usOf;uav;rSm
vl4-5a,mufae\/ onftxJ pmrl&Sif {nfhonfawGu vm vdkufao;/
tkd;...,cifu wifhw,fonf ,ck rwifhw,fawmhygwum;/ usef;rma&;vnf; raumif;/
pma&;q&mrusef;rmawmh pD;yGm;a&;vnf; tb,frSm aumif;awmhtHUenf;/
olESifh uRefawmfpum;ajymaevdkufMuwm nae 4em&Dausmfawmh ]uJcifAsm; tvkyf
rqif;ao;bl;vm;? oGm;MupdkU}qdkawmh...
]igrjyefEdkifao;bl;uG? vkyfom;owif;pmrSm [dkaeUuygwJU aqmif;yg;twGuf pmrlcav;
ESpfq,fudk ausmfnTefUrdk; oGm;awmif;cdkif;xm;w,f olvmygrSuG? rvm&if ightdrfeufzefcg
aps;bdk;r&Sdbl;? [D...[D..}
uRefawmfh&ifrSmqdkUoGm;onf/ wifhw,fonf vdrfnmjcif;? <um;0gjcif;uif;oljzpf\/
uRefawmfvnf; xdkaeUu pE´mrSm xdkvxkwfr*¾Zif;wGifygaom ]aAmhaAmhwifEdkif}0w¬K
twGuf pmrlcawmif;&if; oGm;jcif;jzpfa&m? tqifrajyao;í r&&SdcJUyg/
tu,fíom uRefawmfh0w¬Kbdk; pE´muay;aom aiG100d-&&Sdygu wifhw,fudk tpdwfawmh
ay;cJUrnfjzpfyg\/ ,ckawmh irGJudk ijymu ru,fEdkifacswum;/
wifhw,f\ b0c&D;vrf;udk Graph ac:o&kyfjyrsOf;aMumif; qGJrnfqdkygu twufjrifhjrifh
tusMurf;Murf;udk awGU&ayrnf/
olonf wifhw,f[k emrnfBuD;vsuf? vlBudKuftrsm;qkH;? jrefrmjynf\ xdyfoD;pm
a&;q&m jzpfcJU\/ xdkUaemuf t*FvefodkUoGm;um bDbDpDrSm tvkyfvkyfí 4-ESpfaecJU\/
udk,fydkifum;pD;cJU\/ ykHESdyfpufydkifqdkifcJUbl;\/ odkU&mwGif ypönf;Opömudkrufarmol r[kwf?
aiGaMu;udk rcifwG,f? &&okH;okH; aomufaomufpm;pm;ESifh aemufqkH;rSm &SdwmawG ukef\/
wifhw,f\ &NyD;aom atmifjrifrIawG qkH;½IH;&jcif;ESifh vlwGifta&;BuD;qkH;aom
ol\usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;&jcif;udk taMumif;&Smvdkufawmh olt&ufaomuf vGefuJrIw&m;cH
ay:vmavonf/
wifhw,fonf t&ufaomufMurf;\/ olESifh uRefawmfonf a[mfw,fawGrSma&m?
olUtdrfrSma&m? uRefawmfhtdrfrSma&m? tBudrfBudrfaomufcJUbl;\/ olrl;vmNyDqdkvQif
]armifaqG uD;vfo,fabmfw,f}[k ajymavh&Sd\/ t"dyÜm,frSm 'Dykvif;ukefatmif &Sif;ypf
[kqdkonf/ þykvif;ukefawmhaum NyD;owJUvm;? rNyD;yg aemufwvkH;zGifhNyD; ]uD;vfo,f
abmfw,fvf}vkyfjyefawmh\/
wifhw,fonf t&ufaomufNyDqdkvQif tjrnf;tenf;i,frSvJGí tpmrapm;awmh bJ
owdarh vJusoGm;atmifaomufavh&Sd\/ pifppf Kill the bottle udkwdkuf&dkufjyef
vQif? ykvif;udk owfypfvdkuf[k t"dyÜm,f&Sdaomfvnf; trSefu ykvif;uolUudkowfaejcif;
jzpf\/
armif;ruef urf;ajcwGif olESifhuRefawmfa&csKd;MupOfu ykvif;u olUudkowfcJU acsNyD/
oef;aqGaoouJUodkU aoawmhrvdkUaygh/
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwkdUonf oJaomifjyifwGif ykvif;awGcsí wykvif;NyD; wykvif;
aomuf&if; 'Da&vIdif;pD;Mu&m? aemufqkH;0,f olt&ufrl;vGef;í owdarhNyD; vIdif;atmuf
a&mufoGm;&um;? olaouH ra&mufao;ojzifh vIdif;jyefustoGm;rSm uRefawmfolUudk
a&xJwkH;vkH;vJaewm awGU&aomaMumifh tvsiftjref ajy;q,fvdkuf& \/
vufrwifuav;bJ uRefawmfhrsufpd tenf;i,f aemufusí aemufwcsD'DvIdif;BuD;
vmcJUrnfqdkvQif uRefawmfolUudk &atmif,lEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ olUudk uRefawmf
aomifjyifay: qGJwifcJUNyD;rS owd&atmif tawmfjyKpk,l&\/ xdkpOfu olaooGm;rnf
qdkvQif oef;aqGuJUodkUyif olUudk,foltoufxGufoGm;rSef;rS odvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
wifhw,f\pdwful;,Of
wifhw,fonf tifrwef pdwful;,Ofwwfol jzpf\/ olbdvyfu jyefvmcgpu
Advwfom; pdwful;,OfawG ygvm[efwl\/ azmfjyyg ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeNyDjzpfaom
armif;ruefu AdkvfwJ eHywfwpfBuD;udk uRefawmfwkdU þAdkvfwJrSm aeMupOfyif? ol2500d-
ESifh 0,fvdkuf\/ xm;0,fNrdKUay:oGm;í pmcsKyfpmwrf;awG vkyfvdkuf\/ xdkpOfrSm olonf
0w¬Krsm;omru ]tausmftarmf} ]zdk;NyKH;csKd}paom &kyf&SifZmwfñTef;awGyg atmifjrifae
ojzifh aiGawGazmjcif;aomjcif; &ae\/ ol\Zmwm wufaeqkH;tcsdefjzpf\/
'DAdkvfwJBuD; 0,fr,fqdkawmh uRefawmfu...
]cifAsm;Asm...'DysufpD;aewJU[mBuD; bmvkyfzdkUvJ? romBuD; 0,f,lwmeJU twlwl aygh....}
][..'DromBuD;u tarG&rSmarmifaqG&...}
]b,fvdk vkyf&rSmwkef;? 'DAdkvfwJBuD;atmuf ajrBuD;xJrSm&wemodkuf&Sdw,frsm;
tdyfruf&vdkUvm;...}
]rif;[mu ArmtawG;bJ}
]uJAsm...bdvyfu jyefvmcgp bdvyfom; tawG;ygvmwJUvlBuD;u ajymprf;ygtkH;..}
]bdvyfom; tawG;vdkU rif;ajymwmrrSm;bl;? igpdwful;&wmu 'DvdkuG}
]qdkprf;...}
olUrsufvkH;jyL;us,fus,fBuD;udk NzJwJUum....
]iguyxr 'DAdkvfwJa[mif;BuD;udk zsufypfvdkufr,f...}
]cifAsm;...rzsufvJ olU[mol NydKusaeygNyDAsm...}
]em;axmiftkH;av...aemufNyD;awmhrS 'DNcHxJrSm tJ'DvdktBuD;BuD;wvkH;xJ r[kwfzJ
i,fi,fvSvS acwfqefqefav;awG ig;vkH; ajcmufvkH;avmuf aqmufvdkufr,f}
]bk&m;...bk&m;..'Davmuf AdkvfwJawGaqmufNyD; cifAsm;u bmvkyfrSmvJ}
]iSm;pm;rSmayghuG...}
]atmifr,fav;...cifAsm;...AdkvfwJb,folu vmNyD;iSm;aerSmwkef;? usKyfawmhtck
vmrdwmawmif rSm;vSNyDxifaewm wuwJ aps;eJUa0;? vleJUoleJUa0;? pm;aomufukefaps;
EIef;uvJ BuD;yghAsm? ig;wckbJ wHigavSem;oGm;0,fvdkU aygwm&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh yifv,f
ig;awG uRefawmfawmh pmvdkUrBudKufaygifAsm? armif;ruefaps; oGm;0,fawmh Muufaps;?
0ufaps;uvJ BuD;ygbdoeJU? &efukefxufydkaewm b,fESdyfrvJAs}
olonf uRefawmfajymwmawG ayem;axmifaeNyD;aemuf...
]rif;ajymwmu 'DrSm tajcwusaebdkUtwGufzJ}
]at;av;...cifAsm;...AdkvfwJiSm;&r,fqdkawmh tajcwusraevdkU bmvkyfzkdUwkef;}
]r[kwfzl;uG? Oa&mywdkif;jynfawGu 'Dvdkqdyfurf;omawGrSm 'Dvdktdrfuav;awG
aqmufNyD; iSm;pm;Muw,f? veJUr[kwfzl;? w&ufb,favmuf? wywfb,faps;EIef;qdkNyD;
odyf0ifaiGaumif;wmuG}
]b,fvdkvlawGu vmiSm;aeMuwmwkef;}
]&kH;ydwf&uf a[mvD;a';&wJU vlawG? nm;pvifr,m; [efeD;rl;xGufwJUtcgrsKd;awG ayghuG}
]Oa&my wdkif;jynfawGawmh [kwfrSmayghav...usKyfwdkUArmjynfawmh cifAsm;AdkvfwJ rsKd;
vmiSm;aer,fh vlpm;rsKd;rjrifao;bl;}
]rxifeJUuG 'Dvdkyifv,furf;ajcrSm ususee taqmuftOD;eJU ae&mxdkifcif; aumif;w,f?
tdk;cGufyef;uef toifh&Sdw,fqdk&if cPwjzKwf tyef;ajzvmaecsifwJU
vlawGaygvmvdrfhr,f? tJ'gudkvJ owif;pmawGxJ aMumfjimawG&kyfykHawG xnfh&r,f?
rif;wdkUigwdkU pma&;q&mawGuvJ 0w¬KxJ xnfha&;ay;&r,f}
wifhw,fum; xdkpdwful;jzifh armif;ruefAdkvfwJ eHywfwpfudk0,fcJU\/ odkU&mwGif
olUpdwful; taumiftxnfray:cJUay/ ,if;pdwful;rsKd;udk atmifjrifpGm &kyfvkH;azmfcJUol
um; Armhacwf OD;tkef;cif-a':'*kefcifcifav;wdkUjzpfí iyvD?
iyvDonf armif;ruefxuf om,m\/ vSy\/ vlaetdrfajcvnf;&Sd\/ aps;ESifh
vnf;eD;\/ ,ckqdka[mfw,fvJ&Sd\/
odkU&mwGif wESpfwcg aEG&moDrSmom AdkvfwJwkdUwGif vliSm;vmolwkdU&SdMuonf/
tjcm;&moDrSm vlapmifhyifiSm;xm;&ojzifh wifhw,fpdwful;uJUodkU pD;yGm;jzpfzdkUum; rudkuf
acs/
jrefrmjynfum; vifr,m;nm;wdkif; [ef;eD;rl;rxGufMuyg/ rdrdtvkyfcGifrS
&uftm;&olwdkif;vnf; Oa&myrSmuJUodkU yifv,furf;ajcodkU roGm;Muacs/ jrefrmjynfrSm
vnfp&mzl;p&m? wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;awG aygrsm;vS\/ EdkUNyD; usKyfwdkUjrefrmjynfrSmu
wnf;cdk&ef a[mfw,frvdkay/ rdwfaqGnmwumwkdU&Sdae\/ r&Sdbl;bJxm;tkH;? bkef;BuD;
ausmif;awG? Z&yfawGu tqifoifhygbJ? Oyrm usKdufxD;&dk;bk&m; oGm;MunfhayghAsm?
wnf;p&mZ&yfawGESifh xrif;qdkifawGuvnf; olwkdUqdkifrSm xrif;pm;&ifbJ tdyfp&mae&m
ay;vdkufao;Asm/
'gjrefrmjynf\ *kPfygwnf;/
uRefawmfwdkUvifr,m;vJ bdvyfjyefcgp udkwifhw,faus;Zl;ESifh armif;ruef
yifv,furf;ajcodkU [ef;eD;rl; xGufcJU&? toGm;a&mtjyefa&mawmh roufombl;AsKdU?
tjyefu ydkqdk;vSonf/
[ef;eD;rl;\ed*kH;
uRefawmfwdkU [ef;eD;rl;\ ed*kH;udk tjyefrSm xm;0,fjrpfu armfawmfESifhxGufcJUNyD;
yifv,f0rSm rwef;oabFmudk BudKae&if;bJ tqkH;owfygr,f/
'DtjyefrSmawmh q&mwifhw,fu uRefawmfwkdUeJU rygawmhbl;? yifv,fa&aMumif;
oGm;raumif;bl;qdkwm tvmc&D;uwnf;u olodoGm;onfESifh a0[ifu av,mOfESifh
<uawmfrloAs/ *kPf0if;wdkU vlodkufuvJ xm;0,frSm usefcJUMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh tjyefrSm
wifhw,fnD armifMunf&,f? uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;&,fbJ/
tJAsm? yifv,f0rSm rwef;oabFmBuD; rvmcifnaecif; avjyif;rkefwdkif;BuD; usvdkufwm
uRefawmfwkdU armfawmfuav;[m vIdif;avxJ rarSmuf&kHwr,fbJ vl;vdkuf
vdrfhvdkufykHrSmawmh tvmwkef;u rwef;oabFmBuD; yifv,fxJ0ifawmh vIdif;'PfrcHbl;
vdkU rl;Muw,fqdkwm bmrQrajymyavmufawmhbl;? uRefawmfwkdU[ef;eD;rl;&JU ed*kH;[m
tefNyD;rl;wJU rcsdqkH;vdkU qdk&rSmbJ/
rdk;awGu&Gm vQyfppfawGu vufoeJU armfawmftvHwdkif xdyfzsm;rSmvJ yifv,fwdkU
xkH;pHtwdkif; vQyfppf"mwfuvmuyfaeawmh tJ'gudk wcsKdUrdef;rBuD;awGu yifv,fpkef;wJU
cifAs/ pm;csifaomufcsifvdkU vmuyf&Smw,fqkdNyD; acgpmauR;wJUvleJU? wdkifudka,mif;reJU
acgufoleJU/
tJonfvdk olwkdUpdwfxif 'gawGvkyfMuaomfvnf; rkd;oufavxJrSm vQyfppf"mwf [m
raysmufao;bJaeawmh? uRefawmfwkdUvli,f vifr,m;ESpfa,muf? u,ku,ifaeMu wm
yifv,fpkef;u rBudKufwJUtwGuf a&mufvmwmvdkU olwkdUu pGyfpGJMujyefw,fcifAs/
pifppfawmhvJ uRefawmfwkdU[m yifv,fxJrSm avjyif;rkefwdkif;xvdkU vIdif;uykwf
armfawmfu vIyfaeawmh nm;pvifr,m;bJAsm? 'DvdktjzpfuvJ rBuKHbl;awmh aMumuf
aMumuf½GHU½GHUeJU wa,mufwa,muf ayGUayGUzufzufeJU ,k,k,,aerdMuayghoAs/ 'gudk
olwkdUu apmapmuwnf;u rsufpdqHyifarT;plxm;Mu[efwlyg&JU? tckavjyif;rkefwdkif;x
wm[m yifv,fpkef;aMumifh olrBudKufwmudk olUydkifeufxJrSm uRefawmfwkdUu jyKrdvdkU
tm;vkH; touftEå&m,fawG pdk;&drf&wJU tajca&mufaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUu
taetxdkif qifjcifum awmif;yefoifhw,fvdkU rdk;xJavxJ'ku©xJrSm olwkdUu uRefawmf
wkdUudk w&m;cHvkyfaeMuao;oAsm/
olwdkUbmbJ ajymaeMuaeMu? uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufrSmawmh wkH;vkH;vJaeMuNyD/
olwkdUajymwmem;u Mum;ayrifhvdkU vlawGu rvIyfEdkifMuawmhbl;/
pifppfyifv,f\ &moDOwk tHUMobG,faumif;onfum;? rdk;BuD;vJ&Gmaeonf/ avjyif;vJ
wdkufaeonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwudk,fvkH;rSm &TJ&TJpdkaeonf/ udk,furdk;aygufawG u
wazmufazmuf rSefaeonf/ odkUaomf at;jcif; csrf;jcif;r&SdbJ armfawmfudk yifv,f
vIdif;u ykwfawmh jrifhoGm;vdkuf edrfhqif;oGm;vdkuf ykcufudkvGJay;onfhES,f tdyfíaumif;
vdkufwmav/ eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufí aejcnfjyjyrSm &moDOwkuvnf; Nidrfouf
vdkU uRefawmfwdkU &TifysMunfvifpGm tdyf&mrSEdk;Muawmh rwef;oabFmBuD;onf uRefawmf
wdkU armfawmfteD;rSm a&mufaeacsNyDwnf;/
tcPf;(3)
uRefawmfESifhq&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;
NyD;cJUaom tcef;(2)a&;pOfu Zlvdkifv twGif;jzpf&m q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;enf;}[lí
q&mBuD; t&ufaomufykH aomufenf;ESifh rMumcPtpm;tpm NcdK;NcHenf;wkdUudk a&;pOfu
q&mBuD; ruG,fvGefao;/ q&mBuD;yg olUtaMumif;ol zwfpdrfhaomiSm &nf&G,fygonf/
odkUaomf zwfroGm;&&Smawmh? Mo*kwfv 10&ufaeU n7-em&DrSm vlBuD;a&m*gjzifh
vlwb0 Zmwfodrf;oGm;avNyD/
rEåav;rS &Ir0odkU? &Ir0rS uRefawmfhtdrfteD;&Sd udkazodef;tdrfodkU w,fvDzkH;quf jcif;jzifh
xdkn 9-em&DavmufrSmyif q&mBuD;uG,fvGefaMumif; uRefawmfodygonf/ odkU&m wGif
tavmif;ajrrcsrD uRefawmfrEåav;odkU oGm;&efum;? vm;vm;rQpdwfrul;Edkifyg/
aemuf 3-4&uftwGif; uRefawmfhudk awGU&SdMuaom pmaye,fu vlrsm;uvnf;
]tif;..cifAsm;q&mBuD;qkH;wm rEåav;udk roGm;bl;vm;}[k ar;Muygonf/ tcsKdUolwkdU
rsufESmü tHUMoaom t&dyfta&mifrsm;yif ay:Muygonf/ (,cka':BuD;pdk;qDu pm&awmh
rEåav;u rdwfaqGrsm;uvnf; arQmfMuaMumif; od&ygonf/) q&mBuD;ESifh tcspfcifqkH;
aom t&if;ESD;qkH;aom q&mBuD;\ om;wynfh[k wdkif;odjynfod aMunmxm;aom
uRefawmfu 'Dq&mBuD;&JU tokbudkrS roGm;bl;qdkawmh tHUMoolwkdU tHUMoxdkufMuygay
onf/ uRefawmfroGm;EdkifonfhtaMumif;um; uRefawmfhwGif &Sdaeyg\/ onftaMumif;
pOf;pm;vdkufawmh q&mBuD;udk uRefawmfyxrOD;qkH;tBudrf awGU&pOfwkef;u tcgumv
onf jyufjyufxifxif ay:vmygbdawmhonf/
1946-ckESpf? arvxJwGif uRefawmfharG;ozcif\ pDrHay;csuft& qeftdwf 200-
ESifhaygif;wnfNrdKUrS rEåav;NrdKUodkU oGm;&awmhrnfqdkaomtcgwGif uRefawmfh&ifxJrSm
w'dwf'dwf ckefavmufatmifyif 0rf;omvSygonf/ qefukefonfBuD;jzpfí vlcsrf;omvm
awmhrnf rdkUvm;wJU? r[kwfa&;cs r[kwf? uRefawmfjrif;vSnf;orm; b0uyif? &efatmif
&wempkHaxmuf0w¬Kudk txyfxyftcgcga&;&if;? MunfhjrifwdkifrS A[ef;odkU tvkyfoGm;
aom ol&d,OD;odef;armiftm; uRefawmfhjrif;vSnf;ESifh BuKHwdkif;tvum;wifvsuf
q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; taMumif;udk ar;jref;avh&Sdonf/ q&mBuD;onf rEåav;om;/ ppfjzpf
onfESifh tnmodkU jyefoGm;onf/ xdkrSwzef ,ckppfNyD;acwfrSm rEåav;vlxkowif;pmwGif
t,f'Dwm vkyfaeaMumif; od&ojzifh {uEå rEåav;a&muf&ifjzifh igMunfndKaewJU
q&mBuD;udk igawGU&awmhrSmbJ? igh&efatmif&wem pkHaxmuf0w¬Kav;udk q&mBuD;jy&
awmhrSmbJ[k wtm;cJcJ &Sdaejcif;aMumifh tESpfESpftvvu arG;jrLcJUaom qE´jynfh0
awmhrSmrdkU woufrS wcgpDom BuKH&wwfaom 0rf;omrIrsKd;udk uRefawmfcHpm;&jcif;jzpfyg
\/
rEåav;a&mufw,fqdk qeftdwfawGudk yGJ½kHrSmtyfNyD; tcGifhomonfESifh vlxk
owif;pmwdkufudkoGm;? ppfNyD;acwfrSm q&mBuD;\ yxrOD;qkH;xkwfaom ]tBuHOmPfjzifh
BuD;yGm;a&;}pmtkyf? puúLtcuftcJaMumifh (&av&m)a&mifpkH pm&GufawGESifh y-'-w 3tkyf
cGJ&dkufxm;onfudk 3d-pDESifh0,f? a&mif;oltrsKd;orD;tm; q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; ,ck
b,frSmaeovJ ar;..../
xdkpOfu touf 30 rQcefUrSef;&aom trsKd;orD;cyfacsmacsmum; vlxka':trmbJ
udkcifAs/ q&mBuD;\ a*[mudk aocsmpGmbJ nTefMum;vdkufyg\/
xdkUaMumifh q&mBuD;\ woufwm rSwfwrf;xJwGif uREkfyf\wynfhrsm;tcef;ü...
1/ aomfwmaqG
1946-ckESpfwGif 0ufvufrSrEåav;odkU ajymif;vmcJUí "g;wef;&yf? 0if;armif\ tdrfü
rSDcdkvsuf&SdpOf? waeUaomeHeufü vli,fwa,muf a&mufvm\/ uREkfyfonf olUudk
wBudrfrQ rjrifbl;onfhjyif ol\ udpöudkvnf; rcefUrSef;wwfonfESifh
tef;wef;wef;jzpfum ae&mxdkifcif; ay;av&m? oluvnf; &Jwif;aom trlt&mr&SdbJ
cyfwGHUwGHUESifhyif 0ifí xdkif\/ uRefyfu udpöudkar;aomtcg olu 0w¬Kwyk'f
a&;om;xm;aMumif; ¤if;udk uREkfyfu Munfh&Ijyifqifay;apvdkaMumif; ajymavonf/
tvkyftudkif? ae&yf? touft&G,fponfwdkUudk ar;jref;um pum;tenf;i,f
ajymMuNyD;aemuf uREkfyfu ol\pmrludk,lcdkif;vdkuf\/ aemufwacgufvmaomtcg
zdk;usifarmifonf pmrluav;ESifhtwl qefwtdwfvnf; ,lvm\/ tcsdeftwefukefaom
tvkyfudk vkyfay;&vQif vkyfc&csifaom uREkfyf\ 0goemudk0efcHí qeftdwfudkjrif&jcif;
aMumifh &kwfw&uf 0rf;omovdkvdk jzpfrdaomfvnf; þqeftdwftwGufaMumifh nHUzsif;
aom pmrlwckudk aumif;onf[k rajymrdapzdkU vdktyfjcif;udkvnf; owd&onfESifh
qeftdwfudk &dk;om;pGm jiif;y,frdygao;onf/ odkU&mwGif zdk;usifarmifu ]OD;BuD;
pm;&atmif apwemESifh ay;jcif;jzpfygonf}[k owif;ay;onfESifh vufcHvdkuf&\/
uREkfyfonf ol\pmrludk zwfzdkUtcsdefr&ao;aomfvnf;? zdk;usifarmif cPcPvmí
pum;ajymonfESifh pmrltaMumif; rod&ao;apumrl vludkrlum; wkd;íwdk;í oabmus
vmavNyD/ uREkfyfwckowdjyKrdonfum; zdk;usifarmifonf txifBuD;cHcsifí 0ifh<um;um
[dwfxkwfwwfaom vli,fwa,mufr[kwf? &dk;&dk;uav;wifjywwfolwa,muf
jzpfonf[k uREkfyftuJcwfrd\/ þtcsufonf olESifhuREkfyfa&SUtzdkUwGif Mum&Snfav;jrifh
qufqHí jzpfEdkifrnfh vli,fwa,mufjzpfaMumif; nTefjy\/
,if;um; q&mBuD;bufu uRefawmfhtay: tjrifjzpfí uRefawmfhbufu q&mBuD;tm;
Munfh&IcJUykHudkvnf; ,cktvsOf;oifhcdkufí azmfjy&ayawmhrnf/
"g;wef;&Sd aq;&kHtvkyform;rsm; uGmwma&SUü &xm;vkH;&yfapvsuf? uRefawmf
jrif;vSnf;ay:u qif;í? q&mBuD;emrnfudk ar;onfü? twGif;uxGufvmolrSm
a':BuD;pdk;jzpfyg\/
]q&mBuD; &Sdygw,f vmyg}[k ac:oGm;í twGif;odkU a&mufaomtcg? q&mBuD; onf
uRefawmf0ifaombufrS ab;wdkufcyfapmif;apmif;? a[mif;jrif;í nHUzsif;aom
pm;yGJukvm;xdkifESifh pma&;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ pkHaxmuf0w¬Ka&; q&mBuD;ESifh
pkHaxmuf0w¬Ka&;q&m jzpfcsifaewJUvlbJ? uRefawmfvJ aocsmpGmMunfh&Iwwfonfaygh/
xdkpOfu q&mBuD;\azmifwdefum;? tJAm;&Syf taumif;pm; rifvkH;tBuD;ti,fvkyfí
&aomuvpfuav;ESifh/ q&mBuD;pma&;ykHrSm azmufwdefudkvufnId;ESifh vufcv,fMum;
nSyfonf/ aemifrSm od&onfum;? vufnId;vufrMum; temjzpf&mrS tusifhygoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefü q&mBuD;onf pma&;q&mb0udk jyefvnfxlaxmifcgp? pD;yGm;a&;tm; jzifh
rjynfhpkHao;/ rsufrSefb,fbuf*dkif;onf usKd;aeí *dkif;jywfrSm csnfxm;aomBudK;ESifh
em;&GufrSm &pfywfxm;&onf/ q&mBuD;vufxJü rjywfqkyfudkifxm;wwfaom aq;wH
t&dk;rSm usKd;NyD; jyefwyfjzpfí wdkae\/ aq;tdk;uvnf; a[mif;jrif;í rGJajcmufygbd/
aq;wHudkufaom ae&mrSmvnf; atmufzufuaygufae\/ vufzuf&nfMurf;tdk;u
vnf; ajrtdk;rS EIwfoD;yJUBuD;/ ,ckyif uRefawmfhrsufpdxJ jrifa,mifrdao;onf/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf yxrtacgufrSm q&mBuD;\ tajctaeudkMunfhNyD;
'kwd,tacgufrSm qefwtdwf,loGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfh0w¬Kav;udkMunfh&Iay;&ef
[lír&nf&G,fyg/ pmaytm;jzifh uRefawmftifrwef MunfndKav;pm;aeaom q&mBuD;
tm; udk,fwwfEdkifaeaomtcgü uRefawmfþrQru ylaZmfuefawmh&ef apwemxm;NyD;
jzpfygonf/ odkUtwGuf uRefawmf qefukefonfb0 aygif;wnfESifh acgufu,fjyefu,f
ul;oef;í rEåav;wGif &SdaepOf tcGifhoihforQ q&mBuD;tdrf oGm;wdkif;oGm;wdkif;
pm;aomufzG,f&mawG rjywfaqmifusOf;cJUygonf/ aeUv,faeUcif;rSm aomufzdkUqdkvQif
bD,m? naetwGuf b&ef'D? 0DpuD xdkpOfuufpfbDacwfjzpfí taumif;pm;csnf;/
q&mBuD;ESifh uRefawmfonf t&ufuav;wjrjraomufí xrif;[if;aumif; BudKufykH
csif;wlnDvSonf/
xdkpOfü uRefawmfrSm (uomoGm;cgeD;) q&mBuD;\woufwm rSwfwrf;wGif
ygonfhtwdkif; (uREkfyfonf jrpfqdyfodkUqif;í olUudkEIwfquf&if; olaX;om;uav;ay
avm[k rk'dwmjzpfrdygao;onf)[k qdk&avmufatmif aiGaMu;udk azmazmoDoD okH;Edkif
oljzpfyg\/
,if;acwfu t*FvdyfaiG okH;av;aomif;rsm; wcgw&H aygif;wnfodkUjyefydkU&ef
tpdk;&aiGwdkuftcsdefrrDawmhí txkyfvdkufq&mBuD;\ tdyf&may:ypfwifvdkufum ]OD;BuD;
uRefawmfeufzefrS vm,lawmhr,f}[k ajymvdkufaomtcgwkdUwGif q&mBuD;u ]a[h
rif;aiGawG 'dkUokH;vdkuf&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJuG}[k ajymaomtcg uRefawmfu &uf&uf
a&ma&mBuD; ]OD;BuD;oabm&Sd}
xdkUaemuf uRefawmfuomujyefa&muf? zGwfjzpfNyD; pma&;q&maomfwmaqG b0
a&mufvmaomtcgü (þtcsufonf olESifhuREkfyfa&SUtdkUwGif Mum&Snfav;jrifh qufqHí
jzpfEdkifrnfh vli,fwa,mufjzpfaMumif; nTefjy\)[k q&mBuD;a&;cJUonfhtwdkif;yif
q&mBuD;ESifh uRefawmfonf rEåav;rSmvnf;aumif;? arNrdKUrSmvnf;aumif;? &efukefrSm
vnf;aumif;? Budrfzefrsm;pGm wtdrfwnf;twl (q&mBuD;tdrfrSm)aecJUbl;ay&m? aemufqkH;
cGJcGmvdkuf&onfuawmh q&mBuD;onf vkyfom;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyftvkyfrS xGufí
qif;'0pfvrf;? &Ir0wdkufa&SU&Sd tpdk;&wdkufcef;BuD;rS rEåav;NrdKUodkU
ajymif;a&TUoGm;onfwGif jzpfygawmh\/
,if;odkUjzifh q&mBuD; tedpö a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfrEåav;odkUromydkU roGm;
Edkifawmhonfum;? uRefawmftm; (&dk;&dk;uav; wifjywwfol)[k q&mBuD; a&;cJUonfh
twdkif; uRefawmfrSef&mudk ajym&vQifjzifh q&mBuD;aoqkH;NyD[k od&aomtcsdefrSm eufzef
reuf? uRefawmfhtdrfaxmiftwGuf qefbdk;rQ cJ,Of;aeaomaMumifhyg cifAsm;/
Munfhprf;yg OD;BuD;&,f...(OD;BuD;ajymcJUwJUtwdkif; OD;BuD;vm;&m jA[®mbkHubJaeNyD; 'Dpmudk
&Iygawmh/) OD;BuD;eJU uRefawmf pwifawGUpOfu OD;BuD;u rvdkcsifygbl;qdkwmawmif rS
uRefawmfokH;wif;0if qeftdwfBuD;udk twif;ay;cJUw,f/ tckOD;BuD;qkH;wJUtcsdefusawmh
vuf&Sd qefaps;eJU? uRefawmfh tdrfaxmif vl9a,mufpmtwGuf reufzefqefbdk;rQ cJ,Of;
aeygaomaMumifh OD;BuD;tokbudk uRefawmfrvmEdkifawmhygbl;cifAsm;..../
'gayr,fhvdkU &uftenf;i,f twGif;rSmbJ uRefawmfBudK;pm;yrf;pm; aiG&SmNyD;awmh
Mo*kwfv 25 &ufaeUu...
a':BuD;a&U....
cktcsdefrS uRefawmfvmvdkUvJ taMumif;rxl;awmhygbl;? onfawmh uRefawmf vmvdkU
ukefr,fhp&dwfudk a':BuD;udkbJuefawmhvdkufygw,f/ qdkNyD; uRefawmfpmwdkufuae NyD;
a':BuD;pdk;qDudk aiGw&m ydkUvdkufygw,f OD;BuD;a&..../
vGrf;qGwf owd&pGmESifh....
b0\ 'ku© okc/
1955-ckESpf? arESifhuRefawmf udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrf xlaxmifMuaomtcg uRefawmfh
rSefwrf;0ifaiGrSm &Ir0wGif 0w¬Kwdkwyk'f 300d-t[du@twGuf 300d? aygif; 600d-rS
,ciftdrfaxmif\ uav;p&dwf 250d-ay;í usefaiG 350d-rSm vifudk,fr,m;ESpfa,muf
xJaumif;aumif;BuD; okH;Edkifpm;Edkifygonf/ tjcm;r*¾Zif;rsm; a&;EdkifvQifvnf; tydk0ifa0G
&ao;onf/
xdkpOfu ukefaps;EIef;rsm;vnf; rBuD;rm;Mu/ ig;cl? ig;&HUESpfusyfcJG okH;usyf/
taumif;pm;ig;jrif; ig;Muif; ykZGefxkyfBuD;rsm;rS 5-usyf? Muuf-0uf-bJ-qdwf 5-usyf
ywfvnf? qDwydóm ESpfusyfcGJ/ ykH;vkH0,fEdkifvQif 24-usyf? q,fydómru tydkwGufvJ
&ao;onf/ ykH;cGHvJ&ao;onf/ tdk...tJonfwkef;u qDykH;cGH? a&eHykH;cGHqdkwmrsm; pum;xJ
xnfhajymraeMu/ MuufoGef tmvl; wydóm jym; 50-60/ &moDtavsmuf tvGef&Sm;
csdefrSjym; 70-80/ qeftaumif;pm; pyg;euf iuRJwwif; q,fhav;ig;usyf/ aumufopf
ay:cgeD; &Sm;yg;qkH;tcsdefrS 16d-17d/ wwif;,lvQif t&yfxJu ukefpkHqdkifrS tdrfay:
ta&mufvmydkU\/ EdkUqDoMum; ig;aowåmum; azmjcif;aomjcif;/ t0wftxnftwGuf
vnf; jyóemr&Sd/ uRefawmfhvkyfief;uvnf; aomfwmaqGa&;orQ ,lyg&apqdkaom
xkwfa0olawG toifh&SdaeMu\/
,if;odkUaom 0ifaiG? ,if;odkUaom acwftcgü arESifhuRefawmf nm;cJUMuav&m
pdwful;,Oftaysmfzwf 0w¬KrsKd;jzpfygrl olwdkUESpfa,muf ESpf&Snfvrsm; &nf;pm;xm;NyD;
aemuf cufcufcJcJawGU&ef zefwD;ay;vdkufNyDubJ/ ]arESifharmif}onf oufqkH;wdkif
aysmf&TifpGm aygif;oif;Muavownf;}[k tqkH;owfvdkufEdkifyg\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdU\ wu,fhb0um; ajrSmfvifhcsufBuD;pGmaom orD;&nf;pm; b0rS
vGefajrmufí 'ku©\tprQ &Sdao;\/
uRefawmfonf yxrtdrfaxmifwkef;u yxrt&G,f\ 'ku© ,ck'kwd,tdrfaxmif wGif
'kwd,t&G,f\'ku©abmifudk 0if&avNyD/
b0&SdorQum; 'ku©&Sd&rnf/ okcaum r&Sdbl;vm;wJU/ &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf þokc
qdkonfum; b0'ku©xJwGif acwårQ ay:vmwwfaom em;ae&m pcef;uav; rsm;wnf;/
Oyrmqdk&aomf uRefawmfwkdUonf c&D;&SnfoGm;MurnfqdkvQif tdyfpufaeem;&ef pcef;rsm;
&Sd&ayrnf/ b0c&D;xJrS okconf þtyef;ajzpcef;uav;ESifhomwlayonf/ Opömypönf;
qif;&Jcsrf;omra&G; vkyfief;BuD;i,fr[l? olUb0c&D;rSm olU'ku©ESifh olUokcESifhom jzpfacs
onf/ olawmif;pm;rSmvnf; olawmif;pm;\'ku©ESifh olawmif;pm;\okc&Sd\/ olaX;rSm
vnf; olaX;\'ku©ESifh olaX;\okc&Sd\/
olaX;\ 'ku©okcESifh olawmif;pm;\ 'ku©okcwkdUonf ykHpHcsif;awmh rwlMuacs/ odkUaomf
cHpm;rIuawmhtwlwlbJjzpf\/ Oyrmav;ig;&mwef pm;aomufyGJBuD;ESifh olaX;
BuD;xrif;Nrdefjcif;onf jym;av;ig;q,fbdkESifh olawmif;pm;xrif; Nrdefjcif;ESifh
rjcm;em;yg/ avat; pufcef;wGif tdpufnufanmaom zJarGU&may:ü olaX;BuD;
tdyfaysmfaejcif; onf vrf;ab;yvufazmif;ay:ü olawmif;pm;tdyfaejcif;ESifh rjcm;yg/
vlwa,muf pm;aumif;wmcsif;? tdyfaumif;wmcsif; twlwlbJ jzpfyg\/ pm;r0if
tdyfraysmfwmcsif;vJ twlwlbJjzpfyg\/
,if;odkUvQif vlwef;pm;toD;oD;wkdUonf udk,fhb0wGif udk,fh'ku©udk,fhokcawG
waxGaxGESifh udk,fhb0udk,f ckHrifaeMujcif; jzpfMuygukefownf;/
uarÁmZc&D;
vGefcJUaom 1955-ckESpf aEG&moDwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf armif;ruefodkU oGm;cJUMu NyD/
,ck 1956-ckESpf aEG&moDrl ar\ZmwduarÁmZXmeD awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf awmifBuD;NrdKU odkU
oGm;&ef pDrHMuonf/
awmifBuD;wGif ar\aqGrsKd;rdbrsm; &SdMuaomfvnf;? xdkpOfu aronf &efukefodkU
ausmif;oGm;aepOf ynmroifrlí Muif,mwvif,lol uRefawmfhtm;om;r,m; &SdvsufESifh
azmufjym;um aemufwr,m;,lol[k vlqdk;pm&if;wGif wifoGif;xm;Muí uRefawmfwkdUudk
vufoifhrcHMuao;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf awmifBuD;rSma[mfw,fwGif wnf;cdk&rnf/
okdUr[kwf tdrfwvkH;iSm;ae&rnf/ xdkUaMumifh þc&D;twGuf aiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; vdkjyef
avonf/
odkUaomf xdkpOfu aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk uRefawmfrrIyg/ aomfwmaqG bkef;rD;aev
awmufyaecsdefjzpfí pmtkyfwdkufwckckwGif uRefawmfh0w¬K&SnfvkH;csif; b,favmufwef
a&ay;rnf/ p&HaiG tckb,favmufay;yg[lí awmif;,lEdkifonf/ xdkUtjyif xdkpOfrSm
jr0wDr*¾Zif;wdkufu aomfwmaqGvdkvQif BudKwifaiG 500d-wdwd aiGpm&if;Xmeuxkwf
ay;yg? onfxufydkvQif txufodkU taMumif;Mum;yg[laom trdefU&Sdaeonf/ odkUaomf
þaiGay;NyD; pmrlwiifiif awmif;cHaernfhaiGrsKd;udk uRefawmfrvdkcsifyg/ p&H,laom
tusifhvnf; uRefawmfhwGifr&Sdyg/
xdkUaMumifh 0w¬Kwyk'fxJESifh aiGeifhueJaeatmif&aom &kyf&Sifbufudk uRefawmf vSnfhonf/
,if;umv0,f uRefawmfhtdrfuav;odkU vma&mufaomufpm;aysmfyg;aeMuolrsm; xJwGif
xdkacwfuatmifaZ,s&kyf&Sif ukrÜPDydkif&Sif OD;aomif;pdefvnf; yg0ifav&m wnaecif;ü
aomufMupm;Mu&if;...
]udkaomif;pdef cifAsm; uRefawmfhqDu &kyf&Sif&dkufzdkU 0w¬KZmwfvrf;wyk'f rvdkcsif bl;vm;}
udkaomif;pdefu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJjzifh...
][m...wyk'fru vdkcsifwmayghAsm? cifAsm;u pma&;q&m? uRefawmfu &kyf&kyfxkwf vkyfol?
udkaqGUudk uRefawmfaygif;awmh tJ'D &nf&G,fcsufvJ ygwmayghAs}
]'gjzifh uRefawmftck Zmwfvrf;wyk'f ajymjyr,fav? BudKuf&ifp&HaiGwaxmifay; yg?
rBudKufao;&if aemufwyk'fajymjytkH;r,f}
udkaomif;pdefu ]tdkau}[kqdkvdkufí usefvlrsm;uvnf;
][m...[efuswmbJ? usKyfwdkUvJ t&ufaomuf&if; 0w¬KZmwfvrf; em;axmif& awmh
Zdrfaygh}
þyGJwGif zqyv trwfvkyfcJUbl;ol OD;aX;<u,fESifh yrnwtrwf jzpfcJUbl;ol
OD;uHnGefU (qdwfjzL)vJygayonf/
,if;odkUjzifh uRefawmf&kyf&Sif &dkufEdkifatmif wrif&nf&G,fí pdwful;xm;aom
Zmwfvrf;wyk'fudk ajymjy&m em;axmifoltm;vkH;vnf; BudKufí udkaomif;pdefvnf;
tvGefoabmusum....
]BudKufNyD-BudKufNyD-udkaqGeufzef uRefawmfaiGwaxmif,lcJUawmhr,f}
udkaomif;pdefudk aiGta&;wBuD;awmif;&wm uRefawmftm;emygw,fAsm a[m'D rt0Smu
awmifBuD;jyefNyD; aEG&moDwvavmuf aecsifw,f ajymaevdkUAs}
][m...aEG&moDawmifBuD; aumif;wmayghASm/ cifAsm;wdkUoGm;ESifh? uRefawmfawmif
vmEdkif&ifvmcJUtkH;r,f? aiGtwGufawmh pdwfcs? eufzef uRefawmf,lcJUr,f? uJ..cifAsm;wkdU
oGm;bdkUom pDpOfMuaya&mh}
xdkpOfu &kyf&SifxkwfvkyfolESifh 0w¬KZmwfvrf;wGif bmjyóemrQ r&Sdacs/ udk,fBudKuf&m
Zmwfvrf; udk,fhoabmtwdkif; &dkufaya&m/ xdkUaMumifh pma&;q&m wa,muftzdkUvnf;
udk,fhZmwfvrf;twGuf bmtcuftcJrQr&Sday/ vdkcsifolBudKufvQif udpöNyD;ae\/
t*Fvdyfjy'óg;
uRefawmfwkdU c&D;xGuf&ef jyifqifNyD;MuonfrSm {NyDvqef; xdkpOfu zqyv tpdk;&ESifh
aomif;usef;ola&mifpkHwdkUacwfjzpfí rD;&xm;vrf;wkdUonf aeUomarmif;0HUvsuf nrSm
pdwfrcs&/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUonf av,mOfysHESifhoGm;Mu&ef pdwful;onf/ odkUaomf
xdkouú&mZf 1956-ckESpfonf ygvDreftpdk;&\ wwd,ajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJBuD;
vkyfcgeD;aeí olwdkUygwD0ifawGom O'[dkoGm;vmaeMujcif;jzifh uRefawmfwkdUtaeESifh
av,mOfysHem;ruyfEdkif/
xdkUaMumifh rD;&xm;ESifhbJ oGm;ygawmhrnf[k {NyDv 9-&ufaeUrSm txufwef; vufrSwf
oGm;,lum 13-&ufaeUxGufr,fh &xm;rSbJ &cJUawmhonf/
][,f...'D&ufoGm;&vJ renf;bl;[JUqdkNyD; 0rf;omtm;&eJUjyeftvm? tdrfvJa&muf a&m
ra&Taruqlygava&mAsm/
oBuFeftusaeUBuD; jzpfaevdkU atmufarhygovm;/ r[kwfyg usKyfZeD;u uarÁm
Z&Srf;pyfayr,fh t*Fvdyfpmwwfc&pf,efr jzpfavawmh t*Fvdyfjyó'g; 13-&ufjzpfae
vdkUwJUAsm/
uRefawmfuawmh jrefrmjyó'g;aeUawmif trIrxm;wJUtaumif jzpfavawmh
'gawGowdrrlcJUbl;/
]armif[m tm;BuD;nHUwmbJ? 'D&ufrSm 'djyifvlawGroGm;MuvdkU 'DaeUudk armif&vm
wmjzpfrSmbJ}
]ig...'grodbl;vuGm? eufzefxGufr,fh &xm;u par;wmbJ? tJ'DaeUrS &w,fqdkvdkU
,lcJU&wmbJ}
]wu,fqdkarmifu q,fhESpf&ufaeUr&&if q,fhokH;&ufaeUBuD;awmh roGm;csifbl;?
q,fhav;&ufaeUrSqdkNyD; w&ufausmf,lvmbdkU aumif;wm}
][m...'Dq,fhokH;*Pef; raumif;bl;qdkwmu t*FvdyfvlrsKd;t,lyguG? tarausmf
a'G;awmfvGrf;raeprf;ygeJU? 'dkUjrefrmrSm &uf&mZm jyó'g;awG&Sdygw,f? rSef;wGufMunfh&
atmif}qdkNyD; yu©'defudkMunfhí...]tif; {NyDv q,fhokH;&ufrSm jrefrmvdk wefcl;vqef;
av;&uf? aomMumaeU? (wefcl;omvS? xGef;yuqkef)qdkawmh 'D{NyDv q,fhokH;&uf
aomMumaeU[m &uf&mZmAs? uJ...}
]tdk...'DjrefrmtwGufawG arrodbl;av? arwkdUt*FvdyfpmoifcJU&awmh 'Dq,fhokH;
*Pef;raumif;bl; qdkwmomem;vnfcJUwmbJ}
]tvum;yguGm....pdwfxJpGJrxm;ygeJU? Oyg'gefaMumifh Oyg'fa&mufwwfygw,f}
þpum;onf rSefwwfavonf/ taMumif;rSm þ13&uf &xm;xGufrnfhaeUreuf
uRefawmfwkdUtm; blwmodkUydkU&ef udkaomif;pdef\um;onf olU'&dkifbmESifh nOD;uyif
uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm vmtdyfrnfqdkNyD;? ,ck eHeuf 5csufwD;onfwdkifatmif a&mufrvm
acs/
Oyg'gefESifh Oyg'f
uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;rSm olwkdUarmfawmfum;? nOD;u udpöBuD;i,f&Sdí rvmEdkif
onfjzpfNyD;? ,ckeHeufapmapmawmh tcsdefrDvmvdrfhrnf[k wGufqum eHeuf 4-em&dxdk;
uwnf;u tdyf&mrSxí jyifqifxm;Mu\/
rD;&xm;um; &efukefblwmBuD;rS 6-em&DwdwdwGif xGufrnfjzpf\/ uRefawmfwkdU tdrf 7-
rdkifrS blwmBuD;odkU rdepf 20ESifh a&mufatmif tjrefarmif;,l&rnf/
uRefawmfonf em&DwMunfhMunfh tdrfa&SUwarQmfarQmfESifh 5em&DcGJavawmh...&ifxJ
xdwfpjyKavNyD/
rda&Tarum; t*Fvdyf 13&ufudk &dk;r,fzGJUum uRefawmfhtm;qlavNyD/
]uJ....ajymw,frIwfvm;? 'D 13 &ufraumif;ygbl;qdkwm? tckb,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}
]apmifhygtkH;av...tcsdef&Sdygao;w,f? blwmudk 'Duae 15rdepfavmufwif a&mufwmbJ}
]tckES,f olwkdUum;a&mufvmawmif b,favmufuoDvifwEdkifrvJ? blwm a&muf
vufrSwfvJtkH;rSmeJU? wGJ&SmNyD;ypönf;awG wif&tkH;rSmeJU
]'DtajcusrSawmh jzpfovdkvkyf&awmh rSmayghuGm...? acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg}
odkUESifh 5em&D 35rdepfu vufwHpGef;avaomf rda&Taronf aqmifhaqmifhatmifh atmifhESifh
xdkif&mrS xoGm;NyD;...
]vmawmhrSmrIwfygbl;? ckES,frSoGm;vJ rSDawmhrSm rIwfzl;} qdkvsuf tdrfa&SUtoifh
xkwfxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udk tdrfxJw'kH;'kH; jyefoGif;aeygawmhonf/
uRefawmfvnf; pdwfavsmhí yufvufukvm;xdkifay: acGaysmhaysmhxdkifae&mrS...
]a[h....ckawmh ajz;ajz;ayghuGm? xm;ygtkH;? igoGif;ygr,f}
]ajz;ajz;vkyfraeeJU? rdk;vif;vmNyD ypönf;awG xkwfNyD;rSum;rvmvdkU roGm;&wm
olrsm;jrifawmh &Sufp&mBuD;}
]rif;ES,fuGm...rqdkifwm? udk,fh[mudk,f 'ku©a&muf&wJU txd olrsm;twGufyg xnfhNyD;
tqpf&Suf&tkH;r,fvdkUbJ... rdef;rrsm; BuHBuHzefzef}
]tdk...(eufzefreufawmh usrwdkUudk &SifwkdUawGU&awmhrSm r[kwfzl;? tdrfaomhcwf
xm;wmbJ jrif&awmhr,f)vdkU tdrfeD;yg;em;awGudk EIwfqufxm;wm&Sifh}
][JU...EIwfqufxm;wmaum udk,ftqifrajyvdkU roGm;Edkifwm? udk,fursif;ausm xwmrS
r[kwfwm? &Sufp&mvm;uG...}
]uJ...aiGay;xm;NyD;jzpfwJU 'DvufrSwfawG twGufuaum b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ?
a&mh...tckoGm;NyD; aiGjyefawmif;acs}
][...&rvm;[...'grsKd;u wHwm;ysufvdkU &xm;rxGufjzpfrSom jyef&wmudk ig..'Du
bwfpfum;eJU oGm;vdkU...blwmBuD;a&mufr,fh tcsdefrSm &xm;u
xGufoGm;wm'g;ydefavmuf a&mufaea&mhr,f}
]'gjzifh 'DaiGqkH;&awmhr,faygh? tJ'g oli,fcsif;aumif;usKd;bJ? wuúpD atmf'gvkyf xm;&if
'DvdkjzpfrSm r[kwfzl;? armfawmfum;&SdwJU armifholi,fcsif;awG[m wa,mufrS
pum;rwnfbl;? t&ifESpfa,mufwkef;uvJ 'DvdkbJa*smufcsbl;NyD r[kwfvm;}
olajymwm[kwf\/ wOD;uwifhw,f/ wOD;u trwfudkaX;<u,f? wifhw,fu....
(1956ckESpfrSm &kyf&Sif'g&dkufwmtjzpfESifh um;&dkufaeNyDjzpfí)vGefcJUaom wydkUwGJvqef;
w&ufaeUeHeufu &Ir0OD;ausmf\arG;aeU xreJyGJoGm;&ef um;ESifhvmac:rnfqdkNyD;?
ay:vmawmfrrl/ udkaX;<u,fuvnf; waeU&kyf&SifMunfh&ef vmac:rnfcsdefxm;NyD;tcsdef
vGefrS owd&owJU/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu toHcyfaysmhaysmhESifhbJ...
]uGm...udk,fhqE´rjynfhwdkif;vJ wzufom;udk tjypfrwifygeJU? tck...armifpOf;pm; wmu?
aiGay;NyD;om;udpöudk roGm;&ifrjzpfwm udkaomif;pdefodw,f? 'geJUolUpum;twdkif;
rvmEdkifwmu? olUrSm 'dkU[mxuf ta&;BuD;wJU udk,fa&;udk,fwm udpö&Sdaeíaomf
vnf;aumif;? odkUr[kwf olnOD;ut&ufrl;NyD; um;csif;wdkufrdvdkU um;ysufoGm;onf
vnf;aumif;? olaq;&kHa&mufaeonfvnf;aumif;? jzpfEdkifw,fuG..}
]t&ifESpfa,mufwkef;uvJ armif'DvdkajymwmbJ}
]'gu udk,fcsifhw&m; vlvlcsif; wefbdk;xm;NyD; jzpfEdkifoavmuf pOf;pm;&wmaygh uG?
a[m...aemhNyD;...} uRefawmf&kwfw&uf owd&í wckjzpfEdkifwmu 'DaeU&xm;rxGufEdkif wm
oltaotcsmodvdkUrvmbJ aewmvJ jzpfEdkifw,fuG}
xdkpOfumvu aomif;usef;olawGvufcsufESifh þodkUvJjzpfwwfonf/
]'Dvdkqdk&if arwdkUpdwfat;&atmif olU'&dkifbmjzpfjzpf nuwJvmNyD; ajymcdkif;bkdU
aumif;w,f}
]'gawmhuGm...'dkUodaeyvm; atmufarhvdkU? 'grSr[kwf tck reufapmapm a&mufvmNyD;
'dkUtxkyftydk;jyifxm;wm MunfhNyD;usDp,fcsifvdkUvJ jzpfEdkifw,fuG? udkaomif;
pdefaysmfwwfwmvJ rif;odom;eJU...}
þodkUajymaepOf tdrfa&SUrSmum;rD;a&mifxdk;vmojzifh....
]a[m ajymwkef;qdkwkef; vmya[h}
uRefawmf vufuem&Dudk Munfhvdkufaomf 6-em&Dxdk;&ef rdepf 20-vdkawmhojzifh
uRefawmfawG;awmcsuf rSefNyD[k wGufqum NyKH;NzD;NzD;BuD; um;ay:rS qif;vmaom
udkaomif;pdefrsufESmudk Munfhí...
]b,fhES,fvJq&mBuD;? 'DuaeU &xm;rxGufjzpfzl;r[kwfvm;}
þwGif udkaomif;pdefonf eudkujyL;aomrsufvkH;rsm;udkNzJí...
][if...[kwfvm;? usKyfwkdUnu udk;,dk;um;,m;jzpfvdkU tckreufrS BudK;pm;yrf;pm;
vmwmAsm}
,if;ü uRefawmfh&if w'dwf'dwfckefum...
]tdk;...tdk;...&xm;rxGufjzpfwm uRefawmfodvdkUr[kwfygbl;? cifAsm;wdkU ckrSvmwm udk
aumufNyD; txifeJUajymwm}
][m...'Dvdkqdkb,fhES,frxGufjzpf&rSmwkef; vmwifMu ,lp&mawG}
][m...ckrSqdk&xm; rSDygtkH;rvm;As}
]b,fESpfem&D &SdNyDrdkUvJ}
udkaomif;pdefonf em&Dr&Sdawmhacs/ raeUu olESifhuRefawmf NrdKUxJavQmuf aomufMu&if;
tjyefü (udkaomif;pdefem&Dqdkif wckckarmif;prf;Asm? uRefawmfhrSm em&Dr&Sd bl;?
vufywfem&DwvkH;awmh 0,foGm;tkH;rSbJ)qdkawmh olu (Armjynfu em&DawG
raumif;ygbl;Asm? 'DrSm uRefawmf pifumylu pdwfBudKuf0,fvmwJUem&D? cifAsm;,loGm;Asm}
[k qdkí cRwfay;vdkufjcif;jzifh ,ckuRefawmfhvufa&mufae\/
uRefawmfu ,if;em&DudkMunfhí...
]6-em&D xdk;bdkU 19rdepfyJ vdkawmhw,fAs? &xm;u 6-em&DxGufrSm rrSDEdkifawmhbl;
xifw,f}
][m...rrSD rSDatmif uRefawmfarmif;ay;r,fAs? vm...ypönf;awG tjrefwifMu?
uRefawmfnu um;rvGwfEdkifwm cGifhvTwfMuAsm? nu rdwfaqGwa,muf rl;NyD;um;
arSmufwJU udpöaMumifh em&DjyefwcsufrS tdrfjyefa&mufvdkUAs...}
pdwfuawmh rSDr,fw,fNyD; rxifacs/ odkUaomf aemufqkH;jyefvm&kHbJaygh[k
wwfEdkifoavmuf tjrefqkH;wifMuavonf/
tm;vkH;wifNyD;í um;pufEId;umrS a':a&TarvufayGUtdwfxJwGif rD;&xm;aiG ay;xm;aom
ajypmjzwfydkif;&SmrawGUí url;&SL;xdk;jzpfMuao;onf/
'Davmuf tcsdefvkae&onfhtxJ tdrfaomhcavmuf jyefzGifhawmhvnf; pdwfaZmu BuD;aeí
vG,fvG,fESifh aomhaygufxJaomhxdk;r&/ yGifhNyD; txJa&mufjyefawmh (xdktdrfav;
rD;roG,f&ao;í) rD;cspfu rD;jcpfvdkU awmfawmfESifh rawmuf? aemufqkH;rS a':a&Tar
uRefawmfhtm;pdwfvkyfNyD; (a&mh'DvufrSwfawG aiGjyefawmif;acs)[kqdk&if;? olUvufayG
tdwfxJrS olxkwfaomae&m? uRefawmfhyufvuf ukvm;xdkifab;rSm awGU&onf/
olU uRefawmfqGJxkcsifpdwf aygufvmonf/
um;pxGufaomtcgü uRefawmfhvufywfem&DrSm 6em&dxdk;&ef 16rdepfomvdkawmh onf/
udkaomif;pdef udk,fwdkifum;udk tjrefqkH;armif;avonf/
uRefawmfu ]b,fhES,fvJ? rSDrSvJvkyfaemf? odyfarmif;aevdkU blwmra&mufcif
usKyfwdkUum;arSmufvdkU 'ku©a&mufaeMutkH;r,f}
ukdaomif;pdefuawmh bmrQrajym? olU'&dkifbm udkpdef0if;u tjyifbuftvif; a&mifudk
MunfhNyD;...
]rSDygw,fq&m? t&ifrEåav; OD;wifhwdkU tjyefuRefawmfvdkufydkUwkef;u 'Dtcsdefyg bJ}
]at;...rSDawmh rSDNyD; uRefawmfwkdUta&mufeJU &xm;txGufeJU...}
udkaomif;pdefu ]'Dvdkqdk uRefawmf*gwfAdkvfqD ajy;NyD; &xm;&yfcdkif;ay;r,fAsm}
aemufxyfb,folrS bmpum;rSrajymawmhacs/ *smrefabmufpf0uf*Gef; um;ykjywf
jywfuav;onf &efukefjynfvrf;rBuD;rSm tjrefEdkifqkH;ajy;aeayonf/ uRefawmfhvufu
em&DudkMunfhae\/ 6em&Dxdk;&ef 10 rdepftvdkrS 9rdepf 8rdepf 7rdepf 6rdepf 5rdepf 4rdepf
3rdepf 2rdepf/ xdktcsdefrS uRefawmfwkdU uGrf;NcHukef;blwmBuD;em; csOf;uyfrdí em&dpifu
em&DBuD;udk uRefawmfvSrf;NyD; MunfhvdkufrdawmhrS uRefawmfh&ifxJu tvkH;BuD; 0kef;ueJ
usoGm;ayawmh\/
taMumif;rSm rD;&xm;em&DBuD;onf 6em&Dxdk;&ef rdepf20 vkH;vkH;BuD; vdkaeavao;
onfwum;/
uRefawmfhrSm tm;&0rf;omaom toHBuD;ESifh....
]atmifr,fav; udkaomif;pdef? blwmem&DBuD;u ta0;BuD;vdkao;wmAs? a[m'D cifAsm;
uRefawmfhay;wJU em&Dujrefaewm}
um;udk *dwfxkd;&yfvdkuf&if;...
][m...uRefawmfhem&D tcsdeftifrwef rSefwmAs? b,fhES,fjrefae&rvJ? uRefawmf 0,fcJUwm
ig;ESpf&SdNyD}
(,ckwdkif þem&DuRefawmfhqDrSm&Sdae&m þpma&;csdefxd uRefawmfhvufxJrSm 17ESpf?
udkaomif;pdef okH;cJUwm5ESpfESifh 22 ESpf&SdNyDjzpfaom þa&Ta&mif em&Dav;onf vSwkef;
aumif;wkef;yif) ,if;em&Dudk tjypfwifrday&m udk,fh[mudk,fawG;rdrS uRefawmfh acgif;
uRefawmfzaemifhESifh aygufcsifawmh\/
][m...'guRefawmfhtjypfyJAs? c&D;oGm;bdkU pdwfuapmNyD;awmh nOD;wkef;u bkef;BuD;
ausmif;u ausmufpnfESufwJU em&DoHeJU oGm;wdkufxm;rdwmAs}
þrS udkaomif;pdefvnf; pdwfat;oufomjzpfoGm;um
]atmifr,fav; jzpfrSjzpf&av udkaqG&m}
]þwGifuRefawmfhZeDd;rbdkqefu...
]'gbmrSr[kwfzl;? q,fhokH;&ufaeU aumif;usKd;bJ}
]arh[muvJ rqdkifvdkufwmuGm? uJ...igu em&Djrefxm;vdkufrdNyDxm;? udkaomif;pdef um;
nOD;uxJu a&mufae&if bm'Dvdk jzpfzdkU&SdovJ}
]'gu ra&mufEdkifatmif zefwD;xm;NyDudkarmif&JU}
]b,folu zefwD;xm;wmvJ}
]taMumif;tusKd;uaygh}
]'gjzifh udkaomif;pdef rdwfaqG um;arSmuf&wmvJ 'dkUq,fhokH;&ufaeU c&D;xGufwJU
udpöaMumifh jzpfaeyga&mvm;? tJ'Dvlrsm; ao&if 'dkUw&m;cHaygh}
uRefawmfwkdUonf at;at;aq;aq;yif &xm;wGJwGif udk,fhtcef;xJudk,fa&muf Muí
tm;vkH;ypönf;awG aexm;wus vkyfMuNyD;onfwdkif? &xm;xGuf&ef 15 rdepfrQ
vdkao;ojzifh udkaomif;pdefu...
]vmAsm..udkaqG? cke pdwfarm&wmawG ajyoGm;atmif 0DpuD 0rf;ywfpDavmuf armhMupdkU}
xdkpOfu crf;em;oefUjyefUvSaomrD;&xm; a[mfw,fonf uRefawmfwkdU taomuf
orm;rsm;tm; tcsdefra&G; qD;BudKvsufyif/
ukvm;pum; em;axmifnm;
xdkpOfu rD;&xm;wkdUonf nrckwfrlí uRefawmfwkdUpD;vmcJUaom '*kefa&Tref;pmydkU
BuD;onf awmifilwGif wntdyfNyD;? {NyD 14-&ufaeU rGef;wnfhtcsdefrSm ompnfodkUqdkuf
onf/ ompnfuavm&xm; &SdonfESifh a&mufa&mufcsif;bJ &xm;ajymif;&onf/ uavm
NrdKUrSm xdkntdyfrnf/ ]a[mfw,fuavm}wGif wnf;cdkMurnf pdwful;onf/
odkUaomf ¤if;&xm;ay a&mufonfü tawmfyifvla&vnfaom ukvm;wa,muf ESifh
pum;pdyfrd&mwGif...
]atmifrm...cifAsm;wkdUuavmrS bmvdkUtdyfaervJAs? blwmrSm awmifBuD;oGm;r,fh
bwfpfum;awG vmBudKaewm&Sdw,fAs? wcgxJ qufNyD;pD;vdkuf&kHaygh}
þwGifol\ arG;&yfXme a&mufcsifaZm xefaeaom ra&Taru 0rf;omtm;& jzpfum....
]'Dvdkqdk [efuswmaygharmif? nwGif;csif;bJ awmifBuD;a&mufwmaygh}
]a&mufwmawmh [kwfygNyD? vrf;c&D;u pdwfcs&JUvm;}
ukvm;....]atmifr,fav; usaemfwkdU &Srf;jynfbmrSrjzpfygbl;Asm? ckvdk oBuFefwGif;
qdkomNyD; pdwfcs&ao;w,f? Ak'¨bmomawGu 'DvdktcgBuD; &ufBuD;awGrSm raumif;wm
rvkyfzl;As}
atmifr,fav; ukvm;ubJ w&m;jyaeacsNyD/ uRefawmfwkdU pD;aomtxufwef; wGJrSm
tm;vkH; 4-a,muf&Sdonfhteuf tjcm;c&D;onf jrefrmppfAdkvfuvnf; axmufcH ojzifh
uRefawmfwkdU ,cknbJ awmifBuD;wuf&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkufavonf/
armwdkUXmeD
uRefawmf&Srf;jynf rD;&xm;udk pD;bl;onfrSm þtBudrfonf 'kwd,tacgufjzpf\/
odkUaomf yxrtacgufwkef;url c&D;qkH;r[kwfay/ 1954-ckESpf arESifhuRefawmforD;
&nf;pm; t&l;trl;jzpfMupOf atmufwdkbmv oDwif;uRwf ausmif;tydwfrSm
olawmifBuD;odkU acwåjyefpOf uRefawmfonf acG;&kyfblwmtxd vdkufcJUjcif;jzpfonf/
þblwmonf &Srf;jynfrD;&xm; twuftqif;c&D;qkH;jzpfí? uRefawmfu jrefrmjynfom;
rD;&xm;udk jyefpD;cJU&onf/ arjyefvmonfh &ufudkbJ? armifajrSmfaeawmhr,fqdkaom
rSmwrf;BuD;eJUaygh/ vljynfrSm 15&ufavmuf vGrf;cJUbl;yg&JUAsm/
þ&xm;vrf;c&D;rSm ,if;rmyifblwmudk vGefvwfaomf jrefrmjynfESifh &moDOwk
&Iarsmfcif;rsm; ajymif;vJvmavonf/ acG;&kyfblwmudk ausmfvQif rD;&xm;vrf;u
awmifurf;yg;,HawGudk zifwjyef acgif;wjyef vGef;xdk;wuf&avonf/ rD;&xm;\
vuf0J bufudk ikHUMunfhvdkufaomf? opfyif 0g;yifawG edrfhjrifhpDvsufESifh euf&Idif;aom
awmifatmufacsmufBuD;/ vusmfbuf jywif;aygufrS acgif;jyLMunfhvdkufvQif jrifhrm;
aom awmifurf;yg; awmifxGwfrsm;onf rdk;udkwkd;aeonf/
qifawmifESifh jrif;wdkufblwm tMum;a&mufvQif awmifjrifhBuD;ay:odkU ckwfarmif;
aeNyDjzpfí eHab;ywf0ef;usifwGif edrfhcsnfjrifhcsnf vIdif;xaeaom awmifxdyf &ifjyif0,f?
xdkwauGU onfwawGUü *Grf;ykHBuD;rsm;ESifhwlaom rdk;om;axG;BuD;awGudk jrif&avonf/
uRefawmfajrjyifrS jrif&aom aumif;uifxJ rdk;om;awGvdk vIyf&Sm;írae/ csrf;at;ojzifh
awmifxdyfzsm; jrpdrf;urÁvmay:wGif NidrfoufpGm tdyfpufaeMuonfESifh wlayonf/
oGm;í,lrvm;
rdk;om;axG;BuD;awG
avwGif rvIyfwkHU
ykHUykHUBuD; avsmif;vsuf
jrpdrf;urÁvmxuf0,f
tdyfpufaeMuonfhES,f
&IzG,fomarm...þNrdKifausm....
xdknae 6-em&D 5-rdepf tcsdef0,f uavmblwmodkU qdkufa&mufavonf/ &Srf;jynfrSm
at;onfqdkojzifh &efukefu csKyfNyD; acguf,lvmcJUaom ukwftusÐudk xkwfí
0wfvdkuf&onf/ xif;&I;yifrsm;udk jzwfí wdkufvmaom avtvsifonf w&TD;&TD;ESifh
nnf;oHygí olUrSmyif csrf;at;wkefcdkufaom vu©Pmjzpfvmavonf/
uavm}NrdKU}qdk&aomfvnf; ywf0ef;usifrSm vlaetdrfajcxuf awmifukef;edrfhjrifh
csKdifh0Srf;ESifh xif;&SL;awmudkom jrif&onf/ jrefrmjynf0,f xif;&Sl;yif trsm;qkH;aom
t&yfa'oaywnf;/ awmawmif\ obm0tvS pif;vkH;acsm/
uRefawmfwkdU &xm;ay:rS qif;Muí bwfpfum;ay:aeom;wus a&mufvwfaomf 6-em&D
15-rdepf../
]awmifBuD;ESifhuavm b,fESpfrdkifa0;ygovJ..}
]44-rdkifa0;ygw,f..}
uRefawmfheHab;&Sd c&D;azmfudkar;í ajzygonf/
]'D...armfawmfum;? 'D..c&D;awmifqif; awmifwufudk ESpfem&DeJU a&mufyghrvm;..}
]rMumyg tvGefqkH;wem&DcGJy..}
xdkoa&mtcg0,f awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU nOD; 8-em&DcefUwGif a&mufawmhrnfjzpfí
uRefawmfwkdU 0rf;omoGm;Muygonf/
odkUaomf um;xGufcgeD;rS c&D;onfrsm;ESifh um;&SifwdkUpum;tacstwif ajymyGJ uav;
usif;yojzifh 15-rdepfrQ tcsdefykyfoGm;ygonf/
um;&Sif/ ]um;cwa,muf 5dcifAs}
c&D;onf/ ]tdk...cgwdkif; xkH;pHwa,muf 3d [mudk]
]oBuFefwGif; "mwfqDaps; wufoGm;vdkUAs}
]'gjzifh 4d-,lawmfNyDav... raeUuusKyfwkdU awmifBuD;u pD;cJUwm 4dyJ}
]tckarmfawmf,mOf toif;u 5d-rSajy;EdkifrwJU...}
tdk...5d awmh rpD;bl;uG? b,fhES,fuGm? "mwfqDu w*gvH 1d-wufw,fbJ xm;yg tkH;?
'if;um; 4-*gvHavmuf 'Davmuf rw&m;vdkcsifwmawmh...rpD;bl;? rpD;bl;? tckjyef
qif;rSmbJ cifAsm;wdkUaum...}
c&D;abmfcsif; vlnSdonfü bkrod brod jzpfaomuRefawmfwdkUuyg udk,fhb0wl rsm;
bufuygí tm;vkH;nDnGwfoGm;avonf/
xdktcgü um;q&monf olUtoif; vlBuD;rsm;qDodkU ajy;oGm;í jyefvmNyD;rS 4d-ESifh
(ig;usyfr&rSef;odí) oabmwlawmhownf;/
wuwJAs? um;pufrEdk;rD ydkufqHay;í vufrSwf0,f&\/ vlaphwufaph aiG&cgrS
um;xGuf\/ odkUaomfjzL;jzL;ajzmifhajzmifh roGm;ao;ay/
yxrawmfawmfum; "gwfqDoGm;xnfhwmu 15rdepfMum\/
'kwd,uavmNrdKU *sifuv,fudkvrf;BudKvrf;Mum;avQmufarmif;um wae&mwcg &yfí
emrnfwckudk ac:aewmu 15rdepf/ bZmenf; pkHprf;Munfhawmh ,ckum;armif; olrSm
'&dkifbmtppf r[kwfao;? py,f,mrQomjzpfí olUq&mum;armif;oludk &Smae&
jcif;jzpfowJU/
aemufqkH;rS '&dkifbmonf bdef;cef;xJrS xGufvm[efwlyg&JU/ ,dkifwdkifwdkifESifh
um;ay:a&mufvm\/
armfawmfum; NrdKUrSpxGufawmh uavmwGif awmifpG,faeuG,fír[kwf? awmifatmuf
aea&mufoGm;NyD jzpfojzifh arSmifpjyKavNyD/
aemufqkH; tvif;a&mifjzifh uRefawmfhvufu em&Dudk Munhfvdkufawmh 7em&D/
xdkrSwNyD;um; armfawmfum;xJwGif rD;vnf; zGifhray;ojzifh arSmifxJrSmyif uRefawmfwkdU
AvkH;AaxG;ygoGm;awmh\/
armfawmfum;u um;tdkum;rif;? vrf;utwuftqif; vlawGu'if;Murf;jynfh?
uRefawmfwkdUae&mu aemufqkH;/ ckefvdkufwm w&kef;&kef;ESifh acgif;ESifhtrdk;ESifh raqmifhrd
&ef renf;owdxm;ae&onf/ rD;&xm;wGif txufwef;u ZdrfcJUorQ *defawmhonf/
8 em&DwGif [J[dk;a&mufí armfawmfum; &yfem;NyD; c&D;onfrsm;ESifh py,f,m '&dkifbmwdkU
npmokH;aqmifMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdUum; c&D;yef;í acgif;rl;aemufaeojzifh
pm;vdkpdwfr&Sd/ aromaumfzDwcGufaomufonf/ uRefawmfrla&csKd;í t&ufaomufNyD;rS
om wckckpm;Edkifrnf/
8 em&D 15 rdepf&Sdonfwdkifatmif um;rxGufao;ojzifh uRefawmfonf um;q&m \
pm;aomufyGJem; csOf;uyfNyD; toem;cHygonf/
tcktwdkif;qdk&if 9em&DawmifBuD;a&mufyghrvm;cifAsm? awmifBuD; a&mufaomf
uRefawmfwdkUrSm oGm;p&mtdrfr&Sdí a[mfw,fwckckwGif tcef;iSm;&ygonf/ tcsdefrJU
aevQif tcef;&EdkifygOD;rnfvm;/
xdktcg py,f,m\ qdkpum;rSm...
udpör&Sdyg? awmifBuD;a[mfw,fudk tdyfaysmfaeonfwdkifatmif olEId;ay;Edkifygonf/
armifydkifavoHrsKd;ESifhajym\/
uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGmpdwfoufom&oGm;vsuf cspfZeD;tm; oHawmfOD; wifNyD;aemuf
awmifBuD; a&TNrdKUawmfa&mufrS (arajymom; aumif;vSaom) ,kefvQH a[mfw,fodkU
oGm;um aumif;rGefpGm pm;aomufvdkufrnf[k tm;cJvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf [J[dk;rSxGufcJUí pdwfxifem&D0ufrQtMum um;onf ab;uyf&yfí
b&dwftkwfvdkufonfESifh wcsdefwnf;arSmifBuD; rnf;rnf;xJrS...
]&yfvdkufvdkU qD;atmfaewm rMum;bl;vm;? ypfxJUvdkufr,f? bmrSwfvdkUvJ}[laom
toHeufBuD; ay:vmojzifh uRefawmfrSm {uEåxdkpOfumvrSm jrefrmjynfom;wkdU cHpm;
ae&aom c&D;oGm;wkef; "g;jywdkufjcif;udk aps;OD;aygufcH&NyD[k atmufarhvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf r[kwfyg/ NrdKUapmifh wyfrawmfom;\ tmPmoHay/ þae&monf
a&TanmifNrdKUt0ifwnf;/
]cifAsm;wdkUum; b,foGm;rvdkUvJ}
]awmifBuD;udkyg}
]roGm;Edkifbl;? vrf;rSm wdkufyGJjzpfaew,f? puf&yf? rD;ndrf;vdkuf}
b,folrS bmrQrajymEdkifMuawmh/ rD;udka&eJU owfvdkufovdk &JS&SJrSrMum;&awmh/ tm;vkH;
qdwfNidrfoGm;Muonf/ awmfawmfBuD;MumrS um;ay:xdkif&wm anmif;vmí
atmufqif;olqif;? acsmif;qdk;olqdk;? ovdyf[ufolpufESifh vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;av; jzpfvm
Muonf/
xdktcgrS tcke&Jabmfrsm;vnf; ylpdwfaysmufí pdwfat;aygufvmNyD jzpfjcif; aMumifh
olwkdUESifhpum;ajymEdkifavonf/ vlwkdU\ eudkrlvpdwf"gwftwdkif; om,macsmif csdpGm
&Sdvmavonf/
]uRefawmfwdkUu wm0ef&SdvdkU wm;&wmbJAsm? cifAsm;wkdUoGm;&J&ifvJ oGm;Muaygh}
]roGm;&Jygbl;? &JabmfuRefawmfwdkU 'DrSmtdyfzdkUxuf NrdKUxJoGm;tdyfMu&ifaumif;r,f?
EdkUNyD;a&TanmifrSm qif;r,fhvlawGvJygw,f}
]aumif;NyD? 'gjzifh oGm;EdkifygNyD}
uRefawmfrS,cktcsdefwGif rnfrQyif c&D;yef;yef; 0rf;u[mvmNyDjzpfí awmifBuD;odkU
cknra&mufaomfvnf; a&TanmifNrdKUxJwGif tdyf&rnfqdkawmh tpm; taomufqdkifawmh
&Sdwefaumif;&JU[k wHawG;rsKdcsvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf tb,fvQif [kwfygvdrfhrnfenf;/ xdkn a&TanmifNrdKUwGif *syefacwfu
uRefawmfwdkU &efukefrSm ntcsdefavaMumif; OMoqGJxm;bdouJUodkU wNrdKUvkH;arSmifrnf;
wdwfqdwf acsmufuyfaebd\/
a&Tanmif qif;rnfholrsm; tdrfa&SUodkU a&mufvwfaomf armfawmfum;udk&yfí
awmfawmfav; qlqlnHnH vIyfvIyf&G&GjzpfMuonf/ qif;olqif;/ ypönf;o,folo,f?
a&SUc&D;rqufEdkifí nnf;olnnf;/ ¤if;wkdUtxJwGif ukvm;vifr,m;? ESpfpkHygonfhteuf?
wa,mufaom ukvm;rrSm udk,fh'ku©udk,f qdwfNidrfpGmrcHwwfojzifh r,m;aMumuf&ykH
ay:aom olUviftm; (ukvm;jyó'g; rvGwfrIaMumifhvm;rod) r&yfrem; wGwfxdk;vdkuf
onfrSm uRefawmfonf olwkdUbmompum; aumif;pGmem;rvnfrdonfudkyif 0rf;om&yg
awmh\/
,if;odkU uRwfpDuRwfpD&SdaepOfrSmyif ppfzdeyfoHwajzmif;ajzmif; Mum;&NyD;aemuf
&Jabmfrsm;a&mufvmMuí...
]cifAsm;wkdU 'Dae&mrSmbmjzpfaeMuwmvJ? NrdKUjyifrSmwdkufyGJjzpfaewm rodMubl;vm;
[dkuvSrf;ypfvdkufvdkU tvum;aoaeMur,f}
tm;vkH; qdwfNidrfoGm;Muonf/
,cktcsdefü uRefawmfwdkUrSm tpm;udk ajrSmfvifhp&m r&Sdawmh/ tdyfzdkUae&mav; &&ifbJ
awmfvSNyDjzpfaMumif; xdk&Jabmfonf olay;csifaomtrdefUudk atmifjrifpGmay;&NyD; í
aoG;at;oGm;ykH ay:aomtcgü uRefawmfolUtem;odkU csOf;uyfoGm;NyD;...
]uRefawmfwkdU[m awmifBuD;udkoGm;r,fh &yfa0;c&D;onfawGyg &Jabmf? 'DrSmtdyfzkdU
ae&mav;awmh BuHzefvkyfay;prf;yg}
][m...'gjzifhvm? blwmudkvdkufcJU/ 'djyifvlawGvJ tdyfp&mr&Sd&ifvmMu}
[dkukvm;wodkufrSm a&TanmifrSm qif;olrsm;\ tdrfwGiftqifoifhoGm;Muí
uRefawmfwkdUESifh ESpfa,mufomygvmavonf/ tcsKdUum; olwkdUtodrdwfaqGrsm;&Sd&modkU
oGm;Muonf/
blwmonf b,favmufa0;onfrod? arSmifBuD; rnf;rnf;rSm tdyf&mvdyfESifh
ta&;BuD;aom ypönf;tcsKdUudkqGJum xdk&JabmfaemufvdkufcJU&onf/ twefi,f avQmufrd
awmhrS wrefwvif;cif;aom txpfay:wufrdí blwmxJ a&mufrSef;od&onf/
þtwGif;rSm ydkí arSmifrnf;avonf/
xdk&Jabmfu]uJcifAsm;wkdU vifr,m;u 'DrSmtdyf? [dkESpfa,mufu 'Dudkvm}qdkojzifh
olae&mcsxm;&mrSmyif oJawG&Syf&Syfay:ü tdyf&mvdyfudk jzefUcif;vdkuf&\/
uRefawmfonf ,ckntpm rpm;&awmhNyDudkodí qmwdkif;a&udk cPcP aomufrnf[k
um;ay:rS a&csKdifhudk qJG,lvmcJUonf/ a&um;rygawmh/ rD;&xm;ay:u tqif;wGif
av;rSmpdk;ívnf;aumif;? bwfpfum;ay: zdwfrSmpdk;ívnf;aumif; oGefcJU onf/
þonfyifvQif 'ku©a0'emudk cHpm;bdkUjzpfawmh\/ taMumif;rSm ]&Jabmfa&uav;
wqdwfavmuf &yg&ap}qdkaomtcg xdk&Jabmfu ]r&Edkifbl;As}[k wdkawmif;pGmjyefajymyg
onf/
ao[JUedE´d,...
iwfuHi,fBuKH BuKHawmhw,f/
wnwm 'kAådu©Eåm&uyf
pum;vJrajym&? rD;vJrxGef;& [laom trdefUaMumifh uRefawmfrSm pD;u&ufuav; rQ
r[bJ usdwfNrKHaeMuonf/ 0r;fydkufwkdUum; rqdwfNidrfay/ wcsufwcsufü w*GD*GDjrnf
Muonf/ a&uav;rQ raomuf&ojzifh EIwfcrf;tmacgifwkdU ajcmufvmavonf/ vQmESifh
vdrf;umvdrf;um wHawG;udk pkípkírsKdcs&onf/
nOfheufoef;acgifra&G; vdkcsifaom tpm;tpmudk &Edkifonfh &efukefNrdKUawmfBuD; qDodkU
uRefawmfpdwfa&mufoGm;onf/ yxrü uRefawmftvGefBudKufaom w&kwfwef;u
tpm;tpmawG wluav;jzifh nSyfum t&ufuav;wjrjrESifh pm;cJUykH/
'gawG awG;rdawmh wu,frpm;a&r,fh oGm;&nf,dkí xdkoGm;&nfudk jyefrsKdcs&jcif; jzifh
a&iwfoufomovdk &Sdvmonf/
'kwd,um; t&ufESifh wGJzufaomufraumif;ojzifh uRefawmfodyfBudKufvSaom
r*dkvrf;uukvm;tpm;tpmrsm;/ 'efayguf? yvmwm? prlqm? qdwfEdkUtkHuifwkdUjzifh
uRefawmfaumif;aumif;BuD; owd&ygonf/ xkwfxkwf
xkwfxkwfESifh0g;vdkUaumif;vSonf/ EdkUeHUoif;oif;av;ESifh qdrfhaomt&om&Sdonf/
xdkrSwNyD;um; nOfheufvmavav ydkqmvmavavjzifh wjznf;jznf; tqifh
twef;edrfhvmvdkufonfrSm udk,fpm;bl;aom t&mxJrS tqif;&JqkH;ESifh tnHUqkH;udkyif
oGm;íwrf;wrdygawmhonf/
1945-ckESpf *syefajy;tNyD; ppfawmif;NrdKUrS jrif;0,futjyef jrif;rsm;ESifh vrf;c&D; rSef;ajc
rudkufojzifh vSnf;ul;odkU noef;acgifavmufrSa&muf&m? þtcg uRefawmfh tazmf
jrif;vSnf;orm;\todrSm tvGefqif;&Jaom tzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;jzpfí tcsdef rawmf
xrif;csufauR;&mwGif [if;rSmtazsmfuif;aom ig;yd&nfusJESifh Muufjcrf;oD;
pdrf;uav;rsm;udk wkdUumwkdUum pm;&onfrSm qmvGef;vSojzifh NrdefvSbdawmif;/
onfxufqdk;0g;onfrSm 1941-ckESpf *syeft0ifü ppfudpöjzifhc&D;oGm;pOf awmxJ
awmifxJü 3-&ufrQaygifrkHUajcmufudk a&ESifhaomufae&NyD;rS umrESifhol&uftMum;
taemufpl;pl;&Sd awmifay:&Gmwckü xrif;ylyludk i&kyfoD;axmif;ESifh qm;ESifhES,fum pm;cJU
&jcif;jzpfawmhonf/
,cktajcü uRefawmfwkdUonf 'Dvdktpmuav;rsm;bJ pm;yg&apawmh[k
qkawmif;rdygonf/ odkUaomf a&uav;waygufrQ raomuf&yg/
xdkodkU pdwfa&mufwwf&m&m awG;awma&if; tcsdefMumvwfaomf tdyfraysmfbl; vdkvdk?
aysmfovdkvkdESifh MuufwGefoHawGu waMumfaMumf Mum;&awmh tm;wrsKd; &SdvmcJU
NyD;aemuf? vif;a&mifaygufvmí uRefawmftdyf&mrSxvdkufaomtcg nu&Jabmfudk
uavmfwkwfcsifpdwf ay:ygawmhonf/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwkdUtdyfonf\ wzufcef;
rSmyif aomufa&tdk;pifBuD; &Sdae\/
wrifbJ uRefawmfwkdUudk nSOf;avovm;[k eHeufüolUudk ar;jref;pkHprf;Munfhaom tcg
oludk,fwdkifuvnf; rod&Sm/ olonfnarSmifrS þblwma&mufí vG,fvifrS arNrdKUodkU
Adkvfoifwef;wuf&atmif oGm;rnfh&Jabmfjzpf\/ tarSmifxJü rsufuef;jzpfae pOf
tdyfzdkUae&m ac:ay;onfudkyif aus;Zl;wifyg\&Jabmf/
arhtajymESifh
a&TanmifESifhawmifBuD;onf 12-rdkifrQoma0;&m nu bwfpfum;ESifhyif c&D;quf cJUMuí
eHeuf 9-em&Dü awmifBuD;a&TNrdKUawmfodkU a&mufav\/
]uJ..ara&...arhNrdKUa&mufrSjzifh arbJ'g&dkufwmvkyfaya&mhuGm..}tm;vkH;c&D;onf rsm;
olUae&mESifhol qif;oGm;Muí uRefawmfwkdUcsnf; usefaomtcg tpdk;&{nfh&dyfomac:
onfh ]qmuwfpf a[muf}odkU ydkUap\/
O,smOfyef;rmefESifh aooyfvSyíaecsifpzG,fyg/ odkU&mwGif vljynfhaeNyD;
tcef;tm;r&Sdawmh/
xdkrS nTefvdkufí uarÁmZa[mfw,fodkU a&mufjyef\/
aps;ESifheD;aom wdkuftdrfBuD; atmufxyfu pm;aomufcef;? 'DrSmwnf;&if edyfwm bJ/
odkUaomf....redyfacs/ awmifpcef;NrdKUrSm aEG&moD{nfhonfawGrsm;aeí tcef;tm;
r&Sdawmhacs/
uJ...'gjzifh b,frSmwnf;cdkbdkU &Sdao;oenf;/ raeUu [J[dk;wGif awmifBuD; a[mfw,fudk
tcsdefra&G; olydkUay;Edkifygw,fajymaom um;py,f,mu ]awmifBuD;a[mf
w,f&Sdygw,fAs...}
aps;eJUawmh tvSrf;a0;owJU/
a0;ygap...a0;ygap..&vQifbJ awmfygNyD/
xdka[mfw,fusrSyif a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL&ayawmhonf/
&rSmayghAs? tjcm;aecsifwJU vlrSr&Sdwmudk..../
uRefawmfonf a&S;jzpfa[mif;udk jyefajymif;í &,farmcsifvmavonf/
arESifhuRefawmf &nf;pm;b0u uRefawmfonf awmifBuD;NrdKUtaMumif;udk pmjzifh
vSrf;ar;avh&Sdonf/ (awmifBuD;rSm {nfhonfawG aumif;aumif;rGefrGefwnf;bdkU
a[mfw,fawG bmawG&Sdovm;) (&Sdwmaygh armif? arwdkUNrdKUudk txifrao;ygeJU? jrefrm
jynfrSm emrnfBuD; awmifpcef;NrdKUbJ) ('gjzifh a[mfw,fwck emrnfay;prf;yg)
(awmifBuD; a[mfw,f)
xdktcg uRefawmfonf ]jyefvnfawGUqkHonfhwdkifatmif 0w¬KwGif uRefawmfhZmwf vdkuf
at;aqGtm; xdkawmifBuD;a[mfw,frSm wnf;cdkapum ZmwftdrfzGJUvdkufavonf/
xdka[mfw,f\ ykHo@meftaetxm;udk &efukefa[mfw,fBuD;rsm;twdkif; uRefawmfhrsufpd
xJü jrifa,mifí a&;om;xm;ygonf/
vm;..vm;...,ckrsufjrifudk,fawGU uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&muf&awmh [uf[ufyuf yufom
zifaqmifhí aqmifhíatmfBuD;[pfus,f &,fcsvdkufcsifygawmhonf/
Munfhyg rdwfaqG&,f....enf;enf;yg;yg; uGmwmjzifh uRefawmf'Davmuf rajymyg bl;/
tckawmifBuD;a[mfw,fqdkwmu atmuforefwvif;cH? oGyfrdk;? ysOfumESifh ukvm;
tdrfwef;vsm;udk tcef;awG cGJxm;jcif;jzpfygownf;/ xdkpOfu &efukefrSm wvtpdwfqdk
aom tcef;rsKd;? a[mfw,fcef;vkyfí waeUwq,fwJU/
]uJ...a':a&Tara&...txifeJUtjrif uGmjcm;vSacsvm;Asm...'Dtdrfwef;vsm;rSmawmh
'dkUwm&SnfraeEdkifbl;? pma&;bkdU pm;yGJukvm;xdkifvJr&Sd? jywif;aygufr&Sd? a&SU0ifaygufeJU
aemufaz;xGufayguf ESpfckbJ&Sdw,f? xrif;[if;pm;bdkU aps;oGm;vdkuf&wmuvJ
ta0;BuD;? tJonfvdkae&mrSm OD;ausmfwdkU vlpka&mufvm&if 'ku©uG}
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfonf &Ir0 OD;ausmftm; awmifBuD;NrdKUonf aEG&moDrSm at;csrf;í
wnf;cdkcef;wkdUvnf; aumif;onf? pm;aomufp&m trJom;ig; [if;oD;[if;
&GufawGuvnf; tvGefayg[k aruuRefawmfhudk ajymonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkU a&muf
ocdkufrSm vdkufvmMu&ef zdwfac:cJUojzifh umwGef;udkazodef;ESifh OD;ausmfom;
armifaqGwifh? txGef;ac: armifvSxGef;wkdU 4-a,muf{NyDv 22 &ufaeUwGif av,mOf ESifh
a&mufvmMurnf/
xdkUaMumifh....]uJ..ara&...'Dtwdkif;qdk&ifjzifh udk,fwdkUxuf aemufvdkufvmr,fhvl
awGtwGuf tdrfwvkH;iSm;&rS jzpfawmhr,fuG}
odkUaomf xdktcsdefrSm awmifBuD;wGif tdrfwvkH;iSm;&bdkUrSm &efukefrSmuJUodkUyif
rvG,fulawmhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf awmifBuD;rSmvnf; &efukefrSmuJUodkUyif
aomif;usef;ol qlylrIaMumifh awm&GmawGuvlawG cdkatmif;aeMujcif;jzifh vlaetdrfajc
rsm; jynfhESufaeacsNyD/
awmifBuD;ol ra&TaryifvQif 2-ESpftwGif; ajymif;vJaeaom awmifBuD;NrdKUudk
tHUMoae&onf/ rsufESmpdrf;awG tdrfopfawGtrsm;BuD; awGUae&onf[k ajymygonf/
&moDOwkyifvQif a&S;,cifu opfyifO,smOfrsm;udkckwfí tdrfrsm;aqmufypfMujcif;jzifh
aEG&moDrSm [dkwkef;uavmuf rat;awmh[k NrdKUcHvlrsm;uvnf; ajymygonf/
tdrfwvkH;
,if;ü uRefawmfonf udkaomif;pdef a&;ay;vdkufaom rdwfqufpmESpfapmifudk
xkwf&awmhonf/ wapmifu xdkpOfu bkef;rD;aev awmufyvsuf&Sdaom pyfa&odkuf\
om; pyf[kefz? udkaomif;pdefESifh t*FvefwGif rdwfaqGjzpfcJUMuí tjyefc&D;rSm oabFm
wpif;xJ txufwef;rSm twlpD;cJUMuonf/ pyf[kefzwGif awmifBuD;rSm
a[mfwvkH;&Sdonf/ odkUaomfxdktcsdefü pyf[kefzonf awmifBuD;NrdKUür&Sd/
b,fodkUa&mufaeonf uRefawmf rod/
'kwd,wapmifu xdkpOfu AE¨Kv&kyf&Sif&kHudk rlvwnfaqmufol AE¨Kv&kyf&Sif&kH ydkif&Sif
OD;cspfaz/ olUudkawmh olU½kyf&Sif&kHoGm;aomtcg olUtdrfudk nTefjyí vG,fulpGm
awGU&ygonf/
OD;cspfazcifAsm;...
,ckþpmESifhvmolrSm uRefawmf\ oli,fcsif;pma&;q&m aomfwmaqGjzpfyg onf/
olvdkaomtultnDudk ay;apvdkygonf/
aomif;pdef
xdkpOfrSm udkaomif;pdefu atmifaZ,s&kyf&Sifxkwfvkyfol? OD;cspfazu awmifBuD; NrdKUrSm
&kyf&Sif&kHydkif&SifrdkU olwkdUcsif;u tvkyfcsif;qufaeaom rdwfaqG&if;csmwnf;/
OD;cspfazonf uRefawmfhtm; pmzwfy&dowftaejzifhvnf; odNyD;jzpfaeí NyKH;&,fum...
]OD;aomfwmaqG 'Dvdktcsdef aEG&moDrSm awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm tdrfiSm;vdkU b,f&yghrvJ cifAsm}
uRefawmfu pdwfysufpGm..][m..'ku©bJAsm..}
]OD;aomfwmaqG 'ku©ra&muf&ygbl;? uRefawmfwdkUrSm OD;aomfwmaqGtwGuf
tdrfwvkH;&Sdygw,f? odkUaomftdrfiSm;cuawmh...}
olu NyKH;pdpdESifh pum;jzwfxm;í uRefawmfu...
]usoavmuf ay;&rSmayghAsm}qdkawmh...
]r[kwfzl;? wjym;rSray;rS&r,f}
awmifBuD;NrdKU aps;ta&SUbuf r[mokcvrf;&Sd opfom;tdrfuav;wvkH;odkU
uRefawmfwkdUudk olUum;ESifhbJ vdkufydkUygonf/ xdkpOfu pum;e,ftrwf OD;xGef;&wkdU\
tdrfydkuav;jzpfygonf/ iSm;avhr&Sd/ {nfhvmapmifvm xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ OD;xGef;&ESifh
OD;cspfazrSm tif;om;nDtudkawmfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
vlw&yfavmufjrifhonfh wxyftdrfuav;? okH;yifESpfcef; aemufaz;rD;zdkaqmifESifh
uRefawmfwkdUtwGuf tcefUoifhjzpfoGm;avonf/ aps;ESifhvnf;eD;vS\/ 'Dtdrfuav;
a&mufawmh uRefawmfwkdUonf vmrnfh{nfhonfrsm;vnf;&Sdaeí tdk;cGuftcsKdUudk0,fNyD;
xrif;[if;pm; yef;uefrsm;udk eHab;wdkuftdrfBuD;&Sd OD;xGef;&\BuD;awmfxHrS iSm;&rf;um
udk,fh[mudk,fcsufjyKwfpm;Muonf/
tif;om;ESifh tif;pum;
uRefawmfwdkUae&aom opfom;tdrfuav;rSm vQyfppfrD;r&Sdacs/ uRefawmfwkdU a&mufrS
OD;xGef;&\ BuD;awmfwdkufrS rD;ESpfyGifhudk oG,fay;xm;ygonf/
waeUaom eHeufcif;üarr&Sd? uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; pmzwfaepOf OD;xGef;& BuD;awmf
(olwkdUtac:) trf;pr tzGm;BuD;a&mufvmum uRefawmfESifhaxG&mav;yg; ajymae&mrS...
]q&mav; ref;pm;yD; rtdkufzl;vm;}
ref;qdkonfrSm xrif;udkAs/ uRefawmfwdkUqDrSmqdk&if xrif;pm;NyD;wJUtcg acR;xGufNyD;
tdkufw,fr[kwfvm;? olwkdU&Srf;jynfrSmawmh tcsdefra&G;at;wmbJ? 'gaMumifh
]uRefawmfwdkU 'Dt&yfrSmawmh rtdkufygbl;...}
'Dawmh tzGm;BuD;u...
]a':a':wkdUawmh cPtdkufwmbJ? EdkU...q&mav;wdkU naumb,ftcsdeftdkufovJ}
uRefawmf tHUtm;oifhNyD;...
][m...nqdk omrtdkufao;oaygh? a':a':&m}
]wnvkH; rtdkufzl;vm;}
]vkH;0 rtdkufygbl; cifAsm}
]b,ftcsdefrSmrS rtdkufzl;vm;}
]rtdkufygbl;...rtdkufygbl;}
uRefawmfu acgif;uav;,rf;um awmifBuD;NrdKUvdk at;jraom&moDrSm b,ftcsdefrS
rtdkufygbl;[k ajymvdkufonf/
xdkUaemuftzGm;BuD;onf olUrsufESmw,fNyD; yDwdusvSykHray:bJ jyefoGm;onf/
arjyefa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfu....
]a[h...ar&..cke tzGm;BuD;vmw,fuG? ighudkxrif;pm;NyD; rtdkufbl;vm;? nb,f
tcsdeftdkufovJ ar;ouG? 'geJUigu b,ftcsdefrS rtdkufygbl;vdkU ajymvdkuf&ouG...}
]xdktcg arrsufvkH;jyL;um....
][m...armifa&...ylwmtdkufwmudk ar;wmr[kwfzl;&Sifh?
b,ftcsdeftdyfovJar;wm? nolu rD;rSdwfcsifvdkUeJUwlw,f? olwdkUtif;om;awG
toHxGufu tdyfwmudk tdkufw,fajymMuw,f}
]atmifr,fav;? 'gjzifh ara&jrefjrefoGm;NyD; awmif;yefvdkufyguGm? igu olUudk
bkajymvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;NyD? n9-em&Davmuf tdyfygw,f? tJ'D tcsdefavmuf rD;rSdwfvdkU
ajymyguGm...}
aronf tjrefbJ tzGm;BuD; tdrfodkUul;oGm;&\/
tif;om;pum;ESifh jrefrmpum;onf wvGJwjcm; uGJjym;aeonfrsm;&Sd\/ Oyrm olwkdUu
tdyfwmudk tdkufw,f? tdkufwmudkawmh tdyfw,f? wdkifudkwdrf? wdrfudkwdkif? rIdifwmudkrIdif;?
tu,fí tif;om;pum;rSm ]olonf wdrfudkrSDí wdkifudkMunfhum rIdif;ae onf}[k qdkvQif
]wdkifudkrSDí wdrfudkMunfhum rIdifaeonf}[k qdkjcif;jzpfygonf/
{nfhajrmifrsm;
uRefawmfwkdUonf OD;xGef;&tdrfwGif wnf;cdkae&aom {nfhonfrsm;jzpfí uRefawmf wkdUqD
wqifhvmaeolrsm;udk {nfhajrSmifrsm;[k ac:&ayrnf/ olwkdUum; &Ir0OD;ausmf?
armifaqGwifh? txGef;ESifh umwGef; udkazodef;wdkUjzpf\/
{NyDv 22-&ufaeU a&mufvmrnfh olwkdUvlpktwGuf 7-&ufrQ apmía&mufae aom
uRefawmfwkdUu tdrfonftjzpfESifh qD;BudK&avrnf/ þtajcü olwkdUonf
uRefawmfudkom tm;xm;&rnf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdUonf þ&yfXmeDudk wcgrQ ra&muf
bl;ao;? qufoG,fxm;aom todtuRrf;vnf; r&Sdojzifh uRefawmfuomvQif olwkdUae
xdkif&eftwGuf BudKwifpDrHxm;&rnf[k tcsdef;tcsuf&Sdonf/
xdkUaMumifh xdkaeUeHeuf uRefawmfhr&D;\ paw&Sif 0uf*Gef;um;ESifh awmifBuD;NrdKUrS 22
rdkifa0;aom [J[dk;av,mOfuGif;odkU uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;,Gef;cJUavonf/ [J[dk; onf
awmifay:NrdKUyifjzpfonf/ odkUaomf-uavmESifhawmifBuD;avmufawmh rjrifhacs/
xdkNrdKUESpfNrdKUMum; tv,favmufrSm wnf&Sdonf? awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf\ avqdyfNrdKUjzpf
onf/ BuD;us,fpnfum;jcif;r&Sd ao;i,fajcmufuyfvS\/
avqdyfonf NrdKUESifh awmfawmfvSrf;ao;onf/ avqdyf\ ½Icif;rSm 0ef;usifwGif
tmvl;ESifh *sKHwdkUxGufaom v,f,mwkdUrS vGefvwfaomf rIdif;ysaom awmifvbdkU
awmifESmarmif; awmif&dk; awmifwef; awmifxGwfwdkUaywnf;/
11-em&DcefUwGif av,mOfvmaMumif; oHacsmif;acgufvdkufonf\ rMumrDü?
awmifbuf&Sd awmifyckH;ay:rSm odef;iSufrQ&Sdaom av,mOfysHuav;? ysysay:vm\/ xdkrS
wjznf;jznf; BuD;vmvdkufonfum;? aemufqkH;wGif vlESpf'gZifrQ pD;&aom 'gudkwm
av,mOfBuD;onf 0D;ueJavqdyfxJodkU xdk;qif;vmawmh\/
av,mOfiSufBuD; pufowfí olUtawmifaemufu 0rf;ydkufudkzGifhvdkufaomtcgü
&efukefrS olrsKdvmcJUaom c&D;onfawG xGufvmMuonf/
]a[m...azaz [dkrSm OD;av;aqG}
OD;ausmfom; armifaqGu olUtaztm; uRefawmfhudk0rf;omtm;& jyonf/ OD;ausmfrl
uRefawmfhudkjrifvQif (xdkpOfurltwdkif;) olUxHrS ydkufqHawmif;rSm pdk;&drfaeao; onfh
rsufESmrsKd;jzifh rwkHaw;aw;Munfhí qif;vm\/ trSefvnf; uRefawmfonf
awmif;&ef&nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ odkUaomf...,ckcsufcsif; r[kwfao;/ olUudkuRefawmfhtdrf
ay:rSm aumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkí uRefawmfhaus;Zl;awG olUtay: awmfawmfBuD;
&SdavmufrS rSnfhy[qdkNyD; csnfNyD;wkwfNyD; tvDBuD;awmif;vdkuf&efjzpfygonf/
uRefawmfhZeD; uarÇmZ\ orD;awmfudkvnf; oifMum;xm;ygonf/
]'g[m....udk,fhtdrfay: aiGxkyfa&mufvmwmbJuG? olUudkvufoyfarG;&r,f? jyKpk
auR;arG;wJUtcgrSm omref{nfh0wfavmuf r[kwfzJ? waeUrSm zsufzdkUtrJarG;aewm?
odkUr[kwf EdkUnSpfdkU EdkUpm;EGm;rudk zGJEk ESrf;zwfawGauR;aewmvdkU oabmxm;&w,fuGJU
od&JUvm;? 'grS rif;vdkcsifwJU tif;av;Zif;r,fawG/ befaumufvkHcsnfawG udkaomif;pdef
rdef;rrsm; vufaqmifay;bdkU aiGMu,foD;awG bmawGazmazmoDoD 0,fEdkifrSmuG}
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;rSm OD;ausmfwkdUvlpk a&mufvmonfudk a&Txkyf
aumuf&oavmuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfMuum um;ESifh wifac:vmcJUygawmhonf/
]cifAsm; vmrSBudKyghrvm;vdkU}
um;ay:a&mufonfESifh OD;ausmfupí y#doEåm&jyKvmonf/
][m...aoaocsmcsm csdef;xm;wJUudpö? uRefawmfu cifAsm;vdk arhcsifa,mif
raqmifwwfygbl;As? EdkU...cifAsm;uRefawmfhjrifawmhaum csufcsif;rSwfrdvm;}
]udk&ifh&kyfBuD; usKyfubmvdkU rrSwfrd&rSmwkef;}
]aoaocsmcsmMunfhprf;ygtkH;? uRefawmfu tck&efukefrSmwkef;uvdk r[kwfzl;? abmif;bDeJU
ukwftuÐseJU vnfpnf;eJU tlwlyD,efvdk 0wfxm;w,fav}
,if;rS udkausmfonf uRefawmfhudk vSrf;Munfhum...
][...udk&ifbmawG 0wfxm;rSef; usKyfckrSowdjyKrdw,f}
]awmuf...emvdkufwmAsm/ udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;wvkH;eJU? ususee qif,if vmwm/
aemufydwf zdeyfawmif rpD;wmMumvdkU ajcMuyfNyD; tawmfemusifaeygonf/
odkUESifh uRefawmfu atmifhoufoufjzpfí...
]cifAsm;[m...w,fNyD; tdkAZm; aA;&Sif;nHUwJUvlbJ}
]usKyfu udk&ifudk tdkAZmhvkyf&atmif vmwmrSr[kwfzJ? EdkU....udk&ifu 'gawG0wf
vm&atmif 'Dt&yfrSm vdkvdkvm;As? tckjzifh uRefawmfwkdU rat;aygifAsm}
]'gu [J[dk;? EdkUNyD; cktcsdefu rGef;wnfhavmuf &SdaeNyDudkAs? awmifBuD; reuf
apmapmydkif;rSm b,favmufat;ovJqdkawmh cifAsm; [dka&mufawmhodvdrfhr,f}
][dka&mufawmh usKyfwdkUaebdkU a[mfw,fcef; pDpOfNyD;yvm;....}
]a[mfw,fcef;r&bl; q&mBuD;? aEG&moDrSmrdkU uRefawmfwdkUt&if a&mufESifhwJU
vlawGeJUjynfhaeNyD}
]'gjzifh b,frSmae&rvJ}
]bkef;BuD;ausmif; Z&yfwckck &Smae&rSmayghAsm}
udkausmfu uRefawmfhpum;rrIbJ wkHPSdbma0 aeonfü...
]tvum; ajymwmygAsm... uRefawmfu cifAsm;wdkUvmrSmrdkU tdrfwvkH; oD;oefU&Sm
xm;ygNyD? 'DrSm BudKwifpDrHrIr&SdbJ a[mfw,fom tm;udk;vm&if 'ku©AsKdU? uRefawmfwkdU
awmif a&mufpuawmfawmfav; a*smufusvdkufao;w,f? tck cifAsm;wdkUawmh
uRefawmfwkdU&SdaevdkU}
]udk&ifhudk 'DavmufrS tm;rudk;&vJ &dkufowfypfzdkU aumif;awmhrSmaygh}
]tck uRefawmfwkdUae&wJU tdrfuav;u tdrftdk tdrfrif;av;As? tjrifrvSbl;? odkUaomf
taepkwfayr,fh a&TxkyfwJUjryk0g qdk&r,fayghAsm? bmaMumifhvJqdk uRefawmfwkdU
vifr,m;aeMuwmudkAs...}
tcrJU {nfh&dyfom
awmifBuD;wNrdKUvkH;wGif wckwnf;om&Sdaom ykvdyfvufjywdkif vrf;*GrSonf?
awmifESifhajrmufvmaom rif;vrf; (Main Road) awmifBuD;NrdKU\ tBuD;qkH;tpnfqkH;
vrf; taemufzufvGefvQif aps;vrf;? ta&SUbufudkrl r[mokcvrf;/
¤if; r[mokcvrf;xJodkU ykvdyfvufjywdkifrS ta&SUpl;pl;0ifcJUyg/ rMumrDü vrf;wck udk
jzwfausmfNyD;aemuf vuf0JbufwGif wdkufjzLjzLBuD; wvkH;udk awGU&vdrfhrnf/ wdkufjzL
BuD;\eHab;&Sd opfom;tdrf rGJajcmufajcmuf uav;rSm uRefawmfwkdU\ tcrJU{nfh&dyfom
aywnf;/
þtdrfuav;\ tdkZmykHudkMunfh&jcif;tm;jzifh olUtoufonf uRefawmfwkdU\
bdk;bavmuf&Sdayrnf/ ol\&ifcGifawmfü tqufqufaom tdrfaxmifom;wkdU aecJUMu
rnf/ 'kr*Fv okr*FvawGjzpfyGm;cJUMurnf/ idkoHawG &,farmoHawG olMum;cJUayrnf/
olonfrsm;pGmaom vlUb0u@awGudk udk,fawGUrsufjrif od&SdcJUayrnf/ olomajymjy
rnfqdkygu b0o&kyfazmfq&mrsm;\ pmaumif;ozG,f&Sdacsrnf/ olonf uRefawmfwdkU
xuf avmutaeMumcJUayNyD/ avmu"Hudk ydkíBuKHawGUcJUayNyD/ toGifroifhaomfvnf;
tjrif&ifhaom tzdk;tdkESifh wlavonf/
þodkUESvkH;ydkufrdaomtcgü uRefawmfwkdUonf btdk\&ifcGifwGifae&aom vlrr,f
ajr;uav;ozG,fol\ t&dyftm0gowGif ESpfodrfhMunfEl;rdav\/
awmifBuD;NrdKUESifh olUemrnf
jrefrmjynfwGif trnfemrü ]awmif}ygaom NrdKUawG&Sdavonf/ Oyrm a&Tawmif?
awmifwGif;BuD;? awmifil? odkUaomf xdkNrdKUwkdU\wnfaeykHrSm awmifESifhrnfodkUrQ rywfouf
zJ &Sdavonf/
awmifBuD;NrdKUum; ayav;axmifausmfjrifhaom awmifxdyfzsm;ü wnf&Sdae\/ xdkrQru
NrdKU\ta&SUbufwGif aywaxmifrQjrifhaom awmif&dk;awmifwef;BuD;u awmifBuD;NrdKU\
tEGwåonm vu©PmozG,frm;rm;BuD; &Sdae\/
uRefawmfwkdU\ wnf;tdrf acgif;&if;jywif;udk zGifhvdkufygu ,if;awmifwef;BuD;udk
xif;xif;BuD; jrif&onf/ xdkawmifwef;ay:ü vlrsm;&Sdaeygu vSrf;ac:vdkufvQif Mum;Edkif
rnfxif&onf/ odkUaomf tjrifeD;í c&D;a0;aomawmif? tarmifxifouJUodkU r[kwfacs
wum;.../
uRefawmfwkdUonf xdkawmifBuD;udk ai;armMunfh&Ium ,cifu rBuKHcJUbl;aom
tm&kHudkcHpm;&onf/ xl;jcm;aom &Icif;udkjrif&onf/ opfvGifaom pdwful;udk ,Ofrdonf/
umwGef;q&m udkazodef;ESifh armifaqGwifhrSm (xdkpOfolonf ykHqGJjcif;udk yef;csD q&m
jzpfEdk;Edk; pdwf0ifpm;aecdkufjzpfí) puúLESifh pkwfwHxkwfum vufprf;usifhMuonf/
awmifxdyfzsm;u wdrfudkzrf;? atmufajcwGif opfawmfyifrsm; 0ef;&Hxm;aom
nDtracsmwkdU tdrfuav;udkxnfh tv,fwGifrl aea&mifrSm aiGa&mifawmufaeaom
,luvpfyifwkdUudk tom;,lí a&mifpkHjc,fMu\/
tjcm;wa,mufaom txGef;ac: armifvSxGef;url "gwfykH0goem&SifrdkU uifr&m wjyifjyif
&Sdaeonf/
q&mausmfum; uarÁmZ tat;"gwfwGif Muufemuav;vdk ukyfvsuf olUvuf uav;
wvIyfvIyfESifh 'dkif,m&Da&;aebd\/
xdkpOfwkef;u udkazodef;vnf; tdrfaxmif rusao;/ armifaqGESifh txGef;u vlysKd
aygufuav;/ OD;ausmfurl 47-ESpf? uRefawmfqdkvJ 37-ESpf&Sdao;wmbJ/ uRefawmfwkdU
onf xdktcsdef xdktdrfuav;wGif aepOfu tvGefaysmfarGUMuonf/ eHeufapmapmx
vrf;avQmufvdkufMu? aps;xJ0ifí &Srf;jynf vuf&moa&pmawG pm;vdkufMu? uRefwmfwkdU
tm;vkH;onf þa'oodkU yxrOD;qkH; a&mufjcif;jzpfí tm;vkH;topftqef;jzpfaeum
awGUorQ jriforQ pdwf0ifpm;p&mcsnf;/ pma&;q&mu pma&;bdkUpdwful;? ykHqGJq&mawGu
ykHqGJbdkU tuGuf,l? uifr&m&Sif txGef;u "gwfykH&dkuf.../
OD;ausmfvnf; xdkpOfu pdwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;om&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ b0'ku©xJwGif acwårQ
ay:vmwwfaom ]okc}qdkonfh em;ae&m pce;fuav;odkU qdkufuyfaepOf jzpfay onf/
,if;tcsdef0,f oljyKpkwnfaxmifcJUaom &Ir0r*¾Zif;onf atmifjrifjcif;\ oufwrf;
10-ESpfxJ a&mufaepOf apmifa&trsm;qkH;? vlBudKuftrsm;qkH;jzpfvsuf txGwf txdwfü
wnfaecdkufrdkU OD;ausmf\b0wmwGif taysmfqkH;aom umvwck[k uRefawmf xifygonf/
odkUaomf b0[lonf &yfwnfaeonfr&Sd? tcsdefESifhtwl a&GUvsm;vsuf&Sday&m? xdkc&D;rSm
edrfhjrifhwufus 0rf;om0rf;enf; toD;oD; tqifhqifhaom tydkif;u@wkdUjzifh NyD;av&m?
xdkESpfu xdktcsdef xdktdrfuav;wGif uRefawmfwkdUvlpkonf wtdrfom;wnf; tjzpf
acwåqkHqnf;cdkufum; vlUb0wGif vdk&if;tusqkH;jzpfaom pm;aumif;jcif;?
tdyfaumif;jcif;? pdwf\csrf;omjcif;wkdUjzifh jynfhpkHcJUMuygay\/ udkazodef;onf xrif;pm;
&mwGif tMumqkH;ESifh taES;qkH;jzpfí ]aemufusyef;uefaq; acG;auR;}qdkaom pum;
twdkif; jzpfygrl olcsnf; vkyf&ayvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfwkdUu aemufMuonf/
,if;umvudk ,kcjyefawG;vdkufawmh twdwfjzpfoGm;cJUacsNyD/ xdktwdwfum; jyefí
r&paumif;? odkU&mwGif pma&;q&m\pGrf;yum;jzifh uRefawmfwkdU xdktwdwfudk
jyefíoGm;Mu&atmif/ vlra&mufaomfvnf; pdwfujyefa&mufEdkifyg\/ avmuwGif
pdwfomrlv y"e r[kwfayavm/
awmifwufyGJ
&Srf;jynf awmifBuD;NrdKUodkoGm;a&muf vnfywfMuvQif awmifay:wufjcif;ESifh
rkHw0*loGm;a&mufjcif; rjyKcJUygu um,'ku©ESifh pdwåokcjynfhpkHMurnf r[kwfay/
xdkUaMumifh waeUoü uRefawmfwkdUonf awmifay:wuf&efpDrHMuonf/ xrif;
[if;csufoGm;&rnf/ awmifay:a&mufrSpm;Murnf/
,if;eHeufü aea&mifESifhtwl tdrfrS xGufcJUMuonf OD;ausmf? udkodef;az? txGef;?
armifaqGESifh uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;/ þvlpkrSm aromvQif rdef;rom;jzpfaeí olUtm;
awmifcyef;wGif armifxrf;&rnf/ awmifw&dk;qDwGif armifydk;csD&rnf atmufarhcJU&m?
wu,fusawmh b,f[kwfrSmwkef;? uRefawmfwdkUtm;vkH;xJwGif arutrmqkH;jzpfaeonf/
olubJ a&SUaqmifvrf;jy OD;aqmifoGm;onf/ rMumcPem;&ef olUudk uRefawmfwdkUu
awmif;yef&onf/
taysmhqkH;u OD;ausmf? 'kwd,u uRefawmf/ 'DtxJra&Taru vlwufzdkU azmufvkyfxm;wJU
a&S;acwfu t*Fvdyftac: Loves Lane qdkwJU vrf;ajyajyu rwufzl;wJUAsm/
awmifwufw,fqdkwm cJcJ,Of;,Of;rS t&om&Sdw,fqdkNyD;? jzwfvrf;u ac:oGm;oAs/
uRefawmfwkdUrSm b,fodrwkef;/ oloGm;&mvdkuf&awmh aocsifyufusdjzpf ua&m/
olwkdUqDrSmawmh'DvdkbJ rdef;razmfawG wufaeuswJU/ tm*[mrrsKd;awG? olUpdwfxJrSm
olwkdUrdef;rom;awG awmifwufEdkifwm? uRefawmfwkDUudk a,mufsm;awG&,fvdkU
txifBuD;[efwlyg&JU/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUu a,mufsm;awGayr,fh taysmhpm;awGubJ/
olwkdUt&yftac: 'Dawmifwufwmudk ]bk&m;awmifwufMur,f}qdkawmh OD;ausmf pdwfxJrSm
olUZmwda&TawmifNrdKUu a&Tewfawmifbk&m; wuf&ovdk atmufarh[efwlyg&JU/
olUpwdkiftwdkif; befaumufvkHcsnfeJU tay:zkH; tusÐeJUqdkawmh*GbJ? odkUaomf awmfyg
ao;&JUAsm/ twGif;cHabmif;bDcyf&Snf&SnfuygvdkU/ ykqdk;cg;pnf;NyD; wuf&awmhw,f/
vufESpfzuf oG,fwuf&w,f/ opfyifjrpfawGqJGwuf&w,f/
uRefawmfjzifh ]a[h a&mufao;bl;vm;uG...} ]a&mufao;bl;vm;uG}eJU vSrf;vSrf; ar;&if;
c&D;w0ufavmufa&mufawmh jyefqif;csifpdwf ay:vmwm trSefbJ/ OD;ausmfvJ
jyefqif;csifpdwf ay:wJUtaMumif; aemufawmhajymjyw,f/ tJ'DrSm wckawmfygao;&JU/
udkodef;azu awmifwufwJU pmawGzwf? ykHawGavhvmcJUbl;xifyg&JU/ BudKwifajrmfjrifNyD;
BudK;wacsmif; 0,fcJUayvdkU/ a&SUuarmifaqGwdkU txGef;wdkU vli,fawGudk qGJcdkif;NyD;
arS;wufcJU&w,f/ q&mausmfBuD;u aemufydwfqkH;av/
aemufqkH;awmh vIdif;BuD;avSatmuf? awmifBuD;z0g;atmufayghAsm? [J[J..[J[J
(rcsdoGm;NzJav;...)
þawmifBuD;ay:ü bk&m;awmif? awmifcRef;? ausmufwvkH;[lí okH;Xme&SdcJU&m?
yxrOD;qkH; uRefawmfwkdU bk&m;awmifudk oGm;Muonf/ eHeuf 8-em&DrS pwifcJU&m?
xdkbk&m; awmifay:a&mufonfü 10-em&DausmfcJUayNyD/
bk&m;awmif
bk&m;awmif[k ac:onfrSm tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD; wnfxm;cJUaom wef;aqmif;ESifh
qif;wkawmf &Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ tjcm;apwD okH;qlvJ&Sdonf/ *syefrsm;
XmyemwdkufazmufoGm;í 0rf;ydkufa[mif;avmif;jzpfMuukef\/
xdkawmifay:wGif tapmifhvlaeum wJausmif;wck&Sdonf/ odkUaomf bkef;BuD; oDwif;rokH;/
&Srf;tzdk;tdkESpfa,mufom&Sdonf/ uRefawmfwkdUa&mufonfudkjrifvQif
vufzuf&nfMur;fyGJESifh vmí{nfh0wfjyKMuonf/ pum;pjrnfajymonf/
uRefawmfwkdUa&mufNyD; watmifhavmuftMumü tjcm;bk&m;zl;rsm; a&mufvmMu onf/
ytdkUvlrsKd; ay:vdef;(trsKd;om;) r,fvdef;(trsKd;orD;)awGjzpf\/ OykofaeUrSm
olwkdUvmwwfMuonf[k tzdk;tdkuajym\/ xdkaeUonfwefcl;vjynfh/
olwkdUonf bk&m;udk oufoufvGwf opfoD;ESifh qGrf;uyfMu\/ uyfykHrSm cJbG,f
wrsKd;udk wyGJpDcGJí udk,fhqGrf;Aef;ESifh udk,ftoD;oD; uyfMuav&m bk&m;&ifjyiftjynfhrQ
&Sdav\/ za,mif;wdkifrD;vnf; xGef;ñdSMuonf/
&Sdcdk;yxme jyKMuonfrSmvnf; tcsdefMum\/ NyD;vQif toD;oD; acgif;avmif;xdk;Mu
avonf/
xdkUaemuf qGrf;abmZOfudk odrf;qnf;í oifbkwfjyifay:üwifum usD;iSufawGudk
auR;avonf/
þudpöt00NyD;awmhrS olwkdUxrif;pm;Mu\/ olwkdU[if;rSm refusnf;&Gufokwf? yJykyf?
a<urkHUaMumf? o&ufoD;rSnfh? tm;vkH; oufoufvGwfjpf\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf vufzuf&nfMurf;wtdk;ESifh awmfawmfMum tarmajzMu\/ xdkpOfrSm
aronf tqifoifh,lcJUaom ig;zdef;uifwckESifh [if;csKdtdk;wnfonf/ qlvQif
xdkawmifay:wGif&Sdaom pG,fawmf&GufEkawGudk cwfítdrfrScsufcJUaom Muufom;qDjyef?
yJykyfcsuf? o&ufoD;oeyfESifh pm;av&m vlawGuvnf; yifyef;qmavmifaeojzifh tvGef
NrdefMuukef\/
'ku©ESifh&if;í okc&Smjcif;wrsKd;aywnf;/
uRefawmfwkdU xrif;pm;NyD;aomtcsdef ykHqGJq&mESifh "mwfykHq&mwdkU tvkyf&IyfMu onf/
'dkif,m&D q&mausmfuvJ a&;yghAsm/ uRefawmfawmh t&ufuav; ESpfcGufavmuf ESifhrdkU
xif½l;yifatmuf olU&GufqHajcmufarGU&may:ü ausmufwkH;ay:vufckacgif;tkH;í rSdef;bd\/
wa&;Edk;vwfaomf rsufESmjzLr 3-a,mufESifh udkazodef;wkdUonf olwkdUykHqGJpmtkyf ESifh
vJvS,fMunfh½IaeMuonfudk awGU&onf/ ar;prf;Munfhawmh ,ck &efukefuefawmfBuD; &Sd
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; aMu;&kyfudk oGef;vkyfaom yef;ykq&mBuD;\ZeD;ESifh olUtazmfr
ESpfa,muf? yef;csD0goem&SifwkdUygwJU Oa&myrS vma&mufvnfywfMuolrsm;wnf;/
uRefawmfwkdUonf em&Djyef wcsufcefUü udkif;udkif;BuD; ikHUMunfhaeaom awmifxGwf jzpf&m
awmifBuD;NrdKU wNrdKUvkH;onf uRefawmfwkdUrsufpdatmufa&mufaeav\/ av,mOf
ysHay:u jrif&onfhES,f? tdrfajcwdkufwmawG i,foGm;av&m? atmufrSvSrf;atmfvdkuf
vQif Mum;&rnfxif&aom uRefawmfwkdU tdrfuav;udk renf;&SmMunfh&onf/ eHab;u
wdkufjzLjzLBuD;aMumifhom awGU&onf/
awmifatmufu Munfhawmh awmifxGwfudkeD;onfxif&í xdkawmifxGwfrS
atmufudkjyefMunfhawmh a0;onfxif&\/ tm;vkH;t&mwdkUonf ao;i,fvSygbd/
]atmf...ighajr igh,m ighwdkufwmeJUvdkU vlawG[m udk,fydkifwm uav;awGudkMunfh NyD;?
txifa&mufvdkufMuwm? 'Dtay:uae ikHUMunfhvdkufawmh wNrdKUvkH;[m bmrSr[kwf zl;?
uav;upm;wJU NrdKUykHpHt&kyfeJU wlao;awmhw,f}[k OD;ausmfu wpdrfhpdrfhMunfh&if;
rSwfcsufcsonf/
]tJ'g[m avmuudk tjyifuxGufMunfhwJU tjrifrsKd;ayghAs? xm0pOf'DvdkbJ
jrifwwfzdkUvdkw,f}[k uRefawmfu ynm&Sdvkyf\/
]Munfhprf;...[dktdrf....[dktdrfuav;awGxJrSm vlawG? tdrfaxmifom;awG[m udk,fhtpk
ttkyf udk,fhtvkyf? udk,fh'ku© udk,fhokc toD;oD;eJUaeMuwm? yk&GufqdwftkHxJ u
yk&Gufqdwfuav;awGeJU rwlbl;vm;Asm...}
]odyf...w&m;usraeeJU q&mBuD;? vlygusoGm;vdkU t&dk;tom;&SmrawGUbJ aetkH; r,f...}
xdkawmifcRef;ay:wGif tawmfem;aeNyD;rS uRefawmfwkdUatmufodkU jyefqif;Muonf/
tqif;wGif jrefjrefa&mufatmif apmufaom jzwfvrf;rS qif;Muojzifh vlawGudk,fudk
xdef;rwfEdkif&ef opfyifi,frsm;udk EIwfí awmifa0S;vkyfMu&onf/ þtxJrS q&mausmf
rSm cPcP zifavQmusjcif;jzifh olUtwGif;cHabmif;bDNyJavonf/ uRefawmfwkdUu tjrif
rawmfí rajymaomfvnf; olUom;urae....
]a[m..azaz...abmif;bDNyJaeNyDAs}qdkawmhrS olUykqdk;cg;pnf;udkajzcsí awmif tqif;rSm
olUydk;vkHcsnfESifh pwdkifwif;aeawmh\/
awmifcRef;rS qif;NyD; enf;enf;ajyaom ae&ma&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwkdU\
a&SUaqmifvrf;jy uif;axmufr,fu...
]a[m...[dku awmif*rl[m..ausmufwvkH;bJ? tJ'Dudk oGm;MutkH;rvm;}[k
uRefawmfwkdUykHyef;awGudkMunfhí ar;jref;&m? OD;ausmfESifh uRefawmfonf ESpfa,mufpvkH;udk
wdkifyifxm;Muonfhtvm;/ OD;acgif;awG,rf;Muum...
][m...awmfNyD...awmfNyD...atmufjrefjrefa&mufr,fh vrf;omnTefjyygawmh..}
3-em&Davmuf tdrfjyefa&muf? aemufwaeUreufwGif uRefawmfwkdU udk,fa&m vufawGrSm
xk&dkufxm;ovdk emaeawmhonf/ vrf;rravQmufEdkifMuawmh? ra&Tar
awmifay:oluawmh bmrQrjzpf? aps;oGm;NyD; 0,fjcrf;csufjyKwfvdkU? usKyfwkdUuawmh
ol0,fvmawmhrS eHeufpm rkHU[if;cg;udk pm;&awmhoAsm;.../
awmifBuD;ESifh&Srf;
&Srf;jynfawmifBuD;? awmifBuD;&Srf;jynf oGm;Murnfqdkawmh [dka&mufvQif &Srf;awG tMum;
jrefrmpum;rS vG,fvG,fulul ajymjzpfyghrvm;[k awG;í pdk;&drfcJUaMumif;? OD;ausmfu
ajymjyygonf/ pifppfaomfum;? awmifBuD;NrdKUonf &Srf;jynf[k qdk&aomfvnf; jrefrmjynf
t&yf&yf&Sd NrdKUrsm;uJUodkUyif/ w&kwfukvm; pD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;&mjzpfonf/ a&mif;a&; 0,fwm
ukefwdkufBuD;awGrSm trsm;tm;jzifh olwkdUomBuD;pdk;Muonf/ jrefrmESifh &Srf;ujym; awGrSm
vcpm;ESifh ukefonf? aps;onf i,fuav;rsm;om jzpfMuonf/ NrdKUay:wGif &Srf;
ppfppfyif enf;\/
yuwdtm;jzifh awmifBuD;NrdKUonf jrefrmjynf\ tjcm;NrdKUrsm;ESifh rjcm;em;bJ 5-
&ufwBudrf usif;yaom aps;aeUusrSomvQif ywf0ef;usif&Sd awmawmifa'owkdUrS ytdkU?
yavmif? awmif&dk;? &Srf;? "ekpaom vlrsKd;awG vma&mufMuí uarÁmZXmeD rnfayaom
o&kyfudk ay:ayonf/ þtcgwGif awmifBuD;aps; twGif;0,f &Srf;ukef;ajrjrifhxGuf
opfoD;opfESH opfOopfzkwdkU tpktpk ykHaeavonf/ ¤if;awmifBuD;NrdKUudk wnfaqmufMu
aom ausmaxmufaemufcH vlrsKd;pktppftrSefudk jrif&avonf/ ¤if;wkdUtxJrSm ytdkUu
trsm;qkH;jzpf\/
wu,fqdkawmh awmifBuD;NrdKU rsufjrifuGif;rSm &Srf;taMumif;udk a&;p&m r,fr,f &&
&SmrawGUyg/ awmifBuD;NrdKUay:rSm &Srf;ppfppfudk r&Sdoavmuf qdk&rnfyif/
a[m...pum;pyfrdí ajym&OD;rnf/ tck uRefawmfhrdef;rvJ rat&Srf;r? zat jrefrmav/
tr,f...pum;pyfrdvdkU OD;ausmfuvJ ajymoAs/ olUtzGm;[m pum;e,fu &Srf; tppfwJU?
wdkif;jynfrom,mvdkU jrefrmjynfa&mufvmNyD; a&TawmifrSm tajcpdkufojzifh
olwkdUqif;oufvmcJU&w,f qdkoudk;As/ OD;ausmf[m jrefrmpum; aumif;aumif;ryDwJU
olUtzGm; &Srf;rBuD;udk rSDvdkufao;owJU? 'gaMumifh OD;ausmfu olUrSm&Srf;aoG; av;ykHwykH
ygw,fvdkU qdkAs/
aomfwmaqGrSmvnf; &Srf;aoG;ygonf
atmf...olrsm;ajymNyD; uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmfjyefpdppfvdkufawmhvnf; &Srf;aoG;
ruif;acswum;? tpOD;awmh uRefawmfrodao;ygbl;? wcgawmh uRefawmfu tazhudk
ar;Munfhw,f/ ]taz&,f...vlrsm;awGu uRefawmfhudkArmeJUrwlbl;? w&kwfujym;vm;vdkU
ar;Muw,f? uRefawmfwkdUrSm w&kwfaoG;rsm; pyfovm;Asm}ar;Munfhawmh tazu ]w&kwf
aoG;pyfwmr[kwfzl;? rif;ArmeJU odyfrwlwmu 'dkUrSm&Srf;aoG;ygw,f? ightzdk;u &Srf;rsKd;
bJ} ajymrS uRefawmfrSm atmf..&Srf;eJU w&kwfu e,fcsif;pyfaeawmh &kyfcsif;qifMuoudk;
vdkU oabmayguf&awmhoAs/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfhudk w&kwfvdkU rxifMuygeJUawmhAsm...
aemf..../ uRefawmfwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;ppfppfyg/
rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGuf
OD;ausmfwkdU vlodkuf uRefawmfwdkUwnf;tdrfav;odkU a&mufNyD;? 10-&ufrQ avmuftMum
aeUv,fcif;ü uRefawmfhudk oduRrf;aeNyDjzpfaom pmydkUvkvifa&mufvm um tdrfatmufrS
]OD;aomfwmaqG refeDatmf'gygw,f cifAsm}[k toHudkMum;&onfwGif uRefawmfrSm
vGefpGmtHUMooGm;avonf/
igb,folUqDrSvJ rrSm&bJeJU b,fursm;? vmygvdrfh tdk...b,fujzpfjzpf aiG&wm
0rf;enf;p&mvm;? ,lxm;vdkuf&kHayhg[k tm;cJNyD; atmufqif;vmawmh vm;vm;..jzpfykHu
]OD;aomfwmaqGrS aus;Zl;jyKí OD;ausmfodkU}wJU/
usKyfrsufvkH;udkjyL;oGm;w,f/ aiGuav;uvJ 100d-xJ&,f/ 'geJU uRefawmfu
tay:vSrf;NyD;...
]OD;ausmfcifAsm; aiGrSm;xm;ovm;}
][kwfw,f? usKyfrSmaiGukefcgeD;aewmeJU}qdkNyD; olqif;vmw,f/
uRefawmfhrSm t&Idufxdk;vdkufovdk idkifqif;oGm;awmhonf/
b,fhES,fAsm tdrfay:aiGaowåm a&mufaeNyD; vdkoavmuf awmif;,lvdkufr,fvdkU
tm;cJxm;ygw,f/ 'if;um; aiGuav;w&m jyefrSmokH;ae&w,fqdkawmh awmuf/
NyD;awmh olwkdUom;tzESpfa,muf ajymMuwmvJ em;axmifOD;av/
armifaqGu... ]azazaiGa&mufNyD? uRefawmf&Srf;abmif;bD0,fr,f? "g;0,fr,f}
][m...r0,feJUtkH;uG? ighrSm okH;p&mawG&Sdao;w,f}
]tdk...azazuvJ OD;av;wmu &Srf;"g;0,fcJUygrSmvdkufvkdUAs}
]rif;"g;u b,favmufay;&rSmvJ}
]aps;ar;MunfhNyD;NyD ESpfq,favmufzJ}
]'gjzifh rif;OD;av;aqGqDu acs;&&if 0,foGm;vuGm? [dkusrS armifwmqDu
awmif;ay;vdkuf}
ao[JU eEd´,/
tvDBuD;awmif;vdkufr[JUvdkU olUudkaumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkcJU&orQ tv[ó
jzpfavNyD.../ uRefawmfhpdwful;,Of ausmufawmifBuD; tpdwftpdwftrTmrTmuGJavNyD/
usKyfuyif olUom; aiGacs;&OD;rwJU/
ompGtif;av; owif;arT;onf? a&S;,cifuyif Mum;bl;em;0ESifh pdwful;,OfcJU& onf/
tif;jyifus,fBuD;xJwGif a&ay:ü&Gmrsm;wnfí aeMuonf/ uRef;arsmtay:&Sd tdrfawGudk
aqmufMuonf/
uRef;arsmqdkonfrSm atmufuajreJUrqufzJ a&ay:rSmaeaom uRef;udkqdk&yg rnf/
]a&ay:rSm ay:aewJUuRef;qdkum Mum;&onfESifh tHUMordygonf/ xdkUjyif xdkuRef; onf
arsmaeí ]uRef;arsm}[k ac:wef&m\[k pOf;pm;rdjyefaomtcgü uRefawmfrSm tawmfyif
OD;aESmuf&Iyfp&m pdwful;,Ofrdjyefawmh\/
a&jyifus,f tif;tdkifwkdUrSm avjyif;xefwwfonf/ xdktcgü uRef;arsmay:wGif
wnfaqmufxm;aom tdrfwkdUudk avuwdk;a0SUjcif;jzifh olwkdUw&GmvkH;onf {&m0wDjrpf
twGif;u &GufavSBuD;rsm;uJUodkU arsmukefMuayvdrfhrnf/ xdkUjyifavjyif; 0JvSnfhjcif;?
avaAGxjcif;rsm;jzpfvQif uRef;csif;tdrfcsif; wdkufcdkufMuí ivsifvIyfouJUodkU jzpfukef&Sm
onf/ jrefrmwkdUxkH;pH tdrfajc&if;acgif;&if;? ta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmufwdkUonfvnf;
wcsdefESifh wcsdefrwlbJ wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd; ajymif;vJaeawmhrnf/
]ArmtawG;-&Srf;tajy;}qdkoudkAs/ tJ'DtawG;om rSefvdkuf&ifvJ tBuD;tus,f
'ku©ygbJvm;/
r[kwfao;ygbl;av? 'Dvdkrjzpf&atmif olwkdUwenf;wvrf; pDrHMunfrSmaygh/
b,fvdk pDrHrvJ/
uJ..Armav;..awG;vdkufprf;/
olwkdUtdrfawG acgif;&if;ajc&if; ESpfzufrSmvnf;aumif;? tdrfa&SUESifhaemufaz;buf
rSmvnf;aumif;? uRef;arsmab;wGif atmufu ajrBuD;a&mufatmif wdkifBuD;ESpfwdkif
odkUr[kwf av;wdkif tcdkiftrmpdkufNyD; tdrfawGudk BudK;rsm;Esifh qdkif;xm;ayrnf/ odkUrSom
vQif tdrfonf ra&GUr&Sm; rvSnfhrywf&Sdawmhrnf/
tif;...tJ'g jzpfEdkif&JU? tJ'DykHpHtwdkif; uRef;arsmwckay:tdrfwvkH;? odkUr[kwf ESpfvkH;
okH;vkH;? ponfjzifh pdwful;,OfMunfhvdkufawmh olwkdU&Gmu tdrfajcawG[m qif;&J
csrf;omvdkufí &efukefjrpfxJrSm ausmufcsxm;wJU avSawG orÁmefawG oabfmawGESifh
wlawmhoudk;/
tJ...w&Gmuw&Gmudk wtdrfom;vkH; tvnfoGm;csifw,f qdk&ifjzifh wdkifuqdkif;BudK;
awGjzKwf? tdrfacgifrdk;ay: &GufwdkifxlNyD; avaMumif;vdkufí vTifh&kH&Sdawmhwmaygh/ w,fvJ
edyfvdkufygvm;/ 'gaMumifh olwkdUa&xJ uRef;arsmay: tdrfaqmufaeMuwmbJ/ w,fvJ
OmPfBuD;wJUvlawGyguvm;/
wuxJ &GmvkH;uRwf r*Fvmaqmif udpötwGufvnf;aumif;? tvSLtwef;twGuf
vnf;aumif;? oGm;p&m&SdMu&ifjzifh [D..[D...uRefawmfwkdUqDrSm EGm;vSnf;awG? armfawmf
um;awG? armif;oGm;Muovdk olwkdUrSmawmh tdrfawG&GufvTifhoGm;MuawmhrSmbJ/ w,fvJ
aumif;vdkufyguvm;/ p&dwfpuvJrukef/ b,foljzifhrrmvdkUrvdkufEdkifbl;qdkwmr&Sd/
b,fuav;rSvJ vdkufyg&ap ylp&mrvdk/
tdk....olwkdUXmeonf ewfbkHewfeef;ygwum;/
tif;av;uefwGif uRef;arsmay:wGif tdrfaqmufí &GmwnfaeMuaMumif; uRefawmf\ZeD;
uarÁmZorD;awmfu ajymíMum;&aomtcgü uRefawmfutxufyg twdkif;
a&TOmPfawmfpl;a&mufNyD; ]rif;ajymwJUtwdkif; tJvdkaerSmbJ}[k olUudkajymMunfh&m
]tdk...rdarmifpdwful;ujzifh vGefNyD;pma&;q&myDyD awG;aMumudk&Snfw,f}
]at;av..'gawmh igutawG; rif;utajy;udkuG..}
]rif;utajymvdkUqdkyg pum;ajymwm um&efvdkufraeprf;ygeJU...}
][m...'gu um&efvdkufajymwm r[kwfzl;uG? ]igu tawG;rif;utajy;}qdkwm rl&if;udk
ajymwmbJ}
]bmt"dyÜm,fvJ}
]tdk..iguArm rif;u&Srf;ravuGm... ]ArmtawG; &Srf;tajy;}qdkwJU pum;udk
emrfpm;oGif;ajymwmuG}
]awmfprf;yg...ArmtawG; &Srf;tajy;qdkwmjzifh oufoufArmawGu &Srf;udkESdrfwJU
pum;yg/
][..'Dpum;rif;u rcHEdkif&atmif tckigawG;wmawG r[kwfzl;vdkU rif;ajymEdkifo vm;}
]'guawmh arvJudk,fwdkif ra&mufzl;vdkU rodao;bl;...}
]'gjzifh igvdkynm&Sdudk jiif;raeeJUawmh? 'dkUa&mufwJUwaeUrSm trSefodMurSmaygh}
]uJ...ajymaeMuma&mh? awma[r0g? omwJUeef; ArmtawG;&Srf;tajy;wJU pcef;ra0;vSwJU
tif;av;XmeD? rMumrDod&atmif ArmawG; awG;tNyD;rSm &Srf;ajy; ajy;MunfhMupdkU&JU
'Drav&Gmpm; armfawmfum;eJUydkU}
(xdkpOf OD;xGef;&u pHum;e,f trwfqdkawmh &Gmpm;ru e,fpm;vdkUawmif ac:csif
ac:EdkifwmayghAsm? bmaMumifhqdk OD;xGef;&wdkU um;eJUydkUwmudk;)
awmifBuD;rStif;av;
arv 3-&ufaeU rGef;wnfh 12-em&DcefUwGif OD;xGef;&? OD;odef;nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wkdU\
armfawmfum; ESpfpD;jzifh OD;ausmf? armifaqG? txGef;? udkazodef;ESifh uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;
oaumifhom; 'gZif0ufwkdUonf tif;av;odkUoGm;&ef awmifBuD;NrdKUrS xGufcJUMu av\/
awmifBuD; awmifcyef;ü auGUum ywfum qif;aepOfwGif &moDOwkrSm rIdif;ysys &Sdonf/
awmifckd; awmifaiGUwkdUonf [dkwpk onfwpk ylíaeMuonfudk tay:rSpD;í
MunfhEdkifonf/ atmufajc cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm usD;jzLuefazG;azG;udkjrif&onf/ usD;iSuf\
ykHo@mefESifhwlí usD;jzLuefac:onf[k qdkMuonf/ wcsKdUuvnf; þuefwl;pOf
apmfbGm;\ yckH;ay:udk usD;jzLvmem;í[k qdkMuonf/
12-em&DcGJwGif awmifBuD;NrdKUrS 12-rdkifa0;aom a&TanmifNrdKUodkU a&mufMuíacwå &yfem;NyD;
blwm&kHudk 0ifMunhfMuonf/ awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf\ rD;&xm;vrf;qkH; rSefay wum;/
awmuf/ uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m; &efukefrSvmpOf {NyDv 14-&ufaeUnu tpm
iwfa&iwf wnwm 'kAÇdu©Eå&uyf cHítdyfcJU&\/ aea&mav; jyefjrif&awmh?
,cifu'kau©monf ,ck&,farmp&m jzpfaeonfudk qifjcifrd\/ blwm&kHtcef; ESpfckpyf
Mum;u vloGm;vrf; oJ&Syf&Syf/
a&TanmifrS xGufcJUí 3-rdkifomomcefU a&mufonfwGif ayg&dowfbk&m;udk awGU& onf/
bk&m;a[mif;ausmif;ysufudk jrifvQif olUtzGm;u pHum;e,fu&Srf;rsKd;[kqdkaom
OD;ausmfonf olUbdk;bGm; bDbifudk awGU&onftvm;? armfawmfum;&yfcdkif;NyD; txGef;tm;
"gwfykHudk &dkufapawmhonf/
aEGpdkufpyg;
xdkrS...a&SUodkUvm;aomf aEG&moDwGif jrefrmjynfESifh jcm;em;aom &Iarsmfcif;udk awGU&onf/
wmvrf;ab; ESpfzufajrmif;awGrSm a&awGjynfhvQHum woGifoGifpD;vsuf v,fawGrSm
aumufpdkufaeMu\/
wefcl;v aumufpdkufw,fqdkawmh uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmjynfom;tzdkU xl;qef;ae onf/
]b,fhES,f...OD;xGef;&..'Dtcsdefaumufpdkufaeawmh b,ftcsdef&dwfMuovJAs...
]0gqdk 0gacgifrSm &dwfwmayghcifAsm}
][if..tJ'DtcsdefrSm a&rBuD;bl;vm;...}
]BuD;NyDvm; q&m..avSeJU oGm;&dwf&w,f}
]tdk pyg;yifawG a&repfzl;vm;}
]repfwJU trsKd;cifAs? a&rsm;av olujrifhvmavbJ}
em;vnfygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmjynf a&rsm;&ma'orsm;wGif pdkufMuaom
]wawmifydk}pyg;rsKd; jzpfayonf/
olwkdUqDü v,f,mpdkufysKd;&onfrSm uRefawmfwkdUjrefrmjynfESifh qefUusifbufjzpf
aeonf/ uRefawmfwkdUXmeDrSm waEGvkH; ukef;ajcmufajcmufESifhaeí rdk;OD;us a&uav;
&vmrS xGef,ufpdkufysKd;&onf/ olwkdUqDuawmh q,fhESpf&moD a&rsm;aevsuf waygif;
wcl; a&enf;oGm;onfh tcgav;udkzrf;NyD; xGef,ufpdkufysKd;&ayonf/
jrefrmjynfu rdk;udkBudK&\/ olwkdUqDu a&usudk apmifh&\/ uRefawmfwkdUqDwGif
wmvrf;eHab;awGrSm t&dyftm0gotwGuf ukuúdKyifawG? olwdkUqDrSmawmh refusnf;yif
awG? &GufEka0vsuf wufcl;csifp&m aumif;vSonf/
a&TanmifNrdKUa&muf&ef rdkif0ufrQtvdkwGif a&T&efajyapwDwJU/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;BuD;
wckrSmvnf; tvGefa&S;usaom tEkpdyfvSaom yef;ykvuf&mawGESifh q&mausmfwkdU "gwfykH
&dkufMuao;onf/
anmifa&TESifh a&Tanmif
anmifa&TESifh a&Tanmifudk pmzwfol jrefrmjynfomjzifh owdxm;ygav/ anmifa&T rSm
jrefrm&mZ0ifwGif yg0ifcJUí uRefawmfwdkUem;rSm ,Ofaeojzifh/ a&Tanmif[laomem rnfudk
xyfMum;&onfwGif emrnfcsif; OD;ESifhyJUNidaeaomaMumifh wckxJayavm...em;axG; p&m
jzpfaeonf/ pifppfum;wNrdKUpD/ 7-rdkifomomuav; a0;onf/
a&Tanmifonf awmifBuD;ESifh[J[dk;oGm; um;vrf;ay:wGif&Sdí ckacwfrSm rd;&xm;
blwmaMumifh xif&Sm;onf/ anmifa&Tum; xdka&TanmifrS cGJoGm;&aom tif;av;odkU
pD;qif;aom acsmif;urf;yg;ay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/ &Srf;jynfapmfbGm; NrdKUawmfBuD;jzpfí
&mZ0ifrSm xif&Sm;cJUonf/ BuD;pGmaom a[mfeef;BuD; &Sdonf? aemufqkH; pdk;pHcJUolum;
pyfa&Todkuf/
anmifa&TNrdKU&Sd &wemrmefatmif apwDawmfBuD;um;? a&Tajymifajymif bkHtqifh qifhESifh
oyÜm,fvSygaypG/ þykHrsKd;udk jrefrmjynfü rawGUbl;ao;acs/ avbuf;av;wef wGif
tkwfeH&HwHwdkif;BuD; um&Hxm;\/
aeUv,fwem&D 15-rdepfwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf tif;av;odkUoGm;&ef avSqdyfodkU
a&mufMu\/
olwkdUqDu avSawGjrif&awmh uRefawmfwkdUrsufpdwGif xl;qef;jyefacsonf/ jrefrmjynf&Sd
b,ft&yfu avSESifhrSrwl/ txl;ojzifh udk,fxnfajymifajymifESifh &Snfvsm; onf/
avS0rf;ydkufxJwGif tuefUrsm;vnf;r&Sd/ zsmcif;NyD; ajyjypfpGmxdkif&onf/ a&pdrfh
r0ifEdkifatmif pyfaMumif;rsm;udk o&dk;udkifxm;onf/ þavSBuD;rsKd;udk
yJUcsdwfpufwyfonf/ ,if;armfawmfESifh uRefawmfwkdU c&D;qufcJUMuonf/
anmifa&TrS tif;xJxGufaom acsmif;rSm 10-ayrQomus,f&m? xdktxJwGif
ydwfpG,fyifrsm;u ESpfzufnSyf aygufae&kHru aA'gyifawGuvnf; xlajymvSojzifh
armfawmfyif tawmfcJ,Of;pGm xdk;xGuf&\/ tcsKdUae&mwGif vrf;aysmufaeí avSay:rSm
toifhaqmifxm;&aomxdk;0g;ESifh aA'gtkHawGudk wGef;z,f7onf/ þae&monf ]bJtkyfu
w&mESpf&m aA'gu wyifxJ r[kwf/ ]OD;aA'g tm;rmefaumif;? acsmif;ydwfa&mh bJ}
,if;odkUcufcufcJcJoGm;ae&pOf rsufESmcsif;qdkifvmaom vufavSmfavSudkrl
armfawmfvmwmjrifvQif acsmif;us,fus,fae&mrSm &yfwefUí ae&onf/ armfawmfcsif;
awGUvQif ESpfOD;vkH;u puf&yfNyD; jznf;nSif;pGm a&Smif&onf/
þenf;jzifh ESpfrdkifausmfrQ c&D;oGm;&NyD;? aemufqkH;uGif;jyifus,fBuD;xJ a&mufrS
armfawmfudk pufukefzGifh&avawmh\/
'Dtcgusawmhjzifh w,fpD;vdkU aumif;vSoAsm.../
a&a&mifrSm pdr;f&mujym? jym&mrS &ifharmif;vmavonfwGif tif;xJ wrdkifc&D;rQ
a&mufavaomf..yuwd yifv,ftwdkif; jzpfoGm;av\/
a&a&mifcsif; wlbdvnf;? yifv,fuJUodkU vIdif;avSvkH;0r&Sd/ vufESifhcyf,laomf
yuwdpdrf;jymjym tcJBuD;rsm;ygvmrnfxif&\/ wu,fMunfhawmh vufxJwGif bma&mif
rQr&Sd/
þtif;BuD;onf ta&SUESifhtaemuf awmif&dk;ESpfckMum;ü ',ftdk;BuD;ozG,f wnf&Sd
aeav&m? teH 7rdkif? tvsm; 14-rdkif? &Snfownf;/
oHo&mBuD;ESifh b0wu@
uRefawmfonf 1955 ckESpf? aEG&moDuarmif;ruef yifv,furf;ajcodkU a&mufcJU onf/
armif;ruefurf;ajconf 'Da&twuftus vIdif;*Dwjzifh tqkH;owfr&Sdaom
yifv,fa&jyifudk Munfhí &Iarm&onf/
tif;av;onf e,fedrdwf owfrSwfxm;aom a&? ajr? awmawmifudk Munfhí
MunfEl;&\/
yifv,f&IarQmfcif;onf tqkH;udkrcefUrSef;Edkifaom oHo&mBuD;ESifhwlí tif;av; uefonf
rdrd\ ypöu©b0 wu@ESifhwlygonf/
]tif;v,fodkUa&mufí a&xJ aqmufvkyfxm;aom AdkvfwJudkjrif&aomf? uRefawmf wdkUtm;
OD;xGef;&u yxrü þAdkvfwJwGif wnf;aprnf? BuHNyD;cgrS xdkpOfu ygvDref
a&G;aumufyGJeD;aeí z-q-y-vrS EdkifiHa&;yk*¾dKvfrsm;? rJqG,fw&m;a[m&ef vmMurnf
jzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUudk tif;aygckH&GmodkU ac:oGm;&onfqdkaom ajymif;vJcsufudk
vGefpGmrS0rf;om&ygawmh\/ taMumif;rSm þAdkvfwJonf vlaetdrfajcESifhreD;? a&v,f
wGif xD;xD;BuD;&SdaeoaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUtm; tus,fcsKyfESifh axmifcsxm;ouJUodkU
om &Sdacsonf/ uHaumif;aypG/ rdrdvdkcsifwmcdkif;ap&ef AdkvfwJapmifhom&SdowJU/
xdka&v,facgifrS vGefajrmufavaomf? &Gmaetdrfajcrsm;udk jrif&í? OD;xGef;&u
&Gmemrnfrsm;udk ajymjyonfü 'dkif,m&Dq&mOD;ausmfu bmvkyfzdkU&,frod wukyfukyfESifh
a&;bd\/ uRefawmfwkdUuawmh aygufwwfu&pum;aoG;Mu\/
uav;ajc csLqJGowJU
]a[h...armifaqG? rif;[dka&mif&ifawmh ajcaxmufcsLqGJxm;&vdrfhraemf...}
taMumif;rSm tif;av;uefa&xJü aqmufvkyfaexdkifMuaom tdrfwkdUü aqmhwwf
aomuav;t&G,frsm;udk ajcaxmufü csLukHqGJxm;onf/ rdbwkdUonf csLoHudk Mum;ae
ygu uav;tdrfay:ü aumif;pGm&SdaeaMumif;od&í csLoHaysmufoGm;ygu tdrfatmuf
usoGm;NyDjzpfojzifh Munfvifaom a&xJü uav;udkjrif&vsuf vG,fulpGm vdkufí
q,f,l&onf/ odkUESifh olwkdUqDu uav;rsm;onf rMumrDa&ul;wwfukef\/
'guRefawmfh rdef;r&JUtajymcifAs? xdktaMumif;udk ajymjyí olwkdUtm; uRefawmfu
aemufjcif;jzpf&m? armifaqGu...
]OD;av;& uRefawmfu i,fayr,fhvdkU raqmhbl;cifAs? a[m'DOD;av; udkazodef; om
BuD;aumifBuD;rm;eJU odyfaqmhwm? olUajcaxmufudk csLBuD;BuD; qGJay;&r,f}
]at;..ighajcaxmuf csLBuD;BuD; qGJay;&r,fqdk&if ighxufBuD;wJUrif;taz ajcaxmufawmh
cavmufqGJay;&rSmbJ}
udkazodef;u jyeftkyfonfü armifaqGu raxmif;wmaomfvnf; olUarG;ozcifu
'dkif,m&Da&;ae&mrS...
]usKyfudkrxnfhMueJUav? udk&ifwkdU[m udk&ifwkdUcsif;ajymMu}
xdktcg tif;av;taMumif; Mum;bl;xm;onfrsm;xJrS aemufwckowd&í...
]a[h...armifaqG&? 'dkUu udkazodef;udkawmh ]t,fykHwmawvkyfovdk vkyf&r,fuG}
]b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ? OD;av;ajym...
t,fykHwmaw
a&S;acwfu (,ckawmhrod) olwkdUtif;av;ü vlysKdvSnfhMuonfrSm nOfhtcsdef
vlysKdutysKdUtdrfudk oGm;&onf/ xdktcgwGif vlBuD;rdbrsm;u a&Smifay;&í tysKdu
vlysKdudk rjyefrcsif; {nfhcHpum;ajym&onf/
wcgaomf rmeBuD;vSaom rdbESifh orD;ysKdwa,muf&Sdav&m? xdkrmeudk csKd;&ef?
&Twfwwfaemufwwfojzifh olwkdUtif;om;pum;jzifh ]t,fykHwmaw}trnf&aom vlonf
tjcm;tazmfwa,mufESifh bkef;BuD;ausmif;u wifysOfqif;wkawmfudk vkHNckHatmif
apmifESifhywfí vlokH;a,mufvmMuonfh[ef tv,frS rç,lNyD; avSay:rS tdrfay:odkU
wifMu\/ tysKda&SUa&mufaomtcgvnf; olwkdUokH;a,muf xdkifMuonfh
o@mefxdkifMuNyD; acwåtMumü vlESpfa,mufu ]uRefawmfwkdU jyefygtkH;r,f? cifAsm;udk
vlysKdvSnfh&atmif vmoluawmh a[m'DudkvlacsmygbJ}[k tysKdudkajymNyD; qif;wkawmfudk
xm;í jyefoGm;Mu \/
rmeBuD;vSaom tysKduvnf;pum;rp/
'Dvdk at;csrf;aom &moDrSm vlwdkif;yif wudk,fvkH; apmifNcKHavh&SdMuojzifh qif;wk
awmfrSef;vnf;rod/
wp-wpESifh nOfheufvmavaomf? tysKdvnf; tdyfcsifvmNyDjzpfí aemufqkH;ü
onf;rcHEdkifawmhbJ...
]&Sif...b,fhES,f[mvJ? ikwfwkwfBuD; xdkifaevdkUNyD;a&mvm;? ajymp&m&Sd ajymNyD; jyefav?
oef;acgif ausmfNyDawmh}
a&SUrSikwfwkyfrvIyf/
onfvdkESifh Mumvwfaomf? ra&Tacsmu rcHr&yfEdkifatmif a'goxGufum olUrdb
rsm;udkac:í wdkifawmhonf/
]a[m..'DrSm vmNyD; MunfhvkyfMuygtkH;? vla&SUrSm t&kyfBuD;vdk ikwfwkwfBuD; xdkifae NyD;/
bmwcGef;rSvJ rajymbJeJU? jyefcsdefwefvkdUvJ rjyefbl;? b,fvdkvlpm;vJ rodbl;}
xdkoa&mtcg rme&Sif rdbESpfyg;onf tl,m;zm;,m; a&mufvmMuNyD;? ]]a[h armif&if
vGefvScsnfhvm;? rif;b,folUom;vJ}[k vnf*kwfudk nSpfí apmifNcKHudk vSpfvkduf
avomf...
&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ &kyfyGm;awmf qif;wkrkedt&Sifudk zl;jrif&avum;? wkefvIyf
acsmufcsm;pGm/ &Sdcdk;uefawmhMuNyD;aemuf? &SufzG,fudpö vlolav;yg; rod&avatmif
csufcsif;yif avSESifh wifí&Gmxdyfausmif;odkU jyefydkU&av\/
odkUaomf..avSavSmfoGm;pOf wckaomae&mrS...
]AsKdUq&mBuD; orufavmif; ausmif;ydkUovm;..}[laom t,fykHwmaw\ atmf[pf oHudk
Mum;&onf[lowwf/ ajymprSwf pum;aywnf;/
þtaMumif;udk tajccHí uRefawmfu aemufjcif;jzpf&um;
]'DvdkavuGm...armifaqG&? rif;eJUigu udkazodef;udk qif;wkawmfvdk apmifeJUvkH atmif
ywfNyD;? tv,funSyfac:oGm;r,f? tysKdUtdrfay:a&mufawmh 'dkU3-a,mufxdkifMu NyD;
[dktwdkif;bJ udkazodef;udk a&SUxm;NyD; 'dkUujyefoGm;r,f? tJ'DtcgrS udkazodef;u bmrS
rajymbJ ikwfwkwfBuD; rvIyfzJae? 'Dawmh cketif;av;ykHjyif t,fykHwmawtaMumif;
Mum;bl;aewJU tysKd[m udkazodef;udk qif;wkawmfrSwfNyD; olUrdbawGudkac:r,f? 'Dawmh
rdbawGuvJ (tif;...acwfopft,fykHwmawawmh 'dkUtdrfvmayGoGm;NyD)qdkNyD; jyefydkUbdkU
b,fausmif;u qif;wkawmfvJ od&atmif apmifNcKHzGifh tMunfhrSm...}
]t[m;..[m;..[m;..}armifaqGobmawGUoGm;um..
]OD;av; rsufESmaMumif wvkvkav;vJjrifa&m? om;trdom;tazawG 0dkif;NyD;
b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ rodbl;aemf..}
]olUoabmusNyD; orD;eJUay;pm;csif ay;pm;vdkufrSmuG}
]tm...[kwfw,f? OD;av; azodef;vkyfygvm;As? vlysKdBuD;b0u pGHoGm;atmif}
NyKH;aphaphESifhem;axmifaeaom udkazodef;u...
]rif;wdkUtBuHrqdk;ygbl;uGm...'gayr,fh rif;tazurS ausmif;qif;wkeJU wlwmu tck
xdkifaeykHMunfhav...}
þwGif avS0rf;tv,fü tom;jzLjzL? ezl;ajymifajymifESifh (ajymr,fqdkvJ ajymp&m)
wifysOfacGxdkifaeaom q&mausmfudk oGm;xdjyefum...
]udk&ifwkdU[m udk&ifwdkUajymMuwm usKyfqJGrxnfhMueJUqdk}
,if;ü olUom;awmfarmifu olUtazudk aphaphMunfhNyD;]
][kwfw,f [kwfw,f? OD;av;azodef;ajymwm? azazu ausmif;qif;wkeJU wlw,f}
]w,f...'Daumifav;..ajym&r,fh rajym&r,fh pum;rSef;rod? vlBuD; r&dkraoeJU}
q&mausmfu om;udkqkH;rpum;ajym&m
][m...azazuvJ? ausmufqif;wkeJU wlw,fajymwm r&dkao&ma&mufrSmvmAsm}[k
armifaqGuapm'u wufonf uRefawmfu..][kwfom;bJAsm? ausmufqif;wkudkbJ
vlawG&Sdcdk;OD;cdkuf jyKaeMuwmbJ}
]awmf...awmf..udk&ifBuHpnfwJU udpöudk&ifxJ qif;wkawmfvkyf}
þwGif udkazodef;u..
][m..udkaqGeJUawmh rjzpfawmhbl;As? olUyg;pyfu nbufqdk t&ufeHUwaxmif; axmif;
xGufaewmbJ}
]tJ..[kwfw,f 'Dawmh OD;ausmfbJvkyf}
]udk&if yg;pyfydwfprf; rajymaumif;wJU pum;udk odMum;omoema&muf&if aps;OD; ayguf
rdk;BudK;ypfcH&rSm udk&ifbJ}
]atmifr,fav;..uRefawmfhyg;pyfu awGUu&mawG ajymwwfayr,fh pdwfxJu bk&m; w&m;
MunfndKw,fqdkwm odMum;rif;u odNyD;om;ygAsm}
tif;xJwGif tdrfajcwnfaeykHrsm;
uRefawmfwkdU c&D;onfvrf;wGif eef;yefNrdKUudk jzwfausmfcJUNyD;aemuf? nae3-em&DcJG wGif
tif;BuD;\ awmifbuftpGefü&Sdaom tif;aygckH&GmodkU a&mufMuav\/
xdktcgusrSyif uRef;arsmay:aqmufxm;aom tdrfwkdUudkra&TU&Sm;atmif qdkif;BudK; ESifh
xm;&vsuf c&D;oGm;vdkvQifwtdrfvkH; &GufvTifhoGm;Muvdrfhrnf[laom uRefawmf
r[mArm\ tawG;jyóemBuD; &Sif;vif; oGm;ayawmh\/
uRef;arsmqdkonfrSm xlxyfodyfonf;vSaom aA'gjyifrS tpjyKrnfjzpf\/ xdkaA'g
jyifay:udk avESifhrdk;ESifh 'dkufoa&mwdkUwifrnf/ xdk'dkufoa&mwdkUonf ykyfí aygif;pnf;
aomtcg ajrMoZmjzpfum jrufyifrsm;aygufrnf/ ,if;odkUvQif umvMumaomtcgü
a&ay:üay:vmaom uRef;arsmrsm; jzpfvmvdrfhrnfwnf;/
xdkuRef;arsmrsm;ay:ü tdrfawGwnfaqmufMuonfqdkonfrSm [dka&SUacwfor,
tif;av;wGif vlaewnfpu wHig tdrfuav;rsm;om jzpfayrnf/
,ckacwf wdk;wufBuD;yGm;aeaom tif;av;&Gmrsm;&Sd tdrfBuD; tdrfaumif;wdkUrl
a&atmufajrwGif wdkifpdkufí aqmufxm;Muonfom jzpfukef\/ tcsKdUvnf; a&wdrf&m
wGif ajrudkzdkU,lí uRef;jyKum ukef;ay:wGif aqmufMu\/
cktcsdefvnf; uRef;arsmay:wGif tdrfraqmuf r[kwfyg/ odkUaomf ao;i,faom
wJuav;rsm;omwnf;/ tcsKdUonf uRef;arsmay:wGif ajrBuD;wifí ukef;jyKum toD;
tyifpdkuf&ef tokH;cs\/ O,smOfajroawm/
tif;av;&Sd &GmwkdUonf ukef;wwef a&wwefESifh tifrwefacsmifusí rD;&xm;vrf;
armfawmfum;vrf; oabFmvrf;rSmvnf; r&SdaomaMumifh odyfNyD; ]awmus}
vSonfxif&onf/ odkUaomfrSm;avpG/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;aumif;í aMu;&wufrsm;&Sdojzifh
olwkdUtdrfawGrSm yD,mEdk? a&'D,dk z&pf*spf'gESifh yefumESifh? w&GmvkH; pkaqmufxm;Muaom
vQyfppf"gwftm;ay;pufESifh tif*sifrD;rsm;vnf; oD;yGifhMuukef\/ tif;av;vlcsrf;omwdkU
wGif olwkdUXmae a&jyifwGifokH;&ef yJUcsdwfarmfawmf? ukef;vrf;wGifoGm;&ef armfawmfum;
rsm;vnf;&SdMuí tif;qdyfurf;NrdKU jzpfaom anmifa&TNrdKUüxm;Mu\/
tif;av;&Sd &GmwdkU\vkyfief;rSm wHigv,f,mESifhydk;xnfrsm; &ufvkyfjcif;aywnf;/
jrefrmjynfü 0wfaeMuaom befaumufonf tif;av;rStrsm;qkH;xGuf\/
Zif;r,ftxnfum; jrefrmjynfwGif tif;av;rSwyg; tjcm;a'owGu rxkwfvkyfEdkifMu
ukef/
r&ufvkyfEdkifonfrSm ta&mifqdk;tuGufazmfykHuvnf;cuf? vufvnf; 0ifvSaom
aMumifhjzpf\/ befaumufESpfxnfNyD;csdefrSm Zif;r,fwxnfom&\/
xdkenf;udk,lí tjcm;a'owGif vkyfrjzpfr[kwfyg/ jzpfyg\/ odkUaomf vufcçcsif;
uGmvSí tif;av;xGufESifh ,SOfíNydKifNyD;a&mif;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/
bmaMumifh vufccsif; uGm&ygoenf;
wcgu tif;av;rS xdkynmwwfol ,uúef;onfrsm;udkac:um &efukefwGif Zif;r,f
befaumuf,uúef;axmif&ef BuHpnfbl;Mu\/ odkUaomftif;av;olrsm;onf
&efukefa&mufaomtcgü &ufcEIef;udk olwkdU&Gmu aps;ESifhrvkyfEdkifawmhacs/
taMumif;rSm vlaerIp&dwfu uGmjcm;vSaomaMumifhjzpf\/ xdkUtwGuf rEåav; uvnf;
r&ufEdkifjcif;jzpf\/
tif;av;ol tif;av;om;wkdUrSm a&xJwGifaeMuí rsm;pGmrS vlaerIp&dwf tukef tus
oufomvS\/ jyZmwf &kyf&Sifrsm;Munfh&efvnf;r&Sd/ naps;wef;xGufNyD; 'efayguf
acgufqGJpm;&efvnf; ewåd? 5-&ufwBudrf &Sdaomeef;yefaps;odkU udk,fhavESifhudk,f oGm;csif
rSoGm;NyD; vdkcsifwmudk 0,fygbd\/
tvkyform;rsm;onf NrdKUt&yfa'orsm;rSmvdk t0wftpm;udk [efusyefus qif,ifNyD;
vrf;p&dwf tukeftuscHum tvkyf&Sd&modkUoGm;&efrvdk/ udk,fhtdrfay:rSmyif
udk,fh,uúef;pifu&Sdae\/ odkUr[kwf [dkem;'Dem;u ,uúef;&kHrsm;udk xrD&ifvsm;ESifhbJ
avESifhoGm;vdkuf&kHaygh/
tif;av;wGif a,mufsm;a&m? rdef;ryg ,uúef;&ufMuonf/ olwkdU\ toufarG;rI ynmESifh
vkyfief;onf tdrfay:rSmbJ&Sdae\/
uRefawmfwdkU wnf;cdkcJUaom tif;aygckH&Gmonf tif;av;e,fwGif befaumufESifh Zif;r,f
trsm;qkH;&ufaom &GmBuD;jzpf\/ w&GmvkH;\ vkyfief;onf ,uúef;/ vlcsrf;om awGvnf;
rsm;vS\/
avSwpif;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUonf &GmxJudkavQmufvnfaomtcg? tdrf\wHwm;pGef;
ay:wGif ydk;rQifrsm; a&aq;aeonfudkjrif&onf/ vufcwfoH pDpDnHaeonf/ wcsKdU wtdrf
wpifodkUr[kwf oD;oefUaqmufxm;aom ,uúef;&kHBuD;rsm; pifNydKifcwfMuonf/ þum;...
,if; 1956-ckESpfu awGUcJU&aom jrifuGif;/
rwfwwf&yf avScwfonf/
uRefawmfwdkUonf avSay:wGifxdkifí vufjzifhom avSmfwwfonf/ olwkdUqDu
vlrsm;um;? rwfwwf&yfum vufwzufESifh wufudkudkifNyD; aygifMum;oGif;um ajcckHESifh
uvwfí cwfonf/
aumif;\/ avSmftm;vnf;&Sd\/ wudk,fvkH;vnf; vIyf&Sm;rI&\/ þenf;rQ rjyK& aomf
tif;av;ol? tif;av;om;wkdUrSm vr;favQmuf&ef ajrBuD;r&Sdojzifh atmufydkif;odrf
rukefavm? olUa'oESifholU"avhonf avsmfuefoifhjrwfonfomwnf;/
tif;om;ESifhaq;cg;
'Dvdktif;tdkifa'o pdrfhprf;&Sd&mXmewGif iSufzsm;a&m*g&&Sdayrnf/ taemufEdkifiH
aq;ynm&SifwdkU azmfpyfaom iSufzsm;a&m*g umuG,fonfh uGDEdkifonf cg;vS\/ xdkUtwl
taemufEdkifiHaq;awG jrefrmrsm; rMum;bl;cifu tif;om;awGpm;aeaom aq;cg;rSm
vnf; cg;vS\/ odkUaomf[if;xJxnfhcsufpm;onfjzpfí av;yifaomt&omjzpfvm\/
tif;om;wdkUrSm tusifhygaeí aq;cg;rygvQif pm;rjzpf/ uRefawmfwdkUrpm;bl;ol yifvQif
acG;awmuf? wrm? Muuf[if;cg;oD;rsKd; BudKufESpfoufoljzpfvQif aq;cg;udk cHwGif;
awGUoGm;wwfygonf/
aq;cg;onf olwdkUtif;xJwGif &Sdaom ]aq;cg;yif}udk tajcmufvSef;NyD; qD;jzLoD;
zefcg;oD;wdkUESifh trIefUaxmif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdktrIefUudk vQmESifhwdkUMunfhvQif
wGefUwuf oGm;atmif cg;vSí [if;wtdk;vufonf;waumfpmrQcwf&\/
olUt&omrSm yxrcsKdoGm;NyD; 'kwd,cg;í wwd,jyefcsKdjcif;jzifh tqkH;owfoGm;\/
azmifawmfOD;bk&m;
uRefawmfwdkUa&mufNyD; aemufwaeUü aps;aeUBuKHojzifh eef;yefaps;odkU oGm;MuNyD; aemuf
aeUv,fydkif;wGif tif;av;&Sdxif&Sm;aom &GmBuD;rsm;udk armfawmfESifhvnfywfMu onf/
tif;av;XmeDwGif txl;ojzifh tHUMocsD;usL;&onfrSm olwdkUqDwGif uRefawmfwdkU
jrefrmjynf rsufpdjzifh Munfhaomf&GmESifhrvdkufatmif bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;ESifh apwDykxdk;
rsm; BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSjcif;yifjzpfonf/
]wyJ&vdkU ESpfjym;vSL? igwdkUvlrsKd; wkEdkif&dk;vm;}qdkonfh o&kyfudkay:ayonf/
a&S;usaom apwD*lykxdk;rsm;ü&Sdaom yef;csDyef;ykwdkUonf yk*Hacwfu vuf&mrsKd;
jzpfaMumif; tavmif;pnfol (rPdpnfol) rif;vufxufu þXmeD pwnfcJUonf[k
tqdkjyKMuonf/
xdkUtjyif tavmif;pnfolrif; wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJUonfqdkaom azmifawmfOD; bk&m;/
]azmifawmfOD;bk&m;}qdk&mü apwDBuD;wqlr[kwf/ &kyfyGm;awmfi,f 5-ql?
wifyv’ifacGudk,fawmfrsm;jzpfMu\/ odkUaomfa&S;acwftqufqufu cscJUaom a&Trsm;
xlajymvSí rl&if;ykHawmfudk rzl;jrif&awmhay? aumuf&dk;rItikHvdk vkH;wkH;wkH;jzpfaeawmh\/
uRefawmfwdkUa&mufoGm;csdefü xdk&kyfyGm;awmfrsm; oDwif;okH;&ef uRef;BuD;wckay:rSm
BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom *E¨uk#Dausmif;awmfBuD;udk wnfaqmufaeonf/ wydkif;wpjrif&&kH
ESifh tif;av;ydokumwdkU vufpGrf;udk odomay\/
þazmifawmfOD; &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;rSm oDwif;uRwfyGJawmftcsdefwGif tif;av;&Sd &Gmrsm;odkU
tzl;tarQmfcH&ef a'opm&D<ucsDonfrSwyg;? tjcm;tcsdefrsm;wGif rlvae&mrS yifhír&[k
tqdk&SdcJUonf/
wefcdk;awmf
wcgaomf tmPmawmf tpGrf;jyvdkaom apmfbGm;wOD;onf vlxkqE´qefUusifí
yGJawmfcgr[kwfygbJvsuf &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk azmifESifhyifhcsDav&m tif;v,fwGif avBuD;
rdk;BuD;usNyD; azmifarSmufí &kyfyGm;awmfrsm; a&odkcukef\/
apmfbGm;onf rdrdtrSm;udk &Sdcdk;toem;awmfcHNyD; &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk ydkufESifhwdkufí q,f&m
av;qlom&NyD;? wqlaomudk,fawmfum;? olUtvdktavsmuf rlvausmif;awmf
odkUa&mufaeaom [l\/
xdkudk,fawmfrSm ausmif;apmifhudk,fawmf[lí oDwif;uRwfyGJawmfcg a'opm&D
<ucsDawmfrl&mrSm tjcm;aomav;qlom yifh&í þudk,fawmfudkrl tNrJwrf;
ausmif;aqmifrSm xm;cJU&onfqdk\/
txl;{nfhonfawmf
OD;ausmftm; uRefawmfonftpu }{nfhajrmif}[kqdkcJU\/ odkUaomf tif;av;
a&mufaomtcgü olonftxl;{nfhonfawmf jzpfoGm;av\/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmf
onf OD;xGef;&tm;udkaomif;pdef a&;ay;vdkufaompmESifh OD;cspfazrSwqifh oduRrf;&onf/
OD;ausmfum; a&S;,cif ppfBuD;rjzpfrDumvuyif rdwfaqGjzpfcJUMu\/ todkU[lrl OD;ausmf
onf [dk,cifacwfu &efukefNrdKUpaumhaps;rSm emrnfBuD; jrydk;xnfwdkufwGif BuD;rSL;ol
wa,mufzJ/ OD;xGef;&wdkU tif;om;rsm;ESifh ydk;xnfrsm;ta&mif;t0,f tquftoG,f&SdcJU
onf/
OD;ausmfonf OD;xGef;&xuf BuD;oljzpfí tif;av;a&mufoGm;aomtcg OD;xGef;&\
OD;&D;awmfrsm;ESifh awGU&onf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmaeMuaom rdwfaqGa[mif;awG
rajrSmfvifhbJ qkHpnf;Muojzifh vGefpGmvIdufvIdufvSJvSJ &SdMuonf/ xdktcgrSm uRefawmfwkdU
onf OD;ausmf\ {nfhajrmifrsm;jzpfoGm;Muvsuf xdkt&yf&Sd OD;ausmf\rdwfqG vlcsrf;omBuD;
rsm; tdrfwkdUwGif qifjzLawmfrSD BuHpkwf&onfrsm vGefpGmcsdKNrdefvSay\/
tif;av;Xmae? 0aeusvdrfhrnf atmufarhcJUaom t&yfrSmpD;u&ufrSm EdkifiHjcm; jzpf
taumif;pm; 5-okH;vkH;awG/ crf;em;aom tdrfaxmify&dabm*ESifh yD,mEdk?
a&cJaowåmwkdUyif&Sdonf/ tdrfBuD;wtdrfrSm uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;tm; tcef;wcef;ESifh
oD;oefUtdyf&mayonfwGif xdktcef;? xdkukwiff? xdkarGU&mrsKd;udk uRefawmfwdkUonf ,cif
uvnf;r&SdcJUbl;? aemufvnf;&bdkUudk ajrmfvifh&ef cJ,Of;vSygawmh\/
tif;av;wGif uRefawmfwdkUvlodkufonf aysmf&TifvSpGm ESpfntdyfrQ aexdkifvnfywf MuNyD;?
xdkc&D;udk ESpfodrfhauseyftm;&pGm awmifBuD;odkU jyefcJUMuygawmh\
wwd,wGJ þrSmyif&yfí pwkw¬wGJ qufvufzwf&IygcifAsm;....
aomfwmaqG
avmu"r®wm cspfa&;cspf&mwGif orD;&nf;pm;wdkU rnm;jzpfMuvQif wa,muf
a,mufbufu wpkHwckaomtaMumif;aMumifh ysufuGufíomjzpfay&m? uRefawmfhb0
wmwGif udk,fhtajctae udk,fh0goemtavsmuf? &nf;pm;rsm;pGmxm;cJU&mrS yxrOD;
qkH;tBudrf uRefawmfhtm; &ufrsm;pGmxm;cJU&mrS yxrOD;qkH;tBudrf uRefawmfhtm;
&ufpufolrSm (tcspfOD;wkdUrnfonf nm;cJonf) qdkpum;twdkif; i,fcspfOD;w&kwf
ujym;rav; t&defjzpfí aemufqkH;olum; tckeazmfjycJUaom ukvm;ujym;rav; ra&Tcdkif/
t&defESifh uRefawmfjzpfysufcJUpOfu uRawmfhtoufu 19-ESpf&Sdao;awmh zswfzswfvl;
&l;rwwfaygh/ (cspfaomo*Ð0w¦K&Snfa&;cJUNyD;) tck cdkifESifh aemufqkH;yGJus awmh
uRefawmfhtoufu ri,fawmhNyD/ tyJGyGJEGJcJUaygif;vJrsm;NyDrdkU uRefawmfw,fNyD;
rjzKefawmhbl;/
You Can't Break My Heart qdkwJU oDcsif;vdkaygh/ rif;ightoJudk rcGJEdkifawmhbl;
ightoJ[m t&ifwkef;uwnf;u rif;vdk[mrav;uwnf;u rif;vdk[mrav;
wa,mufaMumifh uGJcJUNyD;NyD/ toJqdkwm wcgbJuGJw,f? ESpfcgcGmvdkUr&bl;/
'g....trSefbJAs/
odkUayr,fvdkUayghAsm? yxrOD;qkH;tBudrfvdk zswfzswfvl; r[kwfaomfvJ toJpGJ cspfrdolu
rajrSmfvifhbJ udk,fhudk &ufpufvdkufw,fqdkawmh txdkufavsmufjzifh ylaqG;
aomua&muf&wmbJ/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf[m 'Dvdkcspfaomuudk jrefjreftpm;xdk;bkdU
&SmawmhwmbJ/
'gaMumifh cdkifuuRefawmfhudk tNyD;jzwfvdkufvdkU uRefawmftdrfjyefa&mufw,fqdkbJ
pma&;pmyGJxJu pm&nf;pm;awG"mwfykHxkwf? olwkdUpmawGjyefzwfvdkufw,f/
ylylaEG;aEG;a&mufaewJU pmwapmifu &efukefrSmpm&nf;pm;jzpfMuNyD; vlcsif;wcg
rQrawGUbl;ao;bJ olUtaztvkyfeJU ajymif;oGm;&m? rEÅav;udka&mufoGm;wJU...]ouf}
qdkwJU aumifrav;qDu.../
___armifa&...oufawmh q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; tdrfa&SUa&muf&if armifaeoGm; bl;wJU
a*[m&,fvdkU &ifzdkzdkoGm;NyD; tdrfxJvSrf;vSrf;Munhfvdkufrdw,f...? wcgw&H q&mBuD;?
odkUr[kwf a':BuD;pdk;bJ jrif&w,f? armifrsm;awGU&if oufb,fvdk jzpfoGm; rvJrodbl;...?
armifwcgavmuf vma&mufNyD;? oufudk udk,fxifjyprf;ygvm;armif &,f ___
tif;...&nf;pm;pmxJrSm oltcspfrJusNyD/
xdkUaMumifh....
1954-ck? {NyDv &Ir0trSwf(83)wGif oluav;udk &nfNyD; ]cspfpcspfpdwf} rnfaom
0w¦Kudka&;vdkufonf/ þ0w¦KtqkH;wGif uRefawmfrEÅav;odkU a&mufrnfh taMumif;ESifh
]armifvmNyD o*ÐEGJU&,f? qD;BudKvSJUav;}[laom uAsmwdkuav; a&;vdkuf onf/
þ]ouf}qdkonfh rdef;uav;um;...uRefawmfhudkwu,f cspf&Smygonf/ odkUaomf olESifh
uRefawmfonf wBudrfrQvSyfueJ jrifbl;vdkuf&kHrQwyg;? tjcm;bmrQ rbmvdkuf&
awmhojzifh olonf uRefawmfESifh wGJvdkuf&aom rif;orD;r[kwf? wyifwdkif tNidrfhrif;
orD;uav;tjzpfESifhbJ (ESpfyg;oGm;NyD; ZmwfBuD;u&rnfh rif;orD;rsm;jzpfMuaom)]cdkif} ESifh
]ar}wdkUt&if a&SUydkif;u yGJxkwfvdkufyg\-[k tpcsDNyD;? ESpfudk,frMuif&ygwJU
rdkqvifrav;[laom acgif;pOfjzifh tcef; (13)u olESifhuRefawmfhtaMumif;udk a&;cJUí
pm&Iolrsm;zwfcJUNyD;ygNyD/
þZmwfvrf;wGif...
]tpwkef;uawmh
vSzkef;vmygqdkvdkU
rSmwmudk ysKdararhNyDvm;
apmifh&ufawG udk;q,fajyUawmifrS
awGU&atmif olrzefbl;
wrl[ef pdwfawmfajymif;w,fxifh
vSrsufcs,f EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f
acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f}[laom (av;csKd;'kwd,ydk'f) uAsmygav&m...? apmifh&uf awG
udk;q,fjynfhatmif 3-vrQolUudk uRefawmfarQmfcJUpOfu uRefawmfarNrdKUwGif
aexdkifcJUygonf/
taMumif;rSm q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;onf ae&moDwGif ref;ürae? arNrdKUwGif
aeavh&Sdonfhtwdkif;? uRefawmfu vdkufoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
1951-ck? (rEÅav;NrdKUcgawmfoBuFef)ESpfu ]vGif}ESifhcsdef;qdkum uRefawmf rEÅav;NrdKUtdrfrS
aEG&moDarNrdKUoGm;Muawmh a':BuD;pdk;a&m q&mBuD;wdkU wtdrfaxmifvkH; ygcJUí arNrdKUwGif
tdrfwvkH;iSm;í aecJUMuonf/
,ck 1954-ckESpfwGifum; a':BuD;pdk;wkdUrygawmhbJ? q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;? vlxk OD;vS\
a,mu©rOD;xifESifh uRefawmf 3-a,mufomjzpf&m? tdrfvnf; txl;iSm;p&m rvdkawmhbJ?
arNrdKU-vm;&Id;vrf;&Sd OD;xif\orD; e*g;a':OD;wdkufwGif [efusyefus aeMuayawmhonf/
xrif;udk 0,fpm;Muonf/ xdkwdkufwGif arNrdKUe*g;aq;ayghvdyf udk,fpm;vS,ftzdk;BuD;
tzGm;BuD;vifr,m; ESpfa,mufom wdkufapmifhtjzpf aeMuí olwkdUonf
reufapmapmaps;xGufí naeaps;odrf;rS tdrfjyefa&mufMuonf/
xdktcgonf aEG&moDrSm 'kwd,tBudrf uRefawmfarNrdKUwGif aejcif;jzpfí 1951-ckESpf
yxrtBudrf aepOfwkef;uxuf uRefawmfhrSm todrdwfaqGrsm;jym;vmav onf/
AdkvfMunf
1951-ckESpf? uRefawmfq&mjrrsKd;vGiftdrfwGifaepOf waeUaomeHeufü ppfarmf
awmfum;ESifh ppfAdkvfwOd; a&mufvmum uRefawmfESifh q&mvGifudkrdwfzGJUNyD; olwkdU wyfrSL;
AdkvfrSL;pdk;&xkwfaeaom ]uavmifpkHr*¾Zif;}wGif a&;om;ay;yg&ef pmrlawmif;cH onf/
(AkdvfrSL;pdk;&um; ,ckwyfrSxGufum &Jpdkrnfaom pma&;q&mjzpfaeonf/)
xdkpOfu uRefawmfonf AdkvfMunftm; uavmifpkHr*¾Zif;twGuf ]ygyg uRefawmf
rSm;ygNyD}rnfaom 0w¦Kudk a&;ay;vdkufjcif;jzifh olESifhuRefawmfcifrifoGm;av&m ,ck 1954
ckESpf 'kwd,tBudrf uRefawmfarNrdKU a&mufaomtcgwGif olonfarNrdKU ,ltdrfbD wyfrSm
AdkvfBuD; tjzpfESifhtrIxrf;aeí olUtdrfrSmarNrdKU NrdKUywfvrf;wGif [dkU,cifwkef;u
awmifydkifapmfbGm; aeoGm;aom wdkuftdrf cHUcHUxD;xD;? BuD;BuD;rm;rm;? 0if;ESifhNcHESifhus,fyg
bdoeJU/
AdkvfMunfonf wyfxJrSma&mt&yfxJrSma&m tvGefrdwfaqGo*F[rsm;oljzpfay&m
olESifhywfoufNyD; uRefawmfrSmarNrdKUwGif todtuRrf;rsm;&ayawmhonf/ xdkpOfu olwdkU
AdkvfrSL;nGefUarmifESifh aemufajymif;vmaom AdkvfrSL;vSwifwdkUvnf; uRefawmfhudktxl;
ojzifh cifrifMuí olwkdUt&m&Sd&dyfomrSm uRefawmfhtm;ppfAdkvfwa,muf\ tcGifhta&;
vdk&apygonf/ vufrSwfxdk;í pm;aomufEdkifonf/ uRefawmfhrdwfaqG o*F[udkygac:í
{nfh0wfjyKEdkifonf/ tmrD&eft&ufqdkvQif uRefawmfvdkcsifoavmuf &Edkifonf/ xdktcsdef
urSpí ,ckwdkif cifrifvsuf&SdMuaom Adkvfodef;xGef;? AdkvfausmfjrifhwdkUrSm naewdkif;vdk
uRefawmfESifh aomufzufrsm;jzpfcJUMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdUonf ujym;rçrsm;Esifh ygwDay;í
'efUpfvnf; ucJUMuonf/
xdkpOfu arNrdKUonf tvGefaysmfp&m aumif;\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZm vufxufjzpfí
w&kwfjzLppfatmifEdkifa&;jzifh jrefrmhwyfrawmfu &ufrsm;pGmtm0ga';yGJ BuD; usif;yav&m?
trsKd;rsKd;aom avmif;upm;yGJrsm;? ZmwfobifyGJrsm;ESifh tvGefpnfum; avonf/
'DtcgrsKd;rSm &Srf;jynf 36-aumifxDonf vlwdkif;rupm;bJ raeEdkifaom yGJjzpf av\/
tdrfrufESifh twdwfpdrf; aumufMuonfrSm wNrdKUvkH;uRufpDuRufpD jzpfaeMuonf/
vrf;ay: rSmvnf;aumif; aps;xJrSmvnf;aumif; pm;aomufqdkifrSmvnf;aumif;? 'D 36-
aumif taMumif;bJajymaeMuonf/ wpkHwck rawmfwq jzpfvdkufvQifvnf; 'D 36-
aumifxDtwGufzJ twdwfaumufvdkufMuonf/
þtcsdefwGif taetxdkifajymtqdk tifrwefrS owdxm;bdkUaumif;onf/ olwkdU onf
jrifjriforQudk *&kjyKaeMuonf/
Oyrm a,mufsm;wa,muf rvkHrvJjzpfoGm;onfudk jriftHU/ {uEÅ ]ig;rSOfh}[k
twdwfpdrf;aumufavonf/ rdef;rwa,muf taetxdkifyufpufonfjzpftHU/ ]yifhul}[k
,lqMuavonf/ olwkdUtwdwfaumufykHawGrSm awmfawmfvJnpfywf\/ 'grsKd;u'Dvdk
npfywfrSbJ ydkírSefw,f[k qdkMu\/ 'Dvdk 36-aumif&l;xcsdefü t&l;rsm;\ taetxdkif
tajymtqdkudkrQ csrf;omray;/ wd&pämefrsm; tjyKtrludkvnf;vufvGwfrcH Munfh&Iavh
vmaeMuonfomjzpf\/
xdkUjyif aoG;xGufoH,dkrIudkvnf; txl;*&kjyKMu\/ BuKH&ykHwck ajymjy&OD;rnf/ wnoü
]0g&Sd}acgufqJGqdkifwGif uRefawmfxdkifaepOf? vrf;ab;avQmufvmaom
vlwa,muftdyfaeaom acG;tNrD;wufeif;rdí tudkufcH&onf/ xdkolu ]tr,fav;..
acG;udkufygw,fAs}[k atmfvdkufonfü qdkifxJ&Sd vlukefajy;xGufoGm;Muav&m uRefawmfh
pdwfxJwGif (tif;-arNrdKUom;awG[m vlwzufom; 'ku©a&mufwmudk w,fNyD;*&kpdkufyg
vm;) atmufarhrdonf/ ]b,fae&mudkufovJ? b,fae&m aygufoGm;ovJ}[k tavm
wBuD;0dkif;ar;Muí a0'em&SifutpG,f&m&Sdaom b,fbuf'l;udkjyvdkufaomtcg
][m...aiGig;bJ? aiGig;bJ}[k qdkítoD;oD; qdkifxJjyefvmum olwkdUae&mrSmxdkifMuonf/
taMumif;rSm 36-aumifewf&kyf\/ b,fbuf'l;rSm aiGig;&kyf&Sdownf;/ 36-aumifxJrSm
aiGig;a&Tig;[lí ig;ESpfaumifyg\/
a&S;,cifacwfu avmif;upm;rl xlajymaom&Srf;jynfa'owGif 36-aumifxDu
yGJBuD;vrf;BuD;rsm;wGif trdefUvdkifpifjzifh upm;&\/ xdkUtjyif wNrdKUwe,fü 36-aumifyGJ
usif;yaevQif tjcm;NrdKUrsm;uvnf; ]tkyf'dkif}rsm;vkyfí upm;Edkif\/ Oyrm-vm;&Id;NrdKUrSm
36-aumifyGJ&SdtHU/ arNrdKU? ausmufrJNrdKUwdkUrSmvnf; tkyf'dkifrsm;zGifhMu\/ tavsmftpm;u
yif&if;a'otwdkif;yif/ aMunmcsufu csufcsif;Mum;odEdkifonfjzpfí [dkrSmzGifhaom
taumifudkavsmf\/ 27-q/ wusyfupm;vQif 27d-&onf/ wyJrSpNyD;&mcsDupm;Edkifonf
jzpfí ulvDrSpNyD;wu,fhtavmif;orm;BuD;rsm;txd upm;Muukefonf/
xdkUtjyif vdkifpifr&SdbJ zJvdkbJ vl4-5a,muf&SdvQifyif upm;Edkifaom 12aumif xDac:
ajruyfxDvJ þa'oawGrSm rdwfaqGwpkwdkU ypfuepf aysmfyGJpm;xGuf&if; upm;
avh&SdMuao;\/ 12 aumif&kyfygaom ydwfzsif;udk ajr0Sufjcif;jzpfonf/ aysmfp&maumif;
onfum; cGufarSmufNyD;vQif uAsmvuFmESifh twdwfay;&onf/
OyrmqdktHU/
]arNrdKUolwOD;? vS&ufxl;? cspfOD;olESifh nm;avonf}
uRefawmfonf AdkvfMunfESifh ywfoufNyD; opfawm&kH;tkyfBuD; OD;bcifESifh cifrif &if;ESD;í
&kH;ol&kH;om;rsm;ESifh &kH;tm;&uf arNrdKUuefawmfBuD;odkU ypfuepfxGufMu&if;? uRefawmfu
12-aumifajruyfxD'dkif vkyfavh&Sdonf/
acsmarmvSyaom pma&;rav;rsm;udkMunfhí txufazmfjyyg twdwfudk&Gwfvdkuf
aomtcg olwkdUonf pOf;pm;Mu&if; ]teD;uyf twdwfay;tkH;}[k qdkMuonf/ 'Dawmh
uRefawmfu ]rD;xJrSmaysmfw,f}[k ajymvdkuf\/
uRefawmf twdwfay;onfudk wdkuf&kduf,lrnfqdkygu trsKd;orD;av; cspfOD;olESifh
nm;w,fqdkawmh a,mufsm;eJUrdkU ]usm;}? EdkUNyD; a,mufsm;wkdUrnfonf umr*kPf rD;xJü
aysmfMuonf/ xdkUjyif cspfolwkdUESpfOD; nm;Muygu wDwDwmwm ajymMurnfrdkU ]wD}aumif
udkvJ xdk;Muao;onf/ ¤if;jyifvif&NyD; pdwfnpfojzifh oDv&Sif vkyfoGm;onfvnf;ajym
EdkifaomaMumifh ]oDv}udk xdk;Muao;onf/ wd&pämefaumifawGxJü (36aumifxJrSma&m)
b,fhES,faMumifh r,foDv&kyfu ygaeonfrod/ ,if;odkU toD;oD;udk,fhpdwful;ESifhudk,f
xdk;Mu&m? uRefawmfu ]a&Tig;}udkzGifhvdkuf\/
onfawmh ]cspfOD;olESifh nm;wmeJUa&Tig;u bmqdkifowkef;? a&Tig;onfrD;xJrSm
aysmfygovm;}[kar;Mu\/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu...
]atmf..cifAsm;wkdUu zefAl;xJu a&Tig;xifaeMuwmudk? uRefawmfajymwmu
a,mufsm;av;bufu a&Tig;usyfom;vufzGJUw,fAs? tJ'Da&Tudk aumifrav;u a&Tajc
usif;vkyfawmh rD;xJrSm ta&aysmf&wmayghAs}
,if;odkUvQif uRefawmfrSm [moOmPf uAsmOmPf&Sdí twdwftvSD;tvSTJ aumif;ygvsuf?
wcgaomf uRefawmf0Sufwdkif; olwkdUutrSefudkcsnf; xdk;Edkifí udk,fhüygcJU wm
acsmonfhtjyif eab;vlqDuyg ,líavsmfcJU&ojzifh awmfawmfrsm;atmif &SL;cJUbl; \/
taMumif;uawmh uRefawmfjrmaiGUcHonfhudpöbJ? todkU[lrl tawmfacsmvSaom
aumifrav;wa,mufonf? uRefawmfESifh yGwfoD;yGwfoyfxdkifum olu uRefawmfhbuf
u vdkESifh uRefawmf0Sufaom t&kyfudkMunfhMunfhNyD; olUvlawGudk t&dyfjyaomaMumifhjzpf
\/ 'Dvdkaumif'grsKd;rSm cHayghuGm/ ]'dkUpma&;q&mu onfhjyifae&mawmhvnfyg&JU? 'gawmh
tçouG}[k Adkvfodef;xGef;ESifhAdkvfausmfjrifhwdkU\ aemufajymifjcif;udkcH&\/
]EdkU..cifAsm;wkdUu apmapmuawmh bmvdkU uRefawmfhowdray;vJAs}
]atmf...EdkifwJUpma&;rav;awGvJ uRefawmfwkdUu arwåm&SdaewmudkAs? [J.....[J}
odkUaomf þpOfumvü arNrdKUwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk uRefawmfrrIyg/ arNrdKU jr0wf
&nfpwdk;rS uRefawmfvdkcsiforQ aiGudk,líokH;Edkif\/ þaiGudkjrwf0wf&nfu rEÅav;&J&ifh
OD;bZHESifh&Sif;? wzef OD;bZHu &efukef&Ir0wdkufESifh&Sif; aemufqkH;aomf &Ir0ESifhuRefawmf
ESifh&Sif;avawmh b,faomtcgrS ausvnfonfr&Sdawmhownf;/
,if;odkUvQif uRefawmfonf arNrdKUrSm aysmfyg;aevdkuf&m? ZGefvqf;rdk;OD;usí arNrdKU
tat;vGefvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh q&mBuD;ESifhOd;xifwkdU rEÅav;odkU jyefoGm;MuNyDjzpfaomf
vnf; uRefawmfrjyefao;/ rEÅav;u aumifrav; ]ouf}xHrSvnf; tquf&Edk; ajrSmfvifh
qJ? arNrdKUrSmyif ]apmifh&ufawGudk;q,fjynfhatmif} aecJUay&m? atmifr,fav;...ajrmfwm
r&bJESifh ajrSmfwmeJU *GusrvdkUygvm;? Munfhprf;ygtkH;? cifAsm;wdkU pma&;q&mBuD; arNrdKUol
av; wa,mufESifhaygh/ oluav;ESifh uRefawmfhjzpfaxGudk uRefawmfu 0w¦Ka&;q&myDyD
0w¦KvdkbJ a&;jyygawmhr,f/ uJ..0w¦KemrnfuqdkygpdkU....
]uRefawmf\ arNrdKUol
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUol
uRefawmf\arNrdKUolonf at;jraom &moD0,f ukwftuÐs&Snf&Snf? wifyg;qkH tkyftkyfESifh
&iftkHwkwfwkwfuav;vJ r[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\arNrdKUolonf qHyifzm;vsm; wifum;um;ESifhpufbD;ay: vrf;ovm; aeaom
qdkifu,f&Sifrav;vJ r[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf rdbarmifbGm; cJtdkrsm;\armfawmfum;,mOfwGif tvS jyif
pwdkifxkwfí bdkifpukwf&kyf&SifESifh uefawmfBuD;rsm;? taysmfoGm;Edkifolao;vJ r[kwf yg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf bDwDb&m;om; a&ul;uefoGm;í 'dkifAifvTm;wwfaom
aygifpif;rav;vJr[kwfyg/
uRefawmf\ arNrdKUolonf EIwfcrf;eD? yg;eDvufonf;&SnfESifh tvSukrÜPDu &SdorQ
aq;awGta&mifwifí ]avmifxif}aeEdkifolav;vJ r[kwfyg/
pifppf ,cka&;jyawmhrnfh ]uRefawmf] arNrdKUol} um; wcgjyif wusyfqdkonfh jrefrm
xrif;qdkifu pm;yGJxdk;ruav;rQom jzpfyg\/
&kyf&nfrSm &GufMurf;a&BudK/
t&G,frSm q,fhav;ig;ajcmufESpf/
trsKd;rSm &Srf;ESifhjrefrmw&kwfaoG;aum aESmao;ovm;? uRefawmfraocsmyg/ 'gu
ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? arNrdKUrSm uRefawmfawGUawmh uRefawmf\arNrdKUolbJaygh/
,cif q&mBuD;ESifh OD;xifwdkU &SdpOfwkef;url tcsdefrSefrSefvdkufí olwkdUpm;aeus
xrif;qdkifrSm pm;&onf/ ,ckuRefawmf wa,mufwnf; usefcJUaom tcgüum; udk,fh
oabmbJ oGm;csifwJUtcsdefoGm;í pm;csifwJUqdkifrSm pm;onf/
waeUaomf uRefawmfpma&;&mrS xvdkufaomtcgü em&DjyefwcsufrQ&SdaeacsNyD/
reufaumfzDwcGufESifh xdkifcJUaomuRefawmfrSm ,kdifíyifoGm;ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
rsufESmopf? aygif'gyGwf? acgifNzD;? tdrfujrefjrefxGufcJUNyD; teD;qkH;aom
pm;aomufzG,f&m rsm;&Sd&m avQmufcJUum yxrOD;qkH;awGUaom jrefrmxrif;qdkifxJ
0ifxdkifvdkufaomtcg
]AdkvfBuD;bmokH;aqmifrvJ}
qdkifxdkifNyD;bmrQ rrSm&ao;bJ? udk,fh0w¬KtaMumif; udk,fawG;í cyfidkifidkifaeaom
uRefawmfem;xJodkU tnm rdef;cav;oH cyf0J0Juav;0ifvmonf/
uRefawmfhudk ]AdkvfBuD;}[kac:jcif;jzpfygonf/ arNrdKUa&mufrSuRefawmfhtzdkUrqef; awmhacs/
arNrdKUwGifppfausmif;ESifh ppfwyfrsm;&Sdí ppfom;ppfAdkvfrsm;acwfpm;av&m
vli,f[loíwkdUtm; þodkU*kPfjyKíac:wwfMuygonf/
uRefawmftoHMum;&mbuf vSnfhMunfhvdkufNyD;...
]xrif;pm;r,fuG,f..}
olwkdUarNrdKU xrif;qdkifawGrSm Muufom;[if;ESifh jyifay;aom rEÅav;rSmuJUodkU
rkHUwDacgufqGJ eef;BuD;qdkwmawGvJ &Sdygonf/
]bm[if;pm;rv,f AdkvfBuD;}
uRefawmfonf tanmif;xdkifum pma&;&mrS xcgpjzpfí atmifhawmifhawmifh rIefa0a0
jzpfaeaom rsufvkH;rsm;udk yGwf&if;...
]bm[if;awG&SdovJ}
]Muufom;? 0ufom;? qdwfuvDpmeJU 0uftl[if;}
]ig;r&Sdbl;vm;}
]'DaeUig;r&bl;AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;pm;csif&if ig;wpfwm&r,f..}
tif;...'Dtcsdefrsm; ig;aowåm pm;vdkuf&ifawmh twdom a&mufua&mayghuGm/ arNrdKUrSm
ig;tvGef&Sm;onf/ rEÅav;u vmrS&onf/
uRefawmfrSm eHeufpmqdkvQif (pma&;aom aeUrsm;ü) ig;[if;eJUbJ eJeJyg;yg;pm;csif onf/
vlxdkif;rIdif;av;vHoGm;rSmudk tawmfpdk;&onf/ ,ckþqdkifwGif&Sdaom [if;rsm;rSm
Muufom;uwufrnf/ 0ufom;tDrnf/ 0uftlu Adkufemwwfonf/
xdkUaMumifhtqkwfawG trsm;BuD;xnfhwwfí uRefawmfodyfrBudKufaom
qdwfuvDpm[if;udkyif rSmvdkuf&onf/
]qdwfuvDpmeJU xrif;wyG,f....}
uav;ruav;u atmfvdkufNyD; rMumrDü olyifvQifvifyef;uav;ESifh jyif,lvm onf/
[if;csKdygonf/ iefjym&nf i&kwfoD;azsmfygonf/ o&ufoD;aygufpdyf qm;pdrfcsOfyg onf/
þrQ[if;oD;[if;&Gufaygaom t&yfjzpfvsuf arNrdKUxrif;qdkifawGrSm wdkUp&may; avhr&Sd?
toD;t&GuftaMumftcsufvJr&Sd? qDjyef[if;csnf;omjzpf\/
]AdkvfBuD; aemufxyfbm,lcsifvJ ajymyg...}
uRefawmfpm;aeonfrSm rdrda&;aeaom 0w¬KxJ pdwfa&mufaeí pm;ykHaomufykH
[uf[ufyufyuf r&Sdonfudk rdef;uav;pdwfxifü þ[if;ESifhcHwGif;rawGU[k atmufarh
um uRefawmfhteD;,ifarmif; ay;ae&if;rS ar;jcif;jzpfygonf/ þtcsdefrsKd;ü xrif;pm;
olyg;vsm;av&m uRefawmfwa,mufom ol*&kpdkufp&m&Sdygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfrSm
aemufxyf,lbdkU rqdkxm;bd vuf&Sdxrif;[if;awG w0ufrSrusbJESifh tqkH;owfvdkuf
um...
]a&mha[h ydkufqH...}
þumvonf {NyDvaemufydkif;jzpf&m arvrSm rl;yJrwfawGaysmuf&awmhrnf? wusyfjym;
100 okH;&awmhrnf jzpfaomaMumifh vlwdkif;u ¤if;wkdUudk tdwfoGefzmarSmuf
aecsdefjzpfonf/ ig;usyfwefzsufvdkufvQif ESpfusyfcJGavmufu rl;rwf? yJawGjzpfvmonf/
]'gawGbJ&Sdw,f...? rQ,lyg} qdkaompum;ESifh jiif;vJrjiif;om? udk,fhtdwfxJu tjrefxkwf
okH;bdkUom pdwful;xm;&onf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmf,ckay;onfrSmvnf; rcspfzJESifh
atmifhumerf;xm;&aom aojcif;qdk; umvemaph uav;rsm;omjzpf\/
rdef;uav;onf þatmhausmvefuav;awG a&wGuf,lae&mrS rl;aphESpfckudk jyefay;um...
]a&mh AdkvfBuD; 'Dwrwfudk jyefvJay;yg...}
][JU..bmvYdkUwkef;}
]0gaevdkU AdkvfBuD;&JU? 'Dt0gawG tckrokH;&bl;}
]tvdk...rl;apht0gtck rokH;&bl;vm;...}
][kwfygw,f AdkvfBuD;&JU? rl;aphjzpfjzpf yJaphjzpfjzpf t0gqdk&if tokH;rusawmhbl; bvlrS
r,lMuawmhbl;}
þpum;udk Mum;onfü uRefawmfhrSm olUudk,fudk owdjyKrdum usJueJNyKH;vdkufrdyg onf/
taMumif;rSm olUvkHcsnfonf t0gjzpfaeí uRefawmfhpdwftm&kHonf &kwfw&uf
jyufvkH;uav;wck ay:vmonf/ odkUaomf rdef;rysKduav;tm; wdkuf&dkufajymíroifh
avsmf? uRefawmfuvnf; tuGufawGUvQif r&TwfzJ raeEdkif? xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu
tHUtm;oifh[efjzifh....
][if...t0gqdk&if tokH;rusawmhbl;? bvlrSr,lMuawmhbl; [kwfvm;? 'Dtwdkif; jzifh...}
uRefawmf\a&nSda&mif befaumufvkHcsnfudk olUtm; udkifjy&if;....]ig.vkHcsnf'D
ta&mif0wfvmwmbJ uHaumif;uGm....}[k ajymNyD; olUvkHcsnfqDudk rsufpd0ifhí Munfhjy
vdkufygonf/
rdwfaqGpOf;pm;Munfhyg/ uRefawmfhajymvkH;ESifh trlt&monf tawmfusavmufyg onf/
xdkUjyif uRefawmfrSm rdef;rrsm;udk axh&mnK&mü ]tawmfuswJUaumif}[k oli,fcsif; rsm;\
csD;rGrf;jcif;udk cH&oljzpfygonf/
þtuGufrsKd;udk&í þodkUuRefawmfu nKvdkufaxhvdkufygvQif rdef;uav;onf
acgif;uav;ikHUí wzufodkU vSnfhoGm;um [efrl&m &Id;wdk;&SefUwefUjzpfoGm;onf/
odkUr[kwf ]bmvJvlBuD;u qdkNyD;a'gorlESifh EIwfcrf;uav; pkNyD;rsufapmif;uav;
0ifhoGm;onf/ þt&omrsKd;uRefawmfwdkU cHpm;&onf/
odkUaomf ,ck rdef;uav;ESifhum; uRefawmf\ wGufa&;rudkuf? vkH;0rudkuf.../
MunfhygrdwfaqG/ uRefawmf\ uvlusDp,frIaMumifh olUtrlt&mb,fvdkrQ rjzpf&kH ru
olu &J&JBuD;yifNyKH;vdkufNyD;..
]atmf...AdkvfBuD;uvJ ydkufqHajymwmbJ? vkHcsnfa&mifeJUbmqdkifvJ? a[m'DrSm usr
0wfxm;wmvJ t0gbJ...}qdkNyD;olUvkHcsnfudk jyvdkufao;As/
*Grf;.../
uRefawmfcrsm [moq&mBuD; tjrKwfuD;&awmhonf/ teD;ü þtcsdefwGif oli,f csif;
rdwfaqGrsm;&Sdygu &,fMuvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmfhudk&,fMuvdrfhrnf/ ]atmifr,fav;....
[mocsefyD,HBuD; *defygaumvm;}vdkU ajymMuvdrfhrnf/
,if;onfudkawG;rdí uRefawmfhrSm udk,fhzmomudk,f usdwfíNyKH;&onf/ aemufqkH;ü
pdysufysufESifh ]uJa&mhygAsm...? r[0gBudKufwmom a&G;,lygawmh}qdkNyD; tdwfxJurl;aph?
yJaphawGxkwfí olUa&SUüykHvdkufygawmhonf/
,if;tcsdefü arNrdKUrSm rl;aph? yJapht0gawG okH;r&[k jzpfaeygonf/ bmaMumifh &,frod?
uRefawmfhrSm uHaumif;olyDyD þt0grsKd;awG rEÅav;rS awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ygcJU ygonf/
][if..AdkvfBuD;rSmrokH;&awmhwmawGtrsm;BuD;ygvm;}
]at;[m...eifvdkcsifvJ tukef,lawmh...}
]bmvkyfzdkUvJ? okH;vdkUrSr&wmawGudk}
]r,foDvwdkU olawmif;pm;wkdUay;&wmayghuG}
]ukodkvf&yghrvm;..}
tif;..cufcsnfh.../
]'gawmhigrodbl;}
][if...r,lbJjyefay;awmh &Sufp&mBuD;}
tif;..aomufvGJawmh awG;NyD; &Sufacsao;.../
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm a&&Gwfvdkufygonf/
olonf uRefawmfhqDrS ydkufqHtjynfhtpkH&í xrif;yGJudk odrf;aomtcgü...
][if..AdkvfBuD;[m xrif;[if;awGukefvJukefbl;? ydkufqHwusyfay;&NyD;awmh ESajrmp&m..}
]EdkU..eifwkdUqdkifu wcgjyif wusyfqdkawmh}
]tdk...a&SmhrSmvdkU&wmayghAdkvfBuD;}
]'gjzifh wcgjyif ig;rl;bdk;&ovm;...}
]'Dvdkawmh r&bl; AdkvfBuD;? tck[mu xrif;ig;rl;? [if;ig;rl;bJ? xrif;wrwfzdk;
w0ufrSm&if awmfaygh}
]tm;...'Dvdkqdk&if rif;wkdUqdkifrSm [efusNyDa[h? igaeUwdkif;vmcJUr,f...}
tjcm;qdkifawGwkef;uqdkvQif uRefawmfhudk þodkUazmfazmfa&Ta&Tajymrnfholr&Sd? olwkdUqdkif
xdkifvdkufvQif ]bmokH;aqmifrvJ}ar;/ ]xrif;}ajz/ ]bm[if;pm;rvJ}? udk,fpm;
csifwmajymvdkuf/ tJ'geJU xrif;yGJvmcs/ uRefawmfxrif;pm;NyD;vQif vmodrf;? usefwJU
xrif;[if;awG oGefypf? yef;uefawGa&aq;? 'gbJ olwdkUtvkyfNyD;onf/ olwdkU 1d-bdk;
a&mif;&onf/ ydkufqHbJod&Smonf/
uRefawmfrSm ,cktcgü þodkUoGefypf&aom xrif;[if;awGudk taMumif;&if;jrpf
awG;íawG;í tvGefESajrmp&maumif;aMumif; todOmPf&aeygonf/ udk,fhtdwfxJu
ydkufqHaMumifhr[kwfyg/ ydkufqHqdkwJU puúLawG? owåKjym;awG[m
pifppfbmrQtokH;rusyg/ olwkdUudkvkyf&wm vG,fulvSygonf/ olwkdUudk&&ef
enf;trsKd;rsKd; &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfhudk aeUpOf touf&Sif&ef tvdkUiSm rSD0Jae&aom
qef? qD? qm;? [if;vsmrsm; jzpfay:vm&efum; rnfrQcJ,Of;ygoenf;/
rdwfaqGpOf;pm;Munfhyg/ b,folawGub,frQ yifyef;BuD;pGmvkyfaqmifae&ygoenf;/
taoG;ESifhtom;ESifh acR;ESifh tm;ESifhrS jzpfay:vm aom t&m0w¬Krsm;wnf;/
þypönf;rsKd;udk uRefawmfwkdUu igydkufqHay;&if &wmbJqdkwJU pdwf"mwfESifh t[,ó
jzKef;wD;tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapygu wdkif;jynf\ toufocif aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;udk apmfum;&m
ra&mufaybl;vm;? avmuom; tcsif;csif; cHwGif;odkUa&mufrnfh tm[m&udk
zsufqD;ypfonf rrnfaybl;vm;/
teD;qkH; OyrmtusOf;rQ jy&aomf uRefawmftckerukefbJESifh rSm&í oGefypf& aom
xrif;[if;rsm;onf wpkHwa,muf\ wpdwfwa'o tm[m&jzpfEdkifonf r[kwf ygvm;/
,ckrS[efusayNyD/ uRefawmf\eHeufpmudk þuav;r uav;&SdaomqdkifwGif
xrif;wrwf? [if;ig;rl;jzifh NyD;avonf/ oluav;ESifh uRefawmfvnf; waeUwjcm;
&if;ESD;vmavonf/
þrdef;uav;\ ykHo@mefudk azmfjy&OD;rnf/ ]&GufMurf;a&BudK}[k qdkcJUvifhupm;
olUtoufESpfu wufopfpjzpfí þt&G,fonf jrifygrsm;awmhvSonf/ ]oem;urm;}jzpf
vmonf/ olonf þqdkifrSm awmf&kHavsmf&kH auR;ay;xm;jcif;jzifh vkyf&oljzpfav&m ,ck
olUvuf&Sd tuÐswkdUonf olESifhroifhavsmfacs/ csKyfcsdefu awmfcJUonfrSefaomfvnf;
waeUxuf waeU? wufopfaeaom olUcE¨mudk,fudk rvkHrvJ&Sdacsonf/ olUtuÐsMu,foD;
wdkUESifh wif;wif;&if;&if; pnf;aESmifxm;onfESifh wlaeonf/ cg;wdkíaeonf/ olUudk,fu
vnf; wkwfwkwftuftufuav; jzpfonf/
&efukefrSmqdkvQif þxrif;qdkifrsKd;wGif þrdef;uav;rsKd; þt&G,frsKd;udk vSypGm
jyifxm;ayrnf/
,ckarNrdKUrSmawmh þ"avhrsKd;rawGU&yg/
olUqdkif&Sifrsm;vnf; tzdk;BuD;ESifh ta':BuD;jzpfonf/ olwdkUqdkifrSm yef;uefaq; aom
oli,fuav;ESifh aygif; 4-a,muf&Sdonf/
aumifuav;t0wfu npfywfonf/ tzdk;BuD;u oefUoefUjyefUjyefU&Sdonf/ ta': BuD;rSm
a&Txnfrsm; 0wfqifxm;onf/ uRefawmfhrdwfaqGruav;rSmawmh em;a#mif;rS r&Sdacs/
em;aygufa[mif;avmif;udk azmhacsmif;uav;ESifh xdk;xm;onf/ tom;jzLí
rsufESm0dkif;onf/ ESmwHray:yg/ EIwfcrf;xlyspfyspfuav;ESifh azmif;tpftpf yg;rdkUuav;
ESpfzufrSm &Srf;aoG;eDa&mifuav; oef;aeonf/ rsufckef;arT;pdrf;pdrf;atmufü rsufvkH;
uav;awGu rnf;eufaeonf/ cspfp&muav;jzpfonf/
pmzwfolowdjyKyg/ yxruRefawmfolUudk ]&GufMurf;a&BudK}[k qdkcJUonf/ 'kwd,
]oem;urm;}qdkonf/ ,ck]cspfpufuav;}jzpfvmonf/
uRefawmfESifh olwjznf;jznf; cifrif&if;ESD;vmrIaMumifh wpwpajymif;vJvmjcif; jzpfonf/
oluav;uvnf; uRefawmfhtay: arwåmwkHUjyefonf/ uRefawmfu bm[if;pm; rnf[k
ajymvdkufaomtcgü oluwcgw&H wD;wdk;oHjzifh ]tdk....AdkvfBuD;tJ'D[if;rpm;eJU raeUu
usefwmawG}
olUudkbJ aus;Zl;wif&onf/ aemufqkH;tajcü ]uJ...igbm[if;pm;&r,fqdkwmudk
rif;bJMunfhpDrHawmhuG}olUudkbJ vTJtyfvdkuf&avawmhonf/
___
]ig;qDjyef wyG,f}
uRefawmfa&mufonfESifhwNydKifeuf uRefawmfhudkrar;bJ olu atmfvdkufav onf/
uRefawmfhudkjrifvQif xrif;w0ufqdkwmawmh ta':BuD;udkajymp&mrvdkawmhNyD/
oluav;onf xrif;yGJudk ,lvmí uRefawmfha&SUwGifcsNyD; teD;üxdkifum...
]AkdvfBuD; pm;Munfhprf;? 'DaeU ig;Muif;odyfvwfwm...qlwmbJ? uefawmfBuD;u &wm}
arNrdKU uefawmfBuD;u ig;Muif;rsm;&wwfygonf/ ig;rQm;orm;rsm;udk vdkifpifxkwf
ay;xm;onf/ ]ab;rJUig;rsm; oem;Muyg}qdkaom pmrsm;udkvnf; uefawmfBuD; ywfvnf
rSm a&;qGJxm;ygonf/ þpmonf vdkifpifr,lbJ ig;zrf;olrsm;twGuf jzpf[efwlonf/
odkUr[kwf vdkifpifESifhvlrsm;tm; ig;wkdUudk MuifMuifememzrf;í
MuifMuifememcsufpm;Mu&ef qdk[ef&Sdonf/
uRefawmfvnf; MuifMuifememyif NrdefNrdef&Suf&Sufpm;vdkufygonf/ uav;ru
uRefawmfpm;onfudk Munfhí...
AdkvfBuD;pm;aumif;w,f rIwfvm;[if? npmawmhb,frSmpm;vJ? 'DbmvdkUrvmvJ}
]rif;wdkUqdkifu 6em&D aps;rydwfrD odrf;&wmudkuG? igunpmqdk&if 7em&D 8em&DrS
pm;wwfwm}
]AdkvfBuD;[m wrsKd;bJ? reufpmawmh rGef;vGJrSm pm;NyD; npmawmh nBuD;rif;BuD;pm; w,f}
]npmqdkawmh nBuD;rif;BuD;rS pm;&wmayghuG}
]uJ..'gjzifh AdkvfBuD;[m reufpmawmh bmvdkUreufBuD;rif;BuD;rpm;vJ}
]tvm;...xlyspfyspfuav; 'Dae&mawmh tvmom;a[h} uRefawmfhpdwfxJrS
rSwfcsufcsvdkufNyD;...
]igtckpm;wm reufpmvdkU b,foluajymwkef;}
þae&müawmh oltçoGm;um rsufvkH;uav; aMumifawmifESifh uRefawmfhudk
MunfhaeNyD;rS...
]'gjzifh bmpmvJ}
]rGef;vJGrSpm;wm rGef;vJGpmayghuG}
]t[D;...t[D;...&Dp&mBuD;}
]tdk...}
uRefawmf[moq&mrSm rsufvkH;jyL;oGm;ygonf/
]AdkvfBuD; reufawmhbmawGpm;aeovJ}
]tdrfrSm aumfzDaomufw,f? vufzuf&nfMurf;aomufw,f}
]AdkvfBuD;tdrfb,frSmvJ}
]vm;&SKd;vrf;rSm}
]AdkvfBuD; rdef;r&Sdvm;}
]tdk;...rdef;r&Sd&if rif;wkdUqdkif xrif;vmpm;aervm;uG? ighrdef;r igcsufcdkif;rSm aygh}
]EdkU AdkvfBuD;tvkyfaum bmvkyfvJ}
]tvdk bk&m;a& uRefawmfrsufvkH; 0dkif;0dkif;vnfoGm;um ]rif;ighudk AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;
ac:aewm ppfAdkvfrSef;odvdkU r[kwfvm;}
atm...cuf&acsAsm...ol tHUtm;oifhoGm;um ]AdkvfBuD;u ppfAdkvfvm;/ t[D;[D;
ppfAdkvfuvJ}
oluRefawmfh Munfh&,facsawmhAsm.../
uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf rvkHovdk ikHUMunfhNyD;...
]ppfAdkvfuvJ...igbmjzpfovJ}
]tm;vJr&Sdbl;}
þrSuRefawmf em;&Sif;oGm;ygonf/ uRefawmfhudk,fum, awmifhawmifhwif;wif;
r&Sdjcif;udk olajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
]a[h...aeprf;ygtkH; xyfar;prf;yg&aptkH;? rif;wkdUighudk AkdvfBuD;AdkvfBuD;vdkUac:aeMu
wm[m ighudkppfAdkvfbJvdkUac:aeMuwm r[kwfvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;? usaemfwdkUqDrSm 'Dvdkvl 'Dt&G,frodwJUvludk 'DvdkbJ ac:Mu&wmbJ}
ao[JU eE´d,.../
uRefawmfhrSm arNrdKUwGifwpdrf;w&HpmawGu 'DvdkbJ AdkvfBuD; AdkvfBuD;ac:Muawmh edyfwJU
igawmh olwkdUuppfAdkvfrSwfMuNyD? ppfAdkvfaps;aumif;wJUt&yfrSm ppfAdkvftxifcH&
wmedyfy[JU atmufarhaewm/ vm;vm; vufpowfawmh uRefawmfwdkU &efukefrSm ]q&m
uD; pma&;BuD;}ac:wJU taygufrsKd;udk;/
]uJ...r[0g? igrSefwmajymr,f? ig..ppfAdkvfr[kwfzl;? ighudkAdkvfBuD;AdkvfBuD;vdkU
rac:eJUawmh}
]r[kwfrSef;usaemfodom;bJAs? ppfAdkvfvlu cifAsm;BuD;vdkrS r[kwfwmbJ}
]a[...igeJUppfAdkvfeJU b,fvdkjcm;em;ovJ}
]'gawmh usaemfrajymwwfzl;As? wrsKd;bJ}
rEÅav;üvnf;aumif;? arNrdKUüvnf;aumif;? rdef;uav;rsm;onf vlcsif;&if;ESD;vm vQif
]cifAsm;? uRefawmf}ajymwwfMuygonf/
]igajymr,f...ppfAdkvfqdk&if xrif;rsm;rsm;pm;r,f? vloefoefpGrf;pGrf;&Sdr,f r[kwf vm;}
uRefawmfrSm oluav;ESifh tjyif;ajy pum;aumif;aeonf/
][kwfw,f....[kwfw,f? cifAsm;BuD;uawmh xrif;vJ rsm;rsm;rpm;bl;? vluvJ ydefydef
EGJUEGJU&,f.... "mwf&Sifrif;om;vdkbJ}
]tvdk...igu Zmwfvdkufrif;om;eJUwlovm;}
]wlw,fAs...}
]b,frif;om;eJUwlvJajymprf;....}
]'Dvdkawmh rajymwwfzl;? cifAsm;BuD;u "mwf&Sifrif;om;vdkbJ aewmajymwm..}
]rif;"mwf&SifawG cPcPMunfhovm;}
]rMunfh&ygbl; ydkufqHrSr&Sdwm...}
]tckaum Munfhcsifovm;}
]tdk;...Munfhcsifw,f jyr,fvm;...}
]b,fum; MunfhcsifovJ...}
]a*:oma*: qdkwmav...zdk;ygBuD;wdkU? odyf&D&wmbJwJU? usaemfu &Dp&mqdk
odyfBudKufw,f}
]atmf...&Dp&mBudKufw,f? 'geJUaeygtkH;? rif;0w¬KawG r*¾Zif;awGaum zwfovm;}
]usaemf pmrSrzwfwwfwmbJ}
uRefawmf olUrsufESmuav;udkMunfhum oufjyif;&SLrdygonf/
]'geJUrif;ckeMunfhcsifw,fajymwm ]a*:oma*:}aemf? tJ'Dpum;t"dyÜm,fem;vnf vm;?
a*:qdkwmbmvJ}
'grsKd;awmh olem;vnfayonf/ uRefawmfhtm; rsufapmif;uav; wcsuf0ifhum
&SufpEdk;ESifh acgif;ikHUoGm;onf/
][m..[m;...'grsKd;awmh vnfayhuGm? rif;a*:wJUvlrsm;&Sdaeyvm;}
]oGm;...bmvJ}
tvdkolubJ uRefawmfhtm; a'gormefuav;ESifh rmefvdkufacsao;/
uRefawmf oabmusrdum xyfqifhí...
][kwfygw,f? olUykHyef;Munfh&wmjzifh a*:wJUvlawmifrubl;? &nf;pm;awmif&Sdae
NyDxifyg&JU? uJuGm... a&mh} uRefawmfhtdwfxJu ydkufqHxkwfí...]igaiGig;usyfay;cJUr,f?
nusawmh rif;wkdUorD;&nf;pm; oGm;MunfhMuaya&mh}
uRefawmfhrSm olUvdk[m olUvdkt&G,fawmh &nf;pm;awGbmawG r&Sdwefbl;[k
jyufacsmfacsmfvkyfjcif;jzpfav&m? bk&m;? bk&m; vufpowfawmh r[0g ykpGefqdyfuav;
i,fayr,fh racawmhbJudk;/ uRefawmfxkwfay;aom ig;usyfwefudkMunfhum...
][if...oleJUawmh oGm;rMunfhcsifbl;}
]uRefawmftHUtm;oifhum....
]tvdk rif;rSm &nf;pm;awGbmawG&SdaeNyDudk;} qdkNyD;rS olUrsufESmuJMunfhum....]bm
vdkUvJuG? orD;&nf;pm;ESpfa,muf Munfh&&if ydkNyD;ZdrfuswmayghuG? igawmh&nf;pm;r&SdvdkU
ayghuGm? &Sdrsm;&SdtwloGm;MunfhvSacsaygh}
ol uRefawmfhudkarmfMunfhum....
][if...cifAsm;rSm &nf;pm;r&Sdbl;vm;}
]r&Sd&ygbl;uGm....b,folrS BudKufr,fhvlr&SdvdkU}
],kHao;bl;}
]uJ...ighr,kHwm,kHwm eab;xm;ygtkH;? rif;&nf;pm;eJUrif;twl rMunfhcsifwmu
bmaMumifhvJ}
olonf olUqdkif&Sif vlBuD;rsm;udk vSnfhMunfvdkufNyD; (oluav;ESifh uRefawmfrSm 'DvdkbJ
pum;vufqkHusjzpfaeí vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfvmcsdefrSm onfhjyifpm;rnfh
aomufrnfhvl acgif;yg;ívnf;aumif;? uRefawmfwkdUrSm vGwfvyfrI&Sdayonf/)
]bbwdkU BuD;awmfwkdUu eifi,fi,fav;eJU 'DpdwfawG rul;&bl;wJU? 'Daumifav; vJ
oabmrusbl;wJU}
][kwfvm;? 'Daumifav;u b,favmufBuD;yvJ? b,fuvJ}
]usaemfhavmufzJ...? [dk w&kwfacgufqJGqdkifu}
]bmvJ acgufqJGqdkifu qdkif&Sifw&kwfom;vm;}
]r[kwfzl;? usaemfhvdkbJ tiSm;vkyfwm}
atm...b0wlcsif;bJudk;..../
uRefawmfhpdwfxJu a&&GwfvdkufNyD; olwkdUuav;awG tajctaeawG;awmum..
]at;av...rdef;cav;qdkwm vlBuD;awGpum;em;axmifwm aumif;wmayghuGm.....
uJrif;&kyf&SifMunfhbdkU aiGig;usyfay;cJUr,f? rif;MunfhcsifwJUvleJU oGm;Munfhaya&mh}
olonf uRefawmfhudkawGí Munfhum....
]cifAsm;aumrMunfhbl;vm;}
]igrMunfhcsifygbl;uGm}
]bmvdkUvJ? 'Dum; MunfhNyD;aevdkUvm;}
]MunfhawmhrMunfh&ao;ygbl;}
]'gjzifh Munfhygvm;Asm...usaemfeJUtwlMunfhAsm? nyJGqdkawmh usaemfhtjyef vdkufydkU
r,fhvlvJ r&Sdbl;}
uRefawmfu yef;uefaq;aom oli,fav;udkMunfhí....
][dkaumifav; tazmfac:ygvm;}
]rjzpfzl;As? olu [dkaumifav;eJU Mum;uatmifoG,fAs? BuD;awmfwkdUu oleJUqdk omNyD;
pdwfrcsao;w,f? qlrSm}
]igeJUaumuGm}
]cifAsm;awmh vlBuD;bJ}
uRefawmfacwårQawGí pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ þvdk qif;&JvSpGm NiD;aiGUp&mtvkyfudk aeUpOf
vkyfae&ol uav;tm; azsmfajzrIjyKoifhonf[k pdwful;aygufNyD;...
]uJ..aumif;NyD? ig nrif;b,fvmac:&rvJ}
]cifAsm;rS uRefawmfwkdUtdrf rodao;wm? vmrac:ygeJU? vm;&SdK;vrf;eJU r*Fvm
&kyf&Sif&kHoGm;wJU vrf;a'gifhu usaemfapmifhaer,fav? cifAsm; 6-em&Davmuf vmcJUaygh}
xdkn 9-em&DcefU &kyf&SifNyD;í uRefawmfolwkdUtdrf jyefydkUaomtcgü xrif;qdkif
ta':BuD;ESifh tzdk;BuD;u aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymvdkufavonf/
xdkpOftcsdef arNrdKUwGif ZmwfyGJESifhupm;yGJawG&Sdavonf/
udk;rD;0dkif;? tpdrf;teD? jrm;ypf? 6-aumiftHpm 4-aumif*sif? 36-aumifxD/
wyfrawmfwGuf &HykHaiGESifh w&kwfjzLaqmf wyfrawmf*kPfjyKyGJ[kqdkonf/ ppfom; awG
b,fESpf&mcdkifEIef; upm;yGJ&IH;í vlxkrnfrQepfemum trIaqmifvlBuD;rsm; rnfrQyGMu
onfudk olwkdUudk,fpDrS odMuayrnf/
36-aumifxDudk aps;onf acgif;&Gufonfrsm; ig;rl;wrwfutp aMu;&wwfrsm; u
ig;q,fw&mtxd upm;Muonf/ ,if;tBudKufrSm arNrdKUwNrdKUvkH;onf 36-aumif
pum;udkom ajymaeonf/ tdrfolrdef;rrsm;xHrSyif eHeufaps;0,fvm&if;... ]tdk;...36-
aumifpdwf rTefaewmeJU 'DaeUbm0,fcsuf&rSef;awmif rodbl;}qdkwJU toHrsKd;awG Mum;&
onf/ udk,fvkyf&rnfh tvkyfxuf twdwfpdrf; twdwfusuftdyfrufawGudkom pdwf0ifpm;
aeMuonf/ b,ftaumifudk xdk;&rvJom wGufcsufBuHqaeMuonf/
36-aumifxDonf waeUESpfcgzGifhonf/ tESDvdkBuKHawmifhBuKHcJvSaom yGJBuD;udk uRefawmf
vufvTwfray;acs/ waeUESpfcg 36-aumif0dkif;udk ajy;&onf/ wdk;&onf/ xdk;& onf/
xdkaeUrSm aemufqkH;jzpfonf/ þaeUawmh uRefawmfonf ]36-aumif}taMumif;yg aom
0w¬Kwyk'fawmh a&;rnftBuH&Sdí zGifhykHzGifhenf;udkod&ef udk,fxdk;p&m&Sdonfrsm;udk
xdk;NyD;vnf; rjyefao;bJ tzGifhudkapmifhaeonf/ aeUudef;udk n9-em&DtcsdefrSm zGifhrnf/
36-aumifxD½kH;\a&SU0,f uspfqHeDewf&kyf tvHwdkifwGif aygufaumifudk xnfhxm; aom
oHaowåmuav;udk BudK;ESifh qGJwifxm;onf/ avwdkufawmh þaowåmuav; onf
[dkbufvSnhfvdkuf onfbufvSnfhvdkufaeonf/ rxdk;&ao;olrsm;u wdk;í xdk;ae
Muonf/ xdk;NyD;olrsm;u þaowåmuav;udk t&dyfwMunfhMunfhaeMuonf/
uRefawmfonf þvlpkxJ rwfwwf&yfaepOf? aemufrSuRefawmfhyckH;udk vmudkifí
vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m xrif;qdkif uRefawmfhrdwfaqGruav;/
][if...at;p}olUemrnfudkac:vdkufonf? ]eifwa,mufxJvm;...tazmfrygbl;vm;}
]ygcJUw,f...ck vlcsif;uGJoGmvdkU cifAsm;jrifwmeJUvmwm}
]bmvJ eifwdkUyGJMunfh&atmif vmMuwmvm;}
][kwfw,f...cifAsm;aum MunfhrvdkUvm;}
]Munfhcsifygbl;[m...tdyfysufcHvdkU...}
]'gjzifh 36-aumifxdk;&atmif vmwmvm;..}
]at;...eifaum rxdk;bl;vm;...}
]usaemfhydkufqHrS r&SdwmbJ...}
]xdk;aum xdk;csifovm;...}
]xdk;csifwmayghAs...? cifAsm;ydkufqHay;r,fvm;}
uRefawmfrSm raeUu nudef;(cdk)udk aygufxm;í ydkufqHcyfazmazmjzpfaeojzifh
]ay;&wmayghuGm}qdkNyD; tdwfxJpuúLw&Guf EIdufvdkuf&m olUukodkvfbJ ig;usyfwefjzpfae
onf/
]uJ..a&mh..xdk;acs...}
olonf ydkufqHudkifum 0rf;om&TifyspGmESifh...
][if..b,favmufbdk; xdk;cJU&rvJ}
]ig;usyfpvkH; eifhay;wm? eifhoabmbJ? eifxdk;r,fhtaumifaum &nf&G,fNyD;om; &Sdyvm;}
]&Sdw,f...&Sdw,f}qdkNyD; vufrSwfydwfcgeD;aeí olxGufajy;avonf/
xdkaemufü olvufrSwfuav;udkifum NyKH;&TifpGmjyefvmonf/
]b,favmufbdk; xdk;cJUovJ}
]ig;usyfpvkH;bJ}
]tvJ..bmaumifudkvJ}
]pdwf}
]qdwf..eifhb,fvlu ajymvdkUvJ}
]usaemf tdyfrufwmAs}
]b,fvdk rufwmvJ}
]pdwfBuD;waumifuav...usaemfh&ifbwf a[m'Dae&mudk ajy;vmNyD;acgif;eJU aqmifhw,fAs}
uRefawmf &,farmrdum...
]atmifrav;...eifhtdyfrufuvJ roufomvdkufwm[m? eif&ifatmifhNyD;? vJroGm; bl;vm;}
]&ifvJratmifhbl;? vJvJrvJbl;As? pdwfBuD;u usaemfhudk wu,fcwfwmrS r[kwf wmbJ?
olu upm;ovdk ckefaygufajy;vmNyD; cwfcsifa,mif aqmifwmbJ? olU*sKdu
usaemfhtoJxJawmh 0ifoGm;owJUAs? 'gayr,fh emawmhrembl;As? EdkUNyD; wu,fhpdwfvJ
[kwfbl;...}
olU&ifbwfjyaom ae&mrSm nmbuf&iftkHjzpfí toJae&mrSefygonf/
olUtdyfruftwdkif; 36-aumiftwdwfudk,l&aomf wdkuf&dkuftm;jzifh ]qdwf}jzpf onf/
oG,f0dkufíqdkvQif olU&ifbwfqdwfcwfcH&aom ae&mrSm 36-aumifewf&kyfü
iSuf&SdaomaMumifh iSufjzpfonf/ þrSwzef 36-aumiftnTef;pmtkyfwGif Munfhuqdwf\
udk,fpm;vS,f usD;? iSuf\udk,fpm;vS,f cdkjzpfaomaMumifh 36-aumif upm;aeusvlqdk
vQif þ4aumifpvkH;udk xdk;vdrfhrnf/ odkUaomfraeUu nudfef;ckdudkzGifhxm;aomaMumifh
cdkudk xyfxdk;bdkUrvdk/ cdku ]ikwfwkyfawmif}jzpfaeonf/ ikwfwkyfaumifqdkonfrSm
,ckzGifhrnfhyGJ t&ifyGJu zGifhxm;aom taumifudkac:onf/ waumifxJudk yGJrjcm;bJ
qufrzGifh&/ 36-aumifOya'/
xdkUaMumifh olUtdyfruft& ,cknwGif qdwf? usD;? iSuf usef 3aumifudk xdk;&rnf/
odkUaomf rç[0gav;u wdkuf&dkufaumif qdwfwaumifxJ xdk;cJUonf/ rSefcsifvnf;rSef
wwfonf/ olUukodkvfuHudk rajymEdkifay/ uRefawmfxdk;aom taumifrsm;ü qdwfrygacs/
olUtdyfrufvJ rSef&ifrSefap/ olUtwGufvJ qkawmif;&aumif;atmif uRefawmfoGm;xdk;OD;
rnf[k BuHonf/ odkUaomfrrSDawmhNyD/ tcsdefaphívufrSwf ydwfoGm;NyD/
9em&Dwdwd0,f armif;okH;csufxkvdkufNyD; wa,mufaomolu aygufaumifaowåm
BudK;udkqGJcsonf? wa,mufaom oluaowåmudkqD,lNyD; aomhzGifhonf/ vlxkBuD;onf
teD;odkU pkHtkHwdk;BudwfoGm;Muum rdrdwdkU xdk;xm;aom taumifrsm;udk bmaumifuG
nmaumifuG[k wa,mufwayguf a&&GwfMuonf/
at;puav;onf uRefawmfhvufarmif; wzufudkwif;MuyfpGm udkifumvltkyfxJü
uRefawmfhaemufu wdk;ívdkufvmonf/
aowåmaomhzGifhaomolonf puúLcsyfwGif a&;íxm;aom taumifudktrsm;jrif atmif
axmifíjyvdkufum...
]qdwf...qdwf}[k atmfvdkufavonf/
at;puav;onf narSmifarSmif vltkyfxJü uRefawmfhudk,fudk vufESpfzufESifh
wif;MuyfpGmzufum uRefawmfh&ifbwfudk rsufESmtyfxm;onf/ olUudk,frSmwqwfqwf
wkefaeonf/ olUtoHygwkefaeonf/ olUZmwdpdwfay:vmonf/
]usr..usr...b,favmuf&rSmvJ&Sif tudkBuD;}
27 qjzpfav&um;...
]135d-usyf&rSmayghuGm}
][if...trsm;BuD;bJ? tudkBuD;vJ ,laemf}
]igr,lygbl;uGm? rif;ukodkvfeJU rif;&wmrif;bJtm;vkH;,lyg}
oluav;onf uRefawmf\vnfyif;udk zufumuRefawmfhyg;udk vSr;fíerf;av onf/
aemufwaeU uRefawmfxrif;pm;&atmif oGm;aomtcgü 0rf;omtm;&ESifh
aus;Zl;wifpum;awG wGwfxdk;atmifajymavonf/ uRefawmfhtm; qdkifodkU xrif;pm;vm
olwa,muftae r[kwfawmhbJ {nfhaumif;apmifaumif;vmaom tdrf&SifruJUodkU jyKpk
avonf/ tudkBuD;pm;NyD; ydkufqHray;&bl;aemf}[kajymonf/
qdkif&Siftzdk;BuD;ESifhta':BuD;uvnf; uRefawmfhqDvmí EIwfqufpum;ajymjyK onf/
þrdef;uav;rSm awm&GmuolUrdbrsm; qif;&JvSí orD;trSwfjzifh ac:,lauR;arG;
xm;aMumif;ajymonf/
orD;trSwfqdkNyD; ta':BuD;rSm a&TxnfawG 0wfxm;ygvsuf rdef;uav;tm;
em;a#mif;uav;rQ vkyfray;onfudk uRefawmfhpdwfxJu rJUrdonf/
odkUaomf...'kwd,aeU uRefawmfvmaom tcgü at;puav;em;rSm em;a#mif; uav;
ajymajymifESifh jzpfaeonf/ t0wftpm;vJ oyfoyf&yf&yf opfopfvGifvGif olUudk,fESifh
tqifajyavonf/ ,ckrS tysKduav;ESifh wlavonf/
olUtouft&G,f olUudk,fxnfESifh rvkHrvJjzpfae&mrS þodkUzlvkHvSyoGm;onfudk
uRefawmf0rf;omvSygonf/ oluav;udkMunfhí ]awmif;tuGyf vlt0wf}qdkaompum;
udkpdwfxJrS a&&Gwfrdygonf/
wwd,aeUü oluav;u uRefawmfhudkar;onf/
]tudkBuD; eufjzefcg rtm;bl;vm;}
]bmvdkUvJ? igutm;csiftm;ygw,f}
]usrwdkUESpfa,muf a&Smufvnf&atmifav}
]rif;aum....tm;vkdUvm;}
]eufzefcg vuG,faeUaps;ydwfw,fav}
arNrdKUrSm wvvQifESpf&ufvjynfhESifh vuG,fwGifaps;ydwfygonf/
]atm...eufzefvuG,fudk;? igawmh Arm&ufudk rodawmhbl;uG,f? uJ..b,frsm;
a&SmufvnfrSmwkef;}
]uefawmfBuD;wdkU a&ul;uefwkdUaygh udkBuD;&JU? EdkUNyD; usr"mwfykHvJ &dkufcsifw,f}
]bmvJ rif;&nf;pm; ay;bdkUvm;}
þae&mü olUrsufESm ododomom ajymif;vJoGm;um....
]tdk;...r[kwfygbl;? usr 'Daumifav;eJU raeUubJjywfjywfpJpJ ajymvdkufygNyD?
vlBuD;awGurS oabmruswm? udkBuD;bJ ajymw,frIwfvm;? vlBuD;awGpum;em;axmif
wmaumif;w,fvdkU}
]at;...aumif;ygw,fuGm...}
]usr tpuxJuvJ olUrBudKufygbl;? oluvdkufaevdkUom? oleJU usrvJ bmrS
rjzpf&ao;ygbl;}[kqdkNyD; &SufpEdk;uav;ESifh rsufvTmcsvdkufygonf/ acwåMumrS
uRefawmfh rsufESmudk jyefarmhMunfhNyD;...
]aemf....udkBuD;? eufzefus usr "mwfykHqdkifvJ vdkufydkUaemf...}
]rif;"mwfykHb,fESpfcg &dkufzl;ovJ}
]wcg....}
]b,fwkef;uvJ...}
][dkwESpfwkef;u...}
]EdkU....tJ'D"mwfykH&Sdao;vm;...}
]r&Sdawmhbl; udkBuD;&JU usrtar rrmawmh orD;rsufESmjrifcsifygw,f rSmwmudk
vlurjyeftm;wmeJU tJ'D"mwfykHydkUvdkuf&w,f....}
]atmf....'geJU orD;udk,fpm; 'D"mwfykHjrif&wmeJU rif;tarucsufcsif; usef;rmoGm;
a&mqdkygawmh t[m;...[m;}
uRefawmf\ aomvkH;jzpfygonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfh[moonf olUudkrsuf&nfus
apygonf/
]rusef;rmoGm;bl; udkBuD;&JU? usr "mwfykHa&mif;wJUaeUbJ aooGm;w,f...}
][if....}
uRefawmfrSm jyufvkH;xkwfae&mrS &kwfw&uf trlt&majymif;oGm;&um...
]"mwfykHrS MunfhoGm;Edkifao;&JUvm;}
]MunfhoGm;Edkifao;owJU udkBuD;&JU}
]tif;...aoawmhaum...rif;oGm;Edkifao;&JUvm;}
]'Dawmh...oGm;&wmaygh udkBuD;&JU....}
]rif;wkdU&Gmu 'Duae b,fESpfrdkifa0;vJ}
]b,fESpfrdkifa0;vJawmh rodbl;? 'DureufoGm;&if rGef;rwnfhcif a&mufw,f}
]&Gmemrnf bmac:ovJ}
]aemifcrf;BuD;}
]aemifcrf;BuD; &Srf;eHr,f &Srf;&Gmayghaemf}
][kwfuJU...}
]rif;u &Srf;vm;...}
]tazu ArmwJU}
]ArmwJU} olUpum;udk rsufarSmifMuKwfí pOf;pm;vdkufNyD;-
]rif;taz rif;rodvdkufzl;vm;}
]rodvdkufzl;/ usri,fi,fuav;xJu ArmjynfjyeftkH;r,fqdkNyd; jyefoGm;wm
aemufjyefrvmawmhbl;wJU}
]atmf...a0:...uJ...rif;rsuf&nfawGudk okwfypfyguGm? igu trSwfwrJU oGm;pvdkuf
rdwmeJU}
tusÐvufarmif;pESifh olUrsufESmokwfNyD;...
]ckES,frsm; tar&Sd&ifav..udkBuD;eJU &GmoGm;vnfvdkuf& b,favmufaumif;rvJ? udkBuD;u
usrudk 'gavmufaiGawG&atmif vkyfay;wm od&ifav....tar...b,favmuf
0rf;omvdkufrvJ}
]'g..igvkyfay;vdkU r[kwfygbl;uGm? rif;tdyfrufeJUrif;&wmyg}
]tJ'D tdyfrufxJrSm udkBuD;vJygw,fodvm;}
]bm..igvJ ygw,f}
]tif;..}
]b,fvdkygwmvJ}
ol uRefawmfhrsufESmudk aphaphpyfpyfMunfhum....
]ajymr,faemf...pdwfrqdk;eJU}
]ajymyguGm...tdyfrufwm...bmpdwfqdk;p&mvJ}
]tdyfrufxJrSm usr &ifbwfudk cwfwJU qdwfBuD;[mav}
olpum;cyfav;av;vkyfaeNyD;rS....
]udkBuD;&,f}
]bm...ig}
][kwfw,f...usr&ifbwfvJ cwfNyD;a&m tJ'DqdwfBuD;u udkBuD;jzpfoGm;a&m}
]BuHBuHzefzefuGm}
oluRefawmfhrsufESm aphaphMunfhjyefNyD;...
]udkBuD; pdwfqdk;ovm;[if}
]rqdk;ygbl;uGm? tdyfrufwm pdwfqdk;p&mvm;}
]'gjzifhav...udkBuD;eJUusr rufwmawG &Sdao;w,f ajymtkH;r,f? [dk..udkBuD;&,f
&kyf&SifvdkufjywJUnuav}qdkNyD;rS &kwfw&uf &SufpEdk;jzifh? reufzefusrS ajymr,f? udkBuD;
reufusawmh tdrfvmac:aemf? usrwdkU a&Smufvnf&atmif? [dknu udkBuD;vdkufydkUwm
usrwdkUtdrf rSwfrdw,fr[kwfvm;}
]rSwfrdygw,f 'Dub,folawG tazmfygtkH;rvJ? tzdk;BuD;eJU a':BuD;ygrvm;}
]b,fygrvJ olwdkUu OykofapmifhMurSm}
uRefawmfonf yef;uefaq;aom aumifuav;udkMunfhí...
][dk..aumifav;aum}
]tdk;..oleJUusr &efjzpfxm;w,f}
]bmvdkUvJ}
][dkaumifav;udk usru jywfjywfpJpJ ajymvdkufwm? olu [dkbufuvdkufemw,f av?
bmrSr[kwfzl;? [dkaumifav;u olUacgufqGJav; bmav;auR;wmeJU}
]'gjzifh rif;eJUigESpfa,mufxJaygh}
olonf uRefawmfhudk rsufvkH;uav; 0ifhMunfhvdkufum-
]bmvJ udkBuD;uusreJU ESpfa,mufxJqdk roGm;csifbl;vm;...}
]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? oGm;csifygw,f}
]'gjzifh reufvmac:aemf? qufquf}
aemufwaeUeHeufwGif oluav;onf vSvSyy jyifqifum uRefawmfhudk ajrSmf&Sm
avawmhrnf/
uRefawmfum; rdrdrEdkifaom Zmwfvrf;twGuf a&SUrqufawmhbJ vrf;w0ufESifh
jyefcJU&ayawmhonf/
xdkaeUeHeufü uRefawmfonf rdrdxm;&SdcJUaom uwdtwdkif; olwdkUtdrf&Sd&m ]pnf;ukH}odkU
vmcJUygonf/ 'DuaeUawmh oluav;qE´twdkif; oluav;ESifh tcsdefjzKef;&ef
qkH;jzwfcsufcscJUygonf/
]AsKdUq&mBuD;...q&mBuD;}
uRefawmfvrf;avQmufvmpOf aemufrSac:oHMum;í vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m olwkdU xrif;qdkifrS
yef;uefaq;aom aumifuav;/
uRefawmf&yfvdkufNyD;....
]a[h...bmvJuG}
]cifAsm;ck at;pqD oGm;rvdkUrIwfvm;}
]at;...}
]cifAsm;BuD; wu,f,lrS vkyfygAsm}
]bm...}
uRefawmfh rsufckef;arT; ESpfzufonf txufodkUauG;í wufoGm;onf/ csmwdwf url
tdajE´rysufzJ cyfwnfwnfESifh
]wu,fr,lbJeJU olrsm;cspfjcif; cGif;&kHjzifh raumif;ygbl;Asm}
uRefawmfydkrdk tHUtm;oifhum....
]a[h...rif;bmawG ajymaewmvJ}
]at;pu pdk;&udk cGmxkwfvdkufwm[m cifAsm;BuD;aMumifhAs}
uRefawmfrsufvkH;NyJum...
][,f...}
raeUu at;pu uRefawmfhudkajymw,f? pdk;&vdk acgufqGJqdkifu ulvDpkwfbmvkyf zdkUvJ?
olxufomwJUvl ,lrSmayghwJU? cifAsm;BuD;u olU,lr,fajymw,fqdk? olUvlBuD;awGu vJ
cifAsm;eJUqdk oabmwlw,fwJU}
þreufwGif oluav;uawmh aMumhaMumharmharmh 0wfpm;jyifqifum uRefawmfh udk
ajrSmf&Smayawmhrnf/
uRefawmfrlum;? aemufaemifyif oluav;ESifh rawGUatmif a&Smifjcif;rSwyg;
tjcm;bmrsm; vkyfoifhygao;oenf;/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;ESifh OD;xifwdkU jyefoGm;MuNyD;aemuf? xdktzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;u
ntcsdefwGifom &SdaomaMumifh? e*g;a':OD;wdkufrSm uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; aeouJUodkU
&Sdayawmhonf/ xdkpOfu OD;ae0if;-a':OD;wdkU vifr,m;onf wcgw&H a&mufvmwwfí
uRefawmfhtm; þa*[mrSm aecsifoavmufaeyg&ef OD;ae0if; (pma&;q&m&JxGef;vif;)
u]cifAsm; a&mif;pm;roGm;&if NyD;a&mAsm}[k ajymay&m? uRefawmfrSm xdktcgarNrdKUwGif
rdwfaqGo*F[vnf; rsm;jym;vsuf? arNrdKUom; wa,mufuJUodkU aexdkifcJUygonf/
uRefawmfrSm xdkpOfwGif aiGaMu;twGufvnf; ylyifp&mr&Sd? &Ir0wdkufodkU vpOfrSef rSef
0w¬Ka&;ydkUvsuf? &efukef&Sd uRefawmfhtdrfaxmiftwGuf aiGudkOd;ausmfu rSefrSefay;ae
onf/ uRefawmfarNrdKUwGifokH;&efaiGudk azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; jr0wf&nfpwdk;rS vdkoavmuf
,lonf/ xdktcsdefu &Ir0onf vQrf;vQrf;awmuf? 'dwf'dwfBuJ? xdyfwef;tusqkH;aom
r*¾Zif;jzpfonf/ aomfwmaqGvnf; emrnfwufaumif;aewkef;tcsdef/ &Ir0r*¾Zif;\
yifwdkif pma&;q&mwa,muf taeESifhvnf; *kPf&SdvSonf/ aomfwmaqGudk oduRrf;vdk
ol wdkUvnf;[kdrSonfrSvmí rdwfzGJUMuonf/ xrif;pm;zdwfMuonf/
,if;odkU uRefawmfarNrdKUrSm aysmfyg;aecdkuf? waeUoü &Ir0udkausmfjrqDrS
pmwapmifa&mufvmavonf/ Zlvdkifvqef;avmufwGif jzpfygonf/
udkaqG
'DaEG&moDrSm cifAsm;vmar;MuwJU trsKd;orD;awG ESpfOD;okH;OD;&SdNyD/ 'gayr,fh t&if
[mawGu redyfzl;? uRefawmfawmif rBudKufzl;? 'gaMumifh cifAsm;qDtaMumif;rMum;wm?
ck[muawmh edyfw,fq&m? awmifhw,f? t,fw,f? awmifBuD;arwJU? tckol&efukefq&m
jzpfoif ausmif;a&mufaew,f? olUvdyfpmu (cifar&D awmifBuD;) q&mtwwfoif odyÜH?
uefbJU? &efukef)wJU? cifAsm;qD taMumif;Mum;ay;ygvdkU aoaocsmcsmrSmoGm;w,f/
uRefawmfhqDvmwm ESpfcg&SdNyD/ olwkdUvmwmESpfa,muf? touf 20-avmufawG?
ESpfa,mufpvkH;vJ acsmw,f? &Srf;&kyfawGbJ &Srf;carmufawGeJU/
tJ'gbJ udk,fhq&m/ cifAsm;rEÅav;u aumifrav;eJU [efusaeNyDqdk&if tJ'D arudk
uRefawmfeJUvTJpm a&;ay;vdkuf...[J[J..? 'grS r[kwfvJ areJUtazmfygvmwJU jzLjzL
azG;azG;BuD;udk uRefawmfhajymay;ayghAsm/ uRefawmfhvJ 'DESpfxJrSm pGHr,fvdkUaA'ifua[m
xm;w,f/ 'grsm;vm;rodygbl;...[D[D;../
udkausmfjronf uRefawmfhqD pma&;&if; awmfawmfoabmusae[efwlygonf/
xdkpOfumvu olonf vlysKdBuD;/ rlvyxra&SUOD;qkH; &Ir0 (146-taemufzufwef;?
AdkvfcsKyfaps;)wGif oluaiGudkif pm&if;udkif/ qdkifa&SUrsufESmpmrSm pmyGJwvkH;ESifh xdkifonf
jzpfí? &Ir0ESifh ywfoufNyD; wpkHwa,mufESifh awGUcsifvQif olUqDyxra&mufvmMuonf/
udkausmfjronf vlacsmvlcefUwa,mufjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh olUudkckwkH;vkyfNyD;
uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf aMumfjim&onf/
OD;ausmfnDudkausmfjronf rdef;uav;awGjrifvQif pdwful;,Ofcsifavmufatmif
taemufEdkifiH &kyf&Sifrif;om;uJUodkU cefUacsmacsmol jzpfavonf/ &Ir0wdkufü vlacsma&G;
&if... ]aomfwmaqGNyD;olbJ}[k vlwdkif;ajymMuygonf/ uRefawmfr0gyg/ udkausmfjrawmf
awmfacsmoljzpfyg\/ r,kHvQif AdkvfcsKyfaps;? &Ir0wdkufwGif vmíMunhfEdkifMuygonf/
oltNrJwrf; &Sdygonf/
,if;odkU uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;xJwGif xnfha&;avh&SdaomaMumifh uRefawmfhpmzwf y&dowfESifh
olESifh vlcsif;roduRrf;bJvsuf &if;ESD;ovdk jzpfaeMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhudk
awGUvdkolwkdUonf olUudkar;&ef vG,fulaeMuayonf/
uRefawmfonf ar ]þodkU &efukefa&mufvmvdrfhrnf[lí rajrSmfvifhcJUay/ trSef
udk0efcH&aomf uRefawmfonf cdkifESifh oJoJrJrJjzpfaepOfwGif arhqD uRefawmfpma&;ayghcJU
onf/ ckdifESifh cGJcGmcJU&NyD; uRefawmfarNrdKUa&mufrS (topfb,fvdkaumif;aumif;
ta[mif;udkbJ wvnfvnf) qdkbdodkU uRefawmfarhqDudk pmESpfapmif a&;cJUygao;onf/
olUqDrS jyefpmr&cJU/ ,ckrl uRefawmfrodbJ &efukefa&mufvmcJUjcif;jzpf\/ tu,fí
uRefawmfarNrdKUrS a&;vdkufaom pmawG olUqDa&mufygrl olonf udkausmfjrqDodkU oGm;&ef
yif rvdkacs/
rnfodkUyifjzpfap uRefawmfhpma&;q&mb0\ tcspfOD;arudk awGUcsifvSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh
rdwfaqGawG tm;vkH;udk EIwfqufum arNrdKUrS qif;cJUNyD; &efukefodkUjyefcJUyg awmh\/
arhqDudkvnf; uRefawmfpma&;vdkufNyD;
tcPf; (19)
arESifhuRefawmf
aronf 1948-ckESpf? ol 16-ESpforD;u uRefawmfhqDodkU rdwfqufpma&;cJUí? 1949-
ckESpfwGif &nf;pm;jzpfvmMuum ESpfrsm;pGm pmtoGm;tjyefa&;aeMuonf/ (arodkU) [k
olUtwGuf &nf;pl;um 0w¬Krsm;pGm a&;cJUonf/ tcsKdU0w¬Krsm;wGif aomfwmaqG &nf;pm;
arZmwfvdkufxm;um tcgrsm;pGm a&;om;cJUojzifh uRefawmfh
tcPf; (19)
arESifhuRefawmf
aronf 1948-ckESpf? ol 16-ESpforD;u uRefawmfhqDodkU rdwfqufpma&;cJUí? 1949-
ckESpfwGif &nf;pm;jzpfvmMuum ESpfrsm;pGm pmtoGm;tjyefa&;aeMuonf/ (arodkU) [k
olUtwGuf &nf;pl;um 0w¬Krsm;pGm a&;cJUonf/ tcsKdU0w¬Krsm;wGif aomfwmaqG &nf;pm;
arZmwfvdkufxm;um tcgrsm;pGm a&;om;cJUojzifh uRefawmfhpmzwfy&dowfuyif arudk
odaeMuvsuf? ]udkaqG? areJU b,fawmhnm;rvJ}[laom ar;pmrsm;yif vmcJUonf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUrSm 0w¬Krsm;xJwGifom ESpfyg;oGm;aeMu&í vlcsif;awGUbdkU um;
uRefawmfr&nf&G,fcJU/ rBudK;pm;cJU/ umqD;xm;aom taMumif;rsm;&SdcJU\/ odkU&mwGif
BuHaomfvnf;rjzpf? r&nf&G,fbJvnf; jzpfwwfonfhtavsmuf? arESifh uRefawmfwdkU
taMumif;uHu aygif;&efzefvmavawmh? olonf awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm rlvwef;ausmif; wckü
jynfawmfomacwf qGJcefUq&mr vkyfae&mrS 1954-ck ESpfwGif uefbJUq&m
twwfoifausmif;odkU a&mufvmcJUonf/
'Dawmh oluRefawmfhudk &SmykHawmfzGifhNyD/ uRefawmfvnf; arNrdKUrSjyefvmcJUNyD/
olESifhuRefawmfonf "gwfykHcsif;om vJvS,fxm;vsuf vlcsif;wcgrQrawGUbl;bJ
6ESpfwmrQ orD;&nf;pm; jzpfcJUMuí ,ckcsdef;qdkxm;Muawmh jrifvQif od&SdMu&ef t0wf
tqifta&mifESifh trsKd;tpm;udk toD;oD;pmxJwGif azmfjyum tcsdefae&mESifhwuG wdwd
usus a&;om;vdkufMuonf/
rdk;umvrdkU xufaumif;uifu jymrIdif;vsuf&Sdonf/
1954 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv\ wwd,oDwif;ywf we*FaEGaeU eHeuf 10em&DwdwdwGif
uefbJUq&mtwwfoif ausmif;a&SUü opfvGifaom wD;vfrJrif;um;wpD;&yfNyD; xdkum;ay:
rS befaumufvkHcsnf a&nSda&mif? ydk;tuÐsteuf? &ifbwfrSmESif;qDeDwyGifhxdk;vsuf
touf 30rQ cefUrSef;&aom vl&G,fwa,muf qif;vmcsdefü tif;av; Zif;r,fvkHcsnfESifh
pdefuwåDyg tuÐseDeD0wfxm;aom touf 20cefU trsKd;orD;wa,mufonf olESifh&G,fwl
rdef;razmfwa,mufESifh vSyaom &Srf;carmuf udk,fpDaqmif;um ausmif;0if;xJrS
xGufvmMuonf/
azmfjyygESpfa,mufonf cyfvSrf;vSrf;uyif NyKH;&TifaomrsufESmrsm;ESifh wa,muf
wa,muf &Tef;&Tef;pm;pm; MunfhMuum rsufESmcsif;qdkifrdonfü trsKd;om;u tvGefw&m
0rf;omaomtoHESifh ]ar}[k ac:vdkufí trsKd;orD;u ]armif}[k MunfEl;ESpfNcdKufpGm
jyefxl;vdkufavonf/
xdktcgü arESifhygvmolrSm &Srf;jynfuyif/ olESifhtwlygvmcJUaom ausmif;ae
bufoli,fcsif; cifpef;nGefUjzpfí uRefawmfhtm; um;ESifhvdkufydkUolrSm &Ir0udkausmfjryif
jzpfygonf/
þum; arESifhuRefawmfyPmr awGUqkHMujcif;yif/ pmcsif;om qufoG,faeolwdkU rSm
þyPmr awGUqkHjcif;onf tvGefta&;BuD;\/ pmrsm;xJwGif rnfrQyif cspfygw,f/
BudKufygw,f? jrwfEdk;ygw,f[k zGJUEGJUaeMuaomfvnf; vlcsif;awGU&aomtcgü cyftiftif
jzpfum pdwfysufoGm;Muonfrsm;udk uRefawmfBuKHbl;\/
,ck arhudkuRefawmfawGUvdkuf&aomtcgü uRefawmfhpdwf0,f qxufwHydk; jrwfEdk;
cspfMuifrdaví olUbufu uRefawmfhtm; pdwfayghoGm;rSmyif pdk;&drfrdojzifh xdkaeUolwkdU
ausmif;udkjyefydkUNyD;? &Ir0wdkufodkU uRefawmfjyefa&mufaomtcgü ]ar...armifhudkawGU&awmh
[dkwkef;utwdkif; pmawGxJuvdk cspfao;&JUvm;uG,f....armif odyfpdk;&drfwmbJ? armifu
awmhav...arhudk vlcsif;vJawGU&a&m? wu,fbJ ESpfESpfumum cspfwJUpdwfawG[m &ifxJ
rSm wzswfzswf wvSyfvSyfay:vmawmhwmbJ}ponfh t"dyÜm,foufaom pmudk csufjcif;
a&;NyD; pmwdkufrSxnfhvdkuf&m? þpmaemufwaeU olUausmif;odkUa&mufrnfh tcsdefü
arhxHupmwapmif uRefawmfhqD a&mufvmygawmhonf/
olUpmrSmvnf; uRefawmfhenf;wlyif/ ][if...armif arhudkawGU&awmh b,fhES,fae ovJ
armif&,f...Zeyk'fu &Srf;rav;&,fqdkNyD; pdwfysufoGm;rSmudk arodyfpdk;&drfwmbJ?
armifarhudk xyfawGUcsifwJUpdwfrsm; &Sdao;&JUvm;}qdkonfh oabm/
pifppfawmh olESifhuRefawmfonf pmcsif;rnfrQyif tvGrf;o,fxm;apumrl vlcsif;
awGUMuawmh wa,mufwa,muf cspfEdkifrcspfEdkif ,wdjywf qkH;jzwfxm;onfr[kwf
ao;í olUbufuvnf; taz:wa,muf? uRefawmfhbufuvnf; tazmfwa,muf?
ac:vmcJUMujcif;jzpfayonf/
xdkUaMumifh vlu 4 a,muf jzpfaeMuawmh? xdkaeUrSm uRefawmfwkdU cspfudpöudk ra&mufzJ?
vlcsif;rdwfqufyGJrQ jzpfaeí w&kwfwef;u tGefavmufa[mfw,frSm xrif; pm;MuNyD;
olwkdUudkjyefydkUvdkufMuonf/
onfhaemufrS uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufxJ awGUcsifMuonfudk ESpfa,mufpvkH;pdwfü
ay:Muojzifh aemufpaerSm csdef;qdkum uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;oGm;í arwa,muf
wnf;ac:vmcJUawmhonf/ uRefawmfwkdU yxrOD;qkH; cspfwif;aESmvdkufMuonfuawmh
wd&pämef&kHrSm jzpfygonf/ xdkUaemufwGifrl pae? we*FaEGaeUwdkif;vdkyif &kyf&Sif&kH? a&Twd*kH
bk&m;? uefawmfBuD;ESifh tif;vsm;? vrf;ovm;Mu&avawmhonf/
wpwpESifh olESifhuRefawmfonf ,Ofyg;onfxuf ,Ofyg;ívmMuaomtcgwGif? yJcl;odkU
wnOfhtdyf c&D;oGm;Mu&ef uRefawmfpDpOfonf/ arum; uRefawmfhqE´udkbmrQ rjiif;acs/
xdktcsdefü yJcl;wGif NrdKUtkyf udkcifOD;ESifh a':nGefUnGefUwdkU&Sdonf/ olwkdUvifr,m; onf
uRefawmf\pmzwf y&dowfjzpfí olwkdUjrpfBuD;em;NrdKUrSmaepOf 1951-ck ucsif raemyGJodkU
uRefawmfoGm;wkef;uwnf;u pwifcifrifcJUMuonf/ ,ck yJcl;odkU olwkdUajymif;
vmMu&awmh tvnfvmyg&ef w-wwac:aeMuojzifh tqifoifhyif uRefawmfwkdU
vifr,m;ESpfa,muf vmcJUrnfhtaMumif; udkcifOD;xHpma&;vdkufawmhonf/
udkcifOD;wkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUtm; wu,fvifr,m;bJ xifíuRefawmfwkdUtwGuf
tdyf&mcrf;em;rsm; jyifqifxm;Muonf/ paeaeUreuf &xm;ESifhoGm;MuNyD; we*FaEGaeU
nae&xm;ESifh jyefvmMuawmh &efukefblwmrSm arSmifaeacsNyD/
onfawmh uRefawmfu...
]ar&,f rxl;awmhygbl;? aemufwaeU reufapmapmrSbJ ausmif;udkdjyefygawmh? ckn
'Da[mfw,frSmbJ tdyfvdkufMuygpdkU}
]armifhoabmbJ? ar armifhr,m; jzpfaeygNyD}
xdkpOftcgü rD;&xm;a[mfw,fu wa,muftdyfcef;udk w&uf 33d? ESpfa,muf tdyfcef;udk
44d? OD;MuifaqG? a':cifar&D? jynfNrdKUrSvmaom c&D;onfvifr,m;[k pm&if; oGif;&onf/
þrSpNyDawmhum;? uRefawmfwdkUonf ausmif;tm;aeUrsm;wkdUwGif a[mfw,frSmyif
aeMuawmhonf/ Mumvmawmh a[mfw,f refae*smESifh uRrf;NyDjzpfí wa,muftdyfcef;udk
bJ,lawmhonf/ wa,mufcef;ESifh ESpfa,mufcef;qdkwmu ukwifwvkH;&SdwmESifh ESpfvkH;&Sd
wmbJ jcm;em;onf/ aiG 11d usyf oufomonf/
aemufawmhxdkxuf aps;oufomaomXmeudk awGUonfum;? pywfvrf;u ae&Sif
e,fa[mfw,f? w&ufrS 11d&,f? rD;&xm;a[mfw,favmufawmh rcrf;em;bl;aygh? tdwfxJ
aiGyg;vQif ae&Sife,f? aiGrsm;vQif rD;&xm;/
tJonfwkef;u vlysKdBuD;udkausmfjrtm; arholi,fcsif;tysKdav; cifpef;nGefUESifh
qG,fay;rnf[k pdwful;rdMuao;onf/ okdU&mwGif waeUoü udkausmfjronf ,ckolUZeD;
a':oef;0if;ESifh ae&Sife,fa[mfw,frSm [dkbufcef;'Dbufcef;qkHaeMuonf/ a':oef;0if;
onf awmifBuD;aq;&kHrSm olemjyKq&mr vkyfzl;í arESifhoduRrf;aeMuonf/ olwkdU
nm;onfum; uRefawmfwdkUxuf wESpfavmuf aemufusao;\/
uRefawmfonf armifusifarmif? armifMuifaqGtjzpfESifh tcspfOD;ESifhrnm;cJU& aomfvnf;?
aomfwmaqGum; tcspfOD;ESifhnm;onf[k qdk&acsrnf/ taMumif;rl? aronf
trsKd;orD;xJrS aomfwmaqGtm; yxrOD;qkH; rdwfqufol yxrOD;qkH; &nf;pm;/
pm&nf;pm;tjzpfESifh tESpfESpftvvu pdwfxJ cJxm;Muonfhtwdkif; onfvdk
jzpfvmvdrfhrnfrxifbJESifh? vlcsif;awGUMu&avawmh rD;ukef,rf;ukef cspfMuaví
uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf MunfEl;rIu vGJNyD; tjcm;bmrQ rpOf;pm;Muawmhacs/ onfawmh
ywf0ef;usifu pum;ajymvm\/
arwdkUawmifBuD;NrdKUrS q&mtwwfoifausmif;odkU vmcJUMuonfrSm cifpef;nGefU tjyif
tjcm;ESpfa,mufu &Sdao;\/ þESpfa,mufu arhbufawmfom;r[kwf/ aronf pae?
we*FaEGaeUwdkif; uRefawmfESifhtjyifvdkufoGm;NyD; nOfhtdyfnOfhae rjyefbJ aeonfudk
olwdkUESpfa,mufxHrS awmifBuD;NrdKU oufqdkifolrsm;xHodkU owif;a&mufoGm;avaom
aMumifh arESifhuRefawmfhudpörSm a&SUwdk;rvm;? aemufqkwfrvm;qdkonfh jyóemESifh&ifqdkif
&avawmhonf/ tu,fíom uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,mufonf tavQmhay;vdkufMuvQif
um;? woufvkH; tvGrf;taqG;orm;awG jzpfMuacsawmhrnf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufpvkH;u tm,kvrf;aMumif;ESifhOmPvrf;aMumif;
rqufMuaom vu©Pmjywf ZGwform;rsm;jzpfMuí jyKrdonfhudpöudk aemufrqkwf?
a&SUodkUom wkd;Murnf[k qkH;jzwfcsuf csMuum 1954-ckEdk0ifbmv 16-&ufaeUü aronf
ausmif;rS tNyD;xGufcJUum uRefawmfhaemufodkU vdkufcJUavawmh\/ udkausmfjr\
[DvJrJif;um;BuD;ESifhyif/
uRefawmfonf arhtm;jynfvrf; at0rf;NcHteD; 'g&dkufwmOD;b&SiftdrfodkU ac:oGm; onf/
þowif;onf uRefawmfha,mu©rem; aygufoGm;avawmh olwkdUyGufavm&dkuf
Muavonf/ olwkdUbufuvnf; rmeBuD;ygayonf/ olUorD;tm; ]udk,fhrpkHrufvdkU
ypfoGm;wmrsm; 'if;udk *&kpdkufraeygeJU? oleJU arG;oGm;wJU cav;awG twGufom pm;p&dwf
&atmif awmif;a[h}
olwkdUtvdk&Sdonfum;? cav;wa,muf 50d-EIef; 5-a,mufwGuf wv 250-&vQif
NyD;a&m/
þae&mü &Ir0OD;ausmfESifh wifhw,fudkaus;Zl;wif&onf/ olwkdUESpfa,mufonf
uRefawmfha,mu©ra&SUarSmuf vdkufvmMuum OD;ausmfonf aomfwmaqGqDu wv 250d-
udk olwm0efcygonf[k uwday;ojzifh a,mu©rBuD; ausat;oGm;av\/ [dkwkef; u
uRefawmfhqDu xrif;vcaiG 200d-udk tvDvDtvmvm qlqlylylESifh &ae&mvpOf
OD;ausmfqDu rSefrSefxkwf,l&kHbJaygh/
OD;ausmfuvnf; vpOfr*¾Zif; 0w¬Kwyk'f 300d-tjyif &Ir0rSm t[du@xnfhí
uRefawmfhtm; r*¾Zif; 16-rsufESm (pmESpfazmif)twGuf pmrlrsm; wm0efcH&onfhtwGuf
300d- aygif; 600d uRefawmfhudkay;ojzifh uRefawmfhb0vrf;opfonf tqifajyí
oGm;ayawmh\/
arESifh uRefawmf&NyD;aemuf uRefawmfhb0onf udk,fhqE´tvdkjynfhNyDjzpfoGm;í
uRefawmf,cifuxuf pmawGudk a&;Edkifonf/ &Ir0omru jr0wDESifh aoG;aomufodkU
vnf; a&;ay;Edkifonf/ aruvnf; t*Fvdyf0w¬KawG tvGefzwfoljzpfí uRefawmfhtm;
Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk ajymjyygonf/ tcsKdU0w¬kKrsm;rSm oludk,fwdkifa&;í uRefawmfu tenf;
i,f jyifay;&kHjzifh aomfwmaqG 0w¬KawG wdk;vmcJUonf/ uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;wGif &Srf;jynf
taMumif;t&mygvmvQif arhtultnDyif/ t>rufrQazmfjy&aomf pmayqk&aom 0w¬Kwdk
rsm;xJrS wmwD;ESifhrJwl? arwåmr@dKif? Od;pdE´mESifh olaX;r? 0w¬KawGrSm olwkdUtdrfaxmifu
udk,fawGUrsm;udk ara&;aom 0w¬Krsm;jzpfygonf/ aronf pma&;vnf;aumif;í oludk,f
wdkif pma&;q&mjzpfvdku jzpfEdkifonf[k uRefawmfajym&Jygonf/ odkUaomf arhrSm 'Dvdkjzpf
csifpdwfur&Sd? uRefawmfhudkulnD&vQif ola&;ay;wmudk uRefawmfBudKufESpfoufvQifbJ
olauseyfygNyDwJU/
xdkUjyif aronf oDcsif;qdka&m toHa&maumif;í olUtaMumif;odaom rdwfaqG "mwfjym;
ukrÜPDwcku oDcsif;oGif;&ef ac:onfudk uRefawmfuwdkufwGef;ygvsuf (olwdkUa&;wJU
oDcsif;awG usufvm;...wdkufvm;...&Iyf&Iyf&Suf&SufawG rvkyfcsifygbl;)[k jiif;qdkcJU\/
olqdkvdkaom oDcsif;udk qdkcsifaomtcgrS qdkcsifoljzpf\/ aronfjrefrm oDcsif;omru
wBudrfaomtcgü trBuD;cifrsKd;cspf? OD;cifarmifvwf? OD;cifaZmf? (k) a':oef;ESpfwdkU
vifr,m;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUpkHwGJ *smrefoHtrwfBuD;\tdrf {nfhcHyGJodkUoGm; Mu&m tqdkawmf
udktHUBuD;wdkUarmifESHvnf; a&mufaeí udktHUBuD;uxkH;pHtwdkif; olUtaumf'D,HESifh
{nfhcHae\/ xdkrSudktHUBuD;ESifh aru pumpyfrdí t*FvdyfoDcsif;wyk'f? *smrefoDcsif;wyk'f?
*syefoDcsif;wyk'fudk olwkdUESpfa,mufpvkH;&wmESifh wdkufqdkifaeav&m? aru qdk
udktHUBuD;u wD;av&mvlrsKd;jcm;rsm; tHUMopGm Mobmay;jcif;udkcHcJU&ygonf/
aronf c&pf,efjzpzfí i,fpOfuyif olwkdUbk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;rSm "r®oDcsif;rsm;udk
oDqdkcJU&oljzpf\/ uav;b0uwnf;u ausmif;jyZmwfrsm;wGif tqdkawmfjzpfcJUonf/
uRefawmfwkdUtdk;opf tdrfopf
xdkpOfu OD;b&SiftdrfrSm at0rf;NcHESifhuyfvsuf? ,ckjynfolydkifodrf;xm;aom yifvkH
a':Ek,Of\ txnfpuf&kHBuD; rwnfaqmufrDu tvGefus,f0ef;aom NcHBuD;xJrSmqif;&J
om; wJukyfrsm;tkyfpkwGif jzpf\/
OD;b&Sifu 'g&dkufwmyDyD &kyf&SifqufwifvkyfonfhES,f olUtdrfaqmufykHu qef;\/
[dka&S;,cif t*Fvdyfacwf wdkuftdrfBuD;wvkH;udk tv,fu AkH;'g&dkuf[pfusvdkuf awmh?
eHab;ESpfzufwdkuf0&Hwm ESpfckom &Sdawmh\/ þ0&Hwm ESpfckuay 30-rQ uGmav &m
tv,fu qifhxdk;? Murf;cif;NyD; trdk;tum vkyfxm;ojzifh ajc&if;buf wdkuf0&Hwmu
avSum;wufESifh rD;zdkacsmif acgif;&if;buf wdkuf0&Hwmu oD;oefUtcef;wck? þtcef;udk
uRefawmfwkdUay;xm;ojzifh ntcsdefrSm eHab;ywf0ef;usifudk qufoG,fí rMunfhbl;qdk
vQifjzifh uRefawmfwkdUwdkufay:rSm ae&wJUtwdkif;ygbJcifAsm/ odkUaomf rdk;onfu"ed?
umonfu 0g;x&H/ wdkuf0&Hwm vomaqmifuav;uawmh ususee/
,if;tdrfonf jynfvrf;rBuD;ESifh wac:avmufa0;\/ xdkvrf;udkvnf; ausmcdkif;
aqmifxm;\/ þtdrf\ ta&SUbufwGifrl vlUvufckyfwazmufavmufedrfhaom
atmufcsKdifh0Srf;BuD;/ OD;b&Sifuawmf a':usif\ yef;pdkufaom tcif;jzpfí ywf0ef;usif
rSm 0g;&kHawG csKHykwfawGvnf;&Sd\/ þcsKHykwfawG 0g;&kHawGxJrSm a&MuufESifh
bkwfiSufrsm;&Sd í rdk;at;vQif a&MuufawGu jrL;wl;atmfjrnf\/ aeylvQifbkwfutD\/
xdkatmufcsKdifhxJu opfyifwkdUudk uRefawmfwkdUtdrftay:rS pD;NyD;jrifae&í eHeuf
aexGufvmonfudk Munfh&aomf? xl;qef;aom jrifuGif;wrsKd;ESifhvS\/ ESif;rIefrIefuav;
rsm; usaevQif MunfEl;bG,faumif;vSonf/
þa*[mrSm ESpfvrQaeNyD;aomtcg0,f uRefawmfwkdUonf udk,fydkiftdk;tdrf
xlaxmifoifhNyD[k qkH;jzwfcsuf csMu\/ xdkUaMumifh tdrf&SmMuav&m at0rf;NcHwGiftvkyf
qif;aom &Gmwef;&Snfom;rsm;ESifh pum;pyfrdí olwkdU&GmrSm tdrfvGwfiSm;zdk&SdaMumif; Mum;
od&\/ xdktcg OD;b&Sifuawmfu ]'D&Gmom;awG p&dkufMurf;w,f? arwkdU aevdkUjzpfygh
rvm;}qdkí uRefawmfu b,fvdkp&dkufMurf;oenf; pkHprf;Munfhawmh....
]Muuform;? t&uform;? zJorm;awGrsm;w,f}
[m;...[m;...OD;b&Sifuawmf rodíom/ 'grsKd;u uRefawmfhtBudKuf uRefawmfh
p&dkufawGubJ/
uRefawmfxdk&Gmav;odkU vdkufNyD;Munhfvdkufonf/ BudKufNyD/ okH;yiftdrf ajcwH&Snf
jrifhjrifhuav;/ &ifacgif;avmuftqifhESifh rD;zdkaqmiftwGJESifh tdrfatmufrSm MuufbJvJ
arG;jrLEdkifonf/ NcH0if;uvJ us,fygbdonf/ aemufaz;bufrSmqdk wajrSmfwac:BuD;?
opfyif O,smOfawGuvnf; aumif;vS\/
þtdrfuav;u wvrS 30d? pabmfvJray;&/ wufaevdkufawmh wvwGuf 30d-
bJay;&\/
1955-ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvqef; 1 &ufwGif þ&Gmwef;&Snf&GmodkU uRefawmfwkdU
a&mufcJUMuavonf/ uRefawmfwkdU tdk;opftdrfopf pavNyD/
arESifh uRefawmfnm;awmh olutouf 20? uRefawmfu 35ESpf/ uRefawmf,cif r,m;ESifh
12 ESpfaygif;cJUí om;orD; 5a,muf&cJUonf/ odkU&mwGif..

vifr,m;nm;jcif;ESifh tdrfaxmifusjcif;
]vif&wdkif; tdrfaxmifrusbl;? r,m;&wdkif; tdrfaxmifrusbl;? vifr,m; nm;wmeJU
tdrfaxmifuswm wjcm;pDbJuG aomfwmaqG? rif;tckcav; av;ig;a,muf &ayr,fh
tdrfaxmifrusao;bl;}
þum; trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfu uRefawmfhtm; ajymcJUaom pum;jzpfygonf/ trBuD; onf
uRefawmfhtaMumif;udk a&a&vnfvnfodonf/ uRefawmfuvnf; olUudktm;vkH;
ajymjyavh&Sdonf/ uRefawmfh&nf;pm;awG? "mwfykHawG oltukefod/
wjcm;trsKd;orD;qdkvQif ]om;r,m;&Sdvsufom;ESifh 'Davmufujrif;ausm xaewJU
taumif}[k qdkayvdrfhrnf/ odkUaomf trBuD;um; uRefawmfhtm; tjypfrqdkbJ ]aomfwm
aqG? rif;[m om;r,m;&ayr,fh tdrfaxmifrusao;vdkU 'DvdkpdwfawG&Sdaewmyg}[kajym
awmh.... uRefawmfhpdwf0,f 'DtrBuD;[m ighudkcifwmeJU? ighbufu yif;NyD;ajymwmyg}[k
atmufarhcJUygonf/
a[m...,ckawmhrS olUpum; rSefuefaMumif; udk,fawGUod&avNyD/ [dk,cif
tdrfaxmifeJUaepOfu uRefawmfonf tdrfudk enf;enf;rScifrifpdwfr&Sd/ eHeufrdk;aomufqdk
uwnf;u tdrfay:u qif;ajy;? waeUvkH; a&mufcsif&ma&muf? aomufcsif&maomuf?
pm;csif&mpm;/
a,mu©raMumifhwJUvm;/ rif;wkdUtdrfcJGrMunfhbl;vm;/
'gaMumifhuRefawmfonf *syefacwf jrif;vSnf;orm;b0rSm wcg? pma&;q&mjzpfrS
wBudrf? udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrfcGJaecJUbl;ygonf/ aemfrmonf xrif;[if;rcsufwwf/ aps;em
r0,fwwf/ tdrfaxmifrIbmrQrjyKwwf/ *syefacwfwkef;u reufjrif;vSnf;rxGufrD
uRefawmfu aps;0,fay;cJUí uRefawmfhjrif;vSnf; '&dkifbmudkjrwfom rdef;rroif;u
csuf&ygonf/
'Dbufacwfa&muf? uRefawmf pma&;q&mb0rSm tdk;tdrfcJGMunfhawmh csKdifhESifhydkU aom
xrif;vc ay;pm;&ygonf/
vifr,m;rqdkxm;bd? taygif;toif; oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGaomfrS tay;t,lwuf nDrS
aygif;oif;í jzpfay&m? aemfrmESifh uRefawmfum; tdrfaxmifom,mrIudk b,fvdkrQ
r&cJUay/ aemufqkH;awmh uRefawmfolUtm; ZGwfcGJ&aomtajcodkU a&mufcJUavNyD/ aemfrm
tm; uRefawmfoem;onfrSwyg; tjcm;rwwfEdkifawmhNyD/ udk,fhom,maomb0? udk,f&
atmif &kef;xGufcJU&onf/ uRefawmfhtm; tjypfqdkcsifvnf; qdkEdkifMuygonf/
arESifhuRefawmfnm;NyD;awmhum; uRefawmfudk,fhtdrfrSm udk,faysmfoGm;avNyD/
tdrfxrif;[if;uvGJNyD; tjcm;b,frSmrS rpm;csifawmh/ taMumif;rSm aronf xrif;[if;
tcsuftjyKwfvnf; aumif;\/ olwyg;tm; jyKpkauR;arG;vdkaom apwemvnf;&Sd\/
vif{nfhonfawGudkvnf; tvdkufodwwf\/
tdrfomrS{nfhvmqdkaom pum;&Sd&m? tdrfomonfqdk&mrSm wdkufESifhwmESifh NcHESifh 0if;ESifh
O,smOfyef;refESifh om,maeonfudk rqdkvdkay/ xdktdrf&Sif vifr,m;\ oifhjrwfrI
{nfhonfudk tvdkvdkufí pdwfBudKufaqmifrItay:rSm wnfayonf/
uRefawmf&Gmwef;&SnfwGifaecJUaom tdrfuav;rSm okH;yifESpfcef;? oGyfrdk; x&Hum? wdkifu
4}}._2}} opfom;uav;awG jzpfuwwfqef; aqmufxm;onfrdkU caemfeDcaemfeJU yg/
uRefawmfwkdU tdrfaxmifOD;wnfprSm {nfhcef;wGif pmyGJukvm;xdkifrQr&Sdyg/ odkU&mwGif
{nfhonfawGu uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm aysmfvS\/ pae we*FaEGrSmqdkvQif tdrfa&SUwGif
um;BuD; um;i,fawGESifh jynfhaeacsNyD/
taMumif;rSm ar\{nfh0wfjyKpkrI aumif;íyif/ uRefawmfhtaygif;toif;qdkvQif pm&Iolrsm;
odMurnfhtwdkif; taomuform;rsm;csnf;aygh/ þtaomuform;awG qE´ jynfh0atmif
arujyKpkEdkifonf/ olwkdUüygvmaom ykvif;rsm;? a&cJrsm;? pm;p&mrsm;udk rD;zdkcef;om
ydkUvdkuf? uRefawmfwkdUu tdrfa&SUrSm pwdkifESifhtusxdkifaomufzdkUyif/
aomufNyD;vQif xrif;pm;MubdkUvnf; aru tm;vkH;pDrHwwfonf/ t&uform; awG rl;NyD;
arhtm;oDcsif;qdkbdkU yGJawmif;vQifvnf; arupdwfygvufygoDqdkjyvdkufav onf/
xdkpOfu uRefawmfhtdrf vmMuaom rdwfaqGrsm;rSm 'dwf'dwfBuJydkufqHcsrf;omMuol rsm;?
&efukefNrdKUu a[mfw,fawGrSm aumif;ayh ñGefUayhqdkwmawGudk atmf'gay;í
pm;avh&SdMuolrsm;jzpf&m? þa[mfw,fpmawG nnf;aiGUojzifh arhxrif;[if;rSpm;csifonf
[k qdkvmMuonf/ uG,fvGefol rdk;ukwfolaX;udkjrarmifonf arcsufaom ig;&SOfhom;
zm;om;udk tvGefBudKufonf/
xrif;[if;csuf aumif;onfqdk&mrSm yg&rDwrsKd;bJ[k uRefawmfqdkcsifonf/ jrefrm
vlrsKd;awG csufjyKwfaMumfavSmf pm;aomufMuaom tom;ig;? i&kwf? MuufoGef? qDqm;?
ig;yd? iefjyma& twlwcsnf;bJaygh/ odkU&mwGif csufwmcsif;rSm vuf&mcsif; uGJvmonf/
Oyrmjy&aomf vufokwfpkH qdkifawG&Sd\/ xdkvufokwfypönf;wdkUrSm xrif;? rkHU[if;cg; rQif?
MumZH? acgufqGJ? tmvl;? oabFmoD;? yJyifayguf? a*:zD? yJrIefU? ykpGefajcmuf rIefU? qDcsuf?
iefjyma&? refusnf;a&? ,if;onfwdkUtwlwlbJudk tpyft[yfaumif;aom aps;onfrS
aumif;ayonf/
'DqdkifrSm rata&mif;aewmudk rdcifrtm;í orD;0ifjyifvdkufvQifyif vuf&mysuf acsonf/
wBudrfaomtcgu aps;wckwGif rkHU[if;cg;qdkifawG trsm;tjym;&Sd&mrS tvGef
vlBudKufrsm;aom qdkifwwqdkifwnf;&Sdonf/ a&mif;oluta':BuD;om;trd/ w&Hcgaomf
ta':BuD;u emrusef;jzpfí rcsufEdkifrjyKwfEdkifojzifh orD;tm;vTJvdkuf&onf/ ta':BuD;
onf wvrQom tdyf&mxJvJvdkuf&onf/ olUqdkifrSm pm;aomufolododoomom
enf;yg;oGm;avawmhonf/
,if;ü rathcsufenf;? jyKwfenf;udk orD;u aeUwdkif;Munfhaewm/ rdcifBuD;udk,f
wdkifuvnf; orD;tm; udk,fzd? &ifzd? b,f'if;b,fvdk b,favmufxnfh[k
jyocJUrnfom jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif yg&rDygaom vufpGrf;um; oifMum;í&onf
r[kwfay/ ydk;omukef armifykH apmif;rwwf acswum;/
yg&rD&Sifum; olUzmomol xl;cRefonfomjzpfacsonf/
&efukefNrdKUu a[mfw,fawGudk pkHatmif rdwfo*F[awG aus;Zl;jzifh uRefawmfwkdU
oGm;a&mufpm;aomufcJUbl;\/ aronf a[mfw,fwcku [if;wcGufudk pm;aomufzl;NyD
qdkygu onfrSm b,f[if;bmawGygonf[k rajymbJESifh odvmvsuf olcsufwwfjyKwf
avawmhonf/
wBudrfaomtcgü uRefawmfonf tif;,m;uefa[mfw,fodkU oGm;&if; taemuf
*smreDoH&kH;u puú&Daw&Da'gufwm tuf'Gif*sKH;zvufcsfESifh rdwfaqGjzpfvmcJUí olu
uRefawmfhtm; þa[mfw,frSm aeUv,fpm auR;vdkufojzifh uRefawmfu olUtm; waeU ü
aeUv,fpmpm;&ef zdwfMum;cJUonf/
]uJ..ara&...*smrifwa,mufawmh igxrif;pm;zdwfcJUNyDuGm? olwdkUOa&mywdkufom; pm
rif;csufwwf&JUvm;...}[k qdkawmh...
]Munfhaygharmif&,f...ar BudK;pm;ygr,f}[k jyefajym\/
EdkifiHjcm;om;awGpm;Edkifonfh [if;av;ig;rsKd;csufjyKwfí xm;av&m? ig;jrif;&if;udk
*sKHrkefUvl;íaMumfNyD; EGm;EdkUESifh pDrHxm;aom pGwfjyKwfudk a'gufwmtuf'GifajymírqkH;&Sdacs
onf/
aemuf wESpfavmufMumaomtcgü a'gufwmtuf'Gifonf *smreDjynfodkU acwå
jynfoGm;NyD;? tar&dueftrsKd;orD;wa,mufudk vufxyfum jyefvmcJUonf/ olwkdUZeD;
armifESHudk uRefawmfwdkUu xrif;weyf zdwfauR;aomtcg a'gufwmtuf'Gifu olUtm;
yxrOD;qkH;tBudrfauR;aom ]zpf&Sfqk}ygap&ef rSmMum;onf/
þxrif;0dkif;wGif olUZeD;*sKH;u...
]usr a,mufsm;u ajymcJUbl;ygw,f? *smreDjynfrSma&m? jyifopfrSma&m? tDwvD rSma&m?
t*FvefrSma&m? tar&durSma&m olpm;cJUbl;wJU xrif;yGJawGrSm tck&SifwkdUtdrfu
zpf&Sfqkavmuf aumif;wm rawGUbl;ao;bl;vdkUqdkygw,f....? tckusrvJ olUpum;udk
axmufcHygw,f&Sif}
urÇmudkawmfawmfESHUatmif a&mufzl;í olUudk,foltpm;aumif; BudKufvSol[k 0efcHaom
*smrefoHtrwfBuD; AGefudkifZmuvnf; þig;jrif;&if;ESifhcsufaom ar\ ]zpf&Sfqk}udk
csD;rGrf;ygonf/
þae&mü pmzwfolu ]'Davmufajymom;aumif;wJU[if;awmh pm;Munfhvdkufcsif w,f}[k
pdwful;aygufaumif; aygufayrnf/ odkU&mwGif olwkdUOa&mygy;gpyfawGom BudKufí
uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmcHwGif;awmh aumif;rnf[k wm0efrcHEdkifyg/ bmaMumihfqdk
uRefawmfudk,fwdkifuawmh rBudKufzl;As/ tJ...arcsufwJU jrefrmxrif;[if;qdk&ifjzifh cifAsm;
wkdU BudKufMurSmbJ/ uRefawmfhtdrfrSm pm;bl;wJU rdwfaqGwdkif;vdkbJ oabmawGUMuygonf/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;udk,fwdkifuvnf; ]aomfwmaqGrdef;r [if;csufaumif;w,f?
awmfawmf [if;rsKd;pkHatmifvJ csufwwfw,f}[k csD;rGrf;bl;ygonf/ q&maZmf*sDESifh q&m
rif;ok0PfwkdUvJ uRefawmftdrfrSmpm;bl;ygonf/ þxrif;yGJwGif vif;,kefeDvnf;ygcJUí
tm;vkH;pm;tNyD;ü ueef;aMumfwvkH; usefaeonfudk ]'gav;awmh uRefawmfbJ&Sif;vdkuf
awmhrnf}[k tukefwG,fypfvdkuf\/
'g&dkufwm OD;b&SiftdrfwGif uRefawmfwkdUESpfvausmfrQaeNyD;? &Gmwef;&SnfodkU
ajymif;vmcJUMuaomtcg OD;b&Sifonf arcsufwJU xrif;[if;pm;csifvdkU[k qdkNyD;
vmvnf wwfygonf/
]arhvuf&m aumif;w,fqdkwmu om;ig;csufwmawGom r[kwfzl;/ ig;yda&azsmf
wmutp xl;jcm;w,f}[k OD;b&Sifu ajymprSwfjyKygonf/
taMumif;rSm OD;b&SifwkdU tdrfaxmifESifh twlaepOfu 'DvdkygcifAsm/ rsm;aomtm; jzifh
&efukefolrsm; ig;yd&nfpm;ykHu 'DaeUbJ BudKBudK? raeUubJ BudKBudK? at;pufaewmudk
ig;yda&bJ bm*&kpdkufp&m&SdovJqdkwJU oabmeJU jyefaEG;avhr&SdMubl;? i&kwfoD;rIefUawG
bufueJZGef;eJU aumfxnfhpm;vdkufMuwmbJ? OD;b&Sifuawmf[m 'Denf;bJ&Sdwmudk?
aruawmh ig;yda&at;pufae&if a&av;enf;enf;xnfh? jyefBudKvdkufw,f? qlw,fqdk&if
ig;yda&[m atmufu te,fvJ xvmw,f? olU&eHUvJ xGufvmw,f? (ig;yda&at;puf
pufqdkvQif ig;yda& tdk;wdkUrnfonf t&dk;rsm;&Sdí arTcwfvdkUvJ rjzpfojzifh tay:u
t&nfMunfbJ&r,f) EdkUNyD; azsmf&mrSmvJ aru i&kwfoD;ajcmufrIefUawGom r[kwf? Muuf
oGefjzL? i&kwfoD;pdrf;? c&rf;csOfoD;udk rD;tkHNyD; axmif;azsmfvdkufawm hteHUt&om wrsKd;
xGufvmoaygh/
&Ir0OD;ausmfonf 1956-ckESpf aEG&moD uRefawmfwkdU awmifBuD;odkU oGm;aepOf
olwkdUom;tzrsm; vdkufvmMuí uRefawmfwkdUESifhtwl wvrQ aeoGm;bl;onf/ OD;ausmf
rSm aeUwdkif;xrif;NrdefvSí...
]aru [if;csufaumif;&kHwif r[kwfzl;? [if;pyfvJ wnfhw,fAs? EdkUNyD;? olaumfzD
azsmfwmvJ aomufaumif;w,fAs? 'DaumfzDrIefU 'DEdkUqDoMum;[mudk olazsmfwmu 'djyif
vlazsmfwmxuf ydkaumif;w,fAsm}[k csD;rGrf;vsuf b,ftcgrqdk oluRefawmftdrfa&muf
vmNyDqdkvQif tcsdefra&G; ]ara&aumfzD aumfzD}[k tdrfa&SU0ifuwnf;u atmfavh&Sd\/
trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfESifh OD;cifarmifvwfwdkUqdkvQif uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm [if;csKdifhrSmpm; wm
10-ESpfavmuf &SdcJUacsNyD/
aronf tcsuftjyKwfvnf; tvGefjref\/ rD;ESpfzdkESifh csuf&m? [if;okH;av;rsKd;udk eHeuf
9-em&Drxdk;rD NyD;\/
þae&mü pmzwfolrsm;u uRefawmfhtm; t&ifr,m;udk ESdrfvGef;NyD;? aemufr,m; udk
ajrSmufvGef;onf[k qdkcsif qdkEdkifMuygonf/ odkU&mwGif tnHUqkH;aom ZeD;ESifh tawmf
qkH;aom ZeD;udk aygif;bl;aom uRefawmfonf ESpfzuftpGef;Mum;0,f "r®"dXmefusus
a&;om;aejcif;om jzpfygonf/ rSef&muvJGNyD; rnfolUrQ emapomap[k oabmrxm;yg/
pmzwfolrsm;twGuf EIdif;,SOfcsufawGUbdkU &nf&G,fygonf/
uRefawmfonf arESifhnm;NyD;rS uRefawmfhb0ESifh uRefawmfhpdwfxm;u vkH;vkH;BuD;
ajymif;vJoGm;ygNyD/ ,cifu pm&nf;pm;awGrsm;pGm xm;cJUí rdrdukd,frdrd 0goemqdk;&w,f?
jrmayGwJUaumif[k xifcJUaom uRefawmfonf arESifh&NyD;rS pm&nf;pm;awGtm;vkH;udk
jzwfypfvdkufawmhonf/ uRefawmfESifh arnm;NyD[lívnf; 0w¬Krsm;xJwGif aMumfjimvdkuf
onf/
rEÅav;NrdKUwGif ]apmifh&ufawGudk;q,fajyawmifrS? awGU&atmif olrzefbl;?
wrl[efpdwfawmf ajymif;w,fxifh? vSrsufcs,f EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f? acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f}
[k uRefawmf uAsma&;cJUaom uav;rqDu uRefawmf &efukefjyefa&mufawmh (olb,f
vdk tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh uRefawmfeJU rawGUEdkifwJUtaMumif;? ,if;udk tm;ravQmhao;bJ
ajrSmfvifhcsufxm;NyD; olUtwGuf 0w¬Krsm;xJwGif acsmhjrLygOD;) qdkonfh pmwapmif
a&mufvmygao;\/
odkUaomf olUqE´um; rjynfhawmhNyD/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfonf arESifhnm;NyD;um rS
[dk,cifwkef;uvdk pmzwfolrsm;tzkdU [mo? cspfolrsm;twGuf acsmhjrLaom 0w¬Krsm;udk
uRefawmfra&;awmhNyD/ a&;&ef pdwfr&SdawmhNyD/ &dk;&dk;[moESifh b0o&kyfazmf0w¬Krsm;buf
odkU ajymif;cJUygonf/ ,if;wkdUonf uRefawmfhpdwfudk uRefawmfajymif;cdkif;&onf r[kwf/
olUtvdktavsmuf ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfay&m? ,cktcsdefü b0o&kyfazmf0w¬Krsm;om
a&;aeí [dkwkef;uvdk [mo0w¬KawG a&;ygOD;qdkaomf uRefawmfra&;EdkifawmhygNyD/ ,cif
u ta&;tom;tcsKdUudk udk,fh[mudk,fjyefMunfhí &Sufrdonfrsm;vnf; awGU&yg\/
atmf..i,fpdwfESifh BuD;pdwfrwlbJudk/
,ck udk,fhtw¬KyÜwåd ]uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif;}wGif olUae&mESifhol tcsdeft&G,f
tavsmuf cspfcef;BudKufcef;rsm;vnf; a&;om;NyD;cJUNyD/ tcsKdUae&mü uav;uvufEdkif
onf[k ajymoHrsm; Mum;&ygonf/ rwwfEdkifNyD/ uRefawmfa&;aepOfü udk,fhtm&kHcHpm;rd
onfhtwdkif; a&;vdkufjcif;omjzpfygonf/ ,cka&SUqufíum; tdrfaxmifa&; vlrIa&;ESifh
om;ajr;rsm;taMumif;odkU a&muf&ygawmhrnf/
þae&mü tydkif;cJGvdkygonf/ aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;rSm 17-va&;cJUí yk*HrSxkwfaom
]uRefawmfhb0 ZmwfaMumif;}pmtkyfudk yxrydkif;? ,ck &Ir0ü a&;om;NyD;cJUonfudk 'kwd,
ydkif;? a&SUqufa&;rnfudk wwd,ydkif;[k qdkygrnf/
yxrydkif;ESifh 'kwd,ydkif; a&;[efjcif;rwlcJUyg/ okawoDwdkU wyfvdkaom trnfudk
wyfygawmh/ uRefawmfum; taMumif;t&mtvdkuf udk,fhpdwftm&kHrSm cHpm;rdonfhtwdkif;
om a&;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ,ck wwd,ydkif;u b,fenf;b,fykHvmrnf? udk,fh[mudk,fyif
rodao;yg/
wwd,ydkif;
tcPf; (1)
0goem
vlwkdUwGif txdkuftavsmufawmh 0goem&Sdwwfay&m? olU0goemu aumif;onf jzpfap?
qdk;onfjzpfap? tusKd;tjypfu wjcm;? ol0goemyg&mudk oljyKrl&vQif olaysmf onfom
jzpfacs\/
0goem qdkonfrSmvnf; taMumif;rJUjzpfay:vmonfr[kwf/ rsKd;&dk;ESifh a'oywf
0ef;usifudk vdkufao;onf/ uRefawmfrSm aus;&GmwGif arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;cJU&NyD;? uRefawmfhrdb
rsm; ESpfzufrsKd;&dk;rS uRefawmfi,fpOfu eD;pyfcJU&olawG Munfhvdkufawmh zatbufu
Muuform;awG? ratbufu t&uform;awG jzpfaeyg\/ odkU&mwGif 'Drdbu arG;wdkif;
t&uform;? Muuform; jzpfua&mvm;qdkawmh 'DvdkvJ r[kwfao;acs/ uRefawmfwkdU
arG;csif;rsm;ü om;a,mufsm;av; ESpfa,muf&Sdonfhteuf uRefawmfhnDrSmrl MuufudkvkH;0
em;rvnfbJ t&ufudkyif wcgw&H taygif;toif;ESifh tqifoifhygrS tenf;tusOf;rQ
aomufwwfí uRefawmfrSmomvQif Muufa&m? t&ufa&m ESpfzuftarGudk tjynfht0
cH,lol jzpfaeyg\/
uRefawmfhOD;BuD; (uRefawmfhrdcif\tudk)onf &GmwGif,pfxkyfBuD;[k emrnf&vsuf
olUt&ufolcsuf? olUxef;yifolwufí aomufav&m uRefawmfrSm 10-ESpfom;ausmf
xef;yifay: wufEdkifuwnf;u OD;BuD; olUudk,folro,fEdkifaom rl;aomtcgrsm;ü
uRefawmfu xef;pvSD;jcif;? xef;a&csjcif;rsm;udk jyKcJU&ygonf/ xdkrS 14-5ESpfom; t&G,f
a&mufaomtcgü udk,fh[mudk,f xef;wyif oD;oefUwufí aomufygawmhonf/
wyifus wpa&qdkwmu 'DvdkrSbJ aomuf&w,fAs/
tJ'gu tarhbufutarG/ 'Dawmhtazh&JU nDtudkawmfrsm;uvJ 'Dwlav; cspfMu
avawmh olwkdUMuuf0dkif;&Sd&if uRefawmfhac:NyD; Muufudkifenf;vJ oifjyw,f/ olwkdUwkduf
MuufrsKd;aumif;awGvJ ay;arG;apw,fAs/ tJonfuwnf;u Muufwdkufwmudk uRefawmf
pGJcJUwm/ atmifr,fav; Muuf0dkif;rsm;&Sdr,fqdk&if &nf;pm;eJUcsdef;xm;wmawmif zsufypf
vdkufw,fAs/ bmaMumifhvJqdk&if 'D&nf;pm;u 'DaeUrawGU&vJ aemufaeUawG trsm;BuD;
&Sdao;wmbJ/ 'DMuufESpfaumifuawmh 'DwyGJbJ olwkdUcsif; cGyfwmjrif&r,f/
tJ'D[m uRefawmf t&uform;eJU Muuform; jzpfJcJUykHygbJcifAsm/ aqGrsKd; OD;BuD;
OD;av;awGvJ tjypfwifp&mrvdkygbl;/ 'DaumifADZudku ygvmvdkU qdk&r,faygh/
xdkUaMumifh t&uform; Muuform; uRefawmfonf OD;b&Sifuawmf ajymaom Muuform;
t&uform; zJorm;awGESifh p&dkufMurf;onf[k qdkonfh &Gmwef;&SnfodkU
a&mufoGm;aomtcg uGrf;oD;BudKUfawmifilydkU jzpfoGm;avownf;/
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfiSm;vdkufaom tdrfuav;rSm NcH0if;us,fus,fESifh ajcwH&Snf
jrifhjrifhuav;rdkU tdrfatmufrSm um&HNyD; NcHcwfum Muufrsm;? bJrsm;arG;awmh av\/
onfae&mrSm vifr,m;oabmxm;csif; pum;ajymavNyD/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh NrdKUol
Ak'¨bmom trsKd;orD;rsm;onf Muufom;? bJom;? bJOrsm;udk 0uf0ufuGJatmif pm;Mu
aomfvnf;? tdrfü MuufbJarG;jrLjcif;udkrl rESpfouf rvdkvm;/ olrsm; tdrfuarG;onfudk
yif pufqkyf[ef jywwfMuonf/ arum; þrdef;rpm;rsKdk;r[kwf/ olwkdUrdbrsm;onf
c&pf,ef bmom0ifrsm;jzpfí olwkdUtdrfrSm Muuf? bJ? acG;? aMumifavmufrQru
awmwd&pämef usm;? arsmuf ponfwkdUyg arG;jrLbl;í (aruRefawmfhudka&;ay;onfh
]wmwD;ESifhrJwl}0w¬KrSm olUtaz\ usm;ESifharsmuf taMumif;jzpfygonf/) aronf
wd&pämefudk cspfwwfol jzpfav&m? uRefawmfMuufbJrsm; arG;jrLaomtcgü ol0rf;omtm;
&jzpfvsuf ESpfoufvdkvm;pGm tpmrSefrSef auR;onf/ emrnfawGyif ay;vdkufao;onf/
uRefawmf yxrOD;qkH; 0,fvmaom MuufrESpfaumifudk rdprf;wJU r*sL;wJU cifAsm/ r*sL;
qdkwmu olUtr cifxm;&D\ tdrfom;csif; ac:onfhtrnf/ rdprf;u uefbJU q&m
twwfoifausmif;rSm olcJGcGmcJU&onfh cifpef;nGefUayghcifAsm/ olonf þausmif;rSm&SdpOf
uRefawmfwkdUtdrfodkU rMumcP vmwwfygonf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu ]ausmif;urdprf;
vmwkef;udktdrfu rdprf;csufauR;&atmifuGm}[k aemufygonf/ 'Dawmh&Srf;ru olUudk
wu,fcsufauR;rnfbJ atmufarhovm;rod ]atmifr,fav;...udkaqG&,f..? emrnfwl
csif; rsm;awmh rpm;ao;bl;}wJU/ aru olUtm; cspfcifaom txdrf;trSwfjzifh olUemrnf
,lrSnfhxm;onfh Muufudk rpm;&ufygbl;[k qdkvdkaMumif; uRefawmfem;vnfygonf/
aronf uRefawmfMuufwdkufwmudkvnf; ruefUuGuf? vl\0goemqdkonfudk
olem;vnfonf/ t&ufaomufwmum; arhtzdkUtqef;r[kwf? olUtazonf t&uf
orm;jzpfcJUí t&uform;\ p&dkufESifh tBudKufudkod&Sdum uRefawmfaomufrnfhtcsdefrSm
ykvif;zefcGufESifh jrnf;p&mtoifh/
uRefawmft&uf aomufpOfu (,ck pma&;csdefrSm jzwfxm;wmMumNyD/) tdrfrSm
t&ufrjywf &Sdap&atmif ol0,fxm;onf/ olUqE´u aomufjcif;aomuf tdrfrSmaomuf
rl;jcif;rl; tdrfrSmrl;? taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;vnf; tdrfudkac:cJUyg? uRefawmfhtdrfrSm
t&uform; jrnf;p&mvdkvQif csufcsif;aMumfí&aom a<urkefU? ig;rkefU? ajryJ? ig;pnf
azmif;? 0uftlacsmif;wkdU tNrJ&Sdonf/ oef;acgifausmfvmaom {nfhonfvnf; {nfh0wf
rysuf&yg/ xrif;[if; pm;csifao;oavm? uRefawmfhtdrfrSm MuufESifh bJESifh ,if;um;
uRefawmfydkí a&;aeonfr[kwf/ oef;acgifausmfrS vmavh&Sdaom txl;{nfhonf
uRefawmfwdkUrSm&Sdonf/ r,kHar;yg/ olum;aygif;wnfNrdKUrS ocifjrodef;/ vmygvdrfhrnf/
taygif;toif;awG vlrsKd;pkHeJU/ oef;acgiftdrfa&SUrS um;[Gef;oH wwDwDMum;&vQifjzifh ]uJ
ara&...x? udkjrodef;vmNyDa[h}
aronf rjiLplcJUay/
xdkUaMumifh t&uform;oli,fcsif;awG arhudkcifrifMuonf/
'Dae&mrSm um;ESifhbmESifh vmEdkifaomvlwef;pm;? aiGaMu;csrf;omwJU rdwfaqGawG rdkU
rif;rdef;ru *&kpdkufwmyg[k atmufarhcJUaomf pm&Iolrsm; rSm;ayvdrfhrnf/
wBudrfaomtcg uRefawmftdrfrSm r&Sdcdkuf uRefawmfwkdU&GmrS ausmrJGqif;&Jom; tppf
(]tvGeftvkyfrsm;ol}0w¬KZmwfaumifxm;í uRefawmfa&;cJUol) udkarmifcdka&muf vmonf/
uRefawmfnarSmifrS tdrfjyefa&mufawmh udkarmifcdk pm;yGJrSm xdkifum t&uf ykvif;ESifh
tjrnf;ESifh usepGm{nfh0wfjyKxm;onf/
]'DrSm armifa&...udkarmifcdk&,f xrif;qm&if pm;ESifhygqdkwm armifvmrSpm;r,fqdk NyD;
apmifhaew,f}[kqD;ajym\/
tdrfrSm 3-4&uf aeoGm;aom udkarmifcdku aemufawmh uRefawmfhudkajymjy\/
]ighvcGD;wJU NrdKUolawGxJrSm rif;rdef;rrsKd;awmh awGUbl;ao;ygbl;uGm}wJU/
udkarmifcdkonf uRefawmf\Zmwd&GmwGif uRefawmfESifh aomufazmfpm;bufjzpf aMumif;
aru odNyD;om;bJ/
pifppfaronf uRefawmf\ taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;udk qif;&Jcsrf;omrcGJay/
EGrf;yg;olrsm;udk tm;emrSm? tm;i,frSmpdk;í ydkíyif *&kpdkufao;\/
uJ...uRefawmf\0goemvnf; &Sdao;onf/ olU0goemum; acG;rsm; aMumifrsm;udk
cspfwwfí olUteD;wGif acG;aMumifr&SdvQif raewwf/
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwkdU &Gmwef;&Snf&GmrSm tdk;tdrfxlaxmifMuawmh
uRefawmf\0goemjzpfaom MuufbJwkdUum; tvum;r&/ aps;rS0,f,lum pwifarG;jrL
&onf/ arh0goemacG;aMumifwkdUum; t&if;wjym;rQ rukef&ay/ umwGef;0if;armifonf
acG;uav;waumif vrf;rSaumufvmí uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm ]&efBuD;atmif}jzpfvmykHudk
þ&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSmbJ uRefawmfa&;om;NyD;cJUygNyD/ aMumifum; uRefawmfwkdU þtdrfa&muf
NyD; rMumrD aMumiftxD;av;waumif (4-5vom;rQ) tvdktavsmuf aygufvmvsuf
rjyefawmhay/ xdkUaemuf 'DaMumifuav;ubJ olt&G,fa&mufawmh tjcm;uaMumifysKd
rav;waumif ac:vmNyD;? tdrfrSm aygufzGm;vdkufwm ,ckwdkif þrsKd;qufrjywfawmhay/
'DacG;awG aMumifawGtaMumif;vJ uRefawmf0w¬Krsm;a&;cJUygNyD/ anmif&moD? &efBuD;
atmif? tEkESifhtMurf;? a'gopdwf\ wzufpGef;ü 0w¬Krsm;jzpfyg\/
aronf aMumifawG acG;awGudk tvGefcspfwwfvsuf acG;awGudk &ufrSefrSefa&csKd;
oef;csay;\/ olUaMumifrsm;udk,fwGifvnf; oef;r&Sdap&/ aMumifawGoef;&Smay;&wmyif
olUtvkyfBuD;wck/ wcgw&Hü tdrfrSmaMumifawG ESpfq,ftpdwfrQ &Sdaeonfudkyif
olrnfrQ wd&pämefawGESifh ywfoufí pdwf&Snfygoenf;/ odEdkifygonf/
olUacG;ESifhaMumifawGuvnf; oefU&Sif;rSjzpfayrnf/ oltdrfay:rSm vnf;aumif;?
tdrfatmuf uGyfyspfrSmvnf;aumif;? wkH;vkH;vSJpmzwfaeaom tcgrsm;ü olUacG;awG
aMumifawGu olUudk,fay:rSm ar;wifvufwif&SdaeMuonf/ ol\acG;ESifhaMumifrsm;u
vnf; oifhjrwfMuyg\/ acG;&ifcGifxJrSm aMumifu 0iftdyf? acG;Adkufay: wufxdkifwJU
aMumifu xdkifvdkxdkif/
tdrfrSm aMumifaq;? acG;aq;awG uvnf; ([dk,cifvdkcsiforQ 0,f&wkef;u) toifh/
olUacG;awG aMumifawGrsm; wpkHwck temw&jzpfvmvQif r&GHUwwfr&Smwwf/
pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf jyKpkvdkufwmav/ 'gaMumifh olUacG;awGaMumifawGuvJ olUudkw,fNyD;
cspfMuw,fcifAs/ acG;awGomrubl;/ aMumifawGuvnf; emrnf toD;oD;ESifh/ ac:vQif
emrnf&Sifu ]ajrmif} ]ajrmif}ESifh jyefxl;wwf\/ acG;[m 'Dvdkrxl;wwfzl;/ vm&kHbJ
vmwwfonf/
aronf tdrfrvnfwwf/ tdrfrIudpöt00NyD;í tm;vsif olUacG;awGaMumifawG
oef;&Smay;aernf/ EdkUNyD; 'DaumifawGESifhtwl acGumpmzwfrnf/ jrefrmjynfxkwfpmtkyf
rsm;omru? t*Fvdyfpmayrsm;udkvnf; zwfojzifh olzwforQpmtkyfawGom 0,f&rnfqdk
ygu aiGaMu;enf;rnf r[kwf/ EdkUNyD; tdrfrSmvnf; xm;p&mae&m cufa&mhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh
NrdKUxJrSm t*FvdyfpmtkyfiSm;qdkifrsm;wGif yxrom 10-tkyfzdk;avmuf aiGoGif;xm;NyD;?
aemuf'DpmtkyfawG jyefay;aemufxyftopf,l? wtkyfwrwfom iSm;cay;&awmh\/
olonf ynm&Sdrsm;vdk pmtkyfra&G;/ awGUorQ tukefzwfonf/ pmtkyf0,fvQifw&uf?
BuD;vQifav;ig;ajcmuf&uf/ ]pmudk0g;pm;ypfovm;xif&onf}[k qdkEdkifavmufatmif
zwf\/ NyD;awmh uRefawmfhtm; ajymjyoifhonfh 0w¬Krsm;udk ajymjy\/
xdktcg uRefawmfu ][m..'gArmvdka&;vdkU &w,fuG? 'D[mjzifh rif;u yxr
tMurf;a&;uGm...aemufNyD;rS igu tacsmudkifr,f....}
,if;odkUjzifh aomfwmaqGESifh ar zufpyfxGufvmaom 0w¬Krsm;vnf; &SdcJUyg\/
tdrfaxmifa&;onf xDxdk;&onfESifh wlonf[k qdkpum;&Sd&m? uRefawmfonf
þZeD;ESifhusrS tdrfaxmifa&;xDaygufonf[k qdkygrnfwnf;/
tcPf; (2)
[ef;eD;rl;
uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m; nm;NyD;rS yxrOD;qkH; c&D;xGufjcif;um;.......
udkav;wkdUarmif;ruefqD/
'Dc&D;oGm;bdkU qwfaqmholu wifhw,f/
]a[h rif;wkdUvifr,m; [ef;eD;rl; xGufygvm;uG}
uRefawmfwdkU OD;b&SiftdrfrSajymif;cJUum &Gmwef;&SnfodkU a&mufaeNyDjzpfí.....
][m...vifr,m; nm;Nyd;pudk,fhtdrfudk,f ESpfa,mufxJaewm taumif;qkH;ygAsm? b,frS
roGm;csifygbl;..? cifAsm;wdkUu bmpdwful;rsm; &vmvdkUvJ}
'dkU 'DoBuFefrSm armif;ruef oGm;r,fvdkUuG? rif;wkdUvdkufygvm;....
jrefrmjynfrSm emrnfBuD;vSaom armif;ruefqdkawmh uRefawmfra&mufzl;ao;í..
]tif;...aumif;awmhaumif;om;bJ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkUrSmu c&D;oGm;avmuf atmif
aiGaMu;r&Sdbl;As}
{NyDvjzpfí uRefawmfwkdU OD;b&SiftdrfrS ajymif;cJUum tdk;opftdrfopf wnfaxmif onfu
ESpfvrQ &Sdao;onf/ tdk;cGufyef;uefrsm; 0,f&onf/ zsmrsm;? oifjzL;rsm; 0,f&yg onf/
tdrfaxmify&dabm* r0,fEdkifao;/ pma&;bdkUpm;yGJukvm;xdkifrSm &Ir0wGif xm;onfh
wifhw,f\ta[mif;udk pGefUBuJayí? þpmyGJukvm;xdkifum; trSwfw&yif/ ,ck
þpma&;aeonfrSmvnf; 'DpmyGJukvm;xdkifygbJ/ olUpmyGJonf rlvutwdkif;yif
tHqGJESpfck&SdonfteufrS vuf0JbuftHqGJonf rdk;&moDrSm zGifh&ydwf& tvGefcuf\/
ukvm;xdkifum; rlvBudrftcif; aygufoGm;ojzifh okH;xyfom;tpm;cif;xm;&\/ ck'DokH;
xyfom;u tvTmuGmaví tptezGmojzifh ul&SifcHxdkif&ygonf/
uRefawmfESifharnm;&onfrSm bmrQBudKwif jyifqifrIr&Sd/ xdkaeUNrdKUxJrSm csdef;awGU MuNyD;
(armifa&U....ausmif;rSmaevdkUrjzpfawmhbl;? eufzefvmac:awmh) qdkaomtcg uRefawmfhrSm
tojymjywfjyefNyDudk odojzifharu wusyfom;ausmfausmf&Sdaom olUeef;vdrf qGJBudK;udk
ay;vdkuf\/ þqGJBudK;udk reufrSm uRefawmfuaiGjzpfatmif vkyfzdkUyif/ odkU&mwGif
t&ufrl;rl;ESifh &SyftuÐsxnfhtdyf&m? eHeufrdk;aomufawmh r&Sdawmhacs/
uRefawmftdyfaysmfvQif aemfrmu tdwfxJEIdufavh&Sdonfhtwdkif;? olbJ,lrSmbJ[k
uRefawmftwyfpGJ\/ odkU&mwGif olUrdcifvufxJa&mufoGm;NyD;ESifh wlonf/ xdkpOfuvnf;
jiif;? aemifvJjiif;\/ uRefawmfbmrQrwwfEdkifawmh (wenf;tm;jzifhawmhvJ aumif;om;
bJ? aemfrmESifh uRefawmfnm;aepOf a&Twjym;om;rS vkyfray;EdkifcJU/ aemufqkH;cGJcGm&awmh
rSbJ a&Twusyfom;avmuf vufzGJUcJUonfESifh rwlbl;vm;uG,f&dkU...)
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm aiGa&;aMu;a&; jyóem&SdvQif ajz&Sif;avh&Sdaom emeDqD u aiG
50d-udk aemufqkH;awmif;jcif;jzifh udkausmfjrum;ESifh arhtm; OD;b&SiftdrfodkU ac:vmcJUjcif;
jzpfygawmh\/
xdkUtjyif uRefawmfrSm xdkaeUreufu t0wfwxnf udk,fwckESifhvpfvmcJU&jcif;
jzpfaomaMumifh t0wftpm;rsm;vnf; 0,f&ao;\/ odkUtwGuf þ&ufrsm;twGif;rSm
&Ir0u BudKwif,laiGrsm;jzifh bdkifusaeaMumif; ajymawmh apwemxufoefaeaom
udkwifhw,fu..
]c&D;p&dwfavmufzJuGm? [dkrSm pm;wmaewm ighwm0efcHr,fuGm...}
]tJ'D c&D;p&dwfudk usKyfwdkUrSmr&Sdbl;}
]uJ 'gjzifh rif;wkdUudk igaiG 200d acs;r,fuGm...}
]at;...acs;w,fqdkNyD; jyefawmif;bdkUawmh pdwfrul;eJU? uRefawmfwdkU&SdwJUtcg
ay;csifay;r,f? ray;csifvJray;bl;? tJ'gudk ,kH&ifacs;...}
]at;...rif;udk igem;vnfygw,f armifaqG&m...}
,if;odkUjzifh wifhw,fESifh uRefawmfaiGacs;pmcsKyfxnfh oGm;NyD;aemuf ]armif;ruef rSm
&moDOwkb,fvdkaeovJ? 'DrSmvdk rylbl; r[kwfvm;...}
]b,fylrvJuGm...? yifv,furf;bJ? tyltat;rQNyD; tifrwefaevdkUxdkifvdkU aumif;w,f?
b,fwdkif;jynfrSmrqkd aEG&moDrSm yifv,furf;ajcoGm;MuwmbJ? igt*Fvef rSm
aewkef;u'DvdkbJ...}
olbdvyfu jyefvmonfrSm wESpfrQ&Sdao;onf/
]tif;...cifAsm;BuD;u t*Fvdyftusifh ygvmwmudk; tqifoifhygbJcifAsm...? uRefawmfhrdef;r
uarÁmZoluvJ jrefrmjynf aEG&moDraebl;ao;awmh ylvSavmifvScsnf &JU nnf;aewmeJU
tqifoifhygbJ...}
,if;odkUjzifh uRefawmfwkdU armif;ruefodkU c&D;oGm;jzpfMuavonf/
uRefawmfwkdUESifh tjcm;tazmfrsm;ygao;\/ *kPf0if;ESifh olUoli,fcsif; udkwifaxG;?
wifhw,fnD armifMunf? pkpkaygif; uRefawmfwkdU 6-a,mufjzpfMu\/
xdkpOfu rwef;rnfaom w&kwfoabFmonf &efukefNrdKUudk 0ifxGufvsuf&Sday&m? pifppf
[efeDrl;qdkaom t*Fvdyfpum;twdkif; t*Fvdyfqefqef r*Fvmc&D;xGufMurnf qdkvQif
oD;oD;oefUoefU tcef;ESifh txufwef;uqdkvQif? aumif;avrnf/ ,ckawmh
uRefawmfwkdUrSm zGwfMum;bJ? ukef;ywfuvdkuf&avawmh b,fESdyfrSmvJAsm.../
oabFmxGufpawmh aysmfovdk&Sdom;As/ oabFmoHvufwef; udkifNyD;awmh a&jyifeJU
a0[ifudkMunfhcJUw,f/ oabFmeJUtwlygvmwJU pifa&mfawGudk tpmauR;cJUw,f/
]armif&,f olwkdUu aygifrkHUpav;awGudk okwfokwfoGm;vdkufMuwm edyfayhuGm...? 'geJU
ajymprf;ygtkH; armif&,f? olwkdUu 'DoabFmeJU vdkufvmMuwm arwdkUvdkrkHUauR;wJU
vlawGqDu rkHUpm;&atmif vdkufvmMuwmvm;...}
aronf &Srf;jynfawmifay:ol oabFmudk þtBudrf yxrpD;bl;jcif;jzpfonf/
]rl&if;uawmh 'Dvdk[kwfykHray:bl;...ar&JU? vlawGu tusifhvkyfauR;avh&SdvdkUom olwkdUu
rkHUpm;&rSef; odaewmjzpfvdrfhr,f? olwkdUoabFmeJUvdkufvmwJU obm0uawmh...
ar..a[m[dkrSmMunfhprf;...? oabFmaemufu a&*,ufxJrSm pifa&mfawG vIdif;pD;aeMu
w,f..jrifvm;}
][kwfw,f...[kwfw,f...}
]tJ'g olwdkUig;udkMunfhaeMuwm...? oabFmuckwfoGm;wJU a&*,ufxJrSm ig;u
ay:vmwwfw,f? tJonftay:vdkufrSm olwkdUu zrf;pm;MuwmbJ}
][kwfw,f...[kwfw,f armif...? [dkpifa&mfwaumif ig;waumif&oGm;wm arjrif
vdkuf&w,f}
]'g olwkdUobm0 tpm&Smenf;aygh...}
]armif...olwkdUu ig;tpdrf;vJpm;w,f? vlawGauR;wJU aygifrkUHvJ pm;w,f}
]udwfrkHUauR;vJ pm;rSmayghuG}
]a[m....armifa&....Munfhprf;...? a&ta&mifu wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd;ajymif;vmvdkufwm
jrpfxJwkef;u tjzL&,f....? tck yifv,f0a&mufNyDrdkUxifyg&JU? a&updrf;NyD;arSmifaewmbJ?
ausmufpdrf;jyifBuD;ygvm;...armif&,f}
yifv,ful;oabFm rpD;bl;ao;olwkdUtzdkU þodkUa&pdrf; arSmifvmNyDqdk&ifawmh
owdxm;aya&mh/ rMumrD yifv,fvIdif;ESifh awGUum uRefawmfwdkUrl;ygavNyD/ rl;&kHru
tefNyD; uRefawmfwkdUonf rwfwwfikwfwkyf raeEdkifawmhbJ? wysKdUysKdUwteftefESifh tdyf&m
xJ acGMu&yga&m.../
atmifr,fav;...udkwifhw,fa&...cifAsm;ajymwJU [ef;eD;rl;[m uRefawmfwkdUtzdkU tefNyD;rl;
jzpfyga&mvm;../
,if;um; yifv,fc&D;oGm;aeus r[kwfolwdkif; yifv,fxJa&mufprSm yifv,fu
EIwfqufvdkufjcif;yif/
uRefawmfwdkU xdkwn vIdif;rl;rl;ESifhbJ tdyfaysmfoGm;MuNyD; aemufwaeU reufvif; awmh
trl;rsm;ajyoGm;Muí aeomxdkifom&SdoGm;MuavNyD/ yifv,fvIdif;rxawmhí r[kwf/
oabFm\vIyf&Sm;jcif;udk vlu ],Of}oGm;aomaMumifhwnf;/
þyifv,ful;oabFmBuD; rwef;onf xm;0,fqdyfurf;udk uyfírqdkufEdkifay.../
armfawmfwpif;u vmBudKí uRefawmfwkdU ajymif;pD;Mu&onf/
xdkpOfu xm;0,fNrdKU uRefawmfwkdUrdwfaqGrSm ygvDreftrwf Akdvfae0if;jzpfí olu
toifhBudKaeygonf/ Adkvfae0if;tdrfrSm w&ufavmufaeNyD;rS uRefawmfwkdU armif;ruef
odkUoGm;Muygonf/
AdkvfwJeHygwf (1)
uRefawmfwkdUonf AdkvfwJeHywf(1)wGif wnf;Muygonf/ þAdkvfwJwpfeHywfjzpf& onfrSm
jrefrmjynfwGif t*Fvdyfrsm;vufxufuyif yxrOD;qkH; zefwD;cJUaom þarmif;
ruefyifv,furf;ajc tyef;ajz&dyfomrSm yxrOD;qkH; aqmufaom AdkvfwJrdkU jzpfygvdrfh
rnf/ 'gaMumifhvJ a[mif;ayhAsm/ vlwufaeí jzpf&kHom&Sdawmhonf/ trdk;rsm;rvkHawmh?
Murf;rsm;uvnf; usKd;onfhae&m usKd;aeNyD; tedrfhtjrifhrnDawmhyg/ aemufaz;aqmifrSm
rdk;a&avQm apmif;ae\/ ajcwH&Snf&SnfjrifhjrifhBuD;ESifh BuD;awmhBuD;yg\/
xm;0,frSxGufcJUpOf ]cifAsm;wdkUawmh AdkvfwJeHywfwpf&wmbJAsKdU}[k Adkvfae0if;u
ajymavawmh? tif;...wpfqdkwm yxrwef;bJ[k atmufarhaewm/ uRefawmfwkdUrSm
0rf;omrdMuao;onf/ 'Da&mufrS aomufwvGJbJ/ taygufruRHatmif owdxm;eif;&
ao;onf/ vrf;avQmufawmh usKd;usKd;usdusdvnf; jrnfavao;/
NcH0if;BuD;uawmh us,fygbdonf/ {u0ufavmuf&Sdrnfxifonf/ t0if0u
xif;&l;yifBuD;ESpfyifESifh/ 'Dxif;&lyifvJ 'DAdkvfwJaqmufwkef;u pdkufwmxifyg&JU/
xif;&l;yif qdkwmu touftdkav EkysKdavudk;/ yifv,favudk&SLum pdrf;pdkygbd/
pifppfawmh...armif;ruefonf '*kefcifcifav;ESifh OD;tkef;cifwkdU acwfxpOfu
pwifcJUaom iyvDavmuf rom,m? rvSracs/ vlaevnf;usJ\/ aps;vnf;a0;\/
þyifv,furf;om,mrSm armif;ruef&GmESifh awmfawmfav; tvSrf;uGm\/ aps;0,f&efu
armif;ruef&Gmu aps;odkUoGm;&\/ uRefawmfwkdUtm; Adkvfae0if;u *spfum;wpD;ay;xm;í
awmfao;oaygh/
aps;0,fxrif;csufuawmh uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;ayghcifAsm/ wifhw,fu ]rif;wkdU
vifr,m;? ig 'gaMumifhac:cJUwmayghuG}wJU? olu arxrif;[if; tcsufaumif;aMumif;
udk uRefawmfwkdU OD;b&Siftdrfaewkef; olrMumcP vmvnfpOfuyif odaeygonf/
xdkpOfu armif;ruefonf ,ckiyvDvdk vlpnfjcif;vnf;r&Sdyg/ AdkvfwJwdkif; vl&SdMu onf
r[kwfrlí wdwfqdwfajcmufuyfvS\/ AdkvfwJwckausmfrS uRefawmfwkdUtm;
rdwfqufvmaom ta&;ydkif OD;wifOD;wa,mufom uRefawmfwkdUrdwfaqG&\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUa&mufNyD; rMumrDü þarmif;ruefurf;ajcrSm vlawG tkH;tkH;
uRufuRuf pnfum;vmav\/ aomifjyifwGif r@yfxdk;Mu\/ NrdKUay:u vlawGvmMu?
oGm;Mu\/ wD;rIwfoHawG bmawGMum;&\/
taMumif;aomfum;? xdkpOfu xm;0,fom; OD;AaqGonf 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfaeí?
olUtzGJUom;rsm;ESifh ar,koabFmBuD; pif;vkH;pD;um a&TNrdKUawmfodkU jyefvmjcif;jzpfayonf/
ar,koabFmum; qdyfurf;odkU uyfvmEdkifonfr[kwf? yifv,fxJ cyfa0;a0;wae&mrSm
ausmufcsxm;onf/ OD;AaqGtzGJUom;rsm;u armfawmfrsm;ESifh urf;ajcodkU ul;oef;Mu
onf/ onfu xm;0,fom;rsm;u r@yfxkd;í qd;BudK{nfhcHMuonf/ xrif;pm;yJGBuD;rsm;
usif;yonf/
þae&mü uRefawmfonf xdktcsdefu acwfaumif;cJUMuaom OD;AaqGESifh
wifhw,ftaMumif; jyefpOf;pm;rdonf/
EdkifiHa&;orm;ESifh pma&;q&m
OD;AaqGonf uRefawmfhtm; aiGig;axmifay;cJUbl;ygonf/ odkUaomf...oludk,fwdkif uawmh
rodyg/ uRefawmfuvnf; þaiGig;axmifudkr,lcJUygacs/ okdU&mwGifaiGig;axmif
ruwefaom ]EdkifiHa&;tod}wckudk uRefawmf&cJUygonf/
wifhw,f t*Fvefu jyefa&mufcgp/
1953-ck? aqmif;OD;aygufavmufu jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdefrSm OD;AaqGonf EdkifiHjcm;
owif;pmrsm;u (o&zl;aqmif;aom rif;om;)[k csD;MuL;a&;om;&avmufatmif
jrefrmjynfrSm bkef;rD;aevawmufyaeaom umv/
waeUaom eHeufcif;BuD;rSm qD;ESif;awGa0aewkef; uRefawmfonf OD;AaqG\ [krf;vrf;
tdrfBuD;a&SUodkU a&mufcJUygonf/ xdktcgrSm olu umuG,fa&;0efBuD;ubJ? b,fol
tdrfxJ0ifcsifwdkif; 0if&rwkef;? taygufapmifh&JabmfawGqDudk uRefawmfhemrnfESifh
udpöa&;ay;&ygonf/ awGUcsifvdkUqdk&kHESifhr&yg/
onfawmh uRefawmfhudpöu a&;jybdkUcufaeonf/ cufrSmaygh? uRefawmfudk,fwdkif
udpövnf;r[kwf/ wifhw,f&JUr,m;yl'ku©udkcifAs/ olbdvyfrSmaewkef;u oGm;av&m
tdrfaxmifus&ygap&JUvdkqdkwJU oem;p&m usdefpmoifhcJU&SmwJU q&mwifhw,f[m [dkrSm
rdef;rwa,muf &cJUw,fcifAs/ q&mwifhw,f&JU wcsKdU0w¬KawGrSm *sKH;eD*sKH;eDeJU w*sD*sDatmf
cJUwmudk ,cifu &Ir0y&dowfrsm; zwfzl;cJUMuvdrfhr,f? vef'efrSmol&cJUwJU rdef;remrnf
u *sKH wJUcifAsm/ q&mwifhw,f jrefrmjynfjyefa&mufawmh&if olu 'D]*sKH}udk ]qef}vkyfcsif
w,f? t"dyÜm,fu t*FvefuaeNyD; jrefrmjynfudk ac:csifw,fAsm/ t*Fvefuawmh
jynfyxGufcGifh ]ywfpfbkwf}ay;bdkU tqifoifhygbJwJU? jrefrmjynfrSmbJ aexdkifcGifhtrdefU
]ADZm}&bdkU vdkaew,f? q&mwifhw,f[m bdvyfolrudk jrefrmjynfac:bdkU BudK;pm;&Sm
w,f/
onftcsdefrSm OD;AaqGu wefcdk;tmPmBuD;wJU 0efBuD;jzpfaeawmh q&mwifhw,f u
uRefawmfhudk ]a[h..armifaqG rif;OD;AaqGeJU awmfawmf&if;ESD;ovm;}vdkU ar;ygw,f/
onfae&mrSm OD;AaqGESifh uRefawmfoduRrf;&ykHudk ajym&ygr,f? tckuG,fvGefoGm;NyD jzpfwJU
rif;&Sifaemifu atmifoG,fyg/ rif;&Sifaemif[m EdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh OD;AaqGESifh
tvGef&if;ESD;olyg/
waeU rif;&SifaemifESifhuRefawmf AdkvfcsKyfaps;a&SU jzwftavQmufrSm AdkvfcsKyfvrf; uaeNyD;
r*dkvrf;xJ csKd;0ifoGm;wJU um;wpD;MunfhNyD;awmh rif;&Sifaemif...
]a[h....0efBuD;awGuG? b,foGm;rvJ rodbl;? [m...cspfwD;xrif;qdkifa&SU&yfw,f?
xrif;pm;rvdkUeJUwlw,f? vma[h armifaqG? 'dkUvJ0ifwkwf&atmif}qdkawmh uRefawmfu..
][..0efBuD;awGu 'dkUxrif;rauR;wJUtjyif &dkufxkwfaeygtkH;r,f rvkyfygeJU ig0efBuD;
&dkufwmawmh rcHcsifygbl;uGm}
]vmyguG? igeJU &if;ESD;ygw,f}
]a[hat...rif;eJU &if;ESD;rif;bJoGm;uGm? igeJUrSrodwmBuD;}
][...rif;eJU vlcsif;rodayr,fh rif;pmawGzwfNyD; olwkdUu rif;udkodaeMuygw,fuG}
][...0efBuD;awGu ighpmawG zwfrvm;uG}
]zwfw,fq&m? OD;AaqGuqdk&if rif;0w¬KawG tm;BuD;zwfwmaygh? olu rif;[mo
0w¬KawGudk BudKufw,fuG? ighudkawmif aomfwmaqG waeUolUtdrfac:cJUprf;ygvdkU ajymbl;
w,f? vmyguG? rif;pdwf igodygw,f? rif;odu©mi,f&r,fh[mrsKd; igb,fawmhrSrvkyfyg
bl;}
'gESifh uRefawmfwkdUcspfwD;xrif;qdkifxJ a&mufoGm;NyD; 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh rdwfquf&yg onf/
OD;AaqG? AkdvfrSL;atmif? AdkvfvSat;wdkUokH;a,mufjzpfygonf/
rif;&SifaemifajymwmrSefygonf/ OD;AaqGu uRefawmfh0w¬KawG rjywfzwfavh &SdaMumif;ESifh
rnfonfh0w¬Kwkef;u olwkdUzqyv0efBuD;awGudk oa&mfonf? uavmfonf [kvJ
ajymjyygonf/
OD;AaqGESifhuRefawmf 'kwd,tBudrf xyfrH&if;ESD;&jyefonfrSm px&if;a[mfw,f? qdkAD,uf
atmufwdkbm awmfvSefa&;aeU tcrf;tem;wGifjzpfygonf/ &k&Sm;oH&kH;rS
zdwfMum;jcif;cH&ojzifh onfa[mfw,frsKd; ra&mufpzl;? taomufxl;aeMuaom (0DpuD
awGudk cifAs) uRefawmfwdkU pma&;q&mawGrSmawmfawmf axGaeMuygonf/ onftcsdefrSm
OD;AaqGu EdkifiHjcm; oHwrefBuD;rsm;ESifh ajymqdkaeMuygonf/
,if;udk q&mBuD;r[maqGu uRefawmfhtm;...
]a[h...armifaqG? AaqGudkoGm;NyD; qGJac:cJUprf;uGm? 'Daumifu EdkifiHjcm;om;awGudk rS
vlxifovm; 'dkUpma&;q&mawGudk vmNyD;EIwfqufazmfr&bl;}vdkU rl;oHBuD;ESifhajymav
awmh? uRefawmfuvJ 'Dae&m 'DudpörsKd;rSm rrl;ao;&ifawmh ,kefoli,f rl;NyDqdk&ifawmh
usm;bJ/
'geJU usm;BuD;AaqGudk uRefawmfoGm;qGJawmh? oluRefawmfeJU uefUvefUuefUvefU
ygvmNyD;...
]a[h...aomfwmaqG bmvJuG}
]cifAsm;u uRefawmfwkdUeJUvmNyD; pum;pjrnfajymygtkH;Asm}
]a[...rif;u igh..bmajymp&m&SdvdkUvJuGm}
]&SdwmayghAs}
]'gjzifh aemufrSajymuGm}
]tmaemufrSqdk&if cifAsm;udk b,frSmawGUEdkifvdkUwkef;? cifAsm;vdk 0efBuD;wa,muf udk
uRefawmfwkdUvdk vlawGUbdkUu t&darwå,styGifhrSm zl;&bdkUavmuf cufaewm}
]a[h aomfwmaqG? 'DvdkrajymeJUuGm? rif;ighudkawGUcsif&if tcsdefra&G;? ighqDudkvmcJU yg?
reufeJU aeUcif;ydkif;rSm ightdrf? nae 4-em&Dausmf&if jynfaxmifpkuvyfuGm}
uRefawmfu olUvufqGJvsufbJ &Sdaeao;í..
][kwfvm; vTwfuGm igutckrif;wkdUvdk taysmfaomuftrl;aomufaomufae&wm
r[kwfzl;uG? EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefawGeJU pum;ajymae&wmu EdkifiHwm0ef xrf;aqmifae&wm
bJuG}
,if;rS olajymwm [kwfygvm;[k rdrdtjyKtrl trSm;udkod&Sdum OD;AaqGvufudk uRefawmf
vTwfvdkuf&ygawmh\/
xdkUaMumifh xdkaeUreufrSm OD;AaqGudkawGU&bdkUtwGuf....
]]OD;AaqGcifAsm...}}
]rif;ighudkawGUcsif&if tcsdefra&G;vmcJUyg}qdkpum;t& uRefawmf ,ckudpöwck twGuf
vmcJUygonf
aomfwmaqG
uRefawmf þodkUa&;NyD;? &Jabmfudkay;vdkufygonf/ rMumrDxdk&Jabmf jyefvmNyD;
uRefawmfhudk OD;AaqG\tdrfBuD;ay:odkU ac:oGm;ygonf/
tvm;...vm;...{nfhcef;rSm uRefawmfhvdkbJ OD;AaqGudk xdkifapmifhaewJUvlawG
trsm;BuD;ygvm;/ jrefrmrsm;omru EdkifiHjcm;om; rsufESmjzLrsufESm0grsufESmrJawGyg&JU-
uRefawmfa&mufNyD; rMumrDbJ OD;AaqG[m uRefawmfausmcdkif;xdkifaewJU tcef;xJ
vmw,f? tcef;xJu vlawGrsufpda0hMunfhvdkufNyD; uRefawmfhjrifawmh uRefawmfhqD
a&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfhyckH;ykwfum...
]a[h...rif;eJUigawmh at;at;aq;aq;ayghuGm} ajymNyD; acgif;&if;cef;xJ 0ifoGm; um
olUvmapmifhaewJU {nfhonfawGudk wa,mufpDac:awGUygonf/
5-rdepfavmufeJU udpöNyD;wJUvl 15-rdepfu em&D0ufausmfausmf MumwJUvlawG &Sdygonf/
aemufqkH; uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; uRefawmfh10em&DausmfaeygNyD/ uRefwmfhudk awmh
olUtcef;xJrac:ygbl;? uRefawmfxdkifaewJU qdkzm&Snfay:rSm olvmxdkifNyD; ab;csif;
,SOfvsuf...
]udkif;..rif;udpöu bmwkef;uG}
uRefawmfu wifhw,fjyóemudk wifjyvdkufawmh olu cyfat;at;yif pwifí..
]atmf...ADZm&bdkUvm;...'g igvkyfay;Edkifygw,fuG}
onfpum;Mum;&awmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm atmifr,fav; aomfwmaqGwkdU uHxawmh
aiGig;axmif&vdkU w,fvG,fygvm;[JU aemfvdkU pdwfuusL;&ifhvdkufrdw,fAs/
bmaMumifhvJqdk wifhw,fu olUrdef;rjrefrmjynf vmaecGifhADZm&atmifom vkyfay;Edkif&ef
uRefawmfhudk csufcsif;vufiif; aiG 5000d ay;r,fvdkU qdkpum;&Sdoudk;/ tJonftcsdefrSm
wifhw,f[m bdvyfu jyefvmwm rMumao;/ olU0w¬KawG[m tifrwef a&mif;vkdU
aumif;w,f/ olUemrnf[mvJ xdyfqkH;rSmaewkef;/ &kyf&SifZmwfñGef;awGuvJ axmif
aomif;csDNyD; &aecdkuf? oluRefawmfhudk wu,fbJ aiGig;axmifay;Edkifygw,f/ olay;vJ
ay;rSmygbJ/ tu,fí uRefawmfu aps;udkifawmif waomif;&Edkifygw,f/
[D...[D..aomfwmaqGwkdU yGNyD...yGNyD...}
odkUaomf OD;AaqG\pum;u rqkH;ao;yg/ olxm;0,foH0J0JBuD;ESifh av;av;rSefrSef qufí
vmykHum;...
]'gayr,fh wifhw,frdef;rADZm ay;oifhray;oifhudk rif;eJUigeJU aqG;aEG;MutkH;pdkUuGm? rif;u
pma&;q&m igu EdkifiHa&;orm;? 'Dawmh 'dkUESpfa,mufpvkH;rSm wdkif;jynftwGuf
pOf;pm;bdkU&Sdw,fuG}[k qdkNyD; olacwåpum;jzwfxm;í uRefawmfu em;ayaxmifaepOf..
]a[h...'DrSm...aomfwmaqG.. bdvyfom;awG ArmjynfrSmaeNyD; Armrdef;rawG
r,lMubl;vm;uG}
][m...,lMuwmayghAsm}
]at;...EdkUNyD;? olwkdU bdvyfjyefawmh Armrdef;rawG ac:oGm;Muovm;uG}
uRefawmf...rsufvkH;uav; aMumifwufwufESifh EIwfqGHUoGm;avNyD/ OD;AaqGu
qufajym\/
]EdkUNyD;..w&kwf ukvm;awGaumuGm? Armrdef;rawG ,lMuwmbJ r[kwfvm;uG?
'gayr,fh...olwkdU jynfBuD;jyefawmh&if Armjynfu r,m;awG om;orDF;awG ac:oGm;Mu
w,fvdkU Mum;bl;ovm;}
][ifhtif;}
uRefawmf acgif;cg&ygawmhonf/
]tJ'g...olwdkUr,m;awG..om;orD;awG rcspfvdkU vdkUrif;qdkEdkifrvm;}
][m...b,f qdkEdkifrvJAsm? vlrSef&if udk,fhom;r,m; udk,fh&ifaoG;udk cspfMuwm csnf;aygh}
]'gayr,fh...olwdkUbmaMumifh olwkdUwdkif;jynfudk ac:roGm;MuovJ rif;odvm;}
uRefawmfu acgif;cgvdkufawmh...
]tJ'g EdkifiHa&;bJuG? 'DrSmaomfwmaqG? 'dkUwdkif;jynf[m uRefoaygufb0 a&mufcJU &vdkU
vlrsKd;jcm;awG 0ifcsifovdk0if xGufcsifovdkxGuf aecsifovdkaecJUMuwmudk 'dkUcHcJU&
wmMumNyD? tck 'dkUvGwfvyfa&;&NyDrdkU 'DudpöawGudk 'dkUtzwfq,f&r,f}
olacwåpum;em;\/ NyD;rS uRefawmfhaphaphMunfhí..
]'DrSm aomfwmaqG? vlrsKd;jcm;awG 'dkUwdkif;jynfa&mufvmw,fqdk&if 'dkUvlrsKd;awG&JU
vkyfpmawGudk pm;NyD; 'dkUwdkif;jynf&JU ae&maumif;aumif;awGrSm aeMuwmuG? olwkdUtqifh
twef;u 'dkUvlrsKd;xufrsm;awmif jrifhaevdkufMuao;w,f tJ'gawG awG;NyD;awmhrsm;
rif;toJrembl;vm; aomfwmaqG&,f}
]tck rif;oli,fcsif; wifhw,fac:vmcsifw,f qdkwmu bdvyfol rsufESmjzL r[kwfvm;?
olu Armjynf a&mufawmh&if b,ftqifhtwef;rSm aervJuG? Adkvfru Adkvfvdk0wfNyD;
Adkvfvdkaer,f r[kwfvm;uG? 'Dae&mrSm olUr,m;olxm;wmbJ? wifhw,f&JU
vkyfpmvdkUrwGuf&bl;? ol b,fenf;eJU&&? 'dkUwdkif;jynf&JUypönf;vdkU,lq&r,f? em;vnf&JU
vm; aomfwmaqG..}
][kwfuJUcifAs...}
]EdkUNyD;awmh tJ'Dbdvyfol Adkvfru 'dkUwdkif;jynfrSmaeNyD;awmh olUwa,mufxJeJU
rNyD;ao;bl; cav;awG arG;tkH;r,fuG? rsufESmjzLujym; uuwpfuav;awG? aemufolwkdU
uwqifh wqifh EdkifiHjcm;om; tquftEG,fawG b,favmufyGm;rsm;vmtkH;rvJ? rif;pOf;
pm;Munfhprf;uGm/
]a[h...'DrSm aomfwmaqG? 'dkUwdkif;jynf[m 'dkUwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;awG twGufom
jzpf&r,fuG? 'g[m urÇmay:rSm&SdwJU vGwfvyfwJU wdkif;jynfawG&JU oabmxm;bJ? tck
Munfhprf; bdvyfom;eJU w&kwfukvm;vlrsKd;awG 'dkUArmrawG,lNyD; ujym;awG arG;zGm;Mu?
aemufolwkdUwdkif;jynftpdk;&uvJ olwkdUjynfu ypönf;vmpm;r,fh yg;pyfaygufawGudk
ac:vmcGifhray;bl;uG? olwkdUuom olrsm;jyupm;r,f? olrsm;jynfu ,lr,f}
]a[h..'DrSm aomfwmaqG? olwdkUvlrsKd;jcm;awGu 'dkUwdkif;jynfrSm olwkdUaoG;eJUayguf
zGm;cJUMuwJU om;orD;awGawmif ypfxm;cJUMuao;wm? rif;oli,fcsif; wifhw,fu
ArmjynfvmNyD; om;aygufr,fh rsufESmjzLrudk ac:oihfygovm;? rif;pOf;pm;yguGm..? rif;
pma&;q&myg? igu EdkifiHa&;orm;bJ? rif;u oifhavsmfw,fqdk&if tck csufcsif;bJ tJ'D
ADZmay;bdkU igw,fvDzkH; qufajymvdkufr,f? rif;qE´udk igrjiif;ygbl;?
uJ...rif;oli,fcsif; jyóem rif;bJ qkH;jzwfaya&mh? ig...aemufxyf bmwcGef;rS
rajymawmhbl;}
onfae&mrSm uRefawmfh&JU &ifxJu wkefvmw,f? EIwfcrf;uawmh ,JU,JUNyKH;vdkU/
rsufvkH;rSmawmh rsuf&nfawG....a0hvmw,f/
uRefawmfoufjyif;BuD;udk csvdkufNyD; ab;csif;,SOfxdkifaewJU OD;AaqG&JUvufudk
vSrf;udkifum ]uRefawmfem;vnfygNyDAsm}vdkU ajymvdkufw,f/
onfawmh OD;AaqGu tifrwef0rf;ajrmufwJU rsufESmBuD;eJU....
]'gjzifh rif;auseyfNyDayghaemf}
][kwfuJU}
]'gjzifh rif;ightdrfrSm xrif;pm;oGm;uGm}[kqdkNyD; olUtdrfom;rsm;tm; ]a[h..'dkU..
xrif;pm;r,fuG}[k vSrf;ajymvdkufav\/
xdkUaMumifh wifhw,fvnf; bdvyfu *sKH;udk rac:jzpf/ uRefawmfvnf; olUqDu aiG
ig;axmif r&/
þtaMumif;udk uRefawmfonf a&Twl*sme,f xkwfaepOfu OD;AaqGonf ]awmfvSefa&;\
jrKyfuGuf&IyfuGufrsm; acgif;pOfjzifh olUb0udk,fawGUEdkifiHa&;rsm;udk tywf
pOfa&;aeonfESifh cspfaqGaemifBuD;tm; trSwfw&[k (1-5-71)aeUxkwf a&Twl*sme,f
wGif uRefawmfa&;om;azmfjycJU\/
,if;a&Twl*sme,frSm a&;pOfu tpwGif...
][JUvdk....OD;AaqG}
EdkifiHa&;e,fy,frS 0efBuD;csKyftxd jzpfcJUbl;aom OD;AaqGu uRefawmfwkdU pmaye,fodkU
uavmifudkifí 0ifvmojzifh uRefawmfu vufurf; BudKqdk&ygonf/
pifppfawmh OD;AaqGwa,mufudkomr[kwf? ,ck 2-ESpftwGif;rSm tvQKdvQKday: vmaom
*sme,frsm;wGif yg0ifa&;om;vmMuaom EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESifh 0efBuD;a[mif; rsm;
tm;vkH;udk BudKqdkygonf/
OD;AaqGwa,mufwnf; acgif;pnf;emrnf wyfvdkufwmuawmh olu uRefawmfh tay:rSm
aus;Zl;&SdvdkUygbJ/
ol[m uRefawmfhudkaiGig;axmifay;bl;ygonf/
... tpcsDNyD; tqkH;owfrSm...
onfawmh OD;AaqGu tifrwef0rf;ajrmufwJU rsufESmBuD;eJU..
]'gjzifh rif;auseyfNyDayghaemf? auseyf&if ightdrfrSm xrif;pm;NyD;rS oGm;uGm}qdkNyD; ]a[h
'dkUxrif;pm;r,fuG}vdkU vSrf;atmfvdkufw,f/
onfaemuf uRefawmfwkdU[m ydkumupm;cJUMuao;w,faemf/ OD;AaqGu uRefawmfh
vufxdyfuxdkifvdkU ]pma&;q&mhzJudk taoowfr,fuG? taoowfr,fuG}eJU...
rSwfrdao;&JUvm; OD;AaqG...usef;rm&Tifvef;ygap
aomfwmaqGtESDodkU uRefawmfu y#doaE¨m&jyKvdkufygojzifh OD;AaqGu (15-5-
71)aeUxkwf a&Twl*sme,fwGif...
aomfwmaqGodkUjyefpm
aomfwmaqG
a&TwlrSmygwJU armif&ifhaqmif;yg;udk zwf&vdkU? aemufNyD;ay;ydkUvdkufwJU ]þavmu
ajrr[D0,f}pmtkyfudk&&SdvdkU? 0rf;vnf;ajrmuf aus;Zl;vJ wifygw,f/
1/ armif&ifu igwkdUEdkifiHa&;orm;BuD;awG pma&;q&mavmu 0ifa&mufvmMu wmudk
0rf;ajrmufpGm BudKqdkygw,f qdkvdkU*kPf,lygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'dkUwawGvJ ]ordkif;ay;
wm0efudk} xrf;aqmif&w,fqdkwm em;vnfbdkUvdkw,f/
2/ armif&ifu ]rSwfrdao;vm;}qdkvdkU iguvJ jyefar;vdkw,f/ wifhw,fu olU&JU ]*sKH;}udk
jrefrmjynfdodkU ac:vdka&;eJU ywfoufNyD; rif;eJUigaqG;aEG;Muwmudk rif;aqmif;yg; rSm
tawmfbJ pkHpkHvifvif azmfjycJUw,f/ 'gayr,fh ta&;BuD;wm wcsufusefaew,f?
]wifhw,frSm Armrdef;reJU cav;rsm; &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;}vdkU igar;cJUw,f? armif&ifu ]&Sdyg
w,f}vdkU ajzw,f/ ]'DudpörSm olUrdef;r Armru oabmwlovm;}qdkawmh armif&ifu
]oabmwlygw,f}vdkU ajzcJUw,f/ 'Dawmh igu ]'g[m obm0rusbl;? w&m;vJw&m;
r,f? rSefvJrSefr,fqdk&if igawmh ArmreJU olU&JUom;orD;rsm; pdwfcsrf;ombdkU Armrç
bufu &yfwnfvdkw,f}vdkU ajymcJUw,fav/ tJ'gawmh armif&if rSwfrdao;ovm;/
3/ armif&ifeJU ywfoufNyD; owif;aumif;rsm; Mum;&vdkU 0rf;ajrmufrdw,f..../ 'guawmh
armif&ift&ufraomufawmhbl; qdkwJUowif;bJ/ tck bmaMumifhbJ raomufaomuf?
aemufawmh wu,fbJ t&ufjywfoGm;NyDvdkU Mum;vdrfhr,fvdkU ajrSmfvifh w,f..../
udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omygap/
oihf&Jabmf
AaqG
OD;AaqG&JU jyefpmeHywf2-u ]'DudpörSm olUrdef;r Armru oabmwlygovm;} qdkawmh
uRefawmfuoabmwlygw,fvdkU ajzrdwmuawmh aiGig;axmif &csifaZmeJU NzD;wm/
OD;AaqGvdk vlBuD;wa,mufu ,kHr,fr[kwfzl;qdkwm rpOf;pm;rdcJUbl;/ rdkufvdkuf wJU
uRefawmfhES,f/ 'DtaMumif; uRefawmfa&Twl*sme,f aqmif;yg;xJ xnfhra&;wmuvJ
owdr&vdkUr[kwfygbl;/ OD;AaqGenf;wlrarhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh wifhw,ftwGuf raumif;
aybl; xifvdkU uRefawmf wrifcsefypfcJUwmygvdkU OD;AaqGqDudk uRefawmw,fvDzkef;eJU
ajymMum;vdkufygw,f/
eHygwf 3? OD;AaqG uRefawmfhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufaMumif; tEkarm'em jyKonfu awmh
uRefawmf[m 1943-ckESpf jrif;vSnf;orm;b0uwnf;u aeUpOf&ufquf rysuf
ruGufaomufcJUwJU t&ufudk onfacwfrSm jynfwGif;jzpf EdkifiHjcm;t&ufvnf; raomuf
Edkif? udk,fwwfEdkifwJU t&ufjzLuvnf; t0,f&cufcJvGefvGef;vdkU 1969-ck? Zlvdkifv 6-
&ufaeUnaerSm pwifjzwfvdkufwJU taMumif; aMu;rkHowif;pmrSma&m? &Ir0rSma&m? pmwdk
pm&Snfa&;um uRefawmfwdkif;odjynfod aMunmvdkufí jzpfygonf/
þt&uftaMumif; pçrdawmh t&ufaMumifh tEå&m,fjzpfoGm;Muaom pmaye,f
ucspfaqGrsm;udk owd&rdygonf/
q&mBuD;r[maqG
þpm wae&mü azmfjycJUonf/ px&if;a[mfw,fü usif;yaom qdkAD,uf atmufwdkbm
awmfvSefa&;aeU? tcrf;tem;wckwGif uRefawmfwkdU pma&;q&mawG awmfawmfaxGMuí?
EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;ESifh pum;ajymaeaom xdkpOfu umuG,fa&;0ef BuD; OD;AaqGtm;
oGm;ac:&ef q&mBuD;r[maqGu uRefawmfhudkcdkif;onf/
OD;AaqGudk uRefawmfac:cJUaomfvnf; olUqDra&mufawmh rauseyf? OD;AaqGudk om
r[kwf? xdkpOfu ynma&;0efBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh tjcm;0efBuD;rsm;udkvnf; (ckacwf
pum;okH;ESifh ajym&aomf) ol]csJ}aeojzifh q&mBuD;tm; tdrfjyefydkU&ef oifhavsmfNyDqdkMuí
uRefawmf wm0ef,lcJU&onf/
armfawmfum; wpD;ESifh tawmfacsmhacsmharmharmh cJcJ,Of;,Of; ac:cJU&í q&mBuD;
tdrfa&mufaomf trl;orm;wkdU xkH;pHtwdkif; ]a[h armifaqG&? igrrl;ao;ygbl; uG}[k qdkí
olUorD;rsm;tm; t&ufESifh jrnf;p&mrsm; xkwfapygonf/
'Dtcsdef q&mBuD;orD; cifaqGOD;ESifh at;at;u bmBuD;ao;oenf;/ q,fhav;
ig;ajcmufESpf tysKdaygufuav;awGrQ &SdOD;rnf/ orD;uav;awGonf zatBuD; qE´
twdkif;jyKpk&onf/ olwkdUtaz t&uform;BuD;udk cspf&Smonf/ q&mBuD;uawmfuvnf;
tcsKdUZeD;rsm;vdk vift&uform;BuD;&,fvdkU yrmrcefUrjyK? olUcifyGef;onfBuD;udk
tifrwef aMumufcspf&dkao&SmaMumif;? uRefawmf wcPav;ESifh tuJcyfrdygonf/
uRefawmf taomuform; rdwfaqGawG tdrfa&mufaygif; rsm;vSNyDubJ/
q&mBuD;tdrf aomuf&onfht&ufrSm csuft&ufjzLudk oMum;avSmfí ta&mif
oGif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;t&ufudk aeUpOf0,fay;&olrsm;rSm
q&mBuD;\orD;uav;rsm; bJjzpfonf/
'Dtdrfa&mufawmh a[mfw,fu paumhwvef 0DpuDESifh Armcsufa&mNyD; wu,f
rl;oluawmh uRefawmfbJ/
uRefawmfonf t&ufrl;awmh Zmwday:í at;at;\cspfvSpGmaom aMumifBuD;udk owfNyD;
[if;csufpm;rnfvkyfojzifh at;at;u pdwfqdk;cJUaMumif;? aemufawmhajymprSwf jyKMu\/
uRefawmfuawmh at;at;onf olUaMumifBuD;ydkufí uRefawmfwkdUaomufae onfh
pm;yGJem;vmaeonf/ (at;at;&JU eifhaMumifBuD;ucspfp&mBuD;ygvm; ay;prf;igh
cP)qdkwmavmufom owd&awmhonf/ usefwmudk aiGa&mifydwfum;ay:rSm qufvuf
Munfh&IawmfrlMuyg qdkbdouJUodkU olwkdUom;trdawG ar;MunfhrSom odMuayawmhrnf/
eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufí uRefawmftdyf&mrSEdk;awmh? q&mBuD;r[maqG\
tdrfa&SU{nfhcef;rSm oifzsmwcsyf? acgif;tkH;wvHk;? apmifwxnfESifh pHy,faeaMumif;
udk,fhudk,fudk od&onf/
uRefawmftdyf&mu renf;BudK;pm;x&onf/ acgif;xJrSm rl;rdkufaeonf/ cifaqGOD; u
rsufESmokwf yk0gESifh oGm;yGwfwHvmay;í? w&dyf&dyfaom rsufpdwkdUESifh a&csKd;cef;odkU renf;
*,drf;*,dkifESifh oGm;&onf/
jyefvmaomtcg vlrSm plr&awmhí tdyf&mxJ jyefvJae&onf/ at;at;tm;
eifhtazBuD;aum ar;awmh..
]azaz...olUxkH;pHtwdkif; reufwdkif; vrf;avQmufoGm;wmaygh? OD;av;vdk olrsm; aMumif
owfr,fvkyfNyD; tdyf&mxJ vSJraeaygif}
uRefawmf pum;jyefrajymEdkifbJ tdyf&mxJ rSdef;aeonf/
rMumrDü q&mBuD;onf olUAdkuf&TJBuD;ESifh vrf;avQmufwkwfBuD;ESifh jyefa&mufvm awmh
orD;rsm;u t&ufykvif;xkwfay;onf/ tzdk;BuD;u w*Gwf*Gwf csaeavacs\/
uRefawmfrSm rsufpdudk renf;zGifhMunfh&onf/ uRefawmfEdk;aewm jrifawmhq&mBuD;u..
]a[h armifaqGvmvuG? a[m'DrSm ]ypfurDtyfvdkuf}
uRefawmfrSm &ifxJwvSyfvSyfckefí tm;enf;vsuf...
]uRefawmf aumif;aumif;vJ rxEdkifbl;? aomufcsifpdwfvJr&Sdbl;? acgif;xJrl;NyD;
atmf*vDqefaew,f}
][if;[if;...'gaMumifh ]ypfurDtyf}zdkU vdkw,fajymwm ayghuG}qdkNyD; zefcGufxJ
t&ufawGxnfhvmum uRefawmfhudk yckH;u rçxlí vlemaq;wdkufovdk wdkufygonf/
uRefawmfuvnf; jyefNyD;vef;qef; vmvdrfhrnfvm;[k BudK;pm;aomufvdkufygonf/
odkU&m wGif wzeftjyif;rl;um jyefítdyfaysmfoGm;jyefav\/
'kwd,tBudrfEdk;aomtcg em&DjyefwcsufcefU &SdaeacsNyD/ q&mBuD;onf tuÐsr&Sd
udk,fwkH;vkH; acR;awG&TJ&GJESifh nuuRefawmfwkdU t&ufaomufpm;yGJrSmyif pma&;aeonf/
puúLudk acR;ayNyD; rifjyefUrSmpdk;í olUvufarmif;udk t0wfywfxm;onf/
uRefawmfEdk;rSef;odaomtcg cifaqGOD;ESifh at;at;uvmí xrif;pm;&ef ajymonf/
]atmifr,fav; igh&ifacgif;xJ rD;vdkylaew,f[m... xrif;[if; pm;csifpdwf r&Sdygbl;}
]'gjzifh wckckawmh pm;rSjzpfr,f? AdkufxJ tpmr&SdvdkUaoaetkH;r,f bmpm;csifpdwf &SdovJ
iSufysmoD;pm;rvm;}
]a[hat;...iSufaysmoD;vJ rpm;csifbl;? ocGm;oD; z&JoD; tJvdkat;wm pm;csifw,f}
]'D&moDrSm z&JoD;awmh b,f&SdrvJ? ocGm;oD;bJ&r,f? oGm;...at;at;0,facs}[k
cifaqGOD;u cdkif;onf/
ocGm;oD;udk uRefawmfxdkifNyD; rpm;Edkifyg/ yufvufzJ0g;í 4-5vkH;rQ ukefNyD;aemuf?
rMumrD uRefawmftdyfaysmfoGm;jyefav\/
wwd,tBudrf Edk;aomtcg n-arSmifvsuf &SdacsNyD/ q&mBuD;onf pmyGJüxdkifum
t&ufaomuf&if; xrif;pm;vsuf&Sdonf/ uRefawmfrsufvkH;zGifhwmjrifaomtcg...
]a[h armifaqGEdk;NyDvm;? vmavuGm qufcsvdkuf}
uRefawmf BudK;pm;xMunfhonf/ r[myx0DajrBuD;onf tdk;xdef;pufuJUodkU csmcsm
vnfownf;/ uRefawmfywf0ef;usif jriforQwdkUrSm w&dyf&dyfESifh vIyf&Sm;ae\/ uRefawmfh
udk NyKH;aphaphESifh MunfhaeMuaom cifaqGOD;wkdU nDtronf -4-5-6a,mufjzpfae\/
]uRefawmf rwfwwfr&yfEdkifbl; q&mBuD;? acgif;rl;NyD; tm;enf;aew,f}
'Dawmh q&mBuD;onf uRefawmfhtm;vma&muf wGJac:NyD; olUpm;yGJa&mufonfü
]'gaomufNyD;...'gpm;vdkufuG? jyefNyD;tm;&SdoGm;rSmaygh}[k ajymvsuf uRefawmfhyg;pyfxJ
t&ufcGufudk Zufydk;udkifí twif;cGHUwdkuf\/ uRefawmfu BudK;pm;NyD; aomufvdkufjyef\/
pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf uRefawmfEdk;aomtcgü q&mBuD;tdrfrSm ESpfnajrmuftdyfNyD;
eHeufcif;jzpfav\/ q&mBuD;um; vrf;avQmufoGm;aeayrnf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfoljyef
vmatmif rae0HUawmhNyD/ trl;rajyao;aom uRefawmfhudk raeUuvdkbJ vlemaq;wkduf
ovdk twif;t&ufcGHUwdkufí jyefNyD;wkH;vkH;vJapawmhrnf/ uRefawmfaMumufNyD/
xdkUaMumifh....
rsufESmopfí uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmfrenf;plum at;at;wdkUom;trdawG EIwfqufNyD;
vpfcJU&awmh\/
pifppf uRefawmft&ufaomufaom &mZ0ifrSm ]ypfurDtyf}ac: nu trl;vGef vQif
aemufwaeUeHeuf xyfaomufaom tusifhuRefawmfhrSmr&SdcJU/ raeUu rsm;oGm;vQif
'DaeUreuf 0rf;EIwfjcif;om jyKavh&Sdonf/ ,ck olrsm;tdrfrSm 0rf;rEIwfEdkifbJ t&ufudk
xyfxyfomaomufrdojzifh 'ku©BuD;vSvSawGUavNyD/ uaygufxduaygufcsm ajcvSrf;wkdU
jzifh avQmufcJUí? yxrOD;qkH;awGUaom wuúpDESifh tdrfodkU'kef;pdkif;cJU&awmh\/ xdkUaemuf
3-&ufavmuf t&ufemusae\/
q&mBuD; r[maqGum;...aomufEdkifvSygayonf[k uRefawmfcsD;MuL;&\/
]aomfwmaqGwdkU aomufw,fqdkwm r[maqG&Dwmaygh}[k ajymxdkufyg\/ olonfreuf
vnf;aomuf? aeUcif;vnf;aomuf? naevnf;aomuf/ aomufvnf;aomuf? tpm;
vnf;pm;\/ 'gaMumifh q&mBuD;onf usef;rm0NzdK;\/ aomufonfhae&mwGif t&ufudk
Edkifol[k qdkEdkif\/ odkUaomfaomufNyD;awmh t&ufudk t&SLH;ay;&&Sm\/
taMumif;rSm wnoü q&mBuD; t&uftrl;vGefNyD; olUtdrfavSum;xufrS
aemufjyefvefus? orefwvif;ESifh aemufaphaqmifhrdí OD;aESmuftm&kHaMumjywfNyD;aoqkH;
&\/
oef;aqG
oef;aqGonf taomuf0gEkEk? toufi,fi,f? 38-ESpfESifh aoqkH;&\/
1947-ckESpf uRefawmfwkdU pwifoduRrf;pOfu oef;aqGonft&ufudk vkH;0
raomufwwfao;acs/ wifhw,fESifh uRefawmfaomufaevQif olueHab;rSxdkifí
tjrnf;pm;\/ aemuf wpwpESifh usdwfvmvdkufwm? 1953-ckESpfavmufrSm olt&ufudk
wrf;wrf;pJGjzpfvmNyD;? aornfhckESpfeD;vmaomtcgwdkUwGif ]ypfurDtyf}ac:eHeufyg
aomufonfhtusifhudk olvkyfvmawmhonf/
t&uform;wkdUonf eHeufyg aomufvmwwfNyDqdkvQif 'ku©bufodkU OD;wnfNyDqdk wmudk
owdjyKoifhonf/
nursm;oGm;ojzifh reufwGif xdkif;rIdif;aeí tenf;i,fxyfaomufvdkufjcif;jzifh
vef;qef;oGm;onfqdkonfrSm rSefygonf/ odkUaomf...þvef;qef;jcif;onf taumif;vef;
qef;jcif;r[kwf/ jyefvnrl;,pfaom trl;opfpjcif;yifjzpfonf/ 'Dtrl;uav;udk rjy,f
atmif cPcPtenf;i,fpD xyfxyfaomuf&jcif;jzifh waeUvkH; wpGwfpGwfaomufaom
tusifhudk jzpfvmapawmh\/ ,if;onft&ufudk t&ufuaomufjcif;rnf\/ vlu
raomufcsifvkdUvJ rae&awmh/ raomuf&vQifvufwkef ajcwkefjzpf\/ avtxufvSefí
acsmif;w[uf[uf wHawG;wjypfjypfjzpfvm\/ oef;aqGonf þtqifhrSmaooGm;\/
olonf 1964-ckESpf? {NyDv 14&ufaeUrSm aoqkH;onfjzpf&m? 13-&ufaeUnae rSm
uRefawmfhtdrfodkU a&mufvm\/ olUtdwfxJygorQ ydkufqHuav;awG xkwfjyí...
]'DrSm udkaqGBuD; uRefawmfhrSm 6usyfzJ&Sdw,fAsm? vdkwmcifAsm; jznfhAsm? uRefawmf wkdU
]o[m,}bm; oGm;aomuf&atmif}
xdkpOfü uRefawmfhtdrfrSm uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;&Sd\/ arwkdUom;trdawG awmifBuD;
jyefaeMu\/ udk,fhxrif;udk,fcsufpm;ae&\/ udk,fhvuf&SdaiGudk wGufae&\/ xdkUaMumifh
]a[h...oef;aqG..ighrSm aiGydkr&Sdawmhbl;uGm? 'DtcgwGif;rSm xrif;[if;csufpm;bkdU
avmufzJ&Sdawmhw,f? t&ufawmh tjzLbJtjynfhtpkH0,fxm;wm&Sdw,f? rif;vJ tJ'DtjzL
bJaomufyguGm...'DrSm oef;aqG&...'dkUvdktaumifawGu b,frSmaeUwdkif; &rfwkdUb&ef'DwdkU
aomufEdkifrvJuGm...}
'Dawmh oluRefawmfhudk bmrQjyefrajymawmhbJ tdrfay:uqif;oGm;í u&ifaqmf
'gwvkH;0,fNyD; jyefvm\/ oef;aqGonf uRefawmfhavmuf t&ufra&G;aomufEdkifol
r[kwfao;acs/ csufjzLudk...u&ifaqmf'gESifh a&mcsrnfjzpf\/
uRefawmfu...
]atmifrSm...rif; u&ifaqmf'grvdkygbl;uG? ighrSmtjzLeJUa&maomufzdkU rif;[m
xufaumif;wJU *&dwf*sKpf&Sdygw,fuG? rif;[mxm;vdkuf}
,ckwdkif trSwfw&xm;aom oef;aqG0,fvmonfh [dkacwfu yifrSnfhu&ifqdk'g ykvif;
olUtwdkif; uRefawmfhykvif;pifwGif &Sdaeao;\/
uRefawmfonf taomufESifhxrif; wGJpm;avh&Sdonfhtwdkif;...
]a[h...oef;aqG? rif;vJ...aomufNyD;? xrif;vJ tNyD;pm;vdkufayghuG? 0rf;Adkufqdkwm
jynfhoGm;&if udpöNidrf;wmbJ}
odkUaomf...ol[uf[ufyufyuf rpm;acs/ olUtmoDojynfhpkHykHray:yg/
uRefawmfu udk,fhtusifhtwdkif; t&ufESifhxrif;0atmif aomupm;NyD; wcgwnf;
tdyf&mxJwef;oGm;awmh ukwifay: olvdkufvmí eHab;rSm acwåxdkifaeao; \/
eufzefreuf oBuFefvnf&ef &kyf&Sifrif;om; udkxGef;a0wkdUvlpk olUudkvmac:rnfh
taMumif;ESifh uRefawmfhudkyg vdkufzdkUac:ao;\/ onfawmh uRefawmfu...
]ig...&efukefrSm aevmwmMumygNyDuGm? i,fi,fwkef;u &efukefoBuFef ujrif;aMum
xcJUbl;ygNyD? tckawmh igpdwfxJrSm aeylxJ t&ufaomuf&if; a&yufcHwm[m udk,fhudk,f
udk taES;eJUtjref a0'em&atmif zefwD;wmbJvdkU ,lqawmhw,fuG? igoBuFefwGif;rSm
tdrfxJu tdrfjyifawmif rxGufawmhbl;}
]udkxGef;a0wkdUu cifAsm;udkyg vmac:r,fwJU}
]rac:eJU...rac:eJU...rac:eJUvdkU ajymvdkufyg? a[h...wckawmh 'DvdkvkyfuGm? eufzef us
udkxGef;a0qDrSm aiG 300davmufawmif; rif;aomufcsifwJUt&ufykvif;eJU pm;p&m0,f cJU?
ighbdkUawmh bJuifwaumifuGm? igaomufwJUtcsdef nae5em&Davmuf a&mufatmif
vmcJUuGm odvm;...igapmifhaer,f}
olonf uRefawmfhAdkufay: apmiftacgufudk wifay;oGm;ao;\/ xdkpOfuRefawmf wkdUonf
udkxGef;a0ESifh tvkyf&Sd\/ uRefawmfu ]a&Tjynfawmfonf} 0w¬K (&efuif;&kyf&Sif
rSjyoNyD;)udka&;í? oef;aqGu ZmwfnTef;cJGae\/ onftwGuf uRefawmfu udkxGef;a0qD
u aiG 300d-awmif;cdkif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkUaMumifh aemufwaeU naerSm t&ufykvif;ESifh pm;p&mawG ,lvmrnfh oef;aqGudk
uRefawmfarQmfonf...arQmfonf...tdrfa&SUwuJuJxGufMunfhí arQmfonf/
odkUaomf...5 em&Dxdk;vJrvm? 6-em&Dxdk;vJ ra&mufawmh? udk,fhtdrfrSm &Sdwmav;
awGESifhbJ aomufpm;NyD;awmh olUarQmf&if;bJ tdrfatmufu uGyfyspfay:rSm wkH;vkH;vJae
&mrS tdyfaysmfoGm;av&m? acgif;&if;rS ]udkaqG...udkaqG..} ac:oHMum;í
Edk;awmh...udkxGef;a0&,f..../
uRefawmfuvl;vJxí...
]oef;aqGaum}
]a&epfvdkU....}
ol'gbJajymEdkifawmh\/
pifppf oef;aqGESifh q&mBuD;r[maqGwdkU awGU&ykHjcif;wlonf/
aemufaMumif; pkHprf;í od&onfrSm....oef;aqGonf uRefawmfhtdrfrS xGufcGmoGm; NyD;?
o[m,bm;0ifí olUaiG 6 bdk;uav;udk b&ef'Daomufao;onf/ xdkUaemuf urm
&Gwft&ufjzLqdkifBuD;rSm xdkpOfu refae*sm OD;vSazu olESifh&if;ESD;onfrdkU tjzLwvkH;
ta<u;qGJNyD; tdrfodkU ,loGm;ao;onf/
eHeufcif;ü udkxGef;a0wkdUvlpk vmac:awmh waeUvkH;a&yufcH&if; &rfudkaomufMu onf/
aeUvnfcif; tif;vsm;uef *sL;Aef;bufrSmoGm;í a&ul;Mu\/ odkUa&ul;&if;?
tif;vsm;uef [dkw,frSm olESifhoduRrf;aeaom rdk;ukwfom;rsm; t&ufaomufaeMuw,f
Mum;awmh? arNrdKUcspfaqGESifh avSavSmfí oGm;Mu\/ rdk;ukwfom;rsm; t&uf0dkif;rSm olwkdU
0ifíwG,fonf/
olESifhcifrifvSaom rdk;ukwfudkwifarmif tudkudkarmifarmif (,ckuG,fvGef)u
olUykHyef;Munfhí...]udkoef;aqG odyfrsm;aeNyD xifw,f}ajymawmh t&uform;wdkUxkH;pH?
t&l;udk t&l;ajymawmh rcHcsifovdk...
]rl;ygbl;As? ay;prf;cifAsm;wdkU t&uf}qdkNyD; rdk;ukwfom;rsm;aomufavhaomufx &Sdaom
a*smfeD0gum; bvufavb,fvfudk 3-yufavmuf wcgwnf;xnfh? qdk'gra&mbJ
wcsufwnf;armhNyD;? a[mfw,fxJuavQmuf? avSay:wufoGm;awmhqdkoudk;/
xdkUaMumifh oef;aqGonf? trl;vGefNyD; avSay:rSa&xJ us&jcif;jzpf\/ q&mBuD;
r[maqGvnf; trl;vGefNyD; avSum;ay:rS aemufjyefvdrfhus&jcif;jzpf\/
t&uform;wkdUwGif (1)vlut&ufudkaomuf? (2)t&ufu t&ufudkaomuf?
(3)t&ufuvludkaomuf[k okH;rsKd;&Sdonfhteuf q&mBuD;r[maqGESifh oef;aqGwkdUonf
t&ufu t&ufudkaomufaom umvrSmyif trl;vGefí aoqkH;&jcif;jzpf\/
pifppf t&ufudkBudKufrdí aomufMuNyDqdkvQif? yxrOD;qkH; eHywfwpf vlu t&uf udk
aomufaejcif;om aumif;yg\/ onfxuf ausmfvGefíum; raumif;awmhygacs/
odkU&mwGif t&ufudk pGJpJGNrJNrJ aomufvmawmh? EkysKd&mrS tdkrif;&ifha,mfjcif; aemufqkH;&Sd
acsNyD....qdkouJUodkU b,fawmhrS &yfwef;u &yfraeMuawmhbJ aemufqkH; ('kH)eHywf (3)odkU
qdkufoGm;wwfonfom jzpfacsonf/
wenf;Oyrmjy&aomf t&ufudk vluaomufaecsdefrSm orD;&nf;pm; b0ESifhwlyg \/
pmuav;ay;vdkuf? csdef;awGUvdkuf? b,favmufedyfoenf;/ odkUaomf...cifAsm;wkdU
uRefawmfwkdUonf ord;&nf;pm;b0ESifh b,frSm tm;&wif;wdrfjcif;&Sdygoenf;/ vifr,m;
b0a&mufatmif BudK;pm;vdkufMuwm? uJ..ckawmh odMuNyDr[kwfvm;[if/ orD;&nf;pm;
b0wkef;uvdk t&om&Sdao;&JUvm;/ om;r,m;wm0efxrf;&onf? xdkUtwlt&ufwm0ef
xrf;&onf/
t&ufc&D;eJU tcspfc&D;[m..tJovdk wlw,fcifAs/
orD;&nf;pm;b0[m cGmNyJ&ifvJNyJ? rNyJ&if nm;&w,fAs/
t&ufvJbJ aomufrd&if jyefjzwfEdkifjzwf? rjzwfEdkif&if a&SUquf<uNyDbJ/
]uJ....onfawmh tcspfc&D;qdkwmuawmhAsm (Oyrm EIdif;&wmyg) avmu"r®wm
jzpfoifhjzpfxdkufwJUvrf;pOfbJ/ vl&JU0wå&m;vlUavmu&JU tusKd;rsm;&m rsm;aMumif;bJ/
t&uf c&D;uawmh qufwD;av redyfavbJAsKdU/
'gaMumifh t&ufraomufwwfao;&if raomufzJ aebdkUeJU aomufwwfae&ifvJ
jyefjzwfzdkUeJU? rjzwfEdkif&ifvJ t&ufudkvlu aomufwJUtqifhrSmbJ &yfaebdkUtBuHay;vdk
ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tBuHay;wmu vGG,foavmuf aomufaeol tzdkUrSm? t&uftvGef
BudKufoltzdkUrSm &yfwef;u&yfzdkU cufw,fqdkwm? uRefawmfvJ udk,fawGUbJ odygw,f/
odkUaomf...(vdkufEdkif&if vdkufzdkUayghav) enf;vrf;wckudkawmh ajymjyEdkifygw,f/
q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;enf;
q&mBuD;onf t&ufaomufoljzpfaMumif; oludk,fwdkif0efcH a&;om;cJUbl;onf/ odkUaomf
q&mBuD;onf uRefawmfodcJUorQ touf80-ausmfonfwdkifatmif ]t&ufudk
vluaomufonf}qdkaom tqifhrSmbJ tNrJwrf;&SdcJUonf/ q&mBuD;onf t&ufudk
rl;csifí aomufonfr[kwf? pm;aumif;tdyfaumif;atmifom aomufoljzpfonf/
q&mBuD;aomufenf;rSm t&ufudk b,fawmhrStpm;ESifh cGmraomufay/ xrif; pm;cgeD;rS
t&ufudkaomuf\/ aomufNyD;&ifylí 0rf;Adkufu tpmudkawmif;vmaomtcg xrif;udk
tm;&yg;& pm;ypfvdkufavonf/
uRefawmfonf þenf;twdkif;bJ jyKusifhcJUygvsuf waeUxufwaeU? wvufxuf wv?
t&ufawG ydkydkaomufaomufvmrd\/ OyrmqdktHU/ yxrü wpdwfESifh xrif;Nrdef\/
tdyfaysmf\/ aemufwpwpESifh wydkif;a&mufvm\/ xdkUaemufwykvif;xdoGm;\/
raomuf&vQif avwysKdUysKdUjzpfvm\/ xrif;pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfcsifawmh/ ,if;onf
t&ufu t&ufudk awmif;vmaomtqifh/
q&mBuD;onf þtqifhudk ra&mufay? aeUwdkif;t&ufudk raomufívm;?
aomufvdkuforS? q&mBuD;t&ufraomufzJ xrif;pm;aomtcg[lír&Sd/ uRefawmfESifh
ESpf&Snfvrsm;twlaecJU? pm;cJU? aomufcJUbl;onf/
odkUaomfq&mBuD;\ xl;jcm;csuf avhusifhrIw&yf &SdonfrSm wcgwcgü olUudk,fol
cRef;tkyfí NcdK;NcHrIjzpf\/ olonfuRefawmfwkdUvdkbJaygh/ trsm;wum t&uform;awGod
Muonfhtwdkif; wpwp t&ufuav;ydkaomufvm? ydkaomufrSvJ tmoDoajyí
xrif;Nrdef? t&ufenf;ae&ifbJ pdwfxJw,f rMunfcsifawmh/
þtcsdefa&mufvmaomtcgü q&mBuD;onf olUwoufwm rSwfwrf;xJwGif
a&;cJUonfhtwdkif;? xrif;[if; pm;aumif;csifvkdUom t&ufaomufjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh
xrif;pm;jcif;udk &yfwefUavonf/
]a[h..rpdk;? igxrif;rpm;awmhbl;uG}
onftcgü q&mBuD;uawmf a':BuD;pdk;u xrif;[if;awG zG,fzG,f&m&mrcsuf awmh/
Al;oD;? a*:zD&Guf? rkHvmxkyf? rkHvmO? yJoD; ponfawGjyKwfNyDcifAsm/ 'Dawmh q&mBuD;onf
t&ufvJ vkH;0raomufawmhbJ? þtoD;t&GufjyKwfawGudkbJ iefjym&nfESifh
wkdUpm;avawmh\/
xrif;[if;pm;aeusolonf þrQESifhwif;rwdrfEdkifyg/ xdkUaMumifh q&mBuD;onf
olU0rf;AdkufqmvmvQif iSufaysmoD;pm;\/ vufzuf&nfMurf;aomuf\/ vufzufpm;\/
,if;odkUvQif oloDwif;wywfrQ rdrdukd,frdrd NcdK;NcHcsKyfwnf;rI jyKNyD;awmhrS rlvuvdk bJ
t&ufjyefaomuf\/ xrif;pm;[if;jyefpm;\/
pifppfawmh olUcE¨mudk,f\tm[m&"gwfcHudk ajymif;ypfvdkufjcif;jzpf\/ xdktcgrSm
olonf t&ufpaomufwwfcgp uav;uJUodkU t&uftenf;i,frQav;ESifh axGNyD;xrif;
[if;pm;aomufaumif;vS\/
]a[h tJvdkraomufzJ? xrif;rpm;bJNcdK;NcHaeNyD;awmhrS jyefNyD; aomufwmpm;wm [m
b,favmuf t&om&SdovJ/ t&ufvJbJ jyefNyD;taomufeJoGm;w,fuG? cE¨mudk,fvJ
oefUpifNyD; usef;rma&;twGufvJ aumif;w,f? rif; ighvdkvkyfMunfhprf;uGm}[k wdkufwGef;
bl;ygonf/
odkUaomf uRefawmfonf q&maumif;wynfh? yef;aumif;ryefcJUacs/ xdkUaMumifh
t&ufol&maMumwGif awmfawmfepfarsmcJUbl;yg\/ pmzwfol rdwfaqGudkomvQif
q&mBuD;vdk jyKusihfEdkifygu jyKusifhbdkUazmfjyjcif;jzpfyg\/
t&uform;rsm;omr[kwf/ aiGaMu;csrf;omí xrif;aumif; [if;aumif;awGESifh aeUpOf
pm;ae&ygvsuf Mumawmh NiD;aiGUtDvnfvmaomtcgü q&mBuD;enf; NcdK;NcHNyD;
tpm;ajymif;jcif;udk jyKMunfhoifhyg\/ armfawmfum;pum;ESifh ajym&aomf udk,fhcE¨mudk,f
udk tdkAma[mvkyfonf oabmayghcifAsm/
rdk;a0? armifMunfaqG? udka&Tarmif?
pmaye,frS t&ufaMumifh ysufpD;oGm;&aom vlrsm;pm&if;wGif olwkdUokH;a,muf udk
rxnfhírjzpfay/
,if;okH;a,mufrSm armifMunfaqGti,fqkH;jzpf\/ &Ir0wdkufodkU i,fpOfuxJu
a&mufvmNyD; pma&;q&mESifh t,f'DwmawGtMum; BuD;jyif;vmaom &Ir0NcHayguf
pma&;q&mav;jzpf\/
olUemrnf&if;u armifpef;cifjzpf&m? uavmifemrnf,lawmh oef;aqGESifh aomfwmaqG\
wynfhtjzpfESifh olUuavmifemrnfrSm ]aqG}xnfh,ljcif;[kajymbl;\/
udk,fhvlpmta&;tom;rSm aomfwmaqG oef;aqGwdkUavmuf tiftm;aumif; raumif;
awmh (olUtwdkoGm;í) rajymwwf&Sd&rnf/ aomuftm;rSmawmh q&mESpfyg;\ pHcsdefudk
csKd;jcif;jzifh toufi,fi,fuav;ESifh vlUb0u apmpD;pGmudpöacsmoGm;\/
armifMunfaqG\ taomufc&D;pOfwGif ]vlut&ufudkaomuf}rS ]t&ufut&uf
udkaomuf}blwmawGu jrefqefvGef;í aemufqkH;rSm olUtm; t&ufuaomufypfjcif;jzifh
cE¨ma<uoGm;&&Sm\/
olraorD vydkif;avmufu wm0gbm;rSm aemufqkH;awGUvdkuf&onf/ olUvkH;csif;
0w¬Kav;emrnf&pjyKí u&ruf? jrifheD? jrifhausmfwdkUESifhwGJum t&ufol&maMumrSm
epfarsmaeMuonf/ þpOfrSm olUtom;a&rSm ndKnpfNyD; rsufESmyGpdpdESifh azmif;tpftpfae
ykH Munfh&jcif;jzifh olUtm; t&ufaomufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; uRefawmfowdjyKrd\/ xdkrSrMum
rDyif t&ufyljyefí raeEdkifrxdkifEdkifjzpfojzifh a&udkMum&SnfpGm tat;pdrfcsKd;jcif;jzifh
tqkyfudk tat;rdNyD; aoqkH;oGm;aMumif; Mum;&\/
udka½Tarmif
tifrwef vlcspfvlcifrsm;aom aMu;rkHowif;axmufBuD;/ owif;,l"gwfykH&dkuf
tvGefaumif;onf/ olUudk,folt&ufu 'ku©ay;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; raorDu BudKwifod\/
olonft&ufaMumifh aq;&kHcPcPwuf&a&m? aq;&kHuwcg jyefqif;wdkif;
qifwdkif;t&ufraumif;aMumif;? olt&ufjzwfNyDjzpfaMumif; aMu;rkHowif;pmrSm
aqmif;yg;a&;avh&Sd\/
udka&Tarmifum; ]t&ufjzwfwm tvG,fav;yguGm? igt&ufjzwfwm tcgw&m
avmuf&SdNyD}qdkaom vlpm;rsKd;ygwnf;/ olaemufqkH;tBudrf aq;&kHwufaomtcgü aMu;rkH
wGif t&ufraumif;aMumif; aqmif;yg;a&;&ef olUtdrfodkU rjyefEdkifawmhacs/ &ifcGJ&kHodkUom
a&mufoGm;awmh\/ olUudk t&ufaomufypfjcif;jzpf\/
rdk;a0
uRefawmfha,mufzBuD;um; t&ufudktvGefBudKuf? rsKd;ESifh&dk;ESifhBudKuf? olUtaz vnf;
t&ufaMumifh ao&jcif;bJjzpf\/ ]arhtarESifh rdk;a0tazonf armifESrt&if;jzpf av&m?
arESifh uRefawmfnm;awmh rdk;a0trsKd;awGuvnf; uRefawmfhtrsKd;jzpfvmí olwkdU trsKd;xJ
0ifMunfhawmh atmifr,fav;Asm raomufwJUvl r&Sdoavmufyguvm;/ taomufBuD;ESifh
taomufuav;wkdUom jcm;em;\/ þaqGrsKd;xJuRefawmfa&mufjcif; onf
aumif;jcif;t*Fgw&yfjzpfayonf/ b,folurQ uRefawmft&ufaomufwmudk
tjypfajym&kHru b,ftdrfoGm;oGm; t&ufykvif;uawmh toifhbJ...[J...[J.../
rdk;a0onf t&uform; pma&;q&mawGxJü xl;jcm;csufw&yfrSm a[mfw,fwGif
t&ufxdkifaomuf&if; pma&;Edkifoljzpf\/ olUtaygif;toif;wodkufESifh ydkufqHr&SdbJ?
a[mfw,fxJ0if t&ufrSmaomuf&if; pma&;\/ olUpmtkyfwdkufESifhu wazmif
b,favmufEIef; pmrlay;aiGacs&Sdav&m? a&;NyD;orQudk olUwynfhatmifausmfu oGm;ay;í
aiG,lvmNyD;rS t&ufzdk;&Sif;&\/
rdk;a0onf tvGefpma&;Edkifoljzpfí pma&;Edkifoavmufvnf; t&ufaomufoljzpf \/
olUpmwrsufESmudk t&ufwcGufESifh wGufMunfhbdkUaumif;\/ aemufqkH;rSmwHawG; axG;&m?
aemufaz;oGm;&m aoG;awGygaeí toJZumjzpfNyD; tqkwfyJUaeNyD/ ausmufuyf wvkH;
raumif;awmh[k q&m0efuajymawmhrS t&ufjzwfrnf[k oluqdkonf/ olraorD
&ufydkif;rSm umwGef;atmif&SdefESifh uRefawmfvlemar;&ef olUtdrfa&mufoGm;onf/
ol\ajr;OD;uav;udkcsDvsuf uRefawmfwdkUESifh t&ufaomuf&if;bJ 'Dajr;uav;udk cspfvS
í ajr;uav;twGuf touf&Sif&ef t&ufjzwfawmhrnf[k ajymao;\/
odkUaomf olodyfaemufusaeNyD? rMumrDbJ t&ufu olUudk0g;rsKdypfvdkufav\/
odkU&mwGif t&ufuvludk 0g;rsKdaecJUNyDjzpfvsuf toufraoao;bJ ,ck&Sdaeao;
olum;....
wifhw,f(0g)udkaocJBuD;
þpmra&;rD 3-&ufavmufu olUtvkyfwdkufodkU uRefawmfa&mufoGm;\/ olaq;&kH
wvavmuf wufaecJU&NyD; jyefqif;cgpjzpfí uRefawmfuolUudkjrifvQifjrifcsif;.
]atmifr,fav;...oli,fcsif;&JU? raovdkU awGU&vJ ,JU,JUbJ&Sdygawmhvm;uGJU}[k
y#doE¨m&jyKvdkufawmh olUtoHu ajcmufuyfuyfBuD;jzifh...
]at;vuGm...q&m0efawG aumif;ayvdkUaygh oli,fcsif;&? ightpmtdrfxJu
azmufxkwfvdkufwmuGm? t&uf*sKd; uaZmfjrKyfawG wykvif;cGJavmuf&ouG}
]EdkUtck ukvdkUovdkUNyD;cJUNyDvm;? atmvfuvD,m jzpfNyDvm;...}
]tpmtdrfeJU tlawGudkawmh aq;aMumNyD;NyD 'gayr,fhudpörjywfao;bl;uG? tck ukowmudk
cPem;&wm? aemufrMumrD wHwm;av;rSm oGm;ae&OD;r,fwJUuG? q&m0efu ajymw,f...}
olonf þtBudrf oGm;&rnfqdkvQif wHwm;av; pdwåZaq;&kHodkU wwd,ajrmuf
jzpfacsNyD/
,cif pdwåZaq;&kHrS qif;wdkif;qif;wdkif;vnf; q&m0efawGu raomufygeJUawmh
raomufygeJUawmh ajymonf/ odkUaomf olraeEkdifcJU/ toufxuf t&ufudkckHrifouJUodkU
jzpfaeonf/
,ckolUudk uRefawmfawGU&mrSmvnf; olUcE¨mudk,fonf yDyD,JU,JUav;bJ/ t&dk;ay:
ta&wifvsuf? qHyifawGvnf; azG;aeonf/ ol\jyL;us,faom rsufvkH;BuD;rsm;onf
,cifuvdk rawmufyawmh/
,ck olvkyfaeaom r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwm cef;uvnf; usef;rma&;ESifh rnDnGwfyg/
tvGefusOf;usyf ydwfarSmifum olrsm;tdrf\ avSum;wufatmufxyfrSm aeUcif;jzpfvsuf?
rD;zGifhxm;rS tvif;a&mif&\/ tjyifu av0ifaygufvnf;r&Sd/ 'DusOf;usOf;uav;rSm
vl4-5a,mufae\/ onftxJ pmrl&Sif {nfhonfawGu vm vdkufao;/
tkd;...,cifu wifhw,fonf ,ck rwifhw,fawmhygwum;/ usef;rma&;vnf; raumif;/
pma&;q&mrusef;rmawmh pD;yGm;a&;vnf; tb,frSm aumif;awmhtHUenf;/
olESifh uRefawmfpum;ajymaevdkufMuwm nae 4em&Dausmfawmh ]uJcifAsm; tvkyf
rqif;ao;bl;vm;? oGm;MupdkU}qdkawmh...
]igrjyefEdkifao;bl;uG? vkyfom;owif;pmrSm [dkaeUuygwJU aqmif;yg;twGuf pmrlcav;
ESpfq,fudk ausmfnTefUrdk; oGm;awmif;cdkif;xm;w,f olvmygrSuG? rvm&if ightdrfeufzefcg
aps;bdk;r&Sdbl;? [D...[D..}
uRefawmfh&ifrSmqdkUoGm;onf/ wifhw,fonf vdrfnmjcif;? <um;0gjcif;uif;oljzpf\/
uRefawmfvnf; xdkaeUu pE´mrSm xdkvxkwfr*¾Zif;wGifygaom ]aAmhaAmhwifEdkif}0w¬K
twGuf pmrlcawmif;&if; oGm;jcif;jzpfa&m? tqifrajyao;í r&&SdcJUyg/
tu,fíom uRefawmfh0w¬Kbdk; pE´muay;aom aiG100d-&&Sdygu wifhw,fudk tpdwfawmh
ay;cJUrnfjzpfyg\/ ,ckawmh irGJudk ijymu ru,fEdkifacswum;/
wifhw,f\ b0c&D;vrf;udk Graph ac:o&kyfjyrsOf;aMumif; qGJrnfqdkygu twufjrifhjrifh
tusMurf;Murf;udk awGU&ayrnf/
olonf wifhw,f[k emrnfBuD;vsuf? vlBudKuftrsm;qkH;? jrefrmjynf\ xdyfoD;pm
a&;q&m jzpfcJU\/ xdkUaemuf t*FvefodkUoGm;um bDbDpDrSm tvkyfvkyfí 4-ESpfaecJU\/
udk,fydkifum;pD;cJU\/ ykHESdyfpufydkifqdkifcJUbl;\/ odkU&mwGif ypönf;Opömudkrufarmol r[kwf?
aiGaMu;udk rcifwG,f? &&okH;okH; aomufaomufpm;pm;ESifh aemufqkH;rSm &SdwmawG ukef\/
wifhw,f\ &NyD;aom atmifjrifrIawG qkH;½IH;&jcif;ESifh vlwGifta&;BuD;qkH;aom
ol\usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;&jcif;udk taMumif;&Smvdkufawmh olt&ufaomuf vGefuJrIw&m;cH
ay:vmavonf/
wifhw,fonf t&ufaomufMurf;\/ olESifh uRefawmfonf a[mfw,fawGrSma&m?
olUtdrfrSma&m? uRefawmfhtdrfrSma&m? tBudrfBudrfaomufcJUbl;\/ olrl;vmNyDqdkvQif
]armifaqG uD;vfo,fabmfw,f}[k ajymavh&Sd\/ t"dyÜm,frSm 'Dykvif;ukefatmif &Sif;ypf
[kqdkonf/ þykvif;ukefawmhaum NyD;owJUvm;? rNyD;yg aemufwvkH;zGifhNyD; ]uD;vfo,f
abmfw,fvf}vkyfjyefawmh\/
wifhw,fonf t&ufaomufNyDqdkvQif tjrnf;tenf;i,frSvJGí tpmrapm;awmh bJ
owdarh vJusoGm;atmifaomufavh&Sd\/ pifppf Kill the bottle udkwdkuf&dkufjyef
vQif? ykvif;udk owfypfvdkuf[k t"dyÜm,f&Sdaomfvnf; trSefu ykvif;uolUudkowfaejcif;
jzpf\/
armif;ruef urf;ajcwGif olESifhuRefawmfa&csKd;MupOfu ykvif;u olUudkowfcJU acsNyD/
oef;aqGaoouJUodkU aoawmhrvdkUaygh/
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwkdUonf oJaomifjyifwGif ykvif;awGcsí wykvif;NyD; wykvif;
aomuf&if; 'Da&vIdif;pD;Mu&m? aemufqkH;0,f olt&ufrl;vGef;í owdarhNyD; vIdif;atmuf
a&mufoGm;&um;? olaouH ra&mufao;ojzifh vIdif;jyefustoGm;rSm uRefawmfolUudk
a&xJwkH;vkH;vJaewm awGU&aomaMumifh tvsiftjref ajy;q,fvdkuf& \/
vufrwifuav;bJ uRefawmfhrsufpd tenf;i,f aemufusí aemufwcsD'DvIdif;BuD;
vmcJUrnfqdkvQif uRefawmfolUudk &atmif,lEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ olUudk uRefawmf
aomifjyifay: qGJwifcJUNyD;rS owd&atmif tawmfjyKpk,l&\/ xdkpOfu olaooGm;rnf
qdkvQif oef;aqGuJUodkUyif olUudk,foltoufxGufoGm;rSef;rS odvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
wifhw,f\pdwful;,Of
wifhw,fonf tifrwef pdwful;,Ofwwfol jzpf\/ olbdvyfu jyefvmcgpu
Advwfom; pdwful;,OfawG ygvm[efwl\/ azmfjyyg ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeNyDjzpfaom
armif;ruefu AdkvfwJ eHywfwpfBuD;udk uRefawmfwkdU þAdkvfwJrSm aeMupOfyif? ol2500d-
ESifh 0,fvdkuf\/ xm;0,fNrdKUay:oGm;í pmcsKyfpmwrf;awG vkyfvdkuf\/ xdkpOfrSm olonf
0w¬Krsm;omru ]tausmftarmf} ]zdk;NyKH;csKd}paom &kyf&SifZmwfñTef;awGyg atmifjrifae
ojzifh aiGawGazmjcif;aomjcif; &ae\/ ol\Zmwm wufaeqkH;tcsdefjzpf\/
'DAdkvfwJBuD; 0,fr,fqdkawmh uRefawmfu...
]cifAsm;Asm...'DysufpD;aewJU[mBuD; bmvkyfzdkUvJ? romBuD; 0,f,lwmeJU twlwl aygh....}
][..'DromBuD;u tarG&rSmarmifaqG&...}
]b,fvdk vkyf&rSmwkef;? 'DAdkvfwJBuD;atmuf ajrBuD;xJrSm&wemodkuf&Sdw,frsm;
tdyfruf&vdkUvm;...}
]rif;[mu ArmtawG;bJ}
]uJAsm...bdvyfu jyefvmcgp bdvyfom; tawG;ygvmwJUvlBuD;u ajymprf;ygtkH;..}
]bdvyfom; tawG;vdkU rif;ajymwmrrSm;bl;? igpdwful;&wmu 'DvdkuG}
]qdkprf;...}
olUrsufvkH;jyL;us,fus,fBuD;udk NzJwJUum....
]iguyxr 'DAdkvfwJa[mif;BuD;udk zsufypfvdkufr,f...}
]cifAsm;...rzsufvJ olU[mol NydKusaeygNyDAsm...}
]em;axmiftkH;av...aemufNyD;awmhrS 'DNcHxJrSm tJ'DvdktBuD;BuD;wvkH;xJ r[kwfzJ
i,fi,fvSvS acwfqefqefav;awG ig;vkH; ajcmufvkH;avmuf aqmufvdkufr,f}
]bk&m;...bk&m;..'Davmuf AdkvfwJawGaqmufNyD; cifAsm;u bmvkyfrSmvJ}
]iSm;pm;rSmayghuG...}
]atmifr,fav;...cifAsm;...AdkvfwJb,folu vmNyD;iSm;aerSmwkef;? usKyfawmhtck
vmrdwmawmif rSm;vSNyDxifaewm wuwJ aps;eJUa0;? vleJUoleJUa0;? pm;aomufukefaps;
EIef;uvJ BuD;yghAsm? ig;wckbJ wHigavSem;oGm;0,fvdkU aygwm&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh yifv,f
ig;awG uRefawmfawmh pmvdkUrBudKufaygifAsm? armif;ruefaps; oGm;0,fawmh Muufaps;?
0ufaps;uvJ BuD;ygbdoeJU? &efukefxufydkaewm b,fESdyfrvJAs}
olonf uRefawmfajymwmawG ayem;axmifaeNyD;aemuf...
]rif;ajymwmu 'DrSm tajcwusaebdkUtwGufzJ}
]at;av;...cifAsm;...AdkvfwJiSm;&r,fqdkawmh tajcwusraevdkU bmvkyfzkdUwkef;}
]r[kwfzl;uG? Oa&mywdkif;jynfawGu 'Dvdkqdyfurf;omawGrSm 'Dvdktdrfuav;awG
aqmufNyD; iSm;pm;Muw,f? veJUr[kwfzl;? w&ufb,favmuf? wywfb,faps;EIef;qdkNyD;
odyf0ifaiGaumif;wmuG}
]b,fvdkvlawGu vmiSm;aeMuwmwkef;}
]&kH;ydwf&uf a[mvD;a';&wJU vlawG? nm;pvifr,m; [efeD;rl;xGufwJUtcgrsKd;awG ayghuG}
]Oa&my wdkif;jynfawGawmh [kwfrSmayghav...usKyfwdkUArmjynfawmh cifAsm;AdkvfwJ rsKd;
vmiSm;aer,fh vlpm;rsKd;rjrifao;bl;}
]rxifeJUuG 'Dvdkyifv,furf;ajcrSm ususee taqmuftOD;eJU ae&mxdkifcif; aumif;w,f?
tdk;cGufyef;uef toifh&Sdw,fqdk&if cPwjzKwf tyef;ajzvmaecsifwJU
vlawGaygvmvdrfhr,f? tJ'gudkvJ owif;pmawGxJ aMumfjimawG&kyfykHawG xnfh&r,f?
rif;wdkUigwdkU pma&;q&mawGuvJ 0w¬KxJ xnfha&;ay;&r,f}
wifhw,fum; xdkpdwful;jzifh armif;ruefAdkvfwJ eHywfwpfudk0,fcJU\/ odkU&mwGif
olUpdwful; taumiftxnfray:cJUay/ ,if;pdwful;rsKd;udk atmifjrifpGm &kyfvkH;azmfcJUol
um; Armhacwf OD;tkef;cif-a':'*kefcifcifav;wdkUjzpfí iyvD?
iyvDonf armif;ruefxuf om,m\/ vSy\/ vlaetdrfajcvnf;&Sd\/ aps;ESifh
vnf;eD;\/ ,ckqdka[mfw,fvJ&Sd\/
odkU&mwGif wESpfwcg aEG&moDrSmom AdkvfwJwkdUwGif vliSm;vmolwkdU&SdMuonf/
tjcm;&moDrSm vlapmifhyifiSm;xm;&ojzifh wifhw,fpdwful;uJUodkU pD;yGm;jzpfzdkUum; rudkuf
acs/
jrefrmjynfum; vifr,m;nm;wdkif; [ef;eD;rl;rxGufMuyg/ rdrdtvkyfcGifrS
&uftm;&olwdkif;vnf; Oa&myrSmuJUodkU yifv,furf;ajcodkU roGm;Muacs/ jrefrmjynfrSm
vnfp&mzl;p&m? wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;awG aygrsm;vS\/ EdkUNyD; usKyfwdkUjrefrmjynfrSmu
wnf;cdk&ef a[mfw,frvdkay/ rdwfaqGnmwumwkdU&Sdae\/ r&Sdbl;bJxm;tkH;? bkef;BuD;
ausmif;awG? Z&yfawGu tqifoifhygbJ? Oyrm usKdufxD;&dk;bk&m; oGm;MunfhayghAsm?
wnf;p&mZ&yfawGESifh xrif;qdkifawGuvnf; olwkdUqdkifrSm xrif;pm;&ifbJ tdyfp&mae&m
ay;vdkufao;Asm/
'gjrefrmjynf\ *kPfygwnf;/
uRefawmfwdkUvifr,m;vJ bdvyfjyefcgp udkwifhw,faus;Zl;ESifh armif;ruef
yifv,furf;ajcodkU [ef;eD;rl; xGufcJU&? toGm;a&mtjyefa&mawmh roufombl;AsKdU?
tjyefu ydkqdk;vSonf/
[ef;eD;rl;\ed*kH;
uRefawmfwdkU [ef;eD;rl;\ ed*kH;udk tjyefrSm xm;0,fjrpfu armfawmfESifhxGufcJUNyD;
yifv,f0rSm rwef;oabFmudk BudKae&if;bJ tqkH;owfygr,f/
'DtjyefrSmawmh q&mwifhw,fu uRefawmfwkdUeJU rygawmhbl;? yifv,fa&aMumif;
oGm;raumif;bl;qdkwm tvmc&D;uwnf;u olodoGm;onfESifh a0[ifu av,mOfESifh
<uawmfrloAs/ *kPf0if;wdkU vlodkufuvJ xm;0,frSm usefcJUMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh tjyefrSm
wifhw,fnD armifMunf&,f? uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;&,fbJ/
tJAsm? yifv,f0rSm rwef;oabFmBuD; rvmcifnaecif; avjyif;rkefwdkif;BuD; usvdkufwm
uRefawmfwkdU armfawmfuav;[m vIdif;avxJ rarSmuf&kHwr,fbJ vl;vdkuf
vdrfhvdkufykHrSmawmh tvmwkef;u rwef;oabFmBuD; yifv,fxJ0ifawmh vIdif;'PfrcHbl;
vdkU rl;Muw,fqdkwm bmrQrajymyavmufawmhbl;? uRefawmfwkdU[ef;eD;rl;&JU ed*kH;[m
tefNyD;rl;wJU rcsdqkH;vdkU qdk&rSmbJ/
rdk;awGu&Gm vQyfppfawGu vufoeJU armfawmftvHwdkif xdyfzsm;rSmvJ yifv,fwdkU
xkH;pHtwdkif; vQyfppf"mwfuvmuyfaeawmh tJ'gudk wcsKdUrdef;rBuD;awGu yifv,fpkef;wJU
cifAs/ pm;csifaomufcsifvdkU vmuyf&Smw,fqkdNyD; acgpmauR;wJUvleJU? wdkifudka,mif;reJU
acgufoleJU/
tJonfvdk olwkdUpdwfxif 'gawGvkyfMuaomfvnf; rkd;oufavxJrSm vQyfppf"mwf [m
raysmufao;bJaeawmh? uRefawmfwkdUvli,f vifr,m;ESpfa,muf? u,ku,ifaeMu wm
yifv,fpkef;u rBudKufwJUtwGuf a&mufvmwmvdkU olwkdUu pGyfpGJMujyefw,fcifAs/
pifppfawmhvJ uRefawmfwkdU[m yifv,fxJrSm avjyif;rkefwdkif;xvdkU vIdif;uykwf
armfawmfu vIyfaeawmh nm;pvifr,m;bJAsm? 'DvdktjzpfuvJ rBuKHbl;awmh aMumuf
aMumuf½GHU½GHUeJU wa,mufwa,muf ayGUayGUzufzufeJU ,k,k,,aerdMuayghoAs/ 'gudk
olwkdUu apmapmuwnf;u rsufpdqHyifarT;plxm;Mu[efwlyg&JU? tckavjyif;rkefwdkif;x
wm[m yifv,fpkef;aMumifh olrBudKufwmudk olUydkifeufxJrSm uRefawmfwkdUu jyKrdvdkU
tm;vkH; touftEå&m,fawG pdk;&drf&wJU tajca&mufaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUu
taetxdkif qifjcifum awmif;yefoifhw,fvdkU rdk;xJavxJ'ku©xJrSm olwkdUu uRefawmf
wkdUudk w&m;cHvkyfaeMuao;oAsm/
olwdkUbmbJ ajymaeMuaeMu? uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufrSmawmh wkH;vkH;vJaeMuNyD/
olwkdUajymwmem;u Mum;ayrifhvdkU vlawGu rvIyfEdkifMuawmhbl;/
pifppfyifv,f\ &moDOwk tHUMobG,faumif;onfum;? rdk;BuD;vJ&Gmaeonf/ avjyif;vJ
wdkufaeonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwudk,fvkH;rSm &TJ&TJpdkaeonf/ udk,furdk;aygufawG u
wazmufazmuf rSefaeonf/ odkUaomf at;jcif; csrf;jcif;r&SdbJ armfawmfudk yifv,f
vIdif;u ykwfawmh jrifhoGm;vdkuf edrfhqif;oGm;vdkuf ykcufudkvGJay;onfhES,f tdyfíaumif;
vdkufwmav/ eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufí aejcnfjyjyrSm &moDOwkuvnf; Nidrfouf
vdkU uRefawmfwdkU &TifysMunfvifpGm tdyf&mrSEdk;Muawmh rwef;oabFmBuD;onf uRefawmf
wdkU armfawmfteD;rSm a&mufaeacsNyDwnf;/
tcPf;(3)
uRefawmfESifhq&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;
NyD;cJUaom tcef;(2)a&;pOfu Zlvdkifv twGif;jzpf&m q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;enf;}[lí
q&mBuD; t&ufaomufykH aomufenf;ESifh rMumcPtpm;tpm NcdK;NcHenf;wkdUudk a&;pOfu
q&mBuD; ruG,fvGefao;/ q&mBuD;yg olUtaMumif;ol zwfpdrfhaomiSm &nf&G,fygonf/
odkUaomf zwfroGm;&&Smawmh? Mo*kwfv 10&ufaeU n7-em&DrSm vlBuD;a&m*gjzifh
vlwb0 Zmwfodrf;oGm;avNyD/
rEåav;rS &Ir0odkU? &Ir0rS uRefawmfhtdrfteD;&Sd udkazodef;tdrfodkU w,fvDzkH;quf jcif;jzifh
xdkn 9-em&DavmufrSmyif q&mBuD;uG,fvGefaMumif; uRefawmfodygonf/ odkU&m wGif
tavmif;ajrrcsrD uRefawmfrEåav;odkU oGm;&efum;? vm;vm;rQpdwfrul;Edkifyg/
aemuf 3-4&uftwGif; uRefawmfhudk awGU&SdMuaom pmaye,fu vlrsm;uvnf;
]tif;..cifAsm;q&mBuD;qkH;wm rEåav;udk roGm;bl;vm;}[k ar;Muygonf/ tcsKdUolwkdU
rsufESmü tHUMoaom t&dyfta&mifrsm;yif ay:Muygonf/ (,cka':BuD;pdk;qDu pm&awmh
rEåav;u rdwfaqGrsm;uvnf; arQmfMuaMumif; od&ygonf/) q&mBuD;ESifh tcspfcifqkH;
aom t&if;ESD;qkH;aom q&mBuD;\ om;wynfh[k wdkif;odjynfod aMunmxm;aom
uRefawmfu 'Dq&mBuD;&JU tokbudkrS roGm;bl;qdkawmh tHUMoolwkdU tHUMoxdkufMuygay
onf/ uRefawmfroGm;EdkifonfhtaMumif;um; uRefawmfhwGif &Sdaeyg\/ onftaMumif;
pOf;pm;vdkufawmh q&mBuD;udk uRefawmfyxrOD;qkH;tBudrf awGU&pOfwkef;u tcgumv
onf jyufjyufxifxif ay:vmygbdawmhonf/
1946-ckESpf? arvxJwGif uRefawmfharG;ozcif\ pDrHay;csuft& qeftdwf 200-
ESifhaygif;wnfNrdKUrS rEåav;NrdKUodkU oGm;&awmhrnfqdkaomtcgwGif uRefawmfh&ifxJrSm
w'dwf'dwf ckefavmufatmifyif 0rf;omvSygonf/ qefukefonfBuD;jzpfí vlcsrf;omvm
awmhrnf rdkUvm;wJU? r[kwfa&;cs r[kwf? uRefawmfjrif;vSnf;orm; b0uyif? &efatmif
&wempkHaxmuf0w¬Kudk txyfxyftcgcga&;&if;? MunfhjrifwdkifrS A[ef;odkU tvkyfoGm;
aom ol&d,OD;odef;armiftm; uRefawmfhjrif;vSnf;ESifh BuKHwdkif;tvum;wifvsuf
q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; taMumif;udk ar;jref;avh&Sdonf/ q&mBuD;onf rEåav;om;/ ppfjzpf
onfESifh tnmodkU jyefoGm;onf/ xdkrSwzef ,ckppfNyD;acwfrSm rEåav;vlxkowif;pmwGif
t,f'Dwm vkyfaeaMumif; od&ojzifh {uEå rEåav;a&muf&ifjzifh igMunfndKaewJU
q&mBuD;udk igawGU&awmhrSmbJ? igh&efatmif&wem pkHaxmuf0w¬Kav;udk q&mBuD;jy&
awmhrSmbJ[k wtm;cJcJ &Sdaejcif;aMumifh tESpfESpftvvu arG;jrLcJUaom qE´jynfh0
awmhrSmrdkU woufrS wcgpDom BuKH&wwfaom 0rf;omrIrsKd;udk uRefawmfcHpm;&jcif;jzpfyg
\/
rEåav;a&mufw,fqdk qeftdwfawGudk yGJ½kHrSmtyfNyD; tcGifhomonfESifh vlxk
owif;pmwdkufudkoGm;? ppfNyD;acwfrSm q&mBuD;\ yxrOD;qkH;xkwfaom ]tBuHOmPfjzifh
BuD;yGm;a&;}pmtkyf? puúLtcuftcJaMumifh (&av&m)a&mifpkH pm&GufawGESifh y-'-w 3tkyf
cGJ&dkufxm;onfudk 3d-pDESifh0,f? a&mif;oltrsKd;orD;tm; q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; ,ck
b,frSmaeovJ ar;..../
xdkpOfu touf 30 rQcefUrSef;&aom trsKd;orD;cyfacsmacsmum; vlxka':trmbJ
udkcifAs/ q&mBuD;\ a*[mudk aocsmpGmbJ nTefMum;vdkufyg\/
xdkUaMumifh q&mBuD;\ woufwm rSwfwrf;xJwGif uREkfyf\wynfhrsm;tcef;ü...
1/ aomfwmaqG
1946-ckESpfwGif 0ufvufrSrEåav;odkU ajymif;vmcJUí "g;wef;&yf? 0if;armif\ tdrfü
rSDcdkvsuf&SdpOf? waeUaomeHeufü vli,fwa,muf a&mufvm\/ uREkfyfonf olUudk
wBudrfrQ rjrifbl;onfhjyif ol\ udpöudkvnf; rcefUrSef;wwfonfESifh
tef;wef;wef;jzpfum ae&mxdkifcif; ay;av&m? oluvnf; &Jwif;aom trlt&mr&SdbJ
cyfwGHUwGHUESifhyif 0ifí xdkif\/ uRefyfu udpöudkar;aomtcg olu 0w¬Kwyk'f
a&;om;xm;aMumif; ¤if;udk uREkfyfu Munfh&Ijyifqifay;apvdkaMumif; ajymavonf/
tvkyftudkif? ae&yf? touft&G,fponfwdkUudk ar;jref;um pum;tenf;i,f
ajymMuNyD;aemuf uREkfyfu ol\pmrludk,lcdkif;vdkuf\/ aemufwacgufvmaomtcg
zdk;usifarmifonf pmrluav;ESifhtwl qefwtdwfvnf; ,lvm\/ tcsdeftwefukefaom
tvkyfudk vkyfay;&vQif vkyfc&csifaom uREkfyf\ 0goemudk0efcHí qeftdwfudkjrif&jcif;
aMumifh &kwfw&uf 0rf;omovdkvdk jzpfrdaomfvnf; þqeftdwftwGufaMumifh nHUzsif;
aom pmrlwckudk aumif;onf[k rajymrdapzdkU vdktyfjcif;udkvnf; owd&onfESifh
qeftdwfudk &dk;om;pGm jiif;y,frdygao;onf/ odkU&mwGif zdk;usifarmifu ]OD;BuD;
pm;&atmif apwemESifh ay;jcif;jzpfygonf}[k owif;ay;onfESifh vufcHvdkuf&\/
uREkfyfonf ol\pmrludk zwfzdkUtcsdefr&ao;aomfvnf;? zdk;usifarmif cPcPvmí
pum;ajymonfESifh pmrltaMumif; rod&ao;apumrl vludkrlum; wkd;íwdk;í oabmus
vmavNyD/ uREkfyfwckowdjyKrdonfum; zdk;usifarmifonf txifBuD;cHcsifí 0ifh<um;um
[dwfxkwfwwfaom vli,fwa,mufr[kwf? &dk;&dk;uav;wifjywwfolwa,muf
jzpfonf[k uREkfyftuJcwfrd\/ þtcsufonf olESifhuREkfyfa&SUtzdkUwGif Mum&Snfav;jrifh
qufqHí jzpfEdkifrnfh vli,fwa,mufjzpfaMumif; nTefjy\/
,if;um; q&mBuD;bufu uRefawmfhtay: tjrifjzpfí uRefawmfhbufu q&mBuD;tm;
Munfh&IcJUykHudkvnf; ,cktvsOf;oifhcdkufí azmfjy&ayawmhrnf/
"g;wef;&Sd aq;&kHtvkyform;rsm; uGmwma&SUü &xm;vkH;&yfapvsuf? uRefawmf
jrif;vSnf;ay:u qif;í? q&mBuD;emrnfudk ar;onfü? twGif;uxGufvmolrSm
a':BuD;pdk;jzpfyg\/
]q&mBuD; &Sdygw,f vmyg}[k ac:oGm;í twGif;odkU a&mufaomtcg? q&mBuD; onf
uRefawmf0ifaombufrS ab;wdkufcyfapmif;apmif;? a[mif;jrif;í nHUzsif;aom
pm;yGJukvm;xdkifESifh pma&;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ pkHaxmuf0w¬Ka&; q&mBuD;ESifh
pkHaxmuf0w¬Ka&;q&m jzpfcsifaewJUvlbJ? uRefawmfvJ aocsmpGmMunfh&Iwwfonfaygh/
xdkpOfu q&mBuD;\azmifwdefum;? tJAm;&Syf taumif;pm; rifvkH;tBuD;ti,fvkyfí
&aomuvpfuav;ESifh/ q&mBuD;pma&;ykHrSm azmufwdefudkvufnId;ESifh vufcv,fMum;
nSyfonf/ aemifrSm od&onfum;? vufnId;vufrMum; temjzpf&mrS tusifhygoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefü q&mBuD;onf pma&;q&mb0udk jyefvnfxlaxmifcgp? pD;yGm;a&;tm; jzifh
rjynfhpkHao;/ rsufrSefb,fbuf*dkif;onf usKd;aeí *dkif;jywfrSm csnfxm;aomBudK;ESifh
em;&GufrSm &pfywfxm;&onf/ q&mBuD;vufxJü rjywfqkyfudkifxm;wwfaom aq;wH
t&dk;rSm usKd;NyD; jyefwyfjzpfí wdkae\/ aq;tdk;uvnf; a[mif;jrif;í rGJajcmufygbd/
aq;wHudkufaom ae&mrSmvnf; atmufzufuaygufae\/ vufzuf&nfMurf;tdk;u
vnf; ajrtdk;rS EIwfoD;yJUBuD;/ ,ckyif uRefawmfhrsufpdxJ jrifa,mifrdao;onf/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf yxrtacgufrSm q&mBuD;\ tajctaeudkMunfhNyD;
'kwd,tacgufrSm qefwtdwf,loGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfh0w¬Kav;udkMunfh&Iay;&ef
[lír&nf&G,fyg/ pmaytm;jzifh uRefawmftifrwef MunfndKav;pm;aeaom q&mBuD;
tm; udk,fwwfEdkifaeaomtcgü uRefawmfþrQru ylaZmfuefawmh&ef apwemxm;NyD;
jzpfygonf/ odkUtwGuf uRefawmf qefukefonfb0 aygif;wnfESifh acgufu,fjyefu,f
ul;oef;í rEåav;wGif &SdaepOf tcGifhoihforQ q&mBuD;tdrf oGm;wdkif;oGm;wdkif;
pm;aomufzG,f&mawG rjywfaqmifusOf;cJUygonf/ aeUv,faeUcif;rSm aomufzdkUqdkvQif
bD,m? naetwGuf b&ef'D? 0DpuD xdkpOfuufpfbDacwfjzpfí taumif;pm;csnf;/
q&mBuD;ESifh uRefawmfonf t&ufuav;wjrjraomufí xrif;[if;aumif; BudKufykH
csif;wlnDvSonf/
xdkpOfü uRefawmfrSm (uomoGm;cgeD;) q&mBuD;\woufwm rSwfwrf;wGif
ygonfhtwdkif; (uREkfyfonf jrpfqdyfodkUqif;í olUudkEIwfquf&if; olaX;om;uav;ay
avm[k rk'dwmjzpfrdygao;onf)[k qdk&avmufatmif aiGaMu;udk azmazmoDoD okH;Edkif
oljzpfyg\/
,if;acwfu t*FvdyfaiG okH;av;aomif;rsm; wcgw&H aygif;wnfodkUjyefydkU&ef
tpdk;&aiGwdkuftcsdefrrDawmhí txkyfvdkufq&mBuD;\ tdyf&may:ypfwifvdkufum ]OD;BuD;
uRefawmfeufzefrS vm,lawmhr,f}[k ajymvdkufaomtcgwkdUwGif q&mBuD;u ]a[h
rif;aiGawG 'dkUokH;vdkuf&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJuG}[k ajymaomtcg uRefawmfu &uf&uf
a&ma&mBuD; ]OD;BuD;oabm&Sd}
xdkUaemuf uRefawmfuomujyefa&muf? zGwfjzpfNyD; pma&;q&maomfwmaqG b0
a&mufvmaomtcgü (þtcsufonf olESifhuREkfyfa&SUtdkUwGif Mum&Snfav;jrifh qufqHí
jzpfEdkifrnfh vli,fwa,mufjzpfaMumif; nTefjy\)[k q&mBuD;a&;cJUonfhtwdkif;yif
q&mBuD;ESifh uRefawmfonf rEåav;rSmvnf;aumif;? arNrdKUrSmvnf;aumif;? &efukefrSm
vnf;aumif;? Budrfzefrsm;pGm wtdrfwnf;twl (q&mBuD;tdrfrSm)aecJUbl;ay&m? aemufqkH;
cGJcGmvdkuf&onfuawmh q&mBuD;onf vkyfom;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyftvkyfrS xGufí
qif;'0pfvrf;? &Ir0wdkufa&SU&Sd tpdk;&wdkufcef;BuD;rS rEåav;NrdKUodkU
ajymif;a&TUoGm;onfwGif jzpfygawmh\/
,if;odkUjzifh q&mBuD; tedpö a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfrEåav;odkUromydkU roGm;
Edkifawmhonfum;? uRefawmftm; (&dk;&dk;uav; wifjywwfol)[k q&mBuD; a&;cJUonfh
twdkif; uRefawmfrSef&mudk ajym&vQifjzifh q&mBuD;aoqkH;NyD[k od&aomtcsdefrSm eufzef
reuf? uRefawmfhtdrfaxmiftwGuf qefbdk;rQ cJ,Of;aeaomaMumifhyg cifAsm;/
Munfhprf;yg OD;BuD;&,f...(OD;BuD;ajymcJUwJUtwdkif; OD;BuD;vm;&m jA[®mbkHubJaeNyD; 'Dpmudk
&Iygawmh/) OD;BuD;eJU uRefawmf pwifawGUpOfu OD;BuD;u rvdkcsifygbl;qdkwmawmif rS
uRefawmfokH;wif;0if qeftdwfBuD;udk twif;ay;cJUw,f/ tckOD;BuD;qkH;wJUtcsdefusawmh
vuf&Sd qefaps;eJU? uRefawmfh tdrfaxmif vl9a,mufpmtwGuf reufzefqefbdk;rQ cJ,Of;
aeygaomaMumifh OD;BuD;tokbudk uRefawmfrvmEdkifawmhygbl;cifAsm;..../
'gayr,fhvdkU &uftenf;i,f twGif;rSmbJ uRefawmfBudK;pm;yrf;pm; aiG&SmNyD;awmh
Mo*kwfv 25 &ufaeUu...
a':BuD;a&U....
cktcsdefrS uRefawmfvmvdkUvJ taMumif;rxl;awmhygbl;? onfawmh uRefawmf vmvdkU
ukefr,fhp&dwfudk a':BuD;udkbJuefawmhvdkufygw,f/ qdkNyD; uRefawmfpmwdkufuae NyD;
a':BuD;pdk;qDudk aiGw&m ydkUvdkufygw,f OD;BuD;a&..../
vGrf;qGwf owd&pGmESifh....
b0\ 'ku© okc/
1955-ckESpf? arESifhuRefawmf udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrf xlaxmifMuaomtcg uRefawmfh
rSefwrf;0ifaiGrSm &Ir0wGif 0w¬Kwdkwyk'f 300d-t[du@twGuf 300d? aygif; 600d-rS
,ciftdrfaxmif\ uav;p&dwf 250d-ay;í usefaiG 350d-rSm vifudk,fr,m;ESpfa,muf
xJaumif;aumif;BuD; okH;Edkifpm;Edkifygonf/ tjcm;r*¾Zif;rsm; a&;EdkifvQifvnf; tydk0ifa0G
&ao;onf/
xdkpOfu ukefaps;EIef;rsm;vnf; rBuD;rm;Mu/ ig;cl? ig;&HUESpfusyfcJG okH;usyf/
taumif;pm;ig;jrif; ig;Muif; ykZGefxkyfBuD;rsm;rS 5-usyf? Muuf-0uf-bJ-qdwf 5-usyf
ywfvnf? qDwydóm ESpfusyfcGJ/ ykH;vkH0,fEdkifvQif 24-usyf? q,fydómru tydkwGufvJ
&ao;onf/ ykH;cGHvJ&ao;onf/ tdk...tJonfwkef;u qDykH;cGH? a&eHykH;cGHqdkwmrsm; pum;xJ
xnfhajymraeMu/ MuufoGef tmvl; wydóm jym; 50-60/ &moDtavsmuf tvGef&Sm;
csdefrSjym; 70-80/ qeftaumif;pm; pyg;euf iuRJwwif; q,fhav;ig;usyf/ aumufopf
ay:cgeD; &Sm;yg;qkH;tcsdefrS 16d-17d/ wwif;,lvQif t&yfxJu ukefpkHqdkifrS tdrfay:
ta&mufvmydkU\/ EdkUqDoMum; ig;aowåmum; azmjcif;aomjcif;/ t0wftxnftwGuf
vnf; jyóemr&Sd/ uRefawmfhvkyfief;uvnf; aomfwmaqGa&;orQ ,lyg&apqdkaom
xkwfa0olawG toifh&SdaeMu\/
,if;odkUaom 0ifaiG? ,if;odkUaom acwftcgü arESifhuRefawmf nm;cJUMuav&m
pdwful;,Oftaysmfzwf 0w¬KrsKd;jzpfygrl olwdkUESpfa,muf ESpf&Snfvrsm; &nf;pm;xm;NyD;
aemuf cufcufcJcJawGU&ef zefwD;ay;vdkufNyDubJ/ ]arESifharmif}onf oufqkH;wdkif
aysmf&TifpGm aygif;oif;Muavownf;}[k tqkH;owfvdkufEdkifyg\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdU\ wu,fhb0um; ajrSmfvifhcsufBuD;pGmaom orD;&nf;pm; b0rS
vGefajrmufí 'ku©\tprQ &Sdao;\/
uRefawmfonf yxrtdrfaxmifwkef;u yxrt&G,f\ 'ku© ,ck'kwd,tdrfaxmif wGif
'kwd,t&G,f\'ku©abmifudk 0if&avNyD/
b0&SdorQum; 'ku©&Sd&rnf/ okcaum r&Sdbl;vm;wJU/ &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf þokc
qdkonfum; b0'ku©xJwGif acwårQ ay:vmwwfaom em;ae&m pcef;uav; rsm;wnf;/
Oyrmqdk&aomf uRefawmfwkdUonf c&D;&SnfoGm;MurnfqdkvQif tdyfpufaeem;&ef pcef;rsm;
&Sd&ayrnf/ b0c&D;xJrS okconf þtyef;ajzpcef;uav;ESifhomwlayonf/ Opömypönf;
qif;&Jcsrf;omra&G; vkyfief;BuD;i,fr[l? olUb0c&D;rSm olU'ku©ESifh olUokcESifhom jzpfacs
onf/ olawmif;pm;rSmvnf; olawmif;pm;\'ku©ESifh olawmif;pm;\okc&Sd\/ olaX;rSm
vnf; olaX;\'ku©ESifh olaX;\okc&Sd\/
olaX;\ 'ku©okcESifh olawmif;pm;\ 'ku©okcwkdUonf ykHpHcsif;awmh rwlMuacs/ odkUaomf
cHpm;rIuawmhtwlwlbJjzpf\/ Oyrmav;ig;&mwef pm;aomufyGJBuD;ESifh olaX;
BuD;xrif;Nrdefjcif;onf jym;av;ig;q,fbdkESifh olawmif;pm;xrif; Nrdefjcif;ESifh
rjcm;em;yg/ avat; pufcef;wGif tdpufnufanmaom zJarGU&may:ü olaX;BuD;
tdyfaysmfaejcif; onf vrf;ab;yvufazmif;ay:ü olawmif;pm;tdyfaejcif;ESifh rjcm;yg/
vlwa,muf pm;aumif;wmcsif;? tdyfaumif;wmcsif; twlwlbJ jzpfyg\/ pm;r0if
tdyfraysmfwmcsif;vJ twlwlbJjzpfyg\/
,if;odkUvQif vlwef;pm;toD;oD;wkdUonf udk,fhb0wGif udk,fh'ku©udk,fhokcawG
waxGaxGESifh udk,fhb0udk,f ckHrifaeMujcif; jzpfMuygukefownf;/
uarÁmZc&D;
vGefcJUaom 1955-ckESpf aEG&moDwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf armif;ruefodkU oGm;cJUMu NyD/
,ck 1956-ckESpf aEG&moDrl ar\ZmwduarÁmZXmeD awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf awmifBuD;NrdKU odkU
oGm;&ef pDrHMuonf/
awmifBuD;wGif ar\aqGrsKd;rdbrsm; &SdMuaomfvnf;? xdkpOfu aronf &efukefodkU
ausmif;oGm;aepOf ynmroifrlí Muif,mwvif,lol uRefawmfhtm;om;r,m; &SdvsufESifh
azmufjym;um aemufwr,m;,lol[k vlqdk;pm&if;wGif wifoGif;xm;Muí uRefawmfwkdUudk
vufoifhrcHMuao;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf awmifBuD;rSma[mfw,fwGif wnf;cdk&rnf/
okdUr[kwf tdrfwvkH;iSm;ae&rnf/ xdkUaMumifh þc&D;twGuf aiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; vdkjyef
avonf/
odkUaomf xdkpOfu aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk uRefawmfrrIyg/ aomfwmaqG bkef;rD;aev
awmufyaecsdefjzpfí pmtkyfwdkufwckckwGif uRefawmfh0w¬K&SnfvkH;csif; b,favmufwef
a&ay;rnf/ p&HaiG tckb,favmufay;yg[lí awmif;,lEdkifonf/ xdkUtjyif xdkpOfrSm
jr0wDr*¾Zif;wdkufu aomfwmaqGvdkvQif BudKwifaiG 500d-wdwd aiGpm&if;Xmeuxkwf
ay;yg? onfxufydkvQif txufodkU taMumif;Mum;yg[laom trdefU&Sdaeonf/ odkUaomf
þaiGay;NyD; pmrlwiifiif awmif;cHaernfhaiGrsKd;udk uRefawmfrvdkcsifyg/ p&H,laom
tusifhvnf; uRefawmfhwGifr&Sdyg/
xdkUaMumifh 0w¬Kwyk'fxJESifh aiGeifhueJaeatmif&aom &kyf&Sifbufudk uRefawmf vSnfhonf/
,if;umv0,f uRefawmfhtdrfuav;odkU vma&mufaomufpm;aysmfyg;aeMuolrsm; xJwGif
xdkacwfuatmifaZ,s&kyf&Sif ukrÜPDydkif&Sif OD;aomif;pdefvnf; yg0ifav&m wnaecif;ü
aomufMupm;Mu&if;...
]udkaomif;pdef cifAsm; uRefawmfhqDu &kyf&Sif&dkufzdkU 0w¬KZmwfvrf;wyk'f rvdkcsif bl;vm;}
udkaomif;pdefu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJjzifh...
][m...wyk'fru vdkcsifwmayghAsm? cifAsm;u pma&;q&m? uRefawmfu &kyf&kyfxkwf vkyfol?
udkaqGUudk uRefawmfaygif;awmh tJ'D &nf&G,fcsufvJ ygwmayghAs}
]'gjzifh uRefawmftck Zmwfvrf;wyk'f ajymjyr,fav? BudKuf&ifp&HaiGwaxmifay; yg?
rBudKufao;&if aemufwyk'fajymjytkH;r,f}
udkaomif;pdefu ]tdkau}[kqdkvdkufí usefvlrsm;uvnf;
][m...[efuswmbJ? usKyfwdkUvJ t&ufaomuf&if; 0w¬KZmwfvrf; em;axmif& awmh
Zdrfaygh}
þyGJwGif zqyv trwfvkyfcJUbl;ol OD;aX;<u,fESifh yrnwtrwf jzpfcJUbl;ol
OD;uHnGefU (qdwfjzL)vJygayonf/
,if;odkUjzifh uRefawmf&kyf&Sif &dkufEdkifatmif wrif&nf&G,fí pdwful;xm;aom
Zmwfvrf;wyk'fudk ajymjy&m em;axmifoltm;vkH;vnf; BudKufí udkaomif;pdefvnf;
tvGefoabmusum....
]BudKufNyD-BudKufNyD-udkaqGeufzef uRefawmfaiGwaxmif,lcJUawmhr,f}
udkaomif;pdefudk aiGta&;wBuD;awmif;&wm uRefawmftm;emygw,fAsm a[m'D rt0Smu
awmifBuD;jyefNyD; aEG&moDwvavmuf aecsifw,f ajymaevdkUAs}
][m...aEG&moDawmifBuD; aumif;wmayghASm/ cifAsm;wdkUoGm;ESifh? uRefawmfawmif
vmEdkif&ifvmcJUtkH;r,f? aiGtwGufawmh pdwfcs? eufzef uRefawmf,lcJUr,f? uJ..cifAsm;wkdU
oGm;bdkUom pDpOfMuaya&mh}
xdkpOfu &kyf&SifxkwfvkyfolESifh 0w¬KZmwfvrf;wGif bmjyóemrQ r&Sdacs/ udk,fBudKuf&m
Zmwfvrf; udk,fhoabmtwdkif; &dkufaya&m/ xdkUaMumifh pma&;q&m wa,muftzdkUvnf;
udk,fhZmwfvrf;twGuf bmtcuftcJrQr&Sday/ vdkcsifolBudKufvQif udpöNyD;ae\/
t*Fvdyfjy'óg;
uRefawmfwkdU c&D;xGuf&ef jyifqifNyD;MuonfrSm {NyDvqef; xdkpOfu zqyv tpdk;&ESifh
aomif;usef;ola&mifpkHwdkUacwfjzpfí rD;&xm;vrf;wkdUonf aeUomarmif;0HUvsuf nrSm
pdwfrcs&/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUonf av,mOfysHESifhoGm;Mu&ef pdwful;onf/ odkUaomf
xdkouú&mZf 1956-ckESpfonf ygvDreftpdk;&\ wwd,ajrmuf a&G;aumufyGJBuD;
vkyfcgeD;aeí olwdkUygwD0ifawGom O'[dkoGm;vmaeMujcif;jzifh uRefawmfwkdUtaeESifh
av,mOfysHem;ruyfEdkif/
xdkUaMumifh rD;&xm;ESifhbJ oGm;ygawmhrnf[k {NyDv 9-&ufaeUrSm txufwef; vufrSwf
oGm;,lum 13-&ufaeUxGufr,fh &xm;rSbJ &cJUawmhonf/
][,f...'D&ufoGm;&vJ renf;bl;[JUqdkNyD; 0rf;omtm;&eJUjyeftvm? tdrfvJa&muf a&m
ra&Taruqlygava&mAsm/
oBuFeftusaeUBuD; jzpfaevdkU atmufarhygovm;/ r[kwfyg usKyfZeD;u uarÁm
Z&Srf;pyfayr,fh t*Fvdyfpmwwfc&pf,efr jzpfavawmh t*Fvdyfjyó'g; 13-&ufjzpfae
vdkUwJUAsm/
uRefawmfuawmh jrefrmjyó'g;aeUawmif trIrxm;wJUtaumif jzpfavawmh
'gawGowdrrlcJUbl;/
]armif[m tm;BuD;nHUwmbJ? 'D&ufrSm 'djyifvlawGroGm;MuvdkU 'DaeUudk armif&vm
wmjzpfrSmbJ}
]ig...'grodbl;vuGm? eufzefxGufr,fh &xm;u par;wmbJ? tJ'DaeUrS &w,fqdkvdkU
,lcJU&wmbJ}
]wu,fqdkarmifu q,fhESpf&ufaeUr&&if q,fhokH;&ufaeUBuD;awmh roGm;csifbl;?
q,fhav;&ufaeUrSqdkNyD; w&ufausmf,lvmbdkU aumif;wm}
][m...'Dq,fhokH;*Pef; raumif;bl;qdkwmu t*FvdyfvlrsKd;t,lyguG? tarausmf
a'G;awmfvGrf;raeprf;ygeJU? 'dkUjrefrmrSm &uf&mZm jyó'g;awG&Sdygw,f? rSef;wGufMunfh&
atmif}qdkNyD; yu©'defudkMunfhí...]tif; {NyDv q,fhokH;&ufrSm jrefrmvdk wefcl;vqef;
av;&uf? aomMumaeU? (wefcl;omvS? xGef;yuqkef)qdkawmh 'D{NyDv q,fhokH;&uf
aomMumaeU[m &uf&mZmAs? uJ...}
]tdk...'DjrefrmtwGufawG arrodbl;av? arwkdUt*FvdyfpmoifcJU&awmh 'Dq,fhokH;
*Pef;raumif;bl; qdkwmomem;vnfcJUwmbJ}
]tvum;yguGm....pdwfxJpGJrxm;ygeJU? Oyg'gefaMumifh Oyg'fa&mufwwfygw,f}
þpum;onf rSefwwfavonf/ taMumif;rSm þ13&uf &xm;xGufrnfhaeUreuf
uRefawmfwkdUtm; blwmodkUydkU&ef udkaomif;pdef\um;onf olU'&dkifbmESifh nOD;uyif
uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm vmtdyfrnfqdkNyD;? ,ck eHeuf 5csufwD;onfwdkifatmif a&mufrvm
acs/
Oyg'gefESifh Oyg'f
uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;rSm olwkdUarmfawmfum;? nOD;u udpöBuD;i,f&Sdí rvmEdkif
onfjzpfNyD;? ,ckeHeufapmapmawmh tcsdefrDvmvdrfhrnf[k wGufqum eHeuf 4-em&dxdk;
uwnf;u tdyf&mrSxí jyifqifxm;Mu\/
rD;&xm;um; &efukefblwmBuD;rS 6-em&DwdwdwGif xGufrnfjzpf\/ uRefawmfwkdU tdrf 7-
rdkifrS blwmBuD;odkU rdepf 20ESifh a&mufatmif tjrefarmif;,l&rnf/
uRefawmfonf em&DwMunfhMunfh tdrfa&SUwarQmfarQmfESifh 5em&DcGJavawmh...&ifxJ
xdwfpjyKavNyD/
rda&Tarum; t*Fvdyf 13&ufudk &dk;r,fzGJUum uRefawmfhtm;qlavNyD/
]uJ....ajymw,frIwfvm;? 'D 13 &ufraumif;ygbl;qdkwm? tckb,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}
]apmifhygtkH;av...tcsdef&Sdygao;w,f? blwmudk 'Duae 15rdepfavmufwif a&mufwmbJ}
]tckES,f olwkdUum;a&mufvmawmif b,favmufuoDvifwEdkifrvJ? blwm a&muf
vufrSwfvJtkH;rSmeJU? wGJ&SmNyD;ypönf;awG wif&tkH;rSmeJU
]'DtajcusrSawmh jzpfovdkvkyf&awmh rSmayghuGm...? acgif;at;at;xm;prf;yg}
odkUESifh 5em&D 35rdepfu vufwHpGef;avaomf rda&Taronf aqmifhaqmifhatmifh atmifhESifh
xdkif&mrS xoGm;NyD;...
]vmawmhrSmrIwfygbl;? ckES,frSoGm;vJ rSDawmhrSm rIwfzl;} qdkvsuf tdrfa&SUtoifh
xkwfxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udk tdrfxJw'kH;'kH; jyefoGif;aeygawmhonf/
uRefawmfvnf; pdwfavsmhí yufvufukvm;xdkifay: acGaysmhaysmhxdkifae&mrS...
]a[h....ckawmh ajz;ajz;ayghuGm? xm;ygtkH;? igoGif;ygr,f}
]ajz;ajz;vkyfraeeJU? rdk;vif;vmNyD ypönf;awG xkwfNyD;rSum;rvmvdkU roGm;&wm
olrsm;jrifawmh &Sufp&mBuD;}
]rif;ES,fuGm...rqdkifwm? udk,fh[mudk,f 'ku©a&muf&wJU txd olrsm;twGufyg xnfhNyD;
tqpf&Suf&tkH;r,fvdkUbJ... rdef;rrsm; BuHBuHzefzef}
]tdk...(eufzefreufawmh usrwdkUudk &SifwkdUawGU&awmhrSm r[kwfzl;? tdrfaomhcwf
xm;wmbJ jrif&awmhr,f)vdkU tdrfeD;yg;em;awGudk EIwfqufxm;wm&Sifh}
][JU...EIwfqufxm;wmaum udk,ftqifrajyvdkU roGm;Edkifwm? udk,fursif;ausm xwmrS
r[kwfwm? &Sufp&mvm;uG...}
]uJ...aiGay;xm;NyD;jzpfwJU 'DvufrSwfawG twGufuaum b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ?
a&mh...tckoGm;NyD; aiGjyefawmif;acs}
][...&rvm;[...'grsKd;u wHwm;ysufvdkU &xm;rxGufjzpfrSom jyef&wmudk ig..'Du
bwfpfum;eJU oGm;vdkU...blwmBuD;a&mufr,fh tcsdefrSm &xm;u
xGufoGm;wm'g;ydefavmuf a&mufaea&mhr,f}
]'gjzifh 'DaiGqkH;&awmhr,faygh? tJ'g oli,fcsif;aumif;usKd;bJ? wuúpD atmf'gvkyf xm;&if
'DvdkjzpfrSm r[kwfzl;? armfawmfum;&SdwJU armifholi,fcsif;awG[m wa,mufrS
pum;rwnfbl;? t&ifESpfa,mufwkef;uvJ 'DvdkbJa*smufcsbl;NyD r[kwfvm;}
olajymwm[kwf\/ wOD;uwifhw,f/ wOD;u trwfudkaX;<u,f? wifhw,fu....
(1956ckESpfrSm &kyf&Sif'g&dkufwmtjzpfESifh um;&dkufaeNyDjzpfí)vGefcJUaom wydkUwGJvqef;
w&ufaeUeHeufu &Ir0OD;ausmf\arG;aeU xreJyGJoGm;&ef um;ESifhvmac:rnfqdkNyD;?
ay:vmawmfrrl/ udkaX;<u,fuvnf; waeU&kyf&SifMunfh&ef vmac:rnfcsdefxm;NyD;tcsdef
vGefrS owd&owJU/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu toHcyfaysmhaysmhESifhbJ...
]uGm...udk,fhqE´rjynfhwdkif;vJ wzufom;udk tjypfrwifygeJU? tck...armifpOf;pm; wmu?
aiGay;NyD;om;udpöudk roGm;&ifrjzpfwm udkaomif;pdefodw,f? 'geJUolUpum;twdkif;
rvmEdkifwmu? olUrSm 'dkU[mxuf ta&;BuD;wJU udk,fa&;udk,fwm udpö&Sdaeíaomf
vnf;aumif;? odkUr[kwf olnOD;ut&ufrl;NyD; um;csif;wdkufrdvdkU um;ysufoGm;onf
vnf;aumif;? olaq;&kHa&mufaeonfvnf;aumif;? jzpfEdkifw,fuG..}
]t&ifESpfa,mufwkef;uvJ armif'DvdkajymwmbJ}
]'gu udk,fcsifhw&m; vlvlcsif; wefbdk;xm;NyD; jzpfEdkifoavmuf pOf;pm;&wmaygh uG?
a[m...aemhNyD;...} uRefawmf&kwfw&uf owd&í wckjzpfEdkifwmu 'DaeU&xm;rxGufEdkif wm
oltaotcsmodvdkUrvmbJ aewmvJ jzpfEdkifw,fuG}
xdkpOfumvu aomif;usef;olawGvufcsufESifh þodkUvJjzpfwwfonf/
]'Dvdkqdk&if arwdkUpdwfat;&atmif olU'&dkifbmjzpfjzpf nuwJvmNyD; ajymcdkif;bkdU
aumif;w,f}
]'gawmhuGm...'dkUodaeyvm; atmufarhvdkU? 'grSr[kwf tck reufapmapm a&mufvmNyD;
'dkUtxkyftydk;jyifxm;wm MunfhNyD;usDp,fcsifvdkUvJ jzpfEdkifw,fuG? udkaomif;
pdefaysmfwwfwmvJ rif;odom;eJU...}
þodkUajymaepOf tdrfa&SUrSmum;rD;a&mifxdk;vmojzifh....
]a[m ajymwkef;qdkwkef; vmya[h}
uRefawmf vufuem&Dudk Munfhvdkufaomf 6-em&Dxdk;&ef rdepf 20-vdkawmhojzifh
uRefawmfawG;awmcsuf rSefNyD[k wGufqum NyKH;NzD;NzD;BuD; um;ay:rS qif;vmaom
udkaomif;pdefrsufESmudk Munfhí...
]b,fhES,fvJq&mBuD;? 'DuaeU &xm;rxGufjzpfzl;r[kwfvm;}
þwGif udkaomif;pdefonf eudkujyL;aomrsufvkH;rsm;udkNzJí...
][if...[kwfvm;? usKyfwkdUnu udk;,dk;um;,m;jzpfvdkU tckreufrS BudK;pm;yrf;pm;
vmwmAsm}
,if;ü uRefawmfh&if w'dwf'dwfckefum...
]tdk;...tdk;...&xm;rxGufjzpfwm uRefawmfodvdkUr[kwfygbl;? cifAsm;wdkU ckrSvmwm udk
aumufNyD; txifeJUajymwm}
][m...'Dvdkqdkb,fhES,frxGufjzpf&rSmwkef; vmwifMu ,lp&mawG}
][m...ckrSqdk&xm; rSDygtkH;rvm;As}
]b,fESpfem&D &SdNyDrdkUvJ}
udkaomif;pdefonf em&Dr&Sdawmhacs/ raeUu olESifhuRefawmf NrdKUxJavQmuf aomufMu&if;
tjyefü (udkaomif;pdefem&Dqdkif wckckarmif;prf;Asm? uRefawmfhrSm em&Dr&Sd bl;?
vufywfem&DwvkH;awmh 0,foGm;tkH;rSbJ)qdkawmh olu (Armjynfu em&DawG
raumif;ygbl;Asm? 'DrSm uRefawmf pifumylu pdwfBudKuf0,fvmwJUem&D? cifAsm;,loGm;Asm}
[k qdkí cRwfay;vdkufjcif;jzifh ,ckuRefawmfhvufa&mufae\/
uRefawmfu ,if;em&DudkMunfhí...
]6-em&D xdk;bdkU 19rdepfyJ vdkawmhw,fAs? &xm;u 6-em&DxGufrSm rrSDEdkifawmhbl;
xifw,f}
][m...rrSD rSDatmif uRefawmfarmif;ay;r,fAs? vm...ypönf;awG tjrefwifMu?
uRefawmfnu um;rvGwfEdkifwm cGifhvTwfMuAsm? nu rdwfaqGwa,muf rl;NyD;um;
arSmufwJU udpöaMumifh em&DjyefwcsufrS tdrfjyefa&mufvdkUAs...}
pdwfuawmh rSDr,fw,fNyD; rxifacs/ odkUaomf aemufqkH;jyefvm&kHbJaygh[k
wwfEdkifoavmuf tjrefqkH;wifMuavonf/
tm;vkH;wifNyD;í um;pufEId;umrS a':a&TarvufayGUtdwfxJwGif rD;&xm;aiG ay;xm;aom
ajypmjzwfydkif;&SmrawGUí url;&SL;xdk;jzpfMuao;onf/
'Davmuf tcsdefvkae&onfhtxJ tdrfaomhcavmuf jyefzGifhawmhvnf; pdwfaZmu BuD;aeí
vG,fvG,fESifh aomhaygufxJaomhxdk;r&/ yGifhNyD; txJa&mufjyefawmh (xdktdrfav;
rD;roG,f&ao;í) rD;cspfu rD;jcpfvdkU awmfawmfESifh rawmuf? aemufqkH;rS a':a&Tar
uRefawmfhtm;pdwfvkyfNyD; (a&mh'DvufrSwfawG aiGjyefawmif;acs)[kqdk&if;? olUvufayG
tdwfxJrS olxkwfaomae&m? uRefawmfhyufvuf ukvm;xdkifab;rSm awGU&onf/
olU uRefawmfqGJxkcsifpdwf aygufvmonf/
um;pxGufaomtcgü uRefawmfhvufywfem&DrSm 6em&dxdk;&ef 16rdepfomvdkawmh onf/
udkaomif;pdef udk,fwdkifum;udk tjrefqkH;armif;avonf/
uRefawmfu ]b,fhES,fvJ? rSDrSvJvkyfaemf? odyfarmif;aevdkU blwmra&mufcif
usKyfwdkUum;arSmufvdkU 'ku©a&mufaeMutkH;r,f}
ukdaomif;pdefuawmh bmrQrajym? olU'&dkifbm udkpdef0if;u tjyifbuftvif; a&mifudk
MunfhNyD;...
]rSDygw,fq&m? t&ifrEåav; OD;wifhwdkU tjyefuRefawmfvdkufydkUwkef;u 'Dtcsdefyg bJ}
]at;...rSDawmh rSDNyD; uRefawmfwkdUta&mufeJU &xm;txGufeJU...}
udkaomif;pdefu ]'Dvdkqdk uRefawmf*gwfAdkvfqD ajy;NyD; &xm;&yfcdkif;ay;r,fAsm}
aemufxyfb,folrS bmpum;rSrajymawmhacs/ *smrefabmufpf0uf*Gef; um;ykjywf
jywfuav;onf &efukefjynfvrf;rBuD;rSm tjrefEdkifqkH;ajy;aeayonf/ uRefawmfhvufu
em&DudkMunfhae\/ 6em&Dxdk;&ef 10 rdepftvdkrS 9rdepf 8rdepf 7rdepf 6rdepf 5rdepf 4rdepf
3rdepf 2rdepf/ xdktcsdefrS uRefawmfwkdU uGrf;NcHukef;blwmBuD;em; csOf;uyfrdí em&dpifu
em&DBuD;udk uRefawmfvSrf;NyD; MunfhvdkufrdawmhrS uRefawmfh&ifxJu tvkH;BuD; 0kef;ueJ
usoGm;ayawmh\/
taMumif;rSm rD;&xm;em&DBuD;onf 6em&Dxdk;&ef rdepf20 vkH;vkH;BuD; vdkaeavao;
onfwum;/
uRefawmfhrSm tm;&0rf;omaom toHBuD;ESifh....
]atmifr,fav; udkaomif;pdef? blwmem&DBuD;u ta0;BuD;vdkao;wmAs? a[m'D cifAsm;
uRefawmfhay;wJU em&Dujrefaewm}
um;udk *dwfxkd;&yfvdkuf&if;...
][m...uRefawmfhem&D tcsdeftifrwef rSefwmAs? b,fhES,fjrefae&rvJ? uRefawmf 0,fcJUwm
ig;ESpf&SdNyD}
(,ckwdkif þem&DuRefawmfhqDrSm&Sdae&m þpma&;csdefxd uRefawmfhvufxJrSm 17ESpf?
udkaomif;pdef okH;cJUwm5ESpfESifh 22 ESpf&SdNyDjzpfaom þa&Ta&mif em&Dav;onf vSwkef;
aumif;wkef;yif) ,if;em&Dudk tjypfwifrday&m udk,fh[mudk,fawG;rdrS uRefawmfh acgif;
uRefawmfzaemifhESifh aygufcsifawmh\/
][m...'guRefawmfhtjypfyJAs? c&D;oGm;bdkU pdwfuapmNyD;awmh nOD;wkef;u bkef;BuD;
ausmif;u ausmufpnfESufwJU em&DoHeJU oGm;wdkufxm;rdwmAs}
þrS udkaomif;pdefvnf; pdwfat;oufomjzpfoGm;um
]atmifr,fav; jzpfrSjzpf&av udkaqG&m}
]þwGifuRefawmfhZeDd;rbdkqefu...
]'gbmrSr[kwfzl;? q,fhokH;&ufaeU aumif;usKd;bJ}
]arh[muvJ rqdkifvdkufwmuGm? uJ...igu em&Djrefxm;vdkufrdNyDxm;? udkaomif;pdef um;
nOD;uxJu a&mufae&if bm'Dvdk jzpfzdkU&SdovJ}
]'gu ra&mufEdkifatmif zefwD;xm;NyDudkarmif&JU}
]b,folu zefwD;xm;wmvJ}
]taMumif;tusKd;uaygh}
]'gjzifh udkaomif;pdef rdwfaqG um;arSmuf&wmvJ 'dkUq,fhokH;&ufaeU c&D;xGufwJU
udpöaMumifh jzpfaeyga&mvm;? tJ'Dvlrsm; ao&if 'dkUw&m;cHaygh}
uRefawmfwkdUonf at;at;aq;aq;yif &xm;wGJwGif udk,fhtcef;xJudk,fa&muf Muí
tm;vkH;ypönf;awG aexm;wus vkyfMuNyD;onfwdkif? &xm;xGuf&ef 15 rdepfrQ
vdkao;ojzifh udkaomif;pdefu...
]vmAsm..udkaqG? cke pdwfarm&wmawG ajyoGm;atmif 0DpuD 0rf;ywfpDavmuf armhMupdkU}
xdkpOfu crf;em;oefUjyefUvSaomrD;&xm; a[mfw,fonf uRefawmfwkdU taomuf
orm;rsm;tm; tcsdefra&G; qD;BudKvsufyif/
ukvm;pum; em;axmifnm;
xdkpOfu rD;&xm;wkdUonf nrckwfrlí uRefawmfwkdUpD;vmcJUaom '*kefa&Tref;pmydkU
BuD;onf awmifilwGif wntdyfNyD;? {NyD 14-&ufaeU rGef;wnfhtcsdefrSm ompnfodkUqdkuf
onf/ ompnfuavm&xm; &SdonfESifh a&mufa&mufcsif;bJ &xm;ajymif;&onf/ uavm
NrdKUrSm xdkntdyfrnf/ ]a[mfw,fuavm}wGif wnf;cdkMurnf pdwful;onf/
odkUaomf ¤if;&xm;ay a&mufonfü tawmfyifvla&vnfaom ukvm;wa,muf ESifh
pum;pdyfrd&mwGif...
]atmifrm...cifAsm;wkdUuavmrS bmvdkUtdyfaervJAs? blwmrSm awmifBuD;oGm;r,fh
bwfpfum;awG vmBudKaewm&Sdw,fAs? wcgxJ qufNyD;pD;vdkuf&kHaygh}
þwGifol\ arG;&yfXme a&mufcsifaZm xefaeaom ra&Taru 0rf;omtm;& jzpfum....
]'Dvdkqdk [efuswmaygharmif? nwGif;csif;bJ awmifBuD;a&mufwmaygh}
]a&mufwmawmh [kwfygNyD? vrf;c&D;u pdwfcs&JUvm;}
ukvm;....]atmifr,fav; usaemfwkdU &Srf;jynfbmrSrjzpfygbl;Asm? ckvdk oBuFefwGif;
qdkomNyD; pdwfcs&ao;w,f? Ak'¨bmomawGu 'DvdktcgBuD; &ufBuD;awGrSm raumif;wm
rvkyfzl;As}
atmifr,fav; ukvm;ubJ w&m;jyaeacsNyD/ uRefawmfwkdU pD;aomtxufwef; wGJrSm
tm;vkH; 4-a,muf&Sdonfhteuf tjcm;c&D;onf jrefrmppfAdkvfuvnf; axmufcH ojzifh
uRefawmfwkdU ,cknbJ awmifBuD;wuf&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkufavonf/
armwdkUXmeD
uRefawmf&Srf;jynf rD;&xm;udk pD;bl;onfrSm þtBudrfonf 'kwd,tacgufjzpf\/
odkUaomf yxrtacgufwkef;url c&D;qkH;r[kwfay/ 1954-ckESpf arESifhuRefawmforD;
&nf;pm; t&l;trl;jzpfMupOf atmufwdkbmv oDwif;uRwf ausmif;tydwfrSm
olawmifBuD;odkU acwåjyefpOf uRefawmfonf acG;&kyfblwmtxd vdkufcJUjcif;jzpfonf/
þblwmonf &Srf;jynfrD;&xm; twuftqif;c&D;qkH;jzpfí? uRefawmfu jrefrmjynfom;
rD;&xm;udk jyefpD;cJU&onf/ arjyefvmonfh &ufudkbJ? armifajrSmfaeawmhr,fqdkaom
rSmwrf;BuD;eJUaygh/ vljynfrSm 15&ufavmuf vGrf;cJUbl;yg&JUAsm/
þ&xm;vrf;c&D;rSm ,if;rmyifblwmudk vGefvwfaomf jrefrmjynfESifh &moDOwk
&Iarsmfcif;rsm; ajymif;vJvmavonf/ acG;&kyfblwmudk ausmfvQif rD;&xm;vrf;u
awmifurf;yg;,HawGudk zifwjyef acgif;wjyef vGef;xdk;wuf&avonf/ rD;&xm;\
vuf0J bufudk ikHUMunfhvdkufaomf? opfyif 0g;yifawG edrfhjrifhpDvsufESifh euf&Idif;aom
awmifatmufacsmufBuD;/ vusmfbuf jywif;aygufrS acgif;jyLMunfhvdkufvQif jrifhrm;
aom awmifurf;yg; awmifxGwfrsm;onf rdk;udkwkd;aeonf/
qifawmifESifh jrif;wdkufblwm tMum;a&mufvQif awmifjrifhBuD;ay:odkU ckwfarmif;
aeNyDjzpfí eHab;ywf0ef;usifwGif edrfhcsnfjrifhcsnf vIdif;xaeaom awmifxdyf &ifjyif0,f?
xdkwauGU onfwawGUü *Grf;ykHBuD;rsm;ESifhwlaom rdk;om;axG;BuD;awGudk jrif&avonf/
uRefawmfajrjyifrS jrif&aom aumif;uifxJ rdk;om;awGvdk vIyf&Sm;írae/ csrf;at;ojzifh
awmifxdyfzsm; jrpdrf;urÁvmay:wGif NidrfoufpGm tdyfpufaeMuonfESifh wlayonf/
oGm;í,lrvm;
rdk;om;axG;BuD;awG
avwGif rvIyfwkHU
ykHUykHUBuD; avsmif;vsuf
jrpdrf;urÁvmxuf0,f
tdyfpufaeMuonfhES,f
&IzG,fomarm...þNrdKifausm....
xdknae 6-em&D 5-rdepf tcsdef0,f uavmblwmodkU qdkufa&mufavonf/ &Srf;jynfrSm
at;onfqdkojzifh &efukefu csKyfNyD; acguf,lvmcJUaom ukwftusÐudk xkwfí
0wfvdkuf&onf/ xif;&I;yifrsm;udk jzwfí wdkufvmaom avtvsifonf w&TD;&TD;ESifh
nnf;oHygí olUrSmyif csrf;at;wkefcdkufaom vu©Pmjzpfvmavonf/
uavm}NrdKU}qdk&aomfvnf; ywf0ef;usifrSm vlaetdrfajcxuf awmifukef;edrfhjrifh
csKdifh0Srf;ESifh xif;&SL;awmudkom jrif&onf/ jrefrmjynf0,f xif;&Sl;yif trsm;qkH;aom
t&yfa'oaywnf;/ awmawmif\ obm0tvS pif;vkH;acsm/
uRefawmfwkdU &xm;ay:rS qif;Muí bwfpfum;ay:aeom;wus a&mufvwfaomf 6-em&D
15-rdepf../
]awmifBuD;ESifhuavm b,fESpfrdkifa0;ygovJ..}
]44-rdkifa0;ygw,f..}
uRefawmfheHab;&Sd c&D;azmfudkar;í ajzygonf/
]'D...armfawmfum;? 'D..c&D;awmifqif; awmifwufudk ESpfem&DeJU a&mufyghrvm;..}
]rMumyg tvGefqkH;wem&DcGJy..}
xdkoa&mtcg0,f awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU nOD; 8-em&DcefUwGif a&mufawmhrnfjzpfí
uRefawmfwkdU 0rf;omoGm;Muygonf/
odkUaomf um;xGufcgeD;rS c&D;onfrsm;ESifh um;&SifwdkUpum;tacstwif ajymyGJ uav;
usif;yojzifh 15-rdepfrQ tcsdefykyfoGm;ygonf/
um;&Sif/ ]um;cwa,muf 5dcifAs}
c&D;onf/ ]tdk...cgwdkif; xkH;pHwa,muf 3d [mudk]
]oBuFefwGif; "mwfqDaps; wufoGm;vdkUAs}
]'gjzifh 4d-,lawmfNyDav... raeUuusKyfwkdU awmifBuD;u pD;cJUwm 4dyJ}
]tckarmfawmf,mOf toif;u 5d-rSajy;EdkifrwJU...}
tdk...5d awmh rpD;bl;uG? b,fhES,fuGm? "mwfqDu w*gvH 1d-wufw,fbJ xm;yg tkH;?
'if;um; 4-*gvHavmuf 'Davmuf rw&m;vdkcsifwmawmh...rpD;bl;? rpD;bl;? tckjyef
qif;rSmbJ cifAsm;wdkUaum...}
c&D;abmfcsif; vlnSdonfü bkrod brod jzpfaomuRefawmfwdkUuyg udk,fhb0wl rsm;
bufuygí tm;vkH;nDnGwfoGm;avonf/
xdktcgü um;q&monf olUtoif; vlBuD;rsm;qDodkU ajy;oGm;í jyefvmNyD;rS 4d-ESifh
(ig;usyfr&rSef;odí) oabmwlawmhownf;/
wuwJAs? um;pufrEdk;rD ydkufqHay;í vufrSwf0,f&\/ vlaphwufaph aiG&cgrS
um;xGuf\/ odkUaomfjzL;jzL;ajzmifhajzmifh roGm;ao;ay/
yxrawmfawmfum; "gwfqDoGm;xnfhwmu 15rdepfMum\/
'kwd,uavmNrdKU *sifuv,fudkvrf;BudKvrf;Mum;avQmufarmif;um wae&mwcg &yfí
emrnfwckudk ac:aewmu 15rdepf/ bZmenf; pkHprf;Munfhawmh ,ckum;armif; olrSm
'&dkifbmtppf r[kwfao;? py,f,mrQomjzpfí olUq&mum;armif;oludk &Smae&
jcif;jzpfowJU/
aemufqkH;rS '&dkifbmonf bdef;cef;xJrS xGufvm[efwlyg&JU/ ,dkifwdkifwdkifESifh
um;ay:a&mufvm\/
armfawmfum; NrdKUrSpxGufawmh uavmwGif awmifpG,faeuG,fír[kwf? awmifatmuf
aea&mufoGm;NyD jzpfojzifh arSmifpjyKavNyD/
aemufqkH; tvif;a&mifjzifh uRefawmfhvufu em&Dudk Munhfvdkufawmh 7em&D/
xdkrSwNyD;um; armfawmfum;xJwGif rD;vnf; zGifhray;ojzifh arSmifxJrSmyif uRefawmfwkdU
AvkH;AaxG;ygoGm;awmh\/
armfawmfum;u um;tdkum;rif;? vrf;utwuftqif; vlawGu'if;Murf;jynfh?
uRefawmfwkdUae&mu aemufqkH;/ ckefvdkufwm w&kef;&kef;ESifh acgif;ESifhtrdk;ESifh raqmifhrd
&ef renf;owdxm;ae&onf/ rD;&xm;wGif txufwef;u ZdrfcJUorQ *defawmhonf/
8 em&DwGif [J[dk;a&mufí armfawmfum; &yfem;NyD; c&D;onfrsm;ESifh py,f,m '&dkifbmwdkU
npmokH;aqmifMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdUum; c&D;yef;í acgif;rl;aemufaeojzifh
pm;vdkpdwfr&Sd/ aromaumfzDwcGufaomufonf/ uRefawmfrla&csKd;í t&ufaomufNyD;rS
om wckckpm;Edkifrnf/
8 em&D 15 rdepf&Sdonfwdkifatmif um;rxGufao;ojzifh uRefawmfonf um;q&m \
pm;aomufyGJem; csOf;uyfNyD; toem;cHygonf/
tcktwdkif;qdk&if 9em&DawmifBuD;a&mufyghrvm;cifAsm? awmifBuD; a&mufaomf
uRefawmfwdkUrSm oGm;p&mtdrfr&Sdí a[mfw,fwckckwGif tcef;iSm;&ygonf/ tcsdefrJU
aevQif tcef;&EdkifygOD;rnfvm;/
xdktcg py,f,m\ qdkpum;rSm...
udpör&Sdyg? awmifBuD;a[mfw,fudk tdyfaysmfaeonfwdkifatmif olEId;ay;Edkifygonf/
armifydkifavoHrsKd;ESifhajym\/
uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGmpdwfoufom&oGm;vsuf cspfZeD;tm; oHawmfOD; wifNyD;aemuf
awmifBuD; a&TNrdKUawmfa&mufrS (arajymom; aumif;vSaom) ,kefvQH a[mfw,fodkU
oGm;um aumif;rGefpGm pm;aomufvdkufrnf[k tm;cJvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf [J[dk;rSxGufcJUí pdwfxifem&D0ufrQtMum um;onf ab;uyf&yfí
b&dwftkwfvdkufonfESifh wcsdefwnf;arSmifBuD; rnf;rnf;xJrS...
]&yfvdkufvdkU qD;atmfaewm rMum;bl;vm;? ypfxJUvdkufr,f? bmrSwfvdkUvJ}[laom
toHeufBuD; ay:vmojzifh uRefawmfrSm {uEåxdkpOfumvrSm jrefrmjynfom;wkdU cHpm;
ae&aom c&D;oGm;wkef; "g;jywdkufjcif;udk aps;OD;aygufcH&NyD[k atmufarhvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf r[kwfyg/ NrdKUapmifh wyfrawmfom;\ tmPmoHay/ þae&monf
a&TanmifNrdKUt0ifwnf;/
]cifAsm;wdkUum; b,foGm;rvdkUvJ}
]awmifBuD;udkyg}
]roGm;Edkifbl;? vrf;rSm wdkufyGJjzpfaew,f? puf&yf? rD;ndrf;vdkuf}
b,folrS bmrQrajymEdkifMuawmh/ rD;udka&eJU owfvdkufovdk &JS&SJrSrMum;&awmh/ tm;vkH;
qdwfNidrfoGm;Muonf/ awmfawmfBuD;MumrS um;ay:xdkif&wm anmif;vmí
atmufqif;olqif;? acsmif;qdk;olqdk;? ovdyf[ufolpufESifh vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;av; jzpfvm
Muonf/
xdktcgrS tcke&Jabmfrsm;vnf; ylpdwfaysmufí pdwfat;aygufvmNyD jzpfjcif; aMumifh
olwkdUESifhpum;ajymEdkifavonf/ vlwkdU\ eudkrlvpdwf"gwftwdkif; om,macsmif csdpGm
&Sdvmavonf/
]uRefawmfwdkUu wm0ef&SdvdkU wm;&wmbJAsm? cifAsm;wkdUoGm;&J&ifvJ oGm;Muaygh}
]roGm;&Jygbl;? &JabmfuRefawmfwdkU 'DrSmtdyfzdkUxuf NrdKUxJoGm;tdyfMu&ifaumif;r,f?
EdkUNyD;a&TanmifrSm qif;r,fhvlawGvJygw,f}
]aumif;NyD? 'gjzifh oGm;EdkifygNyD}
uRefawmfrS,cktcsdefwGif rnfrQyif c&D;yef;yef; 0rf;u[mvmNyDjzpfí awmifBuD;odkU
cknra&mufaomfvnf; a&TanmifNrdKUxJwGif tdyf&rnfqdkawmh tpm; taomufqdkifawmh
&Sdwefaumif;&JU[k wHawG;rsKdcsvdkufygonf/
odkUaomf tb,fvQif [kwfygvdrfhrnfenf;/ xdkn a&TanmifNrdKUwGif *syefacwfu
uRefawmfwdkU &efukefrSm ntcsdefavaMumif; OMoqGJxm;bdouJUodkU wNrdKUvkH;arSmifrnf;
wdwfqdwf acsmufuyfaebd\/
a&Tanmif qif;rnfholrsm; tdrfa&SUodkU a&mufvwfaomf armfawmfum;udk&yfí
awmfawmfav; qlqlnHnH vIyfvIyf&G&GjzpfMuonf/ qif;olqif;/ ypönf;o,folo,f?
a&SUc&D;rqufEdkifí nnf;olnnf;/ ¤if;wkdUtxJwGif ukvm;vifr,m;? ESpfpkHygonfhteuf?
wa,mufaom ukvm;rrSm udk,fh'ku©udk,f qdwfNidrfpGmrcHwwfojzifh r,m;aMumuf&ykH
ay:aom olUviftm; (ukvm;jyó'g; rvGwfrIaMumifhvm;rod) r&yfrem; wGwfxdk;vdkuf
onfrSm uRefawmfonf olwkdUbmompum; aumif;pGmem;rvnfrdonfudkyif 0rf;om&yg
awmh\/
,if;odkU uRwfpDuRwfpD&SdaepOfrSmyif ppfzdeyfoHwajzmif;ajzmif; Mum;&NyD;aemuf
&Jabmfrsm;a&mufvmMuí...
]cifAsm;wkdU 'Dae&mrSmbmjzpfaeMuwmvJ? NrdKUjyifrSmwdkufyGJjzpfaewm rodMubl;vm;
[dkuvSrf;ypfvdkufvdkU tvum;aoaeMur,f}
tm;vkH; qdwfNidrfoGm;Muonf/
,cktcsdefü uRefawmfwdkUrSm tpm;udk ajrSmfvifhp&m r&Sdawmh/ tdyfzdkUae&mav; &&ifbJ
awmfvSNyDjzpfaMumif; xdk&Jabmfonf olay;csifaomtrdefUudk atmifjrifpGmay;&NyD; í
aoG;at;oGm;ykH ay:aomtcgü uRefawmfolUtem;odkU csOf;uyfoGm;NyD;...
]uRefawmfwkdU[m awmifBuD;udkoGm;r,fh &yfa0;c&D;onfawGyg &Jabmf? 'DrSmtdyfzkdU
ae&mav;awmh BuHzefvkyfay;prf;yg}
][m...'gjzifhvm? blwmudkvdkufcJU/ 'djyifvlawGvJ tdyfp&mr&Sd&ifvmMu}
[dkukvm;wodkufrSm a&TanmifrSm qif;olrsm;\ tdrfwGiftqifoifhoGm;Muí
uRefawmfwkdUESifh ESpfa,mufomygvmavonf/ tcsKdUum; olwkdUtodrdwfaqGrsm;&Sd&modkU
oGm;Muonf/
blwmonf b,favmufa0;onfrod? arSmifBuD; rnf;rnf;rSm tdyf&mvdyfESifh
ta&;BuD;aom ypönf;tcsKdUudkqGJum xdk&JabmfaemufvdkufcJU&onf/ twefi,f avQmufrd
awmhrS wrefwvif;cif;aom txpfay:wufrdí blwmxJ a&mufrSef;od&onf/
þtwGif;rSm ydkí arSmifrnf;avonf/
xdk&Jabmfu]uJcifAsm;wkdU vifr,m;u 'DrSmtdyf? [dkESpfa,mufu 'Dudkvm}qdkojzifh
olae&mcsxm;&mrSmyif oJawG&Syf&Syfay:ü tdyf&mvdyfudk jzefUcif;vdkuf&\/
uRefawmfonf ,ckntpm rpm;&awmhNyDudkodí qmwdkif;a&udk cPcP aomufrnf[k
um;ay:rS a&csKdifhudk qJG,lvmcJUonf/ a&um;rygawmh/ rD;&xm;ay:u tqif;wGif
av;rSmpdk;ívnf;aumif;? bwfpfum;ay: zdwfrSmpdk;ívnf;aumif; oGefcJU onf/
þonfyifvQif 'ku©a0'emudk cHpm;bdkUjzpfawmh\/ taMumif;rSm ]&Jabmfa&uav;
wqdwfavmuf &yg&ap}qdkaomtcg xdk&Jabmfu ]r&Edkifbl;As}[k wdkawmif;pGmjyefajymyg
onf/
ao[JUedE´d,...
iwfuHi,fBuKH BuKHawmhw,f/
wnwm 'kAådu©Eåm&uyf
pum;vJrajym&? rD;vJrxGef;& [laom trdefUaMumifh uRefawmfrSm pD;u&ufuav; rQ
r[bJ usdwfNrKHaeMuonf/ 0r;fydkufwkdUum; rqdwfNidrfay/ wcsufwcsufü w*GD*GDjrnf
Muonf/ a&uav;rQ raomuf&ojzifh EIwfcrf;tmacgifwkdU ajcmufvmavonf/ vQmESifh
vdrf;umvdrf;um wHawG;udk pkípkírsKdcs&onf/
nOfheufoef;acgifra&G; vdkcsifaom tpm;tpmudk &Edkifonfh &efukefNrdKUawmfBuD; qDodkU
uRefawmfpdwfa&mufoGm;onf/ yxrü uRefawmftvGefBudKufaom w&kwfwef;u
tpm;tpmawG wluav;jzifh nSyfum t&ufuav;wjrjrESifh pm;cJUykH/
'gawG awG;rdawmh wu,frpm;a&r,fh oGm;&nf,dkí xdkoGm;&nfudk jyefrsKdcs&jcif; jzifh
a&iwfoufomovdk &Sdvmonf/
'kwd,um; t&ufESifh wGJzufaomufraumif;ojzifh uRefawmfodyfBudKufvSaom
r*dkvrf;uukvm;tpm;tpmrsm;/ 'efayguf? yvmwm? prlqm? qdwfEdkUtkHuifwkdUjzifh
uRefawmfaumif;aumif;BuD; owd&ygonf/ xkwfxkwf
xkwfxkwfESifh0g;vdkUaumif;vSonf/ EdkUeHUoif;oif;av;ESifh qdrfhaomt&om&Sdonf/
xdkrSwNyD;um; nOfheufvmavav ydkqmvmavavjzifh wjznf;jznf; tqifh
twef;edrfhvmvdkufonfrSm udk,fpm;bl;aom t&mxJrS tqif;&JqkH;ESifh tnHUqkH;udkyif
oGm;íwrf;wrdygawmhonf/
1945-ckESpf *syefajy;tNyD; ppfawmif;NrdKUrS jrif;0,futjyef jrif;rsm;ESifh vrf;c&D; rSef;ajc
rudkufojzifh vSnf;ul;odkU noef;acgifavmufrSa&muf&m? þtcg uRefawmfh tazmf
jrif;vSnf;orm;\todrSm tvGefqif;&Jaom tzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;jzpfí tcsdef rawmf
xrif;csufauR;&mwGif [if;rSmtazsmfuif;aom ig;yd&nfusJESifh Muufjcrf;oD;
pdrf;uav;rsm;udk wkdUumwkdUum pm;&onfrSm qmvGef;vSojzifh NrdefvSbdawmif;/
onfxufqdk;0g;onfrSm 1941-ckESpf *syeft0ifü ppfudpöjzifhc&D;oGm;pOf awmxJ
awmifxJü 3-&ufrQaygifrkHUajcmufudk a&ESifhaomufae&NyD;rS umrESifhol&uftMum;
taemufpl;pl;&Sd awmifay:&Gmwckü xrif;ylyludk i&kyfoD;axmif;ESifh qm;ESifhES,fum pm;cJU
&jcif;jzpfawmhonf/
,cktajcü uRefawmfwkdUonf 'Dvdktpmuav;rsm;bJ pm;yg&apawmh[k
qkawmif;rdygonf/ odkUaomf a&uav;waygufrQ raomuf&yg/
xdkodkU pdwfa&mufwwf&m&m awG;awma&if; tcsdefMumvwfaomf tdyfraysmfbl; vdkvdk?
aysmfovdkvkdESifh MuufwGefoHawGu waMumfaMumf Mum;&awmh tm;wrsKd; &SdvmcJU
NyD;aemuf? vif;a&mifaygufvmí uRefawmftdyf&mrSxvdkufaomtcg nu&Jabmfudk
uavmfwkwfcsifpdwf ay:ygawmhonf/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwkdUtdyfonf\ wzufcef;
rSmyif aomufa&tdk;pifBuD; &Sdae\/
wrifbJ uRefawmfwkdUudk nSOf;avovm;[k eHeufüolUudk ar;jref;pkHprf;Munfhaom tcg
oludk,fwdkifuvnf; rod&Sm/ olonfnarSmifrS þblwma&mufí vG,fvifrS arNrdKUodkU
Adkvfoifwef;wuf&atmif oGm;rnfh&Jabmfjzpf\/ tarSmifxJü rsufuef;jzpfae pOf
tdyfzdkUae&m ac:ay;onfudkyif aus;Zl;wifyg\&Jabmf/
arhtajymESifh
a&TanmifESifhawmifBuD;onf 12-rdkifrQoma0;&m nu bwfpfum;ESifhyif c&D;quf cJUMuí
eHeuf 9-em&Dü awmifBuD;a&TNrdKUawmfodkU a&mufav\/
]uJ..ara&...arhNrdKUa&mufrSjzifh arbJ'g&dkufwmvkyfaya&mhuGm..}tm;vkH;c&D;onf rsm;
olUae&mESifhol qif;oGm;Muí uRefawmfwkdUcsnf; usefaomtcg tpdk;&{nfh&dyfomac:
onfh ]qmuwfpf a[muf}odkU ydkUap\/
O,smOfyef;rmefESifh aooyfvSyíaecsifpzG,fyg/ odkU&mwGif vljynfhaeNyD;
tcef;tm;r&Sdawmh/
xdkrS nTefvdkufí uarÁmZa[mfw,fodkU a&mufjyef\/
aps;ESifheD;aom wdkuftdrfBuD; atmufxyfu pm;aomufcef;? 'DrSmwnf;&if edyfwm bJ/
odkUaomf....redyfacs/ awmifpcef;NrdKUrSm aEG&moD{nfhonfawGrsm;aeí tcef;tm;
r&Sdawmhacs/
uJ...'gjzifh b,frSmwnf;cdkbdkU &Sdao;oenf;/ raeUu [J[dk;wGif awmifBuD; a[mfw,fudk
tcsdefra&G; olydkUay;Edkifygw,fajymaom um;py,f,mu ]awmifBuD;a[mf
w,f&Sdygw,fAs...}
aps;eJUawmh tvSrf;a0;owJU/
a0;ygap...a0;ygap..&vQifbJ awmfygNyD/
xdka[mfw,fusrSyif a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL&ayawmhonf/
&rSmayghAs? tjcm;aecsifwJU vlrSr&Sdwmudk..../
uRefawmfonf a&S;jzpfa[mif;udk jyefajymif;í &,farmcsifvmavonf/
arESifhuRefawmf &nf;pm;b0u uRefawmfonf awmifBuD;NrdKUtaMumif;udk pmjzifh
vSrf;ar;avh&Sdonf/ (awmifBuD;rSm {nfhonfawG aumif;aumif;rGefrGefwnf;bdkU
a[mfw,fawG bmawG&Sdovm;) (&Sdwmaygh armif? arwdkUNrdKUudk txifrao;ygeJU? jrefrm
jynfrSm emrnfBuD; awmifpcef;NrdKUbJ) ('gjzifh a[mfw,fwck emrnfay;prf;yg)
(awmifBuD; a[mfw,f)
xdktcg uRefawmfonf ]jyefvnfawGUqkHonfhwdkifatmif 0w¬KwGif uRefawmfhZmwf vdkuf
at;aqGtm; xdkawmifBuD;a[mfw,frSm wnf;cdkapum ZmwftdrfzGJUvdkufavonf/
xdka[mfw,f\ ykHo@meftaetxm;udk &efukefa[mfw,fBuD;rsm;twdkif; uRefawmfhrsufpd
xJü jrifa,mifí a&;om;xm;ygonf/
vm;..vm;...,ckrsufjrifudk,fawGU uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&muf&awmh [uf[ufyuf yufom
zifaqmifhí aqmifhíatmfBuD;[pfus,f &,fcsvdkufcsifygawmhonf/
Munfhyg rdwfaqG&,f....enf;enf;yg;yg; uGmwmjzifh uRefawmf'Davmuf rajymyg bl;/
tckawmifBuD;a[mfw,fqdkwmu atmuforefwvif;cH? oGyfrdk;? ysOfumESifh ukvm;
tdrfwef;vsm;udk tcef;awG cGJxm;jcif;jzpfygownf;/ xdkpOfu &efukefrSm wvtpdwfqdk
aom tcef;rsKd;? a[mfw,fcef;vkyfí waeUwq,fwJU/
]uJ...a':a&Tara&...txifeJUtjrif uGmjcm;vSacsvm;Asm...'Dtdrfwef;vsm;rSmawmh
'dkUwm&SnfraeEdkifbl;? pma&;bkdU pm;yGJukvm;xdkifvJr&Sd? jywif;aygufr&Sd? a&SU0ifaygufeJU
aemufaz;xGufayguf ESpfckbJ&Sdw,f? xrif;[if;pm;bdkU aps;oGm;vdkuf&wmuvJ
ta0;BuD;? tJonfvdkae&mrSm OD;ausmfwdkU vlpka&mufvm&if 'ku©uG}
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfonf &Ir0 OD;ausmftm; awmifBuD;NrdKUonf aEG&moDrSm at;csrf;í
wnf;cdkcef;wkdUvnf; aumif;onf? pm;aomufp&m trJom;ig; [if;oD;[if;
&GufawGuvnf; tvGefayg[k aruuRefawmfhudk ajymonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkU a&muf
ocdkufrSm vdkufvmMu&ef zdwfac:cJUojzifh umwGef;udkazodef;ESifh OD;ausmfom;
armifaqGwifh? txGef;ac: armifvSxGef;wkdU 4-a,muf{NyDv 22 &ufaeUwGif av,mOf ESifh
a&mufvmMurnf/
xdkUaMumifh....]uJ..ara&...'Dtwdkif;qdk&ifjzifh udk,fwdkUxuf aemufvdkufvmr,fhvl
awGtwGuf tdrfwvkH;iSm;&rS jzpfawmhr,fuG}
odkUaomf xdktcsdefrSm awmifBuD;wGif tdrfwvkH;iSm;&bdkUrSm &efukefrSmuJUodkUyif
rvG,fulawmhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf awmifBuD;rSmvnf; &efukefrSmuJUodkUyif
aomif;usef;ol qlylrIaMumifh awm&GmawGuvlawG cdkatmif;aeMujcif;jzifh vlaetdrfajc
rsm; jynfhESufaeacsNyD/
awmifBuD;ol ra&TaryifvQif 2-ESpftwGif; ajymif;vJaeaom awmifBuD;NrdKUudk
tHUMoae&onf/ rsufESmpdrf;awG tdrfopfawGtrsm;BuD; awGUae&onf[k ajymygonf/
&moDOwkyifvQif a&S;,cifu opfyifO,smOfrsm;udkckwfí tdrfrsm;aqmufypfMujcif;jzifh
aEG&moDrSm [dkwkef;uavmuf rat;awmh[k NrdKUcHvlrsm;uvnf; ajymygonf/
tdrfwvkH;
,if;ü uRefawmfonf udkaomif;pdef a&;ay;vdkufaom rdwfqufpmESpfapmifudk
xkwf&awmhonf/ wapmifu xdkpOfu bkef;rD;aev awmufyvsuf&Sdaom pyfa&odkuf\
om; pyf[kefz? udkaomif;pdefESifh t*FvefwGif rdwfaqGjzpfcJUMuí tjyefc&D;rSm oabFm
wpif;xJ txufwef;rSm twlpD;cJUMuonf/ pyf[kefzwGif awmifBuD;rSm
a[mfwvkH;&Sdonf/ odkUaomfxdktcsdefü pyf[kefzonf awmifBuD;NrdKUür&Sd/
b,fodkUa&mufaeonf uRefawmf rod/
'kwd,wapmifu xdkpOfu AE¨Kv&kyf&Sif&kHudk rlvwnfaqmufol AE¨Kv&kyf&Sif&kH ydkif&Sif
OD;cspfaz/ olUudkawmh olU½kyf&Sif&kHoGm;aomtcg olUtdrfudk nTefjyí vG,fulpGm
awGU&ygonf/
OD;cspfazcifAsm;...
,ckþpmESifhvmolrSm uRefawmf\ oli,fcsif;pma&;q&m aomfwmaqGjzpfyg onf/
olvdkaomtultnDudk ay;apvdkygonf/
aomif;pdef
xdkpOfrSm udkaomif;pdefu atmifaZ,s&kyf&Sifxkwfvkyfol? OD;cspfazu awmifBuD; NrdKUrSm
&kyf&Sif&kHydkif&SifrdkU olwkdUcsif;u tvkyfcsif;qufaeaom rdwfaqG&if;csmwnf;/
OD;cspfazonf uRefawmfhtm; pmzwfy&dowftaejzifhvnf; odNyD;jzpfaeí NyKH;&,fum...
]OD;aomfwmaqG 'Dvdktcsdef aEG&moDrSm awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm tdrfiSm;vdkU b,f&yghrvJ cifAsm}
uRefawmfu pdwfysufpGm..][m..'ku©bJAsm..}
]OD;aomfwmaqG 'ku©ra&muf&ygbl;? uRefawmfwdkUrSm OD;aomfwmaqGtwGuf
tdrfwvkH;&Sdygw,f? odkUaomftdrfiSm;cuawmh...}
olu NyKH;pdpdESifh pum;jzwfxm;í uRefawmfu...
]usoavmuf ay;&rSmayghAsm}qdkawmh...
]r[kwfzl;? wjym;rSray;rS&r,f}
awmifBuD;NrdKU aps;ta&SUbuf r[mokcvrf;&Sd opfom;tdrfuav;wvkH;odkU
uRefawmfwkdUudk olUum;ESifhbJ vdkufydkUygonf/ xdkpOfu pum;e,ftrwf OD;xGef;&wkdU\
tdrfydkuav;jzpfygonf/ iSm;avhr&Sd/ {nfhvmapmifvm xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ OD;xGef;&ESifh
OD;cspfazrSm tif;om;nDtudkawmfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
vlw&yfavmufjrifhonfh wxyftdrfuav;? okH;yifESpfcef; aemufaz;rD;zdkaqmifESifh
uRefawmfwkdUtwGuf tcefUoifhjzpfoGm;avonf/ aps;ESifhvnf;eD;vS\/ 'Dtdrfuav;
a&mufawmh uRefawmfwkdUonf vmrnfh{nfhonfrsm;vnf;&Sdaeí tdk;cGuftcsKdUudk0,fNyD;
xrif;[if;pm; yef;uefrsm;udk eHab;wdkuftdrfBuD;&Sd OD;xGef;&\BuD;awmfxHrS iSm;&rf;um
udk,fh[mudk,fcsufjyKwfpm;Muonf/
tif;om;ESifh tif;pum;
uRefawmfwdkUae&aom opfom;tdrfuav;rSm vQyfppfrD;r&Sdacs/ uRefawmfwkdU a&mufrS
OD;xGef;&\ BuD;awmfwdkufrS rD;ESpfyGifhudk oG,fay;xm;ygonf/
waeUaom eHeufcif;üarr&Sd? uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; pmzwfaepOf OD;xGef;& BuD;awmf
(olwkdUtac:) trf;pr tzGm;BuD;a&mufvmum uRefawmfESifhaxG&mav;yg; ajymae&mrS...
]q&mav; ref;pm;yD; rtdkufzl;vm;}
ref;qdkonfrSm xrif;udkAs/ uRefawmfwdkUqDrSmqdk&if xrif;pm;NyD;wJUtcg acR;xGufNyD;
tdkufw,fr[kwfvm;? olwkdU&Srf;jynfrSmawmh tcsdefra&G;at;wmbJ? 'gaMumifh
]uRefawmfwdkU 'Dt&yfrSmawmh rtdkufygbl;...}
'Dawmh tzGm;BuD;u...
]a':a':wkdUawmh cPtdkufwmbJ? EdkU...q&mav;wdkU naumb,ftcsdeftdkufovJ}
uRefawmf tHUtm;oifhNyD;...
][m...nqdk omrtdkufao;oaygh? a':a':&m}
]wnvkH; rtdkufzl;vm;}
]vkH;0 rtdkufygbl; cifAsm}
]b,ftcsdefrSmrS rtdkufzl;vm;}
]rtdkufygbl;...rtdkufygbl;}
uRefawmfu acgif;uav;,rf;um awmifBuD;NrdKUvdk at;jraom&moDrSm b,ftcsdefrS
rtdkufygbl;[k ajymvdkufonf/
xdkUaemuftzGm;BuD;onf olUrsufESmw,fNyD; yDwdusvSykHray:bJ jyefoGm;onf/
arjyefa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfu....
]a[h...ar&..cke tzGm;BuD;vmw,fuG? ighudkxrif;pm;NyD; rtdkufbl;vm;? nb,f
tcsdeftdkufovJ ar;ouG? 'geJUigu b,ftcsdefrS rtdkufygbl;vdkU ajymvdkuf&ouG...}
]xdktcg arrsufvkH;jyL;um....
][m...armifa&...ylwmtdkufwmudk ar;wmr[kwfzl;&Sifh?
b,ftcsdeftdyfovJar;wm? nolu rD;rSdwfcsifvdkUeJUwlw,f? olwdkUtif;om;awG
toHxGufu tdyfwmudk tdkufw,fajymMuw,f}
]atmifr,fav;? 'gjzifh ara&jrefjrefoGm;NyD; awmif;yefvdkufyguGm? igu olUudk
bkajymvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;NyD? n9-em&Davmuf tdyfygw,f? tJ'D tcsdefavmuf rD;rSdwfvdkU
ajymyguGm...}
aronf tjrefbJ tzGm;BuD; tdrfodkUul;oGm;&\/
tif;om;pum;ESifh jrefrmpum;onf wvGJwjcm; uGJjym;aeonfrsm;&Sd\/ Oyrm olwkdUu
tdyfwmudk tdkufw,f? tdkufwmudkawmh tdyfw,f? wdkifudkwdrf? wdrfudkwdkif? rIdifwmudkrIdif;?
tu,fí tif;om;pum;rSm ]olonf wdrfudkrSDí wdkifudkMunfhum rIdif;ae onf}[k qdkvQif
]wdkifudkrSDí wdrfudkMunfhum rIdifaeonf}[k qdkjcif;jzpfygonf/
{nfhajrmifrsm;
uRefawmfwkdUonf OD;xGef;&tdrfwGif wnf;cdkae&aom {nfhonfrsm;jzpfí uRefawmf wkdUqD
wqifhvmaeolrsm;udk {nfhajrSmifrsm;[k ac:&ayrnf/ olwkdUum; &Ir0OD;ausmf?
armifaqGwifh? txGef;ESifh umwGef; udkazodef;wdkUjzpf\/
{NyDv 22-&ufaeU a&mufvmrnfh olwkdUvlpktwGuf 7-&ufrQ apmía&mufae aom
uRefawmfwkdUu tdrfonftjzpfESifh qD;BudK&avrnf/ þtajcü olwkdUonf
uRefawmfudkom tm;xm;&rnf/ taMumif;rSm olwkdUonf þ&yfXmeDudk wcgrQ ra&muf
bl;ao;? qufoG,fxm;aom todtuRrf;vnf; r&Sdojzifh uRefawmfuomvQif olwkdUae
xdkif&eftwGuf BudKwifpDrHxm;&rnf[k tcsdef;tcsuf&Sdonf/
xdkUaMumifh xdkaeUeHeuf uRefawmfhr&D;\ paw&Sif 0uf*Gef;um;ESifh awmifBuD;NrdKUrS 22
rdkifa0;aom [J[dk;av,mOfuGif;odkU uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;,Gef;cJUavonf/ [J[dk; onf
awmifay:NrdKUyifjzpfonf/ odkUaomf-uavmESifhawmifBuD;avmufawmh rjrifhacs/
xdkNrdKUESpfNrdKUMum; tv,favmufrSm wnf&Sdonf? awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf\ avqdyfNrdKUjzpf
onf/ BuD;us,fpnfum;jcif;r&Sd ao;i,fajcmufuyfvS\/
avqdyfonf NrdKUESifh awmfawmfvSrf;ao;onf/ avqdyf\ ½Icif;rSm 0ef;usifwGif
tmvl;ESifh *sKHwdkUxGufaom v,f,mwkdUrS vGefvwfaomf rIdif;ysaom awmifvbdkU
awmifESmarmif; awmif&dk; awmifwef; awmifxGwfwdkUaywnf;/
11-em&DcefUwGif av,mOfvmaMumif; oHacsmif;acgufvdkufonf\ rMumrDü?
awmifbuf&Sd awmifyckH;ay:rSm odef;iSufrQ&Sdaom av,mOfysHuav;? ysysay:vm\/ xdkrS
wjznf;jznf; BuD;vmvdkufonfum;? aemufqkH;wGif vlESpf'gZifrQ pD;&aom 'gudkwm
av,mOfBuD;onf 0D;ueJavqdyfxJodkU xdk;qif;vmawmh\/
av,mOfiSufBuD; pufowfí olUtawmifaemufu 0rf;ydkufudkzGifhvdkufaomtcgü
&efukefrS olrsKdvmcJUaom c&D;onfawG xGufvmMuonf/
]a[m...azaz [dkrSm OD;av;aqG}
OD;ausmfom; armifaqGu olUtaztm; uRefawmfhudk0rf;omtm;& jyonf/ OD;ausmfrl
uRefawmfhudkjrifvQif (xdkpOfurltwdkif;) olUxHrS ydkufqHawmif;rSm pdk;&drfaeao; onfh
rsufESmrsKd;jzifh rwkHaw;aw;Munfhí qif;vm\/ trSefvnf; uRefawmfonf
awmif;&ef&nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ odkUaomf...,ckcsufcsif; r[kwfao;/ olUudkuRefawmfhtdrf
ay:rSm aumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkí uRefawmfhaus;Zl;awG olUtay: awmfawmfBuD;
&SdavmufrS rSnfhy[qdkNyD; csnfNyD;wkwfNyD; tvDBuD;awmif;vdkuf&efjzpfygonf/
uRefawmfhZeD; uarÇmZ\ orD;awmfudkvnf; oifMum;xm;ygonf/
]'g[m....udk,fhtdrfay: aiGxkyfa&mufvmwmbJuG? olUudkvufoyfarG;&r,f? jyKpk
auR;arG;wJUtcgrSm omref{nfh0wfavmuf r[kwfzJ? waeUrSm zsufzdkUtrJarG;aewm?
odkUr[kwf EdkUnSpfdkU EdkUpm;EGm;rudk zGJEk ESrf;zwfawGauR;aewmvdkU oabmxm;&w,fuGJU
od&JUvm;? 'grS rif;vdkcsifwJU tif;av;Zif;r,fawG/ befaumufvkHcsnfawG udkaomif;pdef
rdef;rrsm; vufaqmifay;bdkU aiGMu,foD;awG bmawGazmazmoDoD 0,fEdkifrSmuG}
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;rSm OD;ausmfwkdUvlpk a&mufvmonfudk a&Txkyf
aumuf&oavmuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfMuum um;ESifh wifac:vmcJUygawmhonf/
]cifAsm; vmrSBudKyghrvm;vdkU}
um;ay:a&mufonfESifh OD;ausmfupí y#doEåm&jyKvmonf/
][m...aoaocsmcsm csdef;xm;wJUudpö? uRefawmfu cifAsm;vdk arhcsifa,mif
raqmifwwfygbl;As? EdkU...cifAsm;uRefawmfhjrifawmhaum csufcsif;rSwfrdvm;}
]udk&ifh&kyfBuD; usKyfubmvdkU rrSwfrd&rSmwkef;}
]aoaocsmcsmMunfhprf;ygtkH;? uRefawmfu tck&efukefrSmwkef;uvdk r[kwfzl;? abmif;bDeJU
ukwftuÐseJU vnfpnf;eJU tlwlyD,efvdk 0wfxm;w,fav}
,if;rS udkausmfonf uRefawmfhudk vSrf;Munfhum...
][...udk&ifbmawG 0wfxm;rSef; usKyfckrSowdjyKrdw,f}
]awmuf...emvdkufwmAsm/ udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;wvkH;eJU? ususee qif,if vmwm/
aemufydwf zdeyfawmif rpD;wmMumvdkU ajcMuyfNyD; tawmfemusifaeygonf/
odkUESifh uRefawmfu atmifhoufoufjzpfí...
]cifAsm;[m...w,fNyD; tdkAZm; aA;&Sif;nHUwJUvlbJ}
]usKyfu udk&ifudk tdkAZmhvkyf&atmif vmwmrSr[kwfzJ? EdkU....udk&ifu 'gawG0wf
vm&atmif 'Dt&yfrSm vdkvdkvm;As? tckjzifh uRefawmfwkdU rat;aygifAsm}
]'gu [J[dk;? EdkUNyD; cktcsdefu rGef;wnfhavmuf &SdaeNyDudkAs? awmifBuD; reuf
apmapmydkif;rSm b,favmufat;ovJqdkawmh cifAsm; [dka&mufawmhodvdrfhr,f}
][dka&mufawmh usKyfwdkUaebdkU a[mfw,fcef; pDpOfNyD;yvm;....}
]a[mfw,fcef;r&bl; q&mBuD;? aEG&moDrSmrdkU uRefawmfwdkUt&if a&mufESifhwJU
vlawGeJUjynfhaeNyD}
]'gjzifh b,frSmae&rvJ}
]bkef;BuD;ausmif; Z&yfwckck &Smae&rSmayghAsm}
udkausmfu uRefawmfhpum;rrIbJ wkHPSdbma0 aeonfü...
]tvum; ajymwmygAsm... uRefawmfu cifAsm;wdkUvmrSmrdkU tdrfwvkH; oD;oefU&Sm
xm;ygNyD? 'DrSm BudKwifpDrHrIr&SdbJ a[mfw,fom tm;udk;vm&if 'ku©AsKdU? uRefawmfwkdU
awmif a&mufpuawmfawmfav; a*smufusvdkufao;w,f? tck cifAsm;wdkUawmh
uRefawmfwkdU&SdaevdkU}
]udk&ifhudk 'DavmufrS tm;rudk;&vJ &dkufowfypfzdkU aumif;awmhrSmaygh}
]tck uRefawmfwkdUae&wJU tdrfuav;u tdrftdk tdrfrif;av;As? tjrifrvSbl;? odkUaomf
taepkwfayr,fh a&TxkyfwJUjryk0g qdk&r,fayghAsm? bmaMumifhvJqdk uRefawmfwkdU
vifr,m;aeMuwmudkAs...}
tcrJU {nfh&dyfom
awmifBuD;wNrdKUvkH;wGif wckwnf;om&Sdaom ykvdyfvufjywdkif vrf;*GrSonf?
awmifESifhajrmufvmaom rif;vrf; (Main Road) awmifBuD;NrdKU\ tBuD;qkH;tpnfqkH;
vrf; taemufzufvGefvQif aps;vrf;? ta&SUbufudkrl r[mokcvrf;/
¤if; r[mokcvrf;xJodkU ykvdyfvufjywdkifrS ta&SUpl;pl;0ifcJUyg/ rMumrDü vrf;wck udk
jzwfausmfNyD;aemuf vuf0JbufwGif wdkufjzLjzLBuD; wvkH;udk awGU&vdrfhrnf/ wdkufjzL
BuD;\eHab;&Sd opfom;tdrf rGJajcmufajcmuf uav;rSm uRefawmfwkdU\ tcrJU{nfh&dyfom
aywnf;/
þtdrfuav;\ tdkZmykHudkMunfh&jcif;tm;jzifh olUtoufonf uRefawmfwkdU\
bdk;bavmuf&Sdayrnf/ ol\&ifcGifawmfü tqufqufaom tdrfaxmifom;wkdU aecJUMu
rnf/ 'kr*Fv okr*FvawGjzpfyGm;cJUMurnf/ idkoHawG &,farmoHawG olMum;cJUayrnf/
olonfrsm;pGmaom vlUb0u@awGudk udk,fawGUrsufjrif od&SdcJUayrnf/ olomajymjy
rnfqdkygu b0o&kyfazmfq&mrsm;\ pmaumif;ozG,f&Sdacsrnf/ olonf uRefawmfwdkU
xuf avmutaeMumcJUayNyD/ avmu"Hudk ydkíBuKHawGUcJUayNyD/ toGifroifhaomfvnf;
tjrif&ifhaom tzdk;tdkESifh wlavonf/
þodkUESvkH;ydkufrdaomtcgü uRefawmfwkdUonf btdk\&ifcGifwGifae&aom vlrr,f
ajr;uav;ozG,fol\ t&dyftm0gowGif ESpfodrfhMunfEl;rdav\/
awmifBuD;NrdKUESifh olUemrnf
jrefrmjynfwGif trnfemrü ]awmif}ygaom NrdKUawG&Sdavonf/ Oyrm a&Tawmif?
awmifwGif;BuD;? awmifil? odkUaomf xdkNrdKUwkdU\wnfaeykHrSm awmifESifhrnfodkUrQ rywfouf
zJ &Sdavonf/
awmifBuD;NrdKUum; ayav;axmifausmfjrifhaom awmifxdyfzsm;ü wnf&Sdae\/ xdkrQru
NrdKU\ta&SUbufwGif aywaxmifrQjrifhaom awmif&dk;awmifwef;BuD;u awmifBuD;NrdKU\
tEGwåonm vu©PmozG,frm;rm;BuD; &Sdae\/
uRefawmfwkdU\ wnf;tdrf acgif;&if;jywif;udk zGifhvdkufygu ,if;awmifwef;BuD;udk
xif;xif;BuD; jrif&onf/ xdkawmifwef;ay:ü vlrsm;&Sdaeygu vSrf;ac:vdkufvQif Mum;Edkif
rnfxif&onf/ odkUaomf tjrifeD;í c&D;a0;aomawmif? tarmifxifouJUodkU r[kwfacs
wum;.../
uRefawmfwkdUonf xdkawmifBuD;udk ai;armMunfh&Ium ,cifu rBuKHcJUbl;aom
tm&kHudkcHpm;&onf/ xl;jcm;aom &Icif;udkjrif&onf/ opfvGifaom pdwful;udk ,Ofrdonf/
umwGef;q&m udkazodef;ESifh armifaqGwifhrSm (xdkpOfolonf ykHqGJjcif;udk yef;csD q&m
jzpfEdk;Edk; pdwf0ifpm;aecdkufjzpfí) puúLESifh pkwfwHxkwfum vufprf;usifhMuonf/
awmifxdyfzsm;u wdrfudkzrf;? atmufajcwGif opfawmfyifrsm; 0ef;&Hxm;aom
nDtracsmwkdU tdrfuav;udkxnfh tv,fwGifrl aea&mifrSm aiGa&mifawmufaeaom
,luvpfyifwkdUudk tom;,lí a&mifpkHjc,fMu\/
tjcm;wa,mufaom txGef;ac: armifvSxGef;url "gwfykH0goem&SifrdkU uifr&m wjyifjyif
&Sdaeonf/
q&mausmfum; uarÁmZ tat;"gwfwGif Muufemuav;vdk ukyfvsuf olUvuf uav;
wvIyfvIyfESifh 'dkif,m&Da&;aebd\/
xdkpOfwkef;u udkazodef;vnf; tdrfaxmif rusao;/ armifaqGESifh txGef;u vlysKd
aygufuav;/ OD;ausmfurl 47-ESpf? uRefawmfqdkvJ 37-ESpf&Sdao;wmbJ/ uRefawmfwkdU
onf xdktcsdef xdktdrfuav;wGif aepOfu tvGefaysmfarGUMuonf/ eHeufapmapmx
vrf;avQmufvdkufMu? aps;xJ0ifí &Srf;jynf vuf&moa&pmawG pm;vdkufMu? uRefwmfwkdU
tm;vkH;onf þa'oodkU yxrOD;qkH; a&mufjcif;jzpfí tm;vkH;topftqef;jzpfaeum
awGUorQ jriforQ pdwf0ifpm;p&mcsnf;/ pma&;q&mu pma&;bdkUpdwful;? ykHqGJq&mawGu
ykHqGJbdkU tuGuf,l? uifr&m&Sif txGef;u "gwfykH&dkuf.../
OD;ausmfvnf; xdkpOfu pdwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;om&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ b0'ku©xJwGif acwårQ
ay:vmwwfaom ]okc}qdkonfh em;ae&m pce;fuav;odkU qdkufuyfaepOf jzpfay onf/
,if;tcsdef0,f oljyKpkwnfaxmifcJUaom &Ir0r*¾Zif;onf atmifjrifjcif;\ oufwrf;
10-ESpfxJ a&mufaepOf apmifa&trsm;qkH;? vlBudKuftrsm;qkH;jzpfvsuf txGwf txdwfü
wnfaecdkufrdkU OD;ausmf\b0wmwGif taysmfqkH;aom umvwck[k uRefawmf xifygonf/
odkUaomf b0[lonf &yfwnfaeonfr&Sd? tcsdefESifhtwl a&GUvsm;vsuf&Sday&m? xdkc&D;rSm
edrfhjrifhwufus 0rf;om0rf;enf; toD;oD; tqifhqifhaom tydkif;u@wkdUjzifh NyD;av&m?
xdkESpfu xdktcsdef xdktdrfuav;wGif uRefawmfwkdUvlpkonf wtdrfom;wnf; tjzpf
acwåqkHqnf;cdkufum; vlUb0wGif vdk&if;tusqkH;jzpfaom pm;aumif;jcif;?
tdyfaumif;jcif;? pdwf\csrf;omjcif;wkdUjzifh jynfhpkHcJUMuygay\/ udkazodef;onf xrif;pm;
&mwGif tMumqkH;ESifh taES;qkH;jzpfí ]aemufusyef;uefaq; acG;auR;}qdkaom pum;
twdkif; jzpfygrl olcsnf; vkyf&ayvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfwkdUu aemufMuonf/
,if;umvudk ,kcjyefawG;vdkufawmh twdwfjzpfoGm;cJUacsNyD/ xdktwdwfum; jyefí
r&paumif;? odkU&mwGif pma&;q&m\pGrf;yum;jzifh uRefawmfwkdU xdktwdwfudk
jyefíoGm;Mu&atmif/ vlra&mufaomfvnf; pdwfujyefa&mufEdkifyg\/ avmuwGif
pdwfomrlv y"e r[kwfayavm/
awmifwufyGJ
&Srf;jynf awmifBuD;NrdKUodkoGm;a&muf vnfywfMuvQif awmifay:wufjcif;ESifh
rkHw0*loGm;a&mufjcif; rjyKcJUygu um,'ku©ESifh pdwåokcjynfhpkHMurnf r[kwfay/
xdkUaMumifh waeUoü uRefawmfwkdUonf awmifay:wuf&efpDrHMuonf/ xrif;
[if;csufoGm;&rnf/ awmifay:a&mufrSpm;Murnf/
,if;eHeufü aea&mifESifhtwl tdrfrS xGufcJUMuonf OD;ausmf? udkodef;az? txGef;?
armifaqGESifh uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;/ þvlpkrSm aromvQif rdef;rom;jzpfaeí olUtm;
awmifcyef;wGif armifxrf;&rnf/ awmifw&dk;qDwGif armifydk;csD&rnf atmufarhcJU&m?
wu,fusawmh b,f[kwfrSmwkef;? uRefawmfwdkUtm;vkH;xJwGif arutrmqkH;jzpfaeonf/
olubJ a&SUaqmifvrf;jy OD;aqmifoGm;onf/ rMumcPem;&ef olUudk uRefawmfwdkUu
awmif;yef&onf/
taysmhqkH;u OD;ausmf? 'kwd,u uRefawmf/ 'DtxJra&Taru vlwufzdkU azmufvkyfxm;wJU
a&S;acwfu t*Fvdyftac: Loves Lane qdkwJU vrf;ajyajyu rwufzl;wJUAsm/
awmifwufw,fqdkwm cJcJ,Of;,Of;rS t&om&Sdw,fqdkNyD;? jzwfvrf;u ac:oGm;oAs/
uRefawmfwkdUrSm b,fodrwkef;/ oloGm;&mvdkuf&awmh aocsifyufusdjzpf ua&m/
olwkdUqDrSmawmh'DvdkbJ rdef;razmfawG wufaeuswJU/ tm*[mrrsKd;awG? olUpdwfxJrSm
olwkdUrdef;rom;awG awmifwufEdkifwm? uRefawmfwkDUudk a,mufsm;awG&,fvdkU
txifBuD;[efwlyg&JU/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUu a,mufsm;awGayr,fh taysmhpm;awGubJ/
olwkdUt&yftac: 'Dawmifwufwmudk ]bk&m;awmifwufMur,f}qdkawmh OD;ausmf pdwfxJrSm
olUZmwda&TawmifNrdKUu a&Tewfawmifbk&m; wuf&ovdk atmufarh[efwlyg&JU/
olUpwdkiftwdkif; befaumufvkHcsnfeJU tay:zkH; tusÐeJUqdkawmh*GbJ? odkUaomf awmfyg
ao;&JUAsm/ twGif;cHabmif;bDcyf&Snf&SnfuygvdkU/ ykqdk;cg;pnf;NyD; wuf&awmhw,f/
vufESpfzuf oG,fwuf&w,f/ opfyifjrpfawGqJGwuf&w,f/
uRefawmfjzifh ]a[h a&mufao;bl;vm;uG...} ]a&mufao;bl;vm;uG}eJU vSrf;vSrf; ar;&if;
c&D;w0ufavmufa&mufawmh jyefqif;csifpdwf ay:vmwm trSefbJ/ OD;ausmfvJ
jyefqif;csifpdwf ay:wJUtaMumif; aemufawmhajymjyw,f/ tJ'DrSm wckawmfygao;&JU/
udkodef;azu awmifwufwJU pmawGzwf? ykHawGavhvmcJUbl;xifyg&JU/ BudKwifajrmfjrifNyD;
BudK;wacsmif; 0,fcJUayvdkU/ a&SUuarmifaqGwdkU txGef;wdkU vli,fawGudk qGJcdkif;NyD;
arS;wufcJU&w,f/ q&mausmfBuD;u aemufydwfqkH;av/
aemufqkH;awmh vIdif;BuD;avSatmuf? awmifBuD;z0g;atmufayghAsm? [J[J..[J[J
(rcsdoGm;NzJav;...)
þawmifBuD;ay:ü bk&m;awmif? awmifcRef;? ausmufwvkH;[lí okH;Xme&SdcJU&m?
yxrOD;qkH; uRefawmfwkdU bk&m;awmifudk oGm;Muonf/ eHeuf 8-em&DrS pwifcJU&m?
xdkbk&m; awmifay:a&mufonfü 10-em&DausmfcJUayNyD/
bk&m;awmif
bk&m;awmif[k ac:onfrSm tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD; wnfxm;cJUaom wef;aqmif;ESifh
qif;wkawmf &Sdjcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ tjcm;apwD okH;qlvJ&Sdonf/ *syefrsm;
XmyemwdkufazmufoGm;í 0rf;ydkufa[mif;avmif;jzpfMuukef\/
xdkawmifay:wGif tapmifhvlaeum wJausmif;wck&Sdonf/ odkUaomf bkef;BuD; oDwif;rokH;/
&Srf;tzdk;tdkESpfa,mufom&Sdonf/ uRefawmfwkdUa&mufonfudkjrifvQif
vufzuf&nfMur;fyGJESifh vmí{nfh0wfjyKMuonf/ pum;pjrnfajymonf/
uRefawmfwkdUa&mufNyD; watmifhavmuftMumü tjcm;bk&m;zl;rsm; a&mufvmMu onf/
ytdkUvlrsKd; ay:vdef;(trsKd;om;) r,fvdef;(trsKd;orD;)awGjzpf\/ OykofaeUrSm
olwkdUvmwwfMuonf[k tzdk;tdkuajym\/ xdkaeUonfwefcl;vjynfh/
olwkdUonf bk&m;udk oufoufvGwf opfoD;ESifh qGrf;uyfMu\/ uyfykHrSm cJbG,f
wrsKd;udk wyGJpDcGJí udk,fhqGrf;Aef;ESifh udk,ftoD;oD; uyfMuav&m bk&m;&ifjyiftjynfhrQ
&Sdav\/ za,mif;wdkifrD;vnf; xGef;ñdSMuonf/
&Sdcdk;yxme jyKMuonfrSmvnf; tcsdefMum\/ NyD;vQif toD;oD; acgif;avmif;xdk;Mu
avonf/
xdkUaemuf qGrf;abmZOfudk odrf;qnf;í oifbkwfjyifay:üwifum usD;iSufawGudk
auR;avonf/
þudpöt00NyD;awmhrS olwkdUxrif;pm;Mu\/ olwkdU[if;rSm refusnf;&Gufokwf? yJykyf?
a<urkHUaMumf? o&ufoD;rSnfh? tm;vkH; oufoufvGwfjpf\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf vufzuf&nfMurf;wtdk;ESifh awmfawmfMum tarmajzMu\/ xdkpOfrSm
aronf tqifoifh,lcJUaom ig;zdef;uifwckESifh [if;csKdtdk;wnfonf/ qlvQif
xdkawmifay:wGif&Sdaom pG,fawmf&GufEkawGudk cwfítdrfrScsufcJUaom Muufom;qDjyef?
yJykyfcsuf? o&ufoD;oeyfESifh pm;av&m vlawGuvnf; yifyef;qmavmifaeojzifh tvGef
NrdefMuukef\/
'ku©ESifh&if;í okc&Smjcif;wrsKd;aywnf;/
uRefawmfwkdU xrif;pm;NyD;aomtcsdef ykHqGJq&mESifh "mwfykHq&mwdkU tvkyf&IyfMu onf/
'dkif,m&D q&mausmfuvJ a&;yghAsm/ uRefawmfawmh t&ufuav; ESpfcGufavmuf ESifhrdkU
xif½l;yifatmuf olU&GufqHajcmufarGU&may:ü ausmufwkH;ay:vufckacgif;tkH;í rSdef;bd\/
wa&;Edk;vwfaomf rsufESmjzLr 3-a,mufESifh udkazodef;wkdUonf olwkdUykHqGJpmtkyf ESifh
vJvS,fMunfh½IaeMuonfudk awGU&onf/ ar;prf;Munfhawmh ,ck &efukefuefawmfBuD; &Sd
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; aMu;&kyfudk oGef;vkyfaom yef;ykq&mBuD;\ZeD;ESifh olUtazmfr
ESpfa,muf? yef;csD0goem&SifwkdUygwJU Oa&myrS vma&mufvnfywfMuolrsm;wnf;/
uRefawmfwkdUonf em&Djyef wcsufcefUü udkif;udkif;BuD; ikHUMunfhaeaom awmifxGwf jzpf&m
awmifBuD;NrdKU wNrdKUvkH;onf uRefawmfwkdUrsufpdatmufa&mufaeav\/ av,mOf
ysHay:u jrif&onfhES,f? tdrfajcwdkufwmawG i,foGm;av&m? atmufrSvSrf;atmfvdkuf
vQif Mum;&rnfxif&aom uRefawmfwkdU tdrfuav;udk renf;&SmMunfh&onf/ eHab;u
wdkufjzLjzLBuD;aMumifhom awGU&onf/
awmifatmufu Munfhawmh awmifxGwfudkeD;onfxif&í xdkawmifxGwfrS
atmufudkjyefMunfhawmh a0;onfxif&\/ tm;vkH;t&mwdkUonf ao;i,fvSygbd/
]atmf...ighajr igh,m ighwdkufwmeJUvdkU vlawG[m udk,fydkifwm uav;awGudkMunfh NyD;?
txifa&mufvdkufMuwm? 'Dtay:uae ikHUMunfhvdkufawmh wNrdKUvkH;[m bmrSr[kwf zl;?
uav;upm;wJU NrdKUykHpHt&kyfeJU wlao;awmhw,f}[k OD;ausmfu wpdrfhpdrfhMunfh&if;
rSwfcsufcsonf/
]tJ'g[m avmuudk tjyifuxGufMunfhwJU tjrifrsKd;ayghAs? xm0pOf'DvdkbJ
jrifwwfzdkUvdkw,f}[k uRefawmfu ynm&Sdvkyf\/
]Munfhprf;...[dktdrf....[dktdrfuav;awGxJrSm vlawG? tdrfaxmifom;awG[m udk,fhtpk
ttkyf udk,fhtvkyf? udk,fh'ku© udk,fhokc toD;oD;eJUaeMuwm? yk&GufqdwftkHxJ u
yk&Gufqdwfuav;awGeJU rwlbl;vm;Asm...}
]odyf...w&m;usraeeJU q&mBuD;? vlygusoGm;vdkU t&dk;tom;&SmrawGUbJ aetkH; r,f...}
xdkawmifcRef;ay:wGif tawmfem;aeNyD;rS uRefawmfwkdUatmufodkU jyefqif;Muonf/
tqif;wGif jrefjrefa&mufatmif apmufaom jzwfvrf;rS qif;Muojzifh vlawGudk,fudk
xdef;rwfEdkif&ef opfyifi,frsm;udk EIwfí awmifa0S;vkyfMu&onf/ þtxJrS q&mausmf
rSm cPcP zifavQmusjcif;jzifh olUtwGif;cHabmif;bDNyJavonf/ uRefawmfwkdUu tjrif
rawmfí rajymaomfvnf; olUom;urae....
]a[m..azaz...abmif;bDNyJaeNyDAs}qdkawmhrS olUykqdk;cg;pnf;udkajzcsí awmif tqif;rSm
olUydk;vkHcsnfESifh pwdkifwif;aeawmh\/
awmifcRef;rS qif;NyD; enf;enf;ajyaom ae&ma&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwkdU\
a&SUaqmifvrf;jy uif;axmufr,fu...
]a[m...[dku awmif*rl[m..ausmufwvkH;bJ? tJ'Dudk oGm;MutkH;rvm;}[k
uRefawmfwkdUykHyef;awGudkMunfhí ar;jref;&m? OD;ausmfESifh uRefawmfonf ESpfa,mufpvkH;udk
wdkifyifxm;Muonfhtvm;/ OD;acgif;awG,rf;Muum...
][m...awmfNyD...awmfNyD...atmufjrefjrefa&mufr,fh vrf;omnTefjyygawmh..}
3-em&Davmuf tdrfjyefa&muf? aemufwaeUreufwGif uRefawmfwkdU udk,fa&m vufawGrSm
xk&dkufxm;ovdk emaeawmhonf/ vrf;rravQmufEdkifMuawmh? ra&Tar
awmifay:oluawmh bmrQrjzpf? aps;oGm;NyD; 0,fjcrf;csufjyKwfvdkU? usKyfwkdUuawmh
ol0,fvmawmhrS eHeufpm rkHU[if;cg;udk pm;&awmhoAsm;.../
awmifBuD;ESifh&Srf;
&Srf;jynfawmifBuD;? awmifBuD;&Srf;jynf oGm;Murnfqdkawmh [dka&mufvQif &Srf;awG tMum;
jrefrmpum;rS vG,fvG,fulul ajymjzpfyghrvm;[k awG;í pdk;&drfcJUaMumif;? OD;ausmfu
ajymjyygonf/ pifppfaomfum;? awmifBuD;NrdKUonf &Srf;jynf[k qdk&aomfvnf; jrefrmjynf
t&yf&yf&Sd NrdKUrsm;uJUodkUyif/ w&kwfukvm; pD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;&mjzpfonf/ a&mif;a&; 0,fwm
ukefwdkufBuD;awGrSm trsm;tm;jzifh olwkdUomBuD;pdk;Muonf/ jrefrmESifh &Srf;ujym; awGrSm
vcpm;ESifh ukefonf? aps;onf i,fuav;rsm;om jzpfMuonf/ NrdKUay:wGif &Srf;
ppfppfyif enf;\/
yuwdtm;jzifh awmifBuD;NrdKUonf jrefrmjynf\ tjcm;NrdKUrsm;ESifh rjcm;em;bJ 5-
&ufwBudrf usif;yaom aps;aeUusrSomvQif ywf0ef;usif&Sd awmawmifa'owkdUrS ytdkU?
yavmif? awmif&dk;? &Srf;? "ekpaom vlrsKd;awG vma&mufMuí uarÁmZXmeD rnfayaom
o&kyfudk ay:ayonf/ þtcgwGif awmifBuD;aps; twGif;0,f &Srf;ukef;ajrjrifhxGuf
opfoD;opfESH opfOopfzkwdkU tpktpk ykHaeavonf/ ¤if;awmifBuD;NrdKUudk wnfaqmufMu
aom ausmaxmufaemufcH vlrsKd;pktppftrSefudk jrif&avonf/ ¤if;wkdUtxJrSm ytdkUu
trsm;qkH;jzpf\/
wu,fqdkawmh awmifBuD;NrdKU rsufjrifuGif;rSm &Srf;taMumif;udk a&;p&m r,fr,f &&
&SmrawGUyg/ awmifBuD;NrdKUay:rSm &Srf;ppfppfudk r&Sdoavmuf qdk&rnfyif/
a[m...pum;pyfrdí ajym&OD;rnf/ tck uRefawmfhrdef;rvJ rat&Srf;r? zat jrefrmav/
tr,f...pum;pyfrdvdkU OD;ausmfuvJ ajymoAs/ olUtzGm;[m pum;e,fu &Srf; tppfwJU?
wdkif;jynfrom,mvdkU jrefrmjynfa&mufvmNyD; a&TawmifrSm tajcpdkufojzifh
olwkdUqif;oufvmcJU&w,f qdkoudk;As/ OD;ausmf[m jrefrmpum; aumif;aumif;ryDwJU
olUtzGm; &Srf;rBuD;udk rSDvdkufao;owJU? 'gaMumifh OD;ausmfu olUrSm&Srf;aoG; av;ykHwykH
ygw,fvdkU qdkAs/
aomfwmaqGrSmvnf; &Srf;aoG;ygonf
atmf...olrsm;ajymNyD; uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmfjyefpdppfvdkufawmhvnf; &Srf;aoG;
ruif;acswum;? tpOD;awmh uRefawmfrodao;ygbl;? wcgawmh uRefawmfu tazhudk
ar;Munfhw,f/ ]taz&,f...vlrsm;awGu uRefawmfhudkArmeJUrwlbl;? w&kwfujym;vm;vdkU
ar;Muw,f? uRefawmfwkdUrSm w&kwfaoG;rsm; pyfovm;Asm}ar;Munfhawmh tazu ]w&kwf
aoG;pyfwmr[kwfzl;? rif;ArmeJU odyfrwlwmu 'dkUrSm&Srf;aoG;ygw,f? ightzdk;u &Srf;rsKd;
bJ} ajymrS uRefawmfrSm atmf..&Srf;eJU w&kwfu e,fcsif;pyfaeawmh &kyfcsif;qifMuoudk;
vdkU oabmayguf&awmhoAs/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfhudk w&kwfvdkU rxifMuygeJUawmhAsm...
aemf..../ uRefawmfwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;ppfppfyg/
rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGuf
OD;ausmfwkdU vlodkuf uRefawmfwdkUwnf;tdrfav;odkU a&mufNyD;? 10-&ufrQ avmuftMum
aeUv,fcif;ü uRefawmfhudk oduRrf;aeNyDjzpfaom pmydkUvkvifa&mufvm um tdrfatmufrS
]OD;aomfwmaqG refeDatmf'gygw,f cifAsm}[k toHudkMum;&onfwGif uRefawmfrSm
vGefpGmtHUMooGm;avonf/
igb,folUqDrSvJ rrSm&bJeJU b,fursm;? vmygvdrfh tdk...b,fujzpfjzpf aiG&wm
0rf;enf;p&mvm;? ,lxm;vdkuf&kHayhg[k tm;cJNyD; atmufqif;vmawmh vm;vm;..jzpfykHu
]OD;aomfwmaqGrS aus;Zl;jyKí OD;ausmfodkU}wJU/
usKyfrsufvkH;udkjyL;oGm;w,f/ aiGuav;uvJ 100d-xJ&,f/ 'geJU uRefawmfu
tay:vSrf;NyD;...
]OD;ausmfcifAsm; aiGrSm;xm;ovm;}
][kwfw,f? usKyfrSmaiGukefcgeD;aewmeJU}qdkNyD; olqif;vmw,f/
uRefawmfhrSm t&Idufxdk;vdkufovdk idkifqif;oGm;awmhonf/
b,fhES,fAsm tdrfay:aiGaowåm a&mufaeNyD; vdkoavmuf awmif;,lvdkufr,fvdkU
tm;cJxm;ygw,f/ 'if;um; aiGuav;w&m jyefrSmokH;ae&w,fqdkawmh awmuf/
NyD;awmh olwkdUom;tzESpfa,muf ajymMuwmvJ em;axmifOD;av/
armifaqGu... ]azazaiGa&mufNyD? uRefawmf&Srf;abmif;bD0,fr,f? "g;0,fr,f}
][m...r0,feJUtkH;uG? ighrSm okH;p&mawG&Sdao;w,f}
]tdk...azazuvJ OD;av;wmu &Srf;"g;0,fcJUygrSmvdkufvkdUAs}
]rif;"g;u b,favmufay;&rSmvJ}
]aps;ar;MunfhNyD;NyD ESpfq,favmufzJ}
]'gjzifh rif;OD;av;aqGqDu acs;&&if 0,foGm;vuGm? [dkusrS armifwmqDu
awmif;ay;vdkuf}
ao[JU eEd´,/
tvDBuD;awmif;vdkufr[JUvdkU olUudkaumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkcJU&orQ tv[ó
jzpfavNyD.../ uRefawmfhpdwful;,Of ausmufawmifBuD; tpdwftpdwftrTmrTmuGJavNyD/
usKyfuyif olUom; aiGacs;&OD;rwJU/
ompGtif;av; owif;arT;onf? a&S;,cifuyif Mum;bl;em;0ESifh pdwful;,OfcJU& onf/
tif;jyifus,fBuD;xJwGif a&ay:ü&Gmrsm;wnfí aeMuonf/ uRef;arsmtay:&Sd tdrfawGudk
aqmufMuonf/
uRef;arsmqdkonfrSm atmufuajreJUrqufzJ a&ay:rSmaeaom uRef;udkqdk&yg rnf/
]a&ay:rSm ay:aewJUuRef;qdkum Mum;&onfESifh tHUMordygonf/ xdkUjyif xdkuRef; onf
arsmaeí ]uRef;arsm}[k ac:wef&m\[k pOf;pm;rdjyefaomtcgü uRefawmfrSm tawmfyif
OD;aESmuf&Iyfp&m pdwful;,Ofrdjyefawmh\/
a&jyifus,f tif;tdkifwkdUrSm avjyif;xefwwfonf/ xdktcgü uRef;arsmay:wGif
wnfaqmufxm;aom tdrfwkdUudk avuwdk;a0SUjcif;jzifh olwkdUw&GmvkH;onf {&m0wDjrpf
twGif;u &GufavSBuD;rsm;uJUodkU arsmukefMuayvdrfhrnf/ xdkUjyifavjyif; 0JvSnfhjcif;?
avaAGxjcif;rsm;jzpfvQif uRef;csif;tdrfcsif; wdkufcdkufMuí ivsifvIyfouJUodkU jzpfukef&Sm
onf/ jrefrmwkdUxkH;pH tdrfajc&if;acgif;&if;? ta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmufwdkUonfvnf;
wcsdefESifh wcsdefrwlbJ wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd; ajymif;vJaeawmhrnf/
]ArmtawG;-&Srf;tajy;}qdkoudkAs/ tJ'DtawG;om rSefvdkuf&ifvJ tBuD;tus,f
'ku©ygbJvm;/
r[kwfao;ygbl;av? 'Dvdkrjzpf&atmif olwkdUwenf;wvrf; pDrHMunfrSmaygh/
b,fvdk pDrHrvJ/
uJ..Armav;..awG;vdkufprf;/
olwkdUtdrfawG acgif;&if;ajc&if; ESpfzufrSmvnf;aumif;? tdrfa&SUESifhaemufaz;buf
rSmvnf;aumif;? uRef;arsmab;wGif atmufu ajrBuD;a&mufatmif wdkifBuD;ESpfwdkif
odkUr[kwf av;wdkif tcdkiftrmpdkufNyD; tdrfawGudk BudK;rsm;Esifh qdkif;xm;ayrnf/ odkUrSom
vQif tdrfonf ra&GUr&Sm; rvSnfhrywf&Sdawmhrnf/
tif;...tJ'g jzpfEdkif&JU? tJ'DykHpHtwdkif; uRef;arsmwckay:tdrfwvkH;? odkUr[kwf ESpfvkH;
okH;vkH;? ponfjzifh pdwful;,OfMunfhvdkufawmh olwkdU&Gmu tdrfajcawG[m qif;&J
csrf;omvdkufí &efukefjrpfxJrSm ausmufcsxm;wJU avSawG orÁmefawG oabfmawGESifh
wlawmhoudk;/
tJ...w&Gmuw&Gmudk wtdrfom;vkH; tvnfoGm;csifw,f qdk&ifjzifh wdkifuqdkif;BudK;
awGjzKwf? tdrfacgifrdk;ay: &GufwdkifxlNyD; avaMumif;vdkufí vTifh&kH&Sdawmhwmaygh/ w,fvJ
edyfvdkufygvm;/ 'gaMumifh olwkdUa&xJ uRef;arsmay: tdrfaqmufaeMuwmbJ/ w,fvJ
OmPfBuD;wJUvlawGyguvm;/
wuxJ &GmvkH;uRwf r*Fvmaqmif udpötwGufvnf;aumif;? tvSLtwef;twGuf
vnf;aumif;? oGm;p&m&SdMu&ifjzifh [D..[D...uRefawmfwkdUqDrSm EGm;vSnf;awG? armfawmf
um;awG? armif;oGm;Muovdk olwkdUrSmawmh tdrfawG&GufvTifhoGm;MuawmhrSmbJ/ w,fvJ
aumif;vdkufyguvm;/ p&dwfpuvJrukef/ b,foljzifhrrmvdkUrvdkufEdkifbl;qdkwmr&Sd/
b,fuav;rSvJ vdkufyg&ap ylp&mrvdk/
tdk....olwkdUXmeonf ewfbkHewfeef;ygwum;/
tif;av;uefwGif uRef;arsmay:wGif tdrfaqmufí &GmwnfaeMuaMumif; uRefawmf\ZeD;
uarÁmZorD;awmfu ajymíMum;&aomtcgü uRefawmfutxufyg twdkif;
a&TOmPfawmfpl;a&mufNyD; ]rif;ajymwJUtwdkif; tJvdkaerSmbJ}[k olUudkajymMunfh&m
]tdk...rdarmifpdwful;ujzifh vGefNyD;pma&;q&myDyD awG;aMumudk&Snfw,f}
]at;av..'gawmh igutawG; rif;utajy;udkuG..}
]rif;utajymvdkUqdkyg pum;ajymwm um&efvdkufraeprf;ygeJU...}
][m...'gu um&efvdkufajymwm r[kwfzl;uG? ]igu tawG;rif;utajy;}qdkwm rl&if;udk
ajymwmbJ}
]bmt"dyÜm,fvJ}
]tdk..iguArm rif;u&Srf;ravuGm... ]ArmtawG; &Srf;tajy;}qdkwJU pum;udk
emrfpm;oGif;ajymwmuG}
]awmfprf;yg...ArmtawG; &Srf;tajy;qdkwmjzifh oufoufArmawGu &Srf;udkESdrfwJU
pum;yg/
][..'Dpum;rif;u rcHEdkif&atmif tckigawG;wmawG r[kwfzl;vdkU rif;ajymEdkifo vm;}
]'guawmh arvJudk,fwdkif ra&mufzl;vdkU rodao;bl;...}
]'gjzifh igvdkynm&Sdudk jiif;raeeJUawmh? 'dkUa&mufwJUwaeUrSm trSefodMurSmaygh}
]uJ...ajymaeMuma&mh? awma[r0g? omwJUeef; ArmtawG;&Srf;tajy;wJU pcef;ra0;vSwJU
tif;av;XmeD? rMumrDod&atmif ArmawG; awG;tNyD;rSm &Srf;ajy; ajy;MunfhMupdkU&JU
'Drav&Gmpm; armfawmfum;eJUydkU}
(xdkpOf OD;xGef;&u pHum;e,f trwfqdkawmh &Gmpm;ru e,fpm;vdkUawmif ac:csif
ac:EdkifwmayghAsm? bmaMumifhqdk OD;xGef;&wdkU um;eJUydkUwmudk;)
awmifBuD;rStif;av;
arv 3-&ufaeU rGef;wnfh 12-em&DcefUwGif OD;xGef;&? OD;odef;nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wkdU\
armfawmfum; ESpfpD;jzifh OD;ausmf? armifaqG? txGef;? udkazodef;ESifh uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;
oaumifhom; 'gZif0ufwkdUonf tif;av;odkUoGm;&ef awmifBuD;NrdKUrS xGufcJUMu av\/
awmifBuD; awmifcyef;ü auGUum ywfum qif;aepOfwGif &moDOwkrSm rIdif;ysys &Sdonf/
awmifckd; awmifaiGUwkdUonf [dkwpk onfwpk ylíaeMuonfudk tay:rSpD;í
MunfhEdkifonf/ atmufajc cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm usD;jzLuefazG;azG;udkjrif&onf/ usD;iSuf\
ykHo@mefESifhwlí usD;jzLuefac:onf[k qdkMuonf/ wcsKdUuvnf; þuefwl;pOf
apmfbGm;\ yckH;ay:udk usD;jzLvmem;í[k qdkMuonf/
12-em&DcGJwGif awmifBuD;NrdKUrS 12-rdkifa0;aom a&TanmifNrdKUodkU a&mufMuíacwå &yfem;NyD;
blwm&kHudk 0ifMunhfMuonf/ awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf\ rD;&xm;vrf;qkH; rSefay wum;/
awmuf/ uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m; &efukefrSvmpOf {NyDv 14-&ufaeUnu tpm
iwfa&iwf wnwm 'kAÇdu©Eå&uyf cHítdyfcJU&\/ aea&mav; jyefjrif&awmh?
,cifu'kau©monf ,ck&,farmp&m jzpfaeonfudk qifjcifrd\/ blwm&kHtcef; ESpfckpyf
Mum;u vloGm;vrf; oJ&Syf&Syf/
a&TanmifrS xGufcJUí 3-rdkifomomcefU a&mufonfwGif ayg&dowfbk&m;udk awGU& onf/
bk&m;a[mif;ausmif;ysufudk jrifvQif olUtzGm;u pHum;e,fu&Srf;rsKd;[kqdkaom
OD;ausmfonf olUbdk;bGm; bDbifudk awGU&onftvm;? armfawmfum;&yfcdkif;NyD; txGef;tm;
"gwfykHudk &dkufapawmhonf/
aEGpdkufpyg;
xdkrS...a&SUodkUvm;aomf aEG&moDwGif jrefrmjynfESifh jcm;em;aom &Iarsmfcif;udk awGU&onf/
wmvrf;ab; ESpfzufajrmif;awGrSm a&awGjynfhvQHum woGifoGifpD;vsuf v,fawGrSm
aumufpdkufaeMu\/
wefcl;v aumufpdkufw,fqdkawmh uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmjynfom;tzdkU xl;qef;ae onf/
]b,fhES,f...OD;xGef;&..'Dtcsdefaumufpdkufaeawmh b,ftcsdef&dwfMuovJAs...
]0gqdk 0gacgifrSm &dwfwmayghcifAsm}
][if..tJ'DtcsdefrSm a&rBuD;bl;vm;...}
]BuD;NyDvm; q&m..avSeJU oGm;&dwf&w,f}
]tdk pyg;yifawG a&repfzl;vm;}
]repfwJU trsKd;cifAs? a&rsm;av olujrifhvmavbJ}
em;vnfygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmjynf a&rsm;&ma'orsm;wGif pdkufMuaom
]wawmifydk}pyg;rsKd; jzpfayonf/
olwkdUqDü v,f,mpdkufysKd;&onfrSm uRefawmfwkdUjrefrmjynfESifh qefUusifbufjzpf
aeonf/ uRefawmfwkdUXmeDrSm waEGvkH; ukef;ajcmufajcmufESifhaeí rdk;OD;us a&uav;
&vmrS xGef,ufpdkufysKd;&onf/ olwkdUqDuawmh q,fhESpf&moD a&rsm;aevsuf waygif;
wcl; a&enf;oGm;onfh tcgav;udkzrf;NyD; xGef,ufpdkufysKd;&ayonf/
jrefrmjynfu rdk;udkBudK&\/ olwkdUqDu a&usudk apmifh&\/ uRefawmfwkdUqDwGif
wmvrf;eHab;awGrSm t&dyftm0gotwGuf ukuúdKyifawG? olwdkUqDrSmawmh refusnf;yif
awG? &GufEka0vsuf wufcl;csifp&m aumif;vSonf/
a&TanmifNrdKUa&muf&ef rdkif0ufrQtvdkwGif a&T&efajyapwDwJU/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;BuD;
wckrSmvnf; tvGefa&S;usaom tEkpdyfvSaom yef;ykvuf&mawGESifh q&mausmfwkdU "gwfykH
&dkufMuao;onf/
anmifa&TESifh a&Tanmif
anmifa&TESifh a&Tanmifudk pmzwfol jrefrmjynfomjzifh owdxm;ygav/ anmifa&T rSm
jrefrm&mZ0ifwGif yg0ifcJUí uRefawmfwdkUem;rSm ,Ofaeojzifh/ a&Tanmif[laomem rnfudk
xyfMum;&onfwGif emrnfcsif; OD;ESifhyJUNidaeaomaMumifh wckxJayavm...em;axG; p&m
jzpfaeonf/ pifppfum;wNrdKUpD/ 7-rdkifomomuav; a0;onf/
a&Tanmifonf awmifBuD;ESifh[J[dk;oGm; um;vrf;ay:wGif&Sdí ckacwfrSm rd;&xm;
blwmaMumifh xif&Sm;onf/ anmifa&Tum; xdka&TanmifrS cGJoGm;&aom tif;av;odkU
pD;qif;aom acsmif;urf;yg;ay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/ &Srf;jynfapmfbGm; NrdKUawmfBuD;jzpfí
&mZ0ifrSm xif&Sm;cJUonf/ BuD;pGmaom a[mfeef;BuD; &Sdonf? aemufqkH; pdk;pHcJUolum;
pyfa&Todkuf/
anmifa&TNrdKU&Sd &wemrmefatmif apwDawmfBuD;um;? a&Tajymifajymif bkHtqifh qifhESifh
oyÜm,fvSygaypG/ þykHrsKd;udk jrefrmjynfü rawGUbl;ao;acs/ avbuf;av;wef wGif
tkwfeH&HwHwdkif;BuD; um&Hxm;\/
aeUv,fwem&D 15-rdepfwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf tif;av;odkUoGm;&ef avSqdyfodkU
a&mufMu\/
olwkdUqDu avSawGjrif&awmh uRefawmfwkdUrsufpdwGif xl;qef;jyefacsonf/ jrefrmjynf&Sd
b,ft&yfu avSESifhrSrwl/ txl;ojzifh udk,fxnfajymifajymifESifh &Snfvsm; onf/
avS0rf;ydkufxJwGif tuefUrsm;vnf;r&Sd/ zsmcif;NyD; ajyjypfpGmxdkif&onf/ a&pdrfh
r0ifEdkifatmif pyfaMumif;rsm;udk o&dk;udkifxm;onf/ þavSBuD;rsKd;udk
yJUcsdwfpufwyfonf/ ,if;armfawmfESifh uRefawmfwkdU c&D;qufcJUMuonf/
anmifa&TrS tif;xJxGufaom acsmif;rSm 10-ayrQomus,f&m? xdktxJwGif
ydwfpG,fyifrsm;u ESpfzufnSyf aygufae&kHru aA'gyifawGuvnf; xlajymvSojzifh
armfawmfyif tawmfcJ,Of;pGm xdk;xGuf&\/ tcsKdUae&mwGif vrf;aysmufaeí avSay:rSm
toifhaqmifxm;&aomxdk;0g;ESifh aA'gtkHawGudk wGef;z,f7onf/ þae&monf ]bJtkyfu
w&mESpf&m aA'gu wyifxJ r[kwf/ ]OD;aA'g tm;rmefaumif;? acsmif;ydwfa&mh bJ}
,if;odkUcufcufcJcJoGm;ae&pOf rsufESmcsif;qdkifvmaom vufavSmfavSudkrl
armfawmfvmwmjrifvQif acsmif;us,fus,fae&mrSm &yfwefUí ae&onf/ armfawmfcsif;
awGUvQif ESpfOD;vkH;u puf&yfNyD; jznf;nSif;pGm a&Smif&onf/
þenf;jzifh ESpfrdkifausmfrQ c&D;oGm;&NyD;? aemufqkH;uGif;jyifus,fBuD;xJ a&mufrS
armfawmfudk pufukefzGifh&avawmh\/
'Dtcgusawmhjzifh w,fpD;vdkU aumif;vSoAsm.../
a&a&mifrSm pdr;f&mujym? jym&mrS &ifharmif;vmavonfwGif tif;xJ wrdkifc&D;rQ
a&mufavaomf..yuwd yifv,ftwdkif; jzpfoGm;av\/
a&a&mifcsif; wlbdvnf;? yifv,fuJUodkU vIdif;avSvkH;0r&Sd/ vufESifhcyf,laomf
yuwdpdrf;jymjym tcJBuD;rsm;ygvmrnfxif&\/ wu,fMunfhawmh vufxJwGif bma&mif
rQr&Sd/
þtif;BuD;onf ta&SUESifhtaemuf awmif&dk;ESpfckMum;ü ',ftdk;BuD;ozG,f wnf&Sd
aeav&m? teH 7rdkif? tvsm; 14-rdkif? &Snfownf;/
oHo&mBuD;ESifh b0wu@
uRefawmfonf 1955 ckESpf? aEG&moDuarmif;ruef yifv,furf;ajcodkU a&mufcJU onf/
armif;ruefurf;ajconf 'Da&twuftus vIdif;*Dwjzifh tqkH;owfr&Sdaom
yifv,fa&jyifudk Munfhí &Iarm&onf/
tif;av;onf e,fedrdwf owfrSwfxm;aom a&? ajr? awmawmifudk Munfhí
MunfEl;&\/
yifv,f&IarQmfcif;onf tqkH;udkrcefUrSef;Edkifaom oHo&mBuD;ESifhwlí tif;av; uefonf
rdrd\ ypöu©b0 wu@ESifhwlygonf/
]tif;v,fodkUa&mufí a&xJ aqmufvkyfxm;aom AdkvfwJudkjrif&aomf? uRefawmf wdkUtm;
OD;xGef;&u yxrü þAdkvfwJwGif wnf;aprnf? BuHNyD;cgrS xdkpOfu ygvDref
a&G;aumufyGJeD;aeí z-q-y-vrS EdkifiHa&;yk*¾dKvfrsm;? rJqG,fw&m;a[m&ef vmMurnf
jzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUudk tif;aygckH&GmodkU ac:oGm;&onfqdkaom ajymif;vJcsufudk
vGefpGmrS0rf;om&ygawmh\/ taMumif;rSm þAdkvfwJonf vlaetdrfajcESifhreD;? a&v,f
wGif xD;xD;BuD;&SdaeoaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUtm; tus,fcsKyfESifh axmifcsxm;ouJUodkU
om &Sdacsonf/ uHaumif;aypG/ rdrdvdkcsifwmcdkif;ap&ef AdkvfwJapmifhom&SdowJU/
xdka&v,facgifrS vGefajrmufavaomf? &Gmaetdrfajcrsm;udk jrif&í? OD;xGef;&u
&Gmemrnfrsm;udk ajymjyonfü 'dkif,m&Dq&mOD;ausmfu bmvkyfzdkU&,frod wukyfukyfESifh
a&;bd\/ uRefawmfwkdUuawmh aygufwwfu&pum;aoG;Mu\/
uav;ajc csLqJGowJU
]a[h...armifaqG? rif;[dka&mif&ifawmh ajcaxmufcsLqGJxm;&vdrfhraemf...}
taMumif;rSm tif;av;uefa&xJü aqmufvkyfaexdkifMuaom tdrfwkdUü aqmhwwf
aomuav;t&G,frsm;udk ajcaxmufü csLukHqGJxm;onf/ rdbwkdUonf csLoHudk Mum;ae
ygu uav;tdrfay:ü aumif;pGm&SdaeaMumif;od&í csLoHaysmufoGm;ygu tdrfatmuf
usoGm;NyDjzpfojzifh Munfvifaom a&xJü uav;udkjrif&vsuf vG,fulpGm vdkufí
q,f,l&onf/ odkUESifh olwkdUqDu uav;rsm;onf rMumrDa&ul;wwfukef\/
'guRefawmfh rdef;r&JUtajymcifAs? xdktaMumif;udk ajymjyí olwkdUtm; uRefawmfu
aemufjcif;jzpf&m? armifaqGu...
]OD;av;& uRefawmfu i,fayr,fhvdkU raqmhbl;cifAs? a[m'DOD;av; udkazodef; om
BuD;aumifBuD;rm;eJU odyfaqmhwm? olUajcaxmufudk csLBuD;BuD; qGJay;&r,f}
]at;..ighajcaxmuf csLBuD;BuD; qGJay;&r,fqdk&if ighxufBuD;wJUrif;taz ajcaxmufawmh
cavmufqGJay;&rSmbJ}
udkazodef;u jyeftkyfonfü armifaqGu raxmif;wmaomfvnf; olUarG;ozcifu
'dkif,m&Da&;ae&mrS...
]usKyfudkrxnfhMueJUav? udk&ifwkdU[m udk&ifwkdUcsif;ajymMu}
xdktcg tif;av;taMumif; Mum;bl;xm;onfrsm;xJrS aemufwckowd&í...
]a[h...armifaqG&? 'dkUu udkazodef;udkawmh ]t,fykHwmawvkyfovdk vkyf&r,fuG}
]b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ? OD;av;ajym...
t,fykHwmaw
a&S;acwfu (,ckawmhrod) olwkdUtif;av;ü vlysKdvSnfhMuonfrSm nOfhtcsdef
vlysKdutysKdUtdrfudk oGm;&onf/ xdktcgwGif vlBuD;rdbrsm;u a&Smifay;&í tysKdu
vlysKdudk rjyefrcsif; {nfhcHpum;ajym&onf/
wcgaomf rmeBuD;vSaom rdbESifh orD;ysKdwa,muf&Sdav&m? xdkrmeudk csKd;&ef?
&Twfwwfaemufwwfojzifh olwkdUtif;om;pum;jzifh ]t,fykHwmaw}trnf&aom vlonf
tjcm;tazmfwa,mufESifh bkef;BuD;ausmif;u wifysOfqif;wkawmfudk vkHNckHatmif
apmifESifhywfí vlokH;a,mufvmMuonfh[ef tv,frS rç,lNyD; avSay:rS tdrfay:odkU
wifMu\/ tysKda&SUa&mufaomtcgvnf; olwkdUokH;a,muf xdkifMuonfh
o@mefxdkifMuNyD; acwåtMumü vlESpfa,mufu ]uRefawmfwkdU jyefygtkH;r,f? cifAsm;udk
vlysKdvSnfh&atmif vmoluawmh a[m'DudkvlacsmygbJ}[k tysKdudkajymNyD; qif;wkawmfudk
xm;í jyefoGm;Mu \/
rmeBuD;vSaom tysKduvnf;pum;rp/
'Dvdk at;csrf;aom &moDrSm vlwdkif;yif wudk,fvkH; apmifNcKHavh&SdMuojzifh qif;wk
awmfrSef;vnf;rod/
wp-wpESifh nOfheufvmavaomf? tysKdvnf; tdyfcsifvmNyDjzpfí aemufqkH;ü
onf;rcHEdkifawmhbJ...
]&Sif...b,fhES,f[mvJ? ikwfwkwfBuD; xdkifaevdkUNyD;a&mvm;? ajymp&m&Sd ajymNyD; jyefav?
oef;acgif ausmfNyDawmh}
a&SUrSikwfwkyfrvIyf/
onfvdkESifh Mumvwfaomf? ra&Tacsmu rcHr&yfEdkifatmif a'goxGufum olUrdb
rsm;udkac:í wdkifawmhonf/
]a[m..'DrSm vmNyD; MunfhvkyfMuygtkH;? vla&SUrSm t&kyfBuD;vdk ikwfwkwfBuD; xdkifae NyD;/
bmwcGef;rSvJ rajymbJeJU? jyefcsdefwefvkdUvJ rjyefbl;? b,fvdkvlpm;vJ rodbl;}
xdkoa&mtcg rme&Sif rdbESpfyg;onf tl,m;zm;,m; a&mufvmMuNyD;? ]]a[h armif&if
vGefvScsnfhvm;? rif;b,folUom;vJ}[k vnf*kwfudk nSpfí apmifNcKHudk vSpfvkduf
avomf...
&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ &kyfyGm;awmf qif;wkrkedt&Sifudk zl;jrif&avum;? wkefvIyf
acsmufcsm;pGm/ &Sdcdk;uefawmhMuNyD;aemuf? &SufzG,fudpö vlolav;yg; rod&avatmif
csufcsif;yif avSESifh wifí&Gmxdyfausmif;odkU jyefydkU&av\/
odkUaomf..avSavSmfoGm;pOf wckaomae&mrS...
]AsKdUq&mBuD; orufavmif; ausmif;ydkUovm;..}[laom t,fykHwmaw\ atmf[pf oHudk
Mum;&onf[lowwf/ ajymprSwf pum;aywnf;/
þtaMumif;udk tajccHí uRefawmfu aemufjcif;jzpf&um;
]'DvdkavuGm...armifaqG&? rif;eJUigu udkazodef;udk qif;wkawmfvdk apmifeJUvkH atmif
ywfNyD;? tv,funSyfac:oGm;r,f? tysKdUtdrfay:a&mufawmh 'dkU3-a,mufxdkifMu NyD;
[dktwdkif;bJ udkazodef;udk a&SUxm;NyD; 'dkUujyefoGm;r,f? tJ'DtcgrS udkazodef;u bmrS
rajymbJ ikwfwkwfBuD; rvIyfzJae? 'Dawmh cketif;av;ykHjyif t,fykHwmawtaMumif;
Mum;bl;aewJU tysKd[m udkazodef;udk qif;wkawmfrSwfNyD; olUrdbawGudkac:r,f? 'Dawmh
rdbawGuvJ (tif;...acwfopft,fykHwmawawmh 'dkUtdrfvmayGoGm;NyD)qdkNyD; jyefydkUbdkU
b,fausmif;u qif;wkawmfvJ od&atmif apmifNcKHzGifh tMunfhrSm...}
]t[m;..[m;..[m;..}armifaqGobmawGUoGm;um..
]OD;av; rsufESmaMumif wvkvkav;vJjrifa&m? om;trdom;tazawG 0dkif;NyD;
b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ rodbl;aemf..}
]olUoabmusNyD; orD;eJUay;pm;csif ay;pm;vdkufrSmuG}
]tm...[kwfw,f? OD;av; azodef;vkyfygvm;As? vlysKdBuD;b0u pGHoGm;atmif}
NyKH;aphaphESifhem;axmifaeaom udkazodef;u...
]rif;wdkUtBuHrqdk;ygbl;uGm...'gayr,fh rif;tazurS ausmif;qif;wkeJU wlwmu tck
xdkifaeykHMunfhav...}
þwGif avS0rf;tv,fü tom;jzLjzL? ezl;ajymifajymifESifh (ajymr,fqdkvJ ajymp&m)
wifysOfacGxdkifaeaom q&mausmfudk oGm;xdjyefum...
]udk&ifwkdU[m udk&ifwdkUajymMuwm usKyfqJGrxnfhMueJUqdk}
,if;ü olUom;awmfarmifu olUtazudk aphaphMunfhNyD;]
][kwfw,f [kwfw,f? OD;av;azodef;ajymwm? azazu ausmif;qif;wkeJU wlw,f}
]w,f...'Daumifav;..ajym&r,fh rajym&r,fh pum;rSef;rod? vlBuD; r&dkraoeJU}
q&mausmfu om;udkqkH;rpum;ajym&m
][m...azazuvJ? ausmufqif;wkeJU wlw,fajymwm r&dkao&ma&mufrSmvmAsm}[k
armifaqGuapm'u wufonf uRefawmfu..][kwfom;bJAsm? ausmufqif;wkudkbJ
vlawG&Sdcdk;OD;cdkuf jyKaeMuwmbJ}
]awmf...awmf..udk&ifBuHpnfwJU udpöudk&ifxJ qif;wkawmfvkyf}
þwGif udkazodef;u..
][m..udkaqGeJUawmh rjzpfawmhbl;As? olUyg;pyfu nbufqdk t&ufeHUwaxmif; axmif;
xGufaewmbJ}
]tJ..[kwfw,f 'Dawmh OD;ausmfbJvkyf}
]udk&if yg;pyfydwfprf; rajymaumif;wJU pum;udk odMum;omoema&muf&if aps;OD; ayguf
rdk;BudK;ypfcH&rSm udk&ifbJ}
]atmifr,fav;..uRefawmfhyg;pyfu awGUu&mawG ajymwwfayr,fh pdwfxJu bk&m; w&m;
MunfndKw,fqdkwm odMum;rif;u odNyD;om;ygAsm}
tif;xJwGif tdrfajcwnfaeykHrsm;
uRefawmfwkdU c&D;onfvrf;wGif eef;yefNrdKUudk jzwfausmfcJUNyD;aemuf? nae3-em&DcJG wGif
tif;BuD;\ awmifbuftpGefü&Sdaom tif;aygckH&GmodkU a&mufMuav\/
xdktcgusrSyif uRef;arsmay:aqmufxm;aom tdrfwkdUudkra&TU&Sm;atmif qdkif;BudK; ESifh
xm;&vsuf c&D;oGm;vdkvQifwtdrfvkH; &GufvTifhoGm;Muvdrfhrnf[laom uRefawmf
r[mArm\ tawG;jyóemBuD; &Sif;vif; oGm;ayawmh\/
uRef;arsmqdkonfrSm xlxyfodyfonf;vSaom aA'gjyifrS tpjyKrnfjzpf\/ xdkaA'g
jyifay:udk avESifhrdk;ESifh 'dkufoa&mwdkUwifrnf/ xdk'dkufoa&mwdkUonf ykyfí aygif;pnf;
aomtcg ajrMoZmjzpfum jrufyifrsm;aygufrnf/ ,if;odkUvQif umvMumaomtcgü
a&ay:üay:vmaom uRef;arsmrsm; jzpfvmvdrfhrnfwnf;/
xdkuRef;arsmrsm;ay:ü tdrfawGwnfaqmufMuonfqdkonfrSm [dka&SUacwfor,
tif;av;wGif vlaewnfpu wHig tdrfuav;rsm;om jzpfayrnf/
,ckacwf wdk;wufBuD;yGm;aeaom tif;av;&Gmrsm;&Sd tdrfBuD; tdrfaumif;wdkUrl
a&atmufajrwGif wdkifpdkufí aqmufxm;Muonfom jzpfukef\/ tcsKdUvnf; a&wdrf&m
wGif ajrudkzdkU,lí uRef;jyKum ukef;ay:wGif aqmufMu\/
cktcsdefvnf; uRef;arsmay:wGif tdrfraqmuf r[kwfyg/ odkUaomf ao;i,faom
wJuav;rsm;omwnf;/ tcsKdUonf uRef;arsmay:wGif ajrBuD;wifí ukef;jyKum toD;
tyifpdkuf&ef tokH;cs\/ O,smOfajroawm/
tif;av;&Sd &GmwkdUonf ukef;wwef a&wwefESifh tifrwefacsmifusí rD;&xm;vrf;
armfawmfum;vrf; oabFmvrf;rSmvnf; r&SdaomaMumifh odyfNyD; ]awmus}
vSonfxif&onf/ odkUaomfrSm;avpG/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;aumif;í aMu;&wufrsm;&Sdojzifh
olwkdUtdrfawGrSm yD,mEdk? a&'D,dk z&pf*spf'gESifh yefumESifh? w&GmvkH; pkaqmufxm;Muaom
vQyfppf"gwftm;ay;pufESifh tif*sifrD;rsm;vnf; oD;yGifhMuukef\/ tif;av;vlcsrf;omwdkU
wGif olwkdUXmae a&jyifwGifokH;&ef yJUcsdwfarmfawmf? ukef;vrf;wGifoGm;&ef armfawmfum;
rsm;vnf;&SdMuí tif;qdyfurf;NrdKU jzpfaom anmifa&TNrdKUüxm;Mu\/
tif;av;&Sd &GmwdkU\vkyfief;rSm wHigv,f,mESifhydk;xnfrsm; &ufvkyfjcif;aywnf;/
jrefrmjynfü 0wfaeMuaom befaumufonf tif;av;rStrsm;qkH;xGuf\/
Zif;r,ftxnfum; jrefrmjynfwGif tif;av;rSwyg; tjcm;a'owGu rxkwfvkyfEdkifMu
ukef/
r&ufvkyfEdkifonfrSm ta&mifqdk;tuGufazmfykHuvnf;cuf? vufvnf; 0ifvSaom
aMumifhjzpf\/ befaumufESpfxnfNyD;csdefrSm Zif;r,fwxnfom&\/
xdkenf;udk,lí tjcm;a'owGif vkyfrjzpfr[kwfyg/ jzpfyg\/ odkUaomf vufcçcsif;
uGmvSí tif;av;xGufESifh ,SOfíNydKifNyD;a&mif;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/
bmaMumifh vufccsif; uGm&ygoenf;
wcgu tif;av;rS xdkynmwwfol ,uúef;onfrsm;udkac:um &efukefwGif Zif;r,f
befaumuf,uúef;axmif&ef BuHpnfbl;Mu\/ odkUaomftif;av;olrsm;onf
&efukefa&mufaomtcgü &ufcEIef;udk olwkdU&Gmu aps;ESifhrvkyfEdkifawmhacs/
taMumif;rSm vlaerIp&dwfu uGmjcm;vSaomaMumifhjzpf\/ xdkUtwGuf rEåav; uvnf;
r&ufEdkifjcif;jzpf\/
tif;av;ol tif;av;om;wkdUrSm a&xJwGifaeMuí rsm;pGmrS vlaerIp&dwf tukef tus
oufomvS\/ jyZmwf &kyf&Sifrsm;Munfh&efvnf;r&Sd/ naps;wef;xGufNyD; 'efayguf
acgufqGJpm;&efvnf; ewåd? 5-&ufwBudrf &Sdaomeef;yefaps;odkU udk,fhavESifhudk,f oGm;csif
rSoGm;NyD; vdkcsifwmudk 0,fygbd\/
tvkyform;rsm;onf NrdKUt&yfa'orsm;rSmvdk t0wftpm;udk [efusyefus qif,ifNyD;
vrf;p&dwf tukeftuscHum tvkyf&Sd&modkUoGm;&efrvdk/ udk,fhtdrfay:rSmyif
udk,fh,uúef;pifu&Sdae\/ odkUr[kwf [dkem;'Dem;u ,uúef;&kHrsm;udk xrD&ifvsm;ESifhbJ
avESifhoGm;vdkuf&kHaygh/
tif;av;wGif a,mufsm;a&m? rdef;ryg ,uúef;&ufMuonf/ olwkdU\ toufarG;rI ynmESifh
vkyfief;onf tdrfay:rSmbJ&Sdae\/
uRefawmfwdkU wnf;cdkcJUaom tif;aygckH&Gmonf tif;av;e,fwGif befaumufESifh Zif;r,f
trsm;qkH;&ufaom &GmBuD;jzpf\/ w&GmvkH;\ vkyfief;onf ,uúef;/ vlcsrf;om awGvnf;
rsm;vS\/
avSwpif;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUonf &GmxJudkavQmufvnfaomtcg? tdrf\wHwm;pGef;
ay:wGif ydk;rQifrsm; a&aq;aeonfudkjrif&onf/ vufcwfoH pDpDnHaeonf/ wcsKdU wtdrf
wpifodkUr[kwf oD;oefUaqmufxm;aom ,uúef;&kHBuD;rsm; pifNydKifcwfMuonf/ þum;...
,if; 1956-ckESpfu awGUcJU&aom jrifuGif;/
rwfwwf&yf avScwfonf/
uRefawmfwdkUonf avSay:wGifxdkifí vufjzifhom avSmfwwfonf/ olwkdUqDu
vlrsm;um;? rwfwwf&yfum vufwzufESifh wufudkudkifNyD; aygifMum;oGif;um ajcckHESifh
uvwfí cwfonf/
aumif;\/ avSmftm;vnf;&Sd\/ wudk,fvkH;vnf; vIyf&Sm;rI&\/ þenf;rQ rjyK& aomf
tif;av;ol? tif;av;om;wkdUrSm vr;favQmuf&ef ajrBuD;r&Sdojzifh atmufydkif;odrf
rukefavm? olUa'oESifholU"avhonf avsmfuefoifhjrwfonfomwnf;/
tif;om;ESifhaq;cg;
tif;om;ESifhaq;cg;
'Dvdktif;tdkifa'o pdrfhprf;&Sd&mXmewGif iSufzsm;a&m*g&&Sdayrnf/ taemufEdkifiH
aq;ynm&SifwdkU azmfpyfaom iSufzsm;a&m*g umuG,fonfh uGDEdkifonf cg;vS\/ xdkUtwl
taemufEdkifiHaq;awG jrefrmrsm; rMum;bl;cifu tif;om;awGpm;aeaom aq;cg;rSm
vnf; cg;vS\/ odkUaomf[if;xJxnfhcsufpm;onfjzpfí av;yifaomt&omjzpfvm\/
tif;om;wdkUrSm tusifhygaeí aq;cg;rygvQif pm;rjzpf/ uRefawmfwdkUrpm;bl;ol yifvQif
acG;awmuf? wrm? Muuf[if;cg;oD;rsKd; BudKufESpfoufoljzpfvQif aq;cg;udk cHwGif;
awGUoGm;wwfygonf/
aq;cg;onf olwdkUtif;xJwGif &Sdaom ]aq;cg;yif}udk tajcmufvSef;NyD; qD;jzLoD;
zefcg;oD;wdkUESifh trIefUaxmif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdktrIefUudk vQmESifhwdkUMunfhvQif
wGefUwuf oGm;atmif cg;vSí [if;wtdk;vufonf;waumfpmrQcwf&\/
olUt&omrSm yxrcsKdoGm;NyD; 'kwd,cg;í wwd,jyefcsKdjcif;jzifh tqkH;owfoGm;\/
azmifawmfOD;bk&m;
uRefawmfwdkUa&mufNyD; aemufwaeUü aps;aeUBuKHojzifh eef;yefaps;odkU oGm;MuNyD; aemuf
aeUv,fydkif;wGif tif;av;&Sdxif&Sm;aom &GmBuD;rsm;udk armfawmfESifhvnfywfMu onf/
tif;av;XmeDwGif txl;ojzifh tHUMocsD;usL;&onfrSm olwdkUqDwGif uRefawmfwdkU
jrefrmjynf rsufpdjzifh Munfhaomf&GmESifhrvdkufatmif bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;ESifh apwDykxdk;
rsm; BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSjcif;yifjzpfonf/
]wyJ&vdkU ESpfjym;vSL? igwdkUvlrsKd; wkEdkif&dk;vm;}qdkonfh o&kyfudkay:ayonf/
a&S;usaom apwD*lykxdk;rsm;ü&Sdaom yef;csDyef;ykwdkUonf yk*Hacwfu vuf&mrsKd;
jzpfaMumif; tavmif;pnfol (rPdpnfol) rif;vufxufu þXmeD pwnfcJUonf[k
tqdkjyKMuonf/
xdkUtjyif tavmif;pnfolrif; wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJUonfqdkaom azmifawmfOD; bk&m;/
]azmifawmfOD;bk&m;}qdk&mü apwDBuD;wqlr[kwf/ &kyfyGm;awmfi,f 5-ql?
wifyv’ifacGudk,fawmfrsm;jzpfMu\/ odkUaomfa&S;acwftqufqufu cscJUaom a&Trsm;
xlajymvSí rl&if;ykHawmfudk rzl;jrif&awmhay? aumuf&dk;rItikHvdk vkH;wkH;wkH;jzpfaeawmh\/
uRefawmfwdkUa&mufoGm;csdefü xdk&kyfyGm;awmfrsm; oDwif;okH;&ef uRef;BuD;wckay:rSm
BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom *E¨uk#Dausmif;awmfBuD;udk wnfaqmufaeonf/ wydkif;wpjrif&&kH
ESifh tif;av;ydokumwdkU vufpGrf;udk odomay\/
þazmifawmfOD; &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;rSm oDwif;uRwfyGJawmftcsdefwGif tif;av;&Sd &Gmrsm;odkU
tzl;tarQmfcH&ef a'opm&D<ucsDonfrSwyg;? tjcm;tcsdefrsm;wGif rlvae&mrS yifhír&[k
tqdk&SdcJUonf/
wefcdk;awmf
wcgaomf tmPmawmf tpGrf;jyvdkaom apmfbGm;wOD;onf vlxkqE´qefUusifí
yGJawmfcgr[kwfygbJvsuf &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk azmifESifhyifhcsDav&m tif;v,fwGif avBuD;
rdk;BuD;usNyD; azmifarSmufí &kyfyGm;awmfrsm; a&odkcukef\/
apmfbGm;onf rdrdtrSm;udk &Sdcdk;toem;awmfcHNyD; &kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk ydkufESifhwdkufí q,f&m
av;qlom&NyD;? wqlaomudk,fawmfum;? olUtvdktavsmuf rlvausmif;awmf
odkUa&mufaeaom [l\/
xdkudk,fawmfrSm ausmif;apmifhudk,fawmf[lí oDwif;uRwfyGJawmfcg a'opm&D
<ucsDawmfrl&mrSm tjcm;aomav;qlom yifh&í þudk,fawmfudkrl tNrJwrf;
ausmif;aqmifrSm xm;cJU&onfqdk\/
txl;{nfhonfawmf
OD;ausmftm; uRefawmfonftpu }{nfhajrmif}[kqdkcJU\/ odkUaomf tif;av;
a&mufaomtcgü olonftxl;{nfhonfawmf jzpfoGm;av\/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmf
onf OD;xGef;&tm;udkaomif;pdef a&;ay;vdkufaompmESifh OD;cspfazrSwqifh oduRrf;&onf/
OD;ausmfum; a&S;,cif ppfBuD;rjzpfrDumvuyif rdwfaqGjzpfcJUMu\/ todkU[lrl OD;ausmf
onf [dk,cifacwfu &efukefNrdKUpaumhaps;rSm emrnfBuD; jrydk;xnfwdkufwGif BuD;rSL;ol
wa,mufzJ/ OD;xGef;&wdkU tif;om;rsm;ESifh ydk;xnfrsm;ta&mif;t0,f tquftoG,f&SdcJU
onf/
OD;ausmfonf OD;xGef;&xuf BuD;oljzpfí tif;av;a&mufoGm;aomtcg OD;xGef;&\
OD;&D;awmfrsm;ESifh awGU&onf/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmaeMuaom rdwfaqGa[mif;awG
rajrSmfvifhbJ qkHpnf;Muojzifh vGefpGmvIdufvIdufvSJvSJ &SdMuonf/ xdktcgrSm uRefawmfwkdU
onf OD;ausmf\ {nfhajrmifrsm;jzpfoGm;Muvsuf xdkt&yf&Sd OD;ausmf\rdwfqG vlcsrf;omBuD;
rsm; tdrfwkdUwGif qifjzLawmfrSD BuHpkwf&onfrsm vGefpGmcsdKNrdefvSay\/
tif;av;Xmae? 0aeusvdrfhrnf atmufarhcJUaom t&yfrSmpD;u&ufrSm EdkifiHjcm; jzpf
taumif;pm; 5-okH;vkH;awG/ crf;em;aom tdrfaxmify&dabm*ESifh yD,mEdk?
a&cJaowåmwkdUyif&Sdonf/ tdrfBuD;wtdrfrSm uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;tm; tcef;wcef;ESifh
oD;oefUtdyf&mayonfwGif xdktcef;? xdkukwiff? xdkarGU&mrsKd;udk uRefawmfwdkUonf ,cif
uvnf;r&SdcJUbl;? aemufvnf;&bdkUudk ajrmfvifh&ef cJ,Of;vSygawmh\/
tif;av;wGif uRefawmfwdkUvlodkufonf aysmf&TifvSpGm ESpfntdyfrQ aexdkifvnfywf MuNyD;?
xdkc&D;udk ESpfodrfhauseyftm;&pGm awmifBuD;odkU jyefcJUMuygawmh\
wwd,wGJ þrSmyif&yfí pwkw¬wGJ qufvufzwf&IygcifAsm;....
aomfwmaqG
 tcef; ( 5 )
b0&Sdum; 'ku© &Sd&rnf/ okcaum r&Sdbl;wJhvm;/ &Sdygonf/ odkUaomf okc qdkonfum;
b0 'ku©xJwGif acwårQay:vmwwfaom em;ae&m pcef;uav;rsm;omwnf; - [kqdkcJU
onfESifhtnD? xdkpOfu uRefawmfwkdUvlodkuf awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU oGm;a&mufaexdkif vnfywf
cJhMujcif;onf b0 'ku©xJrS acwårQay:vmaom okc pcef;av;wckaywnf;/
vkyfief;wm0ef bmrQr&Sd/ ylyif aMumifhMup&m ewdå/ pm;aumif;? aeaumif;? aysmf&Tifjcif;
tjynfhESihf/
þtaMumif;ukd ,refaeUuyif &Ir0wdkufü uRefawmfwdkUvlodkuf jyefajymif;ajymqdk
woaecJhMuao;onf/ jyefr&Edkifawmhaom ]avmu edAÁmefav;} [k rSwfcsufcsMuonf/
q,fh&SpfESpfqdkaom umvBuD;u uGmjcm;ypfcJhMuavNyD/ xdkpOfu udkazodef;?
armifaqGwifh? armifvSxGef;wdkUrSm vlysdKrsm;? ,ckum; tdrfaxmifusMuí b0a&,OfaMum
arsmaeMuNyD;? q&mawmfBuD;rl &Ir0 r*¾Zif;rS wqifhwufí &Ir0&kyf&Sif wm0efBuD;ESifh
pdwfyef; vlyef;? rMumcPvJ emrusef; jzpfw,fcifAs/
uJ....uRefawmfwdkUuaum wJh/
om;orD;aZmESifh tm;BuD;arm
,if; 1956 ckESpfu uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m; awmifBuD;okdU oGm;cJhMujcif;rSm OD;ausmf
wdkUvlpkuJhodkU em;ae tyef;ajz&efoufouf r[kwf/ aemif q,fhESpfESpfrQ
Mumvmaomtcg0,f uRefawmfu ]om;ESifhajr;ESifh jzpfvmawmh} 0wåKudka&;í jrefrmhtoH
rS ]tm;BuD;armwJh om;orD;aZm} [laom trnfjzifh Zmwfvrf;yrm toHvTifh&efudpöudk
pwifzefwD;jcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
uRefawmfh rl&if;0wåKtrnf ]om;ESifh ajr;ESifh jzpfvmawmh} udk toHvTifhq&mrsm;u
]tm;BuD;armwJh om;orD;aZm} [k eab um&efESifh emrnfajymif;vdkufjcif;udk uRefawmf
tvGefoabmus\/ olwdkUay;wJh emrnfodyfaumif;wmbJ? ig-bmvdkU 'D0wåKa&;wkef;u
'Demrnf rpOf;pm;rdovJ[k udk,fhudk,fudk ar;cGef;xkwfawmh wjznf;jznf;ESihf tajzxGuf
vm\/ aMomf....avmuü vlwdkUonf udk,fh[m udk,fawmh 'ku©vdkUrxif/ b0udk
armw,f? yef;w,fvdkU ratmufarhbJudk;/ eHab;u MunfhrSom tjrifrSefudk &wwfMuay
wmbJ[k avmu "r®wmudk pOf;pm;rdawmh\/
toHvTif&ef pDFpOfMuaom ynm&SdwdkUu uRefawmfh tjzpfrSefudk a&;xm;aom þ0wåKudk
zwfMuawmh? uRefawmfh 'ku©udk jrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ 'gaMumifh ]tm;BuD;armwJh
om;orD;aZmwJh} [kwfvdkufavAsm/
xdk 1956 ckESpfwkef;uawmh om;orD;aZmESifh tm;BuD;armolrSm uRefawmf r[kwfao;/
uRefawmfh ZeD;aromvQifwnf;/ taMumif;rSm arESifh uRefawmhfESifh nm;awmh aronf
toufESpfq,frQ &Sdao;aomfvnf; tysKdpif r[kwf/ uav;ESpfa,muf rdcif/
olUvifuvJ &SdaeqJ/
aronf vGwfvGwfvyfvyf r[kwfaMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkU pmcsif; orD;&nf;pm;
jzpfaepOfyif od&SdcJhygonf/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkifuvnf; xdkenf;4if;bJrdkU? bmrsm; tom
tem pOf;pm;aep&m &Sdawmhoenf;/ uRefawmfwdkUrSm vlcsif;rnm;EdkifMuaomfvnf; pmcsif;
orD;&nf;pm;jzpfae&&ifbJ awmfygNyD [laom wGufudef;jzifh olUqDu
cspfo0PfvTmav;awGudk zwfum uRefawmfh 0wåKawGxJrSm uRefawmfuvlysKd? olu tysKd/
&nf;pm;? ESpfyg;oGm;ae&onfudkyif auseyfaeMuygonf/
Love exists not without hope. tcspfonf ajrSmfvifhjcif;r&SdbJESifh
wnfNrJrae[k qdkaomfvnf; xdkpOfu uRefawmfwdkU ajrSmfvifhcsufrSm tdk;tdrfaxmif
wnfaxmifMu&efr[kwf/ vlcsif; cPwjzKwfavmufom wcsdefcsdefç wae&m&mrSm
awGUMubdkUavmufomwnf;/
,if;odkUjzifh 'kwd,ydkif;tp tcef;(19) wGif azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif;? 1954 ckESpf ZGefvwGif
aronf &efukefNrdKU uHyJhq&mtwwfoifwef;odkU uRefawmf arQmfvifhbJa&muf
vmcJhawmhonf/
pm&nf;pm;tjzpfESifh tESpfESpftvvum; pdwfxJ cJxm;Muonfhtwkdif;? onfvdkjzpf
vmvdrfhrnfrxifbJESifh vlcsif;awGUMu&avawmh? rD;ukef ,rf;ukef cspfMuaví uRefawmf
wdkUESpfa,muf MunfEl;rIuvGJNyD; tjcm;bmrS rpOf;pm;Muawmhacs/ onfawmh ywf0ef;usif
u pum;ajymvm\/
ajymvmyHku þodkUwnf;/
olwfdkU &Srf;jynfrS trsKd;orD;av;a,mufvmcJhMu&mü azmfjycJhaom cifpef;ñGifhom
arhbufawmfom;jzpfí usefESpfa,mufu awmifBuD;NrdKUrS udkaomif;azxHodkU tcdkiftrm
wdkifpma&;avawmh\/
onftaMumif;udk jyefajymif;í pOf;pm;vdkufawmh? arESifh uRefawmfonf rajrSmfvifhMubJ
,ckvdk nm;vdkufMujcif;onf olwdkUESpfa,muf þodkUvkyfudkifMujcif;u taMumif;w&m;
jzpfaeayawmhonf/
tu,fí olwdkUESpfa,mufonf Oayu©mjyKxm;EdkifMurnf qdkygu udkaomif;azESifh arh
rdom;pk em;odkU aygufMum;oGm;rnf r[kwfojzifh arESifh uRefawmf &efukefwGifjzpfwJh udpö
&efukefüom NyD;oGm;Edkifayrnf/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufonf
b0udk,fpDrvGwfvyfMuonfrdkU ,ck awGUwkef;awGUMucdkufom MunfEl;vdkufMuí wESpfrQ
rMumaom olUpmoifwef;NyD;qHk;oGm;onfü vlcsif; vGrf;aqG;BuD;pGm cJGvdkufMu&HkrSwyg;
tjcm; taMumif;r&Sd/ ,ckawmh udkaomif;azBuD; jAKef;pm;eJa&mufvmawmh uRefawmfwdkU
rSm 0kef;ueJ&ifwqdkif&ayawmhonf/
eHeufapmpD;BuD; udkaomif;azESifh olUnD uRefawmftdrfa&mufvmawmh uRefawmf tdyf&mu
rxao;ay/ aemfrmu tdyf&mxJvmEdI;NyD; ]]tdrfa&SUrSm....awmfh arh&JUa,musfm;? awmifBuD;u
vdkufvmowJhawmf]] [k aqmifhBuD;ç atmifhBuD; ajymavawmh uRefawmf uAsmu&m
vl;vJxum rsufESmrS ropfEdkifbJ uRefawmf wcgrQrjrifbl;aom uRefawmfhtm;
&efjyKrnfhrsufESmxm;ESifh vlESpfa,muftm; uRefawmf a,mu©rBuD; rsufarSmufrS ]]vmAsm?
vufzuf&nfqdkifoGm;&atmif]] [k uRefawmfu a&SUrS qif;oGm; &\/
vrf;xdyf vufzuf&nfqdkif xdkifrdMuaomtcg udkaomif;azonf olUtusKd;aqmif
trsKd;orD;u ydkUprif;xHrSjzwf,lNyD; olUqD ydkUvdkufaom uRefawmf arhxHa&;aom pm
wapmifESifharhtr cifxm;&Du uRefawmftm; ywfywfpufpuf a&;xm;aom pm wapmif
udk xkwfjyNyD;....
]]cifAsm; bmjiif;EdkifovJ]]
uRefawmf wHkPdSbma*.../
]]vl,kwfrm? r,m;cdk;...]]
udkaomif;azonf t&yfajcmufayausmfí uRefawmfhxuf tiftm;Av rsm;pGmBuD; ygonf/
olrnfodkU xvkyfvdkufvQif rnfodkU a&Smif&yghrvJom pOf;pm;ae&onf/ rsufvHk; csif;awmh
rqdkif&J/ olUajcvuf t&dyftjcnfudkom Munfhae&onf/
uRefawmfu tif;rvIyfç tJrvIyfaeavawmh olonf pdwfudk tvGef csKyfwnf; &aom
toHESifh.....
]]wu,f....awmuf...? cifAsm; ck bmrS rajymEdkifawmhbl;vm;}}
onfawmhrS uRefawmfu olUrsufESmudk Munfhí....
]]bmajymp&m &SdawmhovJAs? qdwfqdwfae 0efcHw,f r[kwfvm;? cifAsm; BudKufovdk
pDrHawmh]]
]]cifAsm;udk r,m;cdk;rIeJU w&m;pGJEdkifw,f? odvm;...}}
]]oabm&Sdvkyfav]]
]]'gayr,fh 'Dvdk ESpfzufpvHk; t&SufwuGJ tusKd;eJ udpöudk usKyf rvkyfcsifygbl;? cifAsm;
usKyf rdef;reJU aemufxyf rqufoG,fawmhygbl;qdkwJh uwdudkom ay;yg}}
]]aumif;ygNyD? uJ...cifAsm;wdkUjyefMuayawmh? uRefawmfrsufESmawmif ropf&ao; bl;}} [k
qdkNyD; uRefawmfu olwdkUt&if xç jyefcJhygawmhonf/
xdkaeU xdk&ufrsm;um; uRefawmfh&ifxJ rD;awmufonfhaeUrsm; jzpffayawmhonf/ uRefawmf
pdwfavvQif em;ae&mjzpfaom trBuD; cifrsKd;cspfwdkUa*[modkU oGm;onf/ xdktcdkufrS
trBuD;wdkUuvnf; olwdkU\at;&dyfomzsufí vSnf;wef;wGif ( aemif rD;avmifcH&rnfh )
tdrfopfudk aqmufaepOfjzpfí tif;vsm;vrf;&Sd olwdkUrdwfaqG
ausmif;q&mwa,muf\tdrfodkU oGm;aeonf/ olwdkUwnf;cdk&m a*[ma&mufawmhvnf;
aemufaz; tapcHwef;vsm;u wcef;[mrdkU olwdkU om;trd om;tz oHk;a,muftjyif
aemufwa,muftdyfp&m r&Sd/ 'gESifh xdkUaeU trBuD;qDFa&mufvmaom OD;pH0if; ( xdkpOfu
bDtdkpDu t&m&SdBuD; ) \ *dkvf'if;A,fvDu crf;em;aom wdkufBuD;odkUvdkufoGm;NyD; bD,m
aomufonf/ NyD;vQif xdkpOfu toHvTifhXme ñTefMum;a&;0ef OD;cifaZmf K qDodkU oGm;Mu
\/ xdkrS oHk;a,mufom; NrdKUxJodkU oGm;Muum tdrfwtdrfü trsKd;orD;wpkESifh ydkum
upm; Muonf/ xdkpOfu uRefawmfh&ifxJ yklavmifvSaom tcspfrD;jzifh? ,ckawmh
tdyfrufovdkbJ jzpfaeonf/ aemufxyf b,fa&mufí b,folawGESifh awGUao;onfudk
rrSwfrawmh/ oHk;&ufajrmufrS tdrfjyefa&mufawmh r,m;uvJ rMunfjzL? a,mu©ruvJ
jiLpl/
avmuwGif uRefawmf\ aomuta&mufqHk;aom tcsdefwcsdefygaywnf;/
udkaomif;aztm; uRefawmfay;vdkufaom uwdt& arhxHodkU pma&;&efvnf; rjzpf/
vlcsif; awGU&bdkU BudK;pm;&efvnf; roifhawmh/
odkU&mwGif aemufwaeUreufrSm udkaomif;azBuD;wa,mufwnf; uRefawmfh
tdrfodkUa&mufvmjyefum uRefawmhftm; olESifhtwl vdkufcJh&ef ac:\/ uRefawmfrSm tHhMo
vsuf.....
]]bmudpövJAsm....]]
]]aru ac:cdkif;vdkUyg}}
]]Asm...areJU aemufxyf rqufoG,fbdkU cifAsm;bJ uRefawmfhqDu uwdawmif;oGm;
w,fr[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,fAsm....?'gayr,fh aru cifAsm;eJU aemufqHk;tBudrf awGUatmif
ac:ay;&r,fqdkUvdkU....}}
olUrsufESmxm;onf rwif;rmawmh/olUtoHrSm aysmh\/ uRefawmfhudkyif awmif;yef
aeonf/
odkUESifh olESifhygoGm;&um prf;acsmif;xdyfrSm apmifhaeaom arESifh awGU&\/ xdktcdsefü
ar\ yHkyef;oP²mefudk Munfh&onfrSm udkaomif;aztm; aMumuf&GYHonfh[ef pdk;pOf;rQ
ray:/
]][id...armif ydefoGm;vdkufwmuG,f}} [k qdkNyD; uRefawmfhvufudk qD;íudkif\/ [dk- vlBuD;
rsufESmuvnf; r,m;ufk tvGefaMumuf&GUHonfh yHkrsKd;/
xdkaeUpOf uRefawmfwdkU\ b0jyóemudk oHk;a,mufom; rsufESmcsif;qdkif&Sif;vdkuf
Muonfum;? 4if;rSm uRefawmfonf vuf&Sdr,m;udk pGefUcGmí arhtm; twnfwus ,lEdkif?
r,lEdkif? ,lr,f? r,lbl;/
þae&mü uRefawmfonf pdwful;,Of0wåKxJu Zmwfvdkufjzpfaeygrl xdk0wåKa&;
q&m\qE´t& rdrd rdkufrSm;cJhaomtjypfudk olUviftm; awmif;yefí udk,fusKd;pGefUpm;
aom taqG;rif;om;BuD; jzpfaumif;jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ odkUr[kwf tjcm;olom
uRefawmfhae&müjzpfbdrl rnfodkU qHk;jzwfrnf rod&aomfvnf; uRefawmfurlum; aruvJ
,ck vuf&Sd vifudkuGmí uRefawmfESifh,lrnfqdkygu uRefawmfuvJ tqifoifhygbJ
[laomtajzudk ay;vdkufygawmh\/
[kwfoav...(uRefawmfhwGufudef;u) olUvifol rcHkrifawmhí uRefawmfh&ifcGifxJ
a&mufvmoltm; uRefawmfu pGefUypfoifhygovm;/ a&Smifwdrf;oifhygoavm.../
,if;odkUjzifh 1954-ck? Edk0ifbmv 16-&ufaeUü aronf ausmif;rSxGufum uRefawmf
tNyD;tydkif ac:,lcJhawmhaMumif;udk azmfjycJhonf/
xdktaMumif;udk udkaomif;azvnf; rMumrDodí uRefawmfwdkU OD;b&Sif\tdrfrSm aeUpOfyif
olar;prf;&SmazGí vkdufvmao;\/ olUtm; rpkHrufawmhí uRefawmfaemuf
vdkufoGm;onfudk olcGifhvTwfygaMumif;? uRefawmfu olUZeD;a[mif;tm; ,k,MuifempGm
aygif;oif;ygrnfhtaMumif; oabmxm;BuD;pGm ajym&Smyg\/ tu,fí uRefawmfESifh
tqifrajyawmhojzifh ar olUqDjyefvmygu vufcH&ef toifhjzpfygaMumif;/
arESifhuRefawmf nm;NyD;aemuf udkaomif;az 'kwd,tBudrf &efukefodkU a&mufvm
jyefjcif;tm; taumif;vmjcif; r[kwfawmh/ ol aq;&HkBuD;a&mufaerS uRefawmfwdkU od&yg
awmhonf/ aeUpOfyif naewdkif; uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;uoGm;í xrif;ydkU&yg\/
olUa&m*gum; (Cancer in Penis) usifacsmif;wGif uifqmwJh/ b,fawmhrS uk&
aom a&m*grsKd; r[kwfay/ aq;0g;aumif;vQif acwåcPrQawmh oufomwwfyg\/
odkUESifh tawmftwefoufomvmaomtcg awmifBuD;odkU jyefoGm;yg\/ oloGm;cgeD;ü ar
u aEGrSm awmifBuD;odkUvmí olUom;av;ESpfa,mufudk awGUcsifaMumif;ajymawmh
udkaomif;azu pdwfcsvufcsom vmcJhyg/ aumif;rGefpGm awGU&ygaprnf[k uwdjyK
oGm;\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfwdkU awmifMuD; a&mufoGm;csdefü udkaomif;azonf awmifBuD; rSm
r&Sdawmh/ olUuifqma&m*gESifhyif rEåav;aq;&HkodkUa&mufí tonf;toef jzpfae\/
xdkUaMumifh aronf xdkESpfrSm olUuav;rsm;udk awGUcGifhr&cJhay/ uav;wdkUonf
udkaomif;az\ rdbrsm;u a&S;&dk;pOfvm Ak'¨bmom tif;om; vlrsKd;rsm;/ arwdkUu
c&pf,ef acwfynmwwfrsm;/ vlwef;pm;csif;u qefUusifbufjzpfaeonf/ xdkUjyif
udkaomif;azrSm arwdkUtr &Hk;u um;armif;aom '&dkifAm/ aru 14 ESpforD;rQ&Sdao; aom
ausmif;olav;/ ol &l;&l;rdkufrdkufESifh xdkpOfu udkaomif;aztm; ol bmudkBudKufrdo vJ
rodawmh[k ajymonf/ ,ck uav;ESpfa,mufarG;NyD;rS olUa,musfm;tay: vifpdwfç
om;pdwf ukefoGm;onf/ udkaomif;aztm; r,m;wa,muftaeeJU oabmrusEdkifawmh
aom taMumif;t&m tcsKdU&Sdvmonf[k qdkonf/ odkUaomf olUtm; tvGefcspf&Smaom?
tvdkvdkufvGef;aom udkaomif;aztay:rSmawmh vifuJhodkU rcspfEdkifaomfvnf; u&kPm
uawmh tjynfh? uHqdk;&SmolBuD;&,fvdkU oem;&Smonf/
OD;ausmfwdkUvlodkuf&SdpOfu aysmf&TifcJhMuoavmuf? olwdkUjyefoGm;NyD;aemufydkif;ü
uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m; pdwfrMunfMuawmhNyD/ arESifh e*dkuwnf;u tqifrajycJhaom
udkaomif;az tarBuD;\ ydwfyifcsufjzifh aronf olUom;rsm;udk awGUcGifhr&awmhonfü
widkidk w,dk,dk aeav&m aemufqHk;wGif rEåav;aq;&Hka&mufaeaom olU cifyGef;a[mif;
xH oGm;csifygonfqdkawmh uRefawmftzdkUrSmvnf; tqifoifhygbJ/ taMumif;rSm xdktcsdef
wGif z-q-A-v tpdk;& jypf'PfcHí q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif; axmifxJa&mufaeckduf jzpfay&m?
uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;onf awmifBuD;rSwqifh rEåav;odkU a&mufoGm;Mujyef av\/
rEåav;eef;awmfxJ axmif0ifpm oGm;awGUMuaomtcg q&mBuD;u ]]ighwynf vifr,m;
ESpfa,mufpvHk;awmif wwefwu vmcJhMuouG,f}} [k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf avawmh
uRefawmfhrSm trSeftwdkif; xkwfazmfajymvdkufygu ESpfzufpvHk;tzdkU tusKd;&Sd rnf
r[kwfjcif;aMumifh pdwfxJ rvHkrvJESifhyif tom NrHKaevdkuf&yg\/ trSefudkqdk&aomf
arhudpöom r&Sdygu uRefawmfrEåav;udk vmjzpfrnf r[kwfacs/ ckawmh q&mBuD;twGuf
oufouf vmcJh&onfh yHkrsKd;? acsmfvJ a&mxdkifaevdkuf&onf/ 'gvnf; raumif;ygbl;/
aq;&HkodkUrlum; udkaomif;az\ aqGrsKd;rsm;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh uRefawmf vdkuf&ef roifh/
aq;&Hk0txdom vdkufydkU&í ar wa,mufwnf;om oGm;\/
udkaomif;azum; arQmfvifhp&m r&SdawmhNyDwJh/ arhtm; ol aocgeD; a0;vHpGmrS
vdkufvmonfhtwGuf tvGef0rf;omaMumif; ajymum rsuf&nfusonfwJh/ udkMuifaqGESifh
oifhwifhatmif aygif;yg? uav;rsm;tm; wwfEdkifvQif &efukefodkUac:,lí acwfynm
wwfatmif oifMum;ay;yg? oluJhodkUacwfynmrwwfaom vlEHk vlzsif;BuD; rjzpfygapESifh
[k rSmMum;oGm;onfwJh/
aru rsuf&nfvnf&JGESifh ajymjyawmh uRefawmfhrSmvnf; rsuf&nfpdk&yg\/
,if;odkUvQif aocgeD; olUcifyGef;a[mif;\ rsufESmudkjrifvmcJh&aom arhrsufESmrSm
[efraqmifEdkifavmufatmifyif romr,m &Sdae&um;? Mumaomf rjzpfuNyD/ waeUaeU
'Dtxkyf ay:oGm;ygu (ighwynfh vifr,m;ESpfa,mufpvHk;awmif wwefwu vmcJhMu
ouG,f) qdkaom q&mBuD;\0rf;ajrmufrI ysufjy,foGm;onfxuf ('g...tudkBuD;wynfh
aomfwmaqGwdkU vifr,m;uav? olwdkU q&mBuD;taMumif; owif;pmxJ awGUawGUcsif;
vmcJhJMuwmwJh) [k *kPfwif aeaom a':BuD;pkd;u uRefawmfhudk uavmfwkwfrnf rkcs jzpf
ygaomaMumifh udkaomif;az raorDyif ]] ar&,f? rxl;awmhygbl;uGm }} [k em;csNyD;
uRefawmfhZeD;tm; rEåav;NrdKUrS &efukefNrdKUodkU cyfokwfokwf jyefvnfaqmifMuOf;cJh&yg
ownf;/
 'kwd, tacguf
uRefawmf &Srf;jynfodkU 'kwd,wacgufum; aemufwESpf 1957-ck/
xdktBudrfum; tdrfrS uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;ESpfa,mufxJ r[kwfawmhay/ arESifh
uRefawmfESifh tdrfaxmifonf oHk;ESpfxJ a&mufNyDrdkU tdrfay:wGif ararG;jrLaom aMumifrsm;?
tdrfatmufwGif uRefawmf\ Muufrsm;? bJrsm;/
tdrfwGifwa,mufrQ rusefbJ wHcg;ydwfí oGm;Mu&rnfqdkaomtcgü tdrfatmuf aeaom
Muuf-bJrsm;twGuf eab;tdrfwGif tpmay;xm;cJhí jzpfonf/ tdrfay:u aMumifrsm;udkrl
[kdbuftdrf cPoGm;aeMuyg qdkívnf;&rnfr[kwf/ olwdkUocif r&SdvQif olwdkU
wjcm;odkU vpfMurnfjzpfaomaMumifh þaMumifrsm;udkyg aqmifMuOf;oGm&ef uRefawmfwdkU
pDpOfMu&\/ pDpDFrmqdkaom aMumifrBuD;ESifh eDeD0g0grnfaom om;ESpfaumif?
jzLjzLac:aom orD;wck? olwdkUav;aumiftwGuf jcif;BuD;wvHk; &uf&\/
aronf olESpfoufaom wd&pämefrsm;udk arG;jrL&mü omref arG;&dk; arG;pOf r[kwf (pet)
ac: tcspfawmftjzpf arG;jrLwwfojzifh vGefpGm oHa,mZOfBuD;rm;aom 'ku©rsKd; yif
jzpfacsonf/
odkUrdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwdkU tdrfuxGufvmMuaomtcg t0wfaowåm? tdyf&mvdyf
wdkUomru aMumifjcif;rsm;u wck/ odkUaomf &xm;ay: a&mufvmaomtcgü
wm0efrBuD;awmhyg/ uRefawmfwdkUu txufwef;wGJu pD;MuonfrdkU? &xm;rxGufrDyif
wHcg;ydwfNyD; vTwfxm;vdkufEdkifyg\/
xdkpOfu jrefrmjynfa&mufp *syefvkyf txufwef;wGJwdkUwGif n-av;? aeU-
&Spfa,mufwGuf oD;oefUwcef;rSm a&csKd;cef;wck? tdrfomwckESifhwGJvsuf tifrwef
oefUoefUjyefUjyefU&SdvS\/ rD;pHk yg\/ txufwef;onf txufwef;yDyD
Zdrf&SdvSwkef;jzpf\/ uHtm;avsmfpGm uRefawmfwdkUESifh wwGJwnf;ygvmaomtjcm;
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufrSm vnf; aMumifcspfwwfMuolrsm; jzpfaeonfESifh tqifajyvS\/
uRefawmfwdkU aMumif uav;rsm;uvnf; ajcmufvç ckepfvt&G,f 0g0g0if;0if;
oefUoefU&Sif;&Sif;uav;awG/ uRefawmfwdkU aMumifruav;rSm AdkvfujzLaeí
jzLjzLac:aomfvnf; ausmuawmh a&Ta&mifyif/ olwdkUtarBuD;rSm t0ga&mifESifh
vdyfcGHa&mif 'dk;uGufMum;/
uRefawmfwdkU ZeD;armifESH\ &Srf;jynfoGm;? ,ck 'kwd, tacgufrSm yxrtacguf u
'ku©a&mufoavmuf tppt&m&m tqifajyvS\/
nae-4 em&Davmuf a&Tanmifblwm a&mufvmaomtcg arhtar a':wifwifwdkU
armifESHu olwdkUarmfawmfum;ESifh vmBuddKae\/ uRefawmfwdkU ypönf; rsm;udk &xm;ay:u
*spfum;ay:wifaepOf arhtara,musFm; rpöwm aZAD;,m;u uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;tm;
&HkydkifBuD; OD;a&Taomif; olUtcef;xJ acwå<uyg[k zdwfac: aMumif;? OD;a&Taomif;rSm
uRefawmf\ pmzwfy&dowfjzpfí ,aeU uRefawmffvmrnfudk odojzifh
qD;BudKaeygaMumif;/ OD;a&Taomif; tcef;xJa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfh twGuf
&Srf;jynfxGuf t&uf oHk;ykvif;/
,if; OD;a&Taomif;um; þrSpí aemufaemif uRefawmf &Srf;jynfodkUoGm;avwdkif;
tvmwGif oHk;ykvif;? tjyefrSm oHk;ykvif; qD;BudKí vufaqmifay;avh&Sdyg\/ xdkUaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkUuvnf; &Srf;jynfwGifxif&Sm;aom ig;ajcmufrsm;? uRefawmfa&;aom
pmtkyfrsm;udk vufaqmifjyef&yg\/ (,ck tcsdefum; OD;a&Taomif; yifpif,lNyD xifyg\/
usef;rmygap/)
uRefawmfwdkU awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU a&mufoGm;Muaomtcgü uRefawmfwdkUtwGuf
oD;oefUtdrfBuD;wvHk;/ arwdkU rdbrsm;\tdrf/ NcH0if;us,fBuD;xJwGif rrwifwdkUu
oD;oefU tdrfaqmufaeí þtdrfBuD;rSm ausmif;zGifhcsdefwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk tiSm;xm;í
aEG&moD ausmif;ydwfcsdefü jrefrmjynfrSa&mufvmaom armifESrrsm;twGuf jzpfae\/
,if;odkU tdrfBuD;wvHk;&rnfudk BudKwifod&SdaeNyD; jzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfhxHk;pH twdkif;
&Srf;jynfodkUvmvdkaom rdwfaqG o*F[rsm;udk zdwfac:cJhav&m? ,refESpfu udkazodef;ESifh
OD;ausmfwdkU om;tzrsm;/ ,ckESpfrSm udkoef;wif? '*kefwm&m? rif;&Sif? jroef;wifh/
þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí '*kefwm\ ]{&m0wD? ,efpD? abmfv*g} pmtkyfxJwGif
a&;om;xm;onfrSm pmrsufESm 126-u pí.....
awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm awmifay:wGif wnf&Sdí tiSm;um;ESifh wufMu&avonf/
awmifBuD;wGifa&mufESifhaeaom aomfwmaqGtm; &Ir0rS oHBudK;&dkufwm;aomfvnf;
aomfwmaqG vmrBudK/
awmifBuD;um;vrf;rSm wzufu acsmufBuD;/ wzufu awmifeH&H/ raeUuyif
avmfvDum;wpif; awmifatmufusoGm;onf[k um;armif;olu ajymonf/ vrf;rSm
um;ESpfpif; a&Smifom&Hk/ um;armif;olrsm;onf tauGUwGif wuRDuRDESifh wtm;auGUonf/
uRefawmfum; &ifwvSyfvSyfESifh Nidrfí vdkufygvm&onf/ (tif;.....'gaMumifh ol ckxd
rdef;r r&wm/ w,faMumufwmudk;/
aomfwmaqGaeaom vrf;trnfrodí ar;Mu&onf/ vrf;auGUwckü qG,fwm
vSvSuav;rsm;ESifh acwfqHqH 0wfxm;aom rdef;rysKdESpfa,mufudkawGUí (ol 'Dvdkawmh
Munfhwwfom;) ]]'g....aomfwmaqG y&dowfeJUwlw,f}}[k qdkum um;&yfí ar;Muav
onf/
]]tay:wufoGm; ausmif;em;rSm q&mwkwfuawmftdrfqdk&if &ygw,f}}
awmufBuD;NrdKUrSm ajrjyefUay: awmifESpfzuf&Hxm;onf/ uRefawmfwdkUonf awmifajcodkU
wdk;oGm;Muonf/ tdrf0ü aomfwmaqGZeD; arESifh tqifoifhawGU&onf/ aomfwmaqGrSm
aEG&moDwGif awmifBuD;&Sd a,mu©rtdrfü aeavonf/
n tdyf&m0ifrS aomfwmaqGonf ayguffvmavonf/ ol\rsufESmrSm eDjref;vsuf
&Sdavonf/ olonf vQmoHav;av;ESifh uRefawmfwdkUtm; oHBudK;r&dkufaumif;vm;[k
tjypfwifae\/ uRefawmfwdkUrSm &,farmMu&avonf/
]]bmvdkU oHBudK;r&dkuf&wmvJ? uRefawmf vmBudKrSmaygh}}
aomfwmaqGonf rl;vQif ajymNyD;om;pum;udk xyfxyfajymwwfonf/([Jh...trl;
orm;wkdif; 'DvdkbJayghudk,fhvl&JU/ '*kefwm&mESifh uRefawmfrSmwESpfxJ? wvxJ/ olu
uRefawmfxuf &uftenf;i,fomBuD;onf/)
]]bmrSr[kwfzl;As? t&ufaomufae&wmeJU uRefawmfwdkUudk arhNyD; rBudKbJaewm}} [k
rif;&Sifu ajymvdkufonf/ aomfwmaqGonf rif;&Sifudk vmxkonf/
uRefawmfwdkU jcifaxmifxJ 0ifMu&avNyD/ aomfwmaqGu ]]bmjzpfvdkU oHBudK;r&dkuf
&wmvJ}}[k tyfaMumif; xyfaeavonf/
txuf azmfjyygonf '*kefwm&mu ol\pmtkyfxJrS wzufowf pGyfpGJcsuf jzpfonf/
olwdkUvmrnfqdkonfh oHBudK; uRefawmf r&&dk; trSef/ uRefawmf narSmifvQif rl;
onfqdkonfum; [kwfavpG/ odkUaomf-uRefawmfonf b,fawmhrS nae 5 em&D rausmf
bJ t&ufaomufavh r&Sd/ EdkUNyD;MunfhOD;av? olUpmxJrSmu.(&Ir0u oHBudK;&dkufxm;aomf
vnf; aomfwmaqG vmrBudK) wJh/ b,fhES,fAsm? olwdkUudk,fwdkifurS r&kdufMubJ/ &Ir0udk
&dkufvdkufygajymawmh OD;av;ausmfuvJ arharhavsmhavsmh jzpfEdkifwmaygh/ 'gudkawmh ol
xnfhrpOf;pm;/ uJ-NyD;wJhtwdwf xm;ygawmhav/
udkoef;wif
uRefawmfhrSm olwdkUvlodkuf a&mufvmMuawmh vGefpGm 0rf;omvSonf/ tm;vHk;
uRefawmfESifh cspfcifMuolrsm;csnf; jzpfonf/ pmzwfolonf olwdkUav;a,mufteufrS
udkoef;wifudk pma&;q&mtjzpfESifh odMurnf r[kwfaomfvnf; pmayopfr*¾Zif;
pwifxkwfa0cJhol? pmay 0goem&Sif? pma&;q&mqdkvQif cspfcifjrwfEdk;wwfol? olUtdrfrSm
uRefawmfwdkU pma&;q&mawGu omvm,HZ&yfvdk oGm;a&mufpm;aomuf aexdkifMuonf/
udkoef;wifonf t&ufudk wpufrQ aomufwwfol r[kwfaomfvnf; t&uform;
rdwfaqGawGudkawmh t&uf 0,fwdkufwwfonf/ arESifh tdrfaxmifrusrD uRefawmfh
b0wGif a,mu©r rkefwdkif;usaomtcgrsm;ü udkoef;wiftdrfrSm oGm;a&mufaexdkifcJh
&onfh tBudrfawG ra&wGufEdkifavmufatmifyif/ xdkpOfu udkMunfvif(uG,fvGefol)?
jroef;wifh? ausmfatmif? atmifvif;(vlysKdb0) wkdUu udkoef;wiftdrfwGif tNrJwrf;ae
Muollrsm;/ rif;&SifESifh'*kefwm&mu wcgw&H a&mufvmwwfol/ &efukefrSmaepOf
udkoef;wif xrif;om uRefawmf pm;cJhbl;av&m ,ckrS uRefawmfu olUudk auR;cGifh&
ojzifh txl;bJ 0rf;omrdawmh\/ uRefawmfhtwGuf BuHKawmifhBuHKcJaom tcGif;ta&;BuD;
ygay/
 wlawmfarmif bufnDrS
onfae&mrSm udkoef;wif aus;Zl;udkcsnf; azmfjyaeírNyD;ao;/ tvsOf;oifhwkef;ü
udkoef;wifhZeD; rjrjrudkvnf; csD;usL;&ygOD;rnf/
qdkygawmh ausmfatmif? Munfvif? jroef;wifh? atmifvif;wdkUu xdktdrfrSm
tNrJwrf;aeMuolrsm;/ odkUaomf 'DaumifawGESifh rNyD;ao;acs/ olwdkU{nfhonfrsm;u tcsdef
ra&G; ygvmwwfMuao;\/ ,if;odkU ygvmorQudk rjrjru 'dkifcHxrif;auR;&onf/
udkoef;wifuvnf; olUtdrfa&mufvmolrSeforQudk xrif;auR;vdkuf&rS auseyfol
jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh yckuúLwifa&T (uavmiftrnf rif;Edkif) u udkoef;wiftm;
olac:aeustwdkif; ]]'Dtzdk;BuD;u vlUjynfudk olrsm;xrif;auR;bdkU a&mufvmwmeJUwlyg&JU
Asm}} [k ajymprSwfjyK\/ (udkoef;wiftoufu uRefawmfhxuf i,fao;onf)/
xdkpOfu udkoef;wiftvkyfonf ynmtkyf/ olUvc rnfrQ&ygrnfenf;/ okdUaomf
olUrD;zdkacsmifrS vmorQ vlrsm;twGuf b,fawmhrS xrif;[if; rjywf&/ olUrdef;rtm;]] jr
r&Sd&if rif; vuf0wfç vufpm;awG oGm;aygifaemf? b,fawmhrS rjiLpleJU}} [k olwdkU
vifr,m;csif; wdk;wdk;usdwf ajymonfudk uRefawmf em;qufquf Mum;cJhbl;yg\/ ZeD;
a':jrjruvnf; vifawmfarmif\ yg&rDudk jznfhcJhygay\/
jznfhcJhygay\[k a&;vdkuf&mü udkoef;wif\ xdkZeD; a':jrjr uG,fvGefNyDudk azmfjy vdkí
jzpfygonf/
a[m ,ck ]xdkZeD; a':jrjr} [k a&;vdkuf&onfrSmvnf; ,ck udkoef;wif\ vuf&Sd
ZeD;rSmvnf; ]a':jrjr} bJ jzpfaeaomaMumifh ygwnf;/
,cifZeD;wkef;u ukdoef;wifonf ]jr-jr} [k ac:onfenf;wlbJ ,ck ZeD;tm; vnf; ]jr-
jr} bJ ac:aeawmh uRefawmfwkdUu þodkU ajymprSwfjyKMu\/
]]a[h.... 'dkUudkoef;wifu t&if rjrjr aocgeD;wkef;u (armif-jruvGJ&if b,fholrS
r,lawmhygbl;) vdkU uwday;vdkufvdkUeJU wlw,faemf)
[m;....[m; 'DvdkbJ ajymp&m jzpfaewmudk;? udkoef;wif&JU/
uJ...,cifZeD;ESifh ,ckZeD; emrnfcsif;wlwmawmh [kwfaeygNyD/ ,cif ]jr} wkef;u vdkbJ
,ck ]jr} u vif\oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGrsm;tay: MunfjzL&ufa&m ygOD;rnfavm/
waeUawmh uRefawmfwdkU vlpkvl&Hk;ESifhvmNyD; prf;oyf&OD;rnf/
xdkpOf udkoef;wifwkdUvlpk awmifBuD;vmcsdefu yxrZeD; rjrjr ruG,fvGefao;ay/
uRefawmfu arhtm; udkoef;wiftm; ]tudk} [k ac:í vGefpGm cifrifav;pm;oGm;yg\/
xdkUaMumifh þrdwfaqGwpkudk apwemxufoefpGm auR;arG;jyKpkvdkufyg\/
xdktcsdefu tdrfonfjzpfaeaom uRefawmfonf OD;ausmfwdkUESifhwkef;uom
twla&mufcJhbl;NyD jzpfaom? todrdwfaqGrsm;vnf; &SdaeNyDjzpfaom tif;av;odkU
udkoef;wifwkdU vlpkudkvdkufydkUvdkufygao;\/
xdkUaemuf uRefawmfwdkUtif;av;rS jyefa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfhtdrfwGif uRefawmfESifh
roduRrf;ao;aom {nfhonfwOD; a&mufae\/ xdkvlum; Adkvftkef;ausmf? awmckdjyef/
'*kefwm\ rdwfaqG/ olu pma&;ac:xm;jcif;jzifh a&mufvmonf jzpf\/
uRefawmfhtdrfrSm {nfhonf ig;a,muf jzpfoGm;onf/
xdkpOfu Adkvfvusfmonf &Srf;jynfwGif pkdufysKda&; vkyfav&m Adkvftkef;ausmfu
AdkvfvusfmukrÜPD\ refae*smjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh aemufwaeUrSm uRefawmfwdkUvlpk
Adkvfvusfm pkdufcif;odkUoGm;Mujyef\/
awmufBuD;rS a&TanmifteD; awmifav;vHk;xdatmif um;pD;oGm;Muí xdkrSqif;NyD;
ckepfrdkifavmuf ajcvsifavQmufMu&onf/ 'Dvdktyifyef;cHbdkU 0goemrygaom
uRefawmfrSm þc&D;vmrdwm rSm;NyD[k udk,fhezl;udk,f vuf0g;ESifh &dkufvdkufrd\/ 11 em&D
avmufrS xdkae&modkUa&mufMu\/ Adkvfvusfmpdkufcif;rSm v,f{u ESpf&mausmfrQ/ *sKHudk
rlvxm;í yJykyf? i&kwf? c&rf;csOf ponfwdkUufk pdkuf\/
uRefawmfwdkUa&mufoGm;rS Adkvftkef;ausmfu olUtvkyform;rsm;udk xrif;csufap onf/
olwdkUarG;jrLxm;aom Muufom;ESifh yJ[if;? MuufOaMumfwdkUjzpfí vlawG
yifyef;aeMuonfESifh tawmfyif NrdefvdkufMu\/
þXmeodkU uRefawmfwdkU oGm;cJhMujcif;rS a&mufzl;w,fqdk&atmifuvGJí uRefawmfh
tzdkUawmh tusKd;xl; r&Sd/ aeUv,f 3-em&DavmufrSm jyefcJhMuonf/
tjyefwGif Adkvftkef;ausmfu uRefawmfwdkUudk xGefpufESifhydkU\/ xefpuf\ aemufwGif
ukefwifaom wGJywfvufudkwyfí wufpD;ap\/ onfc&D;? onf,mOfudk tb,fvQif
omrefvlom; wdkUpF;EdkiftHhenf;/ xdkUaMumifh '*kefwm&m\rSwfwrf;wGif (yufvufwGJxJü
rsufESmBuD; eDaeaom aomfwmaqGonf tdrfum vdkufygvmonf/ aqmifhvdkufonfrSm
ckefckef wufoGm;í uRefawmfhwdkUrSm ajcvsif qif;avQmufMu&onf/
aomfwmaqGwa,mufom ywfvufwGJxJ ygvmonf/ awmifav;vHk; a&mufvmaom
tcg wacgif;vHk; eDaeí a&csKd;ypfMu&av\) wJh/
acgif;awGeDwmu v,fxGefpufu zHk xíwnf;/ tvmwkef;u ajcvsifvmcJhwJh c&D;/
tjyefwGif ZdrfESifh xdkifvdkufMuawmhrnf[k tm;vHk; wGJyufvufay: wufMuonf/
odkUaom v,fawG ywfMum;tufuGJ? ca&mif;xJwGif þv,fwGefpuf wGJyufvuf ay:ü
tb,fvQif omrefvlom;wdkUpD;EdkifthHenf;/ v,fcGefpufxGufNyD;rMumrD olwdkUawG
wa,mufNyD;wa,muf cdefqif;Muí 'Dc&D; 'Denf; 'DyHkjzpfrnfudk BudKwifodxm;aom
uRefawmfonfom t&ufudk wrl;w0BuD; aomufxm;ojzifh pnf;pdrfBuD;rm;pGm
tdrfarmusNyD; vdkufygvmwmubJ/ um;pD;&rnfhae&m wmvrf;rodkU a&mufawmhrS
olwdkUu uRefawmfhudkEId;í xNyD; a&rdk;csKd;vdkuf&\/ 'DtcsdefrSmawmh vlUudk tdkau vdkU/
]tdrfaoma,musfm;-Edk;aomvm;} qdkonfhtwdkif; vlrSm &Tif&Tifvef;vef;jzpfvsuf wcGuf
avmuf xyfcsNyD;wJhaemuf tdrfa&mufvQif ZeD;onf rD;zdkacsmifydkU&ef xdkt&yfom;awG trJ
ypfí&xm;aom awm0ufom;udk wydómawmif 0,fcJhao;Asm/ olwdkUwawGrSmawmh
'*kefwm&mh pmtwdkif;ygbJAsm/ yef;vsvsawG EGrf;usç a<uusawmhrnfhtwdkif;/
'*kefwm&mESifh Adkvftkef;ausmf
olwdkUESpfa,mufrSm b,fwkef;upNyD; b,fvdk cifrifcJUMuonf uRefawmfrod/ ,ckvdk
jyefvnfí awGUwkef;awGUcdkuf ]rcGJwrf;Muifvdkufrnf}qdkonfhtvm; Adkvftkef;ausmfyg
uRefawmfhtdrfodkU jyefvnfvdkufygvmonf/ aemufwaeUwGif udkoef;wif? rif;&SifESifh
jroef;wifhwdkU jyefoGm;Muaomfvnf; olwkdUESpfa,muf ae&pfcJUMuao;onf/
'DvlESpfa,mufrSm ykHpHcsif;wlygbdonf/ &kyfqif;t*Fgwlwm r[kwf/ ajymykH? qdkykH? aeykH?
xdkifykH? pm;ykH? aomufykH/ ESpfa,mufpvkH;yif t&ufu wpufrS raomufwwfawmh
uRefawmfESifhjzifh yPmr&/ olwkdUESpfa,mufuawmhAsKdU ig;xef;&GufESpfaumif awGUMuwJU
twdkif;ygyJ/ tNrJwrf; wyl;wGJwGJ acgif;csif;qdkifNyD; ajymvdkufMuwmvJ wwGwfwGwf?
wD;wdk; wD;wdk;eJU/ b,favmufrsm;vJqdk&if wa,muftdrfom oGm;wmawmif wa,muf
u vdkufoGm;NyD; wHcg;tjyifu xdkifapmifhNyD; ajymaeMuoAs/
olwkdUbmawG ajymMuovJ/ olwkdUvlykHpHawG Munfh&jcif;tm;jzifh uRefawmfpdwf0if pm;rnfh
taMumif;t&mrsKd; [kwfrnfrxifojzifh uRefawmfawmh olwkdUtem; ruyfaygif/
uRefawmfod&oavmufawmh Adkvftkef;ausmf[m 0g;c,from; qdkvm;bJ/ [dk,cif u
cifESif;,k rjzpfao;aom rcifpkESifh tifrwefcspfcifcJUMuqdkoudk;/ ,ckcifESif;,ka&;wJU
0w¬KawGzwfNyD; olaqG;&ygowJU/ 'gaMumifh'Dae&mrSmawmh 'Dvl'*kefwm&mhxuf omay
w,fvdkU uRefawmf csD;rGrf;&oAs/ bmaMumifhqdk usKyfwdkU'*kefwm&mu aqG;wm vGrf;wm
awmif em;vnfr,fhvlrS [kwfykHray:bJ/
xdkESpfwGif awmifBuD;NrdKUrSm ytdk0fhtrsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJUESifh? ytdk0fh
vufeufudkifwyfzGJUudk vufeufpGefUyGJBuD;usif;yojzifh þyGJBuD;NyD;atmif '*kefwm&mESifh
Adkvftkef;ausmfwdkU aeMuonf/
olwkdU jyefoGm;Muaomfvnf; uRefawmfhrSm {nfhonfu rjywfao;yg/ &efukefrS aemufxyf
umwGef;udkatmif&SdefESifh rif;,ka0wdkU a&mufvmMuao;onf/
xdkpOfu rif;,ka0onf aiGwm&D aoNyD;cgp? taqG;rif;om;ayghcifAsm/ t&ufawG
bmawGrsm; BudK;pm;yrf;pm;aomufvdkU.../
uRefawmfu ajymw,f/ ]]aqG;raeygeJUAsm? vlUjynfrSm rdef;rr&Sm;ygbl;}}qdkawmh
atmifr,folu ]]uRefawmfht&DuvJGNyD; aemufxyfb,folrS pdwfrul;awmhygbl;Asm}}wJU/
t[wf-[wf-[m;/
udkatmif&Sdefum; awmifBuD;NrdKUta&SUbufu awmifwef;BuD;onf narSmifarSmifü
Munfh&Iygu &ifom;armufarmufESifh trsKd;orD;wa,muf vJavsmif;aeonfESifh wlonf
[k ]rrav; cspfvdkufygwJUtm&kH? a&Tjrifhrdk wawmifvkH; wkH;rSwfvdkUckef}r[kwfzJ? awmifBuD;
awmifudk zuftdyfvdkufcsifygowJU/ oluawmhwrsKd;bJ/
jyefawmfjyef
xdkESpfum; uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m; awmifBuD;odkU vmcJU&jcif;onf aysmfp&mtwd NyD;onf/
ar\rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;onf uRefawmfhtm; vufoifhcHí uRefawmfhrdwfaqG oli,f
csif;rsm;ESifh rdwfzGJUyGJBuD;vnf; rnfayonf/
udkaomif;azvnf; ,refESpfuyif rEåav;aq;&kHrSm uG,fvGefcJUNyDjzpfí aronf
olUuav;rsm;tm; ac:,lívnf;&cJUayNyD/ tBuD;av;u q,fESpf? ti,fu udk;ESpfom;/
þESpfaumifonf aemifq,fhESpfESpfrQMumaomtcgü uRefawmfhtm; ]om;ESifhajr;ESifhjzpf
vmawmh}0w¬Kudk a&;apí jrefrmhtoHrS ]tm;BuD;armwJU om;orD;aZm}trnfjzifh toH
vTifh&vdrfhrnfudk yodkUvQif xdktcsdefu uRefawmfwdkUawG;xifygtHUenf;/ avmuwGif
rajrSmfvifhaom t&mwdkUonf jzpfwwfpG/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ,refESpfu udkaomif;azESifhtwl þuav;ESpfa,mufudk awGU&ef
vmcJUMujcif;jzpfonf/ awGUcGifhr&cJU/ ,ckESpfrl oGm;avol udkaomif;az\qE´ twdkif;
þuav;rsm;tm; uRefawmfwkdU&efukefodkUyif ac:cJU&ayNyD/
uRefawmfwdkU onfESpfc&D;udk jyefvnfpdppfvdkufawmh? tm;vkH; atmifjrifrIawGxJrS
ao;rTm;aom qkH;&IH;rIav;w&yfBuKH&ao;onf/ ,if;um;tjcm;r[kwf/ &efukefu vmpOf
pDpDrmrnfaom aMumifrBuD;ESifh 0g0g-eDeD-jzLjzLrnfaom aMumifuav;okH;aumifygcJU
onfhteuf tjyefc&D;wGif awmifilblwmü &xm;qdkufpOf eDeDrnfaomaMumifxD;uav;
onf trSwfwrJU jzKwfueJ jywif;aygufrS ckefqif;ajy;onf/ uRefawmfatmufqif;vdkuf
awmh &xm;atmuf0ifajy;&m ntcsdefvnf;jzpfonfrdkU ]]eDeD-NrDNrD}}[lí weDeD wNrDNrD
ac:aomfvnf; oljyefrvmawmh/ bmrQrwwfEdkifawmhay/
xdktcgaru olUaMumifav;awmh 'ku©a&mufygNyD[lí rsuf&nfprf;prf;jzpfav&m?
uRefawmfu...
]]a[h..aMumifbJuG? bm'ku©a&mufp&m&SdovJ[if...}}
]]b,folu tpmauR;yghrvJ}}
]]atmifr,fav;...xrif;qdkif xrif;onfawG tjynfh&SdaewJU awmifilblwmBuD;rSm
ylraeprf;ygeJUuGm...? EdkUNyD;aMumifqdkwm acG;vdkr[kwfzl;? auR;csifarG;csifwJUvlawG aygyg
w,f}}
,if;odkUajymrS aronf pdwfoufom&oGm;NyD;aemuf...
]]'DrSm 0g0geJUjzLjzLwkdUu NidrfNidrfav; ae&ufom;eJU olwaumifxJu bmvdkU
ckefqif;ajy;ovJ rodygbl;armif&,f}}[k nnf;jyefawmh uRefawmf&kwfw&uf owd&í...
]]a[h ar&JU? 'DvdkeJUwlw,fuG? 'dkUtdrfaxmifrSmu eHr,fwlESpfckr&Sd&bl;eJU wlw,fuG?
bmaMumifhqdk rif;om; a[m'DaumifeHr,fu eDeDr[kwfvm;...}}
trSefbJ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif arhom;ESpfa,mufteuf ti,faumif cifarmifpdk; i,frnfu
]i,fi,f}? tBuD;aumifcifarmifOD; emrnfu ]eDeD}jzpfyg\/
tcef; «6»
]]a[...ratBuD;&JU? eifh[meJU igh[mueifeJU igeJU[mudk tEdkifusifhaeMuw,fa[h}}
tdrfwtdrfwGif uav;rsm; qlnHqlnH &Sdaecdkuf zatjzpfolu ratjzpfoludk
vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/
t"dyÜm,frSm þarmifESHonf i,fvifi,fr,m; r[kwfacs/ ,cif tdrfaxmifESifh uGJNyD;
vifyg r,m;yg om;orD;rsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifusvsuf aemufxyfuav;vnf;arG;\/
xdkUaMumifh ]eifh[meJU igh[m...}qdkonfu ,ciftdrfaxmifESifh &cJUonfrsm;/
eifeJUigeJU[m...} qdkonfu olwkdUvifpkHr,m;zufu aemufarG;wJUuav;/ ,if;odkUvQif
xdktdrfrSm uav; okH;rsKd;jzpfae\/
arESifhuRefawmf nm;Mu&mrSmvnf; þoabmyif/ olUbufu uav;? uRefawmfh bufu
uav; ]eifh[m igh[m}awGESifhyif/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUwGif ]eifeJUigeJU[m} uawmh
r&Edkifawmhacs/ taMumif;rSm aronf 'kwd,uav;arG;NyD;aemufwGif tpmtdrf
a&m*gjzpfí 0rf;AdkufudkcGJvdkufaomaMumifh aemufxyf y#doaE¨vG,f&ef rjzpfEdkifawmhonf
ESifh wm;qD;ypfcJU&avNyD/ xdkUaMumifh arESifhuRefawmfonf ]eifeJUigeJU[m...}r&SdawmhbJ
]eifh[meJU igh[m}ESpfrsKd;jzifhom b0c&D; oGm;&ayawmhrnf/
tdrfaxmifwckwGif vifygr,m;yg om;orD;rsm; &Sdaeygu i,fvifi,fr,m;
wrdom;wnf;jzpfaom tdrfaxmifxufawmh jyóemwufp&m &Sdaewwfayonf/ pifppf
þta&;rSm vifa,mufsm; oabmxm;xuf r,m;bufu ydkíta&;BuD;onf/
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmvlrsKd;xkH;pHwGif ]pD;wJUa&-q,fwJUuefoif;}[lí pD;yGm;
a&;? aiGaMu;ESifh rD;zdkacsmifudk ZeD;onfu udkif&onf/ om;orD;rsm; pm;0wfaea&;onf
olUtay:rSm wnfonf/ þtacgufr,m;vkyfolu ausmom;ç&ifom; cJGjcm;vmygu
y#dyu©aygufyGm;vmayawmhrnf/
ar\oabm
þae&mü ar\oabmxm;udk uRefawmfcsD;rGrf;&onf/ uRefawmfhom;orD;rsm;
tm;qufqHykHrSm olUaoG;t&if;tcsmrsm;ESifh rjcm;yg/
uRefawmfonf yxrtdrfaxmifESifh om;orD;p&dwf wvvQif 250d ay;ygrnf [laom
0efcHuwdjzifh uGm&Sif;cJUNyDjzpfaomfvnf; om;orD;rsm;ESifhum; uRefawmf uif;uGm
&onfr[kwfay/ ,if;rSm a,mu©ra[mif;BuD;\ tBuHOmPfjzpfayonf/ taMumif;rSm
uRefawmfu wvvQif uav;wa,muf 50d EIef;ESifh ig;a,muftwGuf 250d ay;rnf
qdkxm;aomfvnf; uRefawmfonf tpdk;&vcpm;r[kwf? w&m;&kH;u
qkH;jzwfxm;onfvnf; r[kwfaomaMumifh uRefawmfonf om;orD;rsm;tm;
oHa,mZOfrjywfrSom rSefuefpGm ay;aeayvdrfhrnf[k olwGufq[efwlyg\/
uav;awGudk uRefawmfhtdrfodkU tcgtcGifh oifhwdkif; ausmif;ydwfwdkif; rSefrSefvTwf\/
þrQomruao;? wBudrfaomtcgü a,mu©r BuD;ESifh olUarmifti,fqkH;onf
&Gmwef;&Snf&Sd uRefawmfhtdrfav;odkU vdkufvmMuum x&Hom jcm;vsuf&Sdaom
twGif;cef;xJ&Sd arhtm; em;qwfqwf Mum;apvsuf uRefawmfh tm; ,ckZeD;vJ ZeD;aygh?
,cif r,m;BuD;qDvJ vmyg[kzdwfac:av&m uRefawmfhrSm MuufoD;arT;nSif;rsm;
xoGm;vsuf? uRefawmfonf r,m;wa,mufwnf;ESifh tm;r&í ti,ftaESmif;
xm;onfr[kwfyg/ ,ciftdrfaxmifü raysmfydkufí aemufwtdrfaxmif ajymif;jcif;bJ
jzpfygonf/ aemfrmhxHodkU ZeD;r,m;tjzpfESifh uRefawmfb,fawmhrS jyefvm awmhrnf
r[kwfaMumif; ajymifajymifbJ jiif;vdkuf&yg\/
'dt&if yxrwcgvJ olwdkUaqGrsKd;xJu cyfpGmpGmrdef;rwa,mufESifh uRefawmf
jrif;vSnf;orm;b0u rdwfaqGrwa,mufudk vTwfí þenf;twdkif;yif uRefawmfhtm;
yxrr,m;ESifhqufqH&ef vma&mufajymMubl;onf/ uRefawmfhrSm olwkdUpum;Mum;&onf
ESifhyif &Sufygonf/ olwkdUonf uRefawmfhoabm&if;udk em;rvnfMuyg/ olwdkUywf0ef;
usif&Sd r,m;BuD; r,m;i,f xm;Muaom vlwef;pm;uJUodkUyif uRefawmfhudkxifrSwfí
vma&mufaus;Zl;jyKMujcif; jzpfayonf/ odkUaomf olwdkUrsufESmr&Muyg/ ]]cifAsm;wdkU
'Dudpö twGufeJUawmh aemufxyf uRefawmfhtdrf rvmMubdkU awmif;yefygw,f...}}[kajymí
vTwf vdkuf&\/ ]]atmifrmav;....BuD;us,fvdkufwm...}}[k olwkdUu uRefawmfhudk
jiLplajymqdk um jyefoGm;Mu\/
olwdkUvmMupOfu arESifh uRefawmfnm;onfrSm 5v 6vrQ &SdygOD;rnf/ þodkU wjcm;vl
vTwf&kHESifh tm;r&í a,mu©ra[mif;BuD;udk,fwdkif olUarmifac:í vmonfu wvrQ
uGmjcm;ygonf/ xdkaemufüum; ,if;udpö NyD;jywfoGm;um uRefawmfhom;orD;rsm; udkom
rSefrSefvTwfawmh\/
uav;rsm;uvnf; vm&ef0rf;omMu\/ zathqDudkxuf olwdkUrdaxG;awmf
arhqDudkjzpfae\/ taMumif;rSm olwkdUonf arhudkcifwG,faeMuayNyD/ tb,faMumifhqdk
aomf aronf olwkdUudk aumif;rGefpGm auR;arG;jyKpk\/ olwdkUonf paeaeUcif;a&muf
we*FaEGnaerS jyef? wnOfhtdyfavh&Sd\/ tjyefwGifaru rkHUzdk;ygay;vdkufao;\/ ay;ykHrSm
uRefawmfhwGif tBuD;qkH;orD; 'ify,fvfaqG? om;-ausmfausmf? aomfaomf? orD; armfarmf?
arb,fvf[lí ig;a,muf&SdonfhteufrS arESifhuRefawmf nm;pESpfrsm;wGif tBuD;okH;
a,mufom vmEdkifojzifh rygcJUaom ti,fESpfa,muftwGuf arurkHUzdk;tnDtrQay;
avh&Sd\/
arESifh uRefawmf nm;p 1954-56rS 57-ckESpf {NyDvtxd aronf olU&ifaoG;
uav;rsm;ESifh cGJcGmae&&m ausmfausmf? aomfaomfrSm olUom;i,fESpfa,mufESifh &G,fwl
jzpfaeojzifh olUtm; wenf;tm;jzifh uav;tpm;xdk; ay;xm;ovdkjzpfaeí olESpfodrfh
&onf[k ajym\/ vGefcJUaomtcef;u azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; 1957-ckESpfwGif olUom;
uav;ESpfa,mufyg uRefawmfwkdUtdrf a&mufvmMuaomtcgü arhrSm om;av;a,muf
jzpfoGm;av\/ xdk 197-ckESpfwGif arhom;tBuD; eDeDu udk;ESpf uRefawmfhom;tBuD;
ausmfausmfu q,fESpf? arhom;ti,f i,fi,fu &SpfESpf? uRefawmfhom;ti,f aomfaomf
u &SpfESpf/
þuav;rsm;uvnf; upm;azmf &G,fwluav;awGrsm; jzpfaeaom olwdkUcsif; tifrwef
cifMu\/ olwkdUcsif; upm;MuonfrSm tBuD;tBuD;csif; wwGJ? ti,fti,fcsif; wwGJ?
olwkdUxuf ESpfESpfBuD;aom 'ify,fvfu vlBuD;vkyfí upm;Muonf/
uRefawmfhoabmxm;
xdk 1957-ckESpf aEG&moD? uRefawmfwkdU awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU oGm;MupOfu tvkHrS arhtar
a':apmrGefwdkU rdom;pkvJ awmifBuD;odkUa&mufvmMuí wtdrfxJaeMuonf/ arhom;av;
ESpfa,mufudk olwkdUt0wfaowåmav;rsm;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUaetdrfodkU
a&mufvMuaomtcg rrrGefu uav;rsm;ESifh uRefawmfhMum;rSm atmifoG,fvkyfay;&Sm
onf/
]]a[mh'g rif;wkdUtazbJ? ac:prf; 'uf'DvdkU? eDeD...ac:}}
onfawmh tBuD;uav;u uRefawmfhtm; r&GHUr&Jav;Munfhí...
]]'uf'D}}wJU/
]]i,fi,fuvJ ac:}}qdkawmh ti,faumifuvnf; tBuD;enf;wlbJ..
]'uf'D}}wJU/
onfawmh uRefawmfh&ifxJrSm vIdufzdkoGm;onf/ uRefawmfhom;orD;t&if;rsm;u
uRefawmfhtm; ]'g'g} ac:Mu\/ ,ck ]'uf'D}ac:onfh om;rsm; wdk;vmMuNyD/ xdkUtjyif
rEåav;aq;&kHü olwkdUzcif udkaomif;azu aocgeD;ü arhtm;rSmMum;oGm;aom pum;
(udkMuifaqGeJU oifhwifhatmifaygif;yg? uav;rsm;tm; wwfEdkifvQif &efukefodkUac:,lí
acwfynmwwfatmif oifMum;ay;yg? oluJUodkU acwfynmrwwfaom vlEkHvlzsif;BuD;
rjzpfygapESifh)
onfpum; uRefawmfhem;xJ Mum;a,mifvmawmh pdwfxJrSm xdcdkufvmonf/ olwdkU
tazqE´twdkif; onfuav;rsm;udk jyKpkay;jcif;jzifh uRefawmfwdkUrSm;cJUaom tjypfBuD;udk
tzwfqnf&awmhrnf/ udkaomif;az udk,fpm; onfuav;rsm;udk uRefawmfwm0ef,l&
awmhrnf/ uRefawmfhom;orD;t&if;ESifh rjcm;cspfygawmhrnf[k t"dXmefjyKvdkufyg\/ ,ck
'Dom;awG tdrfaxmifawGusí olwdkUom;orD;rsm;yif &ukefMuygNyD/ uRefawmfonf olwkdU
tm; Budrf;armif; &dkufykwfjcif; wcgrQ rjyKcJUyg/ ]yaxG;}rdkU[k tajymcH&rSmudk tvGefpdk;
ojzifh owdxm; qifjcifcJUyg\/ arvnf; ]rdaxG;[lí ajymp&m wuGufuav;r&Sdatmif
uRefawmfhom;orD;rsm;tay:ü oabmxm;cJUaMumif; uav;rsm;udk,fwdkiftodyif/
'gayr,fh &dk;&dk;av; uRefawmfwckawmh ajymcsifygonf/ olwdkUuav;csif; wpkH w&mudk
t&IH;tEdkifupm;Muaomtcgü uRefawmfhom;t&if;bufu Edkifapcsifaom
pdwfqE´&SdaMumif; uRefawmf0efcHygonf/ b,fvdkyif udk,fhpdwfudk,fxm;ygonf qdkaomf
vnf; aoG;u aoG;bJudkcifAs/ odkUaomf....
ajr;
ajr;usawmh aoG;ESifhrqdkifawmhjyefbl;[k uRefawmfxifjyefonf/ ,ckuRefawmfhrSm
&Sdaeaom ajr;rsm;onf r,m;ygom;rsm;u arG;wmrdkU uRefawmfESifh aoG;rpyfyg/ odkUaomf
olwdkUuav;awGudk uRefawmf cspfvdkufwJUjzpfjcif;um; uRefawmfhudk,fyif uRefawmf tHUMo
rd&awmhonf/ rlvu uRefawmfonf uav;udk odyfcspfwwfolr[kwf[k udk,fhudk,fudk
xifrdonf/ taMumif;rSm ,ciftdrfaxmifESifh aepOfuudk,fhom;orD; t&if;rsm;ESifh odyfNyD;
vufyGef;wwD; raecJU/ bmaMumifh vufyGef;wwD; raecJUoenf;/ ,ckjyefpOf;pm; awmh
taMumif;&SmawGUygNyD/ a,mu©rBuD;aMumifhudk;As/ a,mu©rBuD;eJU uRefawmfeJUu
b,fawmhrS rwnfhawmh uRefawmfu tdrfrSm ntdyfcsdefavmufyJ &Sdaeonf/ wcgw&H
vESifhcsDí tjcm;rdwfaqGrsm;tdrfwGif oGm;aeonfqdkawmh uav;rsm;ESifh taea0;NyD;
pdrf;ovdk jzpfMuoaygh/
,ckawmh uRefawmfhtdrfwGif uRefawmfbk&ifrdkU? aemufNyD; uRefawmfhtvkyfuvnf;
tdrfrSmwGif pma&;&kHbJ qdkawmh 'Duav;awG ajr;awGESifh tNrJwap&Sdaeonf/
[dk,cifwkef;u Muufom;[if; csufvQif toJtjrpfudk uRefawmfompm;\/ ,ckum;
uRefawmf rpm;&ufawmh/ 'Dajr;uav;rsm;udkauR;onf/ ajr;rav; ESpfa,muf&Sd
onfhteuf tBuD;ruav;u Muufa0S;aphudk BudKufonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhtm;....
]]ygyg? Muufom;0,f&if Muufz0,fygaemf? 'grS rDrDMuufa*G;O okH;ckpm;&rSm}}[k qdk\/
olu ausmufuyfwvkH;udkyg xnfhajymjcif;jzpf\/ xdktcg ti,fru...
]]a[h...tufzDuawmh Muufz0,f0,f Muufr0,f0,f toJpm;&wmbJuG...}}
olutoJpm;orm;/ xdkUaMumifh ajcmufESpf&SdNyDjzpfaom tBuD;ru...
]]eif[m..toJpm; bk&ifraygh}}[kajym\/ ti,fu t"dyÜm,fudk em;rvnfao;bJ..
]]tdk...toJpm;wm aumif;wmaygh...}}
tBuD;rvJ ,if;t"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfrnf r[kwfyg/ 'DoDcsif;xJu pum;vkH;udk
ol&aeíombJ/
'Duav;rESpfa,muf[m b,fbufu rsKd;&dk;EG,fcJUírod/ tifrwef tqdktu
0goemygMuonf/ oDcsif;awmfawmf rsm;rsm;vnf;&MuNyD; tawmfaumif;rGefatmifvnf;
pnf;ESifh0g;ESifh uwwfMuonf/ t&G,fav;awGESifh rvdkufatmif awmfonf[k csD;rGrf;jcif;
cH&onf/ rif;orD; EGJUEGJUpef;onf uRefawmfhtdrfESifh uyfvsuftdrfrSm ESpfESpfavmuf aeoGm;
cJUbl;&m ]]OD;aqG ajr;awGBuD;&if yefwsmausmif; ydkUyg}}[k ajymonf/
aMomf...b,fbuftrsKd; EG,fcJUírod[k uRefawmfqdkcJUrdonf/ olwdkUzGm;at uRefawmfhZeD;
arutifrwef oDcsif;qdk0goemygwmvm;/ i,fi,fuvnf; ausmif;uGef qufawGrSm
tqdktuwGif emrnf&qdkoudk;As/ tif;...tif;..'gaMumifh 'gaMumifh.../
0ufESifhMuuf
uRefawmfhajr; tBuD;qkH;av;emrnfrSm ]rDrD*Jvf}? ti,fusawmh ]tufzD}[lí olwkdU
zGm;atu t*Fvdyfvdk rSnfhav&m ti,frav; ESpfcgvnfavmufa&mufawmh
0ufuav;vdk 0ç ojzifh uRefawmfhu olUtm; ]0ufzD}[kac:í tBuD;rtm; ]<uufzD}[k
ac:rdawmh\/ aemufwajz;ajz;ESifhum; 0ufESifhMuuf[líom ac:awmh\/
uRefawmfonf em&Daygif;rsm;pGm pma&;? odkUr[kwf pmzwfae&mrS acgif;axmif xvdkufí
olwdkUuav;awGudk rjrif? olwkdUuav;awGtoH rMum;&aomf...
]]a[h...0ufawGç MuufawG r&SdMubl;vm;? b,foGm;MuvJ}}[k ukef;atmfrdwwf\/
wcgw&H NrdKUxJu olwdkUzGm;attdrf w&uf ESpf&uf oGm;aeygu uRefawmfvGrf;& onf/
]][JU...uav;awG b,fawmhrS jyefvmMur,f ajymoGm;ovJ[...}[k olwdkUzGm;at BuD;udk
ar;&onf/
,cktcsdefxd uRefawmfhom;orD;t&if;rsm;u tdrfaxmifrjyKMuao;í uRefawmfh wGif
aoG;pyfaomajr; r&ao;yg/ tu,fí &vmvQifvnf; 'Dajr;awGxufawmh ydkcspfEdkif
awmhrnfrxifyg/ xdkUaMumifh ajr;usawmh om;orD;vdk aoG;ESifhrqdkifawmh/ eD;pyf&m ydkcspf
rSmbJ[k uRefawmfqdkcsif\/
vGefcJUaom q,fESpfausmfavmufu uRefawmfhxuf q,fESpfBuD;aom &Ir0 OD;ausmfu
ajymbl;\/
]]tdrfrSm Muufom;csuf&if udk,fu toJçtjrpfrS pm;csifw,fqdkwm vli,fhpdwfAs?
vlBuD;pdwfjzpfvmawmh&if rpm;csifawmhbl;}}[k qdk&m (OD;ausmfrSwfrdOD;rvm;) uRefawmfu
]]'gbmqdkifvJAs/ toJtjrpfBudKufwJUvlu toJtjrpfpm;rSmayghAs/ ajcaxmuf&dk;eJU
acgif;BudKufwJUvlu ajcmaxmufeJUacgif; pm;rSmaygh? wifhw,feJUuRefawmfqdk&if t&uf
aomufwJUtcgrSm oluajcaxmuf&dk;eJUacgif; uRefawmfu toJtjrpfpm;w,f}}
'Dawmh OD;ausmfu ]]udk&ifi,fao;w,f? em;rvnfao;bl;}}[k jyefajym\/
[kwfuJU...OD;ausmf/ uRefawmftckem;vnfygNyD/
Muufom;0,fvQif ajr;BuD;rSmwJUtwdkif; Muufzudk a&G;0,f&ygonf/ toJudkvnf;
uRefawmfrpm;awmhyg/ ajr;i,fpm;onfudkom MunfhíESpfodrfhvSyg\/
uRefawmfonf tqdktuawG 0goemrygçyg/ tNidrfhZmwfyGJawGvnf; tvGefbJ
MunfhcJvSygonf/ odkUaomf 'Dajr;rav;ESpfa,muf qdkMuçuMuvQifawmh uRefawmfhrSm
Munfhr0Edkifawmhyg/ tm;tm;&SdvQif olwdkUuav;awGudk qdkcdkif; ucdkif;&ygonf/ rIHa&T&nf
oDcsif;rsm; olwdkUtpçtqkH; pnf;csufç 0g;csufusatmif uvdkufykHrSmvnf; EGJUEGJUpef;uyif
csD;rGrf;ygonf/
EdkUNyD; olwkdUr&wJUoDcsif; a&'D,kdu wD;vkH;vmwmudkvnf; pnf;0g;rSefatmif
Munfhaumif;atmif uçwwfMuygonf/
uRefawmfESifh iSufBuD;0Hydk
wdkufqdkifrIuav;wck ajym&OD;rnf/ þajr;rESpfa,mufteuf ti,fr tufzDu
uRefawmfESifhawmfawmfwlygonf/ tom;ta&mifa&m? rsufpdtpfykHa&m/ EdkUNyD;olUtarESifh
tazrSm yg;csKdifhrygbJESifh olUwGifygvmygonf/ tom;a&mifuvnf; olUtarçtazuf
jzLNyD; uRefawmfESifhwlaeygonf/ 'gaMumifh 'Duav;tazudk uRefawmf\ r,m;ygom;rSef;
rod? om;t&if;bJ atmufarholawGu ]]'Dajr;ti,frav;u olUtartazeJU rwlbl;?
zdk;ateJUwax&mxJbJa[h? yg;csKdifha&m bma&m}}[k ajymoHrsm;Mum;&onfü uRefawmfhrSm
vGefpGmrS 0rf;omvSygonf/ ,if;ü ief;awmfa& a>rrif;om;ESifh raxG;av;ykHjyifudk owd&
rdygonf/
raxG;av;wdkU om;trd vufyHyifay:&Sd iSufBuD;0Hydk\ todkufwGif ae&aomtcg?
raxG;av;u om;acsmh&mü ]]ief;awmfa& a>rrif;\om;? vufyHyif rdcifodyfw,f?
tdyfygawmhvm;}}[kqdkvQif iSufBuD;urBudKuf/ ]waygufESpfayguf aygufvdkuf&rvm;..}}[k
Budrf;owJU/ 'DawmhrS raxG;av;u ]]iSufBuD;&,fqdk 0Hydk\om;? vufyHyif rdcifodyfw,f?
tdyfygawmhvm;...}}qdkawmhrS iSufBuD;u [m; [m;...[m;[m;..eJU oabmusowJU/
[J..[J..usKyfvJ 'DykHjzpfaeNyDaum/ udk,fESifhaoG;rpyfwJUajr;udk ]]olwdkUajr;tzdk;&,f
rajym&bl; wlvdkufwm}}qdkawmh uRefawmfhrSm iSufBuD;0HydkvkdbJ [m;...[m;..[m;...[m;.../
ajr; rxdeJU
wBudrfaomtcgu ajr;tBuD;r tjypfwck&Sdojzifh olUtazu awmfawmfbJ &dkufae&m?
zGm;atBuD;uvnf; ]]aMumufwJUvl&Sdatmif wcgwavawmh &dkufay;rS}}[k
qdkíMunfhaeonfudk uRefawmfhrSm rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfum ]]tjypf&SdwmeJU&dkufwm wjcm;pDbJuG?
aemuf'DvdkraeeJU? 'grsKd;rvkyfeJUqdk NyD;a&mayghuG? cav; uRJ&dkuf
EGm;&dkuf&dkuf&ovm;uG}}[k qdkNyD; uav;udk olUtazvufxJrSvk,lum ]]a[haumifrif;[m
ighom;t&if;r[kwfbl;uG? igu rif;yaxG; 'gayr,fhvdkU rif;[m&SpfESpfom;uav;u
ighqDa&mufvmwm 'DaeUtxd rif;udk igu wcsuf&dkufzl;ovm;}}[k
a'gowBuD;ajymvdkufrdonf/ aemufaoG;at;oGm; aomtcgü (rif;[m ighom;r[kwfzl;?
igurif;yaxG;uG)[k ajymvdkufrdonfhtwGuf uRefawmf pdwfraumif;jzpf&jyefonf/
pifppfvnf; uRefawmfudk,fwdkifu uav;ajr;i,fudk &dkufwwfolr[kwfyg/
om;orD;t&if;awGudka&m r,m;ygom;awGudka&m uRefawmfwcgrQ r&dkufcJUyg/
odkUaomf wBudrfutjzpfwck uRefawmf,ckwdkif trSwf&aeygao;onf/ ajr;i,f
]0uf}ac:onfh tufzDonf aqmh&if; uRefawmfhpmyGJay:u zGifhxm;aom azmifwdefatmuf
odkU a'gufueJ usoGm;onfESifh uRefawmfonf &kwfw&uf a'gojzpfí pdwfjrefvufjref
vljzpf&um; uav;ausmudk jzef;ueJ wcsuf&dkufvdkufrdonf/ &dkufNyD;NyD;csif; pdwfraumif;
vGef;í ajr;udkacsmhvdkuf&wm/ 'DaeUaemufxyf pmra&;Edkifawmhbl;/ 'Dajr;avQmufcsDNyD;
rkHU0,fauR;ae&awmhoAsm/
]armif} ESifh ]ygyg;}
om;orD;tcspf ajr;tESpf[k qdkpum;jyKMu&m? uRefawmfudk,fawGUr&Sdcifu pdwftawG;jzifh
ajr;udk udk,fh&ifESpfonf;csm atmufarhcJU\/ uRefawmfhyxrajr;OD; arG;cgeD;wkef;uvnf;
ighr,m;ygom;u arG;wm? ighaoG;ygwmr[kwf? 'Duav;awmh igcspf vdkU&rSm r[kwfzl;[k
xifcJUonf/ 'Duav;arG;&ifawmh ightdrfrSm qlqlnHnHeJU ightvkyfudk
taESmifht,SufjzpfawmhrSmbJ[k rvdkpdwfxm;yif ay:cJUyg\/
odkUaomf arG;zGm;vmNyD; uav;i,frsufESmjrif&awmh u&kPmpdwf ay:vm\/ xdkpOfrSm
olUtaza&m tara&m bmtvkyfrSr&Sd/ tdrfay:wifauR;xm;&onfjzpf&m ]]aMomf
'Duav;vJ igauR;arG;jyKpk&rSmygvm;}}[k apwemoefaomoabm ouf0ifvm \/
,cif tdrfaxmifESifh aepOfu uRefawmfuav;csDwmjrifvQif tdrfeD;yg;em;rsm;u
]]armifMuifaqG uav;csDw,fa[h? 'DaeU rdk;&Gmvdrfhr,f}}[k ajymprSwfjyKavmufatmifyif
uRefawmfu uav;csDcJav&m ,ckajr;i,fusawmh csDcsifpdwfay:vm\/
aemif...'Duav;u pum;wvkH;ESpfvkH; ajymwwfvmaomtcg? olUtvdkvdk uRefawmfhtm;
]]ygyg;}}[k ac:vm\/ 'gaMumifh ,ckajr;rsm;u uRefawmfhtm; ]]ygyg;}} ]]yg}}
]]ygyg}}[kac:avh&Sdav&m? [dk,cifwkef;u aru uRefawmfhtm; ]armif}[k ac:onfudk
okwdom,m jzpfbdodkU ,ckajr;rsm;u uRefawmfhtm; ]ygyg}[k ac:&mwGif BuD;pGmaom
yDwdaomreójzpf&\/
,cktcsdefqdkvQif aru uRefawmfhtm; ]armif}[k ac:onfxuf ajr;rsm;u ]ygyg;} [k
ac:onfudk ydkíESpfoufrd\/
olwdkUzatçratESifhvnf;aumif;? zGm;atBuD;ESifhvnf;aumif;? wpkHwck rauseyfrI
&SdvQif... ]]ygyg;udk wdkifajymvdkufr,f? ygyg;...a[m'DrSm...}}[laom toHrsKd;udk Mum;&vQif
uRefawmfhrSm tlvIduftoJvIduf &SdvSygonf/ udk,fpma&;ae&mrSyif.... ]]bmvJorD;
at;uGm? 'DrmrDBuD;udk ygyg;&dkufyghr,f}}[k ajymvdkuf&wm vGefpGmt&om&Sdbd\/
trBuD; cifrsKd;cspfonf uRefawmfhxuf ajr;&aemufus\/ olUacR;rarG;cgeD;wkef;u
]]iaqG&,f? ightdrfvJ eifhtdrfvdkbJ uav;awGeJU &Iyf&Iyf&Suf&Suf jzpfvmtkH;rSmbJ? igawmh
em;NiD;rcHEdkifbl;a[h...? uav;ajr;i,f u&duxvJ rcHcsifbl;wJU}}[k ajymawmh
uRefawmfu &,farmí ]]apmifhMunfh&tkH;rayghAsm..}}[k qdkNyD; uRefawmfajr;&cgeD;wkef;u
uRefawmfhpdwfjzpfpOfudkvJajymjy&m? atmifr,folu cyfrmrmyif..
]][JU..iguawmh rif;pdwfrsKd;rxifeJUuG? 'DoHa,mZOfawG &r,frxifbl;}}[k w&m; orm;yDyD
w&m;pum;ESifh ajymcJUav&m? [m;[m;..olUacR;ru arG;csvdkufawmh a,mufsm;
av;wa,muf? rdef;uav;wa,muf t>rmyl;cifAsm...? ra&TpmBuD; wcsDxJeJU ajr;w&SOf;
&a&m? tckawmh ]]aomfwmaqG...rif;ajymwm [kwfouG}}0efcH&Sm\/
om;cspfESifh ajr;cspf
om;orD;udk cspfaomtcspfESifh ajr;udkcspfaom tcspf? EIdif;,SOfMunfhu rwlaom
tcsufrsm;udk awGU&onf/ ajr;udkcspfaomtcspfu ydkí rGefjrwfoefUpifonf[k xifrd
onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf om;orD;udkcspf&? auR;arG;jyKpk&onfrSm udk,fuarG;wJU
udk,fh&ifaoG;awGubJ? udk,fhwm0efvkH;vkH; r[kwfaybl;vm;/ ajr;usawmh wu,fqdk&if
olUrSm tareJUtazeJUubJ? udk,fuaer,fqdk taeomBuD;ubJ/ 'gudkraeEdkifvdkU
udk,fu0ifcspfwm[m apwemoufouf r[kwfygvm;/
EdkUNyD; om;orD;tay: rdbrsm;u cspfMuonfrSm ajrSmfvifhcsuftcsKdU&Sdae\/
b,folUom;orD;av;awG[mjzifh awmfvdkufwmuG,f...qdkaom*kPf/ aemif 'Dom;orD;awG
BuD;jyif;í olwdkUtvkyftudkifrsm; &aomtcg rdbrsm;yifyef;EGrf;EG,fvQif cdkvIH&rSmbJ
qdkaom &nf&G,fcsufonf rdbwdkUrSm &SdwwfpNrJwnf;/
a[m...ajr;usawmh...aMomf...olwdkUav;awG t&G,fa&mufatmifrS ightouf
&SnfygOD;rvm;[k pdwfxJwGif wGufqae&vsuf bmrQjyefí &,lcsifaomqE´r&Sd/
ajr;onf tzdk;çtzGm;\ BuD;azmf
wenf;tm;jzifh tzdk;tzGm;onf ajr;rsm;udk cspfonfhtaMumif;wcsuf &Sdygao;\/
ajr;&vmaomtcsdefü uRefawmfwdkUt&G,fonf BuD;MuNyD r[kwfygvm;/ udk,fESifh[dk,cif
cspfuRrf;0ifcJUMuaom i,faygif;BuD;azmfwdkUvnf; tcsKdUaoqkH;MuNyD/ tcsKdUtaea0;í
oGm;MuNyD/ tcsKdUtqifrajyí vlcsif;rawGUEdkifMuawmhNyD/ uRefawmfhudk,fyif uRefawmf
om"u wifMunfhprf;ygrnf/ ,cifu aeUpOfaomufazmfpm;zufrsm; jzpfMuaom
oef;aqG? rdk;a0 aoMuNyD/ rif;&Sif wifhw,f &SdMuao;aomfvnf; vlcsif;taea0;í
tvkyfcsif; tvSrf;usJoGm;MuNyD/ xdkUtjyif uRefawmfwkdUrSm [dkwkef;uvdk r&TifMuawmhNyD/
¤if;jyif i,fpOfuvdkvnf; a[;vm; 0g;vm; raysmfyg;csifawmh/ onfawmh udk,fhtdrfrSmyif
taersm;awmh\/ udk,fhtdrfrSmqdkawmh ri,fMuawmhNyDjzpfaom udk,fhom;orD;awGu
udk,fhudk uG,f&mwGif ]blwmBuD;bJ? tzdk;BuD;bJ}[k ajymMuí w,fNyD; aq;abmfaMumbuf
rvkyfMuawmh/ olwdkUacwf olwdkUtjrifESifh jcm;em;ypfcJUMuNyD/
'Dawmh usKyfwdkUrSm ajr;i,fawGbJ tazmfvkyf&awmhoAs/ olwdkUuav;awG qdkawmh
udk,fajymcsif&m ajym? qdkcsif&m qdkwdk;wdk;azmf&oAs/ wcgw&H udk,fu i,frljyef vdkU
udk,fhacwfu udk,f&cJUwJuoDcsif; qdkcsifvJqdk? acwfrrSDbl;? toHraumif;bl;? pnf;
0g;rusbl;vdkUvJ olwkdUu rajymbl;As/ auseyfESpfoufpGmbJ em;axmifaeMuoAs/
wcgw&H usKyfwdkUvifr,m;csif; uawmufuq jzpfcJUMuNyD; pdwfajyp jyKMuvdkU
jyefpum;ajymcsif&if ajr;uav;awGudk tokH;cs&oAs/ ]] [JU orD;? eifhrmrDBuD; oGm;ajym
acsprf; xrif;cl;vdkU..}}
]][JU..ajr;? ygygBuD; aumfzDaomufrvm;vdkU oGm;ar;prf;...}}
tif;..[if;../ 'Dvdkrsm;vJ atmifoG,fvkyfcdkif;&ao;As/ 'gaMumifh usKyfwdkU ajr;udk
cspfMuwm taMumif;wcsufyJ cifAs/
ajr;qE´
vGefcJUaom Zefe0g&Dv 13 &ufaeUu uRefawmfu ]0uf}[kac:onfh ajr;i,f tufzD
av;ESpfjynfhygonf/ olwkdUav;awGudk arG;aeUyGJ vkyfay;avh&Sd&m onfESpfonf
tcsdefrSmawmh c&pfprwfyGJESifhvnf; eD;cJUí uRefawmfwkdUrSm awmfawmfbdkifusae\/ &SdaiGrSm
aemufxyfaiGr&rD tvsifrSD&kHavmufomjzpfae\/ xdkUaMumifh olUrmrDBuD;u..
]]ajr;a&....ajr;arG;aeUawmh rmrDBuD;wdkUrSm ydkufqHr&SdvdkU bmrSrauR;Edkifawmhbl; uG,f..}}[k
ajymawmh ajr;i,fu...
]]udpör&Sdygbl; rmrDBuD;&,f...? [dku rmrDBuD;ydkUvdkufwJU tufzD&JU bmha';udwfyJ
tufzDoli,fcsif;awGudk a0rQauR;&rSmaygh}}[k jyefajymvdkufawmh uRefawmfh&ifxJrSm
vIdufzdkí oGm;ygonf/ NrdKUxJ&Sd olUrdcifbufu zGm;atu olUajr;rsm; arG;aeUudk jynfolU
rkHUwdkufrS arG;aeUudwf0,fí ay;avh&Sdygonf/ 'DudwfrkHUav;udkbJ teD;ywf0ef;usifrSm&Sd
wJU olUrdwfaqGuav;awGudk cGJa0auR;ygrnf[k ajymvdkufjcif; jzpfawmhuRefawmf&ifqdkU
oGm;vsuf....
]]uJ....tarBuD;a&? rif;[dkvufpGyfuav;bJ taygifqdkif jyefydkUwmayghuGm...}}[k ajymNyD;
rkHU[if;cg; ig;ydómauR;vdkuf&\/
aMomf...'Dajr;av;awG vljzpfvmrS ukefaps;EIef;awGBuD;vSí uRefawmfwdkUrSm
aiGaMu;usyfwnf;Muonf/ olwdkUav;awG 0wf&onfrSmvnf; MunfhygOD;/ [dkwkef;uqdk
vQif uav;ESifhvdkufaom trsKd;tpm; tqifvSvSav;awG csKyfay;&onf/ ,ckawmh
zsifptopf 0,fEdkifonfu enf;yg;vSí olwdkUtaz ykqdk;a[mif;ESifh uRefawmfhykqdk; tNyJ
rsm;udk tusÐ abmif;bDav;awG csKyfay;&onf/ xdkUaMumifh wcgw&H uRefawmfhajr;rsm;
tm; ]][JU ykqdk;pkwfuav;awG}}[k ac:rdwwf\/ olwdkUav;awGuawmh em;rvnf&Smbl;/
]]a[h ig'uf'Dh ykqdk;0wf&w,fuG? ygyg;ykqdk; 0wf&w,f}}ESifh *kPf,lMu\/ aMomf..olwkdU
pdwfxJ uav;qdkwm 'DvdkbJ? vlBuD;t0wfa[mif; 0wf&onf[k rSwf,lMuvdrfhrnf xifyg
\/
uJ....om;ajr;awGtaMumif; onfwGif acwå&yfem;NyD; aqGrsKd;rsm;taMumif; a&;yg OD;rnf/
aqGrsKd;
uRefawmfonf wcgw&H tvsOf;oifhí tdrfaxmifa&;aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;aom tcgü
Muifbuf&SmolwkdUtm; rdrdcspfolwa,mufwnf; 0çuGufrMunfhbJ aqGrsKd;todkuf
t0ef;\ tajctae? pdwfaeoabmxm;awGudkyg pl;prf;bdkU tBuHOmPfrsm; ay;cJUyg\/
taMumif;rSm tdrfaxmifusNyDqdkvQif vifonfr,m;bufu aqGrsKd;? r,m;onf vifbuf
uaqGrsKd; pufuGif;xJodkU 0ifa&muf&NyD rvGJwnf;/ xdktcg þaqGrsKd;wkdUu aumif;rGefyg
u pdwfcsrf;om&m&\/ raumif;bl;qdkvQif taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;awGESifh pdwfqif;&Jp&m
BuKH&wwf\/ aqGrsKd;qdkwmawGuvnf; uif;uGmí&onfr[kwfay/ udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrfESifh
oD;oefUaeayrifhvnf; olwkdUvmMuayvdrfhrnf/ udk,fuvnf; oGm;&aomtvSnfh&Sday
rnf/ xdktcg cspfcifMuifemrI&SdMuonf? olUbufudk,fhbuf rQwrI&SdMuonfqdkvQif
aumif;\/ udk,fhbufudk,f ,ufcsifwJU vdyfrsKd;awG? tEdkiftxuf usifhcsifwJU
usm;rsKd;awG ESifh awGUvQifum; tjcm;edrf;wwfavownf;/
xdkUaMumifh aqGrsKd;todkuft0ef;udk Munfh[kqdk&mü yxrolwkdUom;trd om;tz nDtudk
armifESrqufqHykHudk Munfhyg/ cspfcspfcifcif MuifMuifemem&Sdygovm;? tajymtqdk
odrfodrfarGUarGU &Sdygovm;? tajymtqdk Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;ESifh tBuD;u ti,fudk
tEdkifhtxuf jyKusifhwwfygovm;? rdbraocifu tarGcJGcsifaeMuovm;.../
'kwd, olwkdUaqGrsKd;csif; qufqHykH? tay;t,lrQwyg\avm/ remvdk0efwdkrpä&d,
&Sdwwfygovm;/ twif;tzsif;ajymwwfygovm;/ wOD;udkwOD; auR;csifarG;csif ay;csif
urf;csif&Sdygovm;/ tajctaejrifholu edrfholudk b,fvdkoabmxm;ygoen;f/
¤if;wkdUudk qifjcifokH;oyf&ayrnf/
'DtaMumif;awG uRefawmf a&;jyEdkifwm aomfwmaqG pdwful;OmPfaumif;vSvdkU
r[kwfygbl;/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkif 'Dtaumif;tqdk;ESpfrsKd;xJudk 0ifa&mufcJU&vdkUbJAsKdU/ r,kH
r&SdeJU udk,fawGUawG udk,fawGUawG/ uJ...vmygNyDcifAsm/
yxrwrsKd;
]]'DrSm armifMuifaqG&JU? aqGrsKd;aMumifhMuç okH;aMumifhMu&SdouG,fh? udk,fhxufom rSm
pdk;w,f? udk,fhxufemrSm pdk;&w,f? udk,feJUwef;wlaerSm pdk;&w,f? bmaMumifhvJqdk awmh
'if;wkdUu udk,fhxufomae&if udk,fuatmufusç aemufusjzpfrSmayghuG,f?
udk,fhxufem-udk,fhxufqif;&Jw,fqdk&if udk,fuay;&urf;&vdrfhr,f? udk,fhqDvmawmif;
Muç &rf;Muvdrfhr,f? EdkUNyD; udk,feJUwef;wlaew,fqdk&ifvJ udk,fhudk *kPfwk*kPfNydKif
vkyfvdrfh r,fuG,fh....}}
uJ...pm&IolcifAsm/ 'Dtwdkif;qdk&ifjzifh awmxGufNyD; opfwyif&if; 0g;wyifatmuf rSm
wudk,fwnf; w&m;usifhaebdkyJ&Sdawmhw,f cifAs/ tdrfaxmifom;arG;rI rjyKygaveJU
awmh/
þqkH;rMo0g'um; uRefawmfhyxr a,mu©rBuD;\ rdciftzGm;BuD;u uRefawmf
olwkdUtdrfwufa&mufí rMumrDrSm oGefoifajymjyvdkufwm cifAs/
wenf;wzkHtm;jzifh &,fp&mpum;[lí ,lqbG,f&Sdaomfvnf; trSefpifppfum;
uRefawmfha,mu©r tdrfaxmifESifh olwkdUaqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm; usifhokH;Muonfu þtwdkif;
yif/ orD;a,mufr? acR;reJUa,mu©r uG,f&mwGif wa,mufESifhwa,muf twif;ajym
Muvm;? tvGefajym/ vv,f&uf aiGusyfvdkUwOD;u wOD;pDacs;&if twdk;eJU/ xdktcg
twdk; ay;&oluvnf; olrsm;aiGacs;NyD; wenf;wzkH <um;ao;As/ b,fvdkvJqdk&if...
]]tdk..usKyfwdkU bPfrSmaiG&Sdom;bJ? usKyfwdkU orD;a,mufrcsif; olu 'DaiGwdk;av;& rs
pm;&wmrdkU wrifacs;wmyg}}wJU/ BuKHbl;ç Mum;bl;Mu&JUvm; udk,fhvlwkdU/
olwkdUtrsKd;rSm nDtudkarmifESrcsif;vnf; rwnfhwwfMu/ wjzKef;jzKef; &efjzpfwwf \/
uRefawmfhZeD;wGif arG;aygufazmf av;a,muf&Sd&m tBuD;qkH;onf ti,fawGudk tEdkif
usifhwwf\/ ememusnf;usnf; xdk;cwfwwf\/ Mur;fMurf;wrf;wrf; qJa&;wwf\/
rdbu om;ajr;rsm; tay:ü oabmxm;ykHvnf; raumif;yg/ uRefawmfhom; ]aomfaomf}
arG;wJU 1948-ckESpfu a&mifpkHolykefawGtm;aumif;í ]&efukef tpdk;&}[k ac:avmuf
atmif e,fawGtquftoG,f jywfojzifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&; vkyfief;rsm; tajcysufav
&m xdkcPrSm uRefawmfhwGif 0ifaiGr&Sd/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkUrdom;pkudk olxrif;tvum;
auR;rxm;Edkifygbl;[k a,mu©rBuD;u tukefESifcs\/ 'gudk uRefawmfcGifhvTwfygw,f/
odkUaomf ,ckwdkif uRefawmfhpdwfxJ tcJrausEdkifonfum;...uRefawmfhom;tBuD;u ]ausmf
ausmf}rdkU ti,fudk ]aZmfaZmf}[k rSnfhrnfjyK&m a,mu©rBuD;u bmajymw,fxifygoenf;/
]]a[h....eifhom;udk aZmfaZmfvdkU rrSnfheJU? ighOD;av; OD;aZmfazqdkwm &Sdaew,f? [dkwkef;u
yJcl;rSm XmemtkyfBuD;aygh? eifhemrnfygwJU ]aomfaomf}vdkU rSnfhygvm;[JU}}[k qdkojzifh ,ck
uRefawmfhom;rSm ]aZmfaZmf}rjzpfzJ ]aomfaomf}jzpfaeyg\/
uJ...bmqdkifoenf;/ uRefawmfhrSm aiGaMu;r&Sdí tdrfay:uESifcswm bmrQrajym vdkyg/
'Duav; (olUajr;)emrnfrSnfhwmrsm; uRefawmfhaiGr&SdwmeJU olUtararmif? olUOD;
av;emrnf ]aZmf}wvkH;ygwmeJU ]aZmfaZmf}rrSnfh&bl; qdkwm pmzwfolrsm; pOf;pmMunfhMu
prf;ygcifAsm/
odkUaomf uRefawmf þudpöudk olwdkUtdrfay:rSmyif *vJUpm;acscJU&ygonf/ uRefawmf
*vJUpm;acsykHum;...
1952-ckESpf uRefawmfhorD; taxG;qkH; arb,fvf arG;aomtcg uRefawmftdrf wGifr&Sd/
aus;awm&Gm aemufcHxm;aom 0w¬Kwyk'fa&;&ef udk,fh&GmodkUjyefae\/ þ0w¬K ]bGaEåm
Muufolcdk;}NyD;í jyefvmcJUaomtcg tvJU....tdrfrSm olUOD;av; OD;aZmfazqdkwm tzdk;BuD;ç
tzGm;BuD; vifr,m;? orD;ESpfa,mufeJU a&mufaeoAs/
'Dtcsdef 'DtcgrSm ,cifXmetkyfa[mif;BuD;[mvJ yifpifyga&mif;NyD; olUtzGm;BuD; u
zJ&dkufypfvdkUwJU/ jzLcgjymcg usaeoAs/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfha,mu©rBuD;u uRefawmfh
bmajymovJodvm;/
]]a[h...'DrSm armifMuifaqG? olwkdUvmaeMuwm rifhrdef;r rsufESmjrifwmudkvmMu wmuG?
tck'DrSmaeMuwmvJ [dkighOD;av; orD;ESpfa,mufu rifhrdef;rudk jyKpkbdkU? tESD;
bmavQmfbdkUayghuGm}}qdkawmh uRefawmfu....
]][m aumif;wmayghcifAsm...}}
trSefrSmawmh [dk[mawGu pm;p&mçaep&mr&SdvdkU wufvmMuwmAs/ aqGrsKd; aMumifhMuç
okH;aMumifhMurSm 'kwd,tuGuf 0ifaeoudk;As/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfha,mu©r BuD;u
bmqufvufajymovJqdk&if...
]]tJ'Dawmh olwkdUpm;p&dwfudk rif;ucHuGm}}wJU/
edyfayh? usdwf[.../
tJonftcsdefrSm uRefawmfu tazhqDuvJ aiG&vmw,f/ vkH;csif;0w¬Kwyk'fuvJ
NyD;vmw,fqdkawmh aiGuNzKd;aeoudk;As/ 'gaMumifholUemrnfrSm ]aZmf}ygwmeJU ighom;em
rnfawmif ]aZmfaZmf}rrSnfh&atmif 'DavmufBuD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSwJU yk*¾dKvfBuD; rdom;pk
awmh igu auR;vdkufr[JUvdkU pdwfxJucJNyD;...
]]auR;r,fAsm}}[k tmrcHNyD; aeUpOfbJ uRefawmfu [if;vsmaumif;aumif;rGefrGef awG
0,fjcrf;ay;oAs/ uRefawmfhrl&if; olUudkay;aeus? xrif;vcudkvJ rysufap&bl;/
onfawmh olwkdUtJ'DtrsKd;awGu uRefawmfhudk b,fvdkac:MurSwfovJ/ ]]olaX;av;...
olaX;av;}}wJU/ [J...[J../
pifppfawmh olwdkUtrsKd;awG[m aqG&,fç rsKd;&,fvdkU wOD;udk wOD;tdrfay:wifNyD;
xrif;MumMumauR;wJUtrsKd;r[kwfzl;As/ ajymcJUNyDaum/ aomfaomf arG;pESpf? 1948-ckESpf
rSm uRefawmfbdkifusvdkU a,mu©rBuD;u orD;eJUajr;awGudk tdrfay:uarmif;cs? oHvsifu
ta':u oem;w,fvdkUac:oGm;/ y,fy,f? ausmfausmf? aomfaomf? uav;okH;a,mufeJU
aemfrm[m ESpfvavmuf MumcJUw,f/ tJ'gudk aemufwdkif;jynf tajctaeaumif;vdkU
uRefawmf0ifaiG&awmh&if xrif;a<u;awmif;wJUtwGuf wv 50d-EIef;eJU&ufwGufyg
ay;vdkuf&oAs/
'gudkvJ uRefawmfupdwfxJ aw;xm;NyD; tJ'Dtzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;rdom;pkudk uRefawmfu
&uf&ufa&ma&mBuD; auR;aejcif;bJ/
'gayr,fh awmfawmf tHUMop&maumif;wJU trsKd;awGcifAs/ ]]olaX;av;u 'DaeU 'dkUudk
bm[if;auR;tkH;r,f rodbl;a[h}}eJU olwdkUNyKH;NyKH;&Tif&Tif aeUpOf csufjyKwfpm;aeMuvdkU
wvu ESpfvçokH;v0ifvmawmh uRefawmfha,mu©rBuD;u tJ'Dtzdk;BuD;çtzGm;BuD; rdom;pk
udk ro'¨mcsifbl; jzpfvmjyefoAs/ ighorD;eJUom;rufvkyfpmudk 'if;wkdUtvum; vmpm;ae
w,fqdkwJU pdwfrsKd; aygufvm[efwloAs/ EdkUNyD; 'gawGtwGuf ighom;rufukefaewJUaiGudk
ig&&if aumif;rSmbJvdkU wGufqvmw,fvJ jzpfvdrfhr,fAs/ ol{nfhonfawGtay:rSm
jiLjiLplpljzpfvmw,f/ waeUa&T{nfhonf? ESpfaeU aiG{nfhonfvdkU &Gwfvmw,f/
taMumif;jycsufuav; wckvJzefwD;vdkufAs/ b,fvdkvJqdk&if tzdk;BuD;tzGm;BuD; rSm
orD;ESpfa,muf ygcJUw,fvdkU uRefawmfajymcJUw,f r[kwfvm;/ wa,mufu
tdrfaxmif&Sif? vifeJU cPuGJvmwm/ uRefawmfwkdUtdrfa&mufNyD; wvrMumcifbJ olUvif
u vmac:vkdUygoGm;NyD/ usefwJUti,fru tysKdav;? 'D[mav;eJUuRefawmfhudk ,kwfywf
vmoAs/
]]tif;...'Dt&G,fawGqdkwm wtdrfxJ MumMumaevdkU pdwfcs&wm r[kwfzl;? EdkUNyD;
aumifrav;uvJ taetxdkif &Jwif;ygbdoeJU}}
ratBuD;u pum;cif;ay;vdkufawmh orD;jzpfolu...
]][kwfw,f....udkMuifaqGUudk yGwfoD;yGwfoyfaeNyD; udkudk udkudk...eJU}}[k axmufcH vdkuf\/
olwdkUa&csKd;cef;xJrSm ajymaeMuonfudk uRefawmfuuyfvsuf tdyfcef;xJrSaeí
Mum;ae&\/
aumifrav;u uRefawmfESifh&if;&if;ESD;ESD;aeí udkudkac:wmrSefygonf/ odkUaomf
uav;ru olwdkUxifovdk pdwfrsKd;r[kwf&Smyg/ uRefawmfhtm; auR;arG;xm;ol&,fvdkU
ta&;ay;jcif;om jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfhbufuvnf; ]]cifAsm;wdkU trsKd;xJawmh 'Dwa,mufxJeJUbJ a&;qvH?
'dk;qvHygAsKdU}}[k atmfajymvdkufcsifyg\/
onfvdkESifh w,fNyD;rMumygacs/ aemfrmwdkUom;trdESifh [dkom;trd ylnHylnHjzpfMu NyD;
xdktzdk;BuD;ESifh tzGm;BuD;wkdU vpfMuygavownf;/
xdktcg a,mu©rBuD;u uRefawmfhtm; ]]rif;wkdUaemufxyfuav;wa,muf wdk;vmNyDuGm?
ighudk xrif;vcig;q,fwkd;ay;awmh}}qdkonfESifhtnD uRefawmfu ay;vdkuf yg\/
þae&mü acwåjzwfajymyg&ap/ vGefcJUaomokH;vavmufu uRefawmfhom;orD; rsm;u
olwkdUaqGrsKd;rsm;raumif;aMumif; a&;&ygrnfvm;? olwkdUOD;av;u &SufvSygonf qdkí
uRefawmfhudkvmNyD; &efawGUMuyg\/ onftcgrSm uRefawmfu (aMomf...ighom;orD;
av;awG pdwfraumif;jzpf&SmMuygvm;)[k bmrQjyefrajymbJ acgif;ikHUaevdkufyg\/
y,fy,feJU aomfaomfu ]]'g'g...aemufra&;ygeJUawmh}}[k wm;jrpfoGm;Muao;\/ tck
'g'g pdwfxJ&Sdwmudk xkwfajymawmhr,f om;wdkUorD;wkdUa&/ rif;wkdUtaz[m pma&;q&m/
[kwfwmrSefwmudk raumif;raumif;bl;? aumif;&if aumif;w,fa&;&rSmbJ/ wenf;tm;
jzifhvJ 'g[m ighb0&Sif;wrf;bJ/ at;...rif;wkdUudkvJ igajymcsifw,f/ rif;wkdUrSm [dkbuf
trsKd;u raumif;wJUpdwfxm;rsKd;&Sdr,fqdk&if xkwfypfvdkufMu? cgypfvdkufMu/ nDtudk
armifESraqGrsKd;om;csif; b,fvdkpdwfxm;&r,fqdkwmudk 'g'gb0udk,fawGUawGeJU a&;jyyg
r,f/ pmzwfy&dowf tm;vkH;twGufyJ/ tJ'gra&mufcif rif;wkdUtrsKd;awG raumif;cJUykH
awG usefao;w,f/ a&;jyOD;r,f/ tckvuf&Sd ouf&SdawGaemf/ r,kH&ifar;MunfhMu/
aomaomfausmif;ae aemufus&jcif;
aomfaomfonf 1948-ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJUí arESifhuRefawmf nm;aom 1954ckESpf rSm
6ESpfom;&SdNyD/ odkUaomfvlaumifu i,fpOfu cyfnSufnSufrdkU ausmif;rae&ao;/ 1955-
ckESpf? ZGefv ausmif;awGzGifhprSm aomfaomftm; ausmif;tyfawmhrnf? ausmif;0if
aMu;ay;yg[k y,fy,fESifhausmfausmfuvmawmif;\/ xdkpOfu y,fy,fESifhausmfausmf
aeMuaom pdefzDvdkrDemhpfrdkU aiGuawmfawmfav;rsm;\/ olwdkUvmaomaeUrSm uRefawmf
wdkUwGif aiGvG,fvG,fr&Sdojzifh ]]rif;wkdUzGm;atBuD;udk acwåpdkufNyD; uav;ausmif;tyfxm;
cdkif;vdkufyguGm? aemufwe*FaEGawmh vmcJU? 'g'gay;ygr,f}}[k ajymvTwfvdkuf\/
odkUESifh aemufwe*FaEG vmMuí ]]b,fhES,f aomfaomf ausmif;tyfNyD;NyDvm;}} ar;awmh?
]]rtyf&ao;bl;}}wJU? ]][JU...ae&mr&bJ aeygtkH;r,fuGm...}}qdkawmh.... ]]r,foDv&ifawGeJU
rmrDBuD;eJUcifw,f? b,ftcsdef oloGm;ajymajym&w,f? tyfNyD;w,f qdk&if
'g'guaiGray;bJ aerSmpdk;vdkUwJU}}
]][JU...ighom;twGuf iguray;bJ aervm;uG}}qdkNyd; olwkdUawmif;aomaiGudk
ay;vTwfvdkuf\/ odkUaomf aemufwe*FaEGvmMuawmh aomfaomftwGuf ae&mr&Sdawmh í
r&awmhwJU/ ,if;odkUjzifhaomfaomfonf ausmif;aewESpfaemufuscJU&yg\/
odkUaomf aomfaomfu OmPfaumif;í wef;ausmfawGwufcJU&\/ wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJrSm
'DokH;ck&ojzifh q&m0efvdkif;vdkuf&í ,ck M.B.B.S aemufqkH;ESpf? tu,fíom olUzGm;atBuD;
'DaiGav; wywfavmufudk rwGufuyfcJUbl;qdkvQif ,ckESpf uRefawmfhom;
q&m0efjzpfaeNyDaygh/ 'Duav;ausmif;p&dwfqdkwmu olwkdUvpOfay; 250d tjyif awmif;
wmaemf/ uRefawmfay;cJUyg\/ aruvJ MunfjzLcJUyg\/
olwkdUaqGrsKd;csif; rvdkwrm &SdvdkufMuykHrsm;
,if;odkU uRefawmfu aiGudkrSefrSefay;aeawmh olwdkUaqGrsKd;csif; b,fvdk wGef;Mu
ygoenf;/
1958 ckESpf? rdk;awG wzGJzGJ&Gmaecdkuf olwdkUajc&if; acgif;&if; tdrfcsif;uyfvsufae Muaom
aemfrm\ nDrw0rf;uJGonf xD;ryg bmrygESifh okwfoD;okwfysm a&mufvmNyD;...
]]udkMuifaqG....udkMuifaqG...&Sifuawmh aemfrmhtaMumif;bmrS rodbl;? aiGawGom
rSefrSefay;aewmbJ}}[k arha&SUwGif ajymí uRefawmfu...
]][JU ....aemfrm bmjzpfvdkUwkef;....}}
]]tdrfa&SUtdrfu ausmif;q&mwa,mufeJU jzpfaew,fawmh? tJ'golwkdUudk aiGray;
eJUawmh...}}
'DtcsdefrSm 'Daumifru touf 20ausmf? tdrfaxmifESifh/ olaemfrmwkdUom;trdESifh
&efjzpfxm;[ef wlygonf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu...
]][JU..'g...igeJUbmqdkifwkef;? igawmif tckaemufrdef;r,lxm;NyDbJ? aemfrmvJ olaemufvif
,lcsif,lEdkifwmaygh/ igtckaiGay;aewmu ighom;orD;awGtwGuf ay;ae wmbJ/
aemfrmvif,lvJ iguawmh ay;aerSmbJ? oGm;oGm; eif...ightdrfay:u ckcsufjcif;
qif;oGm;}}[k armif;xkwfvdkuf\/
'if;vrf;r a&mufoGm;rS uRefawmfaemifw&\/
]]awmuf..'D[mr? igyg;csvTwfvdkuf& taumif;om;}}
taMumif;rSm wae&mü azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; 1948-ckESpf aemfrmwkdU om;trdawG
olwkdUtdrfodkUoGm;í cdkudk;&pOf uRefawmfhorD; y,fy,fu av;ig;ESpf/ olu tysKdayguf/
olausmif;oGm;cgeD; tvSjyifaeonfudk uav;u armhfMunfhaerdojzifh bmrajym
nmrajym uav;yg;udk zsef;ueJ &dkufvdkuf\/ teD;ü&Sdaeaom uRefawmfu...
]][..bmjzpfvdkU &dkufwmvJ[,f...}}qdkawmh ]]&dkufcsifvdkU}}wJU/
ypfpmwapmif
uRefawmfaiGrSefrSef ay;aeonfudk aemfrmtm; remvdkolum; 'D[mrwaumifxJ
r[kwfao;/ aemufwaumifr &Sdaeao;\/ olUypfpmrSm emrnfrygaomfvnf; vlcsif;
eD;eD;uyfuyf aecJUbl;wmuvm;/ olUvufa&;ESifh olUavoHudk uRefawmfodwmaygh/
aemfrmESifh aqGrsKd;csif; tvGef&if;ygonf/ olUpmrSm...
[JU..MuifaqG
eifu ta0;rSmaeNyD; bmrSrodbl;/ eifhr,m;udk aiGrSefrSefay;aew,f/ eifh[mru
ckaemufrD;vif;aeNyD od&JUvm;/ eif EGm;uscHNyD; aiGay;raeeJUawmh/
eifhudk eGm;rjzpfapvdkol
uRefawmfu þpmESifhyl;wJGí t&if[dk[mr ajymoGm;wmawGyg a&;xnfhNyD; aemfrmhxHodkU
olwkdUajymwmawG [kwfaevQif aemfrm aumif;rGefpGm tdrfaxmifjyKEdkifyg onf/
,if;odkUjyKaomfvnf; uRefawmfu udk,fhom;orD;twGuf ay;aeaom aiGudkawmh
rSefrSefay;aerSmbJ[k pma&;vkduf\/
odkUaomf aemfrmonf olwkdUpGyfpGJouJUodkU r[kwfygacs/ tu,fí aemfrm
aemuftdrfaxmifjyKoGm;vnf; uRefawmf tvGef0rf;omygnrf/
aMomf...aemfrmwdkUtjzpfuvnf;...
uRefawmfolUudk tvGefoem;ygonf/
oem;&mrS ]'Davmufawmif[,f..}[k a'govnf;xGuf&\/ Oyrmwck jyygrnf/
1962-ckESpf waeUaom eHeufcif;ü olonfwa,mufwnf; uRefawmfhtdrfodkU rvmpzl;
pdwfnpfnL;aomrsufESmESifh a&mufvm\/ olb,fvdkjzpfvmygoenf;/ uRefawmf
pdwfraumif;/ tusKd;taMumif; ar;Munfhawmh....
aMomftjzpfu 'DvdkwJUAsm/ olwkdUeJUacgif;&if;tdrfu rdef;rBuD;eJU &efjzpfowJU/ 'Dawmh
tJonfta':BuD;u ]]eifwdkU[m armifMuifaqGay;vdkU pm;ae&wm? tckarmifMuif aqGudk
aemufxyf aiGray;awmhbdkU oGm;ajymr,f}}qdkvdkUwJUAsm/ tJ'g tck'Drdef;rBuD;
vmajymoGm;NyDvm;? olb,fvdkajymajym uRefawmfu aiGray;bJawmh raeygeJU vmajym
wmwJUAsm/
]]'Drdef;rBuD;eJU uRefawmfu bmrSawmfwmvJ r[kwf? tdrfcsif;uyfaecJUí vlcsif; od&kHbJ/
'Dta':BuD;uvJ BuHBuHzefzef Ncdrf;acsmufw,f/ 'gaMumifh...
]]jzpfrSjzpf&av aemfrm&,f? b,folu bmajymajym? ighom;orD;twGuf aiGudk awmh
igay;rSmaygh[}}qdkNyD; teD;&Sd artm;...
]]tck 'DvxJtwGufaum ay;NyD;NyDvm;}}
aru ]]ay;NyD;ygNyD}}[k ajymí aemfrmu ]]&NyD;ygNyD udkMuifaqG/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f
ar&,f}}[k qdkNyD;arhvufudk oluudkif\/
]]uJ..'gjzifh aemfrmpdwfat;vufat;? pdwfcsvufcsom jyefaya&mh? arolUudk
bwfpfum;*dwfa&mufatmif vdkufydkUvdkufprf;uGm}}
trsKd;orD;ESpfOD; wa,mufvuf wa,mufudkifí vrf;ra&mufoGm;Muawmh uRefawmf
olwkdUudkMunfhum twdwfqDodkUjyefoGm;rdonf/
1942-ckESpf? aemfrmESifhuRefawmfnm;Muawmh olu q,fhig;ESpf? uRefawmfu
ESpfq,fhokH;ESpf/ aemfrmESifh uRefawmf q,fhESpfESpfaygif;cJUNyD;? 1954-ckESpfrSm arESifh
uRefawmfnm;Muawmh aruESpfq,f? uRefawmfu okH;q,fhig;ESpf/
aemfrmESifh uRefawmfonf wvrf;wnf; tdrfcsif;eD;uyfpGm aecJUMuí vlcsif; jrifawGUNyD;
cspfBudKufcJUMuonf/
arESifh uRefawmfonf tvGefa0;uGmaom NrdKUrsm;rS vlcsif;rjrifbl;yJvsuf
aomfwmaqG0w¬KawG ESpfoufcJU&mrS vlcsif; cspfBudKufcJUMuonf/
aemfu pma&;q&mudkrod? aiGudkomMunfhwwfonf/
aru uRefawmfhudk aomfwmaqG? tEkwfvu©Pm wv 250dESifh ,lcJUonf/
þum; aemfrmESifhar jcm;em;csuf/
olwkdUcsif; jcm;em;ovdk olwkdUaqGrsKd;csif;vnf; jcm;em;vS\/
ta&;ay: Mum;jzwfrSmMum;csuf
pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm;-
uRefawmfhZeD;ESpfa,mufESifh olwkdUaqGrsKd;rsm; taMumif;a&;ae&mrS ,ck &Ir0
OD;ausmftaMumif; Mum;jzwf0if&onfrSm þ]uRefawmfhb0 ZmwfaMumif;}udk &Ir0wGif
vpOf a&;aecdkuf xdkv (azazmf0g&D? 1974)wGif OD;ausmftedpöa&mufygojzifh
olUtaMumif;udk uRefawmfa&;&ef wm0ef&SdonfESifh a&;vdkuf&ay&m ,if;aqmif;yg;onf
uRefawmfhjzpftif wpdwfwa'o yg0ifaeí¤if;? OD;ausmftaMumif;udk uRefawmfhb0
rSwfwrf;xJwGif yg0ifapvdkí¤if; xnfhoGif;vdkufjcif; jzpfygonf/
&Ir0 OD;ausmfrnfaom ZGJowådcJ
1947-ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv? 'kwd,oDwif;ywf? wckaom eHeufcif;ü vrf;avQmuf
wkwfudkifí aq;wHBuD;cJxm;aom tom;ndKndK? t&yf&Snf&Snf vlBuD;wa,mufESifh
vufqGJom;a&tdwf udkifxm;onfh tom;jzLjzL? t&yfjywfjywf vli,fwa,mufonf
&efukefNrdKU? AdkvfcsKyfaps; taemufzufwef;? tcef;eHywf 146-wGifzGifhxm;aom oHwcg;
aygufrS 0ifcJUMuNyD; twGif;rSm vlwa,mufrSrawGU&í vli,fu tay:xyf avSum;0 udk
armhfMunfhvsuf...
]]&Ir0OD;ausmf&Sdygovm; cifAsm}}[k ar;vdkufav\/
xdkolESpfOD;teuf vlBuD;u q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;? vli,fu aomfwmaqG/ olwkdU
onfrEåav;NrdKUrS &efukef? ,ckreufqdkuf&xm;ESifh a&mufvmMujcif;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfonf xdkaeUeHeufcif;u azmfjycJUaom tcef;tay:xyfrS qif;vmcJU aom
&Ir0OD;ausmfudk ,ck 1974-ck? azazmf0g&Dv 25-&uf? aeUv,f 3-em&DcefUü
BuHawmokómefu oif;csKdif;*lxJodkU 0ifoGm;cJUonftxd? pdppfavhvmMunfh&IcJU&m &Ir0
OD;ausmfonf tifrwef ZJGowådaumif;ol? tvGef0d&d,&Sdol? tvkyfwckudk rjzpfraevkyf
wwfoljzpfvsuf vlcsif;aygif;oif;qufqHrIrSmvnf; wzufom;udkulnDwwfjcif;? onf;cH
jcif;? cGifhvTwfjcif;? &efNidK;çtmCmwrxm;wwfjcif;wkdUjzifh jynfhpkHvSygay\/
atmufygpmudk Munfhprf;yg/
&Ir0wdkuf
pmwnf;tzGJUESifhykHESdyfXme
trSwf1? qif;'0pfvrf;? &efukef/
11?10?58/
aomfwmaqGodkU
cifAsm;onf apmfum;vGef;tm;BuD;onf/
cifAsm;jyKrlykHonf uRefawmf\vli,frsm;udk tkyfxdef;ír&avmufatmif jzpfaeNyD/
uRefawmfwoufeJUwudk,f b,fol\vufeJUrQ t&G,fyifrcHcJU&bl;ay/
cifAsm;wdkUrl;csifwdkif;rl;NyD; apmfum;csifwdkif; vmíapmfum;aewm qufvuf
onf;rcHEdkifyg/
cifAsm;eJU uRefawmf,cktcsdefupí vlcsif;tqufjzwfNyDjzpfaMumif;/
armifausmf
1958-ck? atmufwdkbmv? 11-&ufaeU eHeufapmapmwGif &Ir0um;armif;aom '&dkifAm
udkodef;armifonf &Ir0um;ESifh ckESpfrdkif&Gmwef;&Snf&Sd uRefawmfhtdrfodkU a&mufvm
NyD;txufygpmudk ay;ygonf/ xdktcsdefü uRefawmfhrsufESmrSm 'Pf&m'PfcsufawGESifh/
'D'Pf&m'PfcsufawGudk uRefawmfb,fvdk&cJUovJrod/ ]]armif[m nut&ufawG
tvGeftuRHrl;NyD; udkodef;armif &Ir0um;eJUvmydkUwmbJ}}[k uRefawmfhZeD;ar ajymwmbJod
\/ ]]armifb,fvdkjzpfvmwmvJ}}[k arar;onfudkvnf; uRefawmfrajzEdkif/ uRefawmfrSm
xdkpOfu 'DvdkbJt&ufodyfrl;cJUNyDqdkvQif rl;wkef;udk,fvkyfcJUwmawG rrSwfrdawmh/
xdkUaMumifh OD;ausmf ay;cdkif;aompmudk zwfNyD;-
]]udkodef;armif? uRefawmfraeUu &Ir0wdkufrsm bmjzpfcJUovJAsm}}
]]Od;ausmfeJU tmp&du pmyGJrSmxdkifNyD; pum;tcsDtcsajymaeMu&if; tmp&du
OD;ausmfacgif;udk pD;u&ufoHAl;eJU aumufxkwmbJAsm}}
onfawmhrS uRefawmfu wtHUwMojzpfvsuf.....
]][m...[kwfvm;? OD;ausmf awmfawmfem;oGm;ovm;}}
]]odyfremygbl;? ezl;rSm eJeJawmh a&mifoGm;w,f}}
]]EdkUNyD; uRefawmfhrsufESmeJU acgif;u 'Pf&mawGuaum OD;ausmfu uRefawmfhudk
jyefaqmfwmvm;}}
]]b,f [kwf&rvJ? OD;ausmfu tmp&dudk vufzsm;eJUawmif rwdkUbl;? olUaumifav; awGu
0dkif;aqmfMuwm}}
]]aqmfxdkufygayw,fAsm? uRefawmfpdwfrqdk;bl;vdkU tJ'Dvli,fawGudk ajymvdkufyg}}
]]OD;ausmfu tmp&d vJaeawmh [JUrvkyfMueJU? rvkyfMueJUvdkUwm;NyD; uRefawmfhudk
aq;wdkufvdkufydkUcdkif;w,f? tmp&dudk q&m0efu aq;xdk;çaq;xnfhNyD;rS uRefawmf'Dtdrf
jyefydkU&wm}}
]]tif;...usKyfawmhbmrS rrSwfrdbl;Asm}}
trSefbJ/ OD;ausmfukd uRefawmfbmhaMumifh pD;u&ufAl;ESifh aumufaygufrdoenf;/ ,ckwdkif
pOf;pm;ír&yg/ bmrQ &efNidK;ç&efp&Sdp&m vlcsif;vJr[kwf/ uRefawmfhwGif t&uf
N*dK[fqdk;0ifvQif jrif&mvludk xdk;ESufcsifaom? uRefawmfrodaom uRefawmf\ twGif;pdwf
,kwfomvQif jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k owåKcs&ygawmh\/
tJ...jzpfNyD; trl;ajyNyDqdkvQifawmh pdwfraumif;jcif; aemifw&jcif;awG tjynfh/
tJonfwkef;u uRefawmfhpdwfawG b,favmufxdcdkufygoenf;/ OD;ausmf\ xdkpmuav;
udk ,ckwdkif raysmufysufatmif odrf;qnf;xm;onfudkom Munfhygawmh/
&Ir0wdkufudk uRefawmfawmfawmfESifh roGm;0HUawmhay/ odkUaomf&Ir0twGuf uRefawmf
0w¬Ka&;jcif;udkum; rysuf/ xdkatmufwdkbmvxJrSm &Ir0wGif uRefawmf
aqmif&Gufp&mawGum; NyD;cJUNyD/
tJ...Edk0ifbmvqef; r*¾Zif;xGuf&ufa&mufawmh uRefawmfraeEdkifawmhyg? &Ir0 r*¾Zif;ESifh
OD;ausmfudk uRefawmfcspfaompdwfu vIHUaqmfvmojzifh tdk...jzpfcsif&mjzpfawmh [k
&Ir0twGuf a&;xm;aom ]rda&TeD}0w¬Kudk udkifum tdrfrSmxGufcJUayawmhonf/
uRefawmfhb0udk zefwD;&mwGif uRefawmfhudk tultnDay;olrsm;rSm uRefawmfh tazESifh
tarNyD;vQif &Ir0OD;ausmfom jzpfyg\/ OD;ausmfudkvJ uRefawmfajymbl;ygonf/
Munfhprf;yg/ 1954-ckESpf? arESifhuRefawmfnm;Muawmh a,mu©ra[mif;BuD;u
uRefawmfhwGif om;orD;ig;a,muf&Sd&m? wa,mufvQif ig;q,fpD? wvESpf&mhig;q,fay;
Edkifygu <uvdk&m <u? ,lvdk&mrdef;r ,lqdkaomtcgwGif xdkpOfu &Ir0rS wyk'fokH;&mom
&aeaom uRefawmfhtzdkU tcufr[kwfwkHavm/ xdkUaMumifh OD;ausmfu zefwD;ay;ygonf/
&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSm ]t[d}u@xnfhay;um wvokH;&m? 0w¬Kzdk;ESifh ajcmuf&musyf[lí
ay;avaomaMumifh 'Dazudk ,ckxd wdrfwdrfrnf&onf r[kwfygavm/
þrQ aus;Zl;cHaus;Zl;pm;&Sdaeaom OD;ausmftm; oluvlcsif; tqufjzwfNyDqdk aomfvnf;
uRefawmfurjzwfEdkifyg/ olajymvdk&m ajym? jyKvdk&m jyKapawmh[k uRefawmf &Ir0wdkufxJ
&J0HUpGmbJ 0ifoGm;ygonf/ OD;ausmfonf olxdkifaeuspmyGJrSmbJ xdkifaeyg onf/
&Ir0wdkufom;rsm;u uRefawmfvmwmjrifawmh uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf bmjzpfMu
tkH;rvJ[k pdwfapmMuonf/
odkUaomf OD;ausmfonf uRefawmfhjrifaomtcg NyKH;wkH;wkH;vkyfaeí olUpmyGJem;
a&mufawmh....
]][if;....[if;....udk&ifBuD; vmrSvmygtkH;rvm;vdkU usKyfupdk;&drfaewm....}}
'Dawmh uRefawmfu rmrmbJ/
]]cifAsm; rvmeJUqdkawmhaum rvmbJ ae&rvm;As? uRefawmfhwm0efu &Sdaewm bJ?
a[m'DrSm &Ir0twGuf 0w¬K}}[k pmrludk vSrf;ay;vdkufawmh ol0rf;omtm;&,lNyD;?
wcgwnf; zwfavawmhonf/
OD;ausmfonf uRefawmfhpmrsm;udk oltm;aevQif csufjcif;zwfvh&Sdonf/ jyifp&m
jzwfp&m&SdvQif ESpfOD;oabmwl aqG;aEG;Muonf/ ]rda&TeD}0w¬Kudk olwxdkifwnf;ESifh
zwfNyD; bmrQjyifp&m jzwfp&mr&Sd? ]]odyfaumif;wmbJ}}[k pmyGJudk vufESifhykwfí
ajymonf/
]]aomfwmaqGa&;wm raumif;wmrsm;&Sdbl;vdkUvm;}}[k uRefawmfuajymNyD; ESpfa,mufom;
yvJeHy oifhaeMuawmh &Ir0wdkufom;awGu NyKH;pdpdvkyfaeMuonf/ olwkdUu
uRefawmfESifhOD;ausmfudk vifr,m;[k ac:Muonf/ bmaMumifhqdk pmrlESifh ywfoufí
jiif;ckHMu&rSmvnf;aumif; rMumcPqlqlnHnHjzpfwwfonf/ aemufNyD;
jyefwnfhMuavonf/
OD;ausmf\ om;orD;rsm;onf olwdkUtaztay:ü uRefawmfhavmuf EGJUqdk;qdk;Mu
vdrfhrnfr[kwf/ uRefawmf aiGtokH;vdkvQif udk,fu&p&m&Sd&Sd? r&Sd&Sd twif;awmif;wwf
onf/ ray;bJ rae&atmifvkyfonf/
Oyrm-olUqDydkufqHawmif;aewm wem&Davmuf &SdaeNyDqdktHU/ OD;ausmfuvnf;
udk&ifhay;p&mr&Sdbl;qdkí bl;cHaeNyD/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu....
]]OD;ausmf....cifAsm; uRefawmfhudk ray;bl; ay;r,faemufqkH; wcGef;xJajymawmhAsm}}
olUyg; plazmif;azmif;av;ESifh....
]]ray;bl;Asm...? ray;bl; ray;bl;..../ tcGef;w&majymw,f....}}
]]uJ...'gjzifh uRefawmfu olUtcef;xJ&Sd a&'D,dkudk rçoGm;avawmh\/
]]'g[m a&'D,dkjyefay;qGJwmbJ? udkodef;armifudk vTwfNyD; aiG50d-eJU uRefawmfhtdrf
rSmvma&G;yg}}[k ajymypfcJU\/
wBudrfvnf; uRefawmfu wwGwfwGwf awmif;aeonf/ oloGm;&mvdkufonf/
tdyfrnfvkyfonfudkvnf; ajcaxmufqGJawmif;aeonf/
]]atmifr,fav;av? usKyfawmh aoawmhrSmbJ? em;ylvdkufwm...}}
]]rylcsif ay;vdkufygvm;As? tvG,fav;}}
]]ydkufqHay;bdkUu r&Sdbl;As? r&Sdbl;...}}
]]atmifr,fav;..r*dkvrf; ukvm;r&Sdbl;? &efukefjrpfxJ a&r&Sdbl;? &Ir0OD;ausmfrSm
aiGr&Sdbl;qdkwm usKyfur,kHao;bl;....}}
'DvdkOD;ausmftm; uRefawmfutwif; uyfylaeonfudk &Ir0wdkufom;rsm;a&m?
OD;ausmftdrfom;rsm;a&m tm;vkH;jrifMuMum;Muonf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf
Mum;rSm bmrQ0ifí rpGufzufMu/ NyKH;pdpdESifh MunfhaewwfMu\/ olwdkUrSm uRefawmfwdkU
tjzpfudk &dk;aeNyD/
OD;ausmfonf aeUv,faeUcif;rSm yufvufukvm;xdkifwGif tdyfpufavh&Sd&m olonf
xdkaeUü tdyfcsifvmí pdwfwkdvmNyD; jzpf&m....
]]ydkufqHr&Sdygbl;qdkaewm? uJa[mh'gbJ ,loGm;}}[k olpdwfvkyfí olUvufu jrvufpGyfudk
cRwfay;&m? 'Dazudku bmcsrf;omay;rvJ? taygifqdkifoGm;aygifypfvdkufwm aygh/
olU0goem
&Ir0OD;ausmfonf Munfvifat;jraom rsufESm&Sdonf/ pum;ajymvQif wdk;wdk; nifom
ajymwwfonf/ olUwGifr,Ofaus; rzG,f&maom aysmfyg;rIr&Sd/ olrufarmonf u
pD;u&ufaomufjcif;? &kyf&SifMunfhjcif;ESifh pmzwfjcif;/
pD;u&ufudk taumif;pm;rS wrsKd;wnf; oD;oefUvsuf wvdyfNyD;wvdyf tquf
rjywfaomuf\/
&kyf&SifudkZwfum;wdkif;vdkvdkMunfh\/
pmudk emrnfBuD;pmtkyfawGudka&m? &Ir0wdkufodkU ydkUaompma&;q&m BuD;i,fwkdU\
pmrlawGa&m tm;vkH;zwf\/
pma&;q&mi,fawG pmrlrsm; zwf&onfrSm r*¾Zif;wGifokH;&ef oifhrwifh wnf;jzwf &ef
zwfjcif;jzpfí emrnf& pma&;q&mBuD;wdkU\ vufa&;rlrsm;udkum; olwnf;jzwf&ef
bmrQrvdk/ rkcs{uef r*¾Zif;xJ xnfh&rnfjzpfvsuf? oluESpfoufckHrifvSpGm a&S;OD;pGm
zwfvdkaomaMumifh zwfjcif;omjzpf\/
olpmrlwckzwfNyD; ESpfoufvSonfqdkawmh wa,mufxJ NyKH;NyKH; NyKH;NyKH;ESifh olUrsuf
ESma&SUwGif pD;u&ufrD;cdk;awG a0aeava&mh/
OD;ausmfonf tvkyfudktifrwef BudK;pm;oljzpf\/ ,cifr*¾Zif;wrsKd;wnf;vkyfpOf tcgu
olUpdwftm&kHudk r*¾Zif;xJrSmom xm;\/
&Ir0 &kyfpkHr*¾Zif;
[dk,cifu ol&d,r*¾Zif;? jrefrmhtvif; r*¾Zif;? '*kefr*¾Zif;[líom &SdcJUay&m? OD;ausmf
pwifwDxGifvdkufaom &Ir0usawmh &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;[lí trnfoçvdkufonfESifh tnD
olUr*¾Zif;rSm twGif;ykHawGyg ESpfa&mifokH;a&mifjc,f&ayonf/ 'Dvdka&mifpkHyg&mrSm
pmtkyfudk Avwf- AvwfvSefí Munfhaomtcg ta&mifrxyfzJ wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd; ul;ajymif;
oGm;&efvJ pDpOf&onf/
ykH&dkufq&monf &kyfykHwckudk ta&miftEk t&ifh twGJtzufokH;rsKd;&dkufNyD; jy&onf/
OD;ausmfonf þokH;ykHudk tcsdeftawmfMumMunfhonf/ teD;wGif uRefawmfwdkU
&SdaevQifac:jyNyD; obmwlqkH;jzwfMuonf/
&kyfykHwckudk 'Drif'Dta&mifESifh &dkufap[k qkH;jzwfNyD;aomfvnf; OD;ausmftvkyf uawmh
rNyD;ao;acs/ pufcef;0ifNyD; rMumcPoGm;oGm; Munfh&ao;\/ taMumif;rSm rifvTwfwm
tenf;trsm;? pufq&mrSm olu wqufwnf;jrifae&í ta&mifajymif; onfudk
rodEdkifojzifh OD;ausmfu MunfhNyD;ajym&\/
xdkUaMumifh &Ir0r*¾Zif;BuD; w[kefxdk; wufaepOfu &Ir0\ tvSonf r,SOfom atmif
jzpfcJUay\/
pma&;q&mpkH r*¾Zif;
&Ir0onf &kyfpkHr*¾Zif;omr[kwfao;? pma&;q&mpkH r*¾Zif;jzpfatmifvJ OD;ausmf u
pwifcJUonf[k uRefawmfqdkcsifygonf/ taMumif;rSm «uavmifopfrsm; a&;om;ay;
ydkUEdkifMuygonf»[k ac:iifonfudk uRefawmf &Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif awGU&ygaomaMumifh
aomfwmaqG &Ir0odkU a&mufvmjcif;jzpfygawmh\/
wifhw,fonf &Ir0r*¾Zif;ESifh emrnf&vmoljzpfonf/ xdkUaemuf oef;aqG? rif;&Sif?
&Jacgif? aomfwmaqGwdkUudk &Ir0uaygufzGm;cJUonf/ xdkUaemuf '*kefwm&m?
Aef;armfwifatmif? om"k? vif;,kefeDwdkUvnf; &Ir0rSm 0ifa&mufusufpm;Muonf/
&Ir0onf uavmifa[mif;/ uavmifopf? pma&;q&mBuD;? pma&;q&mi,fwdkU
aysmfarGU&mjzpfonf/
&Ir0onf olacwfaumif;pOfu pma&;q&mawGudk pmrlctrsm;qkH;ay;cJUol jzpfonf/
xdkpOfu &Ir0wdkufonf vpOfr*¾Zif;om r[kwfao;? tjcm;pmtkyfrsm; xkwfa0rI rSmvnf;
atmifjrifcJUí OD;ausmfonf olUBudK;pm;rI? olUpdwfapwemESifh tusKd;ay;um
vGefpGmBuD;yGm;cJUayonf/ azmfjycJUaom AdkvfcsKyfaps; taemufzufwef;? trSwf 146
wdkufcef;usOf;uav;ESifh oDwmat;rnfaom ykHESdyfpuf ydpdauG;uav;rSonf? ,ck
qif;'0pfvrf;u tdrfBuD;ESifh ykHESdyfpufBuD;i,fawG? armfawmfum;awGESifh jzpfvmcJUonf/
OD;ausmf\pGrf;yum;
vlMunfhawmh at;pufpuf? aysmhnufnufuav;jzpfaom OD;ausmfonf vpOf
r*¾Zif;BuD;wckudk atmifjrifcJUí pma&;q&mopf? yef;csDq&mopfawG aygufzGm;ay;cJU&kH om
ruao;? &kyf&Sifrif;om;opf? rif;orD;opf? Zmwfaqmifopfrsm;udk zefwD;&efvnf;
&Sdao;onfudk [dk,cifu rnfolrQ rawG;xifcJU/ OD;ausmfudk,fwdkifvnf; rod/ olUpdwf
tBuHtpnfvnf;r&Sd/ onfvdkjzpfvm&ef pwifzefwD;vmolum; udkwifhw,f[k qdk&rnf
yif/
1952ckESpf? q&mwifhw,f AdvwfrS jyefa&mufcgp &Ir0OD;ausmfESifh wdkifyifMuonf u
&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSwqifh &Ir0owif;pm xkwfMu&ef/
wifhw,fonf pdwful;,OfykHpHBuD;udk qJG\/ q&maZ,s? q&maZmf*sD? q&mZ0e?
ZuGJokH;vkH;udk trSL;jyK? xdkpOfu aMu;rkHowif;pm rxkwf&ao;aom atmifA (udkaomif;)
udk owif;axmufcsKyfcefU? aomfwmaqGESifh oef;aqGu wGJbuft,f'Dwm/
atmifrav;Asm....tJonfwkef;u q&mwifhw,f&JU tBuHtpnfeJU &nf&G,fcsuf BuD;u
wu,fhtHUbG,f beef;BuD;ygAsm/ twkdcsKyfu jrefrmjynfwGif apmifa&trsm;qkH;?
MoZmwduúrt&SdqkH; owif;pmBuD;jzpfNyD;awmh [dkwkef;u z-q-y-vtpdk;&udk BudK;udkif
r,fvdkUAsKdU/ q&mwifhw,f[m t&ufuav;axGaxGeJU aq;ayghvdyfuav; vufMum;nSyf
NyDqdk&if rpm;&0cref; tifrweftajymaumif;w,f/ onftcgrSm wdkif;jynfxdyfoD;
owif;pmwdkuf ydkif&Sifavmif;BuD; OD;ausmfuvJ pD;u&ufrD;cdk;aiGUwa0a0xJrSm olUacgif;
av; wndwfndwf/ uRefawmfwkdU wGJbuft,f'Dwmavmif; ESpfa,mufuvJ t[D;..[D;/
onfhaemufawmh olwkdUowif;pmxkwfr,fhtaMumif; wjznf;jznf; &yfqdkif;oGm; NyD;awmh
wcg&kyf&Sif&dkufMur,f vkyfMujyefa&mAsKdU/
tif;...OD;ausmf&JUpmayeJU jzpfxGef;vmwJU &SdpkrJUpk aiGav;ukefbdkU...ukefbdkU/
]]'DrSm OD;ausmf? cifAsm;pmaye,frSm atmifjrifaeNyD? pmzwfolawGtwGuf vpOf rjywf
tusKd;jyKaeNyD;? odkUaomf wdkif;jynfrSm b,fvdkvlrsKd;awGtwGuf usefaeao;ovJ? cifAsm;
pOf;pm;prf;...}}
q&mwifhw,fonf pum;udkjzwfum aq;ayghvdyfudk zGm&Idufvdkufonf/ 'Dae&m rsKd;rSm
OD;ausmfuawmh bmrQrajym/ em;axmif&kH oufoufyif/ onfawmhrS q&mwifhw,fu
ol\jyL;us,faom rsufvkH;BuD;udk NzJvdkufNyD; olUpum;udkquf\/
]]pmrwwfvdkU pmrzwfEdkifwJUvlawG pmwwfaomfvJ pmzwf0goemrygwJUvlawG pmayudk
jrwfEdk;&rSef; rodwJUaq;vdyfckH pufcsKyf&kHu rdef;uav;awG qdkufum;orm;awG
acgif;&GufAsufxdk; aps;onfawG olwkdUudk uRefawmfwkdUu Oayu©mxm;vdkU rjzpfao;bl;?
olwkdUtwGuf todynmudk uRefawmfwkdUu b,fvdkay;rvJ...}}
q&mwifhw,fonf olUpum;&yfjyefum uRefawmfwkdUtm; ar;cGef;xkwfonfh oabmESifh
olUrsufvkH;NyJBuD;udk 0dkif;0dkif;vSnfhMunfhonf/ uRefawmfuvnf; &kwfw&uf
pdwful;&onfESifh...
]]avmufpyDumeJU pmzwfjyr,f...}}
onfawmh q&mwifhw,fonf uRefawmfhbuf zswfueJrsufapmif;xdk;MunfhNyD; ]]armifaqG?
wdwfwdwfaeprf;}[k ajymNyD;rS OD;ausmfbufvSnfhí ]]&kyf&SifAs...&kyf&Sif? &kyf&SifeJU
olwkdUudkusKyfwdkU ynmay;&r,f}}
,if;onf q&mwifhw,f\ pdwful;,Ofapwem jzpfygvdrfhrnf/
þodkUjzifh olwkdUonf &kyf&Sif&dkuf&ef qkH;jzwfcsuf csvdkufMuav\/ xdktcgrSm
q&mwifhw,fwGif Advwfu 0,fvmcJUaom &kyf&Sif&dkufenf; pmtkyfxlBuD;? ykHtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh
ygvmonf/ 'gBuD;udk vSefívSefí zwfNyD; &kyf&Sifb,fvdk&dkuf&rnfudk OD;ausmftm;bmom
jyefí ajymjyaeonf/ jrefrmjynfu &kyf&Siform;awG 'gawG em;rvnfaMumif;? olom
wum;&dkufjyvdkufygu [dkvlawG rsufjzLqdkuf ukefMuayawmhrnf/
odkUjzifh a&S;OD;qkH; olU0w¬K ]vmvkvkai;}udk&dkuf&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufMuonf/ Zmwfvdkuf rSm
jyZmwfe,frS wufopfp rif;om;jrifhpdk;? rif;om;\oli,fcsif; Zmwf&Htjzpf oef;aqG ESifh
aomfwmaqG/
onfawmh uRefawmfwkdUrSmvJ 0rf;om&w,fav/ ]]a[h..oef;aqG&? olwkdUowif;
pmxkwfr,fvkyfwkef;u 'dkUudk wJGbuft,f'Dwm? tck&kyf&Sif&dkufawmh rif;om;Zmwf&H?
wu,fvdkU olwdkUaemufwcg "mwfjym;ukrÜPDzGifhtkH;r,fqdk&if 'dkUtqdkawmfawG jzpfaetkH;
rvm;bJaemf? [D...[D..}}
rif;orD;udkvnf; olwdkUtopfpufpufyJ wifcsifonf/ odkUESifh OD;ausmf\wckaom
arG;aeUxreJyJGwGif tqdkawmf '*kefcifcrsm Mur®mqdk; iif&Smygawmh\/
þtcsdefrSm q&mausmfonf rnfrQNzdK;aeygoenf;/ olUarG;aeUyGJwGif nrSm tNidrfh ESifh?
reufcif;{nfhcHyGJrSm '*kefcif\ pE´,m; tqdktwD;ESifh/
xdktcgü '*kefcif\ emrnfBuD;acwfpm;aeaom ]awmuarmifBuD;awGu rda&Trdudk
cifMuo,fawmh}qdkaepOf q&mwifhw,fonf pE´,m;ckHü xdkifaeaom '*kefciftm; a&SUu
Munfh? ab;uMunfh aemufuMunfh? vSnfhywfMunfhNyD;onfhaemuf OD;ausmftm;
tomvufwdkUac:oGm;NyD; (uRefawmfuvJ uyfvdkufoGm;onf/)
]]awGUNyDOD;ausmf? awGUNyD awGUNyD aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;? '*kefcifhrsufvkH;rsufckef;u
atmf'&D[mbef rsufvkH;rsufckef;twdkif;bJ? jrefrm&kyf&Sifrif;orD;xJrSm 'Dvdkrsufckef;
rsufvkH;rsKd;r&Sdao;bl;}}
OD;ausmfuawmh bmrQjyefrajymao;/ b,fvufu olU&ifywfydkufvdkU/ nmvufu
olUEIwfcrf;rSm pD;u&ufawUvsuf uRefawmfuomvQif tNidrfraeEdkif/
]]atmf'&D[mbef rsufvkH;rsufckef;eJU wlw,fqdkwmawmh [kwfcsif[kwfygvdrfhr,f?
'gayr,fhAsm '*kefcifu wifr&Sd&ifr&SdeJU}}
'Dawmh q&mwifhw,f[m uRefawmfhbufzswfueJ vSnfhwJUNyD;...
]armifaqG? rif;em;rvnfbJeJU vlBuD;awGxJ 0ifNyD;rtmcsifprf;eJUuG? 'DacwfBuD;rSm
rdef;rawGtwGuf wifç&ifqdkwmu vdkcsifovdk vkyfvdkU&w,fa[h...}}
rSefygonf/ odkU&mwGif '*kefcifonf þtwkçtckçtzkawGudk okH;avh&Sdol r[kwf/
olU[mol yefwsmausmif;u enf;jyq&mr[lí &dk;&dk;ESifh,Of,Ofaeol/ wu,fwJAsm?
&kyf&Sif&dkuf&rSm 'gawGokH;&awmh tavhtusifhr&SdwJUtwGuf olUcrsmvrdkif;ruyfawmhbl;?
vrf;avQmuf&mrSm wifyg;u vleJUrvdkufcsifawmhovdk/ vlua&SUa&muf? oluaemufusef
cJU/ &ifom;rsm;uvnf; apmif;vdkapmif;? &GJUvdk&GJU/ b,fvdkrStayguftvrf;rwnfhawmh/
olU0w¬KZmwfvrf;u rif;orD;um;As/ '*kefcif[m oDcsif;qdk&mrSm toHaumif;ayr,fvdkU
pum;ajym&mrSm toHrmw,f/
'g[m uRefawmfu rif;orD;wa,mufxJ ajymaewmaemf/ 'g&dkufwifuvJ
csmvdkufwmvGefvkdU/ Zmwfum;wckvkH;[m b,fae&mrS &p&mr&Sdbl;?
'geJU ]vmvkvkai;}Zmwfum;BuD; &kHwifawmh &IH;vdkufwJUtrsKd;Asm/ t&if;wjym;rS
r&wJUtjyif &kHc? aMumfjimcawGta<u;wifa&m/
a&S;OD;pGm pjywJU aomMumaeU? yxr 12-em&DcGJyGJrSm pma&;q&mBuD;wifhw,f? &Ir0
&kyf&SifukrÜPD? vmvkvkai; 0w¬KuvJ vlBudKufrsm;wJUt&SdefeJU &kHjynfhcref;bJ vmyg w,f?
aemufyGJawGusawmh waeUwjcm; a&enf;ig;qdkovdk wyGJwjcm; vlenf;enf;oGm;
vdkufwmav? ckESpf&ufwywfeJUbJ &yfypfvdkuf&w,f/
vmvkvkai;[m tzsif;wumh xdyfwif tzsif;bk&ifqdkwJU emrnfowif; jyefUoGm; awmh
e,fup&efaiG BudKay;xm;wJU&kH&SifawGuvJ aemufxyfr&IH;atmif p&HtqkH;cHMuw,f
ajreDukef;u &kHydkif&Sif trsKd;orD;BuD;rsm;av? olupabmfaiG 5000d (ig;axmif)ay;xm;
awmh vmvkvkai; tprf;jywJUyGJrSmbJ Munfh&if;idkvdkufwmav/ OD;ausmfu cifAsm;aiG
jyefay;yghr,fqdkawmhrS wdwfoGm;w,f/
'gaMumifh vmvkvkai;[m NrdKUxJu a&T*kef&kHrSm Munfholr&SdbJ ckESpf&ufjyNyD;wJU aemuf
b,f&kHrS roGm;awmhbl;/ ,ck&Ir0zvifaowåmawGxJrSm &Sdaeav&JU/ cifAsm;wkdU
Munfhcsifw,fawmh rvkyfMueJU/ rif;orD; '*kefcifu olUudkoem;&ifjzifh 'Dum;rjyygeJUvdkU
awmif;yefxm;w,fcifAs/ rif;orD;um;As/
onfZmwfum;udk pwif&dkufrnfpDpOfwkef;u q&mwifhw,f pDrHudef;csonfrSm
tcsdefav;vESifh ajcmufvMum;aiGav;aomif;ESifh ajcmufaomif;/ odkUaomf um;NyD;awmh
av;ESpfMum\/ aiGokH;odef;ausmf ukef\/ rlvu ESpfodef;avmufaiG,m;uav;&Sdaeaom
q&mausmfrSm aiGwodef;rQ a<u;wifawmh\/
xdktcg q&mausmfraeEdkifawmhNyD/ aiGarsmaiGESifhvdkuf&mwGif &kyf&SifESifharsmojzifh
&kyf&SifESifhvdkufrSbJ[k qkH;jzwfcsufcsum? olU ]vmvkvkai;}aemufrS &dkufí t&ifjyNyD;
Zmwfum;a&m? 'g&dkufwma&m? rif;orD;a&m tu,f'rD&oGm;aom ]uBuD;a&u}Zmwfum;
q&m om"kudk csOf;uyfygav\/
xdkpOfu OD;ausmf\ ]a&T&ifodrf;opf}udk 'g&dkufwm om"k? rif;orD;jrwfrGef? rif;om;
armif,OfaxG;ESifh&dkuf&efpDpOfMu\/
aemufawmhom"ku 0w¬KZmwfvrf; rBudKufzl;? armif,OfaxG;udk oabmrusbl;[k
*sD;rsm;vm\/
OD;ausmfonf olU]a&T&ifodr;fopf}0w¬Kudk uRefawmfwkdUtm; zwfapí r*¾Zif;0w¬K
&SnftjzpfESifh yxraMumfjimoabm &Ir0rSm xnfh&aumif;rvm;[k wdkifyif\/
uRefwmfu olU0w¬KudkzwfMunfhNyD; ]]cifAsm;[m &kyf&SiftjzpfeJU pGH rpGHawmh uRefawmfu
&kyf&Sifem;rvnfvdkU rajymwwfawmhbl;? r*¾Zif;rSm xnfhbdkUawmh cifAsm; vlysKdaygufu
pdwful;wmBuD; tESpf 20-avmuf aemufusaeNyD? acwfrrSDawmhbl;}}[k y,fcsvdkuf\/
oef;aqGuvnf; uRefawmfhbufu axmufcH\/ xdkUaMumifh olUa&T&ifodrf;
opf0w¬K&Ir0rSm rygcJU/
onfae&mü tvsOf;oifhí OD;ausmfpdwfxm;wckudk ajym&OD;rnf/ olonf i,fpOf uyif
pma&;q&mjzpfatmif BudK;pm;cJU\/ ESpfyJwefacwfwGif rEåav;rS ESpftkyfvm;
xkwfcJUbl;onf/ &Ir0r*¾Zif;xkwfawmhvnf; olpma&;q&mjzpfcsifwkef;/ xdkUaMumifh
ol]aZmf[def;}[laom emrnfESifh uavmifprf;\/ odkU&mwGif (ighr*¾Zif; igt,f'DwmcsKyfyJ?
iga&;csifwm a&;rSmaygh)[laom pdwfxm;rsKd; olUwGifr&Sd/ ola&;NyD; wifhw,f? oef;aqG?
uRefawmfwkdUtm; jyavh&Sd\/ uRefawmfwkdUu ]]cifAsm;[m redyfygbl;Asm}}qdkvQif olrxnfh
awmh/ ,ckolaemufydkif;ü a&;cJUaom ]]zdk;&Ir0}}udkyif olUaumfyDudk uRefawmfhtm; yxr
zwfap\/ tydktvdkjzwfyg-jyifyg [ktyf\/
]]cifAsm;..zdk;&Ir0rSm [moygaew,f? cifAsm; od&JUvm;}}[k uRefawmfuajymawmh
]][kwfygw,f 'gaMumifhcifAsm;udk wnf;jzwfcdkif;wmaygh}}[k jyefajym\/
OD;ausmf\ r[mpGefUpm;cef;BuD;
armif,OfaxG;ESifh ywfoufí om"kESifhuRefawmf pum;ajymcJUbl;\/
]]OD;ausmfES,fuGm? ighoabmawmh armif,OfaxG;tpm; olUom; armifaqGudk
rif;om;vkyfcdkif;csifao;w,f...}}[k oluajymí uRefawmfu ]]armifaqGUxuf armif,Of
axG;u t&yftarmif;aumif;w,f? &kyfvJacsmygw,f....}}
]][...rif;om;u &kyfacsmwmxuf trlt&maumif;bdkU vdkwmuG? armif,OfaxG; rsufESm
igMunfh&wmjzifh rxkefawaw; at;pufpufeJU...
onftaMumif; uRefawmfu OD;ausmfudkajymjyawmh...
]][kwfw,f armif,OfaxG; at;pufpufrsufESmeJU &dk;om;wJUtrlt&mbJ uRefawmfh
Zmwfvrf;eJU tHudkufaewmAs}}
odkUaomf om"kuawmh armif,OfaxG;udk b,fvdkrQb0ifrus/ OD;ausmftm; ]]cifAsm;
rif;om;cifAsm;bJ &atmifoif? usKyfawmhroifcsifbl;? EdkUNyD;...jrwfrGefudkvJ
cifAsm;aumifeJU ZmwfwdkufzdkU tcsdefukefcHNyD; ay;rxm;Edkifbl;.....}} qdkavojzifh OD;ausmf
crsmrSm prf;prf;at;udk jrwfrGefudk,fpm; armif,OfaxG;ESifhZmwfwkduf&ef ac:&av\/
om"kvufxJ a&mufaomtcgü armif,OfaxG;udk pdwfBudKufjzpf&ef OD;ausmfonf
BudK;pm;yrf;pm; oif&Sm\/ tcgrvyf pdwful;&wdkif; oifMum;Edkif&ef prf;prf;at;tm; &Ir0
wdkufrSm aeapawmh\/
xdkrSwzef Zmwfum;awG wum;NyD;wum; atmifyGJqifaeaom om"kxHrS aemufqkH;&mZoH
vmjyef\/ armif,OfaxG;ESifhwGJ&ef olUrif;orD;udkvnf; ray;Edkif? OD;ausmf0w¬Kudk
rBudKufíolvnf; &dkufray;Edkif? Zmwfvrf;ESifh rif;om;raumif;onfh twGuf
'g&dkufwmESifh rif;orD;emrnfysufrcHEdkif/
onfawmhrS OD;ausmfonf vGefpGmcHjyif;vsuf? ol\rD;cJjymzkH; owåday:vmwJUNyD;...
a[h-ig'g&dkufwm? rif;om;armif,OfaxG;? rif;orD;opf prf;prf;at;? igha&T&if
odrf;opfum;udk igudk,fwdkif&dkufawmhrnf [kqkH;jzwfcsuf csvdkufavownf;/
,if;onf OD;ausmf\qkH;jzwfcsuf csvdkufavownf;/
taot&SifyGJBuD;ayubJ/
þyGJrSm OD;ausmfuGJcJUaomf udpöNyD;jywfNyD; ,ckvdk&Ir0&kyf&Sif rqdkxm;ESifh &Ir0r*¾Zif; yif
b,faomifb,furf; qdkufavrnfrod/
,ckum; OD;ausmf atmifcJUNyD/ ol\vkHUvZGJowådjzifh rnfolrQrajrSmfvifhcJUaom
atmifyGJBuD;udk OD;ausmf&,lcJUavNyD/
OD;ausmfonf olUb0wmwGif atmifyGJrsm;jzifhom tqkH;owfoGm;yg\/ &Ir0r*¾Zif; ESifh
&Ir0&kyf&Sif t"GefU&Snfygap/
arwdkUaqGrsKd;
arwkdUaqGrsKd;rsm;ESifh uRefawmfyxrOD;qkH;tBudrf awGUqkH&onfu arESifhuRefawmf nm;NyD;
ig;vrQtMum 1955-ckESpf {NyDvwGif uRefawmfwkdUtm; ([ef;eD;rl; xGufygvm;...
[laom) wifhw,f\ac:aqmifrIjzifh armif;ruefodkU oGm;MupOfu jzpfyg\/
uRefawmfwkdU pD;cJUaom rwef;oabFmonf xm;0,fra&mufrD armfvNrdKifrSm
wntdyf&onf/ arhtara':apmrGef\a,mufsm; OD;armfwifonf taumufXmerS
t&m&Sdjzpfay&m xdkpOfu taumufawmf0efaxmuftjzpfESifh armfvNrdKifNrdKUrSm wm0efus
ae\/
rwef;oabFmarmfvNrdKif qdyfurf;qdkufonfü taumufXmeu t&m&Sdrsm;
oabFmay:wufvmMuaomtcg aru olUcJtdkudk rsufpd&Smí rawGUonfwGif t&m&Sd i,f
wa,muftm; ]]OD;armfwif oabFmudk rvmbl;vm;&Sif....}}[k ar;ít&m&Sdi,fu...
]]q&m 'DaeUrvmbl; ajymygw,f? bmudpö&SdvdkUygvJ}}
]]txl;udpör&Sdygbl;? usru OD;armfwifhZeD; a':apmrGefnDryg/ 'DoabFmeJUusrwdkU
armif;ruefudk oGm;w,fvdkU EIwfqufvdkufyg&Sif....}}
xdktcg t&m&Sdi,fwOD;u ysmysmovJjzpfum...
]][m....'Dvdkqdk uRefawmftckbJ q&mhudk oGm;ajymvdkufyghr,f? olwkdUtdrfteD;av; yg}}
aru ]]udpör&Sdygbl;? tm;emp&mBuD;? aeygap&Sif...}}[kqdkaomfvnf; r&/
rMumrDü aruurf;ay:odkU vSrf;Munfhí....
]]a[m udkudkwifeJU rrrGefwkdUvmMuNyD? rndKrjzLvJbJ}}
arjy&m uRefawmfvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ touf 30ESifh 40Mum; vifr,m;ESpf a,muf/
6ESpf 7ESpft&G,f orD;av;ESpfa,muf/
,cif r,m;a[mif;\ aqGrsKd;rsm;ESifh qufqHcJUNyD;jzpfaom uRefawmfonf ,ck r,m;\
aqGrsKd;rsm;u b,fykHvmMurnfenf;/ ar;cGef;ay:vmonf/
olwkdUonf urf;pyfa&mufí arhudkjrifMu&aomtcg vGefpGm0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om &SdMuonf/
vufawGjyum oabFmay:odkU uav;rESpfa,mufu tajy;wufvmMuNyD/
arhudkzufvJwuif; jyKMuonf/ olwkdUonfarhtm; ]rNAJ}[k ac:Muonf/ uav;rsm;u
]av;av;*sJ}[k ac:Muonf/
OD;armfwifonf t&yf 6ayausmfjrifhonf/ uRefawmfhtm;awGUvQif awGUcsif;vuf
udkqefUwef;ay;um...
]]udkaqGUpmawG uRefawmftifrwefBudKufwm? rNAJudk 0w¬KawGxnfha&;aeuwJu
xifom;bJ? [J[J...ckawmh uRefawmfwkdU r,m;nDtudkjzpfaeNyD...}}
uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;wGif wjcm;olu uRefawmfhudk ]udkaqG}[kac:ap&m uRefawmfh tm;
vlcsif;awGUvQif ]udkaqG}[kac:onfrSm uRefawmfhpmESifh rnfrQ&if;eSD;aMumif; xif&Sm;
vSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfuvnf; olUvufudkpdwfygvufyg zspfnSpfum...
]]0rf;omygw,f udkudkwif....}}
aruac:onfhtwdkif; olUtrukdvnf;...
]]rrrGefwkdU armfvNrdKifrSm&Sdw,fvdkU aruajymxm;ygw,f...}}
pifppf r&D;&,fvdkU 0guBuD;aeojzifh ]rrrGef}[k ac:&aomfvnf; toufcsif;rSm
uRefawmfu 6ESpf BuD;aeyg\/ odkUaomf &kyf&nfykHoP²mefcsif;url olu00cefUcefU
rif;uawmfBuD;[mrdkU uRefawmfhvdk ao;ao;oG,foG,f vlti,fpm;u ]rr}[k ac:xdkuf
aomtoGif &Sdaeyg\/
uRefawmfwdkU aqGrsKd;opfrsm; tuRrf;w0if jzpfMuNyD;aemuf wifhw,fESifhvnf;
rdwfqufay;vdkufyg\/ ,if;rSm rMumrDtwGif;wGif txufwef;c&D;onfrsm;rS oGm;a&muf
cGifh&Sdaom t&ufcef;xJodkU uRefawmfwkdUa&muf&SdMuum oabFmuufywdefu 0DpuDESifh
uRefawmfwkdUudk {nfhcHavaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdU aqGrsKd;opf awGUqkHyGJonf tifrwef
r*Fvmtcrf;tem;ESifh jynfhpkHonf[k qdk&rnfjzpfacs\/ taMumif;rSm oabFmt&m&SdwdkU
onf taumufawmf t&m&SdwkdUtm; cifrif&if;ESD;atmif jyKvkyfwwfMuukef\/
b,fvdkbJ jzpfjzpfav? usKyfwkdUtzdkUawmh aumif;wmayghAs..../
xdkn vlcsif;cGJMuaomtcgü aru rrrGef\ uav;rsm;tm; rkHUzdk;wa,muf
wq,fpDay;vdkufí udkudkwifu uRefawmfhtm; 0Idufavb,fvf 0DpuDwykvif;ay;cJUyg
\/ edyfvdkufyavAsm.../
MuufrsKd;? bJrsKd;
uRefawmfonf MuufawG? bJawG arG;jrLavh&SdolrdkU þwd&pämefESpfrsKd;udk avhvm rdyg\/
olwkdUESpfrsKd;\ pdwfaepdwfxm;rSm qefUusifbuf jcm;em;\/
MuuftrsKd;onf waumifESifhwaumif tMuifemw&m;r&Sdacs/ BuD;Edkifi,fnSOf; tcsif;csif;
tifrwef &ufpufMu\/ Edkifaumifonf aMumufaumifudk teD;uyfrcH/ wcg w&H
jrifonfESifh vdkufvHxdk;qdwf\/ rdwfvdkufaeaom MuufzESifh Muufr? om;rcGJao; aom
Muufom;trdwkdUomvQif oifhwifhpGmtwlwuG aewwfç pm;wwfMu\/ tjcm;rJUü um;
waumifESifhwaumif oifhjrwfonfr&Sdacs/ oifonf pdwfrcsrf;rom rjzpfvdkvQif
ae0if&Dwa&mwGif Muufpifay:odkU MuufawG tdyfwef;wufaeMuonfudk rMunfhygESifh/
olwkdUatmfjrnfMuonfudkvJ rMum;csif jyKaeyg/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf Edkifaumifu
aMumufaumifudk tqifhqifhtoD;oD;vdkufvHxdk;qdwfaeMuav&m narSmifí olwkdUrsufpd
awG rjrifMuawmhrS Nidrf;at;oGm;awmh\/
bJrsm;um; þodkUr[kwf/ waumifESifhwaumif xdk;qdwfjcif;vJ rjyKwwf/ Edkifaumifç
aMumufaumif [lívnf;r&Sd/ tcsif;csif; oifhwifhpGm tkyfpkzGJUíaewwf\/
bJESpfaumifrSonf &mcsDaomtkyftxd? tdyftwlç pm;twl oGm;twl/ bJwtkyfrSm
acgif;aqmifwaumifawmh &Sdwwf\/ ¤if;acgif;aqmifoGm;&mudk aemufu wpkw&kH;wnf;
wef;vkduf\/ ¤if;acgif;aqmif&yfem;vQif tm;vkH;bJ &yfem;NyD; tdyfpufolutdyfpuf?
tarG;tavS; oefUpifolu oefUpifESifh EIwfuvnf;atmfjrnfjcif; rjyKMubJ wdwfqdwfpGm
aewwfukef\/ bJacgif;aqmifu rjyKMubJ wdwfqdwfpGm aewwfukef\/ bJacgif;aqmif
u pwiftoHay;NyD; oGm;jyefNyDqdkvQifjzifh tm;vkH;bJ yg;pyfuatmfjrnfum vdkufMujyef
ukef\/
bJtrsKd;onf pnf;&kH;jcif;? nDnmjcif;? tcsif;csif; cspfcifMuifemjcif;w&m; &SdMuukef \/
MuuftrsKd;um; þodkUr[kwf? azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; bJESifhqefUusifbuf/
,if;odkU Munfh&IokH;oyfaomtcgwGif vlawGrSm MuuftrsKd;ESifhwlaom vlwef;pm;?
bJtrsKd;ESifhwlaom vlwef;pm;[lí ESpf&yfawGUvm&\/ qif;&Jcsrf;om? *kPfBuD;*kPfi,f
ESifhrqdkif/
30-3-74 aeU? eHeufcif;u txufygpmudk uRefawmfa&;NyD; a&SUquf&ef pOf;pm; aepOf
aeUv,fcif;ü pmydkUvkvifa&mufvmí aomfwmaqG pmayoifwef;odkU vmaom pmawG
q,fhESpfapmifxJrS vufESdyfpufpmvkH;ESifh a':cifar&DemrnfESifh pmwapmif ygvm av&m
uRefawmfu....
]]a[h...ara&...a[m'DrSm ararQmfaewJU pmcifAs...}}
aronf a&csKd;ae&mrS csufjcif;yif yckH;ay: wbufwifí a&mufvmNyD;pmudk
azmufzwfonf/ uRefawmfyg Mum;pdrfhiSm toHxGufízwfonf/ olUpmqkH;aomtcg
uRefawmfu...
]]atmifr,f...'Dpmu tckiga&;aewJU taMumif;t&meJU tusKH;0ifaeouG? ay;prf;...}}
xdkpmrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf\/
26-3-74
awmifBuD;
cspfaomnDr
pma&;vdkufygonf/ awmifBuD;tdrfrSm &Sdaomoltm;vkH; aeaumif;Muygonf/ nDr
wdkUtm;vkH;vnf; aeaumif;Murnf[k ,kHMunfygonf/
waeUu udkwl;qDupm&í eDi,fwdkUrdom;pk awmifBuD;udkvmbdkU pDpOfaeMu aMumif;
od&í0rf;omygonf/ uav;rsm;udkvnf; tvGefbJ awGUcsifygonf/ 'gayr,fh tck
awmifBuD;udkwufvm&if t&ifuvdk oufoufomomawmh r&Sdawmhyg/ rD;&xm;u
a&Tanmifblwmudk noefaumif 12-em&D? odkUr[kwf wem&DrS qdkufonf/ wcgw&H
tapmqkH; n10-em&DrSm qdkufygonf/ 'Du c&D;onfBudKum;awGuvnf; "mwfqDtcuf
tcJaMumifh nydkif;udk odyfrqGJawmhyg/ a&TanmifrS awmifBuD;udkntcsdef odyfrqGJawmhyg/
a&TanmifrS awmifBuD;udk ntcsdef wuúpD pif;vkH;iSm;&if 100-usyfqdkw,f/ qpfí&&if
tenf;qkH; 90-usyfbJ? wa,mufcsif;pD;&if vlBuD; 15-usyf? uav; 7-usyfcGJ/ tJ'gvJ
um;u tvGefenf;aeí tvkt,uf ajy;wuf&onf/ wcsKdUuawmhvnf; ntcsdefBuD;
qufroGm;awmhbJ a&TanmifblwmrSm tdyfMu&onf/ eHeufrS awmifBuD;udk wuf&onf/
ntdyfc&D;onf &Sdaejyefawmh cg;ydkufEIdufeJU tvpform;rsm;uvJ &SdvmMujyefa&m/
tJ'gaMumifhrdkU uav;rsm;ygvm&if tcuftcJawGUrnfpdk;í tdyf&macgif;tkH;eJU apmifrsm;yg
,lcJUygvdkU/ narSmifeJUrJrJ ]Edk&m}eJU uav;rsm; tm;i,f0rf;enf;aerSm tvGef
oem;ygonf/ rrwifvJ t&if&kH;r[kwf? ,ck &kH;ajymif;oGm;&vdkU &kH;um;rokH;Edkifawmhyg/
[dkwkef;uvdk vmrBudKEdkifyg/
awmifBuD;rSm tcsdefr[kwf rdk;uvJ tvGef&Gmaeygonf/ waeUu avBuD;rdk;BuD;
usvmwmaMumufp&mbJ? 'dkUtdrfeHab;u w&kwfbkHausmif;u acgifrdk;awGtm;vkH; vGifhyg
ukefa&m/
eDBuD;aum....tck West zufudk wcgjyefoGm;&onf[k udkwl;pmxJrSm ygonf/
tvkyftudkifaum tqifajy&JUvm;..../ tvGef&cJaom tvkyfudk&oGm;vdkU tvGef0rf;om
ygw,f/ i,fi,f&G,f&G,f &SmEdkifazGEdkifwkef;rSm pkrdaqmif;rdatmifajymyg/ olUom;av;
ESpfa,mufudk "mwfykH&dkufNyD; ydkUay;yg/ tvGefbJ MunfhcsifawGUcsifygonf/ ]rBuD;}aum
tvkyf vkyfaewkef;bJ r[kwfvm;/
udkarmfwif ppfawGajymif;&rnfudkvJ Mum;&ygonf/ a':apmrGefawmh txkyftydk; jyifNyD;
aEG&moD&uftm; c&D;xGufawmhrSmayghav/ 'DrSmawmh 'dkUausmif;q&m? q&mrawG
b,frSroGm;&/ {NyDv yxroDwif;ywfrSm tajccHynma&; ppfwrf;aumuf,lbdkU
oifwef;wufNyD; 'DwaEGvkH; arvausmif;jyefzGifhwJUtxd vkyftm;ay;&r,fvdkU txufu
trdefUa&mufaew,f/
udkwl;pmxJrSm olwkdUrdom;pk bwf*suftcuftcJ tvGefBuD;rm;aeaMumif; a&;vm vdkU
tvGefpdwfraumif;yg/ tdrfaemufu ajruGufudk jrefjrefaps;aumif;aumif;eJU a&mif;&
ygapvdkUbJ qkawmif;ygonf/
awmifBuD;rSmvnf; rBuKHbl;atmif tppt&m&m &Sm;yg;ygonf/ i&kwfoD;ajcmuf jym;
50-zdk;0,f&if ra&mif;bJ/ 75-jym;zdk;rS q,fhav;ig;awmifhavmuf&onf/ EdkUqDu wAl;
6-usyf 50-jym;? qyfjymwawmifh 9-usyf? oMum; 18-usyf? BuHoum 6-usyf/
nDrwkdUa&m tvkyftudkif b,fvdkaeMuovJ/ cktcg rpkrdcsifaeygap/ a<u;rwif &if
bk&ifbJqdk&r,f/
nDrwkdUtm;vkH; usef;rm&Tifvef;Muygap.../
udkaqGUudk owd&aMumif; ajymvdkufyg/ eDi,fwdkUvmjzpf&if BudKwifpma&;ygvdkU aemf/
owd0d&d,eJU vmygvkdU/ uav;rsm;ygvdkU ydkNyD;pdwf&Snf&Snf ac:cJUygvdkU ajymay;yg/
cspfaomtr
cifxm;&D
P.S
eDi,f S.I.P. Training wuf&rnfqdkí 0rf;omygonf/ tu,fí awmifBuD;vm
ae&if olU Training wuf&ufESifh BuKHBudKufaernfqdkvqif aemiftqifajyrS vmygvdkU
rrwifu ajymygonf/ tvkyf tvGefUtvGef&Sm;yg;í &wkef;&cdkuf BudK;pm;ygvdkUvJ
rSmygonf/
arwdkUarmifESrrsm;rSm a':wifwif? a':apmrGef? OD;cifarmifat;(udkwl;)? cifxm;&D? cifar&D/
a':wifwifu awmifBuD;wGif &kH;0efaxmuf? cifxm;&Du ausmif;q&mr? a':apmrGefu
&efukeftvkHwGif ausmif;q&mr? OD;cifarmifat;u &efukefwuúodkvfwGif
ygarmu©(opfawm)? cifar&Du pma&;q&muawmf ar/
txufazmfjyygpmrSm cifxm;&Du arhqDa&;aompmjzpfygonf/ þpmudk
axmufcsifhjcif;tm;jzifh olwkdUnDtr armifESrawG\pdwfxm;udk odomEdkifygonf/
xdkpmxJwGifygonfh eDBuD;? eDi,f qdkonfarhom; cifarmifOD;(teD)ESifh cifarmifpdk;
(ti,f)wkdUtm; olwkdUawmifBuD;rSmac:aom emrnfrsm; jzpfygonf/
eDBuD; West zufoGm;onfqdkjcif;rSm cifarmifOD;onf ,ckoabFmom;tvkyfESifh *smreD
jynfodkU oGm;ygonf/ eDi,f S.I.P Training wuf&rnfqdkonfu cifarmifpdk;onf
&Jtkyftwwfoif ausmif; avQmufxm;íjzpfygonf/ ]rBuD;}qdkonfu cifarmifOD;\ ZeD;/
olwkdUaqGrsKd; pkonf wOD;udkwOD; þrQyif *&kpdkufMuonf/
tBuD;qkH; a':wifwifqdkvQif olUarmifESifhnDrawGomru arG;orQ wl-wlrawG \
arG;aeUrsm;udk rSwfom;xm;vsuf uav;arG;aeUwdkif;udk pma&;onf/ vufaqmifydkU onf/
olwkdUonf c&pf,efrsm;jzpfMuav&m ESpfpOf c&pörwfu'frsm; wOD;ESifhwOD; ydkUMu onfrSm
tvkyfBuD;wck/
a':wifwifwkdU awmifBuD;rS &efukefvmNyDqdkvQifjzifh &efukefu armifESrawG twGuf
&Srf;jynfxGufypönf;awG wykHwyifBuD;ygvm\/ uav;awGtwGufqdkvQif t0wfpESifh
tusÐuav;awG vlaphwufaph/ uRefawmfhtwGufvJ ygwmcifAs/ bmvJ odvm;/
&Srf;jynfxGuft&uf? a&Tvdar®mf? qwfcsKdEk ponfjzifh.../
cifarmifpdk;? olUZeD; Edk&m (Nora)ESifh uRefawmfhajr; ]<uuf}]0uf}wdkUonf (31-3-74)aeU
nae&xm;jzifh awmifBuD;odkUoGm;MuNyD/ uRefawmfwdkUuvnf; awmifBuD;rSm
&Sm;onfqdkaom qyfjymESifh i&kwfoD;rsm;udk trIefUBudwfay;vdkuf&\/ cifxm;&DBudKufaom
r&rf;csKdoD;rsm;vnf; 0,fay;vdkuf&\/ cifxm;&Dom; eDpef;twGuf csKdcsOfxkyfrsm;vnf;
ygoGm;\/ tjcm; uRefawmfrodvdkufwmawG &Sdao;/ olwdkUaqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;onf wOD;
udkwOD; tifrwef cspfcifMuifemMu\/
awmifBuD;&Sd nDtrwdkUonf &efukefae armifnDrESifh wl-wlrwkdUtm; aEG&moDwGif
awmifBuD;odkU vma&mufaexdkifMuapvdk\/ uRefawmfonf arESifhnm;NyD; rsm;pGmaomaEG
&moDwdkUwGif awmifBuD;at;&dyfomudk oGm;a&mufcdkvIHcJUbl;yg\/ wcgw&H tdrfvkH;uRwf
vmcJUMuí awmifBuD;rSm aqGrsKd;om;csif;awGqkHMuvQif vGefpGm yDwdaomreójzpf&\/
olwkdUNcH0if;us,fBuD;xJrSm rrwifESifh cifxm;&DwkdUu tdrfwvkH; oD;oefUaqmufaeMuí
arwkdU rdbvufxufu tdrfBuD;rSm wnf;ckdMu&\/
rSwfrSwf&& wESpfrsm; &efukefuokH;tdrfaxmif qkHrdMu&m? 3-ESpfrS 12-ESpfxd uav;csnf;
w'gZifausmf\/ uRefawmfhom; ausmfausmf? aomfaomfwkdUu ygvdkufao; \/
pm;aomufcsdefrSm olwkdUtm; oHacsmif;acgufí ac:&\/ xrif;ESpfBudrftjyif reuf
apmapm? aeUv,fpm? waeUvQif av;BudrfauR;&\/ þuav;awG auR;arG;rItwGuf
cifxm;&Du pDrH&\/
,if;odkU uav;a&mvlBuD;yg ESpfq,fausmfavmufudk wvavmuf auR;arG;&NyD; aemuf
wtkyfpDç wtkyfpD jyefoGm;Muaomtcg a':wifwifESifh a':cifxm;&DwkdUu rsuf&nf
pdkUMuao;\/ a':wifwifh a,mufsm; OD;xGef;eDu uav;awGudk w&Iyf&Iyferf;í
EIwfquf\/
xdktcsdefu bdkifpu,f okH;bD;pD;? a*GvSdrfh? a*:vDypf? Z,fawmuf? zefckefcJUMuaom
uav;wkdUonf þpma&;aecsdefü vlysKd tysKdjzpfMuí tcsKdUtdrfaxmifyif usukefMuav
NyD/
rkHw0*l
1956-ckESpf? OD;ausmf? armifaqGwifh? txGef;? udkazodef;ESifh uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m;
awmifBuD;wGif wtdrfwnf; twlwuGaecJUMuaom taMumif;udk a&;om;azmf jypOfu
(&Srf;jynf awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU oGm;a&muf vnfywfMuvQif awmifay:wufjcif;ESifh rkHw0*l
oGm;a&mufjcif; rjyKcJUygu um,'ku©ESifh pdwåokcjynfhpkHMu&rnf r[kwfay/)[k
uRefawmfqdkcJUonf/ odkUaomf xdkpOfu uRefawmfwdkUonf awmifay:wufjcif;ESifh
tif;av;odkU oGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;om jyKcJUonf/ rkHw0*lodkU roGm;jzpfcJUMuacs/
azmfjycJUaom 1958-ckESpf? &efukefu aqGrsKd;okH;tdrfaxmif qdkMuaomtcgrS
uRefawmfvnf; rkHw0*lodkU a&mufjzpfygawmhonf/
,ckwcg aemufwzef oGm;csifpdwfum; r&Sdawmhyg/ wcsDxJESifheHjywfyga&m/
þrkHw0*l ra&mufzl;cifu uRefawmfonf yif;w,*ludk a&mufcJUbl;NyD;jzpfí rkHw0*lvJ
yif;w,*lvdkbJ oGm;&vm&txJ0if& aumif;rSmbJ[k atmufarhcJU\/ odkUaomf
....ygpifatmif vJGygacs\/
Munfhyg/ uRefawmfwkdU yif;w,oGm;pOfu awmifBuD;uaeNyD; [J[dk;? atmifyef; NrdKUawG
jzwfNyD; armfawmfum;ESifh oGm;Muonf/ yif;w,*l0 a&mufawmhrS txJ0ifMu&kHbJ
r[kwfvm;/
rkHw0*luawmh [kwfaygifAsm/ tdrfuxGufuwnf;u ajcvsif? awmifBuD;NrdKU
awmifbufpl;pl;? 0g;jzm;&Gm jzwfNyD;oGm;&oAs/ enf;wJUc&D;vJ r[kwf/ okH;av;rdkifavmuf
&Sdrnfxifygonf/ [dkrSm xrif;pm;MubdkU tdrfucsufjyKwfNyD; o,faqmifvmMu&ao;
onf/ vlwpk wtkyfBuD;[m c&D;&Snfawmhvrf;rSm wuGJpD wwGJpD jzpfMua&m/ opfyif
0g;yifawGu enf;enf;usJusJ[mrdkU vlwzGJUeJUwzJGUudkawmh vSrf;jrifMu&ygonf/
acgif;aqmif vrf;jyvkyfolu rrwifwkdU&kH;rS rif;apvkvif udktkef;az/ odkUaomf
udktkef;azonf vkvifqdkayrifh vkHrysKduJUodkU ajym[efqdk[efESifh udk,fvuf vkyfvD-
vkyfvJU &Sdbdonf/ olonf þrkHw0*ludk oGm;aeus/ onfvdk ra&mufzl;ao;wJUvlawG
ac:oGm;bdkU 0goemygowJU/ [kwfygw,f/ 'Dc&D;rSm olodyfaysmfaeygw,f/ a&SUa&muf
oGm;vdkuf? aemufuvlawG apmifhac:vdkuf? [dktaMumif;ç onftaMumif;awGajymvdkuf
ESifh/ a,mufsm;awG em;awmhodyfNyD; rcsOf;uyf/ trsKd;orD;awGeJUom olUtzGJUeJUusonf/
trsKd;om;rsm;udk ol&GHUwGefUwGefU&Sdonf/
þc&D;rSm vrf;wGifZD;yifawG t*Fvdyfvdk Ras berry ac:wJU ig;OoD;awG&Sdojzifh
¤if;wkdUudk cl;pm;Muum uav;awGrSm tvGefaysmfMuonf/ oGm;&onfrSmvnf; ajyajy
qif;qif; eHeufcif;aeuvnf; rjyif;ao;onfrdkU ajy;íyif aumif;aeygonf/
odkUESifhtdrfu 8em&Davmuf xGufcJUMu&m wem&Dausmfausmfavmuf Mumawmh
9em&DcGJavmufrSm rkHw0*lodkUa&mufMuygonf/ *lonf awmifurf;yg;&Hudk azmufxm;yg
onf/ ¤if;*lteD;rSm prf;a&tdkifBuD;&Sdygonf/ uRefawmfwkdUonf þa&tdkifeHab;rSm acwå
pcef;csMuygonf/ tdrfrSo,faqmifvmcJUaom pm;aomufp&mrsm;udk vlapmifhESifh'DrSm
xm;cJUNyD;? *lxJ0ifNyD; jyefxGufrS eHeufpmudk pm;Muygonf/ uRefawmfwdkUvdkbJ tjcm;
vmMuolrsm;vJ &Sdygonf/
tyef;ajzMuí ajyavmufawmh ]]uJ...*lxJ0ifMupdkU}}qdkaomtcg ]]tay:tusÐ
taEG;xnfawGudk cRwfcJUMu}}[laom udktkef;aztrdefU xGufvmygonf/ tb,faMumifh
enf;/ uRefawmfem;rvnfyg/ 'Dtjyifbuf aea&mifatmufrSmawmif prf;tdkifab;ü
at;pdrfhpdrfh&Sdaeao;wm? *lxJrSm rnfodkU&Sdrnfenf;/ yif;wy,*lxJ 0ifMuwkef;u
uRefawmfwdkU tay:tusÐawG cRwfrypfcJUMu&yg/
wzef za,mif;wdkifawG a0ay;Mujyefavawmh? uRefawmhfpdwfxJ tvdkbk&m;a&?
rvG,fwJUudpöygvm;[JU/ bZmaMumifhygenf;/
aMomf...'Dvdkudk;? yif;w,*lrSmu Armhacwf OD;tkef;cif? a':'*kefcifcifav;wdkU
aumif;rIaMumifh vQyfppfrD;awG&Sdaeí 'DrkHw0*lrSmawmh? *l0u q,fayavmufrSm arSmif
twd/
udktkef;azu vufESdyf"mwfrD;wvkH;ESifh a&SUqkH;u OD;aqmifonf/ uRefawmfwdkU vlodkufrSm
tv,fu vufESdyf"mwfrD;wvuf? aemufqkH;u wvuf/ usefvlrsm;u za,mif;wdkif
udkifMu&onf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD; okH;vufBuD;awmifygaewm? za,mif;wdkif awG
vdkygao;ovm;wJU/ vdkygw,fcifAs/ bmaMumifhqdk vrf;u jzL;jzL;ajzmifhajzmifh r[kwf/
a'gifh'JwGefUvdk auGUauGUaumufaumuf/ EdkUNyD; vlawGu rwfwwfcsnf; oGm;ae
onfr[kwf/ ikHUwdk;onfhtcgwdk;&\/ av;bufaxmuf wGm;oGm;onfhtcg oGm;&\/
wa,mufzifESifh wa,mufacgif; wdkufonfhtcg wdkuf\/ *lxJodkU t&ifoGm;NyD; jyefvm
wJUvlrsm;vJ 'Dvrf;bJjzpfojzifh yckH;csif;? ab;csif;wkdufum a&SmifMu&ao;\/ za,mif;
wdkifav;awG udk,fpDESifh/
tay:tusÐ taEG;xnfawGudk cRwfcJUcdkif;onfudkvnf; 'DtxJa&mufrS uRefawmfodygNyD/
þ*lwGif;vrf;aMumif;onf pGwfpdkxdkif;rIdif;vsuf tcsKdUae&mrSm a&pyfpyf &GHUap;ap;jzpfae&m
tusÐaumif;awG ypf&ukefayvdrfhrnf/
uRefawmfonf þrQoGm;&cufcJaomc&D;? wjznf;jznf;pdwfysufvmvsuf *lwGif;
eufvmavav? a'go xGufvmavavESifh uRefawmfha&SUrS wukef;ukef;oGm;aeaom
arhxrD cg;ykHpudk qGJvdkufae&mrS...
]]a[h...ar&...ra&mufao;bl;vm;uG}}
]]eD;ygNyD...armif&....}}
]]a&mufawmh bmawGU&rSmvJ[...}}
]]armifa&mufawmh Munfhaygh...}}
ighvcGD;wJUrS 'DvdkrSef;od igrvdkufzl;a[h? bk&m;pl;}}
]]awmuf....b,folursm; tD;aygufvdkufjyefygvdrfha[h.....}}
]]þ*lwGif; vrf;c&D;ü tD;aygufjcif; onf;cHygAsKdU...}}
vli,fwa,mufu xatmfvdkuf\/ vlwef;BuD;u w[m;[m; yGJusoGm;\/
þodkU em&D0ufavmuf cufcufcJcJ oGm;&NyD;wJUaemuf a&mufygNyDwJUAsKdU/
]a&mufygNyDwJUAsKdU}qdk&onfu vrf;qkH;íom/ b,fudka&mufwmwJUvJ? a&SUrSm
acsmufBuD;cifAs/ atmufrSm a&pyfpyfESifh/ olUurf;yg;apmufu ay 20 avmufeufr,f/
txJ qif;csifwJUvl qif;bdkUxifh? q,fhig;awmifavmuf rQif0g;wvkH; axmifxm;w,f/
'D0g; qGJqif;csif qif;Muaygh/ 'Dvdkem&d0ufavmuf av;bufaxmuf rdausmif;wGm;?
ig;&SOfhwdk;? trsKd;rsKd; yifyef;BuD;pGm vmcJUMuwm bmrS&p&mr&SdwJU 'DacsmufBuD;xJ
rnfolu qif;csifrnfenf;/
aMomf..wckawmh&Sd&JU/ wOD;eJUwOD; a*:&nfaoG;aeMuwJU tysKdav;eJU vlysKdav;
'DacsmufBuD;xJ ikHUMunfh&if; aumifrav;&JU acgif;pnf;yk0gav;u atmufusoGm;w,f?
'Dawmh aumifav;u uAsmu&m 'D0g;vkH;wG,f? atmufqif;oGm;wJUNyD;? olUieJr yk0gav;
udk aumuf,lwJUum yg;pyfeJUudkufNyD; jyefwufvmw,f/ [m;....uRefawmfom qdk&ifav?
'Dyk0g acsmufxJu ajrBuD;rxd&atmif 0g;vkH;udk wcgxJavQmwdkuf qif;csvdkufrSmbJ/
udk,fut&if yk0gatmufa&mufawmhrS vnfyif;ywfNyD; ,lcJUr,f/
'g[m uRefawmfu vlysKdav;wa,mufae&mu pdwful;wmbJ/ wu,fvdkU 'Dtck tcsdefrSm
arhacgif;u yk0gav; usoGm;r,fqdk&if....
]]rif;udku uacsmfucRwfEdkifygw,fuGm? aeyap? tpm;vdkcsif NrdKUxJa&mufrS jyef0,f,l?
w,f...igvlygawmif uefcsvdkufcsifao;}}
'DvdkbJ uRefawmfajymypfvdkufrSmbJ/
t"dyÜm,fum; þrkHw0*lc&D;onf a*:&nfaoG;aeMuaom tysKdav;? vlysKdav;ESifh
orD;&nf;pm;wkdUtzdkU tvGefaumif;vSygonf/ arSmifrdkufrdkuf acsmifBudKufMuwJUtcgrsKd;/
odkUaomfarESifhuRefawmf nm;onfu ig;ESpfausmfaeNyDqdkawmh ae&maumif;? tuGuf
aumif; awGUygaomfvnf; rdk;vGefrSxGefcsygwum;/ tcsm;edrf; aywnf;/ tcsnf;ESD;aom
þc&D;udk uRefawmfhtm; ac:vm&ygrnfvm;[k EIwfu wzspfawmufawmuf/
a&TyGJvmtm;vkH;yif *laygufxJrS MuufawGvdk wa,mufpDwa,mufpD xGufvmMu um?
'DacsmufBuD; ikHUMunfh&if; oufjyif;awG csMu\/
]]acgif;aqmifvrf;jy udktkef;azcifAsm? a&SUc&D;qufp&m &Sdygao;ovm;...}}
]]r&Sdygbl;q&m? jyefMu&kH &Sdygawmhw,f}}
]]tjyef b,fvrf;u jyef&rSmvJcifAs}}
]]'D *laygufxJbJ jyef0ifNyD; oGm;Mu&rSmbJq&mh...}}
]][dkuf...aMomf...'ku©ygbJvm;}}
uRefawmfacwå pum;em;NyD;...
]]'D*layguf[m b,fwkef;u b,folawGu bmvkyfzdkU azmufMuwmwJUvJAs}}
]]b,fwkef;uvJawmhrodbl;p&mh? apmfbGm;udk ykefuefwJU olykefawG ykef;cdkbdkU azmufwmvdkU
ajymMuwmbJ p&mh}}
]]awmuf...olykefawGES,f...azmufr,fhazmufvJ ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef;eJU vlaumif;
aumif;oGm;Edkifatmif azmufua&maygh? ckawmh uRefawmfwdkU 'ku©rsm;vdkufwmAsm}}
]]q&m..ckvdkvmr,frSef; rodvdkU aeygvdrfhr,fq&m...}}
]]uRefawmfarhoGm;vdkUyg q&m...}}
armyef;jcif;udk &,farmjcif;jzifh ajzazsmufMuukefonf/
xdkae&mrSm watmifhwem; aeMuNyD;aemuf vmvrf;twdkif; tvmwkef;u 'ku©ru?
ESpfxyfuGrf;rdkU ydkrdkyifyef;pGmjyefcJUMu&awmh\/
*l0u prf;a&tdkif a&mufawmhrS uRefawmfoufjyif;BuD;csum t&ufykvif;
zGifhvdkufygawmh\/
tcsdefrSm 11-em&Davmuf&SdacsNyD/ 'Da&mufrS rD;zdkay:wifí izdef;aMumfudkcwfxm; aom
[if;csKdtdk;xJudk ,ckrS vdkufcl;Muaom [if;&GufpkHawGcwf? ygvmcJUaom Muufom;
qDjyef? iozGJESifh yJykyfaMumf? o&ufoD;oeyfwdkUESifh xrif;udk zufcif;ípm;&&m vlawGu
yef;aeawmh w,fNyD;NrdefvSoudk;/
pm;NyD;w,fqdk opfwyif&dyfrSm t&uform;wkdUpnf;pdrfjzifh uRefawmftdyfawmh onf/
tcsKdUu a&ul;? tcsKdUu awmxJawmifxJ avQmufvnf/
aeUv,f 2-em&Davmuf&SdawmhrS tm;vkH; vljyefpkí jyefcJUMuawmh\/
tjyefonf tvmwkef;uxuf yifyef;\/ tvmwkef;uawmifajc tqif;? tckjyef
twuf/ EdkUNyD; aeuvnf; eHeufaeESifh aeUcif;ae/
uav;awGbJ aumif;w,f/ olwkdUonf aeyludkvnf;raMumuf&? arm&yef;&rSef;
vnf;rod/ ajy;vdkuf vTm;vdkuf/ ig;OoD;awG? ZD;oD;awGcl;pm;vdkufESifh w[D;[D;? w[m;
[m;/
uRefawmfrlum; tvmwkef;u at;í 0wfvmcJUaom ukwftusÐudk ausmay:
wif&onfrSm tifrwefav;vHaom 0efxkyfBuD; wifaeyg\/ onftxJ rvTJra&Smifom
ojzifh t&ufykvif;ygaomtdwfudk vGwfxm;&ao;\/ taMumif;rSm t&uform;wckck
jzpfvQif t&ufyJtm;udk;wwfonfhtwdkif; tarmajy? tylcH[k vrf;rSm t&ufudk wpGwf
pGwf aomufvmcJU\/ vlrl;vmaomtcgü pdwful;,Ofrd\/
þawmvrf;c&D;0,f aomfwmaqG yifyef;EGrf;EG,faeonfudk y@KurÁvm
jrausmufzsmwif;ojzifh odMum;rif;odí ukef;ESD;tjynfhtpkHESifh pD;jrif;waumif zefqif;
vTwfvdkufav\-[lí/ odkUaomf awmacG;waumif jzwfajy;onfudkom jrifcJU&yg\/
onfvdkESifhbJ tdrfjyefa&muf? aemufwaeUusawmh raeUu c&D;yef;wmeJU? t&uf
aomufvGefwmeJU t&ufem usNyD; uRefawmftdyf&mu rcGmEdkif jzpfyga&mvm;As/
'Dvkd t&ufemuswmrsKd;awmh uRefawmfhrdef;ru &dk;aeNyD/ 0rf;Ekwfaq;auR;NyD; tem;rSm
vufzuf&nfMurf;wtdk;xm;ay;\/ vluawmhac:rSvm\/ odkUaomf uRefawmfh tm;
tem;u wz0g;ruGm *&kwpdkuf jyKpkolwa,mufonf armif;xkwfvdkUrS r&atmif
a&mufvm\/
apwem&Sif
vlBuD;xJuawmh r[kwf/ touf av;ig;ESpfom;rQ&SdOD;rnf/ olUemrnfzdk;armf[k ac:\/
OD;armfwif? a':apmrGefwkdU\ qXrajrmufom;jzpf\/ olUtm; armfvNrdKifrSmarG;
aomaMumifh zdk;armf[k rSnfhac:jcif;jzpf\/ trawGESifhae&aomaMumifh rdef;uav;[efyef
&Sd\/ rdef;uav;vdkbJ uEGJUu&ajymwwf\/
uRefawmfhtdyf&meHab; usKHUusKHUav;vmxdkifaevsuf....
]]OD;av;aqG bmvdkcsifvJ? zdk;armfbmvkyfay;&rvJ? ajymaemf}}
]]bmrS rvdkcsifygbl;uGm? bmrSvJ vkyfay;p&m rvdkygbl;}}
]]OD;av;aqG 'Dvdkjzpfwmudk zdk;armfodyfoem;w,f}}
]]at;uGm..udpör&Sdygbl;}}
]]OD;av;aqG...ESdyfay;&rvm;? eif;ay;&rvm;? zdk;armfeif;ESdyfay;ygr,f}}
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,fuGm? bmrSvkyfp&m rvdkygbl;? zdk;armfoGm;upm;acsyg}}
]]zdk;armf rupm;csifygbl;? OD;av;aqG tem;rSm jyKpkaecsifygw,f}}
olu pum;av;vJ awmfawmfwwfwJUaumif jzpf\/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJ tif;...
'Daumifawmh ighqDu rkHUbdk;vdkcsifvkdUbJ atmufarhrdí aiGwusyfxkwfay;um...
]]a&mh...a&mh..zdk;armf? rkHUoGm;0,fpm;acs}}
odkUaomf olu cg;cg;onf;onf; jiif;vsuf....
]]OD;av;aqGqDu rkHUbdk;vdkcsifvdkU r[kwfygbl;Asm}}
]]EdkU...wjcm;uav;awGeJU rupm;bJ bmaMumifh ightem; vmaewmwkef;}}
]]'Dvdk...OD;av;aqG&JU? rndKrjzLwkdUu ajymw,f? eifhOD;av;aqGraeUu t&ufawG
odyfaomufvdkU 'DaeUaowmhr,fwJU? ao&ifeifhudk o&Jacsmufvdrfhr,fwJU? 'gaMumifh
OD;av;aqGudk raocif uRefawmfvmNyD;jyKpkwmyg? OD;av;aqGao&if uRefawmfhudk o&J
racsmufeJUaemf? aemf}}
aMomf...'Dvdkudk;/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfpdwfaygufayguf&Sdvmí...
]]at; at;? racsmufapcsif&if rif;tck ightem;rSmraeeJU}}[k qdkawmhrS olxdkif&m rSxí...
]]rndKeJUrjzLwkdUudkawmh t&rf;BuD;acsmufvdkufprf;ygaemf}}
]]at;...at;...oGm;awmhuGm}}
odkUwdkif oltcef;xJu rxGufao;bJ...
]]OD;av;aqG? b,fawmhaorSmvJ [if}}
]]noef;aumifavmuf}} (uRefawmfhEIwfxJ awGU&myif)
]]av;av;*sJ ajymNyD;yvm;}}
]]ajymNyD;NyD}}
]]'geJUawmif av;av;*sJu rjzLeJUrndKwdkUu OD;av;aqGaoawmhr,fajymw,f qdkawmh
awmufwD;awmufwJU wJU}}
]]at;? rif;o&Jacsmuf rcHcsif&if jrefjrefoGm;awmhuGm}}
,if;rS olxGufoGm;awmh\/
ujrif;r aumif? ,ck þpma&;aecsdefrSmawmh vlysKdjzpfaeacsNyD/
tcef; (7)
t[d
&Ir0r*¾Zif;xJwGif [mou@wck uRefawmfu wm0ef,lí xnfhoGif;&awmhrnf [k
u@emrnfudk OD;ausmf? wifhw,fESifh uRefawmfokH;a,muf wdkifyifpOf;pm;aomtcg
uRefawmfhrSm udk,fh[mudk,f b,fvdktrnfay;&rnfrod jzpfaeaomtcg wifhw,fu
&kwfw&uf oGufvufpGmyif....
]]udk&if okH;okH;aewJU pum;vkH;wck&Sdom;bJav... ]t[d}qdkwm}}
onfawmhrS uRefawmfcsufjcif;owd&awmh\/ olrsm;udk ajymifaemufaomtcg? Oyrm
(pifppf trSeftm;jzifh þ0w¬K ZmwfuGuf Zmwfvrf;uav;rSm wu,fhtjzpftysuf
uav;bJ[k bJqdkbJ? qdk&ifawmhwmbJ/ t[d)
1938-ckESpfu a&;awmh Adkvfbif&dk; 0w¬Ked'gef;wGif xdkpOfu olU0gusawGrSm ]bJ}awG
trsm;BuD; okH;aeaom Aef;armfwifatmifudk uvdjcif;/
EdkUNyD;....(tJ tJ EdkUaywJUwcsufuav;awmh tcGifhoifhvdkU *kPf,lyg&ap/ tESDvdk
udpörsKd;awGaMumifhbJ xifyg&JU/ (t[d)tcsKdU vuf0Jq&m qdkolrsm;u (t[d)uRefawmfhudk
wdk;wufaeaom tpdwftydkif;tayguf0odkU acgif;jyLaeNyD qdkvm;bJ/ (t[d)csD;rGrf;Mu
w,f/ wcsKdUuawmh (t[d) uRefawmfhuG,f&mrS....
]]'D aomfwmaqGqdkwJU acG;rom;[m tvum;taumif? wdkif;jynfpmzwfy&dowf nHUvdkU
'Daumifpma&;q&m jzpfaewm....}wJU/ (t[d)uRefawmfESifh uRefawmfhpmzwf y&dowfudk
qJMuygonf/ (t[d)
xdkpOfu olwkdUudk,folwdkU vuf0Jqdkolrsm;u uRefawmfhudk a0zefMuojzifh uRefawmfu
]]aus;Zl;qyfenf; edosnf;}0w¬K pum;csD;wGif olwkdUtm; uvdjcif;jzpfygonf/
,if;uJUodkU uRefwmfhta&;tom;udk taMumif;jyKí wifhw,fu tqdkjyK&m
OD;ausmfuvnf; oabmusí ]t[d}jzpfoGm;ygawmh\/
&Ir0 r*¾Zif;wGif ESpfazmif? q,fhajcmufrsufESm wm0ef,l&rnf/ þodkU u@wck
jyKpk&onfrSm 0w¬Kwyk'fwnf; pmrsufESm av;ig;q,f a&;&onfxuf cufygonf/
r*¾Zif;BuD;xJu r*¾Zif;uav;jzpfae&m wwfEdkiforQ tcef;pkHatmif yg&ayrnf/
xdkUaMumifh acgif;BuD;? t,f'Dwm tmabmf? 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;? uAsm? pmajymifwdkU tjyif
tarhNydKifpdkUvm;? þvnf; wt[d? vifhzaemifhaygufaq;? r,m; zdeyfpm? t[d
toHvTifhXme? t[d vTwfawmfpaom tcef;rsm;udk wDxGifvdkuf&onf/ tcef;wdkif;wGif
þykHpHrsKd; rnfolrqdk a&;om;ay;ydkUEdkifonf/ [mo? uAsm? 0w¬K? aqmif;yg;? pmajymifrsm;
vnf; a&;ydkUEdkifygonf[k ausnmcsufjzifh ESpfvavmufom uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;
uavmifemrnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh pmykHpHawG trsKd;rsKd; a&;cJU&onf/ okH;vajrmufrSpí tjcm;
0goem&SifawG 0ifvmMuawmh\/
vmorQ uRefawmfu yxrzwfí a&G;? uRefawmf a&G;wmrsm;udk wzef OD;ausmftm;
wifjy&onf/ OD;ausmfonf rnfonfhpmudkrQ olrzwfzJESifh vTwfay;onf r&Sdacs/
uRefawmfa&;wm a&G;wmawGonf raumif;rSmpdk;íawmhr[kwf/ aumif;rSmudk awmh
,kHMunfonf/ odkUaomf [moqdkawmh tajymiftavSmifç tNidtpGef; &SdrSmpdk;íjzpf \/
OD;ausmf\ pmwnf;b0rSm uRefawmf [moq&mESifh [dkvuf0Jq&mawGudk tNrJ
owdxm;ae&&Sm\/ uRefawmfonf aemufydkif;ü touft&G,ftavsmuf vuf&majymif;
cJUí xdkvlrsm;um; OD;ausmfaocgeD;txd jiif;Mu ckHMuwkef;jzifh ¤if;wkdUvnf; onftwdkif;
bJ aoMutHUxif\/ (þum; pum;csyf)/
&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSm uRefawmfh t[du@zGifhaomtcg xdkpOfu armifaqGwifhemrnfESifh 0w¬KawG
ra&;wwfao;aom OD;ausmfom; armifaqGonf yef;csDvdkvdk? umwGef;vdkvdk ykHqGJ
avhusifhaeav\/ uRefawmfht[du@twGuf vufwnfhprf;aomtcg OD;ausmfu
olUom;ykHrsm;udk olUqE´oufoufjzifhrokH;ay/ ]]rifh OD;av;aqGjy? olUt[drSm olt,f'D
wm olBudKufrS okH;Edkifr,f}}[k ajymNyD; uRefawmfu a&G;cs,f&ef okH;awmhRs ykHi,fwckudk
5usyfEIef; olUom;tm; ay;\/ armifaqGUykHrsm;udk uRefawmfuvnf; ESpfoufí okH;jcif;bJ
jzpf\/ rBudKufvQify,fcsonf/
xdkpOfu uRefawmfht[du@rSm armifaqGESifh wufopfp yef;csDarmifpdefykHrsm;udk okH;\/
&Ir0r*¾Zif;rSm t[du@onf atmifjrif\/ ESpfouftm;ay;olawG &Sdvm\/
[motwdktxGm? uAsm? aqmif;yg;? pmajymif? 0w¬Kwdk? uavmifopfawG aygufzGm;vmcJU
onf/ t[dwGif vufpJGokH;Edkifaom yifwdkifuavmif&SifawG&vmonf/ rpHvS0if;cdkif?
cif*Grf;*Gd? a&TularESif;? tDMumauG;? aiGarmif;? armifva&mif? a&Twnf&efaemif? atmif
(vQyfppf)? usKdufvwfrdk;jrifh? armif&nfwifh? ok0PÖausmfpdef? ol&wufyk? zkef;zkef;?
ewåvif; cspfvGif? aygif;wnfpef;jrifh? jynfat;udk? rrnGefU..../
1959-ckESpfa&mufaomtcg OD;ausmfuuRefawmfhtm;-
]]uJ.....udk&ifhrSm wynfhvufom; pkHNyD? t[dqdkwJU eHr,fvJ y&dowf&SdaeNyD? udk&ifh
zmomudk&if wusyfwefoD;oefU t[dxkwfaya&mh? &Ir0xJrSm t[du@pxnfhuxJu
usKyf[m udk&ifhudk pmwtkyfxkwfoGm;EdkifbdkU &nf&G,fcsuf &SdcJUw,f/ uJ...tck
tcsdefwefNyD}}
OD;ausmfonf ol\apwemtwdkif; uRefawmfhtm; pma&;wmtjyif pmwtkyfESifh
toufarG;0rf;ausmif; jzpfatmif BuHaqmifpDrHay;vdkufygonf/ xdkUaMumifh t[dudk vpOf
pmapmiftjzpf ta&;ydkif&kH;wGif oGm;a&mufrSwfykHwifí 1959ckESpf? Mo*kwfvwGif t[d
eHywfwpfudk pwifxkwfa0vdkufygawmh\/
xdkpOfu rnfolrqdk pme,fZif; xkwfa0Edkifonf/ vkH;csif;0w¬qdkvQifum; rSwfykHwif ae&ef
rvdk/ bmpmaywdkuf? nmpmaywdkuf[lí owif;pmxJ aMumfjimNyD; xkwfvkduf&kHbJ/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf ]aomfwmpmay}[laom trnfudk ,lvdkufNyD; ]t[d}udk vpOf
xkwfa0onf/ aemifü aomfwmpmayrS vkH;csif;0w¬Krsm;udkvnf; xkwfonf/
uRefawmfonf udk,fydkifpmtkyf pwifpOfu rçwnfaiGwaxmif udk,fhrSm&Sdí r[kwf/
rEåav;pmtkyfudk,fpm;vS,f &J&ifhOD;aX;qDrSm vpOftvDvD pmtkyfzdk;awGxJrS
ESdrfoGm;yg[lí acs;,lvdkufjcif;jzpfygonf/ OD;aX;uvnf; xdkaiGudk csufjcif;bJ
ydkUvdkuf\/
uRefawmf\yxrOD;qkH; pmtkyfxkwf&ef Mo*kwfvudk a&G;cs,fonfrSm uRefawmf onf
1947-ckESpf? Mo*kwfvrSmpwifí pma&;q&mjzpfaomaMumifh þvudk uRefawmf\
uHaumif;aomv[k pdwfxJrSwf,lrdonfhtwGuf jzpfyg\/
yxrOD;qkH;tBudrf 5000-&dkuf&m 4000-ausmfukefojzifh awmfawmfbJ tusKd;&Sdyg \/
xdkUaemuf aMumfjimu vpOf 250-usyf? 300-usyf&jyefonf/
,if;odkUjzpf&um;? vpOf þt[dxkwfjcif;ESifh &Ir0twGuf 0w¬Kwyk'f a&;jcif;jzifh yif
uRefawmf\ b0&yfwnfa&;rSm ajyvnfwifhw,fvsuf &SdavNyD/
EGm;0,fbdkU aiG 800d
þodkU udk,fhpmtkyfudk,f rxkwfrDurl &Ir0uay;aom aiG 600-usyfrS ,ciftdrf
axmifa[mif;u uav;p&dwf 250-usyfay;&í usef 350-usyfESifh 1597-ckESpfwGif
ar\om;ESpfa,mufyg &efukefa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUrSm vpOf tvsifrSD&kH
avmufom&Sd\/
xdkpOf waeUoü OD;cifarmifvwfESifh a':cifrsd;cspf vifr,m;onf &Gmwef;&Snf&Sd
uRefawmfhtdrfuav;odkU vma&mufvnfywfMu&m uRefawmfhtdrfteD;rSm EdkUpm;EGm;r
arG;jrLolrsm;&SdMuí EGm;NcHawGrSm EGm;rçjrnfoH? EGm;uav;atmfoHawGESifh EGm;EdkUnSpfaeMu
onfrsm;udk jrif&aomtcg....
]]atmifr,f? rif;wkdU&Gmuav;u wu,fhawm&Gmav;bJ? aysmfp&muG,f? &efukef teD;rSm
'DvdkEdkUpm;EGm;rçawG arG;Muwm olwkdUawmfawmf tusKd;&SdMurSmaygh...}}
]]&Sdw,fudkvwf&JU? uRefawmfawmif olwkdUtm;usNyD; EGm;arG;csifpdwf ay:rdw,f...}}
udkvwfu pdwfyg0ifpm;um....
]]at;...arG;ygvm;uG....}}
]]arG;wmu [kwfyg&JU? uRefawmfhrSmu aiG&if;r&Sdbl;...}}
]]aiG&if; b,favmufawmif vdkrSmvJ}}
]]EdkUpm;EGm;ru aps;rao;bl;? tenf;qkH; 500-usyfbJ? 'Dawmh EGm;NcHaqmuf&rSmeJU?
EGm;pm0,f&rSmeJU? 700-usyf 800-usyfavmuf rçwnf&rSmbJ...}}
OD;cifarmifvwfrSm olwwfEdkifvQif wzufom;udk tNrJwrf;ulnDrpcsifpdwf &Sdol
jzpf&mum; rqdkif;cPyif...
]]'gjzifh rif; eufzefcg ighqDvmNyD; 800-usyf ,lvSnfhuGm...}}[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
aemufwaeU uRefawmf olwdkUtdrfa&mufoGm;aomtcg udkvwfonf uRefawmfh tm;
wuúodkvfpmwdkufodkU ac:oGm;í aiG 800-usyf xkwfay;vdkuf\/
EdkUpm;EGm;r arG;jrLa&;
pifppf EGm;arG;jrLa&;taMumif; ajymMupOfu uRefawmfonf tu,fEGm;arG;vdkí r[kwf/
pum;tqifoifhíom (uRefawmfawmif olwdkUtm;usNyD; EGm;arG;csifpdwf ay:rd w,f)[k
ajymvdkufrdjcif;jzpf\/ trSefum; EdkUpm;EGm;rarG;jrL&onfrSm vG,fulaomtvkyf
r[kwfacs/ cdkif;EGm;rsKd;uJUodkU aumuf&dk;? jrufauR;xm;&kHESifhrNyD;/ EGm;rrS EdkU&pdrfhaomiSm
zGJEk? qefuGJç ESrf;zwfudk qm;EdkifEdkifESifhusKdí e,fzwfauR;&onf/ tpmwGif qm;iefrS
t&nf rsm;rsm;aomufí EGm;EdkUrsm;rsm;xGuf\/ uRefawmfonf jrif;vSnf;orm;b0u
jrif;arG;cJU bl;&m EdkUpm;EGm;ronf jrif;xuf auR;& arG;&u&duxEdkif\/
tu,fí udkvwfay;aom aiG800d-usyfxJrS 500d-usyf? 600d-usyfwef EGm;r'ef;
rwaumif 0,fvdkufygtHU/ olUudkom;wif&rnf/ om;arG;atmif apmifh&rnf/ om;arG;rS
EdkU&rnf/ om;ESifhEdkUusaeNyDjzpfaom EGm;rudkum; waxmifatmuf r&Edkifacs/
uJ...[kwfygNyD/ uRefawmfonf EGm;r'ef;waumif0,fí om;wifNyD; auR;arG;jyKpk vdkuf&m
wESpfMumaomtcg om;usygNyD? EdkU&ygNyDwJU/ olUtwGuf uRefawmfrnfrQt&if;
tESD;0ifaeNyDenf;/
olUudk uRefawmfajcmufvavmuf EdkUnSpfNyD;aomtcg wzefom;wifay;&rnf/
Znf;uyfvmonfESifhwNydKifeuf EdkUt&enf;vmNyD; Znf;&ifhaomtcgü EdkUr&awmhNyD/
xdktcg þEGm;rom;trdudk uRefawmfu olwdkUqDu 0ifaiGr&bJESifh tvum;oufouf
auR;xm;&awmhrnf/
xdkUaMumifh EdkUpm;EGm;r arG;jrLvdkolwkdUonf tenf;qkH; ESpfaumif&SdrS jzpf\/ waumif
EdkUr&csdefwGif waumifu &ae&rnf/ t"dyÜm,frSm EGm;rESpfaumifonf wvSnfhpD
0ifaiG&aeí olwkdUcsif; wjyefpDauR;ae&mü vluolwdkUtm; jyKpkc 0ifpm;&rnf/
,if;odkUrS EGm;rBuD;rsm;u EGm;uav;awGarG;í EdkUpm;EGm;r q,faumifjzpfvmNyD qdktHU/
'DvdkeJU ig;aumifpD\ &aiGudk ig;aumifpDu pm;aeMuí vlu olwkdUtm; jyKpkauR;
arG;cMum;0ifpm;&rnfom jzpfonf/ EkdUpm;EGm;r taumifESpfq,f jzpfvmygNyDwJU/ xdkenf;
¤if;bJ/ EGm;rsm;vmawmh udk,fcsnf;rwwfEdkifojzifh tvkyform; iSm;&awmhrnfjzpfí
tvkyform;rsm;tm; zJUíay;&jyefawmhonf/ xdkUaMumifh EkdUpm;EGm;r arG;jrLolwkdUonf
EGm;awGom wif;ukyfrqHUatmif rsm;vnrnf/ aiGuawmh tzwfwifrvmbJ &aiGESifh
xGufaiGu nDrQvsufom &Sdae\/ b,fawmhrS aiGawG vkH;ueJcJueJ &rnfenf;/ EGm;awG
wtkyfwrBuD; a&mif;ypfaomtcgrSbJ jzpf\/
odkUaomfvnf; 'DvdkwtkyfwrBuD; jzpfvmzkdUu uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;rSm tifrwef
tokH;p&dwfusOf;aom [dE´Lukvm;rsm;uJUodkU rvG,fulacs/ &Gmwef;&SnfaepOfu
EdkUpm;EGm;r arG;jrLjcif;jzifh BuD;yGm;aeonfqdkaom udkapmvSudk uRefawmfavhvmcJUonf/
olUEGm;NcHrS EGm;awG ESpfpOf wdk;wufaeonfawmhrSefyg\/ odkU&mwGif ArmyDyD oma&;em
a&;BuKHvmwdkif; xkwfxkwfa&mif;&ojzifh EGm;rq,fhudk;aumifxuf wdk;wufcJUonfr&Sdacs/
vlyifyef;vdkufonfuvJ tvGefbJ/ eHeuf 3em&Du xNyD;EdkUnSpf&onf/ wzefaeUv,f
3em&DrSm nSpf&jyefonf/ EGm;rwaumifudk waeUESpfcgnSpf&onf/
xdkUtjyif uRefawmfhpdwfrSm roufrom cHpm;rdonfum; EGm;rBuD;ESifh olUom;
uav;&JUjzpftif/ wif;ukyfxJwGif EGm;om;trdESpfaumifudk rsufESmcsif;qdkif BudK;wdkwdkESifh
csnfxm;onf/ EGm;rBuD;EdkUonf om;uav;buf vSnfhray;Edkifatmif eHab;rS nSyfwef;
&dkufxm;onf/
EdkUnSpfawmhrnfqdkawmhrS EGm;uav;tm; BudK;jznfí EGm;rBuD;em; qGJvmum
cPuav;pdkUaponf/ EGm;rBuD;u olUom;uav; pdkUpdrfhaomiSm EkdUudkcsay;vdkufaomtcg
EGm;uav;udk aqmifhqGJ,lí wdkifrSmcsnfxm;vdkufNyD;? EGm;rBuD;\ EdkUudknSpf,lawmh\/
pifppfum; EGm;uav;aomuf&rnfhEdkUudk vlu vk,ljcif;bJjzpfyg\/ xdktcsdefrSm
EGm;uav;u EdkpdkUcsifvGef;vdkU wbJbJatmfae\/
udkvwfay;vdkufaom aiG 800dudk udkifí txufygtaMumif;rsm;udk vifr,m; ESpfa,muf
aqG;aEG;Muaomtcg aru...
]]'Dvdkjzifh EGm;r r0,feJUaygh armif&,f...}}
]]EGm; r0,fawmh 'DaiGudk 'dkUbmvkyfrvJ? jyefay;vdkuf&rSmuvJ ESajrmp&mBuD;...}}
]]tdk...bmvdkU jyefay;&rSmvJ olwdkUrSm ydkvQHvdkU udk,fhay;wmbJ? arvufaumuf
vkyfypfvdkufr,fav....}}
aMomf...udk,fhom;r,m;qdkawmh a&T0wf a&Txnfqif&OD;rSmygvm;/
]]at;...vkyf...vkyf...}}
,if;odkUjzifh q&mvwfwkdU vifr,m; uRefawmfwkdU&GmodkU olwkdU0,fay;aom
uRefawmfwkdUEGm;rudk Munfh&atmif vmMuaomtcg uRefawmfu r&GHUr&JrsufESmjzifh
EGm;rjzpfzJ vufaumufjzpfoGm;&onfhtaMumif;udk &Sif;jy&awmh\/
'Dawmh udkvwfu 0rf;omtm;&bJ...
]][if;...tv[ó okH;pm;rypfzJ vufaumuftzwfwifwm awmfao;wmayghuGm ...}}wJU/
xdkrSpí olwkdUaiG 800d taMumif;udk uRefawmfwkdU pum;qufrajymMuacs/
om;&SifjyKjcif;
tazonf uRefawmfESifh uRefawmfhxufq,fESpfi,faom om;wa,mufudk zGm;jrif cJUí
þom;ESpfa,mufudk wBudrfpD tjcm;udwådrom;rsm;ESifh &SifjyKcJUNyD;aemuf? ,ck ajr;rsm;udk
&SifjyKcsifjyefNyDwJU/ aus;awm&Gm vlBuD;rsm;onf aiG,m;uav;&SdvQif 'grsKd;bJ
pdwful;aewwf\/
uRefawmfhtaronf om;orD;udk;a,muf zGm;jrifcJU&m? ig;a,muf tzwfwifcJU onf/
tBuD;qkH;orD;u uRefawmft&G,fra&mufrDuyif tdrfaxmifuscJUaomfvnf;
om;orD;rxGef;um;acs/ 'kwd,ESifh wwd, orD;rsm;u i,fpOfuyif aoqkH;ukefMuonf/
uRefawmfu pwkw¬ajrmuf om;jzpf\/ uRefawmfhatmuf nDrav;uvnf; i,fpOfuyif
qkH\/ xdknDr\atmuf qXrajrmuf om;um; vlajcmufuav;jzpfae\/
vlajcmuf
olUudk zGm;jrifaomtcg uRefawmfonf ajcmufESpfom;avmuf&Sdí aumif;rGefpGm
rSwfrdaeygNyD/ a,mufsm;uav;t*FgpkHyg\/ aeUaphvaph arG;jcif;bJjzpf\/ odkUaomfrdcif
um; udk,f0efaqmif Adkufray:cJUacs/ taMumif;rSm þvlajcmufuav; t&yfonf
wxGmomomrQ&Sdí olUt&yfESifh udk,fvkH;udk,fxnf tcsKd;usaom vluav;bJjzpf\/
olUtom;a&mifu vltom;a&mifESifhrwl? acsmuvufa&mifjzpfae\/ arG;pOfu 00vif
vifav;jzpfaomfvnf; toufr&SLyg/ odkU&mwGif olUcE¨mudk,fonf ykyfíroGm;? wjznf;
jznf;ajcmufoGm;í aemufqkH;rSm ur®Xmef;&kyfav;om jzpfoGm;awmh\/
onfvdkvlajcmufuav;arG;vQif rdbudkaumif;usKd;ay;wwfonfqdkí olUtm; ykqdk;ç
tusDrsm; 0,fay;&onf/ uRefawmfhtwGuf0,fwdkif; olUbdkU i,fi,fuav; csKyfay;
&onf/ olUudkrSefaowåmxJrSm a&arT;ESifhxm;onf/ udk,fhvlu rdbudkb,frQaumif;usKd;
ay;rnfawmh rod/ olUarG;NyD; umvrsm;pGmMumatmif [dkuonfu vma&mufMunfh&IMu
olrsm;udk r*Fvmwyg;vkyfí {nfhcHauR;arG;&onfrsm;udkawmh uRefawmfaumif;pGmrSwfrd
\/
olUudk vma&mufMunfh&IolawG &dk;oGm;Muaomtcg olUtm; tdrftay:xuf tcef;xJrSm
xm;\/ uRefawmf olUtem; oGm;oGm;NyD; pum;ajym\/ olu Ak'¨[l;om;udk;? olUemrnf
armifvSa&T[k ay;xm;\/
]]a[haumif....ighnDarmifvSa&T? vlajcmufawG[m tdyfrufxJrSm pum;ajymw,fwJU uG...?
rif; igntdyfwJUtcgrSm tdyfrufxJ vmpum;ajymjyygvm;uG? 'dkUnDtudkESpfa,muf
tdyfrufxJrSm upm;Mu&atmifvm;uG....}}
odkUaomf.....olonf uRefawmfhtdyfrufxJodkU wcgrQ rSwfavmufom;avmuf
a&mufrvmcJU/ uRefawmfhrdbrsm;vnf; olUtwGuf bmrQxl;xl;jcm;jcm; tdyfrufonf[k
rMum;rdcJU/ xdkUaMumifh olUtm;toufr&Sdawmhaom vlajcmuf[kqdkMu\/
þqXrajrmuf vlajcmufudkarG;NyD;aemuf owårajrmufu orD;rdef;uav; tjrifh/
tXrajrmufu om;a,musfm;av; armifat;/ e0rajrmuf ti,fqkH;u orD; csKdcsKd
uRefawmfwkdUtaronf 1941-ckESpfrSm uG,fvGefonf/
tjrifhonf uRefawmfhtaraoNyD; rMumrDyif 'kwd, urÇmppfBuD;rjzpfrD uRefawmfh t&if
tdrfaxmifusaomfvnf; a&SUOD;ydkif;rSm orD;awGcsnf;qufarG;aeí tazrSm &SifjyK
bdkUajr;r&cJU/ uRefawmfhusawmh vm;vm; udk,fydkifarG; om;ESpfa,muftjyif r,m;yg
om;ESpfa,mufuyg wdk;vmawmh taztBudKufawGUoGm;um ]]uJ...rifhom;awG &SifjyKbdkU
ighay;awmhuG...}}[k awmif;avawmh\/
uRefawmfhtzdkUrSmvnf; zcifaus;Zl;qyf&ef 'gbJwwfEdkifonf jzpfaomaMumifh ]]taz
oabm&SdygbJAsKdU...}}
bmoma&;
odkUaomf pifppfawG;Munfhawmh? uRefawmfhom;awGonf c&pf,efrçawGu arG;wm
csnf;jzpfae\/ aemfrmu R.C &dkrefuufovpf/ aru bufywpf/ uRefawmfu rd&dk;zvm
Ak'¨bmom/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUonf bmoma&;udk t,lonf;Muolrsm; r[kwf/ ar\
c&pf,efudpöawGudk uRefawmfucGifhjyK\/ uRefawmf\ Ak'´bmomudpöudkvnf; arucGifhjyK
\/ aemfrmum; txl;ajymp&mr&Sd/ 'Dom;orD;awGp&dwf uRefawmfu ay;xm;wmbJ/
xdkUaMumifh aemifBuD;awmhrSbJ olwkdUtodw&m;eJU olwkdUBudKuf&mbmom udk;uG,fMuyap/
tckawmh tazhqE´twdkif; &SifjyKyap[k ESpfrdom;awGudk uRefawmfçroGm;awmh\/
'DaumifawGu q,fESpfausmfawG/
1959 ckESpf? aEG&moDjzpf&m xdkpOfu 73 ESpf&SdNyD; 1972-ckESpf? 86-ckESpfrS aornfh
tazonf ]]ig...aemufb,favmufMum ae&r,fodwmr[kwfzl;? rif;om;awGvJ&SifjyKcsdef
a&mufwkef;? ighrSmvJ aiG&Sdwkef;}}[k qdkygonf/ uRefawmfhrSmawmh xdktcsdefwGif om;awGESifh
uRefawmfwkdU vifr,m; oGm;bdkUp&dwfrS tEdkifEdkifyg/ tJ'geJU uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;
om;awG&SifjyKbdkU &GmcPjyefMur,fvdkU trBuD; cifrsKd;cspfeJU udkvwfwkdUtdrf oGm;EIwfquf
awmh olwkdUonf 0rf;omtm;& ]]atmifr,f..'dkUvJ 'gejyKy&apuG,f}}[kqdkí aiGw&m
ay;vSLvdkufyg\/
þtvSLwGif uRefawmfh&Gmom;rsm;u ]]'dkU&GmtvSLawGrSm 0ufom;awGpm;ae&wm &dk;aeNyD?
ig;ajcmufaxmif; pm;csifouG,fh? &efukefom;awG &efukefu ig;ajcmuf0,fcJUyg..}} [k
awmif;qkdMu\/
þwGif pOf;pm;Munfhrd\/ ppfrjzpfrDacwfESifh ppfNyD;acwfonf ajymif;jyefjzpfae\/
a&S;t*Fvdyfacwfu ]0ufom;wkH;BuD; 'l;acgif;avmuf? olrsm;pm;wm jrifbl;yg&JU...}[kyif
oHcsyfxdk;Mu\/ tvSLtwef;wkdUwGif 0ufom;auR;ygu wu,fh'dwf'dwfBuJ tvSLrS/
ig;ajcmufaxmif;ac: i&HUajcmufudk jyKwfaxmif;NyD; aMumfxm;onfrsm; auR;onfudkawmh
qif;&Jom;pm? zGwfusm;tvSL[k ,lqMu\/
a[m....,ckawmh 0ufom;onf zGwfusm;tvSL/ ig;ajcmufaxmif;tvSLrS taumif;pm;
jzpfaejyefacsonf/ ykdufqHukefwmrSmvnf; 'Dacwf i&HUajcmufaps;? qDaps;?
MuufoGefaps;u BuD;vSojzifh 0ufom;xuf rsm;pGmydkukefae\/ pifppfawmh vlawG\
pdwfonf pm;&wmrsm;onfudk&kd;í pm;&cJonfudk wrf;wMujcif;omjzpf\/
rnfodkUqdkap uRefawmf olwkdUqE´udk jznfhpGrf;EdkifcJUyg\/ uRefawmfhrSm aiG&Sdíawmh
r[kwfyg/ þtaMumif;udk uRefawmfhnD AdkvfrSL;armifat;tm; ajymjyaomtcg vdkorQ
i&HUajcmufawGudk olu0,fay;vkdufyg\/
þ&SifjyKyGJudk owåKcsMunfhvdkufaomtcg uRefawmfuom;pdkuf? vSLbG,f'gwAÁ0wåK
tpkHpkHudk tazESifhnDwkdUu tukeftuscHMuí vkyftm;rSm &Gmol&Gmom;wkdU jzpfMuukef\/
tJ q&mvwfESifh trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfwkdU aiGw&mygonfudkvnf; ,rrif;xH oufaocH&ef
rSwfwrf;wifvdkufyg\/
olwkdUtrI
&Ir0OD;ausmfonf 1956 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 15 &ufaeUwGif &Ir0&kyf&Sifudk
wnfaxmifonf[k rSwfwrf;wifvsuf ]vmvkvkai;}Zmwfum;udk 'g&dkufwmwifhw,fESifh
pwif&dkuful;onf/
vmvkvkai;onf &Ir0\ yxrum; jzpfaomfvnf; wifhw,f\ a&SUOD;qkH; r[kwf acs/
wifhw,fonf a&Tjrifhrdk&f&kyf&SifrS ]usr tEkynmonf} ESifh ]rrxm;} Zmwfum;awGudk
t&if&dkufaepOfrS OD;ausmfu olUpma&;q&mBuD;udk 'g&dkufwmtjzpfESifh olrsm;OD;ygNyD&,fvdkU
raeEdkif rxdkifEdkif vmvkvkai; Zmwfum;udk &dkuf&ef xdk;tyfjcif;jzpfyg\/ xdktcsdefü
wifhw,ftm; pmaye,frSma&m? &kyf&Sife,frSma&m? bDat bDt,fvf? Advwfjyef pma&;
q&mBuD;[lí vGefpGmtxifBuD;aeyg\/ wifhw,fonf 'g&dkufwm rvkyfrDu &kyf&Sife,frSm
[dwfajy;aeonfuawmh at0rf;&kyf&SifrS ]tausmftarmf}Zmwfum;ESifh zdk;ygMuD; tu,f'rD
&aom ]zdk;NyKH;csKd}Zmwfum;rSm wifhw,f\ZmwfnTef;rsm; jzpfukef\/
vGefcJUaom {NyDv &Ir0u ]&Ir0OD;ausmfrnfaom ZJGowådcJ} aqmif;yg;wGif
uRefawmfa&;om;cJUonfhtwdkif; wifhw,fonf Advwfu jyefvmaomtcg yxr &Ir0
owif;pmxkwf&ef? 'kwd, &kyf&Sif&dkuf&ef OD;ausmftm; em;csonfrSm rSefygonf/ odkUaomf
OD;ausmfonf rvkyfrDrSm tvGefcsifhcsdefwwfol jzpf&um;? apmifhqdkif;pOf;pm;aepOfü a&Tjrifh
rdk&f &kyf&SifESifh wifhw,fqufoG,foGm;rdjcif;jzpfyg\/
,if;um; udkaX;<u,faumif;rIwnf;/ xdkpOfu udkaX;<u,fonf z-q-y-v
ygvDreftrwf? a&Tjrifhrdk&f &\½kyf&Sifydkif&Sif OD;oef;azESifh rEdkif&ifum? wifhw,fESifhum;
aomufazmfpm;zuf/ xdkUaMumifh udkaX;<u,fonf wifhw,ftm; OD;oef;azqDac:oGm;NyD;
vQif....
]]oef;azBuD; rif;BuD;yGm;csrf;omcsif&if 'DrSm igholi,fcsif; bDatbDt,fvf Advwf jyef
pma&;q&mwifhw,fudk &kyf&Sif'g&dkufwm vkyfcdkif;bdkU &SdawmhwmbJ}}[k wcsufvTwf
trdefUxkwfavonf/
OD;oef;azvnf; a&Tabmawmf usoGm;ojzifh ]usr tEkynmonf}ESifh ]rrxm;}
ESpfum;jyL;&dkuf&ef oabmwlvdkufav\/ 'g&dkufwmqdkvQif um;&SdrS wifhw,fojzifh
wifhw,ftm; wifhw,f&ef OD;oef;azonf atmfpwif um;av;wpD;udk 8500dESifh 0,fNyD;?
wihfw,ftm; 12000d xm;í ay;vkdufav\/
,if;odkUvQif wifhw,fonf aeUcsif;ncsif; um;ESifhbmESifh 'g&dkufwmjzpfoGm;aom tcg
Od;ausmfrSm ]wifhw,fu ight&ifajymaewm? tckolrsm; OD;oGm;NyD}[k ratmifhEdkif
rtD;Edkifjzpfum ]vmvkvkai;}Zmwfum;&dkuf&ef tjrefpDrHí &Ir0½kyf&SifukrÜPDudk
wnfaxmifvdkufav\/
a[m....vmjyefNyD aemufwa,muf
olum; aESmif;umvwGif bDokH;vkH; &kyf&Sifydkif&Sif jzpfvmrnfh OD;bcefUaywnf;/
udkbcefUonf uRefawmfESifh oufwl&G,fwlrQ uRefawmfhpmzwfy&dowfjzpfí t&uf vnf;
tvGefBudKufojzifh uRefawmfESifh aomufazmfpm;buf/
waeUoü t&ufwykvif;? bJuifwaumifESifh uRefawmfhtdrfa&mufvmum
pm;aomufMu&if; olu pum;p\/
]]udkaqG? uRefawmfwifhw,feJU &kyf&Sifwum; &dkufcsifw,fAsm}}
]]&dkufygvm;As}}
]]tJ'g....q&mwifhw,feJU uRefawmfeJU rodbl;As? udkaqGu ajymay;prf;yg}}
]]cufygbl;Asm....uRefawmfajymay;yghr,f}}
]]EdkUNyD;..uRefawmf&dkufcsifwmuvJ ola&;wJU &Ir0r*¾Zif;xJu ]rMuifomonf} 0w¬K&SnfbJ}}
]][m....'gjzifh ydkNyD; tqifajywmayghAsm? uRefawmfajymay;ygr,f}}
odkUaomf uRefawmfþtaMumif;ajymjyí OD;ausmfem;aygufoGm;aomtcg q&mausmfrSm
rcHr&yfEdkif jzpf&jyefawmhonf/
]]'D ]rMuifomonf}0w¬K[m uRefawmfh &Ir0r*¾Zif;xJrSm ygcJUwmbJAsm? &Ir0 &kyf&Sif
uvGJNyD; wjcm;ukrÜPD&dkufcGifhray;Edkifbl;? 'DawmhudkaqG 'Dvdkvkyf? cifAsm; udkbcefUudk
ajymvdkuf? wifhw,feJU 'D0w¬Kudk &dkufcsif&ifjzifh &Ir0&kyf&SifeJU&dkuf&r,f? EdkUNyD;...olUudk
vkH;vkH; ray;Edkifbl;? w0uf&S,f,mbJ ay;Edkifr,fvdkU....}}
'Dpum; udkbcefUudk uRefawmfajymjyaomtcg udkbcefUu oabmusygonf/
]]tqifoifhygbJ udkaqG? OD;ausmfvdkvleJU tpkpyfvkyf&rSmudk uRefawmf BudKufyg w,f...}}
]]'gjzifh cifAsm;wkdUcsif; awGUqkHNyD; ajymqdkMu...}}[kqdkNyD; OD;ausmfESifh udkcefU awGUay;
vdkufaomtcg rMuifomonf Zmwfum;twGuf rçwnfaiG wodef;xm;rnf/ 'gudk
udkbcefUu ig;aomif;? &Ir0u ig;aomif;/ pmcsKyfpmwrf;vkyfMurnf pDpOfMuaomtcg
udkbcefUu oabmusygonf/ odkUaomf olUvufxJrS ,ckig;aomif;r&Sdao;í yxrt&pf
taeESifh ESpfaomif;ig;axmif ,lxm;yg[k yPmrajymcJUNyD; aemufwaeUwGif udkbcefUu
OD;ausmftm; uRefawmfha&SUrSm aiGESpfaomif;ig;axmif ay;tyfonf/ ig;aomif;rjynfhao;
í pmcsKyfpmwrf;awmh rvkyfMuao;/
udkbcefUonf ,ck[m yxrtBudrf &kyf&Sif&dkufjcif;r[kwf/ olUrdwfaqGwa,muf ESifh
&S,f,mpyfí bD0rf;zvif;[k emrnfwyfum ]vSavcufav}Zmwfum;wum; &dufNyD;NyD/
vSavcufav Zmwfum; atmifjrifonf/ tjrwfaiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm; &vdkuf onf/
odkUaomf olUrdwfaqGESifh pdwf0rf;uGJMuí tpk&S,f,mudk cGJ,lcJUum olUzmomol
ukrÜPDwckaxmifrnf[k pdwful;cJUonf/ odkUaomf azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; q&mausmfESifh
awGUoGm;aomtcgrSm &Ir0&kyf&SifrSm &S,f,m0if&aom tjzpfodkU (acwå)a&mufoGm;&&Smyg
onf/
uJ...,cktajctaeü uRefawmfwdkU q&mwifhw,ftjzpfudk MunfhMuprf;yg/
a&Tjrifhrdk&f&kyf&SifrS usrtEkynmonfESifh rrxm;? &Ir0&kyf&SifrS vmvkvkai;ESifh rMuifom
onf/ rnfonfh 'g&dkufwmqDrSvnf; enf;emr,lbl;? Zmwfum;wum;rQvnf; vkyfudkifcJU
bl;jcif; r&Sdao;ygbJESifh Zmwfum;av;um;BuD; wNydKifeuf &dkuf&aom 'g&dkufwmonf
jrefrmjynfrSm &SdcJUygoavm/ urÇmrSmaum &Sdygoavm/ a[....&kyf&Sifq&mwkdU ajzMuprf;
yg/
þav;um;teuf okH;um;jyjzpfonf/ ]usrtEkynmonf}ESifh ]rrxm;}Zmwfum;
udkb,fhES,faeovJ[k OD;oef;aztm; uRefawmfar;Munfhaomtcg ]uRefawmfuawmh
BudKwifaiGawG &xm;vdkU r&IH;bl;As? e,fuuefx&dkufwmawGawm huGJukefw,fAs....?
uRefawmfh ukrÜPDvJ eHr,fysufoGm;w,fAs}[k ajzygonf/
]vmvkvkai;}Zmwfum;taMumif;um; ]OD;ausmfrnfaom ZGJowådcJ}aqmif;yg;wGif
azmfjycJUNyD;ygNyD/
]rMuifomonf}Zmwfum;udkum; ]vmvkvkai;}NyD;uwnf;u &dkufvufpBuD;ESifh onfb0
onfrQESifh awmfygawmh[k OD;ausmfu &yfypfvdkufawmh\/
wifhw,f\vufpGrf;udk yxrOD;qkH; tuJzrf;rdol
xdkvlum; udkbcefUjzpf\/ olonfOD;ausmftm; aiGESpfaomif;ig;axmifay;NyD;
ESpfvrQtMumü waeUwGif uRefawmfhtdrfodkU a&mufvm\/ olUxkH;pHtwdkif; olU*spfum;ESifh
&rfwykvif;ESifh bJuifwaumifESifh jzpfaomfvnf; cgwdkif;vdk olUrsufESmu r&Tifysyg/
aomufMu pm;Mu&if;rS olu pdwfysuf tm;aysmhaomtoHESifh pum;p\/
]]udkaqGUawmh tyluyf&tkH;rSmbJ...}}
]]bmrsm;vJ udkbcefU...}}
]]OD;ausmfqDu aiGESpfaomif; ig;axmifudk jyefvdkcsifw,fAsm...}}
uRefawmfrSm tHUtm;oifhoGm;vsuf...
]]Asm..bmjzpfvdkUvJ..}}
]]cifAsm;vlBuD; aomufokH;rusygbl;}}
]][if OD;ausmf bmjzpfvdkUvJ}}
]]Od;ausmfajymwm r[kwfygbl;? wifhw,f[m &kyf&SifrS r&dkufwwfwmbJ}}
]]b,fhES,f? bDabbDt,fvf Advyfjyef pma&;q&mBuD;bJAsm}}
]]bDat bDt,fvf Advyfjyefpma&;q&meJU &kyf&Sif&dkufwmbmqdkifvJAs}}
]]at;av cifAsm;wdkU b,foluqdkifw,fajymvdkU wifhw,fudk tvkt,uf 'g&dkufwm
vkyfckdif;aeMuwmwkef;}}
]]ajymwwfygbl;Asm}}
]]uRefawmfajymwwfygw,f? ]olrsm;a,mifvdkU aygif tarmifawmifrSef; ajrmuf
rSef;rod}ygbJ}}
]][kwfygw,fAsm? uRefawmftcka&Tjrifhrdk&frSm ol&dkufwmawG oGm;avhvmMunfhawmh
&kwfwrf;awGbJ? vluvJ um;&dkufwkef;rSmbJ rl;aevdkufwmayvdkU}}
]]cifAsm;tpu wifhw,f aomufwwfrSef;rodbl;vm;}}
]]'Dvdk vkyfief;cGifrSmawmh aomufvdrfhr,f rxifrdygbl;Asm? ckjzifh 'ku©a&mufawmh rSmbJ?
]rMuifomonf}rSm uRefawmf &S,f,mrygcsifawmhbl;Asm? uRefawmfhaiG OD;ausmfqD
ujyefawmif;ay;yg udkaqG&m? &SdBuD;cdk;yg&JU}}
udkbcefUBuD;udk uRefawmfoem;pdwfay:vm\/
]]at;av? uRefawmf OD;ausmfudk ajymMunfhr,f}}
]]ajymwJUtcgrSm wifhw,f&dkufwm rBudKufvkdUqdkwmudk rodygapeJU? wifhw,f&dkuf
wJUum;awGu rsm;aeawmh MumrSmpdk;vdkU uRefawmfhaiGu twdk;eJUacs;&wmrdkU ratmifhEdkif
vdkU vdkUajymjyygaemf..}}
]aumif;ygNyD cifAsm}}
odkUESifh udkbcefU\qE´udk OD;ausmftm; ajymjyaomtcg OD;ausmfu 0rf;omtm;& yif....
]]tm;...BudKufygw,fAsm? uRefawmfh&Ir0&kyf&SifrSm olvdkvl &S,f,mygwmvJ rvdkvm;
ygbl;}}
]]'gjzifh olUaiG ESpfaomif;ig;axmif jyefay;vdkufaygh}}
]]ay;r,fAsm? 'gayr,fh}}qdkí olacwåpOf;pm;NyD;rS ]]aiGawGu tvkyfxJ0ifoGm;NyDjzpf
avawmh ESpfaomif;ig;axmifudk wcgxJray;Edkifbl;? wvig;axmifpD ig;vay;r,fvdkU
ajymvdkufyg}}
'DtajzMum;&awmh udkbcefUuvnf; qkH;NyD;om;aiG jyef&ouJUodkU 0rf;omoGm; onf/
]]b,fenf;eJUjzpfjzpf jyef&&if awmfygNyDAsm}}
,if;odkUjzifh udkbcefUonf OD;ausmfqDu aiG jyef&bdkUaocsmawmh olUwGifaemuf xyf
&SdvmaomaiGESifh rçwnfum olUudk,fydkifukrÜPDESifh Zmwfum;&dkuf&ef pDrHavonf/
olUukrÜPDemrnf olay;vdkufonfu ]bDokH;vkH;}wJU/ ola&T;cs,fonfu om"k\ ]waZmuf
uef;}0w¬K/ 'DemrnfBuD; raumif;ygbl;qdkí om"k0w¬xJu Zmwfvdkufemrnf jr'ifudk
,lum Adkvfjr'if/ udkbcefUonf wifhw,f&dkufwm MunfhNyD; uwnf;u w&m;usvm[ef
wlyg\/
]]&kyf&Sif&dkufwmrSm 'g&dkufwmu ta&;BuD;qkH;As? 'g&dkufwmuawmh pdwfcs&wmxJu
iSm;rSbJ? OD;csif;pdef b,fhES,fvJAs}}
]][m....aumif;wmayghAsm}}
]]rif;om; rif;orD;awm hemrnfBuD; aomif;ausmfawGudk riSm;Edkifbl;AsKdU? uRefawmfhrSm aiGu
av;ig;ajcmufaomif;avmuf&Sdwm? uRefawmfhukrÜPDu topfqdk awmh e,fu
bkwfuifawGvJ vmrSmr[kwfzl;? 'gaMumifh rif;om;rif;orD;topfudk wifr,fAsm}}
]]cifAsm; pdwful;xm;wm &Sdyvm;}}
]]&SdNyD? rif;orD;u}}[kqdkNyD; ]]udkaqG? cifAsm;r&DeJUaemf}}
]]tvdk...uRefawmfu bmaMumifh &D&rSmwkef;}}
]]uRefawmfhrdef;r rjr&Dudk pdwful;w,fAsm}}qdkNyD; olu&,faeojzifh..
]]b,fhES,f? uRefawmfhawmh r&DeJUqdkNyD; cifAsm;u bmaMumifh&Daeowkef;}}
]]tJ'g jzpfyghrvm;}}
]]olU&kyf&nfu ajymp&mr&Sdygbl;? trlt&maumif;&if jzpfEdkifwmayghAs? tJ-wckawmh
ajym&tkH;r,f? rjr&D &kyf&Sif&dkufaewkef;rSm cifAsm;uawmh olUudkr&dkufeJUAs}}
taMumif;rSm udkbcefUonf r,m;i,fi,fav; ,lxm;NyD; olt&ufrl;vQif aumifrav;udk
tvGef&dkufwwfoljzpfyg\/
]]EdkUNyD; rif;om;uaum...}}
]]xGef;a0 xGef;a0udk udkaqGodvm;}}
xdkpOftcgu udkxGef;a0onf NAdwdoQbm;rm;rS Zmwfum;tcsKdUwGif Zmwf&HrQ acwå cP
ygbl;ao;\/ udkxGef;a0udk uRefawmfodonfrSm ol&efukefra&mufrDu jzpf\/
1951-ckESpf? uRefawmf q&mjrrsKd;vGif\tdrfwGif aepOf &kyf&nfacsmarmaom
vl&G,fESpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD; olwkdUrEåav;NrdKUrSm jyZmwfucsifí ZmwfnTef;wyk'f
avmuf a&;ay;prf;yg[k ajym\/ xdkpOf &efukefrSm uRefawmfh jyZmwfwcku 0if;0if;&kHwGif
uNyD;wm rMumao;/ odkUESifh uRefawmfu a&;ay;ygrnf[k ajymvdkufaomfvnf; olwkdU
aemufxyfay:rvmMuawmh/ tvkyfrjzpfMu/ þESpfa,mufteuf wa,mufu
udkxGef;a0? wa,mufu udkaZmf0if;? udkaZmf0if;onf udkxGef;a0xuft&if &kyf&Sifrif;om;
jzpfoGm;í at0rf;ukrÜPDrS ]om;a&Ta'gif;awmif}Zmwfum;udk acgif;aqmifrif;om;tjzpf
ESifh &dkufcJUbl;\/
udkxGef;a0um; uRefawmf&efukefodkU jyefa&mufvmaomtcg wreuf olUtazmf
wa,mufESifh uRefawmfhtdrfa&mufvmNyD; olUtBuHtpnfudk ajymjy\/ olpdwful;onfrSm
pmapmifemrnfu ]0w¬KaeUpOf}wJUcifAs/ aeUpOf0w¬Kwdkwyk'f? ESpfyk'fESifh tcef;quf0w¬K
&Snfygaom pmapmifudk owif;pmuJUodkU aeUpOf xkwfa0oGm;rnfwJU/ 'gaMumifh pma&;
q&mawG pkHatmif 0w¬Kvdkufawmif;rnfwJU/
uRefawmfu ]]aumif;Asm? vkyfaygh? uRefawmfwwfEdkifoavmuf a&;ay;yghr,f}}[k
ajymvdkuf&\/
odkUaomf olUykHpHum; jrefrmjynfrSmvJ ray:ao;/ urÇmrSmvJr&Sdojzifh olvJ rvkyfjzpf/
,if;rS udkxGef;a0ESifh uRefawmf tqufjywfoGm;jyefav&m waeUoü NAdwdoQbm; rm;
&kyf&SifNcHxJwGif a&T'kH;bDatmif\ ]rmvm&D} &kyf&Sifum; &dkufae&modkU uRefawmfESifh
&Ir0OD;ausmf a&muf&SdoGm;aomtcg udkxGef;a0tm; q&ma&T'kH;bDatmifaemufu
zdkifuav;ydkufí Zmwfvrf; rSwfwrf;vdkufa&;aeonfudk awGU&jyefawmh\/ OD;ausmfonf
xdkpOfuwnf;u &kyf&Sif&dkufonfrsm;udk avhvmaeoljzpf\/ olac:oGm;íyif þNAdwdoQ
bm;rm; NcHxJodkU uRefawmfygoGm;jcif;jzpf\/
OD;ausmfonf udkxGef;a0tm; q&mokc&dkufonfh ]onfaqmif;a[ref}ZmwfwGif
jrifhjrifhcif\armiftjzpfESifh o&kyfaqmifonfudk jrif&uwnf;u oabmusae\/
]pum;ajym jywfom;w,f? 'dkif,mavmhaumif;w,fAs} [kcsD;rGrf;\/
þtaMumif;udk uRefawmfonf udkbcefUtm;ajymjyNyD;-
]]tck &Ir0u &dkufaewJU ]vmvkvkai;}xJrSmawmif udkxGef;a0udk q&m0eftjzpfeJU
Zmwf&HokH;xm;ao;w,f}}
]][m...uRefawmfawmh xGef;a0udk wcgxJ rif;om;wifvdkufawmhr,fAsm...}}
udkbcefUonf tm;&yg;&BuD; ajymcsvdkufav\/
cgawmfcsdefoifh? yef;ES,fyGifh\/ udkxGef;a0onf þwum;wnf;ESifhyif tu,f'rD
&íemrnf w[kefxdk;wdkufoGm;avonf/ udkbcefUvnf; þ]Adkvfjr'if}Zmwfum;ESifhaiGawG
tvGef&í bDokH;vkH;&kyf&Sif BuD;yGm;avownf;/
,if;ü pm&Iolonf udkxGef;a0rif;om;jzpfvmykH? &Ir0OD;ausmf'g&dkufwm jzpfvmykH?
prf;prf;at; rif;orD;jzpfvmykHwkdUudk taMumif;tusKd;qifjcifí Munfhapvdkygonf/
rSefaomaA'if
pifppf uRefawmfonf aA'ifvu©Pmudk 0goemryg/ ydkufqHukefcHí ar;jref;avh&Sd
olr[kwf/ odkU&mwGif þynmudk avhvmoifMum;aeol? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKvdkolwkdU
onf uRefawmfESifh tcGifhBuKHygu pma&;q&mjzpfaom uRefawmfhvu©Pmudk MunfhvdkMu
onf/ pl;prf;vdkMuonf/ a[mudef;xkwfí olwkdUynmpGrf; jyvdkMuonf/ uRefawmfowdjyK
rdorQ olwkdUonf trSefBuD;vnf;&Sd\/ trSefav;vnf;&Sd\/ wufwufpifatmif vGJwm
vnf;&Sd\/
vGefcJUaom aEG&moD {NyDvtwGif;u uRefawmfESifhtdrfcsif;ausmcsif;uyfaeaom
AdkvfBuD;Munfuawmf? a':Munfu ]]OD;aqG? cPvmprf;yg}}[k vSrf;ac:ojzifh olwkdUtdrfxJ
a&mufawmh tom;jzLjzLESifh vli,fwa,mufudk rdwfqufay;\/
]]olu armifodef;atmifwdkU tjrwfawmfcGef&kH;u pma&;ausmfrsKd;xGef;yg? OD;aqG vu©Pmudk
MunfhcsifvdkUwJU}}
xdkoli,fonf þynmudk tawmfBudK;pm;ae[ef&Sdygonf/ olUwGifvu©PmMunfh &ef
ypönf;tpkHygonf/ puúLay:wGif uRefawmfhvu©Pmudk b,fa&mnma&m ,lNyD;aemuf
ESpfa,mufxJ tdrftay:xyfwufí a[mygonf/
twdwfudka[m&mü ]]q&mrSef&ifrSefw,f? rSm;&ifrSm;w,f ajymygq&m? uRefawmfh
udktm;remygeJU}}[k ajymygonf/ olUa[mcsufawGrSm rSefwmrsm;ygonf/
tem*wfudk a[m&mü uRefawmfonf 1919-ckESpf? arvzGm;jzpfí xdkaA'if a[mcsdefu
55-ESpf? arvausmfvQif 56-ESpfxJa&mufum Mumomyaw;N*dKvfxJ0ifNyDjzpfí a&SUtzdkU
tvGefaumif;awmhrnf? onfhxufemrnfBuD;OD;rnf? 0ifaiGvnf;aumif;rnf ponfjzifh
taumif;awGcsnf; a[mNyD;aemuf....
]]'gayr,fh q&ma&m....N*dKvful;ç N*dKvfajymif;av;rSmawmh eJeJtEå&m,f&Sdw,f? 0rf;Adkufudk
Oyg'fay;vdrfhr,f}}
[,f...aomufusKd;eJcifAsm.../ ola[mwJU aumif;r,fh[mawG? aemuf rrSefcsif&Sd& r,f?
ZGefvqef; w&ufaeUrSm uRefawmf0rf;udkufyga&mcifAsm/ cPç cP aemufaz;tdk;
ay:xkdif&? oGm;vdkufawmh wpuf ESpfpuf/ tpm;ysufttdyfysuf/ t*Fvdyf jrefrm ESpfjzm
aom aq;0g;rsm;ESifh ukoygaomfvnf; awmfawmfESifhraysmuf/ xdkUaMumifh vGefcJUaom
Zlvdkifv &Ir0wGif ]uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif;} ra&;EdkifcJUawmh/ wvrjywfpdrfhiSm
uRefawmf BudK;pm;Munfhao;aomfvnf; OD;aESmufu rMunf? udk,fvuft*FgawGu cGeftm;
r&Sd? pdwfu rvef;qef;/
cgwdkif; ay;aeustcsdef vqef; 10-&ufausmfawmh t,f'Dwm armifjrifhjrwfu
zkef;qufíawmif;\/ uRefawmfhjzpfaxG ajymjyí ]]'gayr,fh igBudK;pm;wkef;ygbJuGm...
av;ig;&ufavmuf apmifhygtkH;}}
odkUaomf 17-&ufaeUa&mufawmh...
]]armifjrifhjrwfa&...igvufajrSmufvkdufNyDuGm..}}[k ajymvdkuf&awmh\/
uRefawmfhpma&;q&m oufwmwGif þrQavmuf &uf&Snfatmif pma&;ysufcJU
onfr&Sdao;/
ygaeus vpOfudk wvysufvdkuf&awmh uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmftjypfwifrd\/
Munfhprf;? arvtwGif;u a&;Edkif&ufom;ESifh &ufrsm;pGm tcsdefjzKef;cJUrdonfudk aemifw&
cJUonf/ aemufqdk&ifawmh a&;p&m wm0ef&Sdonfudk tcsdefvdkao;wmyJ[k qdkif;rxm;
awmhbJ pma&;EdkifonfESifh wNydKifeuf a&;vdkufawmhrSmbJ[k qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkuf\/
odkUESifh ZGefv 25 &ufavmufwGif a&m*goufomvmí vlwjznf;jznf; jyefvnf
vef;qef;pjyKonfwGif 29 &ufaeUeHeufwGifum; uRefawmfpma&;awmhrnf[k ]]ara&
'DaeUreuf aps;oGm;uGm? igpmyGJ apmapmxdkifawmhr,f}}[k ajymvdkuf\/
ar aps;odkUxGufoGm;avNyD/
uRefawmf pma&;pmyGJwGif xdkifavNyD/
odkUaomf pma&;wJUtvkyfu awmfawmfMum jzwfxm;NyD; jyefa&;awmh csufjcif;
t&Sdefr&wwfzl;cifAs/ ,cif emrusef;jzpfpOfu armifjrifhjrwfqDu zkef;vmí uRefawmf
BudK;pm;a&;om;xm;aom okH;rsufESmudk jyefzwfMunfhawmhvnf; udk,fh[mudk,f vkH;0
rBudKuf/ tcktopf jyefa&;&rSmbJ[k uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (22)[k acgif;pOfwyfNyD;
awmhvnf; bmu pa&;&rnfrod jzpfaebd\/ azmifwdefudk puúLESifhrwdkUEdkifbJ tawmf
MumBuD; ilaeNyD;aemuf? tenf;i,fvrf;avQmufrnf[k xdkif&mrS xvdkuf\/ udk,fhudk,fudk
vnf; igpma&;q&mrS [kwfygavawmhvm;[k atmufarhrd\/
a*smfuD
a*smfuDonf uRefawmfwdkUtdrfrS acG;jzpf\/ uRefawmfhudk oltifrwefcspf\/
uRefawmfpma&;vQif uRefawmfhpmyGJatmufrSm tdyfae\/ uRefawmftdrfay:wufvQif
tdrfay:vdkuf\/ uRefawmfxrif;pm;vQif uRefawmfhukvm;xdkifem;rSm xdkif\/ uRefawmf
tjyifxGufvQif uRefawmfu ]]a*smfuD rvdkufeJU? jyefawmh}}[k rajymrcsif; vdkuf\/
þacG;udk uRefawmfwkdUi,fpOfu arG;&onfr[kwf/ rlvarhtudk udkcifarmifat; \
acG;jzpf\/ udkcifarmifat;onf tvkHwGif opfawmrif;BuD;tvkyfESifh ae&mrS
ygarmu©(opfawm)tjzpfESifh &efukefwuúodkvfodkU ajymif;&onfü oxkHausmif;aqmif
tay:xyfrSmae&ojzifh acG;arG;í rjzpfawmhay/ xdkUaMumifholUnDr ]a':acG;cspf}qD
a&mufvmjcif;jzpf\/
a*smfuD uRefawmfwkdUtdrfa&mufawmh tcgvnfausmfom;&SdaeayNyD/ a'gufawmif
qkyfrQ&Sdaom acG;yk? ajcwdk? arG;&SnfrsKd;/ wudk,fvkH; qGwfqGwfjzLNyD; acgif;wckxJ
uGufrJae\/ em;&Gufukyf\/ rsufvkH;jym\/ jrifolwdkif;u ]][,f...cspfp&mav;}}[k ajym
wwfMu\/ tcsKdUu olUudkom;pyfvdkMu\/
a*smfuDonf ArmacG;rsKd;r[kwfacs/ odkUaomf rpifudkawmh usKyfwkdUArmacG;awGxuf
BudKuf\/ xdkUaMumifh wcgtdrfomwGif;xJ usav&m uRefawmfwkdUrSm vGefpGm 'ku©rsm;cJU&
\/
uRefawmfwdkUtdrfrSm a&avmif;usif;tdrfom/ usif;rSm &dk;&dk;wGif;qdkvQif <uufawG u
azmufvGef;vdkU wcgwnf;ESifh tMumBuD;okH;&atmif a&xGufvkeD;yg; teufBuD;wl;NyD;
<uufrazmufEdkifatmif tay:,H av;ayausmfudk tkwft*Fawudkifxm;&\/ t0udk
tkwft*Fawtjym;BuD; zkH;xm;\/ vlxdkifbdkU tkwft*FawckHa&m? usif;wl;cygaiG 300d
ausmfukef\/
a*smfuDa&mufNyD; ajcmufvrQtMum waeUoü a*smfuDaysmufvsuf tdrfomusif; xJrS
wZGufZGuf acG;a&ul;oHMum;&\/ bom;acsmonf ,dkaygufrS rpifukef;EIduf&if;
acsmíavQmusoGm;jcif;wnf;/
uJ...acG; taoxm;rvm;? zkH;xm;aom tkwft*Fawjym;BuD; zGifhNyD; q,frnfvm;/
a':acG;cspfu qwfqwfvl;/ olUacG;taorxm;Edkifygbl;? 'gjzifh ig;ayywfvnfESifh
vufw0g;rQxlaom wGif;EIwfcrf;ESifh t*Fawtom;udkufaeonfh tzkH;BuD;udkzGifh&ef
t&yfulyg vlxyfyg[k tdrfeD;yg;em;rsm;udk ac:&awmh\/ oHwl&Tif;awG? ukwfawG?
aygufjym;awG &Sm&\/ yxrwGif;EIwfcrf;ESifh tzkH;t*Fawom;udkufaeonfudk oHwl&Gif;
rsm;ESifh xdk;cGmNyD;rS a,mufsm;av;ig;a,muftm;ESifh ukwfESifhaumfí zGifh&\/ yifyef;BuD;
pGmhwum;/ odkUaomfwzuf 0if;x&Hu cHaeojzifh vdkcsifoavmuf zGifhír&/ awmifqkyf
rQom yGifh\/ tif;...þtaygufESifhyif q,f&ayawmhrnf/
a&wGif;avmufeD;yg; eufaewmbJ/ txJbmrQrjrif&/ vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESpfvufESifh
xdk;MunfhawmhrS acG;pkwfwudk,fvkH;rNyD; wGif;xJywfywfcsmvnf a&ul;ae\/ yg;pyfu
vnf; wtD;tD;ESifh vludktulac:ae\/
aEG&moDrdkU wGif;uvnf;tvGefeufae\/ acG;ul;ykHMunfhí a&uacG;w&yfomom
awmh&SdykHay:\/
tu,fí taygufudk vdkoavmufom zGifh&rnfqdkygu tdrfawG a&eHacs;okwf
aomavSum;ESifh uRefawmfqif;q,frnfjzpf\/ ,ckawmh taygufuavSum;csNyD;
vlrqif;om/ xdkUaMumifh BudK;uGif;avQmcs\/ odkUaomfþenf;onfrjzpfay/ acG;onf
olUacgif;udk BudK;uGif;pGyfrcH/ yg;pyfESifh udkuf\/ vufESifhwG,f\/ þodkUjzpfí tay:odkU
qGJMunfhaomf wawmifavmuf ajrmufvQif jyKwfjyKwfus\/ acG;yg;pyfonf acG;udk,fNrJ
atmif cHEdkifonf r[kwf/
xdkUaMumifh wenf;BuH&\/ MuufOusif;vkyf&ef aps;trIdufykHrS uRefawmf,lcJUaom
Zaumomom t0us,fonfh wxGmavmuf aZmuf&Sdaom oif;abmoD;jcif;udk
BudK;av;bufqdkif;NyD; cs&\/ onfawmhrS acG;aumifu wG,fwufí olUudk,fjcif;xJ
a&mufonfü qGJwif&\/
acG;wGif;0eD;vmawmh teHUuvnf; qdk;0g;vmí tulvlrsm; a0;&modkU&SJMu\/
uRefawmfESifh aromr&GHr&SmEdkifbJ/
jcif;udk rlvu apmif;cs&í ,ckacG;ygvmaomtcg taygufu qGJwifír&awmh/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu acG;udkayGU,l&rnf/ tay:a&mufvQif acG;u olUudk,fudk cgvdrfh
rnfjzpfonfhtwGuf arhtm; ]]rif; cyfa0;a0;oGm;NyD; a[m'DBudK;udk qGJxm;a[h...}}
acG;udk ayGUcsDwifvdkufí vTwfvdkufaomtcg xifonfhtwdkif;yif olUudk,fudk
cgvdkufonfü tom;jzLaom uRefawmfhwudk,fvkH;onf rsufESmygrJarSmifí oGm;av\/
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwdkU aeUpOfokH;í oGefcsxm;aom rpifa&wdkUonf tdrfomusif;xJü
ykHqGJrifuJUodkU rJeufNyD;yspfcRJae\/ acG;jzLvnf;acG;euf? uRefawmfvnf; vleufjzpfoGm;Mu
ojzifh tm;emp&maumif;vSaom tulvlwdkUrSm yifyef;&GH&SmMuonfhtxJrS [m;uGuf&oGm;
Muí uRefawmf0rf;omrdygao;onf/
pifppf a*smfuD\toufudk u,f&onfrSm vlig;a,mufajcmufa,muf/
odkUaomf olonfusif;xJrS qGJ,lol? tayguf0rS ayGUwifol? olUrsufjrif uRefawmfh
wa,mufudkom olUtodOmPfrSm&Sdvsuf a*smfuDonf xdkaeUrSpNyD; uRefawmfhudk tvGef
cspfcif&Smonf/ acG;ayrifh toufocif aus;Zl;&Sif[k olodayonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfh
tem;rS rcGmbJaewwfNyD;? oGm;av&mudk vdkufwwfonf/
uRefawmfwkdUuHMur®m
azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; ZGefv 29 &uf? paeaeUreufu uRefawmf pma&;awmhrnf [k
pmyGJwGifxdkifí rdrdudk,frdrd ]ig...aomfwmaqGrS [kwfyg&JUvm;}[k xif&avmufatmif
acgif;xJwNyKHBuD;&Sdygvsuf? vufu bmpma&;&rSef;rodjzpfaeum awGa0ai;rIdifae&mrS
cPawmh enf;enf;vrf;avQmufOD;rnf[k tdrfa&SUxGufcJUonfü a*smfuDu uRefawmfh
ajcaxmufESifh uyfygvmcJUonf/
uRefawmfhtdrfESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkiftdrfrSm tdrfa&StzDxkwfí rkHU[if;cg;qdkif zGifhxm; onf/
rkHU[if;cg; pm;aeMuaomvlrsm;xJrS uRefawmfhrdwfaqGwa,mufu..
]]udkaqG..vmAsKdU? rkHU[if;cg;pm;? b,fhES,f 0rf;udkufwm}}
]]aysmufoGm;NyDAs uRefawmf'DaeUbJpma&;awmhrvdkU}}
]]aumif;ygavAsm? vmAsm...rkHUpm;&atmif}}
]]uRefawmfpma&;r,fh reufqdk&if Adkufav;r,fhtpm rpm;bl;? aumfzDwcGufyJ
aomufw,f}}
xdkpOfü a*smfuDonf rkHU[if;cg;qdkifem; vmaomacG;eDav;waumifudk vdkufudkuf onf/
acG;eDav;u vGwfatmifajy;onf/ uRefawmf [dkvlESifhpum;jzwfNyD; ]][JU...a*smfuD
jyefcJU}}[k ac:aomtcg csufcsif;jyefvmonf/ uRefawmfhajcaxmufem;a&mufawmh
olxdkifcsvdkufNyD;? olUNrD;'l;ol wtif;tif;ESifh jyefudkufaeonf/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJ 'Daumif
olUtaru a&rjywf csKd;ay;ae&ufom;eJU b,fhES,f 0Joef;pGJae&ygvdrfh[k atmufarhrd
onf/
aronf olUudk,fol tdrf&SdacG;rsm;? aMumifrsm;\ tar[kqdkvsuf a*smfuDudk txl;
*&kwpdkuf auR;arG;jyKpkojzifh a*smfuD\udk,fonf jzLazG;oefUpifvsuf tvGef0onf/
jrifolwdkif;u ESpfoufMuonf/
,ck olUNrD;'l;ol jyefudkufaeonfrSm MumvSojzifh uRefawmfu ]][JU....a*smfuD.. awmfawmh?
igtdrfxJjyefawmhr,f? vm...vdkufcJU}}[kqdkí uRefawmfuoGm;awmh olaemuf rS
vdkufawmhvdkufygonf/ odkUaomufaemufajcESpfcku '&GwfqGJvsuf a&SUvsufESpfacsmif;
om axmufEdkifawmhonf/ rkHU[if;cg;qdkif&Sd vlwdkif;tHUtm;oifhMuonf/ xdkpOf udkazodef;
vnf; rkHU[if;cg;pm; a&mufvmí...
]]udkaqG..cifAsm;acG;bmjzpfwmvJAs}}
]]rodbl;As...cke taumif;bJ}}
vltrsm; tHUMopGm 0dkif;MunfhaeMupOf? a*smfuDonf aemufajc '&GwfqGJESifh
a&SUvufESpfacsmif;om vSrf;vsuf tdrfxJ0if&m wHcg;0&Sdwef;udk rausmfEdkifbJ jzpfaeaom
aMumifh uRefawmfu olU&ifywfudk ayGUcsDí ,lcJU&\/ tdrfatmufa&mufvQif olUudkcsvdkuf
NyD; ajcESpfacsmif;udkqGJum zspfnSpfay;\/ odkUaomf...r&/ '&GwfqGJu rx/
uRefawmfhpdwfxif vlrsm;ajcusifovdk acwåcPtaMumqGJoGm;wm? rMumrD
jyefaumif;oGm;mrSmbJ[k atmufarhvsuf olUtm;xm;cJUNyD; pma&;pmyGJjyefxkdif\/
pm&Gufudkjyif\/ azmifwdefudk zGifh\/ odkUaomf awmfawmfMumonfhwdkif pmwvkH;rQ rifu
rxGuf/ ]][if...ig tESpftpdwfausmf pmawGrjywf a&;cJUw,fqdkwm r,kHEdkifp&m jzpfaeyg
aumvm;}}[k rdrdudk,frdrd pdwfxJuajymrdonf/ xdkpOfwGif a*smfuDonf uRefawmfhpmyGJ
atmuf a&mufvmí opfom;wef;udk w*spf*spfudkufaeojzifh ]]pma&;r&wJUtxJ 'DacG;u
warSmifh}}[k olUudk,fudkrçcsDí aemufaz;buf MuufNcHem; oGm;csxm;vdkuf\/
uRefawmfonf pmyGJjyefxdkifvnf; pmra&;EdkifbJ idkifNrJidkifae\/ xdkpOf opfom;udk
acG;udkufoHMum;jyefí aemufzufvSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh a*smfuDonf a&ujyifatmuf
a&mufaeum olUvrf;wGif awGU&mopfom;wdkifudk udkufNyD; aemufajc'&GwfqGJESifh a&SUvuf
wGm;um uRefawmfhtdrfaemufzufodkU r&yfrem; xGufoGm;ygavawmh\/
onfawmhrS onfacG;awmh wckckvkyf&efvdkvmNyD[k uRefawmf odí tdrfay:u
om;wa,muftm; vSrf;ac:NyD;...
]]a[haumif...a*smfuDaemuf vdkufoGm;? jyefac:vmcJUNyD; tdrfatmufrSm oHBudK;eJU csnfxm;?
eifhtar aps;ujyefvm&if wd&pämefukaq;&kH ydkUoifhydkU&rSmbJ}}
a*smfuDum; tdrfrS ayw&mausmfavmuf a&mufoGm;í 0if;x&Hwckudk auGUvdkuf ojzifh
uRefawmfhrsufpdatmufrS aysmufoGm;avNyD/ uRefawmfonf pma&;pmyGJrSm xdkifí
idkifvsufygbJ/ xdkodkU pma&;r&Edkif &Sdae&onfhtxJ uRefawmfhom; cifarmifpdk; acG;aemuf
vdkufoGm;wmMumNyD? ckwdkif jyefra&mufao;ygvm;[k pdwfxJ ZEdk;Zaemifh jzpfvmaom
aMumifh xdkif&mrxçNyD; tdrfaemufaz;buf vdkufoGm;rdjyefawmhonf/
ausmbuf&Sd AdkvfBuD;Munf\ tdrf0if;x&Haxmifhudk ausmfvGefaomtcg vrf;usOf;
av;xJrSm uRefawmfhom;onf acG;tm; uav;rsm;ESifh 0dkif;tkHMunfhaeonfudk awGU&ojzifh
]]a[haumif...bmvdkU 'DavmufMumaewmvJuG? tdrfjyef,lcJUygqdkwmudk...}}
om;onf rsufESmudk &IHUwGvsuf...
]]uRefawmfhudkufvdkU 'uf'D&JU}}[k olUajcovkH;rSm aoG;pdkUaeonfudkjy\/ xdktcg
uRefawmfu...
]]'gjzifh z,fMuuGm? igbJ,lcJUr,f}}qdkNyD; a*smfuDhudk,fudk olvufjyifESpfzufatmuf rSrçí
,lcJUonf/ rMumyg ajcav;ç ig;vSrf;rQ vSrf;&ao;onf/ a*smfuDhyg;pyfonf
aemufzufjyefvSnfhvkdufNyD; uRefawmfhnmbufvufrudk 0g;vdkufygavawmh\/
]]'DacG;..ighyg aqmfy[}}[k atmfNyD; atmufvTwfcsvkdufonf/ uRefawmfhvufrum;
aoG;aigufawmuf yef;avNyD/
uRefawmfonf acG;\ykHoP²mefudk Munfhonf/ ocifrSef;rodawmhNyDjzpf&um;...
]]'DacG; &l;NyDa[h..owfypfMuawmh}}[k trdefUxkwfvdkuf&awmh\/
odkUwkdifrnfolrQ rvIyfr&Sm; aeMujyefojzifh uRefawmfhom;tm; ]]oGm;...cifarmifpdk;?
AdkvfBuD;MunftdrfrSm aygufjym;BuD;&Sdw,f? ,lNyD;taESmifheJU xkowfvdkuf...}}
atmifr,f....'Daumifu udk,fhtdrfuacG;rdkU rowf&uf[k tifwifwifvkyfae&m..
]][aumif&? 'g[m..a0'emqdk; cHpm;ae&wJU 'DacG;twGufa&m 'dkUvlawGtwGuf a&m
owf&rSmuG...? ighvufu ckrqkyfEdkif rudkifEdkifjzpfaevdkUaygh? EdkUr[kwf&if igudk,fwdkif
owfrSmuG}}
xdkpOf AdkvfBuD;Munf\om; nDaemif? 'grsKd;qdk tifrweftm;udk;&aom oufoufESifh
qufquf aygufjym;BuD;qJGNyD; olwdkUtdrf0if;xJrS xGufvmojzifh...
]][kwfNyD qufquf? wcsufxJeJU toufxGufatmif tkwfqufudk xkuGm..}}
okH;av;csufESifhyif a*smfuD toHrjrnfEdkifbJ pefUíoGm;avawmh\/
]]uJ...cifarmifpdk;? 'dkUNcHxJqGJoGm;NyD; tdrfa&SUu tkef;yifatmufrSm rif;tar jyefra&mufcif
jrKyfuGm? oljrif&if idkawmfrlaetkH;r,f}}
uRefawmfhvufrrSm aoG;awGxGufvdkufonf tvGefbJ/ 'Pf&mb,fESpfayguf rSef;awmif
rjrif&/ qufqufu "mwfqDESifhe,fNyD; t0wfpESifh ywfwD;pnf;ay;rS aoG;us &yfoGm;\/
uRefawmfhrSm udk,fhvufu 'Pf&mMunfh&if; 0rf;enf;yufvuf jzpf&awmhonf/
wvavmuf pmra&;EdkifjzpfcJUwm tck0rf;udkufaysmufí a&;rnfBudK;pm;aewkef;rS rdepf
ydkif;? twGif;rSm acG;udkufcH&onf/ 'D'Pf&maMumifh b,favmufMum pmra&;EdkifbJ jzpfae
OD;rnfenf;/ ]awmuf}a*smfuD&,f? rif;raeEdkifvdkU udkuf&wm b,fbufvufrçqdk&if
jywfoGm;awmif igrESajrmygbl;uGm? ckawmholeJU pma&;ae&wJU nmbufvufrçrS}}[k
pdwfxJrS a&&Gwfrd\/
uRefawmfhrSm pmra&;Edkifonfudk pdwfraumif;qkH; jzpfygonf/ acG;&l;udkufcH&olwkdU \
xkH;pHtwdkif; 0rf;AdkufwGif aq;q,fhav;csuf aeUpOf&ufquf xdk;&rnfudk onfavmuf
rrIyg/
xdkUtjyif uRefawmfhtvkyfrSm udk,fh0w¬Kaqmif;yg;awG a&;&&kHom ruao;? aomfwmaqG
pmayoifwef;[k pmay;pm,loifwef;vnf; zGifhxm;ygojzifh tck 0rf;udkuf onftwGif;
zwfp&m/ jyefp&mpmawG ta<u;wifaevdkufwmav qefwcGJomom0ifrnfh
jcif;awmif;ESifh tjynfh&SdaeygNyD/ uJtckwcg acG;&l;udkufwmESifh qufvufNyD; aemufrnfrQ
Mum pmra&;Edkif jzpfaeygOD;rnfenf;/ 'DtwGif; pm;bdkUaomufzdkUu rnfodkUBuH&ygrnf
enf;/ uRefawmfhwGif ikwfwkwfpmom&Sdí pma&;pmyGJ rxdkifEdkifaomtcg r&Sdyg/
tck vufiif;u oufjyif;csNyD; aq;&kHoGm;bdkUbJ &SdawmhwmbJ/ b,faq;&kH oGm;&
ygrnfenf;/ &efukefwGif ,cifutxl;oD;oefUxm;aom acG;&l;udkufaq;&kHvnf; r&Sdawmh
NyD/
AdkvfMunfudk ar;Munfhawmh...
]]tif;pdef wd&pämefaq;&kHudk oGm;aygh udkaqG&JU}}qdkojzifh acG;aoaumifvJ jrKyfNyD;?
ratBuD;vJ aps;ujyefa&mufvmí p&dwfpuawmif;NyD; om;tzESpfa,muftdrfrS xGufcJU
Mu&awmh\/ cifarmifpdk; ndKUousnf;rSmawmh 'Pf&modyfr&Sdyg/ tpG,fjcpf&m aoG;pdkU&kH
av;bJ/ odkUaomfacG;&l;NyD; umuG,fa&;aq;awmh uRefawmfhenf;wl xdk;&rnf/ uRefawmfh
vufrçuawmh wzsOf;zsOf; emusifvsuf/
odkUESifh tif;pdefvrf;rBuD; a&mufawmh tqifoifhbJ pD;olrygaom tpdk;& av;bD; um;jym
okH;a,mufpD;av; vmojzifh vufwm;NyD; c&D;ajymum wufpD;cJUMuav\/
onftcsdefrSm uRefawmfonf ydkufqHudk txl;qifjcifí okH;ae&ygojzifh um;rDwm
aowåmwGif wajzmufajzmufwufaeaom *Pef;udkMunfhaerdygonf/
]]tif;..awmfygao;&JU/ wd&pämefukaq;&kHa&SU &yfvdkufawm hwusyfESifhjym;&Spfq,f/ odkUaomf
uRefawmfu aiGusyfwefESpf&Gufxkwfay;vdkufawmh um;armif;olu....
]]okH;usyfusw,fq&m&JU}}
uRefawmf tHUtm;oifhvsuf...
]][..rDwmrSm wusyfjym;&Spfq,f jyaeygvm;uG,fh}}
]]cifAsm; rodao;bl;vm;? uRefawmfwkdU armfawmf,mOfXmeu tcaps;EIef;awG
wufxm;wm? owif;pmawGxJrSmawmif ygNyD;NyD}}
trSefbJ uRefawmf rodao;yg/ om;awmfarmifu...
]][kwfw,f 'uf'D&JU}}qdkojzifh aemufwusyf xkwfay;vdkufyg\/
uRefawmfwdkU aq;&kHa&SUodkUa&mufawmh 8em&Dxkd;NyD;í aq;&kHzGifhxm;ygNyD/ aq;&kH a&SUrSm
acG;awG? aMumifawG? MuufawG? 0ufawG? ydkif&SiftoD;oD;ESifh uko&ef a&mufaeMu ygNyD/
odkUaomf q&m0efuawmh ra&mufao;/ uRefawmfwkdUuawmh wd&pämefygolr[kwfí
txJ0ifNyD; q&m0efpmyGJa&SUrSm xdkifapmifhonf/ rMumrD q&m0efa&mufvmvsuf
uRefawmfhudk jrifvQifjrifcsif;...
]]b,fhES,f...MuufyJvm; OD;aomfwmaqG}}
olUqDrSm uRefawmfwdkufMuufrsm;udk tcgrsm;pGm ukobl;ygonf/
]]'Dwcgawmh Muufr[kwfzl; a'gufwma&U? uRefawmfhudk ukbdkUbJ}}[kqdkNyD; vufu
'Pf&mudkjyí tusKd;taMumif;ajymjyawmh q&m0efu uRefawmfhpum;qkH;atmif
em;axmifaeNyD;rS....
]]OD;aomfwmaqG? acG;&l;udkufwmawmhrSefw,f? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkUaq;&kHu
vludkrukbl;? wd&pämefudkom uk&w,fcifAs}}
uRefawmfhudk,f wGefUueJjzpfoGm;NyD;...
]]tm;...'gjzifh uRefawmfwkdU b,foGm;uk&rSmvJ}}
]]OD;aomfwmaqGaewJUt&yfu b,fa'ovJ}}
]]urm&Gwf vIdifa'opdwfyg}}
]]'gjzifh ajrmufOuúvmy a'oEå&aq;&kHudkoGm;yg}}
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,fa'gufwm}}[kajymNyD; uRefawmfwdkUom;tzESpfa,muf xdkif&mrS
xcJUMuawmhonf/
ajrmufOuúvmyqdkawmh ordkif;vrf;qkHu eHywf 6um;pD;rSbJ/
aq;½kHa&SU tif;pdefvrf;rBuD;a&mufawmh rMumrD ]Mum;um;}ac: yk*¾vduum;av;
a&mufvmí oufomacsmifcsdpGmESifh ordkif;vrf;qkHodkU a&mufcJUonf/ um;cwa,muf
wrwfpDbJ ay;vkduf&\/ ordkif;vrf;qkHrS ajrmufOuúvmyodkU um;? 'Dvdk]Mum;um;}qdkwm
r&SdawmhNyD/ eHywf 6om r&ru wdk;wufpD;&ayawmhrnf/ wpD;NyD;wpD; vmbdkUuvnf;
tMumBuD;/
'DeHywf 6apmifhaeqJwGif tpdk;&av;bD;um;jymav; vmwmjrifawmh om;awmf armifu
urm&Gwfu tvmwkef;uvdkbJ atmufarhí vufwm;rnf[k olUvufajrmuf av&m?
uRefawmfu zswfueJykwfcsNyD;....
]]rif;tdwfxJ ydkufqHb,favmufygvdkUvJ}}
]]q,fjym;}}
]]eifharvTm;..'Duae ajrmufOuúvmyaq;&kHudk tpdk;&um;awG tckEIef;eJUqdk&if 7usyf
8usyfxuf atmufrSmr[kwfzl;? rif;tar ighay;vdkufwmu wq,fjynfhwm r[kwfzl;uG}}
,if;odkUjzifh vlawGwif;Murf;jynfhESifh nmbufapmif;NyD; udkif;nTwfvmaom eHywf
6um;i,fudk twif;wdk;&Id;í vdkufcJU&awmhonf/ um;ay:a&mufawmh touf&Ivnf;
Muyf? vlrSmvnf; taecuf? vufuvnf; aoG;wpufwpufjyefxGufvmí temuydkem
vmonf/ rdepfav;q,frQMumrS ajrmufOuúvmy aq;&kHa&SUa&mufí qif;cJU&onf/
wcgrQ 'DudpörsKd;BuKHbl;ao;onfr[kwfí aq;&kHxJa&mufawmh b,foGm;bmvkyf
&rnfrod/ vlawGuawmh tjynfhbJ/ &Gpd &GpdESifh/
'geJU b,fae&mu b,folUxHoGm;ar;oifhovJ[k [dk[dk'D'Drsufpd&Smawmh tcef;0 wckrSm
pmyGJwvkH;ESifh vli,fESpfa,muf xdkifaeonfjrifí olwkdUxHoGm;NyD;...
]]uRefawmfwdkU acG;&l;udkufvdkUAsm...b,faq;cef; oGm;&rvJ}}ar;awmh xdkoli,fu
at;aq;pGmbJ...
]][dkrSm pmtkyfoGm;0,fyg}}
uRefawmfu em;rvnfí..
]]b,frSmpmtkyf0,f&rSmvJcifAsm}}
]][dk a'gifhcsKd;tauGUrSm}} olvufnId;nTefjyí... ]]wtkyfjym; 30? vlemvufudkifpm tkyfzJ}}
]]t'Dpmtkyf0,fNyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkU b,foGm;&rvJ}}
]]uRefawmfhqD jyefvmcJUyg}}
pmtkyfudk wef;pDí0,fcJU&\/ olUqDa&mufawmh emrnf?touf? ae&yf? taz
emrnfar;ía&;ay;onf/ wa,mufu vufrSwfxkd;onf/
'gNyD;vQif 'Dpmtkyfjyefay;awmh uRefawmfu...
]]a&SUquf bmvkyf&rSmvJ}}
]][dkrSm oGm;xyfvAsm}}
]]b,frSmvJ}}
]]cifAsm;cke pmtkyf0,fwJU pmyGJa&SUem;rSm tayguf&Sdw,f}}
[dkuf or0g,rqdkifrSmvdk xyfxm;wJUpmtkyfawGu wykHBuD;ygvm;/
em&D0ufavmufMumNyD/ 9em&DcGJavmufrS vlwa,mufu þpmtkyfawG,lNyD; tcef;wckxJ
0ifoGm;\/ 5rdepfavmufMumawmh ol'DpmtkyfawGudkifí jyefxGufvmNyD;
emrnfwa,mufpDac:um wef;pDap\/ vlawGu av;ig;q,f/ tcef;uusOf;awmh
auGUumaumufum axmifhxJwGefUpD&\/ uRefawmfwkdUu vltpdwfavmuf aemufrSus\/
a&SUqkH;vlupwifNyD; q&m0efcef;xJ0if&\/ vlemwOD;udk 2rdepf? 3rdepfrS 5rdepftxd
MumwmawGU&awmh uRefawmfwkdUxHodkU wem&D? wem&DcGJavmufMumrS a&mufawmhrnf[k
rSef;q&\/
temu aoG;wpufpufESifh wppfppfemaeonf/
trSefu uRefawmfwdkUvdkvlemudk ta&;ay:XmeodkU tjrefqkH;ydkUbdkUaumif;onf/
þacG;&l;udkufa&m*gonf tvGefqdk;\/ ,ckvdk uRefawmfhtemuusaom aoG;pufxdol
yif ul;Edkifonf[kod&\/ tJ'DaeUu uRefawmfhaoG;pufxdolaygif; rnfrQ&Sdrnfenf;/
vlawG>ywfcJaewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSma&m aq;&kHwGif wef;pD&mrSma&m/
odkUaomf wef;pD&mrSmawmh odyfrMumvdkuf/ 15rdepfcefUwGif t&yfcyfjywfjywf?
acgif;BuD;BuD;? rsufvkH;jyL;jyL;ESifh vli,fwa,muf NyKH;&TifaomrsufESmESifh uRefawmfhqD
a&mufvmNyD;...}}
]]q&m OD;aomfwmaqG r[kwfvm;cifAsm}}
]][kwfygw,f}}
]]uRefawmfheHr,foufOD;yg? q&murodayr,fh uRefawmfuawmh q&mhudkodwmaygh
q&mhpmzwfy&dowfzJ q&mtckbmjzpfvdkUvJ}}
vufutemjyNyD; tusKd;taMumif;ajymjyawmh oluoGufvufzswfvwfpGm...
]]tm..q&m? 'grsKd;udk'Dvdk b,fwef;pDaevdkUjzpfrvJ? vmvm}}[k uRefawmfwkdU
om;tzESpfa,mufudk tcef;wckxJac:oGm;NyD;? trsKd;orD;q&m0efudk ajymjyonf/
q&m0efruvnf; vIdufvIdufvSJvSJyif...
]]OD;aomfwmaqGudk ckrSawGUbl;ayr,fvdkU OD;aomfwmaqGorD; 'ify,fvfaqGeJU awmh
odygw,f}}qdkNyD; aoG;pdkUaeaom uRefawmfhvufutemudk yxr jyKpkaponf/
armifoufOd;onf xdkaq;&kHu tvkyform;yifjzpf&m? qdkif&mXmeudk olu
OD;aqmifíac:oGm;onf/ tjcm;olemrsm;tm; acwåz,fí uRefawmfhtm; t&ifvkyfay;
aponf/
qufquftdrfupnf;ay;vdkufaom ywfwD;udkjznf? a&aEG;ESifhaq;? 0g*Grf;ESifh okwfNyD;
t&ufjyefyGwfawmhrS udk,fhvufrutemudk aocsmpGmjrif&onf/ vufonf;&if; ESifh
txufatmuf taygufBuD;ESpfayguf/ vufacsmif;tv,frSm taygufi,f ig;ayguf/
aq;xnfh? ywfwD;pnf;NyD;aomtcg q&m0eftcef;odkU jyefí0rf;AdkufwGif aq;xdk;& onf/
tm;..'D0rf;AdkufzJ 'ku©rsm;jyefNyDaum/
]]OD;aomfwmaqG...'DaeUupNyD; aeUqufrjywf 14&uf? aq; 14av;vkH;xdk;&r,f?
aemufwywfjcm;pD 2vkH;? aygif; 16vkH;xdk;&r,f? uJ tckvJ vufrutemtwGuf
yifeDpvifwvkH; oGm;xdk;vdkufygtkH;}}[kajymí pmw&Gufa&;ay;vdkufygonf/
armifoufOD;yif OD;aqmifoGm;í aq;xdk;cef;u q&mrrsm;tm; uRefawmf
aomfwmaqGjzpfaMumif; ajymjyawmh olwdkUvnf;0rf;omMuvsuf rMumcPtoHvTifhaom
uRefawmfh 'efUovGefoD;Zmwfvrf;udk tvGefoabmusaMumif; ajymum? azmfa&Tpm jyKpk
Muygonf/
aq;xdk;rnfhq&mronf q&m0efa&;ay;vdkufonfudk Munfhum...
]]q&m t&ifu yifeDpvifxdk;bl;vm;}}
]]xkd;bl;ygw,f q&mr}}
]]'gayr,fh q&m0efuawmh wufpfvkyftkH;vdkU a&;ay;vdkufw,f? rMumygbl; q&m&,f?
10rdepfxJyg? 10rdepfMumvdkUrS bmrSrjzpf&if xdk;vdkuf&kHygbJ}}[kajymNyD;
uRefawmfhvufarmif;rSm aq;ESpfpufokH;pufcefU xdk;oGif;vdkufygonf/
NyD;vQif uRefawmfhtm; ckH&SnfwckrSm xdkifíaeapNyD;...
]]q&m..rwnfh&if udk,fvufawG ,m;vmr,f? 'grSr[kwf acgif;rl;vmr,f}}
uRefawmfem&DudkMunfhíaeonf/ 10em&Dxdk;&ef 5rdepf tvdkrS 10em&D 7rdepf&Sd
oGm;aomtcg uRefawmfq&mrqDxoGm;NyD;...
]]bmrSrjzpfzl; q&mr}}

'DawmhrS Pen/strep yifeDpvifudk xdk;ay;vdkufygonf/ (yifeDpvifrSm trsKd;awG

trsm;BuD;&Sdygonf/)
uJ onfaeUawmh NyD;y[JU[k uRefawmfwdkUom;tzonf q&mrrsm;ESifh q&m0efrudk a&m
oGm;a&mufEIwfqufNyD;? aq;&kH0if;rSxGufcJUMuonf/ vrf;ra&mufaomf &yfxm;aom
okH;bD;um;wpD; tqifoifhawGUí okH;usyfcGJESifhaps;wnfhNyD; pD;cJUMuonf/ ,if;onf olu
aq;&kHydkUNyD; Avmjyef&rnfrdkU þaps;EIef;ESifh&jcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfhtdrfrS þaq;&kHoGm;
rnfqdkaomfonfrQESifhrvdkuf/ iSm;wdkif;vdkufMu&onfh tpdk;&av;bD;um;wdkUu azmfjycJU
onfhtwdkif; aps;awGrwefwqwufaeonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUonf b,fenf;eJUrQ
aeUpOfwuúpDum;iSm;í roGm;Edkifyg/ uRefawmfhtdrf 6rdkifrS yxreHywf 9udk 8rdkifr&rf;ukef;
pD;? xdkrS eHywf 6/ aeUpOf þum;ESpfwef;pDí oGm;&rnfhudpöum;...atmifrmav; &ifav;
vdkufygbdawmhcifAsm/ xdkifckH&bdkU rajrSmfrSef;Edkif? um;ay:vla&mufzdkUyif tEdkifEdkif/
onfvdkawG;ívmcJU&m? 5rdepfrQMumaomtcg uRefawmfhvufz0g;awG ,m;vm ojzifh
]atmifr,f..'ku©a&muf&wJUtxJ b,fursm; aiG&OD;rSmvJ}[k atmufarhrd\/ aemufawmh
vufz0g;omru wudk,fvkH; wzsOf;zsOf;xNyD; tkwfqufu tvGef,m;vm ygavonf/
rsufESmrSmvnf; tom;awG wif;rmvm\/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfonf ae&m tESHUtjym;
wAsif;Asif;ukwf&mrS aemufzufü xdkifvdkufvmaom om;bufodkUvSnfhí..
]]a[h ighrsufESmb,fhES,faevJ Munfhprf;yguG,fh}}qdkawmh oltvefUwMum;jzpfum..
]][m .... 'uf'D ]tvm;*spf}jzpfNyD? aq;&kHjrefjrefjyefrS um;q&m jyefvSnfhygAsKdU}}
uRefawmfhwudk,fvkH;onf ajcqkH; acgif;qkH; teDuGuf tydefUtydefUBuD;awG &JueJ
&JueJxGufxGufvmum raeEdkifrxdkifEdkifatmif ,m;,H\/ £ajE´rqnfEdkif/
udk,fwdkifomru eHab;vludkyg ukwfcdkif;&\/ rsufESmwjyifvkH;onf wif;Muyfvsuf
zl;a&mifeDjref;ae\/
aq;&kHjyefa&mufí ajzaq;xdk;NyD;onfhwdkifatmif em&D0ufavmuf ,m;,Haeao; \/
aemufrS wajz;ajz;ta&mifawGa&m? t,m;awGa&m usqif;oGm;\/ udk,fwGif tcsKdU
ae&mawGrSm ukwfaomvufonf;&mawG aoG;pdkUí usefcJU\/
aq;ESifhrwnhfjcif;onf aMumufzG,fygwum;/ jyefíajzaq;rxdk;&ygrl b,ftxd
þa0'emudk cHpm;&rnfrod/ tcsKdUrl...þodkUr,m;bJ rl;a0vJusNyD; atmhtefygowJU/
xdkUaMumifh a'gufwm&rf;ukrsm;udk owdxm;Muygukef/ yifeDpvifonf ,cifuwnfUcJU
aomfvnf; aemifrwnfhcif rwnfhjyefbl;wJU/ ra&&maomaq;bJ/ xdkUaMumifhxdk;wdkif;
prf;&ygowJU/
uRefawmhudkprf;Munfhyg/ ,cifu yifeDpvifawGrsm;pGm xdk;cJUbl;ygonf/ EdkUNyD; 10rdepfvJ
prf;oyfrIjyKygao;onf/ odkUwdkif þprf;oyfcsdefwGif bmrQrjzpfzJ? xdk;NyD;
10rdepfavmufMumrS 'ku©awGU&onf/ udk,fhtdwfxJ aiGav;ig;usyf&Sdí okH;bD;um; pD;rdvdkU
ayghAsm/ jynfolUbwfpfum;om pD;rdrnfqdkvQif? vrf;rSm&yfcdkif;ívnf; &rnfr[kwf/
a&SUrSwfwdkifa&mufrSqif;? aq;&kHjyefbdkUum;udkvnf; rnfrQMumatmif apmifh&OD;rnfenf;/
onftwGif; um;*dwfrSm uRefawmftrJajcmufzkwfuç uae&ayvdrfhrnf/ aMomf..'ku©rsm;
a&mufcsifawmh udk,fhtdrfxJ udk,fae&if;..../
aq;xkd;&olrsm;
tpyxrü uRefawmfwkdUonf acG;udkufcH&aom uRefawmwkdUom;tzESpfa,muf omvQif
acG;&l;a&m*gumuG,faq;xdk;&rnf[k atmufarhcJUonf/ pifppfum; þacG;ESifh
xdawGUoltm;vkH; xdk;&rnf/ xdkUaMumifh AdkfvfBuD;Munfom; qufqufESifh oufoufESpf
a,mufyg yg0ifaeonf/ qufqufu acG;udk&dkufowfNyD; uRefawmfhvuftemudk "mwfqD
ESifhe,fí ywfwD;pnf;ay;onf/ oufoufu acG;aoudktNrD;u qGJvmNyD; cifarmifpdk;ESifh
wGif;wl;í jrKyfMuonf/
odkUtwGuf AdkvfBuD;Munf olUom;ESpfa,mufudkaq;xdk;&ef tif;pdefwd&pämefukaq;&kH
uq&m0efBuD;udk zkef;qufaomtcg? ol....uRefawmfhtm; nTefMum;rIvJGNyDudkod&onf/
q&m0efBuD;u þwd&pämefukXmeu vlwdkUtm;ruko/ bDyDtdkifrSm acG;&l;umuG,faq;
&Edkifonf[k ajymonf/ xdkUaMumifh....AdkvfBuD;Munfonf þaq;udk0,fNyD; tif;pdefrD;&xm;
aq;&kHrS olUrdwfaqG a'gufwmwifOD;xHrS olUom;awGudkxdk;aponf/ uRefawmfwkdUtm;
vnf; tif;pdefodkUvdkufcJUMu&ef udkazodef;tdrfuzkef;udkqufíac:onf/ odkUaomf xdktcsdef
ü uRefawmfwkdUom;tzESpfa,mufonf ajrmufOuúvmyaq;&kHrSm wef;pDaeMuavNyD/
aemufwOD;wdk;vmjcif;
xdkolum; uRefawmfhZeD;ar (a':acG;cspf)jzpfawmh\/ xdkaeUnae AdkvfBuD;MunfESifh
uRefawmfwkdUawGUaomtcg þacG;onf ,aeUrS pdwfaemufazmufjyefaomfvnf; vGefcJU
aom 10&ufuyif olUudkd,fwGif a&m*gydk;rsm; jyefUESHUx<uaeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh 'D10&uf
twGif; onfacG;ESifhawGUxdolrsm;yg umuG,faq;xdk;&rnfjzpfaMumif; AdkvfBuD;Munfu
q&m0efxHuodcJU&í ajymjyawmh a':a&TarxHodkU 'g&dkufOD;wnfcsuf jzpfoGm;awmh\/
taMumif;rSm olonf tm;tm;&SdvQif acG;\ESmacgif;udk olUezl;erf;apí oluacG;\
ESmacgif;udk erf;avh&Sd\/ aMumifrsm;ESifhvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;/
]]udkaqGwdkUvJ eufzef ajrmufOuúvm roGm;eJUawmh? tif;pdefrSmbJxdk;? arvJvdkufcJU}}[k
AdkvfBuD;Munfu ajymawmh? tif;pdefajrmufOuúvmxuf oGm;&efjyef&ef
rsm;pGmvG,fulojzifh uRefawmfwkdUom;tzESpfa,mufrSm vGefpGm0rf;omoGm;Muonf/
odkUaomfarurl ollUrSmbm'Pf&m'PfcsufrS r&SdbJESifh tom;temcHí tif;pdefoGm;NyD;
rxdk;Edkifygbl;? aemufrSjzpfcsif&mjzpfapawmh[kqdk\/
'D[mr acgif;rmrSef; uRefawmfod\/ olUtm;b,fvdkrSac:&rnfr[kwf/ xdkUaMumifh
]]'DrSm AdkvfMunf? 'Daq;udk tdrf,lvdkUr&bl;vm;...}}
]]&wmaygh? ukd,f0,fxm;wmbJ? 'gayr,fh 'DrSmu b,folxdk;rvJ? EdkUNyD;'Daq;u
tat;aowåmxJ xnfhxm;&w,f...}}
]]udkat;armiftdrfrSm z&pf*spf'g&Sdw,f? EdkUNyD;awmh prf;prf;wdkU q&m0efvifr,m; av...}}
tm;vkH;yif &Tifvef;oGm;Muonf/
uRefawmfwkdUrdwfaqG udkat;armifwkdUtdrfrSm AkdvfBuD;MunftdrfrS vSrf;ac:vdkUMum; &onf/
a'gufwmprf;prf;qdkwmu pma&;q&mxifvif;\orD;/ olUcifyGef;vnf; q&m0ef bJ/
uRefawmfESifhywfoufí uRefawmfhtdrfESifh rsufapmif;xdk;tdrfrSm iSm;&rf;aeMuonf/
tqifrsm;ajycsifawmhvJ [kwfvm;/
aemufwaeUreufrSm uRefawmfwdkUom;tzESifh qufquf? oufoufwdkU AdkvfBuD;
Munfum;ESifh vdkufoGm;NyD; tif;pdefrSmxdk;Muonf/ NyD;vQif aqG;awG,lvmcJUí udkat;
armif z&pf*spf'gxJ oGm;xnfhxm;vkdufonf/
aemufwaeUreufrSm prf;prf;a,mufsm; a'gufwmarmifarmifa&;u vmNyD;xkd;ay; onf/
'Dvdkudk,fhtdrfrSmbJ udk,fxdk;ae&awmh a':a&TarBuD; rjiif;Edkifawmhbl;/
pifppfawmh uRefawmfonf olU'PfudkcH&jcif;yif/ uRefawmf azmfjycJUNyD/ xdkZGefv 29&uf?
paeaeUeHeufu trSefqdk uRefawmfaps;odkUoGm;aeusudk 'DaeUawmh ra&;wmMum
NyDjzpfwJUpmudk apmapmpD;pD; pa&;vdkufrnf[k olUtm;uRefawmfhudk,fpm; aps;udkvTwfvdkuf
onf/ tu,fí uRefawmfaps;udkoGm;rnfqdku olUacG;udkuRefawmfhxufydkí ,k,k,,
jyKpkrnfjzpfaomaMumifh olomvQif tudkufcH&ayrnf/ 'Dvdkqdkawmh uRefawmf tudkufcH&
wmbJ 0rf;omrdygonf/
,ckaq;xdk;MuonfrSm qufquf? oufoufESifh arwkdUu tzGJU0iftjzpf 7vkH;?
uRefawmfwkdUom;tzu acG;udkufcH&olrsm;rdkU wif;jynfh usyfjynfh? &ufquf 14vkH;?
aemufwywfjcm;rdkU ESpfvkH;? aygif; 16 vkH;/
onfvdk&uf&Snfrsm;pGmqdkawmh rvTJom ra&Smifomí xdk;ay;aeMuaom a'gufwm
armifarmifa&;ESifh prf;prf;wdkUvifr,m;udk tm;emp&maumif;vmonf/ olwkdUrSmreuf
jzpfuwwfqef; xrif;[if;udk pm;oGm;Mu&onf/ naerdk;csKyfrS jyefMu&onf/ wcgw&H
Edkuf*sLwDusMuao;\/
onftaMumif; uRefawmfpOf;pm;rdawmh zswfueJudk,fhezl;udk,f vuf0g;ESifh&dkuf
vdkufrdonf/ Munfhprf;? udk,fhom;t&if;acgufacguf aomfaomfudkarhaew,f/ aomfaomf
onf q&m0efoifwef; aemufqkH;ydkif;a&mufaeNyDubJ/ xdkUaMumifh prf;acsmif;olUtartdrf
wGif aeaom aomfaomfxH taMumif;Mum;vkdufonf/
,ckqdk aomfaomf aeUpOftcsdefrSefvmí aq;xdk;ay;aeonf/ uRefawmfhvufru
temudkvnf;? tdrfrSmyif aq;0g; 0g*Grf;ywfwD; tpkHtvifESifh aeUpOfjyKpkcJU&m? aq; 7vkH;
xdk;NyD; 7 &ufajrmuf Zlvdkifv 5&ufaeUü pmpía&;Edkifonf/ temu aysmufuif;ao;
onfawmh r[kwfyg/ *Grf;rsm;rsm;cH? ywfwD;xlxlpnf;NyD; vufrudk tomarS;í
pmudkwvkH; csif; a&;&ygonf/ oli,fwef;uav; a&;ouJUodkU aES;auG;ygonf/
,cktpuaeí þae&mtxd? wreufvQif 4em&DEIef;jzifh 5&uf? em&D 20cefU
a&;cJU&ygonf/ pma&;pOf vufru usOfwifwif atmifhawmifhawmifh aeygonf/ 'Dpmrl
NyD;vQifawmh em;&OD;rnf/ vqufrdkU ESpfvjywfrcHEdkifíom BudK;pm;a&;ae&onf/
,aeUonf Zlvdkifv 9&uf? aq;q,fhwpfvkH; xdk;NyD;ygNyD/ 0rf;Adkufonf zl;a&mifwif;rmNyD;
teDjyifBuD;jzpfum ,m;,H aeygí b,fvufu Adkufudk w&G&Gukwf&if;? nmvufu w&G&G
pma&;ae&ygonf/
,lqcsufrsm;
þacG;udkufcH&jcif;ESifhywfoufí udk,fhtdrfuacG;u udk,fhjyefudkufw,f qdkawmh
uRefawmfhrSm tifrwef uHedrfhaeí Mur®mqdk;0ifjcif;[k ajymygonf/ odkUaomf
uRefawmfonf þtqdk;xJrS taumif;udk xkwf,lvdkufEdkifonfum;...,ckrdwfaqGzwfae
aom pmyif/
tcsKdUu tdrfuacG; ,if;odkUaooGm;jcif;onf tdrfom;xJrS wa,mufa,muf\
'PfudkcHoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdktdrfrSm aemufxyfraumif;qdk;0g; rjzpfEdkifawmh..wJU/ 'gArm
vlrsKd;awGt,l/
bmbJjzpfaeae? rylyifwwfaom usKyfwdkUtdrfeD;yg;rdwfaqG a':Munfpku rlum;..
uRefawmf acG;udkufcH&wJU owif;Mum;awmh olvmMunfhNyD; olUrsufESmu 0rf;omtm;&
ESifh...
]][m..'DaeU paeaeUbJ? paeaeUrSm acG;udkufcH&&if xDaygufwwfw,fAs? paeeHu ]x}xD?
acG;u weif;vmeH aiGAs? ]paeacG;udkuf odef;qkydkuf}twdwfeJ xDwapmifoGm; xdk;Asm....
'gudk usKyfrdef;ru oabmusNyD; wu,fbJ xdk;oAs/ tu,fwd þtwdwfeJUrsm;
xDaygufae&ifjzifh usKyfwdkUt&yfom;awG paeaeUawGrSm udkufwwfwJUacG; vkduf&SmaerSm
pdk;&ao;/
tcsKdUuvnf; uRefawmfhrSm ,if;odkUjzpfonfhtwGuf 'gejyKjcif;? bkef;BuD;qGrf;auR;
jcif;jyKoifhonf[k ajymygonf/ onfawmhrS raumif;wmawG aysmufí taumif;0if
rnf/
,if;udkvnf; uRefawmfhc&pf,efru oabmusí...
]][kwfom;yJarmif...Zlvdkifv 4&uf ajr;BuD;arG;aeUeJU wcgxJ wGJvkyfvdkufygvm;? armifwkdU
Ak'¨bmombkef;BuD;awGvJ qGrf;auR;av? aeUcif;rSm arwdkUbpfa&SmhvJ tdrfyifh NyD;
qkawmif;r*FvmjyKcdkif;r,f...}}
bpfa&SmhqdkonfrSm c&pf,ef*dkPf;tkyfbkef;BuD;jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfh t,ltqwGifvnf; 'gejyKjcif;onf b,fvdkenf;ESifhjzpfjzpf ]'geOö"r®p&d,m}
r*Fvmwyg; jzpfygaomaMumifh....
]]aumif;NyD rif;ajr;arG;aeUrSm tkef;EdkUacgufqGJauR;r,f pdwful;xm;w,f r[kwf vm;?
'Dawmh 'dkUbkef;BuD;twGuf qGrf;oyfoyfcsuf raeeJUawmh? tdrfvJryifhbl;? Armbkef; BuD;
tdrfyifh&wm u&duxrsm;ouG? igudk,fwdkif ausmif;oGm;ydkUr,f? tJ...rif;wkdU c&pf,ef
awmh rif;wkdUxkH;pHtwdkif; vkyfMuaya&mh..}}
xdkUaMumifh Zlvdkif 4 &ufaeUrSm tkef;EdkUacgufqGJtcsdefwq,fudk tdrfeD;em;csif;rsm; vnf;
auR;onf/ reufydkif;rSm bkef;BuD;ausmif;vnf; uRefawmfoGm;ydkUonf/ aeUcif;ydkif; rSm
olwkdUbkef;BuD; bpfa&SmhESifh wynfhwyef;rsm; a&mufvmMuum pm;aomufNyD;wJUaemuf
"r®oDcsif;rsm; oDqdkMuygonf/ NyD;vQif bpfa&SmUu w&m;tenf;i,fa[mygonf/
t"dyÜm,f twdkcsKyfrSm...
uav;oli,fuJUodkUaom oludkaumif;uif EdkifiHawmfu vufcH\/
uav;oli,fwkdUrnfonf raumif;rIudkrjyK/ trkef;w&m;r&Sd/ cspfjcif;udkom olod\/
(EdkUpdkU&G,favmufudk qdkygvdrfhrnf/)
þuJUodkUaom oabmw&m;&Sdoltm; aumif;uifbkHu wHcg;zGifhxm;yg\/
xdkUaemuf uRefawmfwkdUtdrfodkU aumif;csD;r*FvmjyKyg&ef? bk&m;ocifxH qkrGef
awmif;ygonf/
]]tmrif}}
qkawmif;qkH;aomtcg? olwkdUc&pf,ef xkH;pHtwdkif; tm;vkH; wNydKifwnf;qdkvdkuf
Mu&onf/
uJ...pm&Iolrsm;cifAsm...? uRefawmfwkdU Ak'¨bmomESifh c&pf,ef vifr,m;ESpfa,muf onf
t*Fvdyf? jrefrm ESpfbmomaom aumif;rIudkjyKvdkufMuygNyD? ]om"k}ac:vdkac:?
]tmrif}[kqdkvkdol qdkMuygukef/
Ak'¨bmomonf Ak'¨bmomtrIudk jyK&vQif pdwfcsrf;omonf/
c&pf,efonf c&pf,eftrIudkjyK&vQif pdwfcsrf;omonf/
rdk[mar'ifonf rdk[mar'iftrIudkjyK&vQif pdwfcsrf;omonf/
þum; bk&m; w&m;\ *kPfaus;Zl;aywnf;/
bmomudk;uG,folwkdU\ okcaywnf;/
acG;udkufcH&jcif;
]acG;&l;udkufaomf uk&efrcuf? cg;txufudk csufESifhwdkif;um atmufyifhcGmvsuf}
(bmt"dyÜm,frSef;vJrod) þuAsmudk þrQomazmfjyNyD;? þta&;tom;onf ]c}acG;
tu©&mrsm;xyfí *r®a'gooifhonf[k uAsmoifcef;pmwGif oifMum;cJU&ygonf/
a[m....,ck uRefawmfhrSm wu,facG;&l;udkufcH&awmh? t*Fvdyfaq;uvJ þuAsm ESifh
cyfqifqifbJ/ cg;\txuf? csuf\ywfvnfrSm &ufquf 14vkH;? wywfjcm; 2vkH;?
aygif; 16vkH; xdk;&&m? raeUu 26&uf ZlvdkifwGif aemufqkH;tvkH;xdk;NyD;cJUNyD/ 0rf;AdkufwGif
tusdwftzkrsm;jzpfí eD&J,m;,Hae\/ vufrçu acG;udkuf'Pf&mvnf; tuif;rao
ao;/ vufonf;cGHt&if;u ndKrJvsuf? xkHusOfaeí azmifwdefudk rzdEdkifao;yg/ 0g*Grf;
xlxlcH? ywfwD;pnf;í þpmudka&;&\/
uRefawmfhrSm 0rf;udkufESifh acG;udkufESpfck qufvdkufojzifh wvpma&;ysufcJUonf/
Mo*kwfvwGif ygcJUaom uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (22)onfvnf; (21)ESifhtaMumif;
t&mrquf/ ta&;ay:oD;oefUjzpfoGm;\/ ,ckrSquf&ygrnf/ þpOfu a&;cJUonfrSm
bDokH;vkH;ukrÜPD udkbcefUu udkxGef;a0udk yxrOD;qkH; rif;om;opfwifcJUonfhtaMumif;/
tEkynmonf\ t&nftaoG;
pma&;q&mrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? &kyf&SifZmwfvdkufrsm;onf vnf;aumif;?
'g&dkufwmrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? tqkdawmfrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? wu,fpGHrnfholonf
puwnf;u wyk'fwnf;? wum;wnf;ESifh vQrf;vQrf;awmufoGm;\/ puwnf;u oref
um &SefumqdkvQif aemifvJ 'DvdkbJ orefum&Sefum jzpfoGm;awmh\/
ouú&mZfudkjzifh rrSwfrdawmhNyD/ wckaom eHeufcif;ü uRefawmfonf ausmufajrmif;&Sd
q&mokc\tdrfodkU tvnfa&mufaepOf? trmpdefESifh udkarmifarmifat; wdkU
vifr,m;vnf; a&mufvmMuNyD;? q&mokctm; trmpdefudk &kyf&Sifrif;orD;wif&dkuf &ef
ajym\/ xdktcsdefü trmpdefonf &kyf&Sifwum;&dkufzl;NyD/ odkUaomf ratmifjrif? omref xJ
a&mufae\/ xdkUaMumifh q&mokcu...
]]&kyf&Sifrif;om;rif;orD;[m yxrOD;qkH;wum;rSm ta&;tBuD;qkH;bJuG? a'gifueJ vTwf&if
xdyfuajy;rS? nnf;rEåav;rSm tNidrfhuaepOfwkef;ubJu &kyf&Sifrif;orD;
vkyfr,fpdwful;&if ighqDvmcJUvdkUajymcJUw,fr[kwfvm;}}
trmpdefonf rsufi,fav;ESifh...
]][kwfygw,f q&m}}
]]at;...ckawmh nnf;ighqDvmwm rdk;vGefrSxGefcsovdkjzpfaeNyD? onfhjyif'g&dkufwmeJU
wum;&dkufNyD;NyD? r[efbl;? tJ'g[m aemiftwGuf rvG,fawmhbl;uG? &kyf&SifrSm a&S;OD;
qkH;um; pGHbdkU[m tifrwef ta&;BuD;wm? pxGufuxJu tda&m tda&mqdk&if aemufvJ
tda&m tda&mbJa[h}}
q&mokcpum;rSefvSonf/ ,ckxdyfwef;a&mufaeMuaom rif;om;rif;orD;wdkUrSm
yxrOD;qkH;um; uwnf;u xl;cRefvmolrsm;om jzpfMuonf/ q&mokc udk,fwdkifvnf;
'g&dkufwmtjzpfESifh ol\yxrOD;qkH;um; ]*kPf&nfrwl}uwnf;u ]r,fokHaygufpD?
aygufpD r,foHk}ESifh aomaomnHívmcJUoljzpfonf/
uRefawmfESifh &if;ESD;olrsm;taMumif; ajym&vQif om"kESifh 0PÖom;tzonf yxr
OD;qkH;um;wGif tu,f'rD&Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ &Ir0OD;ausmfrl ]a&T&ifodrf;opf}ü tu,f'rD
r&aomfvnf;? arEGJUZmwf&Hqk&cJUonf/ 'g&dkufwmopf wa,muftaeESifhtrsm;wum
csD;rGrf;cH&oljzpfonf/ &kyf&Sifrif;om;opf? rif;orD;opf arG;xkwf&mü &J&ifhatmifjrifholjzpf
onf/ ,ckzcifvuf&m qufcH&aom om;uav;armifaqGwifhonf txl;BudK;pm;vsuf
&Sdayonf/ a&SUOD;qkH;um;onf tvGefta&;BuD;vSbd\/ armifaqGwifh.../
ZGefv &Ir0wkef;u uRefawmfazmfjycJUonfh udkbcefUonf ol]Adkvfjr'if}um;rSm
udkxGef;a0udk pGwf&GwfNyD; rif;om;wifvdkuf&m udkxGef;a0rSm þwum;wnf;ESifh tu,f'rD
&\/ vQrf;vQrf;awmufoGm;\/ Adkvfjr'ifrSm om"k\vufoHESifh xGef;a0\vufoHonf
tifrwef udkufnDoGm;onf/ þum;rSm rSef;qonfxuf atmifjrifoGm;onf/ 0ifaiGrSm
ajrSmfvifhonfxuf &av&m udkbcefU\bDokH;vkH;ukrÜPD axmifwufoGm;avawmhonf/
xdktcg udkbcefUBuD;onf armfrqkH;? aysmfwNyKH;NyKH;jzpfvsuf? ol\ 'kwd,um;tjzpf
uRefawmf\ bGaEåmMuufolcdk; 0w¬Kudk &dkufrnf[kajymawmh? uRefawmftHUtm;oifh&onf/
þ0w¬KrSm trsm;tm;jzifh jyaeMuaom &kyf&Sifrsm;vdk aumifrav;ESifhaumifav;cspfcef;
BudKufcef;vnf;ryg? aus;awmom; wufykwdkU vifr,m;ESifh olUa,mu©rBuD; &efjzpfaeMu
onfomjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifhuRefawmfu...
]]udkbcefU&JU 'D0w¬K &kyf&Sif&dkufvdkU jzpfyghrvm;As}}
udkbcefUonf qkH;jzwfcsuf &J&ifhjywfom;oljzpfonf/
]]jzpfygw,fAs? ckjyaeMuwJU Zmwfum;awGeJU rwlbl;? wrsKd;wbmom vm&r,f? 'Dawmh
ZmwfnTef;yg udkaqGcGJay;Asm}}
xdktcsdefu aygufaps;rSm 0w¬kKcsnf; aiG 3000d? ZmwfnTef; 2000d? uRefawmfonf
pma&;q&mtjzpfrS þrQaiGudk r&cJUao;bl;ay&m? ig;axmifBuD;aomaiGudk vdkcsifonf
jzpfí 0rf;omtm;&bJ oabmwlvdkuf\/
]]aumif;ygNyDAsm? 'g&dkufwm b,folU&dkufcdkif;rvJ}}
]]OD;csif;pdefbJ}}
]]'gjzifh t&ifAdkvfjr'ifwkef;u q&mcsif;&JU &dkufuGufZmwfnTef;twdktpawG udkbcefUqD
&SdrSmaygh}}
]]&Sdygw,f}}
]]'gjzifh tJ'gawG,lcJUAsm? olUykHpHuRefawmf Munfha&;ay;r,f}}
pifppf ZmwfnTef;a&;&onfu ykHpH&Sdaeí rcufygay/ cufonfu.../
pma&;&mü cHpm;rIpdwftm&kH
uRefawmf þbGaEåmMuufolcdk; 0w¬Ka&;&mü pdwftm&kHcHpm;rI tjynfht0&Sdonf/
1953ckESpf? rdk;&moDü uRefawmf&GmodkU jyefoGm;pOf eHeuf 4em&DcefUü...
]]rEkówå? 'kv’bonf? &cJbdjcif;? &pOfwGif;0,f? t&if;rysuf? tjrwfxGufatmif?
aqmif&GufMuavmh? 'geudkjyK? oDvdkudkpkum? bm0emudk pD;jzef;ygrS? oHo&m þpcef;u?
vGwfvrf;udkjrifawmhonf/
oHNydKif ]bGaEåm oyÜK&dotaygif; olawmfaumif;wkdU...}
aus;&GmxkH;pH 0gwGif;umv eHeufapmapmü þodkUaom edAÁmefaqmfoHudkMum;awmh
uRefawmfhacgif;xJrSm xdk0w¬Kpí y#doaE¨wnfawmh\/
awm&Gmu umvom; vlayGvlvnfwkdUonf þodkUedAÁmefaqmfxGuf&if; Muuf0if
cdk;wwf\/ ,if;udk tpOD;tajccHí Zmwfvrf;udk awG;awmzefwD;vdkufonf/
Zmwfaumifrsm;um;
uRefawmf þrdk;wGif;BuD;ü &GmodkUjyefcJUonfrSm a,mu©rBuD;ESifh xkH;pHtwdkif;
&efjzpfcJUvdkUjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh ]jzLjymrlvusD}0w¬KwdkupNyD; ZmwfaumifzefwD;xm;aom
wufyk? raemf? om;[pfwvkH;ESifh a,mu©rwkdUudk azmfxkwfvkduf\/ aemufxyf topfjznfh
onfum;? uRefawmfh&nf;pm; ESpfa,muf/ xdkpOfu olemjyKq&mr ]ckdif}ESifh rEåav;rcifeD/
olUudk ]t&D}vkyfvdkufrnf/ awmNrdKUoluav; xdkpOfuxkwfcJUaom bGaEåmMuufolcdk; 0w¬K
ausmbuftzkH;rSm olU"mwfykHudk OD;tkef;vGiftm; MunfhqGJapcJUjcif;jzpf\/ "mwfykHxJrSm
tvGefvSwJU aumifrav;/ (ckawmh aoavvm;? &Sdao;&JUvm;rod/)
pma&;pOfü pdwfu þ&nf;pm;qDa&mufaeí tifrwefa&;aumif;onf/ uRefawmf
pma&;aumif;vQif uAsmjzpfoGm;wwfonf/
naeqD aejcnfvQyf&ifjzifh
ra&T&D auoDewf&,fu
a&Munfcyf&efwJU vmcJUNyD/
tvSxl;ygbd
jrzl;rSm a&Tpm&HodkU
ae0gvQH MunfMunfvJUwGifjzifh
udk,frl[ef oDoDEGJUi,fESifh
cspfzG,fa*g&D/
ZmwfuGufESifh qDavsmfatmif ,if;odkUolUtvSudkzGJUcJUonf/ orD;&nf;pm;tcspf onf
vlütiftm;taumif;qkH;jzpfay&m? xdkpdwfudk tokH;cs&vQif vkyfief;wGifus,fvS onf/
olUudk wufykrdwfaqG? NrdKUoltysKdacsmuav;ae&m xm;NyD; ]cdkif}udkawmh wufyk
(uRefawmfh)r,m;ae&m xm;vdkufonf/ xm;&ykHum; a,mu©rBuD; cavmufqefí wufyk
wkdUvifr,m; uGJoGm;&aomtcg 0w¬Kpmom;rSm...
]][,f...uGmr,f uGmr,fqdkwkef;u rwm;Muwmu t&yfu? wu,fhwu,fuGmNyD vdkU
vGrf;&wmu igygvm;[JU? [if 'gb,folawGu vGefMuwmvJ? wu,fqdk ]ravsmfyg bl;
armifwufyk&,f? raemf&,f}vdkU 0dkif;wm;MuygawmhwJuvm;? ckawmh olwdkUrSm yg;pyf
tyfeJUcsKyfxm;ovdkNrKHvdkU? t&yftm;udk;vdkUjzifh b,fawmhrS r[efygbl;av}}
vGrf;NyDAs? vGrf;Nyd/
uRefawmfhr,m; rsufvkH;&GJ&GJ ESmwHay:ay:av;udkawG;NyD; vGrf;&w,f/ olwcg wav
pdwfaumufNyDqdkrSjzifh ][ifh[ifh}qdkNyD; ajcaqmifhwwfwJU olUaygifwH&Snf&Snf?
ajcovkH;uufuufuav;udkawG;NyD; vGrf;&w,f/ (þum; ]cdkif}\ykHo@mefyif)
]]tr,fav; raiGNrdKif&,f}} uRefawmfhr,m;u ajcxdk; ajcaqmifhaumif;vdkU Zmwf
rif;orD;BuD; raiGNrdKifvdkUvJ uRefawmfu cspfpEdk;ac:w,f/ igawmh vGrf;wmeJUao&awmh
r,fNrdKif&,f/
,if;odkU cdkifudk NrdKifvkyfvdkuf&\/
tESDvdk cspfol&nf;pm;rsm;udk acsmhjrLNyD;aemuf a,mu©rBuD;udkvnf; pdwfxJ tcJ
rausonfESifh...
tdk..a,mu©rBuD;? a,mu©rBuD;? toifom orD;ESifh orufMum; 0ifr&Iyfjim;u?
igwdkUvifr,m; uGJMurnfr[kwfygwum;/ vifESifhr,m; vQmESifhoGm;rdkU jzpfNyD;cP
jyefvdkU wnfhMurnf r[kwfyguvm;/
ckawmh a,mu©rMum;0if&IyfvdkU A&kwfA,uf uGJoGm;Mu&w,f? a,mu©rMum;0if awmvdkU
'a&maomyg; uGJMu&w,f? a,mu©r Mum;0iftlvdkU jiLjiLplpljzpfoGm;Mu&w,f? a,mu©r
Mum;0ifa[mifvdkU armifeJUr,feJU a0;Mu&w,f/ avmuü a,mu©rwkdUonf
aMumufp&mhowå0grsKd;awGygwum;/ þurÇmajr0,f a,mu©rwdkUonf r&Sdtyf/ orD;rsm;
tysKdjzpfí vif,lawmhrnfqdkvQif oif;wkdUudk owfypfbdkUaumif;onfwum;/ oif;wkdUudk
orD;acsmacsmarg;ay;bdkU oufoufom tokH;csbdkUaumif;onfwum;/ orD;vif&NyDqdk
vQif oif;wkdUtm; vlUjynfrS xGufcGmoGm;Muapukefownf;/»
...[lí a,mu©rBuD;tm; &nfnTef;aqmfxnfhcJU\/
tcspfESifhtrkef;onf tiftm;csif;rwlbJjzpf&um;? þpdwfudk tokH;csjcif;tm;jzifh
pma&;&mrSm uRefawmfaysmfvSonf/ anmif;onf? nmonf? yifyef;onf (a&;aepOfrSm)
rod? r&Sd/ udk,fhpdwful;,Oftm&kHudk cHpm;ae&onfrSm vGefpGmt&om&Sdygbd/
a[mAs/ onf0w¬Kudk ,ckjyefvnfí uRefawmfZmwfnTef;a&;&r,fqdkawmh uRefawmf
vSvSBuD; 'ku©a&mufyga&mvm;/ a&;csifpdwfr&Sdbl;/ tm&kHcHpm;rI r&Sdawmhbl;/
pifppf 0w¬Kwyk'fudk &kyf&SifZmwfnTef;a&;awmhrnfqdkvQif rlv0w¬KudkzsufNyD;
jyefa&;&jcif;bJjzpf\/ 0gusvSvSa&;bdkUrvdk/ pmudkzGJUEGJU&ef taMumif;r&Sd/
rnfolu rnfodkUrsufESmESifhajcaqmifhí vufarmif;wef;í rnfonfhpum;udkajym [k
pum;ajymudkom wdusjywfom;pGm a&;ay;&onf/
pifppfum; pma&;q&m pma&;onfrSm Zmwfvrf;topftqef;udk pdwful;NyD;?
ZmwfaumifawGudk udk,fpm;? udk,fyGm;tm&kHcHpm;NyD; a&;jcif;jzpfonf/
,ck ZmwfnTef;a&;&aomtcgü 0w¬Konf ra&;rDESifh a&;pOfwkef;uom uRefawmfh
pdwftm&kHrSm topftqef;jzpfí a&;NyD;aemufwGifum; ropfqef;awmhygNyD/ udk,fh[mudk
jyefrzwfcsifawmhNyD/ EdkUNyD; þZmwfum;rSm yg0ifMurnfh rif;om;zdk;ygBuD;? rif;orD;
a&Tpifar? jrjr&DwdkUvnf; uRefawmf\ udk,fyGm;udk,fpm;tjzpf tm&kHcHpm;ír&yg/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfZmwfnTef;a&;&onfrSm tEkynmonf\ &oajrmufpmayudk
a&;om;jcif;r[kwfawmhbJ? aiGvdkí rdrdudk,frdrd twif;cdkif;apjcif;jzpf&um; rsm;pGmyifyef;
vSyg\/ NiD;aiGUvSyg\/ xdkUtwGuf aemufaemufwGif uRefawmfZmwfnTef;ra&;awmhbJ
0w¬Kcom ,lawmh\/ aiGvdkcsifíawmh udk,fhudk,fudk twif;cdkif;apaomtrI rjyKawmhNyD/
pifppfuRefawmfpma&;aeonfrSm aiGvdkcsifvdkU t"dur[kwfzJ? pdwful;ae&wm? a&;ae&wm
t&om&SdvdkUbJjzpfyg\/
&kyf&SifESifh ywfoufívnf; uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmfpdppfMunfhonf/ uRefawmf
ZmwfnTef;ra&;csifyg/ 'g&dkufwm rvkyfcsifyg/ tJ...o&kyfaqmif Zmwfaumifawmh vkyfcsif
\/
uRefawmfonf ZmwfnTef;a&;csifrnf? 'g&dkufwmvkyfcsifrnfqdkvQif jzpfEdkifaom
tcGifhta&;awG rsm;pGm&SdcJUyg\/ uRefawmfhudk aiGawGykHtyfrnfholawG &Sdyg\/ uRefawmfh
wGif aiGcsrf;omwJU rdwfaqGawG &SdaewmbJ/ odkUaomf uRefawmfrvkyfcsif/ ZmwfnTef;
bmaMumifh ra&;csifoenf;udkawmh azmfjyNyD;NyD/ 'g&dkufwm bmaMumifhrvkyfcsifoenf;
um;? uRefawmfhrSm 'g&dkufwm vkyfEdkifavmufatmif pdwfr&Snfyg/ onf;rcHEdkifyg/ racsmh
armhEdkifyg/ atmufrusKdUEdkifyg/
0w¬Kwyk'fxJwGif ZmwfaumifawG b,favmufxnfhxnfh uRefawmfwa,muf wnf;
pmyGJwvkH;rSmxdkifNyD; 'if;wkdUtm; cdkif;vdk&mcdkif;? apvdk&map? ydkUcsifwJUt&yfydkU? aoqdk ao?
&Sifqdk&Sif? rD;udkaovdkU/
&kyf&Sif'g&dkufwmtvkyfuawmh 'Dvdk[kwfaygifAsm/ wu,fvlawGudk toHbufu a&m?
rD;bufua&m? qufwifbufua&m? &Icif;bufua&m? [m...enf;ygbl;Asm?
udk,fwm0ef,lNyD; vkyf&wJUtvkyfawG/ tckonftvkyftaMumif;onfrQ a&;jy&wmbJ?
uRefawmfyifyef;vmw,f/ awmfNyD/
pma&;q&mtvkyfonf wudk,fawmftvkyf/ 'g&dkufwmtvkyfu trsm;aumif;rS
tavmif;vSoAs/
&kyf&Siftvkyfonf odef;csD&if;í odef;csDjrwfEdkif &IH;Edkifyg\/ odkUaomf &kyf&SifZmwf
um;wckudk uRefawmfonf 0w¬Kwyk'f pmwtkyfavmuf wefbdk;rxm;yg/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf q&mokcudk,fwdkif [dkwaeUu uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmNyD; ]]a[haumif? rif;b0
ZmwfaMumif; yxrtkyf? 'kwd,tkyf? wwd,tkyf ay;prf;uGm}}qdkí uRefawmfcsufjcif;bJ
,lay;vdkufEdkifyg\/
uJ...uRefawmfu tck ]]q&m&JU *kPf&nfawG um;eJUb0oHo&m Zmwfum;Munfhcsif
ygw,f}}qdkvQif 'if;jyEdkifygrvm;/ &kyf&Sifqdkwmu aumuf&dk;rD;/ NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf
[mrsKd;yg/
'gayr,fh uRefawmf &kyf&SifZmwfaqmifawmh vkyfcsifoAs/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'g[m
0goembJ ajym&rSmbJ/ uRefawmfi,fpOf vlysKdaygufu &kyf&Sifrif;om; jzpfcsifcJU
aMumif;udk azmfjycJUygNyD/ rjzpfcJU/ odkUaomftoufBuD;í pma&;q&mjzpfNyD;awmhrS &kyf&SifxJ
yg0ifcGifh&awmhonf/
uRefawmfESifh&kyf&Sif
uRefawmf yxrOD;qkH; ygcJUaomum;rSm toHwdwf? ,sav;vkH; Zmwfum;jzpfyg onf/
a&Tjrifhrdk&f ukrÜPD? 'g&dkufwmOD;b&Sif? rif;om;opf (þwum;xJ&dkuf&onf)
cifarmifaomif;? rif;orD; arEk? 1949 ckESpfavmufu xifygonf/ xdkpOfü OD;b&Sifonf
ajreDukef; r[mNrdKifvrf;wGifaeí uRefawmfhtdrfESifheD;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdUykvif;wl zefcGuf
csif; tifrwef&if;ESD;Mu\/ xdkpOfrSmyif uRefawmfonf 'g&dkufwmvkyf&aumif;Edk; ol&kyf&Sif
&dkuf&m vdkufavhvmygonf/
waeUoüawmh a&Tjrifhrdk&fNcHxJwGif OD;b&Sifu ]]udkaqGwcef;ygAsm}}qdkí uRefawmf
zdk;ygcsifrSm ygvdkuf&ygonf/ bk&ifhorD;awmf Muif,ma&G;yGJü ckESpfjynfaxmif rif;om;rsm;
<ua&mufvmjcif;jzpfay&m Mu,feD? oef;EGJU? jrifhaz? cspfarmif? aomMum? uRefawmfaygh
cifAsm? [mocef;/
'DZmwfum;jyvdkU udk,fh&kyfudk,fMunfhrdawmh pdwfysufvdkuf? &SufvdkufwmAsm/
uRefawmfwkdUae&mu vl&Tifawmfcef;/ [dkvlawGuawmh jyZmwfuçaeus? &kyf&Sif&dkufaeus
vl&TifawmfawGbJAs/ y&dowf&,fatmif vkyfwwfMuwmbJ/ uRefawmfhrawmh pE´ukr®m
rif;aomfwm qdkwJUpmwrf;BuD;eJU xGufvmygw,f/ ykqdk;awmif&Snf? xdkifrodrf;tusÐ?
vnfyif;ykwD;BuD;eJU? em;rSm pD;u&ufAl;u ukvm;a&TawG em;awmif;yefvkdU? acgif;u
t0wfpwckudk ywfwD;vdkpnf;NyD;? ,yfawmifudk acgif;aygif;p vkyfxm;oAs/
rsufESmBuD;u vJ rtDrv,fBuD;eJU/
tJ'Dtcef; &dkufpOfwkef;u uRefawmf[m &Jaq;&,fvdkU wifxm;wm awmfawmfbJ
rl;aew,f/ OD;b&Sif[m uifr&meHab;em;u &,fNyD; 0g;jcrf;wacsmif; axmifjy&if;....
]]udkaqG? a[m'D0g;jcrf;jywm rif;orD;bJAs? 'gudkMunfhNyD;awmh irf;wJUtrlt&m vkyfyg}}
&kyf&Sifuifr&ma&SUrSm yxrOD;qkH; rwfwwf&yfzl;wJU taumif? uRefawmfbmvkyf
wwfrnfenf;/ vlrSm r&IEdkif? ru,fEdkif? rtDrv,fBuD;om jzpfaewmaygh/
pifppf þtvkyfrsKd;onf vGefpGmtavhtusifh vdkyg\/ Stage Fright ac: ZmwfckHay:ü
aMumuf&GHUjcif;? Audience Fright a[majymyGJü vlxkudk aMumuf&GHUjcif;/ Camera
Fright ac: uifr&ma&SUrSm aMumuf&GHUjcif;wdkUonf avhusifhí ratmifjrifrD wGif
&SdpNrJyif/
,if;wkdUonf wbmompD oD;jcm;aMumuf&GHUrI jzpfonf/ jyZmwfuaeolonf
&kyf&Sifuifr&ma&SU a&mufawmh vefUao;wmbJ/ &kyf&Siform;vnf; ZmwfckHay:rSm tusifh
r&SdvQifr&/ jyZmwf&kyf&Siform;&,fvdkU vlxka&SUrSm a[majymjzpfrnfrxifESifh/ wrsKd;pD
usifh,l&onf/
uRefawmf\ 'kwd,um;rSm &Ir0u vmvkvkai;ygcifAsm;/ tJ'Dum;rSmvJ redyfao;?
&ifckefwkef;bJ/ wwd,ajrmufum; om"k&JU {nfhonf Zmwfum;rsm tawmfav; jzpfvmNyD;?
aemuf tu,fíom ESifh zwfpfuvyf wkdUusawmh uRefawmfatmifjrifygNyD/
zwfpfuvyfrSm uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmf awmfawmftm;&ygonf/ Zmwfvrf;\ &nf&G,f
csufudk OD;aqmif&olvJjzpfae\/ y&dowf\ csD;rGrf;jcif;udkvnf; &cJUyg\/
om"k\ Zmwfum;rsm;xJwGif arEGJUESifh uRefawmfvifr,m;csnf; vkyf&&m?
uRefawmfhtwGuf tuGuf0ifvmjcif;jzpfae\/ taMumif;rSm arEGJUESifh uRefawmfwGif
&mZ0ifaMu;av; &Sdae\/
1949-ckESpf NrdKUawmfcef;rwGif 0efZif;rif;&mZm jyZmwfupOfu a&Tnmarmif OD;csif;pdefu
rif;om; armif&mZm? uRefawmfu armif&mZm&JU nDav; armifqif? arEGJUu rif;orD;?
armif&mZmuawmf/
ta&;BuD;qkH;tcef;rSm &Sifbk&ifu armif&mZmudk tac:vTwfawmh? ZeD;jzpfol[m
olUvifawmfarmif rif;jypfrif;'PfoifhNyDxifí arEGJUonf ]]atmifrav; udk&mZm&JU?
udk&mZm&JU}}[k atmfNyD;awmh uefUvefUumuG,frS ajy;xGuftvm? uRefawmfESifh a&Tnm
armifu v,fuGif;&Icif;rSm EGm;&kyfawGeJU v,fxGef[efjyKae&mu arEGJUatmfoHMum;awmh
xGefem;ucGmNyD; ZmwfckHa&SUydkif; rdkufu&dkzkef;atmufrSm xdwfvefUwJU trlt&mawGeJU
rwfwwf&yfae/
arEGJUu ajy;xGufvmwJUNyD;? a&Tnmarmifa&SUrSm ypfvSJvdkufawmh? a&Tanmarmifu
tdkufwifcHaewkef;? uRefawmfu bmvkyf&rSef;rodbJ? wckckawmh vkyfrSbJqdkNyD;? vkyfrdvkyf
&m arEGJUudk zwfueJ aumufayGUvdkufw,f/ tJ'g yxrOD;qkH;nudk;As/ uRefawmfeJUZmwf
wdkufxm;wmvJ r[kwfzl;/
trSefu a&Tnmarmifu rif;om;tdkufwifeJU wjznf;jznf;udk,fudk auG;vmNyD;rS
rif;orD;udk ,k,k,,av; ayGUcsDrSmudkAs/ 'Dae&mu vGrf;cef;/
ckawmh olUrif;orD;u uRefawmfhvufxJ a&mufaeawmh rif;om;vJ udk,fBuD; udkif;udkif;eJU
rpefUwiefUjzpfNyD;? avoHcyfwkd;wdk;eJU ]]a[haumif....jyefcs jyefcs...}}qdkawmh uRefawmfuvJ
pdwfysufvufysuf jzpfNyD; zkwfueJ vTwfcsvdkufawmh? arEGJUawmfawmf atmifhoGm;&Smw,f/
toHwdk;wkd;uav;eJU ]]aoawmhrSmbJ}}vdkU nnf;w,f/
'geJU ZmwfckHaemufuG,fa&mufMuawmh arEGJUu uRefawmfhudk&efawGUoAs/ ]]usKyfu
rif;orD; rif;om;uayGU&rSmudk &Sifu bmvdkUayGU&wmvJ? rif;orD;udk ayGUcsifzufcsif&if
rif;om;jzpfatmif vkyfawmfa&U}wJU/
tck om"k&JU Zmwfum;awGrSm oleJU uRefawmfeJU vifr,m;csnf; vkyf&awmh uRefawmfu
[dkaemufaMumif; jyefazmfNyD; ]]b,fhES,fvJ..a':a&TEJGU}}vdkU tom;,lvdkufoAs/ 'Dawmh
oluvJ atmufusrcHyg/ ]][kwfygw,f usKyfvifBuD;&,f...eufzefcgawmh acgufqGJaMumf
0,fcJUtkH;aemf}}wJU/
arEGJUESifh uRefawmfrSm vifr,m;vkyfMu&ef touf&G,fcsif;? &kyf&nfcsif;? tom;
a&mifcsif;? vdkufzufnDonf[k ajymMuonf/ &kyf&Sif&dkufaomtcg ESpfa,mufwJG&mü
tom;a&mifcsif; wlnDbdkUvdkonf/ taMumif;rSm rD;a&mifay;&mü tom;ndKoludkwrsKd;?
tom;jzLoludkwzkH? rD;a&miftenf;trsm;? teD;ta0; ay;&onf/ arEGJUESifh uRefawmf onf
ESpfa,mufpvkH; tom;jzLolrsm; jzpfMuonf/
'g&dkufwmaumif;
om"konf 'g&dkufwmaumif;wa,muf jzpfonfudk txl;ajymp&mrvdk/ ol\yxr
OD;qkH;um; uBuD;a&u wGifZmwfum;? rif;om; xGef;a0? rif;orD; jrwfrGef? 'g&dkufwm
om"k? tu,f'rD 4 ck&&SdcJUonf/ p&dwfu usOf;usOf;ESifhvnf; Zmwfum;jzpfatmif
&dkufEdkifonf/ zwfpfuvyf Zmwfum;rSm xGef;a0ESifh jrwfrGef? aomfwmaqGESifh arEGJU?
þav;a,mufxJom trsm;qkH;&dkufí NyD;pD;oGm;onf/ qufwif tcrf;tem;uaum
bm&Sdoenf;/ arEGJUESifh uRefawmf\twGif;0ef{nfhcef;/ pmyGJ? ukvm;xdkif? cef;qD;?
vdkufum om;om;em;em;av;ESifh jrwfrGef? xGef;a0wdkU vifr,m;\ '&dkifAmtcef;/
trsm;tm;jzifh þESpfcef;xJESifhbJ olUpwl'D,dkxJrSm NyD;atmif&dkufoGm;\/
om"k pdwf&SnfykH? onf;cHEdkifpGrf;&SdykHvnf; ajym&OD;rnf/ waeUoü uRefawmfwkdU onf
reuf 11em&DcefU uwnf;u pç&dkufvdkufMu&m? nae 5em&Davmuf a&mufawmh
uJ..'DaeUtzdkUNyD;NyD? tm;vkH;jyefEdkifNyD[k aMunmNyD; wcPü uifr&mzvifudk xkwfae
aom "mwfykHq&monf rsufESmysufoGm;vsuf om"ktm; ]][m...q&ma&? uifr&m*srf;jzpf
vdkUtxJu zvifawG rvnfbl;Asm}}
t"dyÜm,frSm tm;vkH; 'DaeU&dkuforQ t&kyfrxifbl;aygh/ uRefawmfwkdUrSm tm;vkH; [,fueJ
jzpfoGm;Muaomfvnf;? om"krSmrl rsufESmrysufzJ NyKH;&TifpGmbJ "mwfykHq&m\
yckH;udkykwfvdkufNyD; ]]'gbmjzpfovJ? jyef&dkufwmaygh}}[k qdkí tvkyform;tm;vkH;bufodkU
]]uJ..&JabmfwkdU? 'dkUEdkuf&Iwif? nquf&dkufMur,f...}}
uRefawmfwkdUrSm rjiif;om/ aeUpm;tvkyform;wkdUrl ESpfq&MurnfrdkU 0rf;omMu ukef\/
,if;odkUjzpf&onfrSm tvkyfMuefUMumoGm;onfhjyif vltpdwf okH;q,favmufBuD;
npmxrif; csufauR;&onfrSmvnf; &Sdao;\/ pm;zdkrSL; olUtr a':blwDtm; csufjcif;
bJ um;ESifh aps;odkUvTwfvdkuf\/
&kyf&Sif&dkuf&mwGif tcuftcJaygif; rsm;pGm&Sdav&m? tcsKdU'g&dkufwmwkdUonf
pdwfwdkif;rusvQif qJqdkjcif;? atmfaigufjcif;? Budrf;armif;jcif;rsm; jyKwwfMuaomfvnf;
om"krl &kyf&Sif&dkuf&mrSm pdwfwkdjcif;? nnf;nLjcif;? enf;enf;av;rQr&Sday/ tNrJwrf;bJ
olUrsufESm NyKH;NyKH;ESifh oifMum;jyoay;ae\/ trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; jzpfvQifvnf; ]]tcg
w&mrrSm;Edkifygbl; oli,fcsif;&m? qufvkyf}}[k tm;ay;wwfygonf/
om"k\jzwfxkd;OmPf
om"k &kyf&Sif&dkuf&mrSm rnfonfurQ rSD;jcif;? cdk;jcif;r&Sd/ ol\udk,fydkif0w¬K udk,fydkif
pdwful;rsm;omjzpf&m? ZmwfnTef;udk BudKa&;rxm;/ &dkuf&if;rS wuGufNyD;wuGuf? wcef;NyD;
wcef; a&;oGm;\/ olUom;armif0PÖ (,cktu,f'rD& 'g&dkufwm)u Zmwfvrf;rSwfwrf;
wif&\/
{nfhonf Zmwfum;udk &dkufpOfuawm&GmrS OD;Mu,feD? a':pdefcifvifr,m;onf NrdKUay:&Sd
uRefawmfESifh a':arEGJUwdkUtdrfrSm vma&mufwnf;cdkonf/ OD;Mu,feDrSm nnwGif
toHNyJBuD;ESifh xxatmfaom a&m*gqdk;&Sdojzifh uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;rSm tdyfaumif;jcif;
rtdyf&? cP cPxNyD; olUudkjyKpk&onf/ uRefawmfwkdU\om; 7wef;ausmif;om;av;rSm
vnf; pmMunfh&mwGif taESmifht&Sufjzpf&\/ {nfhonf 'ku©ay;wJUoabmayghAsm/ xdkpOf
uom;vkyfolrSm armif0PÖ/
uRefawmfESifharEGJUvifr,m;rSm tdyf&mrS tvefUwMum;uref;uwef;? uydku&dk
x&onfhtcef;rsm;yg&m? uRefawmfwkdU\ ukwifab;pmyGJay:rSm vSyaomrD;oD; zeftkyf
aqmif;BuD;&Sd\/
uRefawmftdyf&mrS pdwfysufpGm xxdkifonfh wcef;&dkufNyD; aemufwcef; &dkuf&ef uifr&mESifh
rD;taetxm;udk tvkyform;awG ajymif;Mu&mwGif xdkzeftkyfaqmif;udk
rD;BudK;wacsmif;ESifh rawmfwq &dkufrdojzifh atmufusí tpdwfpdwft>rm>rm uGJoGm;
awmh\/
þtcgrSm toif'g&dkufwmqdkvQif bmvkyfrnfenf;/ 'Dtcef; cP&yfxm;NyD;? 'Dzef
tkyfaqmif;rsKd; aemufwckoGm;0,fcdkif;rnfxifyg\/ onfae&muvnf; jyefxyf&dkufp&m
&Sdao;onf/
om"kum; þodkUr[kwf/ olUezl;ol vufnId;wcsufaxmufí pOf;pm;vdkufNyD;? uifr&mudk
jyifapum zeftkyfaqmif; usuGJoH? toHwk wckvkyfvkdufNyD;? arEGJUu ]]tr,f
av;awmf}}atmfí ajy;vmum jzpfrSjzpf&avqdkaom trlt&mrsKd;ESifh rsufESmteD;uyf
wcsuf&dkufonf/ uRefawmfu ]]rif;aMumifu <uufwifr[kwf tdrfajrSmifyg ckwfoudk;uG}}
[k vlrygbJ toHcsnf;ajymvkduf&onf/ NyD;vQif arEGJUajcaxmufem;rSm zeftkyfaqmif;
tpdwftpdwf>rm>rm uGJaeykHudk &dkufvdkufonf/ xdkUaemuf om"ktdrfu aMumifBuD; pwl'D,dk
xJ,lvmNyD;? uifr&ma&SUrSm xGufajy;atmif ausmukef;vuf0g;ESifh &dkufvTwfvkdufonf/
zeftkyfaqmif;topf 0,fp&mrvdkawmhbJ obm0tuGufwckwdk;í ydkaumif;oGm;av
onf/
ZmwfaumifudkifykH
uRefawmfonf ,cifu ],sav;vkH;}ESifh ]vmvkvkai;}rSm &dkufcJUbl;onfqdkaomf vnf;
rjzpfpavmufzJ &if'dwf'dwfckefjcif; raysmufao;rlí om"kESifh pwif&dkufawmh
tpdrf;oufoufyif jzpfygonf/ þvdktpdrf;t&dkif;udk om"kudkifykHrSm nifomvSonf/
yxrtprSm vlcsif;yif wGJray;ao;acs/ Oyrm arEGJUESifhuRefawmf vifr,m;pum;ajym
cef;udk rD;zdkcef;xJrSm arEGJUwa,mufwnf; ]]'DrSm udkaomfa&}}[k uRefawmfhac:oHESifh
wuyf&dkufvdkufNyD;rS wzef{nfhcef;rSm uRefawmfhwa,mufwnf; rD;zdkbuf em;pGifh[efESifh
]]bmvJ rEGJU}}
þodkUpum;wdkwdkav;awGESifh uRefawmfhudkp&dkufcJUonf/ arEGJUvdk obm&ifh tu,f'rD&
rif;orD;BuD;ESifhwGJ&onfrSm uRefawmfhtzdkUrvG,f/ olUtrlt&mudkvdkufEdkif atmif?
tdkifwifcHEdkifatmif BudK;pm;&ygonf/ arEGJUuvnf; uRefawmfhudk oifMum;ay;yg onf/
om"ku uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;ESpfa,muftcsDtcs ajym&rnfhpum;udk a&;ay;NyD;
aomtcg? uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufonf pwl'D,dk axmifhwae&moGm;í wa,mufESifh
wa,muf tjyeftvSef wwGwfwGwfajymMu&onf/ 'Dae&mrSm uRefawmfu arEGJUudk
wu,fh udk,fhr,m;vdk pdwfxJrSmxm;&onf/ ,if;rSm &kyf&Sif\oabm w&m;trSefyifjzpf
acsonf/
&kyf&Sif&dkuf&efum;ESifh vdkufac:aomtcg a':arEGJUtdrfu yxrjyefí? a':arEGJU
uRefawmfhtdrfodkU ygvmaomtcg a':arEGJUu uRefawmfhZeD;tm; ]]'DrSm ara&... tck
tcsdefupNyD; pwl'D,dku rjyefrcsif; udkaomfwmaqG[m usrvifjzpfNyD&Sifh}}[k aemufovdk
ajymí uRefawmfhtm;vnf; ]]awmfhr,m;ar r[kwfawmhbl;aemf}}[k pdwf"mwfudkoGif;ay;
aomoabmESifh ajym&Smygonf/
xdkUaMumifh þzwfpfuvyfum;ü a':arEGJUESifh uRefawmfhtwJGrSm aumif;rGefpGm
atmifjrifygonf/
om"kvnf; þZmwfum;wGif uRefawmfhudk tawmftm;&ykHay:í ]]a[h...eifhudk
y&dkzuf&Sife,fvf tuúwmjzpfatmifvkyfay;r,f? aemuf ig&dkufr,fh ]aps;onf}Zmwfum;
rSm eifeJUarEGJUbJ wGJay;r,f}}[kajymNyD; uRefawmfhtm; p&HaiGawmif ay;xm;vdkufygao;
onf/ odkUaomf &kyf&Sife,frSm ,ckvuf&Sd tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh Zmwfum;rsm; t&dkuf
usJav&m? om"k\ ]aps;onf} Zmwfum;rSm ,aeUtxd r&dkufjzpfao;/
om"k\ ]zwfpfuvyf}um;NyD;rS aemufwum; uRefawmf&dkufonfrSm ]udk,fxif
ukwifa&Teef;}/ ,if;rSm uRefawmf\ yy0wD 0w¬Kudk emrnfajymif;&dkufjcif; jzpfonf/
'D0w¬Kudk 'g&dkufwm udka0Zif? xkwfvkyfol a':arjrwdkUESifh pwifqufoG,fpOfu
uRefawmfhtm; ZmwfnTef;vnf; a&;ay;&ef? Zmwfaqmif wae&mvnf;yg&ef ajym\/
'Dawmh uRefawmfu (udk,fh0w¬K udk,fzsufypf&rnf) ZmwfnTef;awmh ra&;csifawmhbl;Asm/
Zmwfaqmifawmh ygr,f/
þZmwfum;udk &kHwifjyoawmh? arESifh uRefawmfESpfa,muftwlMunfhaepOf?
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm rcsdwifuJ cHpm;rIa0'emw&yf ay:vmygonf/
Munfhprf;...þ0w¬K uRefawmfa&;pOfu? uRefawmfu vlysKdat;aqG? aru
awmifBuD;ua0[lí pdwful;,Of orD;&nf;pm;Zmwfvrf; zefwD;cJU&m? ,ck &kyf&SifxJus
awmh at;aqGae&mrSm vl&Tifawmf rif;om;pdefjrifh? arhae&mrSm rif;orD;wifwifEGJU/
uRefawmfudk,fwdkifu rkqdk;zdkolaX;BuD; OD;ausmfrif;vkyf&NyD;? udk,fhtdrfu tapcHrav;udk
udk,fhwlqDu vk,lwJUtcef;? b,fedyfyghrvJAsm/
EdkUNyD;...þ0w¬xJrSmygonfh arESifhuRefawmf tjyeftvSef a&;cJUonfh&nf;pm;pmrsm; udk
wD;uGufoGif;í pdefjrifhESifh wifwifEGJUqdk[ef oDcsif;awGMum;&awmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJ
wrsKd;BuD;bJ/ 'geJUarhudk uRefawmfuajymjyawmh ]]tdk....armifuvJ? ckarmifhtouft&G,f
u [dkwkef;uvdkrS r[kwfawmhwmbJ? OD;ausmfrif;t&G,f a&mufaeNyD? OD;ausmfrif;vkyfwm
bJaumif;ygw,f}}[k Z&mudkjyaom ESpfodrfhpum;udk ajymyg\/
,if;onfrSefyg\/ udka0Zifonfvnf; om"kuJUodkUyif Zmwfaumifudkif&mrSm pdwf&Snfí
odrfarGUnifomol? oifMum;jyorI aumif;rGefoljzpfjcif;aMumifh uRefawmfonf
OD;ausmfrif;ae&mü udk,fhudk,fudk rqdk;vS[k rSwfcsufcs&\/
uRefawmfESifhwGJ&aom rdef;uav;rSm touf 18ESpf atmuf&Sdao;onf/ uRefawmfu
50ausmfaeNyD/ 'gudk [mojzpfatmif Zmwfvrf;ESifhtrlt&mu o,faqmif &\/
a':arjru olwkdUaemufZmwfum;&dkufvQif uRefawmfhudk ac:OD;rnf[k ajymxm;yg onf/
odkUaomf ]udk,fxif ukwifa&Teef;}NyD;rS ,aeUwdkif olwdkUrSm aemufwum;&dkufcGifh r&ao;/
xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfvnf; ]udk,fxif ukwifa&Teef;}NyD;rS ]Zmcef;qD;aemufuG,f rSm}wGif
rif;atmif? a'gif;EG,faqGwdkUESifh rawmufwacguf ygvdkuf&onf/ xdkUaemuf r&Sdawmh/
odkUtwGuf ]]q&m....tck bmum;&dkufaeovJ}}[k ar;aomolrsm;ESifhawGUaom tcg
]]bmum;rS r&dkufygbl;}}ajymawmh? ar;olu rauseyfzJ ]][if...bmvdkUr&dkufovJ?
&dkufygtkH;q&m...}}
'DawmhrS uRefawmfu &ifzGifh&awmh\/
]]usKyfuawmh &dkufvdkufcsifwm aovka&mAsKdU? tJ'giSm;r,fhukrÜPDeJU 'g&dkufwmu
r&SdvdkUAs...}}
a[m...tckawmh wum;&dkuf&OD;rnfxifygonf/ Zmwfum;&SnfBuD;awmh r[kwfrl bJ
a&Tjynfpdk;&kyf&SifrS ]awmifwe;fjymrS ae0ef;eD}Zmwfum;ESifhwGJjy&ef aywaxmifrQum;wdk
uav;/ rMumcP toHvTifhavh&Sdaom uRefawmf\ vlUraem Zmwfum;udk rif;orD;
aygufpav;rsm;ESifh aomfwmaqGudk,fwdkif 'efUovGefoD;a&mif;ykHudk 'g&dkufwm
udkausmfqef;u &dkuful;ygvdrfhr,f/ aiGa&mifydwfum;ay:rSm ajrSmfawmfrl/
uJ...onfv onfrQESifh&yfem;í a&SUvrSm qufzwfygcifAsm;/
aA'ifvu©PmynmESifh uRefawmf\ ,kHMunf,lqcsuf
vGefcJUaom Mo*kwfv &Ir0r*¾Zif;ü ]]uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; (22)wGif? aA'if
vu©Pmq&maygufp ausmfrsKd;xGef;u uRefawmfhtouf 55 uausmf 56 xJ0ifvQif
taumif;xJa&mufygNyD/ odkUaomf arG;vtvGef N*dKvful;N*dKvfajymif;av;rSm 0rf;Adkuf
Oy'fay;p&m&Sdonf[k a[monfhtwdkif;? yxr 0rf;udkufNyD;aemuf? acG;&l;udkufcH&í?
0rf;AdkufrSmbJ aq; 16 csuf txdk;cH&ojzifh? olUa[mudef;rSefvSacs\[k azmfjycJUaom
aMumifh? uRefawmfhpmzwfy&dowfxHrS ]]q&m...aA'ifudk,kHovm;? aA'ifvu©Pmudk
b,fvdkoabmxm;ovJ}}[k tcsKyftm;jzifhqdkaom ar;cGef;rsm; a&mufvmMuygonf/
odkUtwGuf ,ck uRefawmfhoabmxm;udk azmfjyygtHU/
pifppf uRefawmfonf aA'ifvu©Pmynmudk 0goemygolr[kwf/ onfpmtkyfrsKd; awG
zwfavhvJr&Sd/ ydkufqHay;í ar;jref;jcif;vJ rjyKwwf/ odkU&mwGif uRefawmfhtm;
pma&;q&mwa,muftaejzifh Munfhprf;yg&apqdkaom aA'ifvu©Pm ynm&Sifrsm;\
a[mMum;jcif;rsm;udkawmh Mum;emcJUbl;ay&m? ¤if;wkdUrSm trSefBuD;vJ&Sd\/ trSefav;vJ&Sd
\/ bmrQrrSefolrsm;vJ &SdMuonfhteuf rSefonfrsm;udkom a&G;cs,fazmfjyygrnf/
yxrOD;qkH; rSefol
uRefawmf pma&;q&mtjzpfa&mufrS yxrOD;qkH; rSefuefpGm a[mcJUolrSm rEåav; NrdKUrS
q&moef;jzpfygonf/
rEåvm omwJUaus;qDu?
tjyefrSm pmzGJUa&;cJUr,fuG,fh?
nSmEGJUav;&,fwJU odpzG,f/
tpwkef;uawmh?
vSzkef;vmygqdkvdkU?
rSmwmudk ysKdararhNyDvm;?
apmifh&ufawG udk;q,fjynfhawmifrS?
awGU&atmifolrzefbl;?
wrl[ef pdwfawmfajymif;w,fxifh?
vSrsufjc,f EG,fEG,faESmif;&,f
acgif;a&Smifawmhw,f/
unmEGJUysKd aysmfwJUp&dkufu,feJU?
csmwJUudk,f iaomfrdkufudkv?
vmcJUqdk ua&mfwdkufwmvmh?
ar;vdkufcsifh oufvS,f&,f?
b,fhES,fvJ ndKaoG;/
tckrsm;
olUtm; rrifomvdkU?
Muif&Smol ayG&wufu,feJU?
raeom jyefrnf&ufrSmjzifh?
aemifhoZif armifhMuifoufudk
cGef;qufcJUao;/ /
onfav;csKd;[m tcef; 13 uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif; 'kwd,tkyfrSm ygNyD;ygNyD/
yxrOD;qkH; aA'ifrSefwJUtcsdefeJU wdkufqdkifvdkU EIwfxJa&mufvmvdkU aumufa&;rdvdkufwm
uawmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJ a&S;jzpfa[mif; atmufarhNyD;? i,frli,fpdwfaygufvmvdkUygbJ
cifAsm/ 'Dav;csKd;udk 1954 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvxJrSm? uRefawmfhtouf 35ESpfu? arNrdKUvm;&Id;
vrf; e*g;a':OD;wdkufxJrSm a&;cJUygw,f/ 'Dav;csKd;zwfawmh&if pmzwfolpdwfxJrSm
rdef;uav;wa,muf ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ cktcsdefrSmqdk&if oluav;[m &Sdr&Sd rodawmh
bl;/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSmvJ ol[m aysmufuG,foGm;cJUygNyD/ 'Dav;csKd;bJtzwfwifaeyg
w,f/ oleJUuRefawmf Zmwfvrf;tqkH;owf[m tJ'DuAsmxJrSm tjynfhtpkH ygygw,f/
'Dav;csKd;udk rEåav; jrefrmhvrf;pOfowif;pmxJrSmygNyD;? uRefawmfjyefrnfhaeU
w&uftvdkrSm rEåav;a&Tjynf&yf? a&TjynfqDpufydkif&Sif? uRefawmfhrdwfaqG udkvSaz[m
tom;jzLjzL? rsufESm0dkif;0dkif;? t&yfcyfjywfjywf? touf uRefawmfhavmufzJ cefUrSef;&wJU
vlwa,mufeJU uRefawmf&Sd&m q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;tdrfa&mufvmNyD; rdwfzGJUay;ygw,f/
udkvSaz[m eef;awmfuRef;&GmZmwdbJ/ uRefawmfpma&;q&mrjzpfrD? eef;awmfuRef; rSm
]b&ef'Dwykvif;}0w¬K a&;aewkef;uwnf;u oduRrf;cifrifcJUMuwmrdkU? uRefawmfhrlv
emrnftwdkif;....
]]'DrSm udkusifarmif? olu vu©Pmq&m q&moef;yg/ pma&;q&m aomfwmaqG vu©Pm
MunfhcsifvdkUwJU}}qdkojzifh ae&mxdkifcif;ay;NyD; q&moef;tm; uRefawmfhvufudk
jzefUjyvdkuf&ygonf/
xdktcsdefu uRefawmfhpma&;ouf 7 ESpfrQ&Sdao;í? q&moef;a[monfrSm
uRefawmfonfpma&;q&mtjzpfESifh onfxufemrnfBuD;&OD;rnf/ pma&;q&mtjzpfeJUbJ
wnfNrJoGm;rnf? odkUaomf tajctaeawmh ajymif;vJbdkU&Sdonf/ taumif;bufrsm;ygonf
ponfjzifha[mNyD; aemufqkH;wGif uRefawmfhtm; ]]q&mhrSm tckvuf&Sd tdrfaxmifeJUr[kwf
vm;}} ar;NyD;? uRefawmfu acgif;ndwfawmh ]]'gayr,fh tcktdrfaxmifeJUuGJNyD; aemuftdrf
axmifjyK&awmhr,f? odyfrMumbl;? vydkif;bJvdkawmhw,f}}[k ZlvkdifvxJwGif a[mvkduf&m?
arESifh uRefawmfonf xdkESpf Edk0ifbmvxJwGif nm;oGm;Muygownf;/
'kwd,tBudrf rSefuefjcif;
þtBudrf a[mMuolrsm;uawmh aA'ifq&m vkyfpm;Muolrsm;r[kwf/ taysmfwrf;
0goem&Sifrsm;jzpfMuaom uRefawmfholi,fcsif;rsm;? pma&;q&m rif;&Sifaemif(uG,fvGef)
ESifh udkarmifarmif (awmifBuD;)wdkUjzpf\/
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufrdkU rSwfrdygonf/ 1960ck ESpfOD;avmufrSm xifygonf/
&Gmwef;&Snf&Sd wvtpdwfESifh uRefawmfiSm;&rf;ae&aom tdrfi,fuav;wGif uRefawmfh
rdwfaqGo*F[awG vmaeustwdkif; udkarmifarmifhum;ESifh rif;&Sifaemifa&mufvmMuNyD;?
uRefawmfwkdUxkH;pH t&ufaomufaeMupOf? rif;&Sifaemifonf uRefawmfhvu©Pmudk
Munfhygonf/ arG;aeU? &uf? v? ckESpfouú&mZfudkar;ygonf/ uRefawmfuajymNyD;...
]]udk,fhvl aumif;wm&Sd&ifoma[m? raumif;wm&Sd&if pdwfrcsrf;omatmif rajymeJU}}
olonf pm&GufESifh wGufcsufMunfhNyD;...
]]udk,fhvlZmwmrSm raumif;wmr&Sdygbl;? uJ...udk,fxl;xl;jcm;jcm;awGUwm
ajymvdkufr,fa[h? armif&if[m 'Dtdrfuav;u rMumcif ajymif;a&TU&awmhr,fa[h}}
]]tvdkav;...b,fudkajymif;&rSmvJAsm}}
]]'Dxufaumif;wJUtdrf? 'DxufomwJUae&m}}
]]uRefawmfhrSm bm&nf&G,fcsufrSr&Sdbl;}}
]]armif&ifhrSm &nf&G,fcsufr&Sdayr,fh armif&ifh uHZmwmu jyaew,fcifAs}}
]]'g[m rjzpfEdkifbl;? uRefawmfu 'Dtdrfuav;udkvJ ESpfoufw,fAsm? 'Dt&yfrSmvJ
aysmfw,fAsm? b,frS ajymif;csifa&TUcsifpdwfr&Sdbl;? EdkUNyD; cifAsm;a[mwm rjzpfEdkifwm
ajym&tkH;r,f? uRefawmfu a[m'Dtdrfuav;udk 0,fbdkUpdwful;xm;wmAs? tdrf&Sifu
a&mif;csifw,f ajymoHMum;w,f? waxmifavmufay;&if &r,fxifw,f? tck uRefawmfh
0w¬K&dkufwJU ]bGaEåm}Zmwfum; &kHwifNyD;&if udkbcefUqDu usefaiG 2000d&r,f? tJ'Dawmh
0,fr,fvdkU uRefawmfwdkU vifr,m;wdkifyifNyd;om;}}
]][kwfw,f? q&mrif;&Sifaemif&JU}}[k teD;&Sd aruyg axmufcHawmh? aA'ifq&m olU[mol
Za0Z0gjzpfoGm;NyD; olwGufcsufxm;wmawGudk udkarmifarmifhjyw,f/ olwkdU[m 'DynmrSm
t,ltqcsif;wlnDMuw,f/ ESpfa,mufom; b,f'if;u bmnmeJU uRefawmf
em;rvnfwJU aA'ifpum;wG ajymMuNyD;wJUaemuf udkarmifarmifu &J&ifhjywfom;wJUrsuf
ESmESifh....
]]rif;&Sifaemifajymwm [kwfw,fudkaqG? cifAsm; 'Dtdrfu ajymif;&rSmawmh ]odMum; rif;
zsufawmif rysufEdkifygbl;&Sif jzpfaeNyD}}
]]atmifr,fav;Asm...b,fvdktaMumif;eJU b,fvdktdrfrsKd;udkygvdrfh}}
]]cifAsm;rdbvufxufrSm b,fvdktdrfrsKd; aecJUvJ? tck 'DvdktdrfrsKd;av; r[kwfzl;
rIwfvm;}}
]]b,f [kwfrSmwkef;Asm?....'gawmh}} xdktcsdefü uRefawmf cyfrl;rl;vJ &Sdvmí ]]cifAsm;u
awmifBuD;u w&kwfolaX;wefzJ,m;om; wdkufeJUaecJUovdk uRefawmfvJ awm
v,fydkif&Sifom;bJAs? oGyfrdk; ysOfaxmiftdrfBuD;eJU aecJUwmayghAs...}}
]]tJ'DtdrfrsKd;bJ? cifAsm;tckajymif;&rSmu (Zmwm&Sifonf ,ckoufa&mufü rlv
i,fpOfuxuf redrfhusaom taersKd;rSm ae&r,f)wJUAs}}
]]uJ...'gjzifh udkarmifarmifa&...uRefawmfh taztdrf uRefawmfjyefrSbJ cifAsm;wkdU a[mudef;
rSefawmhr,f}}
]]jyifp&m rvdkbl;As? tdrfu tdrfopfwJUAs...}}
]]bk&m;...w&m;...uRefawmfhtaztdrfrsKd;? tdrfopfqdk&if 'D&efukefrSm waomif;ay; vdkU
&rSmvJr[kwf? iSm;aevJ vcw&mxuf ratmufzl;? uJ...onfawmh uRefawmfhtzdkU
b,fenf;eJUrS vrf;rjrif? 'Dt&yf 'DtdrfuvJ ajymif;csif a&TUcsifpdwfr&Sd}}
]]cifAsm; rvkyfcsifwdkif;jzpfr,f atmufarhovm; udkaqG? owå0gqdkwm uHxm;&m
rSmae&w,f? cifAsm; uHw&m;udk r,kHbl;vm;}}
]]uHqdkwm ur®uvmw,f? tvkyfudkajymwm r[kwfvm;Asm? 'Dawmh uRefawmfh tckvuf&Sd
vkyftm;0ifaiGeJU cifAsm;wkdUa[mwJU ykHpHu a0;vGef;vdkUAsm}}
]]'gayr,fh....uHqdkwmu tckvuf&Sd tvkyftjyif? [dktwdwfb0u tvkyf? uHuvJ
&Sdao;wmudk;As? 'gudk tckcifAsm;OmPfeJU b,fjrifEdkifrSmwkef;...}}
xdktcg rif;&Sifaemifu...
]]'DrSm....zdk;aqG? tcsdefu pum;ajymvdrfhr,fuGm....}}
]]at;...tJ'gtrSefqkH;bJ oli,fcsif;}}
tcsdef\ ,Eå&m;wGif owå0gwkdUonf jzpfcsdefwefjzpf? ysufcsdefwefysuf? wufcsdef
wufwuf? uscsdefus? &csdef&? ukefcsdefukef/ b,ft&mrQ wnfNrJonfr[kwf/
olwkdU uRefawmfhtm; aA'ifa[mMuNyD; okH;av;vtMum arvxJrSmxifygonf/
uRefawmfwkdU udkbcefUqDu aiG 2000d usyf&ygonf/ olwdkUa[mcJUwmvJ arhaeygNyD/
aiG&wJUaeU naeuRefawmfaeaom tdrf&Sif vifr,m;xHoGm;í ,ckaeaomtdrfudk
uRefawmf0,fcsifaMumif; ajymawmh? vifr,m;ESpfa,mufwdkifyifMuNyD;? axmifhESpf&m&vQif
a&mif;rnf[kajym&m? uRefawmfu bmrQ qpfwGufraeawmhbJ? aumif;NyD eufzefreuf
aiGacspmcsKyfMur,f}}[k ajymNyD; tdrfjyefcJU\/
tdrfa&mufí arhtm; ajymjyawmh...
]]tdk..armifuvJ 1200 usyfqdkwm 1000 usyfavmuf a&mif;csifvkdUjzpfrSm?
armifuqpfzdkUaumif;w,f..}}
]]tdk..udk,fay;EdkifwJU tajctae&SdaewmbJuGm? olwdkUajymqdkwJU aps;&w,fvdkUqdk NyD;
0rf;omMuygap...}}
odkUaomf uRefawmfhapwemESifh pdwfxifum; vGJacsNyD/ olwkdUwGufqMuonfum;
olwdkUqdkaps;udk uRefawmfurqpfzJ ay;vkdufonfrSm olwkdUtdrfonf onfxufru
wefaevdkU? 'DxufydkajymvJ &rSmygbJ[k atmufarhMurnf wl\/ aemufwaeUreufus
awmh 1200 usyfESifh ra&mif;Edkifawmhbl;? 1500 usyf&rS [kqdk\/ 'Dawmh uRefawmf
a'goxGufavNyD/
]][if...cifAsm; a,mufsm; r[kwfzl;vm;? a,mufsm;pum; rajymwwfzl;vm;?
awmf...cifAsm;tdrfudk b,favmufeJUay;ay; usKyfr0,fawmhbl;...}}
xdkrS wvausmfausmfrQ tMum waeUaomaeUv,fcif;ü uRefawmfhnD AdkvfrSL; armifat;
um;ESifha&mufvmNyD;...
]]tudkBuD;...uRefawmfeJU cPvdkufcJUprf;}}[k olUum;ESifh tck uRefawmfpmxdkifa&; aeaom
ajcmufrdkif rmvumNcHu þtdrfudkac:vmcJUNyD;...
]]tudkBuD;...'g....uRefawmf tudkBuD;bdkU aqmufwJU tdrfbJ? NyD;NyD 'DaeU0gqdkvqef;
13&uf? obufcg 0gqdkr,f? 'Dawmh eufzefcgbJ tudkBuD;ajymif;vmNyD; aeayawmh}}[k
þav;yif ywfywfvnf qif0iftdrfjrifhBuD;udk ay;tyfjcif;cH&ygaomaMumifh 1960 ckESpf?
Zlvdkifv 6 &ufaeUwGif rif;&Sifaemif? udkarmifarmifwkdU a[mudef;ESifhtnD ajymif;a&TU
&awmhygaMumif;/ tck 14 ESpfausmfNyDaygh cifAsm/
wwd,tBudrf rSefuefol
q&mrdkufu,fjzpf\/
1961 ckESpf? 62 ckESpfavmufubJpNyD; rdkufu,fudk jr0wDwdkufrSm rMumcP awGUae\/
olbmudpöESifh r*¾Zif;wdkufodkU vmavh&Sdonfudk uRefawmfrodacs/ olUykHo@mefu
ydefajcmufajcmuf? tom;ndKndK? EIwfcrf;arT; pkwfzGm;zGm;? t0wftpm; raoroyf?
rsufESmxm; cyfrIdif;rIdif;ESifh cifrifESpfoufzG,faumif;ol r[kwfacs/ xdkUjyif xdkpOfu
olonf &kyf&Sifrif;orD; cifrmvmwdkU om;tzESifh &Iyf&Iyf,Suf,Suf jzpfcJUaMumif; vJ
owif;pmrsm;xJwGif zwfxm;&ojzifh olUudkcyfcsOfcsOf &Sdaeí waeUaomtcg rvGJ
ra&Smifom pmyGJwckrSmqkH&m t,f'Dwm armiftkef;ausmfu....
]]udkaqG...'g...q&mrdkufu,fav}}qdkNyD; olUtm; ]]'g..q&maomfwmaqGbJ}}[k
rdwfzGJUay;onfü uRefawmfhrSm pdwfxJrvdkvm;ygbJvsuf? olUqefUay;aomvufudk qGJudkif
vdkuf&\/ onfaemufawmh uRefawmfolUudk rjrifcsifa,mifjyKaevkdufawmh\/
okdU&mwGif waeUoüawmh olESifh rvTJra&Smifom qkHawGU&ayawmhonf/ 1963 ckESpf?
ZGefvxJrSm jzpf\/ xdkpOfu a&SUodkU*sme,fwGif uRefawmf tywfpOf rSefrSefa&;í xdkaeUu
yef;qdk;wef;? jyefMum;a&;XmerS pmrlc aiGxkwfNyD;tjyef? rdk;at;at;&SdonfESifh
uRefawmfwa,mufxJ bvl;pudkif;bm;0ifí aomufaepOf ola&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfh
pmyGJ0ifxdkifum uRefawmfwa,mufxJygvm;? aomufaewmb,favmufMumNyDvJ?
bmt&uf aomufaeovJ ar;ojzifh uRefawmfu ]&rf}[k ajzawmh? olu...
]]&rfwrsKd;xJbJ pGJaomufovm;...paumhcsf 0DpuDawGbmawGaum raomufzl;vm;}}[k
ar;jyefavawmh uRefawmfpdwfaygufayguf&Sdvmí...
]][...rdkufu,f&? paumhcsf0DpuDu 'dkUArm&rfxuf tjywftowfaumif;wmbJ? wywf
okH;usyfcGJ av;usyfBuD;rdkU raomufEdkifvdkU 'DwusyfcGJwef &rfaomufae&wmbJuGm? rif;
ighudktckpaumhcsf0DpuD wdkufr,fvm;? aomufvSacsayghuGm}}
rdkufu,f\ &kyfykHrsKd;onf olUtoufudk cefUrSef;&efcJ,Of;av&m? olonf uRefawmfh xuf
BuD;rnfavm? i,frnfavmrod/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJwGif jzpfay:onfhtwdkif;? olUtm; rif;
igESifhajymvdkufrdonf/
rdkufu,fonf uRefawmf þodkUajymonfudk rESpfoufykHray:/ uRefawmfh ajym[ef
qdk[efESifh trlt&mudk tuJcwfovdkMunfhum acgif;ESpfcsuf okH;csufndwfvkdufNyD;wdkufyg
r,f[kqdkí paumhcsf0Idufavb,fwykvif; rSmvdkufav\/
olUt&uf ESpfcGufavmuf 0ifoGm;awmh uRefawmfolUtay: pdwfaysmhoGm;onf/
azmfa&Tvmonf/ 'Dawmh oluuRefawmfhvu©Pm Munfhyg&ap qdkav&m uRefawmfu...
]][..rdkufu,f? igawmh aA'ifvu©Pm 0goemrygbl;uGm}}
]]tJ'D 0goemrygwJUvlrdkUbJ usKyfuMunfhcsifwm}}[k ajymNyD; uRefawmfhvufudk
qGJMunfhygawmhonf/
olonf ckawGvawGvJ ar;rae/ MumMumvJ Munfhaeonfr[kwfzJ? cPtwGif; rSmyif
uRefawmfhvufudk vTwfvdkufNyD;...
]]usKyf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; xif&Sm;wm wcsufxJ a[mvdkufr,f? cifAsm; EdkifiHjcm; oGm;&
vdrfhr,f}}
uRefawmfu jyuf&,fjyKaom rsufESmESifh...
]]atmifrav;Asm? 'grsm; xl;jcm;owJU? ighvu©PmMunfhwJU vlwdkif;ubJ a[m'D ae&mrSm
pwm;ygvdkUqdkvm;? 'Dvdka[mMuwmbJ}}
odkUaomf olonf £ajE´rysuf/
]]olwkdUu b,fawmhoGm;r,fvdkU a[movJ}}
uRefawmfu [kwfwdkif;rSef&mbJ...
]]tJovdkawmh tcsdefudkrajymEdkifMuygbl;}}
'Dawmh olu&J&ifhjywfom;pGm ]]usKyfuawmh twyfa[mvdkufr,f? okH;vtwGif;bJ?
rpGef;&bl;}}
rdkufu,fa[monfrSm ZGefvxJrSm jzpfay&m? Mo*kwfvaemufqkH;tywfrSm uRefawmf
qdkAD,uf,leD,HodkU rif;&Sif? om*'dk; wkdUESifhtwl oGm;a&mufcJU&av\/
aoG;xGuf&kHru? aoatmifrSefjcif;
okH;vtwGif; uRefawmfEdkifiHjcm;odkU oGm;&rnf[k rdkufu,fa[mpOfu b,fykH b,fenf;
oGm;&rnfenf;/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm bJOtpm&Smr&ovdk jzpfaeygonf/ taMumif;rSm
awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& vufxufjzpfav&m? tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;udkom oufqdkif &m udpöESifh
vGwfavh&Sdonf/ uRefawmfrSm bmt&m&SdrQr[kwf/ ,cifh,cif aA'ifq&m rsm;
uRefawmfhtm; EdkifiHjcm;oGm;&vdrfhrnf a[mpOfurl uRefawmfrSef;qí &ygonf/
taMumif;rlum; uRefawmfh cspfrdwfaqGrsm; jzpfMuaom (aq;0g;0,f,la&; udpöESifh urÇm
vSnfhavh&Sdaom) 'DqlZm OD;cifaZmf? tysif;ajy jyifopfjynf? *syefjynfwkdUodkU oGm;avh&Sd
aom rdk;ukwf udkjrarmif (uG,fvGef)ESifh udkwifarmifwkdUu uRefawmfhtm; wcgcgawmh
cifAsm;yg ac:oGm;OD;r,f[k ajymbl;MuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ,ckawmfvSefa&;tpdk;&
vufxufa&mufaomtcgum; þuJUodkU jyifyvlrsm;tm; urÇmhokH;aiGudk jzKef;cGifhray;
awmhNyD/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm rdkufu,fa[mudef;udk bJOtp&Smr&jzpfonf/
ola[mpOfu olU0DpuDvJ aomufaumif;aumif;ESifh uRefawmfu txufyg taMumif;rsm;
ajymjyNyD;...
]]igawmh vrf;rjrifbl; rdkufu,f}}
'Dawmholu ]]usKyfuawmh xif;xif;BuD;jrifaeoAs}}
]]b,fenf;b,fykH oGm;&rSmwkef;}}
]]'gawmh usKyfrajymwwf}}
vm;? vm;? uRefawmfoGm;&ykHu qdkAD,uf ,leD,H pma&;q&mtoif;rS jrefrmEdkifiH u
pma&;q&mokH;a,mufudk olwdkUXmeDodkU vma&mufvnfywfMu&ef zdwfMum;vdkuf&m?
awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&u olUtrIxrf; r[kwfzJvsuf? uRefawmfhtm; a&G;cs,fvkdufjcif;jzpfyg
onf/
uRefawmfwkdUonf qdkAD,uf,leD,HwGif oDwif;okH;ywf ta&SU*smreDwGif wywf? wvwdwd
vnfywfcJUNyD;? pufwifbmv w&ufaeUrSm jrefrmjynfodkU jyefa&mufMuyg onf/
xdkrS ajcmufvrQtMum 1964 ck? rwfvtwGif; waeUaom 11em&DcefU? uRefawmf
eHeufpm pm;NyD;pwGif tdrfa&SUrSm *spfum;wpD; xdk;&yfvsuf wa,mufwnf;udk,fwdkif
armif;vmaom rdkufu,fqif;vmygonf/ ol,cifu wcgrQra&mufzl;/ b,fvdkub,f
vdk ar;prf;vmonfrod/
uRefawmfu jywif;aygufrS vSrf;Munhfí...
]][m...rdkufu,fygvm;? vm[dwf}}
oltdrfay:a&mufaomtcg...
]]xdkifudk,fhvl? aeUcif;BuD; aeylygbdoeJU? bmudpö}}
rdkufudk,fonf EIwfav;í pum;ajymvnf; enf;vsufajymvQifvnf; wJUwdk; wdkuf&dkuf/
]]cifAsm;udk t&ufwdkuf&if; vu©Pma[mcsifvdkUyg? a[mfw,fwckck oGm;Mu& atmif?
vdkufcJUyg}}
]][m...tckbJ xrif;pm;NyD;w,fuGm? t&ufraomufEdkifawmhygbl;? Edk;odkifhufpfzJ? EdkUNyD;
rif;ighudk vu©PmvJ a[mNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;? rif;a[mwm rSefvdkUbJ igtckqdkAD,uf
,leD,HeJU ta&SU*smreDu jyefcJUNyDav}}
ol OD;acgif;av;av;&rf;í...
]]tJonfwkef;u 'gwckbJ a[m&ao;wmbJ? rpkHao;bl;? 'gaMumifh xyfa[mcsif vdkU}}
]]'gjzifh tck 'DrSmbJa[muGm? rif;a[mfw,fawmh rvdkufEdkifawmhbl;}}qdkNyD;
uRefawmfhvuf0g;udk jzefUay;vdkufygonf/ 'Dwcgawmh olckESpfuú&mZfawGygar;\/
olUa[mudef;rSm uRefawmfhwGif taumif;csnf;jzpfae\/ ola[monfhtwdkif;awG
a&;jy&vQif uRefawmf<um;&ma&mufacsrnf/ tcsKdUudk tjcm;aA'ifq&mawGqDuvJ
Mum;cJUbl;ygNyD/ odkUaomf tjcm;q&mawGxuf xl;jcm;rIwckudkawmh azmfjyoifhonfxifyg
onf/ tb,fenf;[lrl? oltm;&atmif a[mNyD;aomtcg? uRefawmf\pma&;aom
zl;puuf puúLw&Gufay:rSm uRefawmfhtm; azmifwdefUudkzGifhírifawG cgcsap\/
uRefawmfvnf; olajymonfhtwdkif;vkyfí pm&Gufay:rSm rifpufawG awmfawmf rsm;oGm;
aomtcg olu]]awmfNyD}}[kqdkí &yfapNyD; puúLudktv,frS csKd;acgufvdkuf\/ xdkUaemuf
jyefjzefUvdkufNyD; uRefawmfhtm;..
]]Munfhprf;...bmawGUovJ}}
uRefawmfu aoaocsmcsm Munfhaomf OD;acgif;ESifh EIwfoD;ESifh? rsufvkH;ESifh
tawmifyHESpfzufjzefUí...
]]odef;iSufygvm;[ rdkufu,f&}}
olu tm;&auseyfpGmESifh rNyKH;r&,f? rsufESmxm;wnfwnfESifh...
]]tJ'g cifAsm;bJ? rSefabmifoGif;NyD; xm;vdkufyg}}
uRefawmfu olauseyfatmif pm&Gufudk rsifrsm;aoGUatmif rIwf&if; ]]at; aumif;ygNyDuGm?
uJ rif;a[mcsifwmawG ukefNyDr[kwfvm;? igu xrif;pm;NyD; tdyfavh&Sd w,fuGm}}
wu,fqdk oltvdkufodpGm EIwfqufNyD; oGm;bdkUr[kwfvm; odkUaomf olutrdefU
ay;oHESifh...
]]cifAsm; 'DaeUrtdyf&ygbl;? usKyfeJUt&ufaomuf&atmif vdkufcJUyg}}
]][...xrif;pm;NyD;aeNyDqdkawmh b,fhES,fvkyf t&ufaomufEdkifawmhrSmvJ? oGm;uGm ...
igrvdkufzl;qdk rvdkufzl;}}
uRefawmfrSm xrif;pm;NyD;wdkif; tdyfaeusrkdU tdyfcsifpdwfESifh pdwfwdkae&m? olu
nIdUrsufvkH;vdkvdk ay&if;&if;ESifh Munfhaejyefojzifh...
]]uJuGm..igawmh tdyfawmhrSmbJ}}[kajymNyD;? uRefawmfaeUcif; tdyfavh&Sdaom uGyfyspf&Sd&m
tdrfatmuf qif;cJUawmhrS olvnf;aemufu vdkufygvmcJU\/
uGyfyspfem;a&mufawmh toifhjyifxm;aom acgif;tkH;ESifhoifjzL;ay: uRefawmf
wkH;vkH;vJSvkdufNyD; rsufvkH;rSdwfum...
]]uJ...rdkufu,f? oGm;ayawmh}}
'DawmhrS udk,fawmfjrwf xGufoGm;\/ um;pufEId;NyD; armif;oGm;oHMum;&\/ onfawmhvJ
olUtwGuf uRefawmfhpdwfrSm raumif;jzpf&jyef\/
Munfhprf;...olightdrf wrifwumvm&Smw,f/ olUtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;jzpfwJU ynmeJU
olighudktvum; aA'ifa[m&Smw,f/ EdkUNyD; ighudk t&ufwdkuf&atmif a[mfw,f
ac:&Smw,f/ 'gudk igu twif;armif;xkwfvdkufw,f/ igrdkuf&dkif;&m usaeygyaumvm;/
tm;emp&m aumif;vdkufwm[,f/
,if;odkU uRefawmftawG;0ifaepOf tdrfa&SUrSm um;wpD;puf&yfoHMum;í uRefawmf
vSrf;Munfhvdkufawmh ol/
rdkufu,fonf olU*spfum;udk buf*D,mESifh jyefvmvsuf/ olUtm; uRefawmf
acgif;axmifMunfhaeonfudk jrifawmhum;ay:u rqif;? vuf0g;yufvufvSef? vuf,yf
ac:vsuf...
]]vmyg? cifAsm; uRefawmfeJUtwl vdkufawmhr,f r[kwfvm;}}
'Dawmh raeomawmhyg/ tdyf&mux? teD;&Sd wdkifrSmcsdwfxm;onfh &SyftusÐav; 0wfNyD;
olESifhygoGm;&awmh\/
rdkufu,f\ 0Dvfyg0gonf uRefawmfhudk EdkifoGm;avNyD/
odkUESifh uRefawmfwdkUvrf;uxGufí jynfvrf;rBuD;wufrnfjyKaomtcg olu
b,fa[mfw,foGm;csifovJ ar;í? uRefawmfu vusfmbufudk jyvdkufonf/ urm&Gwf
*wfwJeD;aomtcg uRefawmf&kwfw&uf oef;aqGudk owd&aví pum;wcGef;rQ rajymbJ
aeMu&mrS...
]]a[h...rdkufu,f? rif; oef;aqGudk odvm;}}
]]vlcsif;awmh rawGUbl;ao;bl;? eHr,fawmh Mum;bl;ygw,f}}
]]at;uGm..'dkUoef;aqGudk 0ifac:&atmifa[h? oef;aqGu &,fp&marmp&m ajymwwfw,f?
rif;..olUudkawGU&if cifoGm;rSmyg? oef;aqG[m tifrwefcspfp&maumif; w,f}}
]]olUtdrfu b,frSmvJ}}
]]urm&Gwft0dkif;BuD;a&mufawmh tif;pdefvrf;buf csKd;armif;? olUac:NyD;awmh 'dkUurm&Gwf
o[m,bk&m; oGm;aomufMur,f? rif;'dkUtdrfjyefydkUawmhvJ eD;atmif}}
odkUESifh oef;aqGtdrfodkUa&mufMuaomtcg tqifoifhbJ oef;aqGudk awGU&í
uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf tdrfay:wufoGm;MuNyD;...
]]a[h...oef;aqG? 'gaA'ifvu©Pm q&mrdkufu,fuG}}
oef;aqGu NyKH;&Tifvsuf...
]]emrnfausmfbJ Mum;bl;ygw,f}}
]]at;...olluvJ rif;udkMum;bl;owJU? tckawmhrdwfaqGjzpfMuaya&mhuG? 'dkU rif;udk
o[m,bm;oGm;NyD;? t&ufaomufMu&atmif vmac:wm? 'geJU rdkufu,fa&...rif;t&uf
raomufcif oef;aqGvu©Pm MunfhvdkuftkH;uGm}}qdkojzifh oef;aqGu vufjzefUay;í
rdkufu,fu udkifMunfhvdkufonf/ bmrQrMum wpfuae wq,ftxd pdwfxJua&wGuf
oavmufzJMumrnf/ rdkufu,fonf oef;aqGvufudk rESpfoufovdk wGef;z,fvkdufNyD;...
]]olUudk a[mp&mrvdkawmhbl;? olUvlUb0uHukefNyD? olaoawmhr,f}}
teD;ü oef;aqG\ZeD;vnf;&Sdav&m uRefawmfaxmif;ueJ a'goxGufvsuf...
]][if...rdkufu,f? rif;bmajymw,f? bmajymw,f}}
]]olaoawmhr,f? ESpfrul;bl;}}
]]t&l;..rif;yg;pdyfydwf}}[kqdkí uRefawmfxdk;jyK&m oef;aqGudk,fu Mum;0ifcHí....
]]rvkyfygeJU udkaqG&m? olajymwdkif; jzpf&rvm;As? vmAsm...aysmfaysmfyg;yg; bm;oGm;
aomufMuwmaygh...}}[kqdkí oluOD;aqmifNyD; tdrfay:rS qif;Mu\/
uRefawmf pdwfraumif;jzpfvdkufwmav? 'Daumifhudkac:oGm;rdwm b,fhES,fAsm? arG;aeU
ckESpfouú&mZfvJrar;? vuf0g;udk cPav;MunfhvdkufwmeJU aoawmhr,f/ a[mwm/
b,fhES,fvkyf ,kHp&m&Sdrwkef;/
odkUaomf oef;aqGonf aemufwvrQ rMumvdkufyg/ oBuFefwGif; {NyDv 14&uf aeUrSm
tif;vsm;uefü a&epfaoqkH;cJUygownf;/
rdkufu,fudkvnf; onfhaemufrSm wcgrQ rawGU&awmh/ bmowif;rQvnf; rMum;&/
aoavvm;? &Sdao;vm;rod/ pifppfawmh rdkufu,fonf vlqef;wa,mufyif/
uRefawmfuolUudk xdk;rnfjyKonfwGif pdwfqdk;[efvnf;rjy/ uRefawmfþodkUjyKrdonfudk
olu odNyD;ykHo@mefrsKd;/
uHukefjcif;\ t&dyfvu©Pm
rdkufu,fonf oef;aqGtm; vlUb0uH ukefaeNyD[k a[mcJU\/
oef;aqGonf {NyDv 14 &ufaeU? aeUv,f 3em&Davmufaornfjzpf&m? 13-&uf
aeUnaerSm uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfESifh t&uftwlaomufoGm;\/ nOfhOD;
7-em&DavmufrS jyefoGm;\/
aemufwaeU (oef;aqGaornfh 14-&ufaeU)eHeufcif;wGif udkazodef; uRefawmfh
tdrfa&mufvmNyD;...
]]udkaqG...raeUnaeu oef;aqGvmw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]vmw,fAs..? uRefawmfeJU t&ufaomufNyD; 7em&DavmufrSm jyefoGm;w,f? bmjyK vdkUvJ}}
]]uRefawmfhpdwfxJ xl;qef;wmwck ajymcsifvdkUAsm}}
]]bmrsm;wkef;}}
]]'DvdkAs? uRefawmfraeUnaeu vSnf;wef;aps;u [if;vsm0,fNyD; jyeftvm
ayw&mvrf;rul;r,ftvkyf? aemufu udkazodef;vdkU ac:oHMum;vdkU vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh
oef;aqGAs? vdyfjymawmifqdkifa&SUrSm rwfwwf&yfvdkU? olUjrif&wm uRefawmfhpdwfxJ wrsKd;
BuD;cHpm;rdw,f? 'geJU oluRefawmfhqDavQmufvmNyD; tem;a&mufawmh cifAsm; tdrfjyefrvdkU
rIwfvm;? tqifoifhbJ? uRefawmfb,foGm;&rSef;rodjzpfaewm? cifAsm;eJUtwlvdkufNyD;
udkaqGqD oGm;r,fAsmqdkNyD; oluRefawmfeJUtwl ygcJUw,f? bwfpfum;ay: a&mufNyD;wJU
aemuf uRefawmfolUudkvkH;0arhoGm;w,fAs? 'geJU'DxdyfurSwfwdkifa&mufvdkU um;ay:uqif;
NyD; vrf;xJ0ifcJUawmh aemufu udkazodef;vkdU ac:oHMum;vdkU vSnfhtMunfhvdkufrSm
oef;aqGudkjrif&awmh? uRefawmfvefUoGm;vdkufwmAsm? b,fhES,fjzpfrSef;rodbl;? ckxufxd
uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm cHpm;rIwrsKd;jzpfaew,f? tJ'g b,fvdkrSef;rodbl;}}
xdkpOfuawmh uRefawmfvnf; bmrSef;rodyg/ aemufoef;aqGaoawmhrS rdkufu,f
ta[mESifh udkufMunfhawmh oef;aqGvlUb0uHukefaejcif;\ edrdwfvu©Pm[lí ,lq&
ygawmh\/ ,if;tcdkuftwefUü udkazodef;udkjyonf/ odkUr[kwf udkazodef;u jrifonf/
uRefawmfhtaetm;jzifhum; bmrSrxl;jcm;/ oef;aqGa&mufvmonf/ t&uftwl
aomufonf/ pm;aomufNyD;NyD;csif; tdyfwwfaom uRefawmfESifhtwl ckwifay:txd
vdkufxdkifum? uRefawmfh&ifywfay: apmifacgufudk wifay;NyD; ]]uRefawmfoGm;NyDukdaqG}}[k
EIwfqufoGm;&m? ol\aemufqkH;EIwfqufcGJcGmoGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; uRefawmfyodkUvQif
awG;xifEdkifygtHUenf;/ 10 ESpfausmfNyD oli,fcsif;/
qef;ppfMupdkU
uRefawmfhtm; a[mMum;cJUonfrsm;teuf rSefuefvSaom a[mudef;rsm;udk ,ck
a&G;xkwfazmfjycJUNyD/ rrSefuefonfrsm;udkawmh a[mMum;aomq&mwdkU\ *kPfodu©mudk
apmifhxdef;aomtm;jzifh csefvSyfcJUyg\/
odkU&mwGif uRefawmfhudka[mí rrSefaomq&mrsm;onf tjcm;oltcsKdUurl olwdkU twGuf
rSefuefvSygayonf[k a<u;aMumfMuonf/ xdkenf;twl uRefawmfu rSefuefvSyg onf[k
tckeazmfjycJUaom q&mrsm;udkvnf; olwkdUtwGuf rrSefbl;[k ajymMuolrsm;
&SdygvdrfhOD;rnf/
onfawmh uRefawmf,lqonfrSm a[mírSefuefaom? vlwkdU\a&S;jzpf aESmif;jzpf udk
wyftyfodEdkifaom aA'ifvu©Pmynmonf trSefpifppf {uef&Sd\/
xkdUaMumifh aA'ifvu©Pmynmudk uRefawmf,kH\/
odkU&mwGif
qef;ppfMupdkU
uRefawmfhtm; a[mMum;cJUonfrsm;teuf rSefuefvSaom a[mudef;rsm;udk ,ck
a&G;xkwfazmfjycJUNyD/ rrSefuefonfrsm;udkawmh a[mMum;aomq&mwdkU\ *kPfodu©mudk
apmifhxdef;aomtm;jzifh csefvSyfcJUyg\/
odkU&mwGif uRefawmfhudka[mí rrSefaomq&mrsm;onf tjcm;oltcsKdUurl olwdkU twGuf
rSefuefvSygayonf[k a<u;aMumfMuonf/ xdkenf;twl uRefawmfu rSefuefvSyg onf[k
tckeazmfjycJUaom q&mrsm;udkvnf; olwkdUtwGuf rrSefbl;[k ajymMuolrsm;
&SdygvdrfhOD;rnf/
onfawmh uRefawmf,lqonfrSm a[mírSefuefaom? vlwkdU\a&S;jzpf aESmif;jzpf udk
wyftyfodEdkifaom aA'ifvu©Pmynmonf trSefpifppf {uef&Sd\/
xkdUaMumifh aA'ifvu©Pmynmudk uRefawmf,kH\/
odkU&mwGif þynmudk avhvmusifhokH;Muygvsuf? aA'ifq&mwdkUonf wnDwnm
wnf;r&Sd/ trSefBuD;? trSefav;? trSm;vGJ? rSefwJUtcgrSef? rSm;wJUtcgrSm;/ ,if;odkUtb,f
aMumifh jzpf&ygoenf;/ uRefawmfpOf;pm;Munfhawmh r[kwfrSvGJa&mh (aA'ifa[movdkAsm)
aA'ifvu©Pmynmonf vufeufaumif;BuD;wckygbJ/ Oyrm? aoewfygAsm/ aoewfrS
urÇmausmf 0ifcsufpwmukrÜPDrS xkwfvkyfaom 0ifcsufpwm trJvdkufaoewf
qdkygawmhAsm/
'DaoewfawGudk trJvdkufrkqdk;awG trsm;bJ okH;aqmifMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
'DaoewfrsKd;okH;wJU rkqdk;awG[m tm;vkH;wef;wl&nfwl&SdMuovm;/ r&Sdygbl;/ tckeajym
wJU aA'ifq&mawGvdkbJ? trSefBuD;? trSefav;? vGJwJUtcgvGJ? rSefwJUtcgrSef? csmwl;vef
wJUrkqdk;vJ&Sd? qm&dkuf'g[uf*wf&JU pdwful;,OfZmwfvdkufBuD; tvefuGmwmrdef;vdk
ypfwdkif; rvGJwJU a[mwdkif;rSef urÇmausmfq&mBuD; udkif&dkvJ&SdcJUoaygh/
r[kwfzl;vm;cifAsm/
þum; aA'ifynmESifh aA'ifq&mawGtay: uRefawmf\ ,lqcsufygwnf;/ xdkrS wNyD;
aA'ifq&mawGu uRefawmfwkdUudka[mí rSefaomf&Sd? rsm;aomf&Sd? udk,fhtwGuf
bmtusKd;xl;ygoenf;/ 'gawmh cH,loltay:rSm wnfavNyD/
yk*¾dKvfa&;&m uRefawmfhtwGuf ajym&ygrl? bmtusKd;rQxl;onfrxifaygifAsm/
bmaMumifhqdk....
(1) q&moef;ura[mvJ uRefawmfareJUnm;rSm nm;&rSmbJ/ 'gb,folrjyKrdrdrI udkAs/
uRefawmfu uavmifujrif;aMumx? &nf;pm;awG trsm;BuD;xm;NyD; r,m;opf
&SmaewJUaumifudkAs/
(2) rif;&SifaemifeJU udkarmifarmifurajymvJ uRefawmfhtazu olUom;BuD; &efukefrSm
'Dvdktdrfpkwfuav;eJU ae&wm pdwfraumif;bl;qdkwmeJU uRefawmfh nDi,fu tdrfwvkH;
aqmufay;wmbJ/ [dk iSm;tdrfuav;uaeNyD; cktdrfBuD; uRefawmfajymif;&awmhrSmaygh/
(3) uRefawmfEdkifiHjcm;oGm;&wmvJ bmaMumifhqdkwm uRefawmfodygw,f/
udk,fhpGrf;yum;eJUudk,fbJ/
(4) oef;aqGao&wmvJ rdkufu,feJU bmrSrqdkifygbl;/ olaoaeUaphvdkU ao&wm ygbJ/
odkUaomf rSefuefwmudk BudKwifa[mMum;EdkifwJU q&mawGudkawm htHUMocsD;usL;
&w,fayghAsm/ onfawmh aA'ifq&m[m aA'ifq&mtwGufzJ jzpfawmhoaygh/ olwkdU
a[mwmrSef&if olwdkUemrnfBuD;NyD; olwkdUydkufqH&r,f/ aA'if(ar;)0goem&SifawGuawmh
ukefMuaya&mh/
'gayr,fh aA'ifar;jcif;onf tusKd;rJUw,fvdkUawmh uRefawmfrqdkygbl;/ aA'ifudk
ar;csifwJUpdwf? aA'ifq&mudk ,kHMunfpdwf&SdwJUvlrSm oleJUoifhavsmfaom tusKd;tmedoif
&Sdw,fqdkwm uRefawmfjrifygw,f/
b,fvdkvJqdk&if aA'ifar;wJUvl ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;awGU&ygw,f/ yxrwrsKd;u aA'if
ar;&rSmudk tifrwef0goemygw,f/ b,fu aA'ifq&m b,fol[mjzifh odyfrSefwmbJvdkU
ajymoHMum;&&if oloGm;awmhwmbJ/ olUpdwfxJrSm 'DaA'ifq&m[mjzifh olUtwGuf
a&SUtzdkU aumif;wmawGa[mawmhrSmbJ? tqdk;&SdvJ ,m,D ,MwmeJUvkyfay;vdrfhr,fvdkU
ajrSmfvifhw,f/ tJonfawmh aA'ifq&mqdkwmuvJ t*F0dZÆmorm;awGbJAsm/ taoG;jrif
toGifodNyD; ajrmufwefajrSmuf? acsmufwefacsmufeJU aiGcsL,lvdkufawmhwmaygh/ 'Dvdk
trsKd;tpm;uawmh trsm;tm;jzifh trsKd;orD;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ olwkdUu aA'ifq&mudk
tacsmhawmf? txdef;awmfvdk oabmxm;Muw,f/ udk,fa&;udk,fwmwGuf aA'ifq&mudk
tm;udk;awmhwmbJ/
'kwd, trsKd;tpm;u usef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;vdkU? pD;yGm;a&;ysufvkdU? vkyfief;udkifief;
tayguftvrf;rwnhfvdkU? tdrfaxmifa&; tqifrajyvdkU cspf'ku©a&mufvkdU? &mxl;
avsmusrSmpdk;vkdU? odkUr[kwf wufatmifvdkU? rjzpfoifhwmawG jzpfvdkU (Oyrm uRefawmfhudk
udk,fhacG;u udkufwmrsKd;) pmar;yGJatmifbdkUvdkU? udk,fhvkyfief;opfwckvkyfrSm udk,feJUawmf
\ rawmf\ odcsifvdkU ponfponfjzifh/
tcsKyftm;jzifhawmh pdwf"mwfusqif;olawG? udk,fhpdwfudk,frEdkifolawG? udk,fhudk,f udk
r,kHwJUolawG[m aA'ifq&mqDoGm;NyD; tm;udk;MuwmayghAsm/ udk,fhjyóemwifjy awmh
aA'ifq&muvJ wwforQrSwforQ oQMweJU twåtusKd;aqmifawmhwmaygh/ olwkdU
a[mwmuvJ uRefawmftckeazmfjycJUwJUtwdkif; trSefBuD;vJ&Sdr,f? trSefav;vJ&Sdr,f?
wufwufpifatmif vTJwmvJ&Sdr,f/ tJ...udk,feJU xdkufovdkjzpfMuwmayghAsm/ tJonf
awmh aA'ifq&mrSm b,fvdktcGifhta&;&SdovJqdk&if rSefwmta[mcH&wJUvl[m 'Dq&m
w,frSefvdkufygvm;vdkU olUywf0ef;usifrSm a<u;aMumfMuw,f/ ta[mrrSefwm cHvdkuf&
wJUvluawmh olaiGukefcHU&wm awG;ESajrmNyD;&SufvdkU usdwfNrKHaea&m/
odkUaomf tckduftwefUtm;jzifhawmh&if xdkaA'ifq&mudk ,kHMunfrIESifh xdkaA'if
q&mnTefMum;aom ,m,D,MwmawGvkyf&jcif;? yef;? qDrD;bk&m;rSmylaZmf&jcif;? ig; iSuf
oufaphvTwf&jcif;? udk,fharG;aeU arG;&yfu a&csrf;uyfvSLjcif;? bkef;BuD;qGrf;auR;&jcif;
pwJUaumif;rIawG jyKvkyfae&wJU tcgor,eJU jzpfay:vmr,fhtusKd;udk ajrSmfvifhae&wJU
tcsdefumvtwGif;rSmawmh pdwfoufom&m&wm trSefygbJcifAsm/ 'g[m aA'if&JU tusKd;
tmedoifygbJ/
odkUaomf trSefpifppfrSmawmh vlUb0qdkwm trsm;odawmfrlMuwJUtwdkif;? jzpfcsdef wef jzpf?
ysufcsdefwef ysuf? wufcsdefwef wuf? uscsdef us? yGcsdef yG? ydefcsdefrSmawmh ydef
MuwmbJcifAsm/ tJonfawmh aA'if[m rSm;csifrSm;? rSefcsifrSef? tcdkuftwefUtwGuf
wygwdk;pdwf"mwf tm;aq;uav;ygbJ/ þaq;udk oifvdkvQif rSD0Jygav/
odkUaomf aq;pm;rSm;wmvJ &SdwwfoAs/ b,fvdkvJqdk&if Oyrm...
&kyf&Sifrif;om;jzpfcsifwJU bJwaumifAs/ olUrSm aiGaMu;uvJ tawmftoifh&Sdawmh olUaiGeJU
olUZmwfum;ol&dkufNyD; olrif;om;vkyfzdkUtBuHeJU emrnfausmf aA'ifq&m wa,mufqD
oGm;wdkifyifaum/ q&mu olUZmwmwGufcsufNyD; vkyfomvkyf? jzpf&r,faygh/
'geJU usdwfvdkufwm iwd &SdwmukefvdkU rif;om;awmhrjzpfzl;? a<u;wGif;xJepfaeyg
a&mvm;/
'g..Oyrmajymwmaemf/ [dkvlonfvl &nfnTef;wmr[kwfygbl;? [J..[J../
þa*[modkU
vlrSeforQ arG;NyD; ao&rSmcsnf;jzpfaomfvnf; ae&m? ao&mwdkUum; rwlMuacs/ tcsKdUrSm
xdktdrfrSmarG;? xdktdrfrSmbJaeNyD; xdktdrfrSmyif aoqkH;Muonf/ þum; vlenf;pk
jzpfygonf/ rsm;pGmaomvlwkdUum; arG;&mwjcm;? ao&mwXmeom jzpfMuonf/ þvlrsm;
pkrSmvnf; ae&mXmetrsKd;rsKd;wGif tdrftrsKd;rsKd;ajymif;&olrsm;vnf; &Sday&m? uRefawmf
onf ,if;vlpkwGif yg0ifonf[k qdk&ygrnf/
Munfhyg/ uRefawmfonf arG;zGm;&maus;&Gma*[mwGif 14 ESpfom;txdom pGJpGJNrJNrJ
aecJU&NyD;? &Gmuausmif;rS 7wef;atmifí NrdKUausmif;odkU ajymif;cJU&aomtcg? 8wef;rSm
NrdKUay:&Sd a'G;av;\tdrfüaeonf/ 9wef;? 10wef;a&mufaomtcg vl0g;0vmNyD; ajc&Snf
vmNyDjzpfí wtdrfwnf;raeawmhbJ ausmif;teD;&Sd q&m\tdrfrSm aecsifaeonf/
uRefawmfwkdU\ twef;ydkifq&maomfESifh q&muawmfu uRefawmfhudkcspfMuonf/
aygif;wnfNrdKUESifh wrdkifomomrQuGmaom odrfBuD;t&yf&Sd OD;&D;awmfol\tdrfrSm aecsif
vnf;aeonf/ xdkOD;&D;\ZeD;rSm om;orD;xGef;umm;onfr[kwfí? uRefawmfhudkom;uJUodkU
cspf&Smonf/ 8wef;wkef;u aecJUaom rlva'G;av;tdrfrSm aecsifvnf;aeonf/ uRefawmf
ESifh wwef;wnf;om; NrdKUay:&SdudkatmifaztdrfrSm vdkufaecsifvnf;aeonf/ bk&m;BuD;
ausmif;wdkufxJ&Sd uRefawmfhudkcspfaom bkef;BuD;OD;Mobmoausmif;rSm oGm;aecsifvnf;
aeonf/ &Gmutdrf jyefaecsifvnf; aeonf/ wtdrftdrfwGif wvudk;oDwif;aecsifvnf;
aeonf/ w&ufESpf&ufyJ aecsifvnf;aeonf/ uJ...uRefawmf b,fvdktaumifvJqdkwm
tuJzrf;Muaya&mh? aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGifrl uRefawmf\&nf;pm;ESpfa,muf&Sd&m
ZD;ukef;NrdKUwGif tudkawmfol\ tdrfrSmoGm;aeonf/
uRefawmfonf &nf;pm;rsm;oljzpfaomfvnf;? aygif;wnfNrdKUay:wGifawm hrpGHacs/
taMumif;rSm uRefawmfhwGif emrnfysufuav;&Sd\/ xef;&nf? t&ufaomufwwfonf/
Muufwdkufwwfonf/ 16 ESpfom;wGif bifcGJ&\/ xdkbifcGJNyD;aq;wdkufxJu oli,fcsif;
ESpfa,mufESifh wGJíxGuftvm uRefawmfpmay;xm;aom [dkufpul;ausmif;u aumifr
av;ESifh yufyif;oGm;wdk;aví tJonfuwnf;upNyD; uRefawmf aygif;wnfNrdKUay:rSm
a*:vrf; ]uef;}oGm;ayawmhonf/ NrdKUi,fuav;ayudk;/ oem;bG,fyifwnf;/
odkUaomf uRefawmfhrSm owif;aumif;uav; wckawmh&Sd\/ ]uAsmpyf odyfaumif; wmbJ}/
xdkpOfu aygif;wnfNrdKUwGif uAsmacwfpm;\/ &[ef;cH &SifjyKzdwfpmrsm; um&ef eabESifh
a&;&\/ r*FvmMobm&wk ydk'fpkHrsm;? tzsif;qkH;Asm? jrLeDpDy,fvlBuD; a&G;aumuf yGJaomfrS
[dkbufonfbuf apmif;csdwfaom uAsmrsKd; a&;ay;&\/ þrSmbufwGif q&maomfwynfh
armifusifarmif[k uRefawmfemrnfaxmif\/ jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwGif vltdk&kHrsm;
wnfaxmifaom a':OD;ZGef;vnf; uAsmcspfoljzpf\/ aygif;wnfNrdKU vltdk&kH taMumif;
uRefawmfav;csKd;wyk'f pyfay;&m taEG;xnf *Grf;vkHcsnfwuGif;csD;jrSifh\/
uRefawmfwkdUausmif;rSm 8wef;upí uAsmudkoif&&m? 9wef;a&mufaomtcgü
uRefawmfonf uAsmrsKd;pkHudk pyfwwfaeNyD/ av;csKd;udk trsm;qkH;pyfjzpfonf/ taMumif;
t&mwckudk ay;ygu jynfhpkHaom av;csKd;wyk'fudk em&D0ufxuf ydkrMumap&/
uRefawmfonf twef;xJwGif uAsmwckomxl;cRefí tjcm;bmom&yfrsm;rSm
omrefrQjzpf\/ 9wef;wGif wESpf&IH;cJU\/ 12 ESpfom; 8wef;? 16ESpfESifh 17ESpf 9wef;?
18ESpfom;rS 10wef;udkatmifcJUí 1938ckESpf? 19ESpfom;wGif Munfhjrifwdkif q&mjzpf
oifwef;ausmif;rSm abmf'goGm;ae&awmh\/
uRefawmfhb0wmtwGuf uRefawmfhrdbrsm; &nf&G,fonfrSm xdkpOfu ][dkuf,m; *&dwf}ac:
jrefrmvdk q,fwef;q&mjzpf atmifjrifaomtcg ynma&;rSm udpöNyD;acsNyD/ aus;&GmjyefNyD;
wae&m&mrSm ausmif;q&mvkyf&kHbJ &Sdawmh\/ v,form;om; ausmif;
q&mjzpfw,fqdkwm aus;&GmvlxktzdkU awmfawmftwef;jrifhvSacsNyD/ ,if;acwfu
]tif*vdkbmaeuvmpul;vf}ac: t*Fvdyf jrefrmESpfbmom oifaomausmif;ESifh ]bmae
uvmpul;vf}ac: jrefrmpmoufoufom oifaomausmif; ESpfrsKd;&Sdav&m? jrefrmpm
oufouform;onf 10wef;ESifh [dkuf,m;*&dwf q&mjzpfatmifNyD;aomtcg a&SUquf
p&m r&Sdawmhay/
pifppfuRefawmfhvnf; þrQESifhbJ &yfwef;u &yfzdkUyif/ odkU&mwGif Munfhjrifwdkif
q&mjzpfoifausmif;rSmaepOf waeuoü uRefawmf&Id;ususESifh NrdKUxJodkUtoGm;? vrf;rSm
awGUaomrsufESmjzLwa,mufonf uRefawmfhtm; t*Fvdyfvdk wpkHwckar;\/ uRefawmf
olUpum;udk bmrQem;rvnf/ xdkUaMumifh udk,fMum;bl;aom ]Edk;}wvkH;tokH;jyKí ]]tdkifEdk;..
tdkifEdk;}}[k ajym&if; acgif;udkoGufoGufcgatmif ,rf;jyvdkufawmh... xdkrsufESmjzLonf
uRefawmfhtm; t&l;wa,mufudkMunfhaomtMunfhrsKd;jzifhMunfhNyD; NyKH;&,fum xGufoGm;
av\/ (No Edk;qdkwm r[kwf? r&Sd? rod[k uRefawmfqdkvdk\/ Know Edk;udkrS uRefawmf
rodao;wmudk;) xdkrsufESmjzLvkyfoGm;ykH b,fvdkjzpfaeoenf;/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm rsm;pGm
rauseyf/ xdkUaMumifh t*Fvdyfpmwwfaom rdwfaqGwa,mufudk 'DtaMumif;ajymjyawmh?
olu...
]]armif&ifh tdkifEdk; tdkifEdk;u bmqdkcsifwmvJ}}
]]uRefawmfrodbl;? uRefawmfrodbl;ajymwmyg}}
xdktcgolonf tm;&yg;& &,farmvsuf...
]]tdkifEdk;...tdkifEdk;qdkwJU t"dyÜm,fu uRefawmfodw,f? uRefawmfodw,f ajymwmuG?
armif&ifu tJvdkajym&if;acgif;,rf;jyawmh rsufESmjzLu b,fvdkxifoGm;rvJ? armif&if
pOf;pm;Munfhawmh}}
'Dae&mrSm uRefawmf&Sufvdkufwmav/ EdkUNyD; xdkrdwfaqGu qufajymao;\/
]]udk&ifh&kyf&nfav;eJU 0wfpm;xm;wmu wu,fhaumvdyfausmif;om;pwdkif? 'gaMumifh
rsufESmjzLu t*Fvdyfvdkar;wm? udk&ifu t*Fvdyfpm wvkH;rSrwwf}}
uRefawmf BuD;pGmaom r[mt&SufawmfBuD; &av\/
xdkpOfu &efukefNrdKUrSm jrefrmpm? jrefrmpum; oufoufom wwfaeí rjzpfay/
aps;0,f&mrSm t*Fvdyfvdk? odkUr[kwf ukvm;vdk ar;EdkifajymEdkifrS t&ma&muf\/ jrefrm
pum;oufoufomqdk&ifjzifh awmtrJbJ[k uGJaya&mh/ tenf;qkH;vefcsm;pD;&mrSmyif
qD;wm;? bm;,m;? 'dkif;em;? &yfcdk;? *dkarmif;ajymEdkifrS ukvm;u av;pm;\/ [JU..ukvm;?
b,fbufoGm;? nmbufcsKd; qdkwmrsKd;awG ajymae&ifjzifh ukvm;u *sef*vd0g;vm;bJ[k
vefcsm;c ydkawmif;NyDom rSwfaya&mh/
aygif;wnfNrdKUrSm vefcsm;awG &Sdaeojzifh vefcsm;pD;ukvm;pum;awmh uRefawmf
aumif;aumif;wwfaeygonf/ odkUaomft*Fvdyfvdkawmh at? bD? pD? 'DrS rwwfao;/
uRefawmfhrdbrsm;onf uRefawmfi,fpOfu tb,faMumifh NrdKUay:&Sd t*Fvdyf ausmif;wGif
rxm;cJUygoenf;/ rxm;EdkifvdkUvm;/ r[kwfyg/ awm&Gmu v,fydkif&Sif vlcsrf;
omxJubJ/ &efukefaumvdyfxm;Edkifavmufatmif aiGaMu;jynfhpkHygonf/ 'gjzifh NrdKUay:
rSm t*Fvdyfausmif;&Sdw,fqdkwm rodvdkUvm;/ odvdkuforS/ trSefpifppfu uRefawmfh
aemifawmf aemifawmfrsm; vkyfoGm;ykHu pHwif&avmufatmif jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
todkU[lrl? uRefawmfwdkU&GmrSm uRefawmfhxuf q,fESpfavmufBuD;aom vlwodkuf tm;?
olwkdUrdbrsm;u om;csif;tNydKiftqdkif NrdKUay:awGydkUí t*Fvdyfausmif;rSm xm;cJUMu
ygonf/ odkUaomfolwkdUonf NrdKUay:rSm 4-5-6ESpfrQ oGm;aeMuaomfvnf; b,favmuf
pmwwfí b,fESpfwef; a&mufcJU&rSefawmhrod&/ aemufqkH;rSm vlysKdayguft&G,fawG
umvom;a&m*g &vmolESifh? bdef;pGJNyD; zJorm;jzpfvmolESifh? wa,mufaomolrSm
ElawmifvmcJUNyD;? rMumrDaoqkH;\/ EdkUNyD; uRefawmfwkdUOD;av;awmfolwa,mufvnf;
om,m0wDNrdKUay:rSm t*Fvdyfausmif;oGm;xm;wm? ynmawmhaygufa&mufyg&JU/ odkUaomf
olUwnf;tdrfu c&pf,efjzpfavawmh c&pf,efbmomxJ0ifNyD; c&pf,efreJU vufxyfoGm;
oAs/
tJonf[mawG pdppfvdkufawmh usKyfwkdU&GmrSm jzpfay:vmwJUpum;u NrdKUay:ydkU
t*Fvdyfausmif;xm;&ifjzifh zmusKd;vmr,f? bdef;pm;zJorm;jzpfvmr,f? c&pf,efjzpfoGm;
r,f/
£wdwórm xdkUaMumifh uRefawmftm; i,fpOfut*Fvdyfausmif; rydkUcJUjcif;/
odkUaomf uJ..,ckawmh rjzpfubl;? azmfjyyg r[mt&SufawmfBuD; &NyD;uwnf;u
uRefawmf t*Fvdyfpm ooifawmhr,f[k qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkufNyD; q&mjzpfatmifNyD;wJU
aemuf rdbxHodkU 'DacwfrSm t*Fvdyfpmrwwf&if vlpOfrrSDawmhbl;[k tusKd;taMumif;
ajymNyD; t*FvdyfpmtvGwfynmoifausmif;rSm aeawmhrnf[k pma&;vdkufNyD; q&mjzpf
ausmif;abmf'grS azmfjycJUonfh c&pf,efjzpfoGm;aom uRefawmfhOD;av;tdrf prf;acsmif;
ZvGefvrf;rSm oGm;aevdkufawmh\/ uRefawmfaeaom ausmif;u rtlyifvrf;? a':rr\
acwfopf t*Fvdyfpmoifausmif;/
,ck uRefawmfOD;wnfazmfjyaeonfrSm ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;wGif tdrfawGtrsKd;rsKd;rSm aecJU&ykHawG
jzpfay&m? OD;av;tdrfrSm w,frMumvdkufyg/ OD;av;\ZeD; a':av;\ wlrudk
pmay;rdojzifh 'Dpmudk oli,fru olUa':av;jy? olUa':av;u olUtazBuD;udkjy?
[m...tzdk;BuD;u uRefawmfhudk yufyufpufpuf ESHvdkufwm uRefawmf[m csufjcif;bJ
t0wfaowåmeJU tdyf&mvdyfuav;qJGNyD;? rtlyifvrf;u a':rr&JU ausmif;abmf'gtdrfudk
ajymif;cJU&awmhoaygh/
tJ...rtlyifvrf;a&mufawmh aemufwtdrfajymif;bdkU jzpfvmjyefwmu a':rrtdrf u eHywf
11/ 17u uRefawmfhyxrOD;qkH; ZeD;avmif;vsm aemfrmwkdU&JUtdrfrdkU? 1942ckESpf
oleJUuRefawmfnm;Muawmh a,mu©rBuD;tdrfwuf? om;rufuav;tjzpfeJU a&mufoGm;
a&m/
odkUaomf uRefawmfhrSm tdrfwtdrfxJ NidrfNidrfqdwfqdwfaebdkU uHZmwmu ra&muf
ao;awmh jrif;vSnf;orm;b0rSm a,mu©rBuD;eJU &efjzpfwdkif; wjcm;oGm;oGm;ae&onf
rsm;u q&mr a':rrtdrf? jrif;vSnf;orm; udkarmifciftdrf? udkodef;av;tdrf? udkbvStdrf
zdeyfaxmifq&m udkaomif;tdrf/
aemif pma&;q&mjzpfvmwJUtcg a,mu©rBuD;eJU aemif*sdefwdkif; oGm;oGm;ae&wJU
tdrfrsm;rSmawmh q&mr a':rrtdrf? pma&;q&m rif;&Sifaemiftdrf? wifhw,ftdrf? trBuD;
cifrsKd;cspftdrf? atmifvif;? jroef;wifh? ausmfatmifwkdU&Sd&m udkoef;wiftdrf? wcgw&H
rEåav;wufNyD; q&mBuD;a&TOa'gif;tdrf? q&mjrrsKd;vGiftdrf/
'Dvdk tdrftrsKd;rsKd;rSm vlwef;pm;trsKd;rsKd;eJUaeNyD;? olrsm;awG\xrif; trsm;qkH;pm;
wJUae&mrSmawmh usKyfvdkvl ZrÁL&Sdao;&JUvm;vdkUawmif a<u;aMumfvdkufcsifiJU/
ausmif;om;b0u tdrftrsKd;rsKd; a&SmufaecJUwmuawmh uRefawmfh0goem/
om;r,m;&NyD;rS olrsm;tdrfawGoGm; oGm;ae&wmu uRefawmfha,mu©rBuD;aus;Zl;/
orufuav;0goemudk yg&rDjznfhay;onfESifh wlao;\/
tif;...tJonfavmuf *PSmrNidrfwJU taumif? aemufqkH;csnfwdkifeJU awGUawmu awmh
1954 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvrSm arESifhuRefawmfnm;í 'g&dkufwm OD;b&SiftdrfrSm ESpfv rQaeNyD;?
wvtpdwfay;&aom ckESpfrdkif&Gmwef;&Snf&Gmu tdrfuav;rSm udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrf
xlaxmifonfu pçygonfcifAsm/
]]armifaqG..rdef;r&wdkif; tdrfaxmifuswm r[kwfzl;? vifh0wå&m;od? vifhwm0ef
xrf;aqmifEdkifwJU r,m;udk&rS tdrfaxmifuswmuG}}[laom trBuD; cifrsKd;cspf\pum;
twdkif;? areJUnm;awmh uRefawmfwu,f tdrfaxmifusygNyD/ xdktdrfaxmifrSm aysmfoGm;yg
NyD/ udk,fhtdrfuvGJí tjcm;mb,ftdrfudkrQ roGm;csifawmh? rpm;csifawmh/ tjcm;rdwfaqG
rsm;uom uRefawmfhtdrfvmí aeMu? vnfMu? pm;Mu? aomufMuaom tydkif;odkU
a&mufcJUygNyD/
Munfhprf;...tdrfaxmifwck\ aysmf&TifrIonf tdrftaqmuftODESifh bmqdkifoenf;/
uRefawmfh arG;zGm;cJU&m? uRefawmfhrdbtdrfrSpNyD; uRefawmfvnfywf aexdkifcJUaomaqGrsKd;?
rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;? q&morm;wkdU\ tdrfawGESifhEIdif;,SOfaomf þ&Gmwef;&Snf&Gmu
tdrfuav;rSm tzsif;qkH;tnHUqkH;/ uRefawmfhwoufwmwGif aecJUbl;aom a*[mwdkUwGif
tdrf\wefbdk; trJUqkH;/
odkUaomf þtdrfpkwfuav;rSm uRefawmfvnf; aysmf\/ vma&mufvnfywfMu aom
rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;awGvnf;aysmf\/ xdkUaMumifh olwkdUonf cPcPvmMu\/ tdk;ydkif
tdrfydkifwdkufESifh um;ESifh aeMuaom vlwef;pm;rsm;yg0if\/
pifppf ]tdrfom {nfhvm}qdkaompum;onf tdrf,mO,smOf yef;rmvfESifh crf;em;
BuD;us,fpGm rsufjrifuGif; om,maejcif;udkrqdkvdk/ ,if;ESifhrqdkif/ tdrfaxmifwck
om,mrIrSm tdrf&SifrçESifhom qdkifayonf/
trSefudkqdk&aomf uRefawmfhtdrf vmMuaom uRefawmfhrdwfaqG oli,fcsif;wkdU onf
&dk;&dk;vlawG r[kwfMu/ uRefawmfuJUodkUyif t&uform;? vlayG vlawawG jzpfMu\/
aronf ,if;vlrsKd;awGudk auseyfatmifjyKpkEdkif\/ uRefawmfhtdrfrSm tNrJrjywf pm;bdkU
arG;xm;aom MuufawG bJawGudk csufauR;\/ ar\ [if;csufvuf&mudk vlwdkif;BudKuf
Mu\/ trl;orm;awG aomufMupm;Mu&if; ]]ar oDcsif;qdkjyyg}} cdkif;vQifqdkjy\/ aronf
t*Fvdyf? *syef? jrefrmoDcsif;rsm;pGmqdkEdkif\/ toHvnf; aumif;\/ tqdkvnf;us\/
xdkUjyif trl;orm;awGudkvnf; xdef;Edkifao;\/ Oyrmwckjyygrnf/ uRefawmfhtdrf
vma&mufaomufpm;Muolrsm;xJwGif ]aiGudk avvdkokH;ol}[k 0w¬Kwyk'fyif uRefawmfa&;
cJUaom rdk;ukwf udkjrarmifonf tcsrf;omqkH;ESifh rl;vQifolrsm;tay: AkdvftuscsifqkH;?
tEdkifusihfcsifqkH; vljzpf\/ 'guawmh olUaiGtm;ayudk;/
wcgaomf olESifhyif twlygvmcJUaom 0wfvkHwa,mufudk olawmfawmf axGonf ü
a&SUaetvkyfonf raumif;aMumif;? trIonfawGtay: idkpm; &,fpm; jzpfaMumif;?
trSefudktrSm;jzpfatmif? trSm;udk trSefjzpfatmif vkyfMuaMumif;rsm;ESifh tawmfyif
ypfypfcgcg &Iwfcsajymqdkaeav&m? xdk0wfvkHcrsm olUt&ufaomufxm;&onfrdkU? EdkUNyD;
vlcsif;vJ atmufusKdUae&onfrdkU jyefí bmrQ[[rajym0HU/ oem;p&mav;jzpfae&m?
aru xdk0wfvkHbufrSaeí a&SUaevdkufawmh udkjrarmifu pdwfqdk;vsuf...
]]'gcifAsm;eJU bmqdkifwkef;? olUrSmyg;pyf&Sdom;bJ? olU[mol jyefajymygapvm;}}
'Dawmh aru...
]]usreJUawmh rqdkifygbl;? 'gayr,fhvdkU usr&JU tdrfacgifrdk;atmufrSm vlwOD;u
tjcm;wOD;udk wzufpD;eif;tEdkifusifhaewmudk usr NidrfMunfhraeEdkifbl;..? tm;enf;wJU
bufu ulnD&rSmbJ? 'gudk oabmrus&if udkjrarmiftck usrtdrfacgifrdk;atmufu
xGufoGm;vdkufyg}}
em;pGifhaeMuaom eHab;tdrfu vlrsm;em;rvnfapvdkí t*Fvdyfvdkajymvdkuf&m?
udkjrarmifonf &kwfw&uf awGueJ jzpfoGm;NyD;rS NyKH;&,fum...
]]uRefawmfhudk 'Dvdkajym0HUwJUrdef;r vlUjynfrSm cifAsm;wa,mufzJ awGUbl;ao;w,f Asm?
[kwfw,f? cifAsm;ajymwm rSefw,f? arhudk uRefawmfav;pm;oGm;ygNyD? ydkcifoGm;NyDAsm}} [k
jyefajymawmh\/
'Dae&mrSm arhudk uRefawmfvJ tHUMooGm;onf/ b,fhES,fAsm..udk,fhudk aiGwaxmif
awmif;vJay;? ESpfaxmifawmif;vJay;aewJUvludk tdrfay:u ESifcsw,fvdkU/
þrSpNyD; ]]udkjrarmif tavQmhay;wJUvl[m arwa,mufzJ&Sdw,f...}}[k udkjrarmif \
udk,f&Hawmf (yDat)awGua&m? olUtaygif;toif;rsm;ua&m ajymprSwfjyKMu\/
pifppfawmh udkjrarmifonf rl;vQifolrsm; tEdkifusifhcsif? txufpD;eif;
ajymcsifonfrSwyg;? tjcm;rJUü pdwfESvkH;aumif;ol? ulnDrçpcsifol? tay;turf;
&ufa&moljzpf\/
þ&Gmwef;&Snf&Gmu tdrfuav;wGif 'DvdkbJ uRefawmfholi,fcsif;rdwfaqGawGu
armfawmfum; BuD;i,fawGESifhvmí w&kH;&kH;aomufMu? pm;Mu? qlMu? ylMuonfrsm;udk
xdk&Gmom;awGuvnf; MunfjzLMu\/ wcgw&Hü oefaumifoefvGJ? rdk;a&awGxJ rl;rl;ESifh
armfawmfum; auGUwm vSnfhwmrSm vrf;ab;acsmfNyD; ajrmif;xJusw,fqdkvJ uRefawmfh
tdrfeD;yg;em;uvlawG ukwfawG? wkwfawGeJU xGufvmMuNyD; ulnDMuw,f/
bmaMumifhrsm; usKyfwkdUvlpktay: oabmaumif;aeMuovJodvm;/
uRefawmf xdk&Gmuav;a&mufí wESpfavmuf? tMumy? waeUwGif udkjrarmifESifh
uRefawmfNrdKUxJutvm? &GmxdyfwGif trdk;om&Sdí tumAvmewådaeaom taqmuftOD
av;wckudk udkjrarmifonf olUum;ay:rSaeí jrifaomf...
]]udkaqG...'gbmvJAs? txJrSm xdkifckHav;awG Munfh&awmh pmoifausmif; xifwmbJ..}}
]]rSefygoAsm...uRefawmfwkdU r[m&Gmwef;&Snfu r[mrlvwef;ausmif;ygbJ}}
]]EdkU...tumvJ r&Sdygvm;}}
]]tumr&Sdqdk urÇmutodbJAsm? a[m'D &Gmwef;&Snfom; zGwfMum;awG [dktvSLcH
onftvSLcHeJU aiGpkaeMuwkef;wJUAs}}
]]'gjzifh cifAsm;tdrfa&mufwJUtcgrSm tJ'Dausmif;uruxvkyfMuwJU vlBuD;awG
ac:ay;prf;yg}}
odkUjzifh tdrfa&mufaomtcg uRefawmfhom; wa,muftm; rnfolrnf0gawG ac:acsprf;[k
vTwfvkduf\/
rMumrD vlBuD;okH;a,muf a&mufvmMuonf/ jrifuGif;um; vlBuD;rsm;tzdkU rwifh
w,fvS/ uarmufurvJ Edkifayonf/
wvtpdwfrQ ay;&aom uRefawmfhtdrf okH;yifESpfcef;caemfeeD caemfeJU tdrfuav;a&SUwGif
tdrfxuf&Snfaom csufyvuf bJvftJ,m;um;BuD;&yfvsuf? uRefawmf ESifh udkjrarmifu
tdrfOD;cef;av;rSm a[mfw,fu yxrwef;yef;uefcGufa,muf tpm; taomufawGESifh
ykvif;axmifaeMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,mufonf tpOD;u a[mfw,fwGif
pm;aomufaeMu&mrS pdwful;wrsKd;&um 0DpuD? qdk'g? a&cJESifh pm;aomuf p&mrsm;udk
yef;uefcGufa,mufawGESifhwuG um;ay: wifapNyD; uRefawmfhtdrfodkU vmcJUMu
jcif;jzpfonf/ tjzpfu pum;pyfrdojzifh uRefawmfhtdrfwGif i&SOfh[if; csufonfajymrdí
udkjrarmifu olxdk[if;pm;csifonf/ 'Da[mfw,fu[mawG &dk;tDaeNyDqdkum? xdkrSmNyD;om;
[if; ajcmufyGJudk uRefawmfhtdrfom;awG pm;ygapawmh[k ,lcJUjcif;jzpf\/ ,if;odkUenf;
jzifh uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmaom aqmf'gykvif;cGHESifh yef;uefcGufa,mufwdkUum;
b,fawmhrS a[mfw,fodkU jyefa&mufMuonfr&Sd/ aemufrS olUxkH;pHtwdkif; usorQ
wefbdk;aiGudk &Sif;\/ udkjrarmifonf uRefawmfhZeD;csufaom i&SOfhom; zm;om;wkdUudk
a[mfw,fu w&kwfcsufawGxuf cHwGif;awGU\/ 'gaMumifh olNrdefNrdef,Suf,Sufwkwfae&m
a&mufvmMuaom t&yfvlBuD;okH;a,mufonf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muftm; Munfhí
olwkdUudkbmudpö ac:ovJ[krpOf;pm;wwfatmif jzpfaeykHay:onf/ olwkdUtm; twlwuG
pm;aomufMu&ef ac:onf[kvnf; awG;xifp&m r&Sd/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmf upí
t&ufykvif;ESifh pm;p&mrsm;ai;MunfhaeMuaom olwkdUtm;...
]]cifAsm;wkdUudk aomuf&pm;&atmif ac:wmr[kwfygbl;Asm? a[m'D uRefawmfh rdwfaqGu
pkHaxmufAs? 'D&Gmxdyfu pmoifausmif;av;twGuf ar;csifvdkUwJUAs}
xdktcg udkjrarmifu...
]]cifAsm;wkdU 'Dausmif;av;umbdkU tvSLaiGaumufaew,fvdkUMum;w,f
b,favmuf&NyDvJ}}
wa,mufaom vlBuD;u wkHUaES;aES;ESifh...
]]jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf r&ao;ygbl;Asm? wcsKdUu yg;pyfxnfhpm&if;bJ &SdwJU[mu
&Sdao;w,f}}
udkjrarmifu ]]uJ..'gjzifh&if aemufxyf b,favmuf&&ifjzpfrvJ}}
]]vlBuD;rsm;onf bmt"dyÜm,fvJ[k em;rvnfao;bJ wOD;rsufESm wOD;Munfhae MuNyD;rS
wOD;updwfysufaomtoHESifh...
]]tvSrf;awmh a0;ygao;w,fAsm? tck&r,fh pm&if;avmufu 300davmuf&Sdwm aemufxyf
700d avmufudk vdkaeygao;w,f}}
xdktcg udkjrarmifu olUtdwfxJu aiGpuúLtkyfxkwfí &mwefckESpf&GufqwfueJ
qGJay;vdkufawmh&m? vlBuD;rsm;&kwfw&uf olwdkUrsufpdolwdkU r,kHovdk tHUtm;oifhaeMu&m
uRefawmfu...
]],lMuavAsm? cifAsm;wdkU aiG 700d vdkcsifw,fqdkvdkU ay;wJU[mbJ}}
onfawmhrS wa,mufu vufcyfwkefwkefjzifh ,lNyD; EIwfoGufolvlvnfvnf
wa,mufu jyL;jyL;ysmysmjzifh...
]]olaX;rif; emr,ftrdefU&SdygcifAsm? olaX;rif;aumif;rI tEkarm'em ac:MubdkU
uRefawmfwkdUtoif;uaeNyD; owif;pmxJ xnfhay;yghr,fcifAsm}}
,if;ü udkjrarmifu vufcgí...
]]uJ...oGm;Mu oGm;Mu? cifAsm;wkdU vdkcsifwm uRefawmfay;NyD;NyD? 'Dudpöudk owif; pmxJ
xnfhbdkUvJ rvdkbl;? uRefawmfhemr,fvJ rodcsifMuygeJU? aomfwmaqGUoli,fdcsif;?
t&uform;wa,mufvdkUbJ ,lqMuyg? uJ...<uMuAsm? 'DyGJrSmu vlBuD;rif;wkdUeJU
ravsmfyg bl;? uRefawmfwkdUu t&ufaomufaeMuwmAs}}
vlBuD;okH;a,mufrSm tHUMopGmESifh jyefoGm;Muukefonf/
aemufwaeUü uRefawmfhqDvmMuí udkjrarmiftaMumif;udk ar;jref;MuNyD;? &Tef;y aom
rsufESmawGESifh...
]][m...'Dvdkqdk waxmifawmif;vJ &rSmaemf}}[kqdkMuí uRefawmfu ]]ESpfaxmif awmif;vJ
&rSmbJAs}}[k jyefajymvdkufawmh...
]][m...'Dvdkqdk OD;aomfwmu apmapmu BudKajymxm;a&mayghAsm}}[k tm;rvdk tm;r&
ajymojzifh uRefawmfrSm vlwkdU\oabmraemudk awG;rdí NyKH;rJUrJUESifh &,fvdkuf& yg\/
,if;odkUjzifh xdk&Gmom;rsm; uRefawmfESifhtaygif;toif;rsm;udk cifrifav;pm;oGm;
Mujcif;jzpfyg\/
awGUykHqef;Mu,f
udkjrarmifESifh uRefawmfu awGUykHqef;Mu,f tHUbG,fbeef;yif/ 1954 ckESpf?
aEG&moDukefqkH;í rdk;OD;uswGif uRefawmf arNrdKUrSrEåav;qif;vmaomtcg uRefawmfh
oli,fcsif; pma&;q&mwOD;onf Zdrfeef;wckudk tkyfcsKyfí rif;vkyfae\/
tjzpfu'Dvdkyg/ xdkpOfuolonf &JbufrSmvkyfí &mZ0wftkyf/ olUrdwfaqG Zdrfacgif;BuD;
trIwckESifh axmifusoGm;aomtcg? olUtm;Zdrfeef;BuD;udk vTJtyfcJUonf/ xdktcg
Zdrfeef;rdzk&m;BuD;ESifholonfnm;íae\/ þZdrfeef;rSarmif;rrdóHwkdUonf i,f&G,f
ívSyukef\/
odkUjzifh uRefawmftrSwfrxif a&mufoGm;aomtcg oli,fcsif;u...
]]oli,fcsif;a& rjyefeJUuGm? pma&;q&m wa,muftaeeJU odoifhodxdkufwmawG
'DrSm&Sdw,f? udk,fvJ ckaumif;pm;aewkef; 'DrSm aysmfaysmfyg;yg;aeprf;yg? pm;csifwmpm;
aomufcsifoavmufaomuf}}
olUZdrfeef;rSm t&ufESifhrsm vdkcsifoavmuf&aeawmh uRefawmfaysmfoGm;NyD; &ufrsm;pGmyif
aecJUawmh\/
xdktwGif;waeUoü olwdkUvifr,m;onf ppfudkif;odkU wnOfhtdyfc&D; oGm;av&m?
olUZdrfeef;udk tkyfcsKyf&ef uRefawmfhudk vTJtyfcJU\/
]]udkaqG? n11 em&Dxdk;&ifydwf? b,folvmvmzGifhray;eJUawmh? wHcg;oHBudK;eJU
aomhcwfxm;}}
tJ'DnrSbJAsm? udka&Tjrarmifu um;BuD;wpD;eJU qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf <ua&mufvm
awmfrlw,f/ tJonfwkef;u rEåav;NrdKUrSm tcsrf;omqkH; rdk;ukwfjrarmifqdkwm uRefawmf
rodao;/ omref jrarmifxJuyif atmufarhí olESifh&efjzpfvdkufMu\/
0if;wHcg; aomhcwfNyD; em&D0ufavmuftMumrSm tdrfa&SUwHcg; oHBudK;vmvIyfawmh
tdyf&m0ifcgeD; tpmydwfaomufaeaom uRefawmfu toHrmrmESifh...
]]ydwfNyDa[h}}
olu toHnSif;nSif;yif...
]]jrarmifyg}}
þemrnfESifh þtoHMum;cJUvQif rEåav;NrdKU&Sd Zdrfeef;tm;vkH;wkdU\ wHcg;taygif; onf
tcsdefra&G; zGifh&ayrnf/ 'gudkrodaom uRefawmfu...
]]bm jrarmifvJ? bmaumifrS 'DtcsdefrSm r0if&awmhbl;a[h? zmtdrfayr,fh pnf;eJU
urf;eJUuG? em;vnfvm;}}
'Dawmh olawmufwcsuf jyif;pGmacgufvdkufNyD;..
]]a[h rif;b,folvJ rif;ightaMumif; rodbl;vm;}}
]]rif;taMumif;igu bmvdkUod&rSmvJ}}
]]a[h rif;ightaMumif;rod&if rif;b,fubmaumifvJ qdkwmajymprf;}}
]]ig &efukefuuG? pma&;q&m aomfwmaqG aygif;wnfom;uG}}
uRefawmfu t&ufrl;rl;ESifh rdrd*kPFudka[;vdkuf\/ 'Dawmh olum;qDjyefoGm;NyD;
vufeufwckck,l[ef wlyg\/ olUtaygif;toif;rsm;u qGJMu\/
]]udkaqG? tJ'Dwkef;u uRefawmfcifAsm;udk aoewfeJUypfowfr,fvdkUAs? ygvmwJU
tazmfawGu jrarmifqdkwJU cifAsm;eHr,fvJ ajymNyD;aeNyD? aomfwmaqGuvJ cifAsm;
taMumif;rodvdkU? EdkUNyD; rl;vJaevdkUyg? rvkyfygeJUAsm? aemufaomfwmaqG 0w¬KawGrzwf
&bJ aeygtkH;r,f? bmnmeJUwm;Mu? qGJMuvdkUAs? tJ'Dwkef;u uRefawmfvJ awmfawmfrl;
aewm}}
olESifhuRefawmfESifh cifrifoGm;Muawmh oluxkwfazmfajym\/ ,if;rSyif uRefawmf rSm
xdkZdrfeef;ü &efjzpfvdkuf&aom jrarmifrSm oljzpfaMumif; od&ygawmh\/
þum; olESifhuRefawmf narSmifarSmifrSm toHcsif;&efjzpfvdkuf&jcif;/ aemuf... vlcsif;
rdwfquf&onfum;...
1956 ckESpf? arESifhuRefawmf yxrOD;qkH;tBudrf awmifBuD;oGm;NyD; jyeftvm atmifaZ,s
udkaomif;pdef? uRefawmfwkdUtm; blwmrSmvmBudK&if; ]]udkaqG...apmygao; w,fAsm? wcGuf
ESpfcGufpDavmuf armhfMutkH;pdkU&JU}}qdkNyD; xdkpOfu&Sdaom pywfvrf; ae&Sife,fa[mfw,fodkU
ac:oGm;\/ ,if;tcsdefu z?q?y?v MoZmanmif;aom a[mfw,fjzpfay&m? ygvDref
pnf;a0;aecsdefvnf;jzpfí þa[mfw,frSm awmtrwfawG wnf;cdkaeMuonf/ nOD;
8em&DcefUjzpfí? aomuf0dkif;awG pnfum;aeonf/ udkaomif;pdef u pmyGJwvkH;wGif
uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;udk xdkifapNyD;...
]]tm;....tqifoifhbJ aomfwmaqG y&dowfawGeJU rdwfqufay;&tkH;r,f}}qdkNyD;?
olt&uf0dkif;awGrS oGm;oGm;ac:vmum uRefawmfESifhrdwfqufay;olrsm;xJwGif udkjrarmif
wa,muf tygt0ifjzpfayonf/
xdkpOfu uRefawmf\uavmifvnf; [mo0w¬Krsm;ESifh wufaewkef;/ uRefawmfh
0w¬Krsm;xJu aomfwmaqG\&nf;pm;arESifhvnf; nm;cgpqdkawmh olwdkUpdwf0ifpm;Mu
onf/
]]a[m'g aomfwmaqG0w¬KawGxJu aomfwmaqG&nf;pm;arygbJcifAsm;? tckawmh
olwkdUnm;avownf;As}}
udkaomif;pdefu tm;&yg;& ajymjy\/
udkjrarmifESifhuRefawmf 'kwd,tBudrf &efjzpfjyefjcif;
1959 ckESpf? ref;&mjynfhyGJ usif;ypOfu? udkjrarmif rEåav;rSm&Sdaeonf/ &efukef
wGifaeaom olUnD udkwifarmifu vifh&dkAmum;wpD;ESifh rdwfaqGwodkufudk rEåav;odkU
ac:oGm;&m? uRefawmfESifh umwGef;udkatmif&SdefygoGm;onf/
apmcGefcsKdtar? udkjrarmiftar? udkwifarmiftarwdkUonf nDtrt&if;rsm;jzpf Muonf/
rEåav;NrdKUwGif "m;wef;ü udkjrarmiftaru a&cJpuf0if;? udkwifarmiftaru
pGyfus,fpuf0if; rsufESmcsif;qdkif jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdU &efukefrSvmaom vlodkuf
onf udkwifarmifwdkU pGyfus,fpuf0if;xJ&Sd tdrfBuD;wvkH;rSm wnf;Muonf/ vlwdkif;
ckwif wvkH;? tdyf&mwckpDESifh/ wnrQtdyf&ao;onf/ udkjrarmif a&mufvmí
uRefawmfhudk jrifawmh udkwifarmiftm;...
]]a[h..wifarmif? udkaqGawmh ightdrfac:oGm;r,fuGm? vmAsm...udkaqG uRefawmfh
tdrfrSmaeyg}}
udkjrarmif tdrf0if;0rSm ukvm;'&0rf&Sdonf/ olUwdkufwGif olaeykHrSm a[mfw,fESifh
wlonf/ tcef;awGrSm avat;puf&Sdonf/ tcef;wHcg;ydwfxm;onf/ wHcg;em;rSm olcdkif;
bdkUapbdkU jrefrmvkvifi,fwa,muf ckHwckESifh tNrJxdkifae&onf/ uRefwmfhudkolESifhab;
csif;,SOfvsuf wcef;rSm aeaponf/ olUtdrfu tcef;wkdUum; &efukefu px&if;a[mf
w,frSm ae&onfh twdkif;ygbJ/ aMomf...ol'gaMumifh &efukefa&mufawmh aqGrsKd;om;csif;
awGtdrf raeEdkifbJ? px&if;a[mfw,frSm wnf;&wmudk;[k uRefawmfpOf;pm;rd\/
uRefawmfhudk olwcrf;wem; wa,mifwaqmifxm;ygonf/ odkUaomf rMumvdkuf yg?
wnESifhwaeUbJ qdkygawmh/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfa&mufNyD; aemufwaeUnpmudk
&efukefu vdkufygvmaom {nfhonfrsm;tm; olUtdrfwGif ac:auR;&mü olrl;vmaom
tcg? olUxkH;pHtwdkif; EdkifhxufpD;eif;ajymqdk\/ tcsKdUvlrsm;u &efukefwGif olUt&uf
aomuf&if; cHaeusrkdU tyef;rBuD;aomfvnf; olESifhodyfNyD;r&if;ESD;bJ uRefawmfac:vmcJU
onfh udkatmif&SdeftwGuf uRefawmf&Suf\/ cHjyif;\/ odkUaomf uRefawmfonf þ{nfha&SU
ü bmrQrajymao;bJ atmifhtnf;onf;cHaeNyD; {nfhonfrsm; jyefoGm;awmhrS olUtm;
uRefawmfu udk,fhtdrfodkUac:í auR;arG;aom {nfhonfrsm;tm; þodkUjyKrlajymqdk&ef
roifhaMumif; owday;pum; ajymrd&mü? wuxJ olESifhuRefawmf&efjzpfyga&mAsKdU/
ESpfa,mufpvkH; rl;aeMuonfrdkU tacstwif bmawGnmawGajymMuonfawmh
rrSwfrdawmhyg/ aemufqkH;ü oluuRefawmfhtm; ]]cifAsm; usKyftdrfuxGufoGm;}}qdkonf
txd a&mufoGm;awmh\/
uRefawmfuvnf; bm&rnfenf;/
]]oGm;qdk...ckcsufjcif;aygh udkjrarmif&m? rEåav;rSm aomfwmaqGtdrfr&Sm;ygbl}}qdkNyD;
tcef;xJ0if? cRwfxm;wJU &SyftusÐaumuf0wf? c&D;p&dwf tdwfxJEIdufMunfhvdkufawmh
ydkufqHwjym;rQrawGU/ uRefawmfht0wfaowåmav;qGJ/ tjyifxGufvmNyD;...
]]uRefawmfhtdwfxJu ydkufqH b,fa&mufw,frodbl;? wjym;rS r&Sdawmhbl;}}[k ajymrdawmh
olxdkif&mrS aigufueJxí usKyftdrfrSm cifAsm;ydkufqH b,folu,lrSmwkef;?
cifAsm;ydkufqHu b,favmufrsm;BuD;rdkUvJ}}
]]ajcmufq,favmufAs}}[k uRefawmfuajymawmh...
]]atmifr,fav;..'DydkufqHavmufrsm;}}qdkNyD; olUtdrftay:xyfwufoGm;awmh uRefawmfu...
]]aeyap udkjrarmif}}qdkNyD; olUwdkufxJutxGuf wHpufNrdwfavmufta&mufrSm
tay:uusvmwJU aiGpuúLtkyfawGAsm? q,fweftkyf? ig;usyfweftkyf? &mweftkyf? wzkef;
zkef;eJU xdefxdefvif;aewJU "mwfrD;wdkifatmufrSm axG;ueJazG;ueJ aeawmhoAs/
olonf wdkuftay:xyfrS aiGxkyfawG aygufcs&if; yg;pyfuvnf;...
]]a[m'DrSm cifAsm;BudKufoavmuf,loGm;? b,fESpfodef;,lrvJ? ,lprf;...,lprf;}}qdk NyD;
vufESpfzuf b,fnmudkifNyD; ypfcsae/
uRefawmfuvnf;...
]]a[h..'DydkufqHrsKd; wjym;r,lbl;? udk,fhvl a[m'DrSmMunfhyg}}[k vufajrSmufjyNyD;
udk,fht0wfaowåmav;qGJNyD; avQmufcJU\/
tcsdefrSm n11 em&Davmuf 'Dudpöuoli,fcsif;awGudk ajymraumif;ojzifh udkwifarmifhtdrf
udkatmif&SdefwdkU&Sd&mawmh uRefawmfroGm;awmhyg/ tqifoifhvmaom
qdkufum;wpD;ay:wufNyD; ]anmifZifwef;}[k ajymvdkufum q&mjrrsKd;vGiftdrfodkU ,Gef;cJU
awmh\/ xdktcsdefü &efukef 'DZlZmwdkufBuD;u ref;&mjynfyGJrSm qdkifcef;vmízGifh&m?
q&mvGiftdrfwGif OD;cifaZmfESifh 'DZlZmr,f rsmav;ayGwdkU a&mufaeMuí qdkifcef;u
jyefvmcgp? olwkdUrtdyfMuao;/ uRefawmfhrsufESmjrifjrifcsif; tdrfxJrSxGufvmaom
rraomif;qDu qdkufum;c awmif;ay;vdkuf&\/ (trSefpifppfawmh uRefawmfhydkufqH
raysmufyg/ naeu udkjrarmiftdrfwGif a&csKd;NyD; t0wfvJawmh aowåmxJxnfhvdkuf
aom 0wfNyD;om;&SyftusÐtdwfxJ a&mufaeaMumif; aemufaeUeHeufrS awGU&\/)
tcsdeftcgr[kwf? uRefawmfþodkUvmcJU&jcif;\ taMumif;pkHudkajymjyawmh
tm;vkH;&,farmMuum q&mvGif? OD;cifaZmfESifh uRefawmfwkdUokH;a,mufonf rajrSmfvifh
aom awGUqkHyGJ[k tdyf&m0ifcgeD; aomufyGJav;wck usif;yvdkufMuao;\/
xdkrS wvrQtMum uRefawmf\ &Gmwef;&Snftdrfuav;odkU bJvftJ,m;um;BuD;ESifh
udkjrarmif\refae*sm udkxGef;wifa&mufvmum ]]cifAsmvlu ac:cdkif;vdkufw,fAs}}
]]ol &efukefb,fwkef;u a&mufwmvJ}}
]]raeUubJAs}}
odkUESifh udkjrarmif&Sd&m px&if;a[mfw,fodkUa&mufoGm;? uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf onf
rEåav;wGif jzpfysufcJUonfwkdUudk wcGef;wyg'rQ rajymqdkMubJ a&S;,cifutwdkif; yif
&if;ESD;cifrifpGm qufqHMu\/ olonf uRefawmfhtm; ydkívnf;cifrifav;pm;vm\/
pifppf udkjrarmif\b0wmrSm olESifhaygif;oif;Muaom vlrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh
olUudkqefUusifbuf vkyf0HUolr&Sd? olajymorQ? olvkyforQ [kwf[kwfr[kwf[kwf acgif;ikHU
cHí usdwfNrKHaeí uyfzm;pm;Muolrsm;om&Sday&m? olUtm; r[kwfrcH jywfom;pGmajymqdk
wwfaom uRefawmfwkdUvifr,m;udk wefbdk;xm;í av;pm;cifrif\/ udkjrarmifonf
vlonf vlyg;bJ/ b,fvlu olUtay: b,fvdkpdwfapwemeJU aygif;w,f oif;w,fqdk
wm olod\/
&efukefwGif olUaqGrsKd;om;csif;awG wdkufBuD;wmBuD;awGeJU&Sdoaygh/ odkU&mwGif olonf
waeUvQif ig;q,fajcmufq,fay;&aom px&if;a[mfw,frSmomaeí uRefawmf\
Zeyk'fu tdrfpkwfuav;udkom vma&mufvnfywfavh&Sd\/ wcgw&H trl;vGefvQif
ntdyfyif aeoGm;ao;onf/
]]&efukefrSm udkjrarmif oGm;vnfwmeJU xrif;pm;wm aomfwmaqGUwtdrfbJ&Sd w,f}}[k
olUtaygif;toif;rsm;u ajymprSwfjyKMu\/
[kwfyg\/ udkjrarmif uRefawmfhtdrfrSmaysmfygonf/
]]udkaqG...cifAsm;tdrfvmvnf&wm uRefawmfhpdwfMunfEl;w,fAsm? avaumif;
avoefUvJ&w,f? &Icif;vJomw,f? em;vJ qdwfNidrfw,f}}
rSefoaygh/ &efukefxJrSmawmh um;oHawG wnHnHeJU/ xdkpOfu uRefawmfwkdU&GmrSm
um;qdkwmu olESifhtjcm;rdwfaqGawGvmrSbJ&Sd\/ qdwfNidrfonfuawmh yuwdawm&Gm
uav;bJ/ aiGaMu; odyfNyD;csrf;omolvnf; r&Sd/ tm;vkH;vufvkyf vufpm;csnf;/ &Icif;
om,mvkdufykHawmh uRefawmfhtdrfaemufaz;rSm bmtaqmuftODrQr&Sdaom ay 500
avmuf ukef;jrifh qifajcavQm/ xdktqkH;rSm rdk;tcgwGif a&pD;aom &dk;wck/ þ&dk;vGefawmh
{ursm;pGm us,fonfh NcHO,smOfBuD;/ o&uf? r&rf;? ydEéJ? uepdkyifawGESifh/ &moDtavsmuf
ay:aom olwkdUtoD;rsm;um; bkHpm[d/ wcgw&H NrdKUxJUvlrsm;? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;
vmí aysmfyGJpm;Muonf/
þ&Gmuav;rSm ig;ESpfausmf uRefawmfaecJUonf/ wcgw&HrS olcdk;ol0SufoH rMum;cJU&/
&Gmom;awGtm;vkH;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh aqGrsKd;awGjzpfMu\/ tdrfBuD;tdrf
aumif;rsm;r&SdMuyg/ yuwdawm&Gmuav;rkdU? aus;awm&GmjrifuGif;ygaom &kyf&SifZmwf
um;rsm; rMumcP vmí&dkufMuonf/
eHeuf rdk;aomufNyDqdkvQif NrdKUxJrSmvdk armfawmfum; pufoHawG? [Gef;oHawG rMum;&/
aus;iSufom&umwkdU\ jrnfwGefoHudkbJ Mum;&onf/ rdk;&moDrSmqdkvQif aemufaz;&dk;rS
zm;atmfoH? c&kjrnfoHawGu om,mvSonf/
uRefawmfhtdrfESifh udkuf200rQuGmaom NcHa'gifh&dk;pyfrSm EdkUpm;EGm;rarG;aom udkxGef;
odef;\a*[m&Sdonf/ olUtdrfacgif;&if;rSm jrihfapmufvSaom ebJyifajcmufBuD;&Sdonf/
eHeufrdk;aomuf jrLESif;a0a0rSm olUEGm;wif;ukyfxJu EGm;rD;zdkrS tlxGufaeaom rD;cdk;wef;
jymjym/ ebJyifBuD; tudkif;awGay:rS atmfjrnfoDqdkaeMuaom aus;iSufom&umawG/
aronf þ&Icif;udk vGrf;qGwfrdaMumif; owd&wdkif; ajymwwfonf/
uRefawmfwkdUonf þae&mESifh þa*[mav;udk cifwG,fonf/ vma&mufvnf
ywfMuaom uRefawmfhrdwfaqGrsm;vnf; aysmfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh vGefcJUaomtcef;u
þtdrfuav;ESifh ajrayw&mywfvnfudk 0,fbdkUvkyfaMumif; azmfjycJUonf/ odkUaomf
tqifrajycJU/ vlwdkUonf ae&mwckrSm aecsifwdkif;aeír&/ rdrduHMur®mydkUaqmif&m
oGm;&onfjzpf&um;? 1955ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvrS píaecJUaom þ&Gmuav;rSonf?
1960ckESpf? Zlvdkifv 6&ufaeUwGif uRefawmfhnDaqmufay;onfh ,ckþpma&;aeaom
tdrfBuD;odkU rif;&SifaemifESifh udkarmifarmif aA'ifa[mcJUonfhtwdkif; ajymif;cJU&ygawmh\/
þa*[mrSmyif uRefawmfacgif;cs&tHUavm/ tjcm;odkUyif ajymif;&OD;rnfavm/ tb,frSm
ajymEdkiftHUenf;/ udkazodef;tdrfrSmawGUqkHaom rEåav;rSemrnfBuD; aA'if vu©Pmq&m
&[ef;wyg;ujzifh onfhxufomwJU? aumif;wJUae&meJU a*[mudk ajymif;& OD;rnf[k
a[mxm;yg\/ apmifhMunfhOD;pdkU/ uRefawmfuawmh rajymif;csifyg/
t[d
uRefawmfhb0ZmwfaMumif;wGif ]t[d}rnfaom vpOfxkwf [mor*¾Zif;av; wtkyf
taMumif;udk rxnfhoGif;vQifjynfhpkHrnfr[kwfacs/ olUtaMumif; azmfjyawmh? olESifh
ywfouf&m pma&;q&m? umwGef;q&mawGvnf; yg0ifayvdrfhrnf/
t[ded'gef;
uRefawmfonf 1947 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv &Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif ]b&ef'Dwykvif;}rnfaom 0w¬KESifh
pmaye,fudk 0ifa&mufcJUoljzpfay&m? uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm Mo*kwfvonf uRefawmfhtzdkU
atmifjrifrIay;aomvç[k ,lqrdonf/ xdkUaMumifh &Ir0rSm [mou@ wckxnfhoGif;&ef
OD;ausmfESifh wdkifyifpDpOfNyD;aomtcg 1957 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv? &Ir0&kyfpkH r*¾Zif;rSm ]t[d}udk
pwifxnfhoGif;cJUygonf/ t[donf &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;BuD;rS [mo r*¾Zif;i,fuav;
jzpfay&m? t,f'Dwmhtmabmf? acgif;BuD;? 0w¬K uAsmESifh [motwdk
txGmrsKd;pkHpGmyg&ayonf/ yxrwv ESpfvrSm uRefawmfwa,mufwnf; uavmifemrnf
trsKd;rsKd;ESifh a&;cJUonf/ ]þvnf;wt[d} ]tarhNydKifpdkUvm;} ]vifhzaemifhaygufaq;}
]r,m;zdeyfpm} ]t[dvTwfawmf} paomu@rsm;udkzGifhí rnfolrqdktwdktxGmrsm; yg0if
a&;om;Edkifatmif pDpOfay;&onf/ zdwfac:&onf/ odkUESifhokH;vajrmufrSpí [mo
0goem&Sif uavmifvufopfawG ygvmayawmhonf/ t[du@twGif;ykHrsm;udk xdkpOfu
&Ir0rS wufopf yef;csDarmifpdefudk a&;qGJcdkif;onf/ xdkrSwzef t[dyxrOD;qkH; aygufzGm;
vdkufaom ykHqGJq&muav;um; armifaqGwifhjzpfayonf/ 1957 ckESpfxd 24vaom
&Ir0r*¾Zif;xJ&Sd t[du@wGif armifaqGwifh\vuf&mrsm;udk awGUEdkifygonf/ odkUaomf
olonf wckckudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf vdkufpm;olr[kwf/ þodkUykHawGqGJae&mrSaemuf pma&;
q&mbufvdkufoGm;\/ ,ck olUzcifvuf&mqufcHí &kyf&Sif'g&dkufwmvkyfaejyef\/
oD;jcm;t[d
t[du@udk &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;rSm pwifxnfhoGif;pOfu OD;ausmfonf uRefawmfhtm;
]aomMum}uJUodkU [mopmapmifwck oD;jcm;xkwfoGm;Edkifatmif BuHpnfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/
]]pmayvkyfief;eJU toufarG;r,fqdk&if udk,fpma&;wmtjyif pmwtkyfxkwfEdkif&if
ydkaumif;r,f}}
OD;ausmfu uRefawmfhudk ajymcJUygonf/ olajymonfhtwdkif;vnf; pDpOfay;ygonf/
olUtpDtpOftwdkif; &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;rSm aomfwmaqG\ t[du@ygcJUí wvxufwv
aomfwmaqG\ wynfhvufom; uavmifopfuav;awG aygufzGm;vmcJU&m? ESpfESpf
ajrmufaomtcgü OD;ausmfu uRefawmfhtm; ]]uJ..udk&ifBuD;? udk&ifBuD;rSm wynfhvufom;
awGeJU tawmiftvufpkHNyD? t[dudk oD;jcm;cGJxkwfaya&mh}}
xdkUaMumifh 1959 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvwGif t[deHywf1udk pwifxkwfa0vdkufygonf/
xdktcsdefumvu pmwtkyfxkwfzdkU&m tvGefvG,fulvSygonf/ tcsdefrSefrSefxkwf aom
owif;pm? *sme,f? r*¾Zif;rsm;omvQif pmwdkufc txl;EIef;&&ef ta&;ydkif&kH;rSm
oGm;rSwfykHwif&ygonf/ þodkUrSwfykHwif&onfrSmvnf; vG,fulvS\/ ta&;ydkif&kH;oGm;?
pma&;BuD;awG ajymjy? pma&;BuD;u avQmufvTmykHpHay;? vdktyfonfrsm;a&;? ta&;ydkifeJU
awGU? vufrSwfxdk;ay;? 10rdepftwGif;rSmbJudpöNyD;oGm;\/ uRefawmfht[d rSwfykHwifeHywf
&cJU\/ xdkrSwqifh pmwkdufoGm;? pmwdkufc txl;EIef; R.430 eHywfudk &cJU\/
wESpftwGuf aiG 50d ay;cJU&\/
udk,fxkwfvdkrSxkwf? tcsdefrSefrxkwfaom vkH;csif;0w¬KwkdUum;? bmrQrSwfykHwifae
p&mrvdk/ bmpmay? nmpmay? bmwdkufnmwdkuf? pma&;q&mb,folqdkNyD;? owif;pmxJ
u aMumfjimxkwf&kHbJ/ puúLqdkwmuvnf; wxkwfrS 8d ywfvnf? vdkcsifoavmuf
0,f,l í&\/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm vpOft[dtjyif? vkH;csif;0w¬Kxkwf&ef
aomfwmpmay vnf; trnf,lxm;vdkufygao;\/
t[d &if;ESD;aiG
pmwtkyfxkwf&mü &if;ESD;aiGawG &Sd&ayrnf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfhrSm &&pm;pm;rdkU
vufxJydkonf r&SdaomaMumifh rEåav;rS pmtkyfudk,fpm;vS,f &J&ifhOD;aX;xH pma&;vdkuf&
onf/
OD;aX;cifAsm...
uRefawmftck]aomMum}uJUodkU ]t[d}rnfaom [mopmapmifwck xkwfrnf/ EdkUNyD;
]aomfwmpmay}qdkí vkH;csif;0w¬Krsm;vnf; xkwfrnf/ uRefawmfxkwforQ pmtkyfawG
txufjrefrmjynftwGuf OD;aX;udkcsnfh udk,fpm;vS,fay;rnfaygh/ 'gaMumifhtck
uRefawmfhrSm &if;ESD;bdkU aiG1000d(waxmifusyf)ay;vdkufyg cifAsm;/
aemufwajz;ajz; vpOfMunfhESdrfoGm;ayghAsm/ BuD;yGm;wdk;wufygap/
aomfwmaqG
aomfwmaqGu [mopmapmifawG oD;oefUxkwfr,fqdkawmh [dwfuvJ &Sdae oudk;/
OD;aX;qDuaiG rMumcifbJ a&mufvmygv,f/ onfawmh 'DaiGwaxmifudk
uRefawmfhvufxJ rxm;ygbll;/ (okH;pm;ypfvdkufrdrSm pdk;vdkU) OD;ausmfvufxJ
tyfvdkufw,f/ tJonfwkef;u &Ir0wdkufrSmu puúLawG wykHwyifBuD;&Sdw,f/
aygufaps;eJU &Ir0puúLawG ,l&dkufr,f/ uRefawmfu pmtkyfjzpfatmif vkyfay;&kHbJ/
jzefUcsDawmhvJ &Ir0ubJ wv wcg pm&if;&Sif;Mu/
uRefawmfhtzdkU pmwtkyfvkyf&wm tifrwefvG,fulygw,f/ b,fpma&;q&mawG qDurS
pmrlawmif;p&m rvdkygbl;/ t[d &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;rSm &ifcGifydkuf &SdpOfwkef;uwnf; u
uRefawmfa&G;cs,fxm;wJU uavmifopfawG&JUpmrlrsm;tjynfh/ uRefawmfht[daqmifyk'f u
]uavmiftrnf opfaomfvnf; t[du a&G;cs,fvQif pHcsdefrSDpmrlljzpfaMumif; pdwfcs&
onf/
t[dtrSwf 1u uRefawmfhuavmifopfawG Munfhr,fqdk&if jrifhxGef;? xGef;ñTefUOD;?
ñTefUatmif? rdpE´m? arjrwfav;? rpHvS0if;cdkif? armifMuufayg? atmif(vQyfppf)?
,pfa&T&nf? rsKd;a*gif;? aiGarmif;? aygif;wnfpef;jrifh? ewåvif; cspfvGif? jynfat;udk?
rrñTefU? rGef;pE´m? armifva&mif? usKdufvwfrdk;jrifh? tDMumauG;? a&Twnf&efaemif? zkef;zkef;?
bdu©Kt*¾ pdPÖ/
aemufqkH;ESpfOd;u ouFef;0wfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ odkUaomf bdu©Kt*¾pdPÖtm; uRefawmfESifh
vlcsif;awGU&awmh? vl0wfESifhjzpfaeNyD/ zkef;zkef;um; ,cktnmwGif
ausmif;xdkifudk,fawmfBuD; jzpfaeonf/ &efukefodkU rMumcP <uwwfonf/ olUuavmif
onf t[drS ausmfvGefNyD; aiGwm&D? jr0wDwdkUwGif awGU&wwfonf/ pmayudk tjrwfwEdk;
BudK;pm;a&;om;&if;jzifh b0ewfxH ysHvGefawmfrlrnfh yk*¾dkvfESifhwlavonf/ 'kH;wvkH;awmh
wynfhawmf vSLr,faemf/
,if;odkU t[dudk &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;rS cGJxkwfaomtcg? yxrOD;qkH; rsufESmzkH;udk
udkatmif&Sdeftm; qGJapygonf/ aemufudkazodef;/ twGif;ykHrsm;udkvnf; olwkdUESpfa,muf
tjyif? armifaqGwifhESifh umwGef;pdefBuD;udkvnf; qGJcdkif;ygonf/ aemufaemifwGif
t[donf pma&;q&mrsm;xuf/ ,ckemrnfBuD;aeaom umwGef;q&mav;awG arG;zGm;&m
jzpfcJUawmhonf/
umwGef;0if;armif
t[dxkwfí okH;av;tkyfrQ&Sdaomtcg uRefawmfaexdkif&m &Gmwef;&SnftdrfodkU touf 20
avmufvli,fwpfOD; a&mufvmum? olqGJxm;aomykHrsm;udk jyí? t[dwGif
a&;qGJcsifygonf[k ajymonf/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkif ra&;qGJwwfaomfvnf; &Ir0&kyfpkH
r*¾Zif;wdkufwGif &kyfykHtrsKd;rsKd;awG rsufpd,Ofaeí? olUvuf&mrsm; tpGrf;tp&Sdonfudk
uRefawmfjrifonf/ odkUaomf usifhprdkU rjynfhpkHao;ay/ xdkUaMumifholvJtusKd;&Sd? uRefawmf
vnf; tvkyfNyD;atmif pDrHonf/
]]'DvdkvkyfuGm? rif;ightdrfeJU udkatmif&SdefUtdrf? udkazodef;tdrfwkdUudk ul;oef;aeuGm?
bmvkyf&rvJqdk&if iga&G;xm;wJUpmrlawGudk acgif;pnf;ykHqGJbdkU udkatmif&SdefeJU udkazodef;
qDoGm;ydkU? tJ'Dawmh olwkdUqGJwmawGudkvJ rif;xdkifMunfh? rif;qGJwmudkvJ olwkdUudkjy?
tJ'g[m...q&meJU ykHqGJvufxyf oifwmayghuGm? [kwfvm;...}}
,if;odkUjzifh olonf udkatmif&SdefESifh udkazodef;wkdUxHwGif wynfhcH&m a&mufoGm; ayonf/
olUvuf&mrsm;udkvnf; wjznf;jznf; t[drSm okH;av&m? aemuf 2ESpfrQMum aomtcg/
rsufESmzkH;a&m twGif;ykHrwGyg? udkatmif&SdefESifh udkazodef;wkdU vufvTwf& aomtajcodkU
a&mufcJUygawmhonf/
tEkynm\oabm
þae&mü tEkynm\oabmudk ppfaMumrdygonf/ 0if;armifonf uRefawmfhtdrf
pwifa&mufcJUpOfu? olUzmomol umwGef;0goemygí? pGwf&Gwfa&;qGJaeonf/ b,fq&m
ESifhrQ rsufjrifudk,fawGU oifMum;bl;ao;onf r[kwf/ azmfjycJUonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfu
udkatmif&SdefESifh udkazodef;xHwGif vufawGUoifaponf/ xkdUaMumifh 0if;armifonf
udkatmif&SdefESifh udkazodef;wkdU\ wynfh&if;csmjzpfygayonf/ odkU&mwGif ,ck0if;armif\
umwGef;vuf&mawGMunfhyg/ udkatmif&Sdef[efESifh wlygovm;? udkazodef;ykHESifh qifygo
vm;? rwlyg? rqifyg? 0if;armifa&;csufu olUrlESifhol wrsKd;wbmom vmygonf/
uRefawmfowdxm;rdonf/ yef;csDq&mawG? umwGef;q&mawGxHrSm vufawGUvm a&muf
oifMuaom wynfhwyef;rsm;&SdMuav&m? rsm;pGmaom wynfhwdkUonf olwkdUq&mh
vuf&mESifhwlatmif BudK;pm;Muojzifh? olwkdUykHrsm;rSm q&mhaemufvdkuf? 'kwd,zdk;pdefrsm;
jzpfMuukefonf/ wbmomxl;í rvmMuyg/ ,if;onf xl;cRefaom tEkynm&Sif r[kwf
jcif;yif/
0if;armifum; olUynmESifhol wrsKd;wbmom vmcJUojzifh ,cktcsdefü wd&pämefrsKd; pkH
a&;qGJenf;? trsKd;orD;ykHa&;qGJenf;? trsKd;om;ykH a&;qGJenf;paom pmtkyfrsm;udkyif
xkwfa0vsuf &SdavNyD/
xdkUaMumifh t[donf umwGef;0if;armifudk arG;zGm;ay;onf rnfaomaMumifh
uRefawmf0rf;omtm;& jzpfrdygonf/
pifppf txift&Sm;tm;jzifh 0if;armifwa,mufom uRefawmfacgif;wyfajymvdkuf
aomfvnf;? t[du aygufzGm;cJUaom umwGef;q&mav;rsm;rSm 0if;armifwa,mufwnf;
r[kwfacs/ olUtzGJUtaygif;tazmfrsm; &Sdacsao;\/ todkUrl t[dtwGuf ykHrsm;udk
0ifa;rmiftm; uRefawmfpdwfcsvufcs vTJxm;vdkufaomtcg 0if;armifonf olUa&mif;&if;
oli,fcsif;rsm;udkyg t[dwGif vufwnfhprf;apawmh\/ ¤if;wkdUwGif uRefawmfodorQ
a&Trif;om;? pHa&TjrifhESifh emrnfBuD;ol jrifhodef;? BuHUA[kef; a&;qGJol atmifjrifh/ olu
uRefawmfht[dxJrS uRefawmfhZmwfvdkuf ]BuHUA[kef;}emrnfygç,loljzpf\/ aemufeDvm
&kyfpkHqGJol wifatmifeD? ay:qef;arT;ponfwdkU jzpfMuukef\/ olwkdUonf umwGef;pmtkyf
awG yvlysHatmif xkwf&pOfu emrnfvQrf;vQrf;awmufolrsm; jzpfMu\/
t[d\ vkyfazmfrsm;
(1) aiGarmif;
t[du@udk &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;xJ xnfhoGif;aepOfuyif? uavmiftrnf aiGarmif; jzifh
olUvdyfpmrygaom pmrlrsm;a&mufvmonf/
udkaqG....
uRefawmfhxH pmjyefp&m rvdkyg/ uRefawmfh0w¬Krsm;udk udkaqGBudKufovdkokH;yg/ raumif;&if
y,fyg/ uRefawmf&Ir0udk tNrJapmifhzwfaeygw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh
awmwGif;wae&mubJ/
pifppf olUpmrlrsm;udk y,f&onf[lí r&Sdyg/ a&mufvmorQ aumif;wmcsnf;jzpf \/
aiGarmif; uRefawmfESifh wlonfrSm [moudkvnf; a&;wwf\/ pkHaxmuf vQKdU0SufoJzdk
rsKd;vnf; Edkifeif;\/ ol\ ]nae 5em&D}rnfaom 0w¬Kudk aomfwmaqGemrnfwyfí &Ir0
&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;xJ xnfhcJUbl;\/
uRefawmft[drS t,f'DwmvkyfpOfu a&mufvmorQaom uavmifopfrsm;xJwGif
aiGarmif;udk uRefawmftm;t&qkH;ESifh pmaye,füawmufxGef;vmrnfh Mu,fwyGifh[lí
tajrSmfvifhqkH;jzpf\/
odkUaomf xifovdkrjzpfvmcJUay/ tb,faMumifhenf;/ ,ck olUtaMumif;a&;jy rnf/
olUtaMumif;a&;jy&onfrSm olUtusKd;twGuf r[kwfay/ pmay0goem&SifwkdU &IuGufwck
&pdrfhiSmjzpf\/
t[dudk &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif; &ifcGifrScGmí oD;oefUxkwfrnfhESpfrSmyif aiGarmif;trnfcH
udkwifoef;onf tvif;odkUa&mufvmonf/ olonf oxkHom;Zmwd/ 1948-49ckESpf
wuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;rsm;awmcdkpOfu ygoGm;cJUoljzpf\/
ol...uRefawmfhtdrfa&mufvmonfESifh t[dudk oD;jcm;xkwfonfESifh tqifoifhyif/ t[d\
vkyfazmfwOD;jzpfvmcJUav\/ uRefawmfhtdrfrSmyif tdyfpm;aeonf/ olonfpmay e,fodkU
ajcpkHypf0if&rnfhtcsdefodkU a&mufaeayNyD/ tajctaeuvnf; ay;aeNyD/
olU0w¬KawGudkxnfh&ef t[d&SdaeNyD/ &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;&SdaeNyD/ vkH;csif;0w¬KqdkvQif ]aomfwm
pmay}rS xkwfEdkifNyD/ aiGarmif;onf yifudk,fvnf;a&;wwfonf/ rSD;vnf; rSD;wwfonf/
bmomjyefvnf; aumif;onf/ t*Fvdyf jrefrm ESpfbmomEdkifonf/
]rcifESif;qD}0w¬Kudk uRefawmfa&;aepOfu oluRefawmfhtdrfrSm &Sdaeonf/ þ0w¬K onf
P.C. Wodehouse \ The Code of Woodstars udk rSD;a&;jcif;jzpfay&m?
uRefawmf w0ufausmfausmfa&;NyD;aomtcgü uRefawmfa&;vufp pmrlawGESifh
t*Fvdyfpmtkyfudk olU uRefawmfay;vdkufonf/
]]tJ'g ESpfckpvkH;udk cifAsm;zwfMunfh? t*FvdyfpmtkyfxJu b,folUudk uRefawmf Armvdk
b,fvlvkyfxm;w,f? bmypönf;udkbmajymif;xm;w,f? b,fae&mudk b,fNrdKU
vkyfxm;w,f? tJ'gawG awGUvdrfhr,f...}}
olzwfNyD;NyD ajymaomtcg...
]]cifAsm;...oabmayguf&JUvm;...}}
]]aygufw,f...udkaqG...}}
]]'gjzifh cifAsm; uRefawmfhudk,fpm; qufa&;oGm;Edkifyghrvm;...}}
]][m...a&;Edkifw,fudkaqG? tqkH;owfu ]tl&Dvm}qdkwJU code word vQKdU0Sufpum;?
tJ'gudk b,fvdkajymif;rvJomajym}}
]]tJ'g uRefawmfhwm0efxm;? aemufqkH;tcef;udk uRefawmfa&;r,f...}}
uRefawmfa&;cJUaom [mo0w¬KwdkUrSm yifudk,fbJjzpfjzpf? rSD;wmbJjzpfjzpf mystery ac:
vQKdU0SufZmwfvrf;qifí? aemufqkH;rSm twist ac:tvSnfhESifh Zmwfodrf;avh&Sd&m?
Zmwfvrf;tydwfonf ta&;BuD;qkH;jzpf\/ ola&SmfoGm;vQif wtkyfvkH; a&SmfoGm;\/
olaumif;ygrS a&;vmorQudk y&dowfauseyfoGm;um [m;ueJ&,farmNyD;? [if;ueJ
ESpfoufaom oufjyif;BuD;udk csayvdrfhrnf/
0k'fa[mufpf\ rl&if;Zmwfvrf;rSm t*FvefjynfwGif Lord ac:NrdKUpm; e,fpm;bJGU& aom
vlBuD;vlaumif; wa,mufonf þtcsdefrSm NrdKUpm;e,fpm;acwfr[kwfí? pD;yGm;
a&;raumif;ojzifh trsKd;orD;wkdU\ &ifwk? b&mZD,mESifh wifwkaumhqufrsm;vkyfaom
ukrÜPDwck wdwfwdwfykef; wnfaxmifxm;\/ olESifhwef;wl&nfwlvlrsm; rodap&/
odvQif olvdke,fpm;y,fpm;rsKd;BuD;u 'Dvdkrdef;rawG&JU atmufuvdtmypönf;awG
vkyfa&mif;ae&w,fqdkawmh rnfrQ&Sufp&maumif;ygoenf;? 'gaMumifholu vQKdU0Sufxm;
\/ þvQKdU0Sufxm;jcif;udk azmfEdkifonfu ]tl&Dvm}qdkonfh vQKdU0Sufpum;uav;wvkH;
wnf;yif/ 'Dpum;vkH;onf olUtm;Edkifayguf/
,if;udk uRefawmfu jrefrmvdka&;xm;awmh olUtwdkif;,lír&NyD/ uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmrSm
e,fpm;NrdKUpm;rsKd;awGvJ r&Sdawmh/ EdkUNyD;...usKyfwdkUjrefrmvlrsKd;u ZmabmfvDcsKyf wm?
b&mZD,mvkyfwm &Sufp&mavm/ rdrdemrnfawGwyfNyD;awmif vdyfpmESifhaMumfjim
aeMuonf r[kwfygvm;/
xdkUaMumifh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;tzdkU t&kyfqkd;aom vkyfief;BuD;wckudk ajymif;,l&onf/
udkoHcJBuD; rnfaomav;vkH;ajcmufzufvlBuD;onf umrtm;wdk;aq;rsm; azmfía&mif;pm;
aeonf/ odkUaomf oludk,fwdkifrl olUaq;olprf;&if;jzifh wvGJwacsmfjzpfí vlpOfrrSDjzpf
oGm;\/ 'gudk olvlodrcH0HU/ ,if;udk uRefawmfu ]rcifESif;qD}[k vQKdU0Sufpum;vkyfypf
vdkufonf/ þpmtkyf rMumrDjyefxGufrnf/ 'kwd,tBudrf &dkufcGifh&NyD/
þ]rcifESif;qD}0w¬Konf aiGarmif;\vufpGrf;udk odomEdkifonf/ uRefawmfa&SUu
a&;cJUorQudk olaemufu vdkufEdkifonf/ uRefawmfhvuf&mESifhrjcm;yg/ xdkUaMumifh
uRefawmfolUudk atmifjrifausmfMum;aom pma&;q&mwa,mufjzpfvm&ef ajrSmfvifhcJU
onf/ tm;ay;cJUonf/
odkU&mwGif oljzpfrvmcsifawmh/ taMumif;uþodkUzefvm\/ ]uRefawmfht[d
pmtkyf&dkufESdyfonfu prf;acsmif;? uRef;awmvrf;? jrjr0if; ykHESdyfpuf? udkoef;wif\aetdrf
wGifjzpf\/ udkoef;wifu olUZeD;emrnfESifh ykHESdyfpufaxmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkpOfrSm udkoef;wifu &l;ar;eD;,m;oH&kH;rS rpöwm,leufpul;rnfaom t&m&Sd
wa,mufESifh cifrifaví &l;ar;eD;,m;oH&kH;rS jrefrmvdkxkwfaom pmtkyfrsm;twGuf
udkoef;wifu t*FvdyfrS jrefrmvdk bmomjyefay;&onf/ bmomjyefay;&onfursm;
awmh udkoef;wifuwqifh? ]aiGarmif;tm; jyefcdkif;jyefonf/ bmomjyefcvnf; jrufjruf
uav;&Muonf/ odkUaomf udkoef;wifrSm tjcm;tvkyfuvnf;&Sdojzifh aemufawmh
&l;ar;eD;,m;oH&kH;rS bmomjyefjcif;rsm;udk aiGarmif;odkUom vTJay;awmh? aiGarmif;onf
rpöwm,leufpul;ESifh 'g&dkufqufoG,foGm;av\/ rpöwm,leufpul;onf udkoef;wifrS
wqifh uRefawmfESifhvnf; cifrifvmoljzpfonf/ oludk,fwdkif pma&;q&mjzpf&ef BudK;pm;
cJUonf/ odkUaomf ratmifjrif/
uRefawmfu ]]ratmifjrifcJUvdkU rajymygeJU? ratmifjrifao;bl;vdkUom qdkoifhyg w,f?
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh pma&;q&mwa,muf[m b,ftcsdef b,ftouft&G,frSm
jzpf&r,fvdkU uefUowfxm;wmrS r[kwfzJ? ZGJowåd&Sd&SdeJU raorcsif;BudK;pm;&if waeUaeU
jzpfvmEdkifwmbJ? EdkUNyD; pma&;q&mqdkwm toufBuD;vmavav? b0tawGUtBuKH
rsm;vmavav aumif;avbJ r[kwfvm;}}
þpum;udk uRefawmfonf olUtdrfnpmpm;yGJrSm ajymjcif;jzpfav&m? rpöwm ,leufpul;
tvGefoabmusoGm;vsuf-
]]'g[m...pma&;q&mwa,muf&JU tzdk;wefpum;ygbJ? uRefawmftrsm;BuD;tm;&Sd
oGm;ygw,f? uRefawmfBudK;pm;ygtkH;r,f}}
rpöwm,leufpul;onf pma&;q&mb0udk oabmus\/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrm
pma&;q&mawGudkvnf; cspfcifonf/ xdkpOfu uRefawmfwdkU pma&;q&mtoif;u zsmykH
odkU oabFmwpfpD;iSm;í c&D;xGufMu&m olvnf;vdkufygvsuf 0DpuDykvif; w'gZif
qyÜvdkif;vkyfygonf/ jrefrmpma&;q&mawGESifh paumhcsf0DpuD awGUjcif;um; BuKHawmifh
BuKHcJwnf;/
ol uRefawmfESifhoduRrf;NyD; jrefrmjynfü ESpfESpfavmufaeí jyefoGm;av&m? rpöwm
,leufpul;onf &l;ar;eD;,m;jynfü ,ck pma&;q&mjzpfavvm;? rjzpfavvm;awmh
uRefawmf rajymEdkif/ xdkpOf xdktcsdefu xGef;aygufaom pma&;q&mwa,muf {uefjzpf
vmvdrfhrnf[k ajrSmfvifhxm;aom uRefawmfhwynfhBuD;? aiGarmif;um; rSef;csufESifh
ESrf;xGufudkufrvmay/
taMumif;um; vlysif;xrif;0 oGm;aomaMumifhyif/
todkU[llrl? rpöwm,leufpul;onf aiGarmif;bmomjyefonfudkvnf; oabmus?
aiGarmif;udkvnf; cifrifaví oljyefcgeD; qufoG,fay;cJUjcif;tm;jzifh &k&Sm;oH&kH;rSm
aiGarmif;onf pum;jyef? bmomjyeftvkyfudk &av\/ vcvnf; aumif;\/ 'Dawmh
aiGarmif;onf pma&;onfhbufudk rBudK;pm;awmhay/ ayghavsmhoGm;\/ uRefawmfhtdrfa&SU
u tdrfudkwv 50d ESifh iSm;um olUom;r,m;awGESifh aeavawmh\/ taMumif;tusKd;
uGif;qufuav;awGMunfhawmh? &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;xJwGif t[du@ygcJU&mrSonf awmjyef
tvif;a&muf aiGarmif;onf &efukefü vlwvkH;olwvkH; jzpfoGm;avNyD/ olUrSm oH&kH;u
ay;aomum;ESifh tdrfrSm w,fvDzkef;ESifh/ uRefawmfhxuf vlaerItqifhtwef; jrifhoGm;yg
NyD/
odkU&mwGif uRefawmfu olpma&;q&mjzpfrvmonfhtwGuf rauseyf/
pifppf udk,fhtcGifhta&;&cdkufrSm pma&;onfhtvkyfudk 'vMurf;wGef;&rnf/ vpOf
r*¾Zif;rSmygEdkifatmif? aemufNyD;vkH;csif;xkwfEdkifatmif/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkif þodkU r&yf
rem;BudK;pm;cJUonf r[kwfygvm;? tckvJ BudK;pm;vsufzJ? pma&;q&mtvkyfonf &yfem;
&onfr[kwfay/ vScsifaom tysKdav;onf tNrJwrf; zD;vdrf;0wfpm;jyifqif bdouJUodkU
yif/
aiGarmif;\ vufpGrf;udk uRefawmfodonf/ olr*¾Zif;0w¬Ka&;vQif &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif; rSm
ygEdkifonf/ vkH;csif;a&;vQif pGHEdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfu ]]oH&kH;tvkyfvJ vkyfaygh?
pmudkvJ BudK;pm;a&;prf;yg}} wkdufwGef;aomtcg oluqifajcay;\/
]]udkaqG...reuf&kH;oGm; naerSjyef? waeUvkH; &kH;tvkyfawGeJU yifyef;aeawmh b,frSm
pma&;EdkifrvJAsm}}
]]'gayr,fh cifAsm;t&ufaomufNyD; rl;aebdkUawmh tcsdef&Sdoaygh}}
aiGarmif;onf q&mhwynfhyDyD uRefawmfhvdkbJ t&ufudkawmh tvGefBudKufoljzpf \/
uRefawmfuqufvufNyD; ajymonf/
]]'DrSm udkwifoef;? vlUjynfrSm a,mufsm;awG BudKufwwfwJUraumif;rI okH;ck&Sdw,f? wpf-
t&ufaomufjcif;? ESpf-avmif;upm;jcif;? okH;-rdef;rvdkufpm;jcif;? 'DokH;rsKd;udktrsm;
vlxku uJU&JUjypfwif&IwfcsMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh vlUjynfrSmt&uform;awG? zJorm;awG?
rdef;rvdkufpm;wJUvlawG tjynfhbJAsm/ uRefawmfeJUcifAsm;udk,fwdkif t&uform;Asm
[kwfvm;/ wu,fawmh&if b,ftvkyftudkif b,ftzGJUtpnf;urS vlawGudk t&uf
aomufpm;bdkU? avmif;upm;bdkU? rdef;rvdkufpm;bkdU&,fvdkU oD;oefUtcsdefay;rxm;ygbl;/
tcGifhta&;zefwD;ay;rxm;ygbl;/ odkUaomfvJ t&uform;rSm t&ufaomufzdkUydkufqHeJU
rl;aebdkU tcsdef&SdoAs/ zJorm;rSm avmif;upm;bdkUaiGeJU zJ&dkufbdkUtcsdef&SdoAs/ rdef;rvdkuf
pm;olrSmvJ xdkenf;¤if;bJ...? 'Dawmh vltrsm;pku rBudKufrESpfoufwJU tJ'Draumif;rIawG
vkyfzdkU tcsdefeJUypönf;&Sdae&ifjzifh b,folrS uJU&JUjypfwif &Iwfcsjcif;rjyKwJU pma&;jcif;
tvkyfudk b,frSmtcsdefr&Sdbl;vdkU qifajcay;ae&rvJAs? uRefawmfjrif;vSnf;armif;&if;?
ukefonfvkyf&if; pma&;vmwJUaumif/ 'djyifvlomcifAsm; 'DqifajcrsKd;ay;&ifay;?
usKyfudkawmh ray;eJU...}}
ol uRefawmfhudk aMumufvnf;aMumuf? cspfcifav;pm;olvnf; jzpfonfrdkU...
]]uRefawmfBudK;pm;ygr,f}}[k tmrcH\/
]]tif;...BudK;pm;r,fqdkwmu ta<u;xm;vdkU&wmr[kwfbl;aemf}}
,if;odkU uRefawmfwdkufwdkufwGef;wGef; vkyfjcif;jzifh? av;ig;&SpfESpftwGif;rSm
pmokH;tkyfxGufvm\/ (1)vGwfatmifom ajy;ygar&,f (1-usyfwef 0w¬K)? (2) csKdrdkifrdkif
(bmomjyef &k&Sm;[mo0w¬K 2-usyfwef? aomfwmpmayrS xkwfay;vdkuf\/) (3)
cspft@0gaMum0,f ('D0w¬Kawmh olUemrnfESifhr[kwf? uRefawmfhemrnfESifh jrpmayrS
xkwf\/) tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olUudk uRefawmfu rD;ía&;Edkifaom
P.G.Wodehouse \ Luck of Bodkins ESifh Laughing Gass 0w¬KESpftkyf
ay;xm;&m? olonf yxrtkyfudk a&;aeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; awmfawmfESifh rNyD;Edkifojzifh?
olUa&;vufpawG,lí uRefawmfu tNyD;a&;um aomfwmaqGemrnfESifh
xkwfvkdufjcif;jzpf\/ ]rcifESif;qD}wkef;u uRefawmf ua&SUrSudkifí olu aemufrSudkif\/
]cspftPÖ0gaMum0,f}rSmawmh olua&SUu? uRefawmfu aemufydkif;udkif&\/
olUvufpGrf;udk uRefawmfþrQ ,kHMunfpdwfcsyg\/ odkUaomfolonf vcaumif; aom
oH&kH;tvkyfESifh ]vlysif;xrif;0}í pmaye,fudk cyftiftifvkyfaecJU&m? ,ckawmh
iwdraeomNyD/ xkdoH&kH;rStvkyfudk EkwfxGufcJU&í pmaybufodkU jyefvSnfhvmum
uRefawmfay;xm;aom Laughing Gass udkrSD;NyD; ]owif;BuD;wJU rif;orD;}[k
vkH;csif;0w¬K &snfBuD;a&;vmonf/ 64-&Guf&Sdaom ausmif;okH;Avmpmtkyf 11-tkyf?
0w¬Kpmtkyftae jzifh pmrsufESm 600-ausmfvdrfhrnf/ iwdrnfrQBudK;pm;vmoenf;/
cvkwfxdrS trdwçay oudk;/ ,ckaiGarmif;pmaye,fodkU atmifjrifpGm a&mufvmrnfavm/
þpmtkyfjzifh Munfh &rnf/ rl&if;0w¬Kuawmh tvGefaumif;/ zwfol
£ajE´rqnfEdkifatmifyif &,f&onf/ urÇmausmf 0w¬KBuD;ayudk
usKdufvwf rdk;jrifh
aiGarmif;aemuf t[dvkyfazmftjzpf 'kwd,a&mufvmolrSm usKdufvwfrdk;jrifh/ t[donf
&Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;rdcif\ &ifcGifxJrSm &SdpOfwkef;uyif? olonf awmobm0
[mowdkxGmrsm;udk a&;ydkUí uRefawmfa&G;cs,fxnfhoGif;cJU\/ vlcsif;awmh ol,ck
uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmrSyif jrifbl;onf/ t&yfjrifhjrifh? tom;ndKndK? tifrwef&dk;om;
aom ykHoP²mef&Sd\/ olUrsufuGif;u us,fus,f0dkif;0dkif; rsufvkH;&GJBuD;ESifh?
uav;BuD;ESifhwl \/
olu ]]q&m...uRefawmf t[drSm ulvkyfyg&ap}}qdkawmh...
uRefawmfu ]]cifAsm;t[drSm bmjyKvdkU vkyfcsifwmvJ? vcaumif;aumif;&r,frsm;
xifvdkUvm;? wjcm;tvkyfr&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]t&ifwkef;u &Sdw,fq&m? tckr&Sdawmhbl;}}
]]b,fu tvkyfjyKwfvmwmvJ}}
]]jyKwfwmr[kwfygbl;q&m? aMu;rkHowif;pmrSm pmjyifwJUtvkyfyg? tck aMu;rkH
ydwfxm;vdkU...}}
]]cifAsm; aMu;rkHrSmvkyfwkef;u vcb,favmuf&ovJ}}
]]120 &ygw,f}}
]]cifAsm;rSm om;r,m; r&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]'DavmufBuD;vdkUrS tNrD;rayguf bmarsmufvJq&m? uav;okH;a,mufawmif &Sdyg w,f}}
]]'Dvc 120d eJUavmufovm;}}
]]b,favmufrvJ q&m/ rdef;ru yJjyKwfa&mif;&w,f}}
]]atmifr,f? 'Dvdkqdk cifAsm;xdkifpm;avmufom;bJ? uJ...uJ uRefawmfht[duvJ aMu;rkHu
ay;ovdkbJ 120d ,lAsm}}
xdktcsdefü aiGarmif;udkawmh uRefawmfu vcay;p&m rvdkay/ uRefawmfhtdrfwGif
tdyfpm;aevsuf? olu t[dudk vkyf&if; &lar;eD;,m;oH&kH;rS bmomjyefcçawG&ae\/
zkef;N*D;ausmif; rsKd;a*gif;
uRefawmfhtdrf aemufxyfa&mufvmolrSm zkef;N*D;ausmif; rsKd;a*gif;emrnfESifh t[d wGif
a&;aeaom Adkvfazoef; (,ckawmh AdkvfrSL;aygh)/ oluawmh tvkyfr&Sdí vmol r[kwf/
ppfwyfu cGifh&uf&Snf&onfESifh uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvm&m aiGarmif;ESifhawGUav aomf
q&mwynfhrsm;yDyD t&uform;csif; cspfMunfoGm;vsuf uRefawmfhtdrfrSm abmf'gae
awmh\/
xdktcsdefü &efBuD;atmifonf ajcmufvom;rQ &Sdav&m ntdyfvQif olwkdUokH; aumif
wjcifaxmifxJ tdyfMu&onf/ Adkvfazoef;onf uRefawmfhtm; ]taz}? arhtm;
]tar}[kac:onfhwdkif cspfcif&if;ESD;oGm;\/ aiGarmif;ESifhvnf; olwkdUESpfa,mufonf
,ckwdkif tquftoG,f rjywf/ nDtudk&if;uJUodkU cspfcifMu\/
xdktcsdefü uRefawmfhtdrfuav;rSm vlpnfvSonf/ usKdufvwfrdk;jrifhonf
ajrmufOuúvmrSmaeí reufqdkvQif uRefawmfhtdrfa&mufvmum xrif;pm;NyD;rS ykHESdyfwdkuf?
bavmufwdkufodkUoGm;\/ 0if;armifvnf; w&ufjcm; ESpf&ufjcm;vm\/
we*FaEGaeUqdkvQif xdkpOfu tif;vsm;aqmifwGifaeaom t[da&;abmfrav;awG
jzpfMuonfh a&TularESif;? yJcl;jrifhav;? tkwfzdkrvGrf;rlwdkUvmMu\/ olwkdUu xrif;pm;&kH
ru tjyefwGif olwkdUausmif;rSm [dk'if; 'D'if;okyfpm;&ef ykZGefajcmuf? ig;yd? i&kwf?
MuufoGefwkdUyg o,foGm;Muao;\/ rdef;uav;rsm; p&dwfrao;ay/ olwkdUu t&uf
raomufí awmfao;\/ uRefawmfwkdU a,mufsm;ydkif;uawmh usKdufvwfrdk;jrifhwa,muf
zJ raomufwwf/ xdkUaMumifholUudk rdef;r0dkif;xJoGif;í aumifrav;awGESifh xrif;pm;ap
&m? atmifr,f olubJ&SufvdkU &J&Jrpm;0HUwJUykHrsKd; awGU&ao;\/ udkrdk;jrifhum; þrQ&dk;\/
(tck ajrmufOuúvmrSm jynfolUw&m;olBuD; jzpfaeowJUAs/)
atmif(vQyfppf)
t[dvkyfazmf wwd,a&mufvmolrSm atmif(vQyfppf)emrnfESifh t[dwGif a&;aeoljzpf\/
ppfoljrav; qdkaom uavmifemrnfvnf;&Sd\/ olUemrnf&if;u armifjratmif/ olUudk
aemufawmh uRefawmfwkdUu ]atmif}[k wvkH;xJac:Mu\/
xdkpOfu atmifonf ppfwyfqm*sifb0rS usef;rma&;raumif;í aq;yifpifESifh
xGufcJU&&m? ol&onfh vpmav;ESifh olUtdrfaxmifrpm;avmuf/ xdkUaMumifht[drSmvkyfyg&
ap vmjcif;jzpf&um;? uRefawmfraeomawmhbJ...
]]uJ...udkrdk;jrifh 120du 100d ,lAsm? atmifuvJ 100d ,lAsm? ESpfa,muftwl tvkyfudk
cGJvkyfMuwmaygh}}[k pDpOfvdkuf&\/
xdktcsdefü aiGarmif;um; oH&kH;tvkyfzuf a&mufoGm;NyD/ uRefawmfonf pmtkyf
xkwfaeaomfvnf; pma&G;jcif;? pma&;jcif;rSvGJí tjcm;rvkyfcsif/ rvkyfEdkif/ pm&if;aomfrS
arhudkudkifcdkif;\/ xdkpOfu wvvQif w&mESpf&mavmufawmh wynfhvufom;udk ay;Edkif
onf/ t[dwGifygaom aMumfjimcbJMunfhyg/ rsufESmzkH;ausmbuf yGifhaumif; iefjym&nf
aMumfjimu 150d/ twGif;bufrSm 'DqlZm? qifESpfaumifaq;jyif;vdyfESifh e*g;aq;wkdufu
60dpD/ 'Dawmh 180d+150d=330d tvum; &raeygvm;/ pmtkyfxGufw,fqdk 'DaiG 330du
csufjcif;&wmbJ? t[duvJ jrwfaeao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh udkrdk;jrifh 100d? atmif 100d?
ay;EdkifcJUoy/
odkUaomf udkrdk;jrifhonf atmifa&mufNyD; ESpfvrQtMum aMu;rkHowif;pmjyefzGifh ojzifh
t[drS xGufoGm;ygawmhonf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu atmifudk wvvQif 150d ay;vdkuf\/
xdktcsdefrSm &Gmwef;&SnfrS ,ckaeaom rmvumNcHtdrfodkU a&mufNyDjzpfí pmtkyf
jzefUcsDa&;udk &Ir0odkU ray;awmhbJ? aomfwmpmay[k qdkif;bkwfwyfí jzefUawmh\/
udk,fa&;aom vkH;csif;pmtkyfrsm;udkvnf; xkwfonf/ vkH;csif;ausmbuf
rsufESmzkH;udkvnf;? 'DqlZmrS aMumfjimawmif;í aiG,lvdkufao;\/ 'DqlZm OD;cifaZmfESifh
uRefawmfum; aomufazmfpm;buf? tvGef&if;ESD;í uRefawmfawmif;orQ
aMumfjimudkay;\/
odkU&mwGif t[dpmtkyfta&mif;&um; wpwpavsmhyg;vm\/ avsmhyg;&onfum;
pmtkyfu wajz;ajz;nHUvmaomaMumifhjzpf\/ bmrSmnHUnHUvmygoenf;/ twGif;ykHrsm;
jzpf\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf yxrrlv&dkufpOfu udkoef;wif\ jrjr0if;
ykHESdyfpufwGifjzpf &m? þpufu twGif;ykHawGudk ta&mifygatmif &dkufay;Edkif\/
pufuvnf; aumif;\/ puform;uvnf; awmf\/
aemuf udkoef;wifu olUpufudk a&mif;ypfav&m a&Twnf&efaemif qufoG,fay; aom
prf;acsmif; OD;armifarmifpufudk ajymif;&onfü xdkpufonf pufuvnf;aumif;?
pmvkH;awGua[mif;? puform;uvnf; ta&mifygatmif r&dkufay;Edkifojzifh pmtkyf
'va[m xdk;usavonf/
xifwvkH;
uRefawmfonf rdrdudk,frdrd awmfawmftxifBuD;cJUbl;\/ t[dudkpwif&dkufpOfu
waomif;&dkufr,f pdwful;\/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdkpOfu &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;onf
ESpfaomif;&dkufav&m? &Ir0wGif ESpf ESpfyg0ifcJUaom t[du@udk oD;oefUpmtkyf cGJxkwf
vdkufygu? waomif;awmh ra&mif;&ygavm/ EdkUNyD; &Ir0r*¾Zif;rSm aomfwmaqG a&;aeus
0w¬KrsKd; wyk'ft[dwGif [mo0w¬K&SnftjzpfESifh ygOD;rnf/ ESpfaomif;a&mif;&aom &Ir0
y&dowfxJrS aomfwmaqG y&dowfwaomif; r&SdEdkifygbl;vm;/
þtaMumif;udk OD;ausmftm; ajymjyawmh...
]]udk&ifh y&dowf[m &Ir0y&dowfzJ? &Ir0zwfwJUvlwdkif; udk&ifhudk BudKufMuwm csnf;bJ?
odkUaomf udk&ifwa,mufxJ cGJxGufawmh&if &Ir0zwfwJU vlawGtm;vkH;u udk&ifh t[dudk
0,fMuvdrfhr,f ratmufarheJU}}
]]at;av? [kwfygw,f? 'gaMumifh &Ir0ESpfaomif;&Sdwmudk t[du waomif;&dkuf
r,fajymwmaygh}}
]]'DavmufvJ rxifeJUudk&if}}
]]OD;ausmfu uRefawmfhudk w,ftxifao;wmudk;As}}
]]udk&ifhudk usKyftxifrao;ygbl;? 'gayr,fh &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;[m ZmwfobiftzGJU
BuD;eJUwloAs? udk&ifu 'DZmwfobiftzGJUBuD;xJrSm tifrwef vlBudKufrsm;wJU Zmwfaqmif
aumif;wa,mufayghAs/ 'gayr,fh udk&ifuwpifcGJaxmifwJUtcgrSm}}
]]awmf? awmf...uRefawmfem;vnfNyD? 'Dawmh b,favmufu p&dkuf&if aumif;r,f
xifovJ}}
]]ig;axmifu pMunfhayghAsm? pmwtkyf[m pxGufxGufcsif; uGufwdjywf&if aumif;w,f?
'grSr[kwf ravmufri jzpf&ifydkaumif;w,f}}
atmifr,fav;Asm/ wu,fawmh rSef;csufeJUESrf;xGufrudkufvdkufygvm;/ ig;axmif
&dkufygw,f/ av;axmifaysmhaysmhbJ ukefw,fcifAs/ waomif;rsm;&dkufrd 'ku©bJ/ t&IH;ay:
a&mbJ/ armifrif;BuD;om; OD;a&Tausmfu,fayvdkU/
]]tif;...'DavmufukefvJ rqdk;ygbl;Asm? vkyfomom;bJ? aemufv apmifa&wdk;vm
tkH;rvm; Munfh}}[k OD;ausmfu tm;ay;ygonf/ ]]pmtkyf ydkaumif;vmatmifvJ BudK;pm;As}}
uRefawmf wwfEdkifoavmuf BudK;pm;yg\/ odkUaomfvnf; yxrOD;qkH;v a&mif;&
wJUpHcsdefudkbJ rSDw,fr&Sd/ wvxufwv wpwpusonfxufom usvmojzifh av;v
ajrmufrSm 4000bJ &dkuf0HUawmh\/ 'Dav;axmifvJrukef/ aemuf OD;armifarmifpuf
a&mufawmh 3000bJ &SdawmhoAs/ 'DokH;axmifvJ rukef/ t[domr[kwf? t[dESifh toGif
wlonfh ]aomMum}vnf; 'DvdkbJ ususvmojzifh? aomMumxkwfol atmifAvonf
,ckaomMumxkwfaeol udkarmifav;tm; tvum;ay;vdkufawmh\/
bmaMumifh þpmtkyfi,f wusyfwefav;awG þrQapmifa&us&oenf;/
taMumif;&Smawmh &Ir0? jr0wD? aiGwm&D? aoG;aomufponfh ESpfusyfwefr*¾Zif;BuD;awG
ESifh ,SOfMunfhyg/ xdkpOfu ,if; 2usyfwef r*¾Zif;BuD;rsm; tNydKifBuJaeMu&m? pmrsufESm
300 ausmf/ uRefawmfwdkUt[dESifh aomMumu t&G,ftm;jzifh r*¾Zif;BuD;awG w0ufom
&SdNyD;? pmrsufESmu 100 avmufuav;&,f/ EdkUNyD; r*¾Zif;BuD;awGu emrnf& uavmif
&SifBuD;awG tpkHtvif/ uRefawmfht[du pmrlc ay;&rSmpdk;vdkU b,femrnf&Sd pma&;q&m
qDurS pmrlrawmif;bl;/ (uavmiftrnfopfaomfvnf; t[du a&G;cs,fvQif pHcsdefrSD
pmrljzpfaMumif; pdwfcs&onf) aqmifyk'fESifhtnD topfawGcsnf; uRefawmfjyKjyifxnfhae
wmbJ/ acwfomrajymif;bl;qdkvJ uRefawmfht[d[m b,fawmhrS rjyKwfEdkifygbl;/
okH;axmifavmuf &dkuf? ESpfaxmifavmufukef? waxmifavmuf ta[mif;aps;a&mif;?
wtkyfwrwf aiG 250d? 'gtjrwfzJ/ aemufNyD; aMumfjimcu 300d ausmf? pm;omaewm
ayghAs/ 'gayr,fhwJU? ukrÜPDawG jynfolydkifvJodrf;vdkufa&m? aMumfjimbdk; wjym;rS
r&awmhbl;/ tJonfrSm t[drsufjzLqdkufua&m? t[d r[dEdkifawmhbl;/ t[ifhvdkU
nnf;oHygvma&m/
'DtxJ t[drSm cdk;rnfhwynfhrsm;uvJ arG;rd&ufom;jzpfaeao;As/
t[dvkyfom;pm&if; jyefMunfhvdkufr,fqdk&if...
yxrqkH;..aiGarmif;
'kwd,.....usKdufvwf rdk;jrifh
wwd,....atmif(vQyfppf)
1964 ckESpfavmufrSm atmifaoqkH;awmh? jrif;yGJ tydwfeJUvJBuKHvdkU jrif;yGJpma&; vkyfaewJU
armifva&mif t[dudk a&mufvmw,f/ tJ...armifva&mifawmh atmifvdk 150d
ray;Edkifawmhbl;/ wv 100deJUbJ/ 'Dwkef;u armifva&mifu vlysKdrdKU ]]wjym;rSray; vJ
vkyfEdkifygw,fq&m}}vdkU ajym&Smygw,f/ odkUaomf vcw&mtjyif oGm;wmvmwm
twGufwaeU wusyfESpfusyfvJ vrf;p&dwf ay;ygao;w,f/
'gayr,fh armifva&mif[m t[drSm MumMumrvkyfygbl;/ tqkwfa&m*gukXmerSm
tvkyf&oGm;vdkU? t[drSmvkyfzdkU ajrmufOuúvmu 0if;armifac:vmwJU taumifudkawmh
uRefawmf olUemrnfxnfhra&;csifbl;/ t[dvkyfom;pm&if;udk atmufygtwdkif;bJquf
r,f/
pwkw¬...armifva&mif
yOör...olcdk;(1)
qXr....olcdk;(2)
'Dolcdk;ESpfaumifvufxJrSm t[d[m ESpfaxmifbJ &dkuf&awmh? a&mif;vdkUwaxmif
rukefbl;vkyfMuw,f/ trSefawmh waxmifausmfukefygw,f/ odkUaomf wynfholcdk;vkyfykH
u topfa&mif;&wm 700? 800 avmufjyw,f/ usefwmudkta[mif;pm&if;jyw,f/
'Dawmh olb,fvdkpm;ovJqdk&if topfu udk,fpm;vS,fudk 30% aumfr&Sifay;awmU
wtkyfjym; 70 &w,f/ t[d ta[mif;aps;u aemufydkif;rSm wtkyfjym; 20om&wJU
twGuf? olpm&if;vdrfjywmrSm wtkyfudk jym; 50 pm;&w,f/ tkyfw&m aiG 50d? ESpf&mrSm
100d? 'Dvdkvkyfpm;aewmudk;/ aemufqkH; t[dapmifa& usvmvSw,fqdkNyD; uRefawmfudk,f
wdkif pmtkyfqdkifawGrSm vkdufppfaq;awmh Al;ay:ovdkay:vdkU? 'Daumifhudk uRefawmf
tvkyfurxkwf&ygbl;? olU[molbJ rvmawmhbl;/
tJ'Daumif[m t[d t,f'DwmqdkNyD;? bmpmrSjzpfajrmufatmif ra&;wwfzJeJU?
pmayvkyfom;tzGJU0ifvdkU pmtkyfxkwfcGifh rSwfykHwifawmif ,lxm;oAs/ ckawmh puúLawG
a&mif;pm;vdkUqdkvm;? rSwfykHwifudk &kyfodrf;vdkufNyD Mum;&wmbJ/
qXrajrmuf eHywfESpfolcdk;uvJ umwGef;0if;armifbJ ajrmufOuúvmu ac:vm wmbJ/
aumifav; touf 20avmuf/ pum;enf;enf;eJU tifrwef&dk;om;ykH&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fhvdkU
uRefawmf[m udk,fhwynhfqdk&if ,kHMunfwJUpdwf? cspfwJUpdwfeJUtifrwef vluJ
cyfnHUwmbJ/ tJ'Daumifav;u t&ifaumifxufawmif cdk;ao;w,f/ olb,favmuf
rsm;cdk;vdkufovJqdk&if t[drSm vpOft&IH;jyvmonftxdbJ/ tJ'DtxdvJ 'Daumifav;
cdk;w,fqdkwm uRefawmfrodao;bl;? bmaMumifhvJqdk 'Daumifav;[m vlysKdbJ/
reufwdkif; tdrfa&mufvm reufpmxrif;udk auR;w,f/ olUvc 100dtjyif? waeUudk
aiGwusyfvJ vrf;p&dwfay;w,f? 'Dawmh t&ifaumifu tdrfaxmifeJUrdkU ravmufvdkU
cdk;w,f/ uRefawmfcGifhvTwfw,f/ 'Daumifav;uawmh vlysKdrdkU? EdkUNyD; uRefawmfhtdrfrSmvJ
aeUpOf xrif;pm;aeolrdkU xrif;&Sifudk rjypfrSm;wefbl;vdkU ,kHMunfrdw,f/
awmuf? 'Daumifav; b,favmufrsm; tcdk;Murf;vdkufovJqdkawmh..
1959 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvu pxkwfcJUwJUt[d? 1971 ckESpf? pufwifbmvtxd 145tkyf
uRefawmfxkwfcJUwm atmufwdkbmvrSm uRefawmfqufrxkwfEdkifbl;/ &yf&awmh?
&JokH;abmf udkcifarmifu r&yfygeJU? olqufxkwfyg&ap/ uRefawmfhudk wv300d ay;yg
r,f/ tJonfwkef;u umwGef;awG? &kyfjyZmwfvrf;awG acwfpm;aeawmh? t[dxJrSm &kyfjy
Zmwfvrf;awGxnfhNyD; apmifa&wufatmif olvkyfr,fqdkawmh uRefawmfhpdwfxJ ight[dvJ
r&yf&bl;? igvJ wv 300d &r,fqdkawmh? oabmwlvdkufoaygh/
uRefawmf[m t[d&JUaemufqkH;olcdk;av;udk b,favmufrsm; oHa,mZOf&Sdvdkufyg
ovJqdkawmh udkcifarmifeJU okH;ESpfpmcsKyfvkyf&mrSm? uRefawmfhwynfhudk t[dvkyfom;
tjzpfeJU wvudk 120du pay;? aemuf tajctaeaumif;&if wdk;ay;ygr,fqkdwmvJ
ygao;/
odkUaomf udkcifarmifESifhuRefawmfpmcsKyf aycsKyfvkyfaeMuwmu pufwifbmv
pwkw¬oDwif;ywfxJrSm qdkawmh uRefawmf aemufqkH;xkwfwJU t[dpmtkyfzdk;awGudk
wynfhtvdrfrmav;u avQmufawmif;aeNyD/ olUemrnfu armifvdrfrmwJUcifAsm/ odkUaomf
olvdrfykH rmvGefvGef;vdkU tvdrfrmvdkU uRefawmfa&;w,f/ b,favmuf vdrfrm ovJqdk&if
pmtkyfzdk;awG avQmufawmif;wm tukef&&ufom;eJU wcsKdUw0ufom&ao; w,f?
b,fqdkifrSm b,favmufvdkU uRefawmfhudk pm&if;ay;w,f/ 'Dva&mif;rukefwJU
pmtkyfawGudkvJ vGpövrf;&SdwJU udkcifarmifhtvkyfcef;rSm vmxm;yg? ta[mif;aps;rcseJU
tkH;? udkcifarmifaemufxkwfr,fh t[dukdvJ vmxdcdkufr,fvdkU uRefawmfu wm;jrpfao;
w,f? pmtkyfwaxmifavmuf&Sdr,f/
'geJU atmufwkdbmvqef;rSm udkcifarmifxnfhoGif;r,fh pmrleJUumwGef;Zmwfvrf; awG
Munfh&Ippfaq;bdkU uRefawmf udkcifarmiftvkyfcef; a&mufoGm;awmh [,faomuf usKd;eJ?
t[dpmtkyfxkyfawG r&Sdawmhbl;/ udkcifarmifhar;Munfhawmh ]]q&mhwynfhbJ q&m
,lcdkif;w,fqdkNyD; ,loGm;yga&mvm;}} qdkawmh uRefawmfrsufvkH;jyL;NyD/ 'geJU ta[mif;0,f
wJUqdkifoGm;Munfhawmh awGUa&m/ wtkyfjym; 20eJU aiGtajywcgwnf;ay;vdkufygNyDwJU/
'Dawmh 'Daumifav; uRefawmfr,kHouFm&SdvmvdkU olpmtkyfzdk;usefw,fvdkU pm&if;
ay;xm;wJUqdkifawG vdkufar;awmh? atmifr,fav;Asm...wcgwnf; tajyay;vdkufwJU
taMumif;? pm&if;pmtkyfawGxkwfjyvdkU uRefawmfhrSm t&SufuGJcJU&/ [if;..jzpfvdkufwJU
a'go? avmurawmh ajymrjycsifavmufatmifbJ/
'geJU aemufwaeUreufapmapm 0if;armifeJU a&Twnf&efaemifac:NyD; 'if;tdrfvdkuf
oGm;awmh? atmifr,folu rsufESmajymifajymifbJ/ olUtrSm;udk 0efcHygowJU? aiGawmh
wjym;rS ay;p&mr&Sdawmhbl;? q&mBudKufovdk qkH;rygwJU/ vnfpif;ay;w,f/
[Gef;...vufoecHvdkU/
uRefawmfwcGef;rSrajymawmhbl; ]xGD;}olUrsufESmudk wHawG;eJU wcsufxJaxG;ypfcJUNyD;
ausmcdkif;cJUawmhw,f/
uRefawmfu ol udkcifarmifhqDrSm qufNyD;tvkyf&bdkU pDpOfaewkef; olu t[dudk
tjywfxGufcwfcwfoGm;wmudk;/ yufpufwJUaumifES,f/
uRefawmfaemufawmh ezl;ay:vufwif pOf;pm;w,f/
yxrOD;qkH; wynfhaiGarmif;? 'kwd, usKdufvwfrdk;jrifh? wwd, atmif(vQyfppf) pwkw¬
armifva&mif/ olwkdU[m pma&;q&mawG? pmaypdwf"mwf &SdMuw,f/ aMu;eDwjym;
trSm;rvkyfMubl;/ yOöreJU qXrolcdk;ESpfaumifuawmh xrif;pm;p&mr&SdvdkU t[dudk
0ifuyfMuwJU taumifawGbJ/ pmayeJU pma&;q&mpdwfxm;udk em;rvnfMubl;/
aMomf..t[dudk apwemh0efxrf; tNrJwrf;ulnDaewJU vlwa,mufusefaew,f/
a&Twnf&efaemifbJ/ atmif (vQyfppf)aow,f? armifva&mif ra&mufrDolbJ/
armifva&mif xGufoGm;w,f? yxrolcdk;ra&mufrD olbJ? yxrolckd;vpfoGm;w,f? 'kwd,
olcdk;ra&mufrD a&Twnf&efaemifbJ/ oluRefawmfhqDu vcwjym;rSr,lbl;/ ol,lwmu
uRefawmfhqDuynmbJ/ tck t[dr&Sdawmhbl;aemf? a&Twnf&efaemifrSm ]&,fp&m}qdkwJU
[mopmapmif? t[deJUykHwlbJ? t&ifu t[du a&;abmfawGeJU ,ckwdkif xkwfaeqJbJ/
a&GTwnf&efatmif[m vlvnf vlawmfwa,mufzJ/ ighwynfh pm;omygapuG,f/
t[ded*kH;
ukdcifarmifESifh uRefawmf\t[dtwGuf okH;ESpfpmcsKyfrSm t[dudk uRefawmf&dkufae onfh
jynfa&TbdkykHESdyfwdkufu a<u; 1200dukd ppcsif; udkcifarmifuay;? ¤if;udk udkcifarmif u
uRefawmfhudk wv 300d ay;onfhtxJrS vpOf 100dpD ESdrfoGm;/
xdkUaMumifh &kyfjyZmwfvrf;rsm;ESifh udkcifarmifxkwfaom t[drSm 1971ck? Edk0ifbmvrS
pvdkuf&m 1972 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif oufqdkif&mu umwGef;ESifh &kyfjyZmwfvrf; pmtkyfawG
ydwfxmxJrSm t[dygoGm;avownf;/
uRefawmf 0rf;omvdkufwmav/.
tvum; wv 300d &aewmBuD;rsm; ydwfvdkufwm bmaMumifh 0rf;om&ovJ
ar;csifMurnf/ udkcifarmifpDpOfxkwfaewJU t[dukd uRefawmf vpOfawGUae&wmu
uRefawmfhrSm aiG 300d &wmeJU rumrdatmif cHpm;rI? 0rf;enf;rIawGu jzpfaeygw,f/ rlv
t[d&JU &nf&G,fcsufr[kwfwJU pmrlawG? Zmwfvrf;awG a&mif;aumif;atmif&,fvdkU
xnfhaewmudk okH;ESpfpmcsKyfBuD;eJUrdkU uRefawmf Munfhae&wm &ifemvSoAsm/ udk,fu
arG;xm;wJU udk,hf&ifaoG;udk olrsm;u,loGm;NyD;awmh udk,frBudKufwJU trltusifhawG
vkyfcdkif;aewmeJU wlaeoudk;As/
'gaMumifh uRefawmfht[d ydwfvdkufwmudk uRefawmf 0rf;omwmbJ/
odkUaomf wcgwcgusawmh uRefawmfht[d vGrf;w,fAsm/ uRefawmfhwynfhawGudk
owd&w,f/ jrefrmjynf t&yf&yfu t[dwynfhawG tckawmh uRefawmfeJU pmtquf
toG,fjywfcJUMuNyD/
1957 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv &Ir0&kyfpkHr*¾Zif;xJu pNyD; t[dudk uRefawmfysKd;axmifcJU wm
1971-ckESpf? pufwifbmvxkwf t[dtxd wynfhuavmifopfaygif; 100 ausmfcJU
ygw,f/ onftxJrSm wcsKdUvJ cPwjzKwf? wESpfwefonf? ESpfESpfwefonfavmufzJ
a&;NyD; &yfoGm;Muygw,f/ wcsKdUvJ tcktxd t"gefU&SnfpGm r*¾Zif;BuD;awGrSm a&;aeMuyg
w,f/
uJ...'Dae&muaeNyD; wynfhwdkU&JU t[dq&mu t[drSma&;cJUbl;wJU uavmif&Sif tm;vkH;udk
EIwfqufvdkufygw,f cifAsm;/
pmzwfoltm;vkH;wdkU usef;rm&Tifvef;Muygap..../
aomfwmaqG
usGefawmfhom;ausmfausmf
vufxyfNyD;pD;jcif;
&efukefNrdkU trSwf 128 ? atmufMunfhjcif;wdkifvrf;ae OD;apm0Dqifodef;? a':arpD ( 'k
vufaxmuf taumufcGef rif;BuD;) wdkU\ orD; r0if;0if;odef; (y ESpf? owåaA')ESifh
&efukefNrdkU trSwf 17 rtlyifvrf;ae pma&; q&mBuD; OD;aomfwmaqG? a':aemfrmwdkU\
om; ausmfausmf? (Mu,fig;yGifh oabFmaumfydka&;&Sif;) wdkUonf ESpfOD; oabmwl (25 ? 5
?76) aeUwGif ½Hk;awmfü vufxyfNyD;pD;aMumif;/
(yHk) 0if;0if;odef; ( FLORENCE )
ausmfausmf ( GEORGE )
txufygaMumfjimonf ( 27-5-76 )aeh aMu;rHkowif;pmwGifygvm jcif;jzpfygonf/
þaMumfjimü pmtxm;todkonf uRefawmfwdkU jrefrm"avhESifh rnfonfh tcsufwGif
qefUusifaeygoenf;/
,if;tcsdefrSmyif uRefawmfwdkU\ Zmwdaus;&GmrS uRefawmfhtpfrtBuD;qHk;
a':odef;armifESifh nDrti,fqHk; csdKcsKdonf uRefawmfhtdrfwGif a&mufaeMuonf jzpfí
'DaMumfjimzwfNyD; olwdkUrausreyfjzpfMu\/
]usifarmif&,f.... eifhom;[m EGm;usvSacsvm;}[k tru uRefawmfhtm;ajymí nDru
]&Sufp&mygawmf? ppcsif; udk,fhbufu atmufusaemufus}
uRefawmfrSm ½kwfw&uf em;rvnfrlí....
][Jh....eifwdkUbmawG ajymaeMuwmwkef;}
EIwfoGufaom nDri,fu owif;pmaMumfjimudkvufñId;ESifhaxmufjyí....
]pma&;q&mBuD;&,f.... udk,fhom; aMumfjimpmrsm; aoaocsmcsm zwfrMunfh bl;vm;
xHk;pHa,musfm;av; bufu rdbeJUemrnfae&yfawG tay:a&mufaeoawmh]
onfawmhrS olwdkUbmqdkvdkMuoenf;? uRefawmf oabmaygufum...
]atmf....eifwdkUu 'gajymMuwmvm;? tJ'g t*FvdyfyHkpHuG}
]rpyf....r[yf...ig;ywf[if;csKdcwfvdkUawmf? {uEå tudkBuD;om;[m r,m;aMumuf&
awmhrSmbJ}
]bmqdkifvdkUwkef;[}
]Munfhygvm;...tckxJu udk,fhemrnfu a,musfm;wefrJh rdef;rçemrnfatmuf
a&mufaewmbJ}
][m....'Dvdkqdk t*FvdyfvlrsKd;awGtm;vHk; r,m;aMumuf jzpfukefMua&maygh }
]olwdkUvlrsKd; b,fvdkaeaeav udk,fhwludk,fhom; r,m;aMumufawmh rjzpfapcsifbl;}
]r,m;aMumufwmvnf; raumif;ygbl;? r,m;Edkifwmvnf; raumif;ygbl;uGm?
raMumufrEdkif wa,muf wa,muf cspfcifav;pm;rINydKifaewm taumif;qHk;yg }
]'geJU aeygtHk;tudkBuD;&JU? rdef;uav; tazemrnfu OD;apm0Dvfqifodef;qdkawmh
bmvlrsKd;vJ}
]u&ifuG....u&if? c&pf,efawG}
csKdcsKdonf &,farmum.....
][...[...'dkU trsKd;uawmh [efNyDa[h? tudkBuD; tckrdef;r aru ½Srf;c&pf,ef? om;rdef;ru
u&if c&pf,ef? udkat;rdef;ru w½kwfc&pf,ef}
[kwfvJ[kwfygbd? uRefawmfhnD udkat;rdef;ruvJ c&pfrSw½kwftrsKd;orD;? xdkUaMumifh
uRefawmfuacsmfvJ a&mxdkif.....
]aumif;wmayghuGm? trsKd; bmom pnf;½Hk;cspfMunfa&;aygh }
]'gjzifh trsKd; bmomawG pHkoGm;atmif aomfwmaqGusawmh ukvm;r ,lcdkif;aygh }
ajymvnf; ajymp&mygay/
uRefawmfwdkUwGif nDtudkarmifESrig;a,muf ½SfMuonfhteuf om;uESpfa,muf?
onfom;ESpfa,mufpvHk; ,lvdkufMuonfh rdef;rawGu cke csKdcsKdajymonfh twdkif;yif
c&pf,efrawG/
]uJ....rif;rdef;rawG bmjzpfaeae igawmh ighajr;awG ½SifjyKoGm;csifouGm} qdkojzifh 1959
ckESpf aEG&moDu ½G,fwlawGjzpfMuaom uRefawmhf r,m;ygom; ESpfa,mufa&m?
udk,fydkifom; ESpfa,mufa&m? aygif;av;a,muf? tazh qDydkUí ½SifjyKapvdkufyg\/
taztawmf auseyfoGm;\/ OD;cifarmifvwfESifh trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfwdkUuvnf; tvSLaiG
100d yg0ifvdkufao;\/
onftcsdefu ,ckrdef;r,lonfqdkaom ausmfausmfu 12 ESpf/
uRefawmfhwGif ,ciftdrfaxmifaemfrmESifh om;orD;ig;a,mufaygufzGm;cJhonf/
tBuD;qHk;eHywf (1) 'ify,fvfaqG/
(2) ausmfausmf/
(3) aomfaomf/
(4) armfarmf/
(5) arb,fvf/
þom;orD;ig;a,mufudk uRefawmf\b0ESifh uwåm;cGJjy&vQif 'ify,fvfaqGonf
*syefacwf 1944 ckESpfü arG;cJhí jrif;vSnf;orm;\orD;? ausmfausmfonf uufbDacwf
1947 ck? ESpfOD;ydkif;ü arG;cJhí qefukefonf\om;? usef oHk;a,mufuawmh
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;rS arG;zGm;Muaom pma&;q&m\ om;orD;rsm;omjzpf\/
odkUaomf uRefawmfonf tvkyftudkiftavsmuf b,fb0bJ a&mufaeae pma&;q&m
pdwfawmh tNrJ ½Sdae\/ ausmfausmfarG;pOfu uRefawmf&efukefür&Sd/ uomNrdKUwGif
ukef½SHL;a<u;usefjzifh tjcm;rdef;r (qefqHkpm; uHukefoGm; 0w¦xJurol) ESifh
,m,Dtdrfaxmifusae\/ EdkUr[kwfvQif aemufwa,mufxyf&rSmukd aMumufvSygbd/
wu,fajymwmyg/
[pfwvHk; jzpfay:vmjcif;
,if;odkU uRefawmfuomü&SdaepOf 'kwd,uav; om;a,musdm;av;arG;aMumif; pm&awmh
om;OD;rdef;uav; arG;NyD; om;a,musfm;av; wrf;waeaom rdbwdkU"r®wm 0rf;omvS\/
xdkUjyif pmxJrSmuav;onf usef;rmoefpGrf;ítmaygiftm&if;oefoefESifh
idkoHuvnf;vnfacsmif;xJavmuf pyDumxnfhovm;xif&atmif us,favmifvSaMumif;?
zatwlí tom;jzLjzLESifh acsmarmvSyaMumif;? ponfrsm; ygvmawmh
uRefawmfom;Munfh&ef tjrefjyefcsifvSNyD/ odkUaomftajctaeu jyefcGifhr&ao;awmh
udk,fhom;udkpdwful;ESifh a&mf&rf;wrf;wum pma&;q&mavsmif;vsmyDyD Zmwfvrf;wyk'f
tBuHOmPfxkwfvdkufav\/
xdkpOfrSm aemfrmwdkUom;trdawGonf uRefawmfwdkU½Gm uRefawmfhzciftdrfü a&mufaeonf
jzpfaomaMumifh Zmwfvrf;onf aus;½GmaemufcH jzpfoGm;\/ Zmwfvdkufuwufyk?
om;[pfwvHk;? ratu raemf? ½Ir0wGifuRefawmf\ wwd, ajrmufjzpfaom 0w¦K
]jzLjymrlvusD} xGufay:vmcJhav\/
[pfwvHk;udk vlBudkufrsm;vmojzifh wifhw,f\wdkufwGef;csuft& aemufxyf
pdwful;vdkufav&m ]csKdcsKd½IdUcsifvdkU} ]OD;BuD;rl} ]Muuform;[pfwvHk;} ]bGaEåmMuufolcdk;}
vHk;csif;0w¦K&Snf (½kyf&Sif½dkufNyD;) wdkUudk a&;jzpfcJhyg\/
þ0w¦Krsm;wGif [pfwvHk;onf uav;qdk;av;jzpfonf/ rdbudkvnf;raMumuf?
olxif&mjrif&m avQmufvkyf wwfonf/ wckckudk r&raeylqmwwfonf/
tif; ZAÁL'Dy edrdwåwJh? [kwfvdrfhrvm;uG,f½dkU/ [pfwvHk;tm; tajccH jzpfay:vmapaom
uRefawmfhom; ausmfausmfvnf;raumif;yg/
rdbpum;udk em;raxmifbl;? tifrwef ayw,f? aww,f? q,fausmfouf uav;ESifh
t&ufaomufw,f? zJ½dkufw,fAs ? q&maZ,som; udkudkBuD;eJU? owdkU oufwl½G,fwl
awazmfawbuf/
pma&;q&mrsm; jzpfMuwJh rdbawGu vufrIdifcs&wJh om;awGyg cifAsm/ t&yfxJu wkdifpm
awmpm vmvdkuf ,if 'Dpma&;q&mom;ESpfa,muf wGJ&ufyJ/ 'geJUwaeUoüawmh
q&maZ,sESifh pum;oifhí....
]q&ma&U..... om;orD; raumif; rdbacgif; qdkawmh uRefawmfwdkUredyfaxmhbl;Asm} qdkawmh
q&maZ,su olUavoH at;at;ESifh.....
]EdkU...usKyfwdkUuaum aumif;cJhvdkUvm;Asm } wJh/
tJonfESpfaumifpvHk; pmoifír&acs/
uRefawmfh om;orD;rsm;xJwGif ausmfausmfonf ynmtñHhqHk;/ ,ckMunfhyg/
'ify,fvfaqGu aq;ausmif; trSwf(1)wGif t*Fvdyfpmjy q&mr/ aomfaomfu
q&m0efavmif; aemufqHk;ESpf/ armfarmfubJGU&NyD;/ arb,fvfu bJGU,l&efaemufqHk;ESpf/
ausmfausmfum; ,ck rdef;r&onfhwdkif 9 wef;rQratmifacswum;/
i,fpOfu olwdkU rtlyifvrf;ESifh eD;aom r[mNrdkifvrf;½Sd pdefzdvdkrdempfrSm aecJhonf/
xdkausmif;urdef;uav; ausmif;jzpfí a,musfm;av;u 4 wef;atmifxdom aeEdkifojzifh
ausmfausmf 5 wef;rSm &efukefta½SUydkif;u pdefaygvf ausmif;odkU ajymif;ydkU&onf/
]ausmfausmfonf i,fi,fawmh awmfom;/ aemufawmh BuD;vmav
qdk;vmavjzpfaomaMumihf 6 wef; 7 wef;a&muf? vlrsKdayguf jzpfvmonfü rtlyifvrf;
tdrfrSmbJ ac:xm;ayawmh}[k taMumif;Mum;vmav ojzifh uRefawmfhtdrfac:
vdkuf&awmhonf/
taygif;toif;vJ ajymif;oGm;pdrfhaomiSm ausmif;udkvJ ajymif;vdkuf&onf/
jynfvrf;toHvTifh½kHteD;u ynma&;wuúodkvf avhusifha&;ausmif;(,cifwDwDpD)/
uRefawmfh 6 rdkiftdrfESifhvnf;eD;\/
tdrfrarhom;rsm;vnf; þausmif;wGifyif jzpfaomaMumifh ausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyef
oHk;a,mufom; NrdkifoGm;onf/
þoHk;aumifteuf ti,fqHk;cifarmifpdk;uom wESpfwwef;rSefrSefatmifvsuf?
[dkESpfaumifu wzkwfzkwfus \/ armifausmfausmfum; 9 wef;rSm olUynm
oufwrf;ukefavonf/
xdkpOfu 9 wef;onf tpdk;&ppfjzpf&m ausmfausmf 9 wef;rSm ESpfcgusNyD;aomtcg
xdkausmif;rSm qufrae&awmh/ odkUaomf rdbtaeESifh tm;ravsmhao;/
nausmif;qufwufap\/
'gESifh 9 wef;udk wwd,tBudrf ajz&jyef&m? odkUaomf ratmifjyefacs/
]uJuGm.... ausmif;raqG;ao;ygbl;... quftHk;}
þpwkw¦ajrmuf ESpfwGifum;.... usKyfom;b,favmufawmfygoenf;/ pmar;yGJyif
ajzcGifhr&awmhacs/ taMumif;rSm ausmif;wuf&uf rjynfhí...wJh/ uJ udpöjywfua&m?
pifppf oluOmPfxdkif;í ½SHL;wmrSr[kwfbJ? i,fpOfu twef;xJrSm a½SUydkif;eHywfawG
csdwfcJhom;bJ/ aemufBuD;vmNyD; vlysKdayguf jzpfawmhrS pdwfavNyD; ausmif;aecsifpdwf?
pmoifcsifpdwf ukefcrf; oGm;aomaMumifhwnf;/
uJ.... ynmroifcsifbl;qdkawmh nmPt&mrSm redyfí ayghcifAsm/ uJ... onfawmh
um,bufaum wJhAsm/
olwdkU vlysKdayguf nDtudkav;a,muftm; olrsm;apmfum;jcif; rcH&pdrfhaomiSm? aEG&moD
ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm; ü tcaMu;aiGay;í u&maw;ynmudk oifapygonf/ ausmif;oGm;?
q&mhxHenf;cHNyD;? þynmu tdrfrSmtrsm;BuD; avhusihf&onf/ awmfawmfvJ
cufcJygonf/ ZGJowådvJ½Sd&rnf? 0goemvJyg&rnf/ ESpfESifhcsDí BudK;pm;avhusifh&onf/
tom;vJ temcHEdkif&onf/ tkwfcJudk xufydkif;usKd;atmif vuf0g;apmif; ckwfEdkif&onf/
[if;.... armifausmfausmfwdkUu 'grsKd;b,f&rnfenf;/ usef om;oHk;a,mufu cg;ywf0g ?
cg;ywfjymawG&onfhwdkif ESpfESpfoHk;ESpf Budk;pm;vdkufMuonf? armifausmfausmf uawmh
oDwif;ESpfywf oHk;yfrQESifh &yfoGm;onf/
uRefawmfu ][Jh... ausmfausmf... rif;bmvdkU qufrvkyfawmhwmvJ...} [k ar;awmh/
][m... 'g'g&,f... vlvJyifyef;w,f? tom;vJemw,f....}
]at;ayghuGm.. 'DvdkrSvJ 'DynmwwfrSmaygh...}
]'Dynmwwfawmhaum bmvkyfrSmvJ 'g'g&,f...}
][... olrsm;tapmfum;rcH&bl;ayghuG? vlcsif;,SOfvdkuf,if udk,fu atmufrusbl;ayghuG?
uJ... rif;tck [kd aumifoHk;aumifeJU wa,mufcsif; cs&Jyghrvm;....}
]bmvkyf rcs&J&rSmvJ 'g'g&,f? olwdkUu&maw;ynmawG b,favmuf wwfaeae...
uRefawmhfudk *Gav; wacsmif;om ay;prf;yg... }
]atmifrav; awmfvdkufav ighom;&,f } [k uRefawmhfpdwfrS csD;rGrf;vdkuf&yg\/
uRefawmhfom; ausmfausmfom; þuJhodkU vlpm;ygwnf;/
um,bufua&m OmPbufua&m bmynmrS oifvdkUr&bl;/ tJonfawmh
tusifhp&dwåuaum aumif;owJhvm;qdkawmh? q,fausmfouf uav;eJU
t&ufaomufw,f/ zJ½dkufw,f/
olUb0vrf;aMumif;
ausmfausmfonf ausmif;vnf;rae? aeUrSm avQmufvnfcsif&mvnf? nvnf; tdrfjyef
tdyfcsifrStdyf\/ onfvdkaeawmh xdkpOfrSm uRefawmhf vpOf t[du xkwfaeqJrdkU olUtm;
pmtkyfudpörSm ulnDapygonf/ vpOfjzefUcsDa&;? aiGodrf;a&;/
twdtusawmh uRefawmfrrSwfrdawmh/ 1968-ck 69 ckESpfavmufuxifonf/ wckaom
t*Fvdyf vqef; &ufukefydkif;ü....
]uJ... ausmfausmfa&...'DaeUpmtkyfqdkifawGUu aiGodrf;cJhawmh} [k qdkifawGrS pmtkyfvufcH
abmifcsmawGay;í vTwfvdkufonf/
xdkn jyefrvm/
aemufaeUvJ rvm/
aemufaeUvJ rvm/
tJ... oHk;&ufMumawmh tdrfuom;ESpfa,mufudk olUt½SmvTwf&w,f/
]rawGU awGUatmif½Sm? r& &atmifac:cJhMuodvm;....}
][kwfuJh... 'uf'D...}
nDtudk ESpfa,mufom; xGufoGm;Mu/ tjyefawmh rtlyifvrf;u aomfaomfygcJhí
oHk;aomufom; w&m;cHudk ñSyfyl;ñSyfydwf ac:cJh&oudk;/
tdrfay:a&muf olUudk uRefawmfhpma&; pmyGJrSmxdkifapNyD;....
]uJ.... ausmfausmf pmtkyfzdk;awG &cJhyvm;....}
]&cJhw,f....}
]'gjzifh b,frvJ...}
]uRefawmfoHk;jzpfvdkUukefNyD}
pm;yGJay:½Sd aywHudk,lí olUausmudkoHk;av;csuf½dkufypfvdkufonf/uRefawmfonf
om;orD;udk tifrwef ½dkufcJhbdjcif;? tdk....r½dkufqdk 'Dom;udk 'DwcgbJ ½dkufzl;ygw,d/
onfhtjyif om;orD;awGvJ wcgrSr½dkufcJhzl;ygbl;/
tckawmh olUvkyfyHk? Munfhprf;/ aiGig;&mausmf ajcmuf&mavmufBuD;? vpOft[d
vnfywfae&wJh aiG&if;/ arhvufaumufESpfuGif; aygifvdkuf&awmhw,f cifAsm/
trBuD;cidrsKd;cspfwdkU ay;xm;wJh EGm;0,fzdkU aiG 800d &wkef;u 0,fxm;wmvm;/
vlUb0um; olrsm;xm;&mrSmrae? udk,fhvrf;udk,fom &SmazGí oGm;Muonf/ (0g
)wenf;um; bmoma&; pum;ajym&aomf udk,fhuHMur®mu udk,fhudk zefwD;oGm;onf/
txufyg udpöaMumifh ausmfausmfhudk ESifhrcsyg/ uRefawmfu pdwfjrefvufjrefrdkU aywHESifh
oHk;av;csuf½dkufvkduf rdonfudkyif pdwfat;oGm;awmh pdwfraumif; jzpfoGm;&ygonf/
wu,fqdk 'Daumifudk usaemfowdxm;zdkU aumif;onf/ olzJ ½dkufwwfonf r[kwfvm;/
*smrPDjynfu uRefawmf0,fcJhí nDtudkawG wa,mufwvHk;pD ay;wJhem&D?
olUqDrSmwvavmufbJ awGU&onf/ aemufrSjrifawmhí ar;awmhpufysufvdkU
jyifqdkiftyfxm;&w,fqdkNyD;? onfhaemuf vHk;0 aysmufoGm;awmh\/
tJ'gudk pOf;pm;zdkU aumif;&ufom;eJU? olUtm;aiGodrf;cdkif;onfrSm uRefawmhf trSm;bJ[k
udk,fhudk,fudkom tjypfwifí? 'Dom;rdkufav;tm; uRefawmf
bmrQaemufxyfajymqdkjypfwifjcif; rjykawmhyg/ odkUaomf vlwdkUrnfonf trSm;wckudk
jykNyD;aemuf aemifw&NrJwnf;/
ausmfausmfonf nDtudkawGudkvnf; ½Sufygvdrfhrnf/ tdrfrSm twlqufae&ef olUvdyfjym
roefUawmh[ef wlygonf/ rMumrD uRefawmhf tdrfrS xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/
rtlyifvrf;tdrfudk jyefaeonf/ xdktdrfudk olUOD;av; (aemfrm\ armifti,fqHk;)
*s,f*s,f&Sdonf/ *s,f*s,fu Mu,fig;yGifh oabmFbufrSm tif*sifeD,m/
vtenf;i,fMumaomf ausmfausmf oabmFom; jzpfoGm;NyD[k Mum;&onf/
yxrOD;qHk;tacguf olEdkifiHjcm;rS jyefa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmhftdrfvmyHk rsufESmyef;
vSygbdonf/ zatBuD;twGuf 0DpuDESifh bD,mESifh ig;oHk;vHk; pD;u&ufawGESifh?
ratBuD;twGuf rdef;r0wf tuFsDawGESifh olUnDtudkrsm; twGuf abmif;bDawG?
*smuifawGESifh/
onfvdbJ olEdkifiHjcm;rS jyefvmwdkif; jyefvmwdkif; rdbom;csif;rsm;twGuf
EdkifiHjcm;ypönf;rsm; ,lvmay&m? ,ck uRefawmf0wfae&aom *smuifESifh ½SyftuFsDrsm;rSm
'Dom;aus;Zl;ygbJ/ ausmfausmfonf pmroifcsif ausmif;rae csifaomfvnf; ratESifh
eD;pyfwmav; wckawmh½Sd\/ uAsmpmay0goem ygw,fcifAsmh/ t[dxkwfpOfu
ola&;wmav; awG uRefawmfoHk;bl;ygw,d/ 'gaMumihfajym&\/
]ighom;.... rif;oabFmom; b0uaeNyD; pma&;q&mjzpfatmif Budk;pm;prf;yguGm?
igomrif;vdk urÇmvSnfh&wJh oabFmom; jzpfcJhr,fqdk&if? *sufvef'efwdkUudkwJh
urÇmUpma&;q&m jzpfEdkifwmayghuGm? 'Dawmh zatrjzpfEdkifwm om;jzpfatmif
vkyfprf;yguGm....}
atmf.... udk,fhqE´av....
odkUaomf 'Daumif cktxdawmh pmwvHk; aywaygufrS xGufrvmao;/ oabFmESifh
xGufoGm;vdkuf? jyefvm vdkufESifh ckacwfoabFmom;awG NzdK;Muonfhtwdkif;
oHk;pm;aysmfyg;awwkef; aywkef;bJ ½Sdae&mrS? vGefcJhaomarv wwd,
owif;ywfavmufu 'ify,fvfqDu w,fvDzef;vm\/
]'g'g.... ausmfausmf 'g'ghtdrf rvmbl;vm;}
EdkifiHjcm; oabFmvkduf&ef jrefrmhMu,fig;yGifh oabFmrlqif;aeawmh awmfawmfMumNyD[k
Mum;&onf/
]a[h at... olightdrfrvmwm b,fESpfv ½SfNyDvJawmif 'g'g rodawmhygbl;uGm?
bmjzpvdkUvJ}
]ausmfausmf rfef;rcdk;oGm;w,f...}
]tr,f.... ighom;vJ BudkufwJhol½Sdoudk;? b,folUorD;vJ}
]OD;0Dvfqifodef;orD;? c&pfprwfwkef;uawmif y,fy,fwdkUeJUtwl 'g'ghtdrf
ygvmcJhao;w,fav...}
]tif;... acsmom;bJuGm? [efuswmaygh}
]'g'gu [efusae [dkbufu oabmrwl&if b,fhES,fhvkyfrvJ...}
]bmjzpfvkdU oabmrwl&rSmvnf;...}
]olwdkUbufu odyfcsrf;omwm}
]wdkufeJUum;eJUvm;}
]oabFmawmif½Sdw,f}
][dkuf... w,fedyfygvm;/ 'DFvdkqdk ighom;ola|;oruf jzpf&awmhrSmaygh }
]jzpf&ifawmh aumif;wmaygh 'g'gawmfMumoabmrwlbJ cGJjykaerS....}
]atmifr,fav;.... udk,fhbufu t½IH;r&Sdygbl;uGm? orD;bmrS awG;ylraeeJUa[h? tck
ausmfausmfwdkU b,frSm vJ....}
]rodbl;..... 'gaMumifh 'g'ghtdrfrsm; vmaeovm;vdkUar;wm...}
]rvmbl;uGm? EdkU... ausmfausmfoGm;aewwfwJh vrf; 40 utdrfaum ar;NyD;yvm;....}
]aomfaomf a&mufNyD;NyD;? rodbl;vdkU ajymw,fwJh? trSefuawmh olwdkUodyHkbJwJh....}
]at;uGm... tcsdefwefawmh eydefuefvdrfhraygh }
xdkrSpNyD;? arv 27 &ufaeU? aMu;rHkowif;pmü? þpmtpü azmfjycJhaom
vufxufNyD;pD;jcif;aMumfjim ygvm cJhav\/
udk,fhom;orD; nm;NyD;aecgrS oabmrwlygbl;? twif;cGJr,f? odkUr[kwf
wouftjywfbJ pGefUvTwfw,f qdkaom rdbwdkUonf ESpfzufpvHk;udk pdwfqid;&J&atmif
vkyfMujcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkUrQvnf; tusKd;tjrwfr&Sf/ aemufwaeUüawmh aemifweJU
pdwfaomu a&mufwwfMuonf/ þtaMumif;udk uRefawmfonf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif
]umvESifh rme } [l í 0w¦Kwyk'f a&;cJhbl;NyD/
,ck uRefawmfhom; ausmfausmf awGUBuHk&aom rdbwdkUum; rnfodkUvmrnfenf;..../
uRefawmf apmifhfMunfh aeonf/
tif;.... tifrwef awmfMuygayonf/ olwdkUvufxyfNyD;pD;jcif; aMumfjimygNyD;
wywftwGif;rSmyif y,fy,f uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmonf/ y,fy,fu OD;0Dvfqifodef;
orD;rsm;\ usL½Sifq&mr jzpfonf/ olwdkUtdrfom;csif; &if;ESD;Muonf/
y,fy,f rsufESmrSm &TifMunfvdkU/
][efusNyD 'g'ga&....? [kdbufu oabmwlw,f? r*Fvmp&dwf tm;vHk;
tukeftuscHr,fwJh}
]tJonfvdkrSaygh/ iguawmh cktcsdefrSm wjym;rS rwwfEdkifbl;a[h? 'dkUpma&;q&mawG
puúLr&vdkU pmtkyfrxkwf &wm 6 v &SdNyDy[? &SdcJhwmav;awG aygifpm;ae&w,d }
]rvdkygbl; 'g'g&,f? olwdkUbufu ola|;bJ[m? tJ'g ZGefv 12 &ufaeUrS
vufxyfay;r,f? 26 &ufaeUrSm 0uf'if&Dqufy&Sif vkyfr,fwJh? 'DawmhzdwfpmrSm
'g'ghemrnfudk b,fvdkxnfh&rvJwJh? pma&;q&m emrnfxnfh&rvm;? vlemrnf
xnfh&rvm;? OD;0Dvfqifodef;u ar;cdkif;vdkfufvdkU orD; 'Dvmwm}
]atmifr,fav;.... BudkufwJhemrnfxnfh? ESpfckpvHk;xnfhcsifvJ xnfhvdkUajymvdkuf }
]EdkUNyD;awmh 'g'gbufu zdwfzdkUzdwfpm b,favmuf,lrvJwJh}
uJ.... tJ'gusawmh tajz&MuyfNyD/ uRefawmfhbufu rdwfaqGo*F[awG Munfhvdkufawmh
t&if;tESD; olawGudkajym&rnfqdkvQif? udkvwfeJU trBuD;cifrsKd;cspf? pma&;q&mxifvif;?
½Ir0tdrfaxmifpk ponfjzifh pmaytkyfpk? odkUaomf OD;ausmf&SdpOfubJ armifaqGwifhwdkU
jrifhjrifhoef;wdkU armifESrawG tdrfaxmifusMuonf/ olwdkUr*Fvm
aqmifvdkufMuonfudkyif uRefawmfrod/ OD;ausmfajr; csDaeonfudkawGU&rS ]'gb,folu
arG;wmwkef;} [k ar;,l&\/
trBuD;cifrsKd;cspfeJU xifvif;vJ xdkenf;vnf;aumif;bJ/ olwdkUom;orD;rsm;
tdrfaxmifjykMuonfukd uRefawmfh tm;a&;BuD;cGifus,fvkyfí zdwfraeMu/ uRefawmfhrSmvJ
ajr;ESpf,SOf;eJUav/ om;ESpfaumif tdrfaxmifuswkef;uvJ.... uRefawmfhbufu
rnfolUudkrQ todray;cJhay/ 'g[mwOD;eJUwOD; ta&;rxm;vdkU r[kwfbl;/
'Dvdkom;orD;udpörSm rdwfaqGo*F[awGufk 'ku©ray;csifwJh oabmbJ? zdwfo[Jhqdk&if
oGm;&awmhr,f/ vufzGJU&awmhr,f/ 'D'PfawGudk rcHcsifapavmufatmif wOD;udkwOD;
cspfcifoufñSmMuvdkUygbJ/
'gaMumifhorD;tm; ½Sif;½Sif;bJ ajymvdkuf&awmhonf/
]'g'g.... zdwfpmwckrS rvdkcsifygbl;}
'ify,fvf rsufvHk;0dkif;oGm;um....
][if.... 'gbmjzpfvdkUvJ 'g'g }
]'g'ghbufu b,folrS rzdwfcsifygbl;uGm? tcsif;csif;awG 'ku©ray;csifbl;}
y,fy,fu acwåawGa0aeNyD;rS.....
]owdk;om; tazbufu zdwfpmwckrS r,lbl;qdkawmhvJ raumif;ygbl; 'g'g&,f }
tif;... 'DvdkawmhvJ... [kwfayom; xdkUaMumifh....
]uJ....uJ.... toifhtwifhawmh ,lcJhavuGm? av;ig;q,fckavmuf }
]'g'gu emrnfausmf pma&;q&mBuD;qdkawmh zdwfpmawmfawmfrsm;rsm; vdkrSmbJvdkU
olwdkUuxifaewm}
]'g'gu emrnfausmf pma&;q&mqdkaywJh *kPfBuD;½Sif rsufESmBuD; r[kwfbl;uG? EdkUNyD; 'g'g
rdwfo*F[awGuvJ vlcsrf;omawG r[kwfMubl;}
]'g'gawmh qufqufvmygaemf}
]awmuf....igawmifodyfrvmcsifbl;uGm? igu cktcsdefrSm tdrfrxGuf bwfpfum;ay:
wuf&rSmudk aMumufaewm}
]'g'gudk ausmfausmfwdkUtdrfu um;eJUvmac:rSmyg }
atmifr,f... ausmfausmfwdkUtdrfu um;qdkygvm;? ausmfausmfu tck b,frSmrdkUwkef;}
]olUa,mufcr tdrfrSmav 'g'g&JU? olwdkUwkdufatmufxyfrSm a&csKd;cef;a&m
tdrfaxmify&dabm*awG tpHk tvifeJU 0,fay;xm;NyD 'g'g&JU}
]tr,f...w,f[kwfygvm;}
]ausmfausmf ukodkvfaumif;w,f 'g'g? olUa,mufcrawGuvJ olUudkcspfMuw,f }
orD;udkcspf,if orufudkcspf&r,fuG? om;udkcspf,if acR;rudk cspf&w,fuG?
'Dvdkom;rueJU acR;rudk rcspf wwfwJh trsKd;qdk,if a0;a0;ua½Smif }
]'g'gh acR;rawGufk 'g'gcspfvm;}
]ighorD;awGvdkbJ cspfygw,fuGm? 'geJU ausmfausmfvufxyfrSm b,fcsmhcsdrSmvJ}
]csmhcsdrSmr[kwfbl;? olwdkUtdrfrSmbJ oif;tkyfq&mac:NyD; vufxyfr,fwJh}
]0uf'if&Dqufy&Sifaum? tif;,m;vdwfawG? u&0dwfawG vkyfaetHk;rSmvm;}
]rvkyfygbl;? olwdkUtdrfrSmbJ olwdkUwdkufuvJ tBuD;BuD;NcH0if;BuD;uvJ tus,fBuD;bJ?
vmwJhvlawGudk 'efaygufxrif;eJU tdkufpfu&ifauR;r,f? 'gaMumifh
b,favmufcsuf&rvdkU cefUrSef;&rvJvdkU cefUrSef;vdkU&atmif 'g'ghbufuvlb,favmuf
zdwfr,fqdkwmudkvJ ar;cdkif;vdkufwm}
]atmifr,fav;....ighbufu pkpkaygif; igwa,mufbJvdkU oabmxm;vdkufyguGm}
]olwdkUbufuawmh awmfawmfrsm;r,f 'g'g }
]vlcsrf;om *kPfBuD;½SifBuD;ydkif;udkuG}
]'gaMumifh &Dqufy&SifrSm vlawGudk ESpfokwfcGJ zdwfr,f? yxrtokwfu aeUcif; 3
em&Duae 5 em&D? aemuf tokwfu 5 em&Duae 8 em&D? zdwfpmrSm
tcsdefESpfrsKd;cGJvdkufr,f? tJ'DrSm 'g'gudkawmh ESpfcsdefpvHk;bJ aeapcsifw,f? owdkUom;
tazqdkNyD; olwdkUaqGrsKd;awGeJU rdwfqufay;csifw,f }
]aumif;ygNyDAsm....aumif;ygNyD}
pmay\oabm
,cifvu uRefawmfhom; ausmfausmftaMumif;a&;cJhonfudk rdwfaqGwa,mufu
]udk,fhom;raumif;aMumif; 'gavmufbJ a&;&ovm;Asm? wu,fqdk olUcAsm r,m;&p
a,mucrbufu oabmusp&mjzpfatmif zmzmax;ax; az;az;rrav; a&;a&maygh }[k
ajym\/
'Dawmh uRefawmfu ]atmf...cifAsm;ajymyHku usKyfom;udk EGm;r½GUHydwfa&mif;wJh oabmrsKd;
vkyf&r,faygh }
]tm...'DvdkvJ rqkdygbl;Asm? wu,fqdk olqdk;cJhawcJhwmav;awGra&;bJ
xm;vJjzpfom;bJAsm? cifAsm;udk b,folurS ppfaq;ar;jref;aewmrS r[kwfbJ?
wcsKdUpma&;q&mrsm; olwdkUom;orD;awG awmfaMumif; aumif;aMumif; a&;vdkufMuwmAsm?
cifAsm;eJUawmh uGmygh }
uRefawmfNyHk;rd\/ wcgw&H uRefawmfa&;om;[efudk pmayr&ifhusufao;bl;wdkU
em;rvnfMuukef/ ausmfausmf taMumif;udk uRefawmf þodkUtb,faMumifh a&;oenf;/
olwdkUrod/ 'Dawmh xkwfazmfajym&ayawmhrnf/
]uJ...'DrSmAsm? cifAsm;udk uRefawmfar;yg&ap? uRefawmfa&;om;wJh
ausmfausmftaMumif;zwf&awmh olUtwGuf cifAsm;pdwfxJ b,fvdkcHpm;rI jzpfvmovJ}
]aumifav; oem;NyD; cspfoGm;w,fAs? 'gaMumifh 'Duav; u½kPpdwfeJU cifAsm;udk
'Dvdkra&;oifhbl;ajymwm ayghAs}
]tJ...[kwfNyD? tu,fí uRefawmfu udk,fhom;taMumif; raumif;wmawG csefxm;NyD;
aumif;wmawGom wpdwfudk wtdwfvkyfa&;r,fqdk,if cifAsm;pdwfxJrSm
uRefawmfhom;tay: oem;w,f? cspfw,f qdkwJhpdwfay:yghtHk; rvm;}
ol ½kwfw&yfrajz....awGUíaeojzifh uRefawmfu qufvufí....
]ray:ygbl;? cifAsm; aomufjrifawmif uyftHk;r,f? uRefawmfajym&Jw,f? 'DrSm
uRefawmfhom;taMumif; raumif;wmawG xkwfazmfa&;wm[m uRefawmfhrSmwjcm;
&nf½G,fcsufvJ ½Sdao;w,f? b,fvdkvJqdk,if....
(a[h....ausmfausmfa&? rif; i,fi,fwkef;u ynmoifysufcJhw,fh? 'Du rdbvufxJrSm
rif;qdk;cJhawcJhw,f? uJ NyD;cJhwmawG xm;awmh? tckqdk,if rif; rdef;r&NyD? vlBuD;jzpfNyD?
rMumrD om;orD;rsm;vJ arG;zGm;awmhr,f? 'Dawmh rif; a&SUqufNyD; rrdkufeJUawmhuGm) vkdU
ajymvdkufjcif;bJ? 'gudk ausmfausmf em;vnfvdrfhr,fvdkUvJ arQmfvifhw,f? vlUp½dkufrSm
i,fi,furdkufNyD;,if BuD;awmh vdr®mwwfw,fvdkUvJ uRefawmf,HkMunfw,f? tckvJ
olUa,mufcr rdbrsm;u olUtay: b,favmuf aumif;ovJqdkwm qufa&;&tHk;r,f }
vufxyfyGJESifh r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJ
uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmxHk;pHrSmawmh r*Fvmaqmifoa[hqdk waehxJeJU
tNyD;ETJypfvdkufMuwmbJ/ olwdkU c&pf,ef awG t*Fvdyfpwdkif vkyfMuonfuawmh
vufxyfjcif;u waeU]0uf'if &Dqufy&Sif} ac: r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJ waeUoD;jcm; vkyfMuonf/
ausmfausmfwdkU vufxyf&mwGif vlrsm;rsm;rzdwf? ESpfzufrdb aqGrsKd;&if;csmavmufESifh
oif;tkyfq&m? w&m; a[mq&mavmufom/ r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJusawmhrS aqGrsKd;rdwfaqG
o*F[awGtm;vHk;udk zdwfpmawGESifh us,fus,fjyefUjyefU zdwf\/
uRefawmfhxH zdwfpmrsm;,lvmawmh aomfaomfu a½S;OD;pGm zdwfpmwapmifudk
]'g'gESifhtefwDar} [k a&;av &m? uRefawmfu....
][Jh....igwdkUrsm; zdwfpma&; zdwfae&ao;ovm;[Jh} qdkawmh aomfaomfu.....
]trSwfw&aygh 'g'g&,f } [k ajymNyD;? uRefawmfhtdrfu om;rsm;twGuf ]cifarmifpdk;ESifh
EkdU&m} ]cifarmifOD;ESifh tBuD;] [k a&;jyef\/ NyD;vQif ]tck tefu,fMunf ZeD;emrnfu
b,folvJ}[k ar;í uRefawmfu ajymjyawmh zdwfpm wapmifudk ] AdkvfBuD;Munf?
a':cifapmrlESifh om;orD;rsm;}[k a&;\/
tif;....tJonftdrfawmh zdwfxdkufonf[k uRefawmf,lq\/ vGefcJhaomESpf
AdkvfBuD;Munfom;? oufouf r*Fvmaqmifwkef;u aomfaomfupdwf? uRefawmfutpdwf?
uRefawmfhnD armifat;u tpdwf vufzGJUcJhbl;\/ EdkUNyD; AdkvfBuD;MunfESifh a':cifapmrl
r*Fvmaqmifwkef;uvnf; aiGESpfq,f tcdwfrQqdkvQif rsufESmyef;vSrnf r[kwfí
trSwfw& jzpfpdrfhaomiSm vufpGyf wuGif;pm r[l&mausmuf 6 vHk;? aru vufzGJU\/
EdkUNyD; AdkvfBuD;MunfwGif armfawmfum;vnf;½Sdaeí paeaeUnaeydkif;vnf; jzpfaomaMumifh
olwdkUtdrfom;rsm; vmEdkifvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunf\/ tu,fí
rzdwfrdvQiftjypfwifvdrfhrnf[kvJ xifrd\/
AdkvfBuD;Munftdrf zdwfpma&;NyD;awmh aomfaomfu....
]'g'g b,folUawG a&;&tHk;rvJ}[k ar;\/ uRefawmf½kwfw&uf tpOf;pm;&cufaeí
]xm;cJhyguGm? igMunfhNyD; a&;vdkufygr,f }[k ajymvdkuf&\/
uav;awG jyefoGm;MuNyD;aemuf wapmifvQif 3 usyfawmf usonfqdkaom
uRefawmfhpm;yGJay:&Sd zdwfpmawG Munfhí uRefawmf&ifav;ae\/
tif;....'gawGeJU ig b,folUrS 'ku©ray;csifbl;? onfacwf? onftcsdef? onftcgwGif
oGm;&cuf...vm&cuf? aiGydkaiGvQHu½Sm;? ypönf;Opömuvnf; aps;BuD;ygbdoeJU/
uRefawmfhrdwfaqGtodkif;t0ef;uvnf; pmaye,fqdkawmh zGwfusm;csnf;bJ/
uRefawmfudk,fcsif;pmrd\/
xGPf;aeEG,f rmvmodef;wdkUom; r*Fvmaqmifwkef;u zdwfpma&mufvm\/ wNrdKUxJom;
pmayorm;csif;vJ jzpf? olwdkUvifr,m;uvJ uRefawmfhtm; tudk tudkESifh cifMu\/
roGm;í rjzpf/
NrdkUv,fu orw[kdw,frSmqdkawmh oGm;vdkUvJ vG,fae\/ tif; oGm;wmuawmh tmae;
*sm;ae; wrwfpDeJU udpö NyD;ygNyD/ odkUaomfr*Fvmaqmif oGm;w,fqdkawmh
vufzGJUuav;awmh ygOD;rS/
ZeD;onftm; tdrfrSm aiGb,favmuf ½Sdoenf;/ wD;acgufMunfhawmh edrf;[Jh/
xdkUaMumifh aemufqHk;ütBuH&\/ tdrfrSm r½SdívJ jzpfaom (ta½SU*smreDrS rpöuftuf½Sifu
vufaqmif ay;vdkufonfh) yef;tdk;av;wvHk;/ 'gav; puúLxlxlESifhywf?
zJBudk;av;pnf;NyD; ,loGm;&ygoAs/
tESDvkftjzpfrsKd;udk uRefawmf\ zGwfusm;rdwfaqGrsm; rBuHKawGUapvdkyg/
cifrBuD;
uRefawmfrSm 'Dvkdom; r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm wxyfBuD;ESifh pdwftfkufaepOf
w&ufaomaeUvnfcif;ü tdrfa½SUwGif armfawmfum;wpD; xdk;&yfNyD; (cefUcefUBuD;
"gwfyHk½Sifh) cifrBuD;qif;vm\/
]tvdkcif rvmpzl; tvmxl; bmudpöxl;rsm; ½SdvdkUvJqdk....}
]cifhorD; r*Fvmaqmifav? udkaqGUvmzdwfwm}[k qdkNyD;olUvufayGUtdwfxJrS
zdwfpmwapmif xkwfay; avawmh uRefawmhf udk,frSmwD qm;ESifhwdkUovdk wGefUoGm;um....
]atmifr,fav;....cif armifhudk aoap ñTef;a&mhovm;}
]bmvJudkaqG&JU? r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpmay;xmeJU aoapñTef;a&mvm;}
]cifhorD;r*Fvmaqmifu b,frSmvJ}
]tif;,m;vdyf [dkw,frSm}
]tJ'g.... aoap ñTef;wmaygh cif&m? tif;,m;vdwf a[mfw,fudk armfawmfum;r½SdwJh
usKyfvdkzGwfusm; b,fvdkoGm;yghrvJ }
]tkd...udkaqGuvJbJ cifu udkaqGUudk txl;cifrifwJhvlrdkUvdkU tifrwef wuvmNyD;awmh
zdwfwmod&JUvm;}
]odygw,fAsm? usKyfuvJ cifhudktxl;bJ cifrifygw,f odkUaomfvJ tif;,m;vdwf
a[mfw,foGm;zdkU qdkwm uawmh aumif;uifwrGwf Mu,fudk qGwfvdkufcsifw,f/ tJ'gu
yg;pyfuajym½HkeJUNyD;w,f }
cifESifhuRefawmfrSm 1946 ckESpf uRefawmfqefukefonf b0u rEåav;rSm
vlysKda,mifaqmifaepOf tJonfwkef;u i,fi,fav; ½Sdao;aom cifrBuD;tm;
uRefawmfu tysKdrSwfí rsufpdawGUcJhNyD; 1951 ESpfusawmh uRefawmfu pma&;q&mb0ESifh
rEåav;NrdkUEdkifiHawmf oBuFHefusif;ywmrSm tpdk;&{nfhonfawmftjzpfeJU ygoGm;wJhtcg
olUtm;uavmif½Sif ]ywåjrm;cif}tjzpfESifh uRefawmfwdkU cifrifoGm;Muonf/
aemuf olwdkUtdrfaxmifESifh &efukefNrdkU ajymif;vmNyD; ]cefUcefUBuD;"gwfyHkwdkuf} zGifhavawmh
ydkrdkí&if;ESD;oGm;\/ xdkpOfu uRefawmfhrSm pm&nf;pmrsm;xH "mwfyHkrsm;ydkU&av&m olu
]cifhpdwfBudkuf ½dkufay;wJh "mwfyHkawGudk trsKd;orD;wdkif; Budkufap&r,f }[k qdkum
tvum; ½dkufay;avh½Sdonf/
xdkUaMumifh olonf t&if;ESD;qHk; rdwfaqGjzpfí olUorD;r*Fvmaqmifudk
vmzdwfjcif;jzpfyg\/
]udkaqG&m...cifhorD;r*FvmyGJudk vmjzpfatmif vmapcsifygw,f }
]aeygtHk; cif&,f? udkaqGrvmbJ 'Dr*FvmyGJu jzpfrSmbJ r[kwfvm;}
olu ajcaqmifhí....
]tdk;....}
]'gjzifh 'Dvdkvkyfcifa&}
uRefawmfonf ½kwfw&uf pdwful;&vmí....
]cifeJUudkaqGeJU om;orD; r*FvmyGJudk bmwmpepfvkyfMur,f }
]b,fvdk bmwmpepfvJ}
uRefawmfonf teD;½Sd pma&;pmyGJay:rS ausmfausmf r*FvmaqmifzdwfpmawG ,lvdkufNyD;
olUtm;wck ay;vdkufí....
]'DrSmzwfMunfhprf;}
][if...udkaqGUom;r*Fvmaqmifygvm;? cifhudkvJ zdwf&r,f....}
]zdwfw,f....zdwfw,f? tckbJzdwfNyD? a&mh wc,loGm;/ odkUaomf 'Dvdkvkyf?
cifhorD;r*FvmaqmifvJ udkaqGUudkzdwfw,f? udkaqGUom;r*FvmaqmifvJ cifhudkzdwfw,f?
'gayr,fh udk,fhom;r*FvmaqmifyGJvJ rvmeJU? cifhorD; r*FvmaqmifyGJvJ udk,frvmbl;?
'g[m bmwmpepfzJ/ ESpfzuf rQrQww auseyfa&mayghaemf }
]tdk...udkaqG[muvJ b,fES,fhwkef; }
]ckES,fhrSm udk,fwdkUvdk um;r½SdwJhvlawGrSm oGm;&vm& MuyfvGef;vdkUyguGm/
MunfhcifhorD;r*FvmyGJu tif;,m;vdwf a[mfw,frSm? ukdaqGvmr,fqdk,if yxr 8 rkdif
r&ef;ukef;udk eHywf 9 um;pD;&r,f/ 'kwd, ajrmufOuúvmeJUurÇmat; vrf;qHkudk eHywf
6 um;pD;&r,f/ tJ'DurS wcg eHywf 5 um;pD;&r,f? tJonfrSm r*Fvm
aqmifvmw,fqdkawmh ydk;vHkcsnfeJU tay:tuFsD 0wf&tHk;r,f? 'Dt0wfawG[m
um;oHk;wef MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; pD;&rSmqdkawmh acR;oH½TJU½TJUeJUzGwfzGwfausa&m? EdkUNyD;awmh
tay:tuFsD twGif;tdwfudk cg;ydkufEIdufu bvdwf"m;eJUcGJwmvJ cH&tHk;r,f? ckES,f
&efukefrSm cg;ydkufESdkufrygwJh bwfpfum;&,fvdkU r½Sdbl;cifAs/ tJ'DtEå&m,faMumufvdkU
oHk;pD;um;pD;r,f qdk,ifvJ udk,fwdkUqDrSmu&zdkUrvG,fbl;/ &jyef,ifvJ rwefwq
ay;&w,fcav;r&,f awG;qyguG,fcif&,f }
olonf uRefawmfajymonfrsm;udk Nidrfí em;axmifaeNyD;aemuf...
]'gjzifh cifhum;eJU vmac:r,fav}
]'gavmuf 'ku©r½SmygeJU cif&,f? udkaqG rygvJ NyD;wJh udpöBuD;udk}
]tdk...twif;ac:rSmbJ? uJ cifjyefr,f }
olxdkif&mrSxoGm;aomtcg 0if;ayguftxd uRefawmfu vdkufydkU,if;
a,musfm;aumif;wdkU0wå&m;twdkif;....
]cifutckxufxd vSwkef;bJuGm}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,fudkaqG&m? udkaqGvJ cifhqDvmNyD; "mwfyHk ½dkuftHk;av}
]rvdkawmhygbl;cif&m? ay;p&m &nf;pm;vJ r½Sdawmhygbl;}
]tbkd;BuD;pwdkifav ykwD;eJUbmeJU½dkufaygh }
]awmfNyD....awmfNyD }
cifjyefoGm;NyD;aemuf zdwfpmawGMunfhum uRefawmf&ifav;aeonf/ 'gawG b,fhES,fh
vkyf&yghrvJ/ [,f tv[óawmh rjzpf&bl;[k ukd,fhpdwfxJuajymNyD;....
OD;cifarmifvwfESifh a':cifrsKd;cspf/
pma&;q&mxifvif;ESifhZeD;/
umwGef;OD;azodef;ESifh a':cifav;EG,f [k wapmifpDa&;NyD;
4if;wdkUemrnfawGatmufuoGm;&efrvdkvufzJGU&ef rvdk[k xyfía&;vdkuf\/
olwdkUqDoGm;ay;aomtcg OD;cifarmifvwfu olUzdwfpmMunfhNyD;aemuf....
]aomfwmaqGu w,fvdr®mwmbJuGm? 'dkUuvJ roGm;csif roGm;EdkifwmeJU tqifoifhbJ}[k
ajymí xifvif;u vnf; ]aomfwmaqGu ynm½SdbJ udkvwf&JU}[k csD;rGrf;\/
rSefygonf/ uRefawmfhom;r*FvmyGJü uRefawmfhbufu om;cifarmifpdk;ESifh pkpkaygif;
udkazodef;wa,mufuvGJ NyD; b,folrSrvmacswum;/
olwdkUbufuawmh um;BuD;um;i,fawG toG,foG,fESifh/ aqGrsKd;rdo*F[tm;
awmifhvSygay\/
ESpfxyfuGrf;aqGrsKd;
owdkUorD;zcif OD;0Dvfqifodef;ESifh rdcif a':arpDonf tayguf0rSaeí vmorQ
rdwfaqGrdwfo*F[rsm;tm; uRefawmfESifhvufqGJEIwfqufapum....
]'g... owdkUom;&JUtazyg }
][kwfuJh....uRefawmfaomfwmaqGyg}
'DvdkrdwfzGJUMu&awmhwcsKdUuvJ....
]pmawGawmh zwfzl;wmMumygNyD? ckrS vlcsif;awGU&? aqGrsKd;awmf&wm 0rf;omygw,f }[k
ajymMu\/ olwdkUbufu u&iftrsKd;om; trsKd;orD;awGjzpfMu\/
touf 60 cefU? rsufESmaiG'*Fg;uJhodkU `zl`zl0dkif;0dkif;BuD;ESifh u&iftrsKd;om;BuD;wOD;um;
uRefawmhfvufudk cyfMurf;Murf; zspfñSpfvIyf,rf;um....
]a[h....oleJUig ckrSrdwfzGJUaep&m rvdkbl;uG? 'dkU[m ckqdk,if ESpfxyfuGrf;aqGrsKd; awmf&wm}
[k ajymojzifh OD;0Dvdqifodef;wdkU vifr,m; tHhMo0rf;omMuonf/
olUemrnfu ]OD;avmrwfpf} jzpfonf/ uRefawmfh ZeD;ar&JU w0rf;uGJtr\ a,musfm;rdkU
olESifh uRefawmfESifh r,m;nDtudk w0rf;uGJ/ þtaMumif;udk OD;aomrwfpfu½Sif;ajymawmh
a':arpDu uRefawmhftm;....
]aomrwfpfeJUusru zwfpfumpifyg}
olwdkUcsif;armifESr w0rf;uGJ[k ajymygonf/ [kwfoayghav/ usKyfwdkUu&if jrefrm
ESpfxyfuGrf; aqGrsKd;awmf oGm;jcif;aygh/
crnf; cruf rdwfqufyGJ
OD;0Dvfqifodef;wdkU ZeD;armifESHESifhuRefawmfonf ZGefv 12 &uf?
ausmfausmfwdkUvufxyfonfhaeUurS awGUjrif bl;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom
olwdkUwdkuf tay:xyf {nfhcef;xJwGif uRefawmforD;'ify,fvfaqGu...
]'g y,fy,fwdkU 'g'gygbJ}[k rdwfquf ay;awmh uRefawmfwdkUvufcsif; zspfñSpfMuum?
OD;0Dvfqifodef;u....
][kwfuJh.... 0rf;omygw,fq&m}
OD;0Dvfqifodef;u tNidrf;pm; taumufcGef rif;BuD;qdkawmh awmfawmf BuD;BuD;x,fx,f
tdktdkrif;rif;aevdrfh rnf[k atmufarhcJh&m (olUorD; uRefawmfh acR;rajymjyí od&onf/)
olUtouf 63 ESpfonf vlyHkoP²meftm;jzifh uRefawmf 57 ESpfxufyif
EkysKdzswfvwfaeygao;onf/ vlu t&yf cyfjywfjywfyJ/ olUZeD;uvnf; toufudk
rcefUrSef;avmufatmifyif EkysKdvSíajymyavmufatmif acsmarmoljzpf ygonf/
awGUolwdkif;u....
]a':arpD awmfawmfacsmw,faemf} [k ajymMu&onf/
vufxufonfhaeu vlig;q,favmufudk trJom; ig; ykZGef[if; 6 rsKd;ESifh xrif;auR;&m
[if;awG awmfawmfaumif;w,fAsm/ OD;0Dvfqifodef;u....
]'g....uRefawmfhZeD; csufwmawGygbJ}[k ajymonftvm; w,fawmfygvm;/
uRefawmfh acR;rvnf; olUtarvdk [if;csufaumif;apownf;/
tdrf½Sifrwm0ef
tdrfaxmifwckwGif tdrf½Sifrxrif;[if; csufaumif;jcif; raumif;jcif;onf
tdrfaxmifouf &ifhvmavav pum;ajymavjzpfvmonf/
vlwdkUrnfonfrSm pm;jcif;jzifh touf½Snf aeMuay&m tpm;aumif;zdkUvdkonf/
tpm;aumif;udk rrufarmol [lír½Sd/ ukd,fh tdrfrSmpm;raumif;vQif wjcm;odkUoGm;NyD;
pm;ayvdrfhr,f/ udk,fh tdrftpm;tpmudk ESpfoufaeNyD qdkygu xdka,musfm; tdrfNrJavNyD/
xdkUjyif tdrf½SifrçwdkU wm0efwckudk uRefawmf ajymvdkao;ovJ/ tdyf&moefU½Sif;zdkUESifh
rdrdacgif;rSm oef;awGr½Sd zdkU ta&;BuD;vSayonf/
wcsKdUtrsKd;orD;rsm; 0wfpm;zD;vdrf;xm;vdkufwm ysHvdkUygbJ/ EdkUaywJh acgif;rSm
oef;awG½Gpd½Gpd/ tdyf&mxJ MunfhOD;rvm;? Murf;ydk;awGrif;rlvdkU reuftdyf&muEdk;vdkU
rsufpdESpfvHk; zGifhMunfhvdkufNyDqdkrSjzifh jcifaxmifacgifrdk; axmifhawGrSm Murf;ydk;awG
eD&JcJaewm awGU&oAs/
tJ'g tdrf½SifrawG&JUwm0efbJ/ tdyf&mu xMuNyDqdk,if jcifaxmifudkwif?
apmifawGudkacguf? tdyf&mrS wGefUaMuraeapeJU/
wlESpfudk,fNrJMuzdkU
bk&m;ocifwGJzufí xrf;bdk; wifawmfrlaom
t&mudk vlrcGJcGmapESifh
½Sifrmuk? 10 ;-9 /
tJ'g ausmfausmfwdkU r*Fvmaqmif zdwfpm acgif;pD;pmwrf;ygbJ/ olwdkUvufxyfaomtcg
u&ifoif;tkyfq&m ref;aom&Du þpmudk a½S;OD;pGm ½GwfqdkNyD;rS qHk;rMo0g'pcef;
rdefUMum;yg\/
]tckom;wdkUorD;wdkU wOD;eJUwOD; cspfcif ESpfoufMuvdkU vufxyfMuw,fqdkwm
tzbk&m;ocif&JU tvdkawmfbJ/ tck rif;wdkUESpfa,mufudk bk&m;ocifu
wGJzufNyD;xrf;bdk; wifay;vdkufw,f/ ukd,fawmf\qE´udk vlom;wdkUu rzsufqD;tyfbl;/
vlUb0rSm rif;wdkUraorcsif; tdkatmif rif;atmif aygif;oif;MuzdkUbJ/ 'g[m
bk&m;ocif&JU tvdkawmfjzpfaomaMumifh tdkemusKd;uef; jzpfaomfvJ wOD;udkwOD;
rpGefUypf&bl;? bk&m;ocifwifay; awmfrlwJh xrf;bdk;eJU rif;wdkU rcGJrcGm vlUb0c&D;pOfrSm
bufnDnD½kef;Mu&vdrfhr,f}
onfpum;udk uRefawmf awmfawmfBudKuf\/ rSef\/ tdrfaxmifbufqdkwm vSnf;wpD;?
EGm;ESpfaumif xrf;ydk;wyf ½kef;&ovdk vifr,m;ESpfa,muf[mvJ
tdrfaxmifwm0efwnf;[laom vSnf;BuD;udkNydkifwl½kef;uef Mu&wmbJ/ tJhonftcgrSm
vifeJUr,m;bufnDzdkU ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/
rNrJwJhtdrfaxmifawGudk avhvmMunfhr,fqdk,if bufrnDawG awGU&wwfygw,f/
wa,mufuawmfNyD; wa,mufuñHhaer,fqdk,if wzufapmif;eif; jzpfNyD; om,mwJh
tdrfaxmift&omudk r&Edkifygbl;/ vifeJUr,m;rSmvif uvJ udk,fhr,m;udk
csD;rGrf;p&mav;awG awGU&r,f/ r,m;uvJ udk,fhviftay:rSm ESpfoufMunfñdkp&mrsm;
½Sd&ygr,f/ 'grSwOD;udkwOD; av;pm;NyD; cspfMunfrI cdkifNrJEdkifygw,f/
EdkUNyD; vifeJUr,m;wa,mufudkwa,mufuaMumufw,f? Edkifw,fqdkwmvJ
raumif;ygbl;/ vlpnf; bDvl;pnf; qdkwmudk vifae&mvif? r,m;ae&mr,m;?
cGJjcm;NyD;wOD;udkwOD; tav;xm;&r,f/ usD; bkwf½dkao? bkwf usD;½dkao? qdkovdkaygh/
wcsKdUrdbrsm;[m udk,fhom;u acR;rudk Edkifapcsifw,f/ udk,fhorD;usawmhvJ om;rufudk
Edkifapcsifjyefw,f/ trsKd;u ]vifEdkifr,m;Edkif]rsKd;ayghav? 'g[m raumif;bl;....}
Oyrm tdrfaxmifwckrSm r,m;ucsnf; pDrHcefUcGJaew,f/ aqGrsKd;qufqHa&; rnDrQbl;/
ukd,fhbufu aqGrsKd; awGawmh auR;vdkuf arG;vdkuf ay;vdkufurf;vdkuf/ vifhbufu
aqGrsKd;awmh ro'´gbl
Oyrm tdrfaxmifwckrSm r,m;ucsnf; pDrHcefUcGJaew,f/ aqGrsKd;qufqHa&; rnDrQbl;/
ukd,fhbufu aqGrsKd; awGawmh auR;vdkuf arG;vdkuf ay;vdkufurf;vdkuf/ vifhbufu
aqGrsKd;awmh ro'´gbl;? rMunfjzLbl;/ tdrfvm wmawmif rBudKufcsifbl;/ 'gudkvifu
od&ufeJU r,m;rajym0HhvdkU Nidrfae&w,fqdk,if 'Dvludk olUbufuaqGrsKd;awGu
r,m;MoZmcH&wJh ]EGm;bJ} ]w,fEGm;uswJh aumif}vdkU ajymMuw,f/ 'Dawmh
cifAsm;wdkUorD;bJ ]EGm;r,m;} jzpf&r,f/
xdkenf;vnf;aumif;bJ? wtdrfaxmifrSm vifhMoZmcsnf;½Sdaew,f/ r,m;u xm;&mrSm
ae&w,f/ udk,fhaqG rsKd;rdb&,fvdkU &J&Jawmif rqufqH0Hhbl;qdk,if olUbufu
b,fvdkajymMurvJ/ 'D[mr vifudk odyfaMumuf&? vifEdkifcH& wJh acG;rbJaygh/ 'Dawmh
cifAsm;wkdUom;bJ ]acG;rvif} jzpfr,f/
wu,fawmh tdrfaxmifwck jyKMuNyDqdk,if ESpfzufaqGrsKd; rdwfo*F[awmh ½SdMupNrJbJ/
tJonfrSm wzufeJU wzuf rQwzdkU ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ olUbufaqGrsKd;&,f?
ighbufaqGrsKd;&,f? cGJjcm;raebJ tm;vHk;udk &nfwlwef;wl xm;& ygw,f/ udk,fhbufu
aqGrsKd;xufudk olUbufu aqGrsKd;udkydkNyD; *½kpdkufoifhygw,f/ nmwumeOö o*Fa[m
aqGrsKd; rdwfo*F[wdkUtm; oN*ØKvfaxmufyHhjcif;onf r*Fvmwyg;vdkUqdkygw,f/ 'Dawmh
udk,fhbufaqGrsKd;csnf; r*FvmjyKraebJ ESpfzufrQNyD;awmh jyK&ygr,f/
uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmvlrsKd; xHk;pHrSm vifu&orQ Opömudk r,m;xHtyfESHw,f/ r,m;u
rD;zdkapmiftkyfpD;w,f/ 'gaMumifh aqGrsKd;rdwfo*F[ ESpfzufqufqHrIrSm
r,m;tay:rSmtrsm;BuD; wnfaeygw,f/
'Dawmh tdrfaxmif½Sif taygif;wdkU[m ]EGm;r,m;}vJ rvkyfcsifMuygeJU? ]acG;rvif}vJ
rjzpfcsifMuygeJUvdkU uRefawmfu om;r*FvmaqmifeJU pyfvsOf;í? 'Dae&muaeNyD;
r*Fvmpum; ajymMum;vdkufygw,f cifAsm;/
ESpfa,mufxJ r[kwfawmhbl;
rdef;rysKdav;wa,mufESifh a,musfm;ysKdav;wa,muf cspfBudKufMuNyD; orD;&nf;pm;
jzpfoGm;MuNyDqdkvQif olwdkU csif;wOD;udkwOD;uvGJNyD; tjcm;bmrQ rjrifMuawmhacs/
]ESpfa,mufxJqdkvQif armif&,f? a0&ufawmifxdyf aecsif,if ckoGm;? a&½Sm;wJh oJuEå&
qm[m& ra½Smifw,f? aerjrif a&jyifcJ ajrmuf0if½dk;pGef;udkbJ ac:ac:? aysmfygw,f?
armif&,f oJoJrJrJZGJeJU? ESpfa,mufxJ aecsifw,f} [kwfvm;.../
odkUaomf tMuifarmifr,f ESpfOD;[m orD;&nf;pm; b0eJU tm;r&awmhvdkU
vifr,m;nm;MuNyD qdkwJhtcg usawmh? tifvsm;uefapmif;rSm? wd&pämef½HkxJrSm?
a½Twd*Hkbk&m;BuD;rSm? urÇat;vdkPf*lBuD;xJrSm csdef;awGUMuwkef;uvdk ESpfa,mufxJ
r[kwfMuawmhbl;/ {0&ufawmifxdyf qm[m& oJuEå&? ajrmuf0if½dk;pGef; qdkwmawGvJ
urÇmhajryHkxJ MunfhrSbJ jrif&awmhr,f? tJolwdkUESpfa,muf
b,fa&mufoGm;MuovJqdkawmh a,mu©rawG a,mufrawGpwJh wdkwdkeJU vdk,if;ajym,if
t*Fvdyfudk in law ]tifavm}ac:wJh r,m;bufutrsKd; vifbufu trsKd;awGxJ
a&mufoGm;Muwm bJ/
tJ'DtcgrSm ighom;rSighom;? ighorD;rS ighorD;[Jh igharmifrS igharmif[k udk,fhom;u
acR;rudk Edkifapcsifw,f a,mufrudk Edkifapcsifw,f.... ponfjzifh
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufMum;rSm ukd,fhaoG;om; bufucsnf; aer,fqdkwJh trsKd;xJ
a&mufoGm;,ifjzifh w,frvG,fawmhbl; cifAsmh/ ]jynfyef;ñdk csKdcsif&ufueJU
qm;uzsufw,f } qkdwm jzpfwwfMuw,f/
a½S;vlBuD;rsm;[m om;orD;rsm; tdrfaxmifjyKawmhr,fqdk,if rsKd;½dk;tqdk;taumif;
pHkprf;avh ½SdMuygw,f/
pifppfawmh vlBuD;rdbawGawmh udk,fhom;orD;udk cspfw,fqdk,ifjzifh orD;&,f?
oruf&,f? om;&,f? acR;r&,f ausmom;&ifom; cGJjcm;raebJ oabmxm;BuD;zdkU
vkdygw,f/ vifeJUr,m; vQmeJUoGm;qdkwmvdk olwdkUcsif; y#dyu©jzpf,ifvJ bufrvdkufbJ
trSm;trSefudk qHk;jzwfay;&ygr,f/ wcgw&H tao;tzGJav;qdk,if Oayu©m jyKoifh,if
jyK&ygw,f }
'g[mudk,fhzdkUvJ jzpfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdk,if om;orD; pdwf'ku©a&mufMu,if
vlBuD;rdbuvJ aomu a&mufMu&rSmbJ r[kwfygvm;/
,ck ]uRefawmfhb0 ZmwfaMumif;} a&;cJhwmrSm uRefawmf[m om;rufwa,muf taeeJU
t&iftdrfaxmif&JU a,mu©r aqGrsKd;rsm; taMumif;eJU ,ckvuf½Sd tddrfaxmif&JU
aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm; taMumif;ukd EdIif;,SOf azmfjycJhygNyD/
tJ.... tckawmh wrsKd;vm&ygvdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfhrSm tckacR;roHk;a,mufawmif ½SdaeNyDrdkU
uRefawmfu a,mu©r rdbtaeeJU a&;jyygawmhr,f/