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b rn~ 1,11.1 lImit.,

I. Smith R.A. Mal

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9f 186948 6,553

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I,SB,N 01 948648 55 1

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I S;mith

'Mas,ter M{arin,eJ" (A:nstr,aiian Maritim,'B CoUege~i T'a;s'm:ania)

Bo,th Butb,o,l'S, have been mv,olvedl

:!Ii!, _ "'h" B',- !II! ,.;I '. '1i'I!!" , ...... fi"!iii k C"" _: _ -- . ,_.

m It! :- ,e~ ." nu,ee J. ream.'pur" ... 01lH'8e.s

'b Fl--' _ d -N-' .,~ al

'IUn : y .) _Jeetwool :, _'. autie a ,

IC·-.I0· 'U,i r(lj;lCJ"e"_

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'I':'''' ~ r~'d'" NI r!1''''J'n . iLl-'· i[;. d II.!.. S" ~ d M .,

,ri'r5,1. 11:i::~ I:uon, W7/,;':;r PU!iti!. LlS~lie I UY ,:. 'tl,i.~I,o.r.~, '_,,:. :anum£

Rep!rin~:'ed ~,9'9.5 by 'Warsash Publi'sh.~n,g

Re;pri!n~e:d 1. 99 8, byW~_r5:mili Publ i,shwn,g

R,;~prWnte.d 2:ocb b' \V Il)Irsas;h Pub] ~5:hh]jg

7' 8,

11

1. 2, EXtr'8'cta, &IQm 'Mer,chant ShipP·ln.,1( N,otices

a ':Je·I-'-'t-l'i!iv-:;·e' .. ··, 'M"; otio "D" IG'~-rvP.·: "0"" S'··~)t···a· 'bilized-:-~'~ 'N" IO:-irtb·- ,II 'U' P:'I

! .. .. ' ..... .!D,,! -. I, _. ,':'1 ~ -,' ~ •• l' .:._-,.,·.I·.:..:...... ___:'" "'I" 'I ',' -, .. -. _ r, 'I •• ' ..• ~ . .

P:-'eseniatioD,

Gr,ouD!d, Stabili'zed True MOlti1on Dis,play

II·SBN 0 9481646 5,5 1

AuDBX 1 An'D,ex 21

AnnAV' 3'1,"

I~A.I'

40 ,42:

44 45

Co'p:rUl'iig-'ht@,19,7911'SmlhandR.AMu"raney·""

- _. ~ - I. ~ - " . II_] • _ _, . ,_., _ . ' __ I _ _l . __ _. I 1- __ .

~:riti:sh ILJlbra~l CataJ1ogu'in\QI 'in !puibn'cation Data:

.A catalcr,gue rre'corJ:i fOr th:is !book 1'5 avaifable fromlibe British U1btary.

PUI!lJlished -Iby Wars,.srh P1ubnshing

6 ID'"'lb~ IR' d

[ . ··Ir-·,I,e$ _.021",

Warsash

SO-:lidks"'m' pto .. ··-n· 8·-:0": '·'3'·-:'1' g:rHiZ"

:....I •• UJlI'.:.. _lullJ. I ..... ~.... .. I .

,

'Tlelephone:' D14B'91 5723,84

Fax· ~ r e: [0"'" '1'-14:" 18-:,19_ ." 8·8" 5-' . ·7· ",5- '6' '.

_. ", .!!I .' j, I '.': r .,' "I - j _' [_'- .• ,'

1-1

~Cf!~~~':: :t~eb~~k· ~:a-;ve ::~~t~f~=

In,,deDIJ,1 does .oot: ~" DD:ge W1ltb 'time.,

As w't a'~.lp,l:.aeb, 'th,(*; end olf tile twefoae,tIl ,£ea~·'~!1 :m'ODy

i!' I~ , '"' . 0; '- ~ I In _ t! ~~',3' . '" .

:Qavl:I,a,to,r~ are stiB DIO't lISDlI P,ar,alle ., rdem.D;g; "·B BID_tor

thelr' ' ves,se,1'I s 'progress, ,aDd, 'th,. vessel goes :agro'DDd, si_IJlp,ly

'bec~a~:e ~~J~ brid'g,e fteth~aRl' does f!lot kulOW' rh'e ~':ositi,on of 'the: vessei ,.~' 'IU. s c31:ges, 0""'· e Daviglti,oaal :p,8ss,age!!,

[ii" S"I'., ·'·'locl..

, "ld '_ DU".o

Mare' '~' 19197

1"

hofr t·:1.,., ~ t "- ~ .....,-:11 I 'Ill dii!i te d

ec 01 'uom, '~I.le ,&Lor,eCall:.' IL.\l,ae '. 'w,n . ~--:::_, __ ~.[ea:I·~.:' ,8 .:, ,epa', .. ,

ture~ o'~ OWD ship from the dlsamed, 'COQEse' lOY'. 'the ~UD,d-:-:-

'.,iII,......, _ . _ '.:!I!

(b) ~ a:grod··~~-:!!jz~ ~m~~n display. th~eehu

of a fixe,: ,ID~]edL will ~em,B1D [fJta:tiOIL~ry DID ·b,e ~diBP I~a,;y

and "e-' o-'nilillD' iii .. o ffb' 'e di' "-')ay ("-I\9D' hi~ .!'p)-'-" wilI·"r:-'

.( _:. - :' '.' .. [\: ,-.' ... ' - .. [ ..... , .- 1iCI'.· ,,' - o· - ... - !ii:!II!,' '[:" I . -.. 'm'- O""iI~iIl"'e

T ,._ ', •• I : .J:........:_ . ~.'. j I. ._, ~ . Ji:I!.: ! .. _' ' .. ' i: I ( . g_._ I I.: (' . _"" It, '" ,. Y' _ I

,a),011,1: the! CO'lurl_~:Je .-0 ade B[ood, b'Y' own ,ship, a:_' a, 'speed, COlmm.eDfJ,urate'to .. =:'J&t, lof o'wn sbipl 'G'v[er' thiS pO'lUldl~, A 'line! sholuld he Idlra: ~ .::; .. ' frolm th,e echol olf'·ths: fi.XJed. objed, tan,geD:tial to the! va,ri.abIIB raDKe' marker fJ~: el[s' let to tbe' d,eaire,d pI.saml diS[taDICI'+ If' '·he leltKDD'nlC be,ariDg mar;·~,er il S8:t parallel 'to this Ii'De' it, 'will indic'aie the 'CIODrse':-o 'be made good, b,y' OWD, ship OV[.~ -,

the ;' _ ad, Any' d:eplarture ,of 'O'WD IShi:P[ from thia, ceurse will be ,~'Ildieaied, by th,e draWD.line not -b.eing tange~Q.tial to ·the' variable ran;"e marker circle., ,fIbe. v,ariable J:aDIB' maikl8l mc-e~ B.ho'uI.d mlove ,aloD,1 thei

Ine 'like [a, ball roIU:DiB ,alo'DI' a. straigb:t ed:ge).

(iii) IThle' eQI7,avls-:-:- pu',allel, t aes o~!=-·,th[emce'of'thelbeaEj-D.g CUlilro;r C:8n, be! used as an aid to, dra,wiDg the: 'In.dIBx IijineB iDD" IStay':, a l,eflectioD pl!otte'r' and to il,uppI18m,e;at;the' b.earing c:Drsor'I<

(lv) It, sbo,uld bel borne! in miDd thlat P;ar.,aDelIndemg is,

aJ'D-" 81' ld to f!!j[,-"I}e··- navigation and d···;-ilil"IWiliCliiiD DO··.-t 11"up'e;-;'lIi~e-"d;-e:-' th''-e''

g. .. " .. ' iV 1Iii;J[l'&.&.i . :....:,~, ':' ,.·U,! '.:_:,_. lMW," .. ·,U~g, ~. I .. }. _':_'.', :.I-"'&'iIIi;I!; .. , 1...: __ ,:::'

requirement fo'r po,sitilOD! fixing' at r"eBular m'tervala 'va[iDg'

all meth.rods available 'to' th.e navi,_·ato'l,.. -

(v) \\'hen using 'r,adar for pOlsition 'fixing an.d'molmtolrin,I, Ich,eck.':

(:a,) ·t,h1e ra[diar~'B o¥er'all 'plerfolrmBl1.ce~;1

(b,). tb-·~·~ :8·: 'id[eDti"~ of the .. .er.~'""e-~d-: O:b~illl'ec:~tf·:(·",ai,).~

_: " . , ., ·-'(#,3'·· . '. . ,.LIJl,._ !I '. . }ii:IJ, .:1'

(i) ID·v[es,tiga:tion:s. of casualties Involving the ,lfo1lD,dlng of 8,h:ipsJ when radar was bem.1 'used, ,aB an aid to n.a,yj,g'sti!on"" 'have Indieated. ths:t a faetor contrihluting to tb,e gro un ding was the la·.· [of' adequate monitoring of ,the! s,hip,'s, position duringtheperied oftime Ieadingup to the c,asualty'- Valuable assistance to position 'm1onitoring' in

~elation to .~ . pr~.ntlhted n~viI~tioD. p1811 couidhave

been givenin such cases if the brl,dll'e' personnel had. used the techniques of 'Par,a'llel Index PlottiDg on, the 'lIB.dar display, S'u,cb, techniq,ues should be practised in, drear weather during su,ai.,g·htforwa·rd passages, so' thatbridge 'p181S0 nnel become th[ol,on,ghly 'famt '''at: with this

te~' eh m ,l!q.: U: 'e·_-· before ~,t·-,t·Qm'-'-;-·p'-J,tin--~- ,rr 'l'lt--,- In C';"':rDin--:-'finl'" e;_:d: ·R·': n· d diffi[c' ult

_.' ",,~ _~, . _' __ .' ,·jlu~~ ~ ... ~ .. '_, :.:_: _' , .. ",D ·l. 1 _:...___: .'" '_ ... -_- .. ',. __ I' J -,:_ ' .. _. "

PI'a'~' ss ag tes oe at m ,iIJ·ah··-t· or In res ,·m·· ieee id VI,!, isih ··I'·ili~·!!'t·L:v,

_ "~~'_''-''< .. '":''''' _. , .....• __: .. ,:, 1 ,~.L., .iII. , ,.-.-:_ r-r _.~ ", ••. ,-'_',:. .•• _." 1.. 1;,J"'JII!'

(ii) Th.e 'basic princi:ple of Parallel Index 'Plo·tting can be applied to 'ei:th,e'r (a) a st:abilizled. r'el..ati:v;e motion di,s.p;lay or' (b) a ground"'istabiliz,edtru'e~motilon dispilay.

(8) 10':0, a stabilised ~l:ativ'e' motion display' the echo 10£'18 fixed obiect will mo ve a cross '''1; he displa y .. - 'mil '.' 8·-',

'. _ - ",J'.' WU,· '.' C_:':_ .'. :. ,. '1..'. Q__ rlil, '_" .' a. I .. ' ._._ " ..

d Ireetion which I 1'·S·-·-[ t· he exact re eiproeal of th e I~O······iI·lI'r'£.Ie···'··

. ," ----.:. ~""~ .. _. ~ . .II I,:..._. ..', .:.' "'_':~;__ 'LtP. J • , __ ' _, J -0',1 . :. .... , ._.:_:. . '. '.'~' '.'. ~; -::1l;1li GJ.·:

made good by own ship at a speed commensurate: ~o

t' 'h· ·.a:-·t··· ··o~·f,:~·o· ··.·wn~·I.: -s·~-.h: l'~:·p·· .. [·o·.,~v· e··_··t,'·'h'·e= '~-o·· W,d: ·'·A-·:-·li~e·'-· d·"r'· .·a··' .• ·-'wJ·~~-n··-'-·-fr.'-I'· ""'0' ··m··-

w ',_".' ',~, :...:., __ • ',' ','_' 'I ", "... .& .-."' ','. ~I&J .•••.. "_' ., •. ,_. I. ••••• I _._ .~ .. ~. I 'o[ -' ,

the echo of the fixed ob,jec,t tangential'to, the variable range marker circl.le set to th,e desired pa,s,slin,g

d-'l"S-·'''II~·a··· 'n" c· .. ··e· . ,~ .. ...::11·1m'!!'I~ ,di: I'~,c··'-·a· ·te-·· ··,th·" -Ie'l ~O" ·'rt--ac->a·'·s,· :tl t:··r[" '8': 'C':k',<, [0. ·f~'t'I·1!...e·· ,D'"h'~- '0-" a·: a

. . .. ' Itr.._, "'_ _,' _,", ·W',ll.! . -' _:_:-! . r ",'-, • ':...__,' JLII: T, ,~ .... - ~.' .. ' ','. " • : ~ .... 'w' • _!1111:__ ~~[. '" " f ,._g!

IQ[wn Blbi:p p'rocieed:Bii If' the 'blearing c,ursor' is, 9,et p,arallel ·to ·this, ·tr',Rlck it .nIl indi,cat,e ·tb,e cOlurlse to mak.e :goo,d 'i!or' O'wn s'hip~ ,An:y' displ.a,ceme·nt ,of the.

(c,) g,,-ro[ error land. B,CC·Ul,B,CY of ·the. 'he',a,dinK marker' lalig.nmeD~;.

(d) aceuracy of the! variable 'rangre ·mark[er .. bearing cu'rBol~- and fj'xe,d, range rings;,

(e:) OlD w&o'mlo,tiO'D" ,th,at ·the !dis,p;lay is, correctly·

gr,o'UDd~Bta:b~liz,ed.

(e' ·~a·- ·,t·' fr"-=-j:o-'m-:"'" M·,·-'A~'h·"·a·:'n· ·t·1 S·······bi·· '''pp .. jftg',: - 'N·~o··-···ti~'"\~

- ~Il&~· " .. :. "," J •• ~__: ) ~&,.._\~ ,[~ ... _ ... ~_ . _:_ ,.1~, . J ... , ~~

No~ ·M~[85·4" AoD'ex) .' '-

Navi;latioD S:afety - Gui.·2'.e to ·tllie PlaDD'i.Dgu.d Coc-;-duct lof'P',as'IIB·-.·i8S ,-, M:o,Ditori'Dg.

8

9

P'D' .. a';~a···p-··h· 2: "3 S·"·l;t'I'a:-'te-1"':-CiI!I!!!

GIIjU.~.I :".!, - .,._ ~ .• ) _;~._i_L ~- _ ;-""'g~l

Ra,d,·I __ - .nO'D·· be I-'-·I··d'''·, to . d''''·a'··u·t-·''-;-'I·''\& I',. m'- "'-"'.dll",t-",:--:---I!!I',· '-, ,·th·-I .. --:.-;

_, - Jar ._I1;,;i!Q,', .. e uae, I :.1 18;1. ,y\, . ,:a, "~: m ~ 10m "DnDK _.~ II

pO"'-'S--'l[,~,"'ilioD-':- 0', f' t(;'h"e:-: 18' Ih"'ll!ll!p' b}y-:-:~ ,t'~h"'e< U',ae'-' o-If·" p:-- a: ri ...... ,11-,e-;~1 ·,j""d· jA'V';;U .. ··g·.·,

- .. ~ __ IIII !", ._" '_' •. __ L_l~_-';- _.' __ .; " ...... -JI:I,' '~'I_ ,',"~ ItII--.·~I,~ ... ~_:--_J,.

';'-c:-:·h·,·m· li!!!q·:-'u-;-le·1IllI1 Pa .. a'Ue···l' m~':-,:-~d" 'Av~'D'I' [ Gia a -.' sim p"'l-e'-' and '·m-·o·D·t'

LU··._~_,"· .. ' . ..:._::.ID~ . IQ,I.,Q. __ ,·,.,,·· ._._,:_.~~\ .',.-" ~I . " !_"'_:~,'> ' . .':.' '._ :., . ,1"']IgI'I._,

_ue· "c"'ii' II. -,~ -:-. -.'. . .'-·f·:·[ . ,,- .. - ,+i;,.:.[ . ':-~'II. :-1" :-:- ..... -,~,"_., .. ,Ii, .. , a' [ , .' hi'~" 'I [

t3..LI._ .::-1_: vie way 0·_ COD ... D,U"O'ul·Y mOlm.l!lonn., 8, S II I P I

. '. 0" ID'I"-·-a In .", . ......:: .... ad --,.(, te'I .. _. i". '.-"- . be .. "ed':-" .': 'I·' '1' .-. --',---;,' il~, I " ti-I~ :-.:--.

pr ·e,..::\8,B'1;I ._ .. r·es"'I,~.IC~-:· wa_ .. f.rIS~1 Ie D .. ~ 8· :" ,~n,Bn.y Sl.u}a I,OD.

'W" -·b:--'e··~a a ra . ..;1a.' eo 'D' spieuo .. ms 'na·"VI·'iill'n"ti·"o··' n m ··a:,,.ik-·--;-' Is av 'ail'''- a -h" '1-:-8'

.. :.__:.I.; .I..!~ :_'" :~D1U~A-~~-.··JI· '_'.,:: (_I',lY,·l I., 'g r, (._.::g._~.r._ - :___. "_ ~" _. ~al '''~.'.'',' ,,'' .. '_ ,;,:~_ :,I.~

(-;- -. d- -,t·,~., ,. . ' ..... --ti"" , . b- '-':- to ' ... '-, - ['"'to-· "'.- .- -., .... ~''''' I" d •• ,'~ 11, ,,- ,t' ·b··· ' .. hi .,-:- .-.- ,1(:-. [

ana 1_ rs praet CB-'e _-'_' momtor COD'~ulu!DU:8IY I·,e BI.· .. lp II

'ilg' II I till! to- . b '" et

~" :. " [' -"':'" - c',-" .~ -', y ... \ _:~:., (~-:-l~ ],.". " .~ e ':' ..•... - '-:- .'- .... "

pOBl",JO[D, r,eJII·~ve, .".1 BUle " ,R -~ .. IO··lle~~.:ii

~. C" - C' , !Ii bt Publi h.1 d b liil iii f th-

~I ':l"OWD 1.~:oP'yn.I···I:I:\I' r-rul~··Ji;B._"Je._ ,,~.:y ,-. erm.tS8101D 10::- :~I','!e

C··-:·- +-n:n····, ':'''f~ 'H~:" I M·'·-:'··:·!· ,·:h,it',·i S--·t·, til_.illil'-;···--'_'· .' .!e' Offi: '-:-':"1" -:,

_ OD .• J.-u~_,er o· . " 1.,_ er: "'.: ··8lesuJ S'" .a_ onery .,'.. ,ce'l1[

3- .__.

-

,~

Instruments r,e·~··q.; mAd, ,iii

. - _. . - - ._- .. - " " - ~. .,

'1- Re' . , "fi'::;-' '~I' '. ,-'1-' - ·u. - .

_ I!![ .' -:L _:,ec IL1,on p'_.'D .,tar

•

,2" C'hin!agr,ap,h. 'pencill(s') __ , recommended c,ololUZrsl ,gr,e en 'I .,bite and y·eD.ow 1(I'f onlV' ODe COllom' available use' solid, ·pleck[ed. or Idotted lines.)

13., Buller

Before~ pr10ceediDg farther;[ ,a mention of'the errorrs encountered. in radar - :sem:, whiCh w·oltd.d have serious consequences 'for a shi'pl 'using Pf if' tbe'y' w[er,e 'D,ot

co·:·:,~e'~:te<:"d'- a·n.lr'/:~'o· "r"'-:-, all'" '. 0···· ~ed:·,' ~o:;-r··· 'w-"h' '1';'8-D-'~ I,'e"ttil'll~-U" 'I'P':' .:', ·'-be· "P"I~':'- p:- -···,·-t·.·'

" i&!.! . .:__:·~ .to -. "'J l .. _~ u· _:d I :._/· 1.,- _ .IJ: 't.J .~ ! ~~. '. :1. .. ' __ ,' . - 'DI . ,;._:" ,I . 'J. -=.__" I., ,', ..

(') Th,e radu's over!all :perfoirmance

(ii) Cel" tring 'Error -- cap. be: co.rrected 'b;F T- Y plate: ,.bi'ft (iii), :Fiol1e.: and. aft liD.e~ lof radar Dot [coiDci,m_ ~-g \.' /·th Fior,e

BD- - - .d-'~~' . '. " e'~ oft"" IE!I;hi' '''P' _ ' .- ZSJL:I'-. L'" ut~, D\: ,.' .

(~ ,)::. H' - dinili k b!li al

lV'[ ~, e8J·_:.:'~__:~·.1 mar ·,er _~ eann.~" Ie '~ __ e 'lno,r

(-v:-.':'\ IG··yr·'''_'-IO:-.'1 'E··~rr- ~O-"''!P'

j •• / ."_ '_ "._ • ", .1,_ :" ~ _:J' ", ~

..

(:VJ'!I!I')'" ,J. -!-ili" h --ta .':1;:'''''8'- [~O-'!D e'~or'-

.. ' "I ~1Ul 1"".I .• d_:.'~: :'.'l.IIZi'~ .. 'i II ',.I.: .. '[~',,:

(vii) Elrsctro'mc Beari:Dg Inldilcaior' (EB'I)ID,des Error' (viii) V:ari!a I_ -Ie BaD.I,e Marklsr (VRM) lD..dlea 'EIRD'-

I(Ix) Parallax in, rletlectio:n plotter (adj'ust half~ailvered ,1l1irro:r in :plOiltter)1

(, .) E'bRur[e tbJat, iD, true~ mlo,'~~ OlD the IdisiPIa,y' is correctly'

Illo;gnld Ilta~.ilized,

·J:t> I'~IO' imoo '---"''nlt'' ,~,L[a--'~ ,,,~,- ebo ll'I'.D ,,'""t'~'QI_~1 a~ Ic·~h~ln~I~.,J' b'~'~o" ~

JI~~ .G .J"ll-Ifr·.···' 1iU.'11 •. ' ~I'!I_. l"- 1I.,~r!fe [Wi .:' -:. U'EI . I ·.~lif!lI1l1f. ~'. ,'- l~j ' .. ,' _·I_ .. ~ll~B'LIU . _r ... ~"II_.11 r~

,as:in6 PI~,

1,0'

.'

1

Radar consrdeneu B~' m ar"I'k"I~' ea ·D. be ~o-:iI'I.'n··,d·:.I'~

~.' _ ... r~l _l ••• rgyl.i~ _l " _:_:_:_ . .. .. ~.~ -J"~ • " • - I . U:(I II&: - I" _'.

(i) From pr'l·ri.OQ8 e·~ .. erien·e of'raldar'p,:lctureolf'the area til) 'Printed O'D ch,.rta,

(iii)1 B'y 1~,tud'yiDg the' likely' o'bjlect.·, OD, the chartbearblg 'in,

. ml'Dld ilhape, Size, a:-_,pect and m,ateri81

li.I" 't!Iiii.~' .. 16,1",_ '_ ,I

Pro;fi'ci:en.ey' ,,,,ho,uld' be IfJc,h,iev'lsa in, Is'traig:htforwGrtJ' cir,cum,stgnces b'efore IUB',tng PI in. mt]lfre d'iflic.'lult condi'ti'Q,n·s.

Ha',Yin,g Ic-om,pned, 'mth all the req uirements !or aeeuraey, w'e ICRD'DIQ'"," look, at. examp;lea olf 'PI.

" , ..

Sm ••

I /.

E'I.: lb ~"II'" 1 :.,

A

Fig,jO la

T· I.' .'. ,--' ...... ,.,. 'I' P'I" 'lin'''' .. - .., . .-.... .. . ) .. ·tt' I.. .

~_O 'COD:8:1d."'ue, a ,,', - ,~~~'_8' '0ft 'rleI~eCIll: 10jD p, O. ~.IJ8r'

Figure Is showa a sin"glle CQI'BrISe Bne .of a ves,selpr'!_-

- -_..:1,'::._ - .. fr"-" " A···· t' C'" -.~ - "..' f" 2""9-- O"'CI f~--···:\,;J.;_ ..... '1,1 5·

ce~Jlg rrom i.',· ':0 1._: O'D, ,B Claar,le 0,. "-:.::".' 1\~~rneJ 1110 pIRSS.

miles- off a :s,tatl,o;uary'" isolated, 'raldari co'Dspic:u,QUI 'tar,ge't~

Th' .. - - -'. .'litu-· . tiil! ,". tr·- - -'R' .~., -e" d' I ·t' . a p' '!P"I di · s", p111a" .,y,,- 'fj"lf'IlrJiiA

,e B,am,e 81:' Si ,.[ 'OD, "1'_D;81.erJ:,·: .... '0 . I , , .. ' . 1.1 '. :·I;-.:J - -a,I ..... ~

'l'-b- -,. "01' 'd '-'h' :. 't-'h-- . 40._, . -it,t-- ckin do ., . ' t· he imagin -' •.. a-;-'I"'I7.·

. , ..... , WO~'" .1 .... , 8, ,_,'OW . .• e lLrtLr:ge., ,rae,;·' _" g .. own I ,~. ~e Imp.<·" .,' ! • ..• .,/.

D'De ABC parallel to thre course Iine if' the: vessel

. ' .. ' ,. t' .. 'Ii. - ,- ell h' .... ,. '-'.' '. "1 .~, I' -. :,j"D'"

m81n ,alB,e._; _' ,I ,ier course ,_. e'l)

.'

Re~e""r' to'· fi~'~cnil~-;"-:- a· " ,J Ib: Fri'~"~" .-;'. 'p" ·",,!I!ti"l!- .. - ,& Ii~,~' ..

11-, '.' ·a ..... ,8S. I. I BDlu , ~," -~, .10m ,I :011, .Ion Eat .Il.q§,UJ.re _i.:.

bta i' b ii' d f' t~ t Th' - 'ill . 'I' 4,' _Oii _, . ...:I <!I1ift,

O_'dD a ,: :'eanDl Q"_; range 01"1,,',08 tarleJ~·. '-~'111s rouna iW'

'b' '. 3:" ·"17DI (·lf11-...0ii1"")·· 11 0'" mil' '''', , - -:- '1" I r b -,~-- . 'd-I --. -. -I" .- ....

. e ~,'. 1-.l.,I:·ILle,~:1 x ' ,_._,;1 l IIBa'iI! : I;. e .~e8l1Dg an ,BDle aria

-,-. :',W' -:. dr'" " .. '~:- .. , " ",. 'th'': ·1···· ,-",.a-·'""'"'til~·· ..... ). ~ ..... - ;-- .:-.i!!i,. 1:--' .;-. ~I·,,·,.:·II- .:, ,. ',:,-. " "'-h",

D,O ,'.' ... ,awn on I .. e r8uac ,lOiD p, Oll;~- J .. S .. I g a VJ1l.UJa ... ap. .

. . '. - ... -~ . . - _. '.. . ." ~_. ' '-,' .. _.." ., ~ , . . - _~-'_ B6' -, -

(D"Pe as e)' 'p; encil. fro' "m the 10e:DI .j' ~.- 10' :'f' th,:e··, pp •... 1 . ,"'VID' ~c.~ ,g" '1'11·1iI p,lDm·,

JIII'·' .. - 0: ' ,-'.... , .'. - '._. - . 1kI!a,_ - _ . _., ,iDi"" c. gg,., ,

g-! '11.. . A·.·· 'fig"_-' -, -. - - b' iTh'" , o. th: ·ods·· I' . .- (f" 'I' ",. II .. . fl''-' 'ib: I '.- be . <Ii' , ',. ",

. ,on" .... '\-, -'-.::: . ore' I " ,. I·· I lle~' 1'- . a"·" ., " ... " ·1 '0' I' a· ''lnlPliID' 0'" . e·l . ·,-_;i!Jj"I"I'lIU

. - - - -!'I -".. '-,'I!I_ I. ~ •. ",_:_'. __:'::__.~.:_ '. -," ""fJ'~[8 ' .. -.'.' '",' '-,,' ~-~II

,'hl ( _) 'Me,_L iii __ '1 beari . (b-' 'E- BT' ..

am: _ ··ly',B.:1 ".I·~·tai,aD1CIU _,:eBDDg 'Cm:IOI~1 'aT .I._;)I ,'·,'1 ~.~ ,_,

re'm~mb'er;iul to cbleck, 'the 'EB 'fiEat for lDdex ' '<ROJ;'. The method 'of lavina loff' theI1Q1'n',.a-::-' 'I·'~ bv 'me-:-,DI"M a of ~I,..;.e·'" 'VItM I-

. r-·,··'bl .. A .~,~ "'~:,'~to'."·'·-b'-~'~~~' th·"~VRM·,·"-,·',a z .-In:.··.~d'~- .. ~,'E· _.:.u ... ,,, -' ."~ i re:m,em '-arID,1 :-: leL avA, ,:. e' , .','. ,!,Ior·· ~I( .ex ~rr" '.'

'Wb·· .: ... ', . th·,,·· .' '\.,.,.1;, ,'.' . ,t, ..... 'i!'tiIiL . '. A·' !II- J:U"'II'PA 1('( "')'" th·· ,I 'e' ec"'-'-h-'o

. ',': ,en,' :'~ ,e IB,rup 18 BJ- P'OIl, - Ion _,',··m u"~,,u c_, .. ,R_, t,:~,.·.,' , ,.J'

wi} a:I'p:' pear at 'p' .ositiDD A, in 'fia'11~e 1(b-'; ".).... and when at

__ .•• ,'. ,. _l_ ... ~ -',_ -.,' '] I" ,.J __ • -', " •• _' .. _ __::_:__-' . L.-" _'. • :_ " 'iD11MI&:·.,' '.'. . .~._ _ _ ( '. - I •.

II

- aBe) --

Qa'liJ!' , -" '11' .... " ... 1 -, -~. , 1IiP-.,_!li_~, '

F'~. . _. 1.&IUI .. - ~ . I!!r_",, __

U'~ewise from pOJdtio'D B rOD thechart, a bearing and

,~- '-;- t. - ,',-- ,--:_- ,-, ,1,=-..'" _ '- __ _:' , •• ,', I' ":'-~:-"~-'b'::-'-'~ -~ I'd:' Tb~ --',~, ~;~-O'~-'2J~:O-:o -(":-Tru,' ,.-' ,,)~-' '.,,' '5--'2~-

range of the tiB,rget are obtamed. ,1,,'1,91 Ill, ,',r-: ",_,e,][ ,-,.",

miles Positic ,-' Bi '- ", ,-, ' iowbeconstr ''_U,~-d'-IO'''D'' -th---I'IO'-r-\B'fI';',e"'A~I~'n'ml,IB8" __:_ OIJ,lldOn, ,Ica,n now _e ~,: ,JljAQ' ,,': l;W" , _ ' ,'-_~;, ,~ '--,l..!Jbl,g _ ___j

,-:-,' " "._t'-~,-"" ;' ,,' "" " r ' ~"t'-,-:ti~'Ii",,,,, Ie' ',I 0'-'7-:-"4: '0 ('-' "" oe-' ")-'" Y 8':" 8':','1 m 'l!li-le~iia, ,w," ':e:', no 'W.,---,-, P, __ ,O', ,Iller,. ,al, Q,an, POIS.I,on "',J : i I - t, -"',, ;A.,~" ,_- ',-'g~ - _' I' '._'",_

have 'poi'n·ts, A" B and Ie on the reflection ~l'o,ttelr and Wb,S'D,

th 'Ii! Ii d th di ti" £' '-b 'II II!

__ iese pOlD,·ts are lIOI.D.e·.···· UP:.",- ::e .•. Ilrec~~o,n '0.:-: '~,' e nne

b .! d l!!"-n- b h th '1"!Ii 2'9- 0- 0.

ot'alne'< 'WI I. be t;.",e same ,as, the course nne, t.e, ",':."

(T )' If'th' 'II ii[ , -"b 'b b iii and -- , , t

'~me:,~ _I~ :1_ ::181,9 not lBO,,! 't) I,e~n t :~'Ie' :,Iean'~g 8:D,: . ranges must

be' , re-checked In -,' order .'0-:-'1 elimin ,a,'tei:'- t-;: ie error w'::bi! ueh has

',_,' '~"',,:-, ,._I~ ,'_:._, -',' - " ,,_: .[U",,· L;I.,:.: ":,' ",UJLlL_· " __ , __ , - ._ _ __ ,,' _ a

d t"-h h til

", ... ~~ '~'I I'j .~. ~._. . 1 1'- I-~-'·,'ll '~t~:~ ~-"-",.' ;.·I·:~·.·! 1- : ', .. ," r •

ace . rre ~ , _ _:~lrOug,· lD,aCCUl,aCY!li'

W'"":,-, '" ,-. ha ,- - P"I'- line . t"h:' nlotter and .

'.~. se DOW nave a ,,'.' nne on me P UIII-.:_r BD SII[

" ". ' ,'. -'" "J. . ~,-, ......:: .. - .:- d ·if' "-, tli" ,," "h-:-'!'p" 'k' ' --;"Ia. to 'h:' le'-"r" ch iarted

pl1e~VlOUS ,y m.len,LII.,IOD.le;~_",.1 , ~.·!e 8,'_1_:-' .. 'eelh~':'. C -,_ .' • ,'~J.-ti;· .:__>

tra,ck" the! echo of' the' target will klee'pl to"th,e lin,e' A'BC and

', ... r~,·' .- " -. - ,- . !IIi ti' ill! , ',-, t,·, " '" ,,' -'titil- .•. , ,,--. ·Ii . I nonitor th e sh .!p-"B

we ,are In a PO:91 .: ,on _JO C,O.D. _: .n,ODU8, y m,l.··,·, l.t;or -"" . ',' I.~:_ gl

'plr":o:g','r··A!i3II~ along its eh arted .. I- course,

'.1 ',_ .. 1 •• ~gg r .,' •.••• , '_ ~_ ~ g .", ... ,,_. _.' _ I '.,' ' .• ",' _ & i '. I~

, ..

'1- h uld b oIi" d ttb'll oil t' "'h t ,. p"IT d· t

. ,t s '~~O~~_; be state , a '~' :1,81 perm '11!C~' a r using ",,1,.&, I~OieB ,no ':'

Ii - h 0-' n'w·' fro·' h it bli ti' f~' -"=_ .. !' t'h 1"

J:;e le·ve t, e I, '-Vl_ ," ,! trom , ' 'r'J..S, lOI,:1ga,~,lon !O~~:iuuDg , -' :"e 've',IiISte 1,8

'p"osition on ,the chart 'b'y,,,~ other means e i·' visu,al fixes

,:",':", ",' ',,," ',," I~i ,-" ,',I I,,:~ ',:: .,_"_,,,:,t "'/_:.' '_, ,"_"," ",,' __ ,,_1_ ",., ,'I!' . ' _, - , ,',

na'Vl' g"'S' ti'Q:n'a-1 ,g,'l,d' a[ e"="t, 'c"-

I"" " I[ ,_ •. :. '9 _, .. ','- . ,_' Q...L .. 11i:I, . 'I .... '-I!!!!

'In 1 " - fi'-; . ,-: ' '2\!' ,·~,th', -, ,th ' " IL,::, ''''a.....li!· , . 1 -.- .-&."L, th- ;1 '-, , " ,.,!II' ·t ,J}

._.', ,: __ JDDBJ<-" WI!,,~ I._,,_~,e .wp Bl~il, ~'I DIOIJl'"WI"r,II' POlD_ OJ.

!Ii te b ul' d tr 'k d . ~ d 1iD1[ 'I' tbl dbl' eati~

- -', .t ') ~ " _ .- . ).-----:- (". "1' ;. . .'. " " :' ~ .. ' " " '.' 'I r . • _ ,- - ~ . ~ ,: • ~"" -.] 1:::- -, , ' I ~ _ _ ~'-- - .,~ ... I' ';1'·

mos lB'~O,~~_, ,,,_BC,,'OWD, __ emlexL~~_Ilm,.,1 ,,[lOD,

of" "1.18--;' S' ""I!IIP-ft'W- 1 'I,t n,DI" -, 'b: ,." ,"Will, .... :L. ,a4io a·'t 'po",_,.t;i: ~ n'n, ".:, 1~!IIt- la! d', O·i;wf!l' BU" '

_:___: 1JU.".'.,.v' .. ,. IJ.-,~', :,,~,-~~",IIaIi!DII#, _I ,'_:,JgII. ,I,IV&& I',,' .i~-._, ,.I~., __

b- t " t·- ,- " "Ii,' 1IiI", , "b' 'tb·,~,-· ,- -', '·h h , I • .'" th,· "''"-, ,-'k-I"" .-' - d II< - ..

Uf' a ~ ,pOS,I_,_:'DD "',-1.8 eeno nas ".:' ,', 'I_!_e U"lac: ,:, RD III D'OiW

,11 .: Ii Ii! _JI '-k I£L 1:_. d' .&.L '

IC,,;D~I.r' tol . ['I.Ii •. II .. ··.p" lao ID IO:iuer[ to me, ·.Ie~ Iwl::WJ,e S.D: [ twe~ echo

c,~-n-iid,',i,e- th·",-, ··bi! ,'!!!':-" 'm-' "'1' ." ... --.".~ .~"., ".,,' ._ ;tar·.··· L·,o-,--...::il ,&'L,

---=-OlDw. __ .• ':, I~_:_e s· ,p .' ,," .11' .. ~ I"'~ ,courle ILU S .. ·. _ _:~,U =.'Il,p;l!",lW.Ie

amlo·-:-Ijfll.,'t,l o""f:t'h""·"'a1;-' te'-:: ati'iio'''''-'' '-;:"'diDI'U' ',':,' - th,'1 .'" -"·:"-!l'!!!--'·

,&_Iu.u.~ ,~,[,_ ~'" e.··· " .t': ... ',.' I.' e,pen, .... _1' _ ,POD . ~~ie p,nv.' 1U!i:8'

Iill " '11 I,:L '1 tb· aI- "" th' - iii Id' th·-

8J,~:Ba~oiD - ,",alarglft . ,,'e <tarBtiIOD "_':.!' e more Iq:W.Ct\I_;y ,~ I - ,Ii

'liD" d th' h-:- will~ , 'th -'

',-;-'8-: an-·· . ,.:. ;,: '118' " ec" -' ,'- 10" 1 ," ,I RAm" e" to:-''''lg.:l~l -. e"'r~'

,_"':' ~ .. ". _: . .' -.,". I I.., . .. . I~"" ... _I.. " ,I ,- ~i . ~ ~ _ 1_

-'

i'

INI

IN

.'

,

s

Pi' 4:: fl· ,~,

A.ctioD 'to be take'D, w:he:n e'cho d:epa,rts £ro'm. I 'Idex. 'Li'n,e

Wbe'n the, 81hi'p dlevia'tes fro:m its, ,charted -tra,ck fC1'r any rea~(m {coilisiona~oid.an~,leeway, set), "th~ -ech~ vdll leav'e the in.dmdn,g lin,s B'D,d, ,an .alter,atio·D, o'f courS'B will 'b'e required, ,to Ico'uDteTact 'this, th·u;s b,ringin\g' thlB v'~Bsel b,aic~ onto its t,r,a,ck'~l 'When, in,d,exin,g' 'with,o'ut ·the laid o,f vis,ual naviga'tion, ,th,'e Iq'u,es;tio'n a:n,sles 'Whlch, w~y Ido .-' ,a,l:te'r?,1

This q,u'Bistio'n, re,B'o)'ves :itself m:ore ~ea,dily' lOB sC?lm,e 'h·e ,B,din, g,B, ·th,an othe,rs.Let",SI lOlok ,a:t the '{rOUlJ ICapdinal

pOl'·'nt h' 'e' 'ad.'-)·n- 'g" 'S' '.

,_,,'.,_:, ' _, " , ',., _.1 ~, ',:. ',,'" ""~"'_''''::'Ii'

Co'urs,e ,_ No'r'th

N

Fj' 5

g, •. _"

S"-:""ril-' . ~.o

"U!II'I!I III c,#u

!L

C'o,'''''-s'-e-:'l ~ E,·-a~·8~·t-~ InI:1 'I 'fi' '0"1I1I":e~: ,3;','111 O"D::'I lan·.···~ O""'J90' .··.~"o C.::Jo·-jl~'lHJe''''':,· ,t'-·h"e,:,""",-~::Lo:1 'h· . ,~~,'--~, " 'ff'·:,·th":[-lin-'~-- ':,-e'--t-,· ·····'-·,:;;·,ti·; ~·~···":b··'-: ~~ -, ,-,'"I~gl '"" g~o':-" '", " .. Ial c,omls: 10 _, :__ :_1,e:,I_e. a. pOr,SI, -' I ,OlD, :__ J 1 .. le. vessel. _-~aB !:' ,. -e

,f!,.,· ...... l.,'""'J ,:-; W8' "-;--:- 4, ",: ",[~[, -t"· ",,"f"," ,""1.' ,4,.,,,", -:-' -:-t " an·' .' -'ilte-'~»a·, .. ti·II!O""·"D of";-','_'

. ,w;wrer a "~'. ,Y uDm, pom.~, Ou m,lw~e81 ';Ie 80 ' .', UJ".:lI.,' - ,- .I:__. : .. 1_. I.

, "b ard'- liil '!it d b ill lb"

CQ!ur-I"-s··e' ,to: 1"'1"'-1-1' OI'~""·'I·-'·' '11"" • .a,nll'l'lI·'8-·J·:' ~o l"nn-':--'~"IID' 'Vt8s-;:·u'e···· ; 'Bel .. O'D

,', "_-, .'. '., • r" •.• i!~ ..... : .. 1. ':.:' ~: .... , r&~J~.III&.~ilil\ ',.' ',~I ~' •• , : [' ~.' .' ~(_! ._:. -.g ",,_ I··.·!'" ", '.1 •

co"'''III1I'·s'e

' .Iu,a;.i>~!i

Fi 2_"

g' i:.: ......... Ii ,-

C""",--, ,," [8- ' .. 'i'l " 'In-' , - fi-:"'-':' c- .' J,ti --', .. ' 1801"';01 "', . ,,-,,- 'tb"'[ /:, "--,,, ' "c', '

oorise _, ', .. OU .. ·I , ',I.. .1,gUle .'i Qin II" ,:".-. 'C'OUlrlBe, ,l:,e '8C-0

left, the! lillB' iat 'b' SJO 'v,esBel is 1_001 loia',.e to pomt[ of' interest

" d' , - .-lte, , ' "ti'''·;' ' "of·:-' , l· to'-· ....... \;iJII!I;,."""L. ard-" ' 'wilIlIIii- b· '. - l'If'll4.-,...:I1

an :. L an IoU, I ,··,lI8, ·on I : .:. ICO,iitl'flil'Sc. e, . :' '. .11dU.~IUO" ".. . ' ..... , e ~:uU,eu.~

.tibi,l!i -[m't-D'-"-S' ,,' ti-:ilro'n- ~D'_ "m'" 'IS' ,~'m' ~e' 'B"~' C8,-",, D' ··.:ae: ,iliCii' p--'I~~:'l'IIi£lm. 'n -:~[' ,,co' :-.';r,-, a':' ·D-'-' e'·IIIJl~,. 'i'i"i,a',~~

. I" ~ _·a ~i& , .... ' ._. . .~"._ I g ... _ I . ".··.;M ..... .', -,' .'. JEII-.'.\D :_ &'UIU. ··Ul . ,~g. l.'~"" l '_::_- _'f, ,,;-"_ l~g-.iiAIl

of PI, ,technique.

1-4·

'15

IC·· - " .... - .' '. _ a:r~, .. ·In···· C,iIi'iif!'iI;'I!-.a ·6' ',,', ' . ;- IQ~'O'; '01:;-.. -.,'" 'th··· .;-' .\...:;., " ....

.. '. narBe 'n leJBI~ ,;. , &&I§ IMI,.g , '" DD '& ,Q,'., course, lie 8CnO ,BIi'

''L'' tn ·"Idj'. '-Ina" ~,ft:a th·I:··s· '. ''!I''e~·.'B-:'e::1 ;1£1 n-1Io·····'w,·' i':"'''o,· "Br'--:-'" 4om-;··· .'. th·:·, Ie' p,:.~B!,·ri·'ft't- o~,f·:-:

:u _, __ , _ ~. ,~ '-. --~g , .. ... ,,1. __ . a - ... ~, r.u:F . - . :_. t. 114I_..Ij" ~U!·' ,_1, 1 ,."_ •• '-: •• :._ ~L&..&. _ '. I,

·iIi ""_,,, al"~ of-' - rt ·ii' • ell

m·:...cir8SIIi i910 a· ·'D··· ';' 'ter',al'ti: O,~D:' 1_:.···, c.o::'1'1~e··., ·tol.'·. 'p-.;'''Q.' .:.'1 .. , 18-':·' ~eq' : "'1ii~ ' .. 'iii

_ .. __ _ .~ ~ .• ~ _ _' I ' _. _. ~g . . I . _ ,. U&.&I .. _

'It ean be seen, from th.e, ,4: examplfls OD ·thle~, previous 'po 'a~e' . th: at." ·th' 'j , . e a'lte· rati- 'it en n 'f' O'iiilill_S'" bv' th - abl"'p- -. ';'a m'''' .- . ch a

.'·Be L IIQ.. :' .':' I .. :. : ". ".: - "i I~O_:_: . ~:. ~ 'IC,~ u..a~ ~ .. e·: (.,:- .:. 'e' PI' .. : : ': ,$ • .. ~ I. BU~I -, .'.

,.3~'-'--' .g". ,,!!I , .-.f -. t···-: .: ,.._, ;.,. . ~ b .. ·'.· [~, aL.·, Ii . 'dJ ., ..iIi, .- ,.1 '11..::; :, to··· ". th·· .,;r"";'·h" .

IUJ.J::aCJ. on alB ... 0 aJ!lWays, I. _nne 1.411,e m_:leXlD,g ,WIlle' .1. .·8 ~ IIO~

If thi-· .. !IILS· - IJ'nnil! .;w;1' -Ie' -Iii! a .- . 'm' em' b-· ._._ .. ..3 t-t.:e al .... ·ii"i,1iIIIia;- "";;on f' - -. 'till'-S .

__ " .:_. .' _, .• , .. I .,v":'P,__: -..' :113 rei' . .._:_ .... B'.I.'tKl., .. ~~., " .. ~M;;:.Il./. :)lwL :'1 19J : G'·' La&.i _ e;,

!llal'l h' th' I 'h_~ld··

espeCl:~:' y W.· len on a sorr ' ... J.er_,'y' coatse B' 0,"1.. ~8l:B·e' DO

. . . b 'ta· - ,!Ii... th ~ .... , .- iii' d-;- (!eL~._ An ... l~"" £;;.,-&,:1..., ~

I~ u:.:~· ,I In ''',8 users, 'DDDi., I.oea ,,"~nlex. ror ,l.UJ:lAl.sr

examples),

N.lJ··· A" lui It'VB" b-, - ~'n'6 t- k' s: - . .:1. . l~~· .... t.. ,t··h· . .... ..,1.. ...... 'c.',' '_'Y~I tmngtne tnaex une to tne eeno

M· "o"r"e'-" t!"h·.' D' .' ·c···.' t , " '-. e':: , ~;! •... ··,··u······ - .. -"1-"", ·tt··· '~'. -

~ . ['.. _ . '. '_: I', one· 'I:O'DrS,: on, re~, •. ec,] ... ,OB p, ·0 _:'I_ er

'U" ., .. to ' ..... '. .. "'. ha .. d .-'. 'It- . ~'t··h''''· ~'t·· ,. ··ti,!ll·-· bl -.. . . ',_'1. - . . .

. . p D'OW we,· :_8v,e '. as . '. Wl .. -~· a Bl iD,a._.·[on w,--,,--.ere· D:w.y lone

co'gr' rse 'liI!li£!Il d'~ . - wn-" .. tb!:l.·· ,._.£1.. ti-_'I'.... Le· t-' '. 'I' . , . "0' , -.- -.- '"'d·' .. ',

_ 1.1; .. :g .,.r,a,'·.:·.' .. :" on -:_:e reu1eCI .. ' ,OID:t! UB, n_._ W COIlBI, er

m10re than 0'n8 c'ourle on tRiS Icb..ari., ,BS ls:b.own in fi,gtlfe 6;;

N

_I

. 'I iCOfi

C if-,No" Ilc1,

t .1

®

.

.

.

0 " '2 '3
-: .... - .
1
I , , [I'
mn .-. S:~ip 'ia 's,te'am'i'ng ·from. A ,to D via p,oio:ts B an.d Ie and· '\¥ishes ·to mO'nitJ1r her progresI8 al.O'llg th1e cbarted.lin,es.~

'TID COD!stmct· in,d,exing lines OlD. thle 'reftectiloD pllotter',

)[6

b- 8-;1;0"-'W\iD, ., hi' i~'P 'o....l'·:-el·; c-'& 'A'· ,'I . , ..... -""Ah:- .. , .-, . ..::1, ". -, .,'. N': . 'db" ... ':-)-~. . .'. rl.~JL'g II ..... I u.&.&& v.··· ,a. '.". IIVR;H.1' . r, .. ar, OD~ .. : 0·1, • r, up,. Q'V'I\n

. _ _ . __ . _,- ~. _. " _ '" I,. _ _ I _..' _ • _. • I • "".! [I I_I . - , • ,1.. .':p1 ''''i'U!'~

s.:ab",ilized···· ,-, Q: 'mil' .'ii'·1 \8"1 .'. BD- "11D" :-- .... 11,.. ·th·,!· e" B';' ·JJiL ~D . Deed'" '·1· 'Jr.~

iii_' ": ... ' .. ,.1 - 0-". ~. '_:, ." -E, . "'~ee, OBlY ,··I1~II· ·CB . ill .. ··· Da:

...... 1i1ji ... ·j-;·d,'· 'U' p, .. C·'h:-:·ec· :1"",IVRM··:" -,'.,., ...... 0: .. '111 'd,ls"'" .... ,. , - 1'""'IfL·,-,·' .... E····'BI·'· ·U·:··,:, .,.,,-,..3

,,;UJL;U.· ! ,I,' •... :", "" . .:.:. . .. )1 .LI, \& In Ij . .,lenor. "~,,,,,,::~ ,-." .. , US"""

for iDd1eX lerror.. Cheek Ic~tre o,f PPI~, We hav,s: ~ahead;y' 'Pi • n.bd 0 ... 'the '~~'ari tb~- le~ 1 h earl Bgal and -< .~_IB:Qia 0" f-'p: oin l+On._

" ~ •• 1', _L .••• UDr -I._'ll . ' .. ,I • _-. ,"' :. __ JliI,' _., __ . [~C~DJ~I '," " _ '~i"-'" ,.IGI.~

'B' .'1 C·· '., an: -. d DI to £L~. 'PI "o:;'m''', i .'£'_, of mW . ''r·-'''e·s·t·- Th' Ie' . ,rae' lal~,· ,.A:. O:"R5-)O

I .. J .: .. :.,_: _' .... '- ,WJ.I:i ,',1._...: ·,1""1' ~~...::[I,C,I.' .. , .. _IiI' g .. g,,&..~ .... A. ~.·u .. ..:r

(-True)". 'X ,4· 4' mDe- B B 8;;'4.2.:-:.01 I('''r'-!r''~)' ~ 4'-' 10'-:'1,_':118, 8' 10': O'.AI'g.:- '01

j'Trllre', .)< . '.' n~ 0 ,_,:l .. ·;~· D':~ 2······00·'~·~,QII(·::_":'·.:), ... , .... t S· .. ·'iUU1 ·~mil' -',;- - ...• , ,,6Pl'~' ',t-

\. . I ... x ~.u ~es.. . 'i!J!' ~-' ~_. -, ,.L ,.-.e:; ,;Z .-'1... - ,::. I ,eB~ ".0,'

PO- im'till DDS A and B" . to th'l ft··· ,_,-.;I..i 1 Un... d-"··

;'g'';. ,J (~');" s . ~.~ +~ . _' IOD_I' .. '~~ ae re'_~ ,C(;",OD 'p&O~.·,,*a; ane LJOm

'&:'L, eft Th' I!_'" Ill.. th h ul b' '&:L.

NJe'm U.rl., ' ... e~Blle,JOlnlDg ·~·-Ie.m B' 10' I,~_ .:,e,·;we;~a'me as our

Ichlarted- CODEse line, La!li ,071 0 ~ Nlext p-1lot [on PO"aitio'D C, Jl~IDm

.-;~... .. '.- - -. . ,-.:'- ~ .. _ .. ~ - .. ' - '~'- .. , . :~ ... ~. """ .. '. Iii'- ".... ',"'- .. _: :....-,.

~IC ~d we shlo[uld .get 0,15IQ1., Then, plot Ion p081ti1on ,DI BD'~ ' ..

join, C,D 'which, should ,give us a ,course lof 3:28°,11

'D....,_l'ilil· :ilil --d ,0, m".._'I.._:_,-

,,Ii,II;U:UU_- e,l,_ IIDI - - -, eaag &,I~tlU~llea

m!" - "_'''''-ie'B'-4. ~~:II- ~ac· -k-''-, d 10' ft;fti'I 0" thelli",D--1Ie AB··' -, ; :1 'l'aJL.en the nointla~'f:""

,~,.I.,I" ,!" WrU-~ ItrlU!!. ~ . . . ." .JlAI -'.~ _ _'~"J •• - ._. - _.,.: ill on' J.ll". J "_ [P', _ ... ' - r J

,111\ ,,~te-'-: -- - I t, ,'Ii',., 't- i_ ' .', -' rII;,'_ t, , B' -: ,tb',- '1- iI~p.e" 1--:- -) :m' "08- ,~ "'", b'e a- t- cb' _Irt-· p~,,- --~ti,,~,o" "n ID :reS_I,I'I'IB.'p-Dm,,~-1 ~.: '''I~,_,s,s.e,~,,'-'I.',_'' ;I_-,'_~'g· -,,0111,_, ,_'

r'B"1 - . 'I< 'te·-dtoO--:Socrru' --- ·)-", .. --.,···_th'I- __ . ,rii\-&of';

- I',· - SO lC~' 'lI,'II"IEI,.I:ii: 18 ,8-- ..~' ~~',',: I ,,1- ,,- [ , .' '- ,8, ICaU8:lDgc:: ,', '! :-' 'I,e p' · om,1j r ~

• - _. I •• • I~ Igr,~ LI~' • - • '.' - _.... • ..... ; I ._ (," _, - _. - - _ _'.' '.' _ _

,"- -'£_--_"., ,t to 'tr''-- . -'-t' d·' . -,.!, -, '. 'BC""" -- .c,til'~ 10':-:' ,ill .. --- __ , '-bed I __ .: , .• bl .

m,u:; ,IS I~-:_ ~-,alc ·,_:·_:OWD," .'-, , r, •. ,,' un, ,~- ,: ,liB reac"",~-<~_: Wt_:eD

10-:<0--I'It\'i""''-1 ,,"_..1111 :b"'·- -I al-te'I"-;--';'--""d~ to-~'" 8-'<2'--:-8,0 ("Tru'1 ._ - ' ,;:,1)'

:_,' UApDe 'WUI, __ e ,_., ~~re,:,_: ',"'~'., ,'. . . e,'.

Two ran.gleB used on th,e reO,ection pllotte:rl

!Taking' the previouB exam:p -:e, where tble: 'raldar range: i8 at 6 miles:, it migh,tl be desirab Ie 't,o mduQ,e thls'rangle IBc:.ale.'m use 8:S the; vessel !8,pproache. itB closest poin:t to the 'Ea,dar Ico'DBlpicn,OllB lobjIe et, (-:.-ea fipre 18 )

Wh,e,D the echo reaches pO!B,itiIDD Bl., sellBct, the, 3 ',1rr.illel range seale,

Ensar.e that you mari: each. indexing' 'track with the app~priater(J1&8e '~c~k ~-b~ us~ ; . ....., ,.,--

' •

. ,[ ,

'Fi~ 8'

! ' ..

. -,",_"g'!!I1 _:

:118

,All~wiDl~lor 'Maaoea:wrin,· ',' ICb, ... cteri, :,'1' "1:\8 _I Wh,lee!~_, IOlva,__:, p.Gsition l(r,e~fe,rriDg tOr Ii,pre 81)

Wb. - ': I.; .bi,p ,alta.r,B ICO_Be Will' mowth~t all ';!I- -" ,,~taD',taDe01ll !al',tua'tioD [caD1Dot] be laebi,eVied. Ifu'o a f_ I~-wance ,~'~I 'mad[e.-for

ID,'~ 'Ye"'lE!Ia;a-]'s' m:---ID'DI'oe-iDV'!'mOl' c'b,a.n, .... -I-n~'atili·IAal 'Vio--:-u wiIl,c'll ,- ,,Ii!:'-d:'

"'1'111'.-1. _ -,g",_,g" ',IUc _: _:, - ,~, _ J '" _ '- .. I, ,,~ .... ,r~I~. 'I ig -~""g, ~'" . ,', '.- I .l1li, .

'wh!8n the radar CO'DI,-,icuoua objl8C'_, fls.chell 'posi:lioDB 81 land Ie, and, the alteEatioDI[ olfl,c.olurse arelDalde, the ee.b1ol [will track, loll th,e a'ppropnBte inde'xing IinIBBI :BC :8D~d IC,'DI. lD ordl. 'th,ae~ore 'toi achieve maxim'u'm ,.,ecar,acy I, .• '-8D

usin,11 paraD,el indexing th,e R evant whleel oyerpolf~tioD mustl 'be calc~lIted andma :ked _pO'D, the'~' .. :i1eeti!oID, plotter,

(8ee~' '.l:lu~e-;-' 8'~'a' ). -

-_' .J [~._·.l. - ,_',_ ',-. )~ ... Iil

6 _,,, --,- 'R,S- 'I -.

j I J - •

IlftlJ,' ,I!'

,il'i!will. II m . - . ...:\ w~"" • '1!I!Iit!;l1

+

... .1- I,J .utl

Id,el)tifi[c;a:tioD, o'f Be ,eV'RD' Nav.igati~"·Dal Mar;ks (refer to fi,llIr'B r~)

In order to id,en,tif~ relevant navigational marks, b[u,o'ys" bearings, etc, which, are in the vicinity' of intend;ed track" in1dexing"" can, 'be, taklen a staga furtb,ler' 'b:y indi~atiDg ,th,~:

, ,.' ,', i!!' - .. ~J..:: .. ,.. . ill 'm'" ,'. ',' k,',: o""'n th e' Indexin tI, 1i: ..... O,D 'O'n th '1 I'e,·

naviganonar . ar,~s; I." • I."' _ 1 ,,~' ,JL.LI,!_~. _~ ..... '., :& ,1llI,~Q.:',,· .' ..•.

reflection plotter'~1 E.;g" in, 'tb.,e example ']rIO'U. m,u~Bt, pass Nro. 2 Buoy to port and No,. 1 Bueyto SJtarboaT[d (see -:fi,gure IBb)w Whlen 'the radar conspicuous ,obj:eet,is on 'th,ein,d,exing liD:e at position X, No, 2~Buo'y will he abeam '00 'plolt, and at position ICN'lo~ 1. Buoy will be abeam to starboard,

alif·.t~' 'il I 1;,ilI 11 ~rrv&1

I

-=1--'

•

bIMl'11/3.UCIi

'F·' B'b :-ig,", ,':1"

...

'S _ ."

+

, "I n "11-

,nU a . .i:;;rniU

'Fi' ::;-ii_ ,8:."'".g~ I C

'In'- .1,,411 . ·~'-d 'U'a-:- -1m'.· _'., ·f: 'S·· ... ,,~I ... ,.._, (:,., ,a. , - ''_', 'ft.·· d"l1'IP'A 8: ,I'), " , .... l,caI.D.Ia, ,.l\Q,' :r., .... , IO~, , .. IBl.JeS!,~, Ire,I,[e'r .01 .I~"'" I .... [i

On thl_.- ii. 'h-'_",II'-h ' " -~t" ..... ,·lld b d" ,.. ,·to· alI'" · 'th·,-, '.' '., l ,e e~I__W~.: ." ·O'WD 1', WID'ILU ,~,.e I" :a'D;gerous, ,.:1 1~ I ,lOW ' ,~e'

vee, S·,DQ11 to s- et - to- "'0', ,I!j.a'·'~ to ',' th'::· e n<jig·,~·t'" ID"'n""" th·_' ;' e"-IO',' I' ,5':'liOl (',"Trg" I-:-'Ie::')':' e IO'"'1I!'\s~e'l

. ~'., IQ~J _." I .. '> 1 ., £~.:& __ ' _1" .:. ( ,::111 . 1 __ 1. ' .. 1"" .'. .': _.': -' I' ':'. ',:', ',II.iL&,[·,' .

'to",·,-,,· "'d",' 'tho 'c' dT -(:-.;-;,r'·"'1 '" ,,·"JI .... Tbl" .. _ ...... z,', " th'''1 .. ··1 B'·l 0"<)).'1

.' wa~~_Bi __ ",e ' anger.OUB l\1T,[eC,L ' .. ~I_leu:a,Orre I~,e ,- '-:' on

'th,e cnar't 'rm,gb:t "be, Iconsild,e!red W,e limit se!t :fo"f BDY

d( ,; .. ',"';';:: ",,' ;J" th-',-·--··" " ":1'.: h',J.;· Th'I' '-, II! , '1.!,~, 'II " ..... ",l'd"'-l bs ,~-" ,~, . -ed" .. ', to ',th"·, (,

I e'Vlaw.1on IliD -, Ie rlK'- _1"!iJ, _ ,IS n.ue, C.OIIW, , ,e [w;:RnSLIUlr· . . .. _ .. ' "e

're·/~t1'1.e;-;:c'ti· ··[OiD· .,' p'll o·,,·tte'''>"~'' 'thr.-'~., &;-,1 m'!iJ':;-"ldj' ,'" iI!'IIIa, +,i .... to:'- 1 t"'bl'la'" 0:,' ,::s-[e';~I"G~ ]!!II''1l'1i£:l!tl ho·.:w,··,<

. ," .': _. ' •• ' ,,' • __ 1 ~'; __ •.•• ,_, _ '.~~ . __ 1 •.• :.' '.) .' • _ _:_~._. '~Dl' '_, -._,-:.__ _:_',I • __ -." - •.•• 'Y~&, l UD. l . •

6;ar'c .. th'l', e v'e'SCI'B'- CO"~"~"-":"d be" a1"IO"w;ad';' ,to'l, 'Ias,·t'· ·to·[ ,,,', th e-" n·;u'hI,t· '(:'S"laGl

IIr,·".·, ....:_:_ ,"'.'.~'g,'.::.', . .'JW" ,'~, .': '~~ __ ',~. ' ~I," I '-".1) ~r~, '~.',',' '. ,:,1,.: '~_: : .. __:I_'!iJ .~ ~g'

ii 8· ) ..

Jg"u.'re:: ~c.'.' •

21,

'FiI.'ilJE:f'IIi"e~· '10-:'1 sh O····W·'B~· 'th···, e" ¥.a-flec··~···ti,IjIO"·.'·D·· p=lo· .. ·,tte': __ "r-I 's-:-·e··t 'UIP-- -Dor·

-!··81U!A·-. '1',', •· .. ··I···.~ .. t' •.• ,,,.j I£.,r.w.i~<_:_.· .. ;_.-_._!- .. 1'.,····.~I_<. - [~.I_ ~_. Lt:.....-J

... -.-:., ···n':·11 " . .' d·'· ", .11 Tw·-·· - -. - ." , .. ': '-:". ". "1- .'.' -6- mil'··:·' 'I'" ·-:·'D·· Id'· '3···· !l'-: -

par,B .·,el m,_:-,eXlDI •. ,,' '_or,angI8 Bca es=- ~ ... I_ ···,e,8,I.:. ::..:.iDll.e·

and the. two tar.ge'ts· have been used, Let 118 examin,e' the Beq,u,e'Dce 0'1 eve'ntH, as they' will ~ha' '. pen,

U·: :!!!'....-; "1''',.' th .:'. 6·~' ..,._.l:', ~ ,. "c l'~'" . -. 'h·· ... ·f.. th·· ,,"',.' " . ....- .... ' ';'~I ,~! ,'~ '··I't·· .' "" ':.!'ti'oj· .

amg ~'.' e -. mue aeaie, w, en .·~,_e velse.IS a,_.,pO,ll.OD

A th·! -h'· ·rt' ,th-' - -. h f'::'ta:' _. . t 1 . '1'111' • . - .• 't.",. ",!,~, ....

IOB.e C.!R', .:, ','l,'18 ecno 0:. "_l,ge';' _, Wl appeara.~ POBl1wOD

A '-h tl ti'ii 1 d ·Ii!ll £... d t'h iii, d

.on t~e re'I,ec·I::',OD. p,.,Q,tter' BDL· W1~~.,iP,ac cdown t .. ·,~ mnex

1'·· .. Ii, . di- 'ii -. - te· ' ,,' .. d';- .- -. )- .. -.- -~ . .' t" '-b'-· . ~.",' .-"~' ,), .. ;- ,,!! . ;£,_.1 - .. - h .'. , -: . ....-." _ ... , .. ".

Ins' mn ,(:·8_." ."" SiS, ~.OID,1 a,B . ',:~,e ve'IUil8, mBl~w:u:D8 ~ er ICOIUlle

lin . '."-,-;-=- ,ti'I)- " .... , .::'1" '~'~I'~'-:- 'B:·· II,; ...... ',' ·.'h ..... ~ .d::-: . rhieh ,rIi ,." the . '1'· a~'ti·"!!i,,· ",,', ~

_ e u.n. ". POB1.iLllon_. IS re,ac .. ·.,8,,· .. ,'- Wl.~,~ 1B . ·~_~,e poaa..1 ~OD,

'.' rh ... , ta la-e'·t· , ' •• dn~ -n',,· 0'" 1···-·--,[J'A'II!Il, b":- 'O""D" th·~,-· ei 16~' "DU"" "~'le-' .. &-: 'D'-:-I' e

w~ en '.' :rai.::·_:, 'n I.. : .. :_: I O'D. 'g I; ·"}8. _ 1 .. • .. _:o. .'. . I. i. " ,;Ii: ,I' .'~'"

H - ." .-.'-'~' --h"")" 'th-:I -· .. ·· .. h-· " ' ·f:· t .. , '. ·t·, 1-1' - . h .. ·· ,. '.' ~-- ·t·, C" th·,·

, 'ow'e·vs;r" wc__~,en '.,_·,e ec:-,o m .'arge '_ reacr ~te8 POID, "",,~" :·.e

... · .. ·-:,h- '. 'f~" ta ~ .. ,,"'-: ". ,'·,t· 2~' .. ill-'I' :: . "-: ... ', "',' -'" .' -. £, 'th- I ... '. to , ",' ' ..... 'f~' t-h:-"" . I '.,' - ~.' .~.- .' 't-· ... !! ."~ t··:

Be ", .0 0, , ... ~ .. : :r.l'e,.~·:- Wl, lappear a,L 1_' I_.e . ,- ... 'p 10" ":.' ,screen, S.' pom "

C1 a nd tr~- aek do ~ th, B: "', i'Ddex~~'~ line'

~ .~ .. ,' . _ _ -""·I& .• ] .. ~} _ I _ I. 1 I ' l_"

W 'h~ both . th .. d-

• ~,' r .,:- ,.::' .,' I -, ,---'.-.-', .. • •• ~.··.-1 " [' i • [-.- ._ 1" j"'" ,- .. ': . ['~ .. " .... ,., .... J '-:", -.'~' •. _I - . -: • ",

e now· rave '. otl targets, on ~: . e screen, target ",an.··,

'to ,'. ",': .,' -: t 2':" t ·P<R'· '::ki"~'D,a d·' ," ... ,," ,·th"· - elli .. re"""-'pe' 'c·-;-'ti·.."iV-:-·B' l~"D"'-:'I'" Th"" 'l~,a o· ··v'·.'B·'rl' s'- 'P'"

I Br,g's., I , 1:1.,' .. c " . "al"own, .J. _.lr, ])8, .> ... :' .. ~' ~ .. 1_ . ,el'!!' ~ " "g,;, .. ' .. '.'~' I, .'

of a. fiuw' minuteR ,give',I, 'UB ,am"ple' tim.e to po;siti:velyidentiiY'

t ,,' '." ·c·_,t·' 2·'···· " ." th ;·:t1 '. :~h-I~ :,r·' t-· '."' .. : .'~,t· ~ ~l" I" - .:-.--:; ','J . the '. '. r- " .. '::'.-::-. '. ,t_·~· tl, B~···

arge,· '1, so :~. I,a. . w" .en _:.BlCge' . _' "el:lves ,·.e rscreeD, 81_ pOID,. ,_:_.'

'.' .. '-:., ..... ~, ·b·.'l[·~·· to . '.', ·ti'" - ~,,-:-. "r4.~":- ·d·, " ,",' .'-. -,t·:b· :t··,,· -: :- -"'-, ···t n

we arer a .' e .~ con I:D·ue IAI l.D.~ ',e'x W1.~_,) .• r,K'e" ,~~,

When ta',r;aet 2 reaehes 'P·.Oi'D't, D we, can chang e down to

( .. [ _l , Bi ~ I..'·. __ .' I . . ;. _."" " _" .' _" __ . .. _.' _, ._ ,~ I. •

the Smile.range seale 'which 'will causa ,th,e echo ,of 'target . ,2 'tOI appear ~t, point ·Dl. and Ilta'R to 'trac,k~ Id,IOWD. th,e;_dotted

)" p - Iii t, E' ". ," . dil~ teo , th-· - . 'h·· .. '1- .- ~ ... , . '-. 'jI;"til, . ". .' . dl . 'h-" .

me, , rom .~ lU', '.1 ,ca,.:.:-';s·,:·e wnee over p08~ 1_: nn, ann Wi [,en,

'2~ .,.!£iI ~"'ru .).

,IV', I. "

N

.' "

.f\~."

I'~-

T1IIf··;t 2 . v'

. .

-~I

J

T;lfgel!lhaul,d IIPPlI'r on • ,m'll. ·,ange Qilil r,HI .

I

Tlrgd""

-

L"'V

.!.:.~.' ,,,,-

01 , :2 3 ,4 5
I I Ii I I 'II
mile, 'Fi"'!! 9"

,~g!!l ~"

. 22'

.'

+

~/. i~" ,",I"iam 1M [.,'

Fi 1'0"

g .

PIO~-····I·'n~·-·"t·'· F:'" In"n" th-,'··e· 3·" 'mil' .~' ;e-:··~·a'···nae·' IS' eale lliL1- r"'·'''·' ch ned ' , ehar ~ .'.

_.'~" ' v·~· -': '~ l',_ a" ··(k,e. '" ,ea\~") ,e I. we, C . !an,~e

b· ~.- 'k' .' to·,<· t:h~ "-'. '6">~'; 11 ,. ..,. I " ~ -:;:' . "... • '. " r~",., 'th·· ' .. , '-' ..... h"· . ~to:'· '. ' .. '.'. . . .... . --

~ Be '." 1 . e .... ,IUU,8 ra,ng'e' .• c,a, e·, can.JIlI' ~I_:e ec . :0 ..... III,ppeal:

at;· F·l a='D·'d· w-"s' C"a:-'D" D" D· ... , .: .. .'~ '0"'·"""'" 'to-· .. ··iIl d·-·J·

'~,' .. ':' .. ,,,~,,',: .>~ .._:I,W Icon .-:,nue 1,.,.' ID',8X .. ,

U>· ". t' .. ,.' P"I ,~, -: .. ....- -_, h'" - -. ·h-'···· .... .',' . . ... -', " h;-··

,.,e 0.1 "', ""or, lar .. ' our approac"

'Fi' 1',1711':'" 1- '1" :h· -. -, .... ,it '. n- '!JIf1""~ -'d' th·!..1 -'. , .. -b-' " -.' ']j'ii" J,.;",- .. ' .. , .'-. .... 'bf' to· .-.

. ID,~~e' ,", 8, ··OWI a'IJmp .[1""8; .l,~oug •.. r,ea:___JSjw.cap,proae~·1 .,"

, L. . b·' .. "-. (.m1I:.. .. h· ..--,-' b' .. - ". "...._,.~ .. ~. ·--'E·" .. t" . of-I·t· 'b····· h-I -.- 'k"'-- , . ';", __ a Dial' our., I., ,.L,u'B . Rr_our IlI;JI."u.c.ure . ·as ~ 0- , I ,~e ~·re&. 'iWB~LC:I~

ba"··1 bos"o' ·o .... ';:t .. ,A,d· ')'1 Th"-' e·· .. · v~-·- '-::1': ell·I." ". te·, mi· g' . ,-- ·a· ',,' . , "-. -. '.' "

~. ~~.~.L ':,.LLUI,I:,I~ii ,,,,,,~.,,. 188·,·.; c&!'. I" .·~wD·.:' on ('.~ eour:ss I.- ,

090"'QI ("'1'\.- ....... , )" ;' .. ',. d:"·' ~... ..-: - ~ 'I' _ .... .;1 to" ". ,al..--· ;I;;.iIi'iO'" .. ' .... ' .. ' - ." ·t' , . ~J' . ,t 'B', ... .... ·to···-

.a ' . .L.~I:U. an, 18 Nq.Ul,~. ~"" I.,uul lil'o'mse ·a . pam . .' : lon _. ~.

th,s leadin,g mar~8 b~earing' 090° (True) and. 'pass 'the 6:reak:·,

Ul'D··te, '_-'r' .' In.... 'Leo:r·, I· -.# .... ,.' ... '·a·,· ii'.'! .- -: I' ,. < . "b'" , ·-'ed· ... .' , . '. '~·ti" '! ....... -.. ~ ... ,Jf': :. . sed' :~'

PJa_:>"""~' Y.'LtU;. ,~Ui,o·rm_, OlD,., s,ue!..:_: as r"-.· lie," ,rOBI, ai' 18p~r~.::,

-'b -- f' al d d J. ,', '.'.- '.. .

c:,'lang,e: 0-: 'rang'e .C:··:·,S' O:D"rar":~ar: BD,_· wheeIIDverposltio'D,

.. -' ked.LL h .,

are a 10 mar,'._···· ': .. ~~, ,o'n 'IWIS· c~_.,art

Fi,a'll.'" .--. l' l' 'B' ,,::.h· .. ··· . .'....-~.~ - ,t' h'· ','. I' .... "fIl~' ~ ... -;-,~, " J' • ' , •• },.. ,U-.n. ',. . '!I"~\.., all' - - 4'1!.;;,

, D.I~e .. '_," a"'· ,OWlS I': ._:e reo . 8Cw.O'D, p,. ,Ol""",r Wl,WI. , ' Ul8

~ h'· . '.". :e' ;:''_,~ ., , ' &, ... .;.,;:'-,. .' .' ';""1 ~.:-- ·to>·""Ji. ,C··;__t' h·:- " ........ ;; .. "," . '. ·d' I ~\... .. - .

• :' ov.·· .. ,1Dl.!Qrm" ·~D, .. ,·_~aWD, on .. ' 1'." .LU:a.~ .:B'VlDg 1IS!£t.,. IkRe

mil'" fJI,····· aI'" '~" th···;· .-.--. ,·the· '.' IL mil" ~', ... -".~' .. -'.' " ,_1.::.

-we ranD's: Be ·,:e:,. _':." ,eD, .. ,,:: '" '12 ,_ .:,.18 ran,ge. SCws •

i~ ~

'l:Ih ... __ li1I,.-:IIID_ -.JiI......d.MIIIIII', ~ .... t...'-;;:-u.,r!~~~1 . - !pIl:lUM~i .~D'''''l __ ._

1i

'1.J'\..-,,~ ,-' 1'~ - ~ '~;I';-- ,,'--:- ,;---:, ," - - th,~---~- -._ :-----:-- ,j; - -":'-'f ~---'.>iI!ii -, ,t' (;,iIi'-::-_, .l.:L.--:- b '--'-:-"a'k-: -

",B,e,, , ' DIl ' ,awa"Y ,- "B pom 01Dlwr8S :,1.8, I~e _:_re_~,

WB'te'-' 'r end) will g' plnAar--'- at t'h"--~'r!I.'e of,th- ,I 'e acre- -----, 8n and '-a-c- -k' ,

" 1>;- -'-:' .I~L"_I~ __ ,,. ':.~._,~,.I '~","'r;~':-~ :_:'- ~ 'I "-,,e 'ei:lD,'~~' ,~:, 1_, "'_ ",,:-,~,~_, p,; __ ~ ~_" ~, _ _::_,

down on 'the 'Pll Hite ,(solid. in fi;pre' 11 a) When at point A, ~h-:':- -.'-~- .:, ,:.',~" -~, :~ -~al-' ---:~--' ~"'- ': -b:'-'-', - ~i. .-'--,--',~-~-',:---'- -,~--' ~'- , ,th~'~,-~l~nJji-:· ,~-,- d'~'"

Ik,:-_e rlang,e ,Ie;: _- e 'Wll-, ,- e ~anile ' ['. ,Q\VIl to _,_"e --"F.; , ' ·e BD,.·

t:h~ -e::~ p' - 'O~ 'I~.D:,-- ---t·, IDf,"lD~' ~" te -,:·431'1' ;t Wl,iJ"U", ! Dt-IO- 'W' :a-:'p----p:·'e~·--,ar la,~ it· A"j_ an d':' traek Idown

.• ~ _ ..•• ' '. " '_ '_' l __ '. .. At'_ _," __ - __ -_J,_. . _ __ " .' r ', •• • 1_ _ _. If-~m _. '_ _ _ _ _

th - -- 'd~ ·-·"oi!'io'd-I P" ;1' R,11i ',-, , A': --'t th- "'4 -- ,:h-- -, -'I ,-,,:--,,- ,- .-------;--·I'~ ,. --I"" ,t,~, .' .. - .',.-

",le'~[OI"'~ __ .'" _,~nle~ ~:_._~ .~ -e, wise over p[OD_I_OD _ _!___:,e pre-

'Pi Ian 'D' __ "llsd" num 'b'-'e··'fW!j of: d I'e-'-_. "0'--"--' -~"f'_'---rud-"~Id-"'er- va 're'- !DI:P-'-P' ,,'Ii'~:e"d·' ea ain ,II'

,~; ,!_ _- !,'~_L___:_·_:_ - . . . __ - .:_:l"- -..: ,_-'::-,grees [Q, , . __ .. ' I 1-.':' .-. _ ,g,. - _ ;, ~~-< - - : __:'p. ::_:g\lL--~:lB

th'l - - _Iii, -'t f-·' tel, -, - t- ,- - - - -- tiD~-- -- to' ,- tr'I--- -k'- - ]1 '" -- th "II! id --,

" - -eel Pi 0: 'm" ' .. A" IB" .·"{-.a.a -: -- :l0' ~O,-i. -- ""Dle-,":" -, '-',- 'B·C' ,- B !OD·" Q"" ,: 118" om"~ i'---' e-:v'

._,"_ .••.. _1 ... :." ' .•• I I ru'!t' .. ' I, .-_.l~'Ii~E:I1 .... 'l.;.l,_,I, ' _. _.' . "_" ._ ._,' _. [I . <,:_.~ ,.__:___:_ . ..:_.~ lJB .... _" ... ( _- '._::_ '~I

line' &' ..... " d--' A'Vl' !!J'a--ti··~ ~O-'-D- A-o--:--m-- 'th---L-e'-- in -d' e' 'V" 1!,_ '--;-" (and th -erpai·o·,·'.n th-: I 'e'::--

I _ "~'.!l1 ~ ,'- l~ : :' '."'" JL~I:"! : 1'- ,~! .. -: .. _~" 1: I.: .. 1A,un. ,,','. :'_ J _'li"J ~:!!Iiiil'Ii~_ .. I"/g .~', .,_ .. 1

1~~_ )'-' wiJ'~' 1 b Ii1 di- • '] . d oL'L

course LID,e', ',~,~,___: .' ,,,8 lIDme-_,'_-~!atte, ~y app',srent ana i~ile B~ppro-

tW1IB';-'te"';-j a etion t-'!:a- ,-'k:-'A-n to ' .. -aC--,tif'I-~ ·v·'th-I:-·e- B:-'~;'tu-a--'ti'I~'o-:-:~n 'Wh-' "--: -en'- -'-,-- a t.-- "P-'O::--ID!~' 't-

.t'-'~"I~ ,,-_,'!L;ii~--: ' ,-"_._-J~,I,, "I.I.,~" 1'['41- ::_I:.: -" ... ,~ ., ,I-~'ii __ -,_! ,_:_ 1_,:; :--_,-- .-,

C'l t-"-h, '8 v's--;-'S'B4-1 '---U-"8---:-t'~ 'b---e:-: Aq-:'m'-~':,di·'I'ata--I'- mt Lo---=-m-- ,tlh:l: e-- e-'D,d=- o--"f' th'!'--"'e~

.:, ',' I ,:.: ,1 .. '_ ... ··.·1 ... ,., •.•..•• ~, ..... ~ ': ,I - ~_".'.' ~L( ,,:,. _ __!_~: _ J~' ,"_.:' .. - LIi . .:-.'('" -..:__~[.~ t- '.~; ~ ••• -._ I •. ..I~ .-- ", _:

b "'s" ak''Il:ajiB--·te~- ~'Wl8" a~-I'D-_.~-dJ 'tl' 'h~-Ie--= re -- 'o'~- 'r--e-- ';,", a s:- """:",,JiiQ, p-=- 0- 1;11:"0·'10' n

_ [An _" .. _. ~ .... ' -', r- ' . 'A,' ", ,', ,,' .. ~ ,,)&~ _',_ " ~ r. ',. _ '.l1LL~ .. ' .. _I.:l~l ._:- '] _., _" til

Pi '1'1 110 '~·,a

, IRedtlOl 'tol S' ,--hd, -

___ ,,1I ~

Fi 11' ,g. ,,',

Having chosen, a ,I'lutahl]e IS:pot to Janch,'or, thle ind,e'm;1 can 'be drawn OD 'to 'the ~efllec:tioD, p',l,otter, lin advance.

'In this examp 8 we have' a 'vessel ate,amiDK 'NOr,", '

W'bi", leh ~:IBhl~I' ~ ''"''_' ,~il"lliil;il'!li , -[0"·' J_lt" mil' "'-I!e'~, N" ':IO~iL, ""e::..·.--;' 't- 0- f',a:: h ,!e-,~a: "d): '[ I'G':nd: I

.. ,. - __ '-_ ',""I __ ___:_!!Il;ii, IW ~~, -_\& ,12, - ... ,.- - __ ,,I"IIldI. "II" ,. - __ , ... __ , __ u.&.io,_ ~,

( fi·- 12) 1- j. 1m -h - the dl d iii od

:I,ee ,~' gure ~::,,--"~ . ':t, 18 ,~~-I,own t I at · . :', .-,ea,IJan, ~ 181 18 ,IO~--,: ,

ra d '.-,,' ,-:-' - ta :r[ ,fI,e-t and I a - 1·,1(0 7¥I~le- r 'an- "- _'fle- 1_.c'·_~~;'IA wfll ',,""-:-1---: b e-,' I'-~~UI'-' t'--:a·: Ib; I,e·.',

1.'1., , .. , ~'. D' ,-'I __ ,U-! . '-~ __ ' _1'~,,~ . ) " .. b .. I,a&~, ,1_,., - -'-,' , -""

'Position ,A, on the c,hs.rtis traDs'erred to thle·~eO.ection plotter and 'marked il A",~ Plositio - 'B OD th,e' chart (the,

BD"'h- 0:-:'" p' o~-a~'~o--~-n) 18'~'- -lik· .I'e·_ftls· e "'_an-" -'B--:-~:"";;ioIiiIiiiIi-..JI1 'to-:"-- th-I'-"Ie'" '-re----tl·· '-·~O-'D

I ~ ~ ',: .', D&I~! '" ,I ~.I •• ::I ••• "".\, :,''!1f'i&.''_' '"'I H~I.:'· ~ .1. :&Br~. I·I.:_,J 1, .. " '.~ .. , -'. - .. ~lld..:__: .. _ I

plotter,~, ,J(~iDiDg' A, to B s,blo,w,d give! a line 0001,/180°' wbi,c,h iB~1 in 'fact, th:e! co'urse'l. I(see' '6'lpre 12.)1.,

The last milie tol ' he anlcboragle ma:y' be B-, '~vided into ,ca:blesl ,liVin,g a good, che.ek of' 'the di;8taD~ce~ to ,10'11 Other jDfomiati,on" .. such a,8 redu1c:tioD, of speed, c,an, ia);BO 'be

mark,ed[, 10"0,. , ~,

~T,-,t-,,. n'..;d'~,-"" . -' -- '-', " 't- ," - ,I ' "" ,--- 't-- ,-.-, ,---' -"- .:-, - - --h" ----: .. '---: ,t':-h- 'f ta ,- - __ ,.,- ,--:-' ,t'

Ji,:ol,le .. .I\i:I.·,ar IO,per,a, ·:orS] mus . remem, aert - ,a, ,::-,rge;..., HI-

very' short ranges maynot show up on the' PPI becanse lof

th d t- :III '.' 'iii -

, e :ra,,-ar ~ej,c. mmlm'u'm range,

N

a I'

., _.

E,: ·ample.,

Ap-n:ro··· "B-'C"~- sea b·· p·a-"'.-:~ S&\iii'ii.· ...... -.'liIi ...... "1' ·p·::-o·m~'~·· .. · h··-·e·BI.3;:-. O·:·OO·~ID

'. ,r:._ < . . ... :._:; _. ~ '. • .. : . "I.e.&. 'M I' :11II!CI.&'ll4J,l.'.. ".,·1., "II' .' I.' _ U&I.I,1t . '.. . ,:._.

(TlU1~) ra,dili~ar ae~ on 24mile-J'8D1I8 'acBle. ( .. figure 13).. · .• ~e

._11 'd'" ~. _.. I lid if tbl

Par,auS, In "e'Dbl' " IiD,e"'11 'n""',a11itIA '13", •. '··.· are Bl'·. '01',.: OeD 'i,i"·'e·

.. __ - iii -._ -' - ' .,,'. '!II "'B'lIi&IIOiW , .. 'J '~,. -' _ - '_ -. "~-

:reflection plotter a8 previously expJaiDed. So lDq ~. the

'. "8" d 8'W!!1 ,no· n-·.··ni".'D ~ . ·.,a"·'" " '. '. " ' .. , _. 'tb"~-' ', .. :11,. : d'anu'I' 1',:: ..... e·-·8 ~'.:.' a..I.' .. ,~," .. " '~ O,US '1~l5e!, 18,m,81Dtll OID_ ~: .. ,e ml . /!i.1IL;'_~ .• IIlU., ,

A,,~ B,. ,B· c. le.L~ ,tbl'<I:, B~", s"e' liClr."'L· ·."8·B· 18-··e·,1. ,~1111-'[ee.·· P:I;Dlltion 'OlD

' ,. ~ - ~ - ~l·f ,1',_ ' •. ', .. , .. ~IL1D -,- _."', '. - ..... !J, WUJl ~r " .. ',., r _I _.~ __

'th.e. pI anned 'serareh ··patterD,~

Fi . 112~'

,~, .

A

'Fi'1I! 12

.. ',tI ": a'-~'

_. ~_1iI! .1].' ','

!

.. ZlGYrrull_ 'I.

i~· , I

IWI.~ My' 'lhl' raift,M'I: ',.t .*",., Ian; ii,. Ih~

llilid' !iII!U

F:i :i"'~'

__ 0 ,"'PI

J,~,

IF

.. ,

1,1: 'mn. I mU.,

0000 tTRI,) OOIr(TRLI~

~--- 'G'

If· :;~. " ,-:c. -" ;)1 ,.C'," '--.. . ',' . -'.' . b' ,':- ,.- .. .:, '.' .' '" . _ ·:b·_· .' ,.::I"" th - '.' " .;._ -

_ ", a, vesse lo,n pa!8s,age !____;8,B ,a, m;aD, over. .• ·!OiU'U", -- '8 SBC~f'

sear 1 ". pattern could be carried lout u:si.ng' a 'Dan BiiO'OY

,ti"~:,t' te d -" ith .' --ad:' .. ' . 'fl" eet , ., . . . 'fl"" ·tin,'~1 _ ~.. da ,. ""k ., ,-.

"I:;,l~·. 'WI ,.'1 ars aar 'P;O: aCI,O,r,·'3···S' Be I' 10" 'a' -1"'lg,:'" raear maraer

:! .. " __ ' '~I_ i .. " ! l '_ .. ' __ .- " &;'~ .. ,,~ _. ,..._ ... : -, '. '.I ( '_:.! .. _ .. -', .. ~ .. ". :, ", I.l.J,j, .. " ~ _i. '1~, . '~L,iMi

Thi.iiCI m ia rker cot .. Id th II en 'b-I!,Q u sed 'G"a a" 1.3la-:: 'tum· ''--'-'-.--' ,tl':h· 'W\nuU"lg':,b'·,o--"u~:

_ jC~ ~- .. __ :_, ~_. ",·'UUl· .. r, t .• ~ .. ~. _-.~ 11CiII.···,· I~a t '~j Q-~. _I~.~ :1.1U.- .,,_l ,Ii!

tha search and would alSOI serve-as al: eh ·'9c-·k· Q,D 'the'" Id··I,~'~

....:.. __ ' ...• ':.', "_I. 'l!!!!!!!!"_ l_'_'~ __ '" _. ,_. '/ "," ,- "._ , .•.. 1 .• _'," ," .•.. , _' •...• ,."' pi I. ..• ," .. ~...:_ ..... " ", -:.:r; - ~ -,"_.-:: .. ·.r.g-[I;li!1

'Sc~ I ieh ., .... ,. b ~ """~" ,,'. -'01-.--' ··d 'b' . '-' ... ·.c· ..... , '.' ', .. ' .. rt ··· .. ·f··~·,th .. ,·' '''--' ,,' 'C'I' I, ,'.' "1':;1,., 1I!,Li' ·.I~' '"'_., '

~··>U,I .. , a".\\Ol! co , __ I. ·,ecom1tl Pa:-I_~ 0, , ,I ..• e v,eIssec__c B ,1U1,e~8Ia11lng

.Dq"'Ol. j, dpmen t, being 'r"~?le- ased I, In ..... eonjanc · .. ··ti': ion WI'" ·.,~"tlb.-' th Ie': sta ': ta'·, I' , .. ,

~-, "li~·~- h" -"~': .. '-',·'li'" .. "'b'" ,,'II!i:!i,_\l; '~~k'" fl" ,I!i;,#, .. ,.iII. •. IU;, r- ," .. --' •• i .,.. I!:::II'.,.'

'tQry .'~,JmJe,·~D,oy.' I, ,g'; 1:t:···SJIIO'Ote~.~· oat ..

']fI, ... ,~ .... ~fI<Dil- '11': .... , .;I~;n;D' lijIr~~1b"='~:i'IiI'ItIIl~ ~-~_~~_ ~~~.: .~l~'~,.~

N

'U'" 'iI! S" . '", 'S' '-, 'h' 'p.".., iIIj 'b D" R •

,i 51,B,g I- .• eelior : 'i8!Brc '~" - ~;atte:rD, WIt I :'" 1 I .. ,aD ,IIlO:Y 'I.:!o,r

d t' I' AI'" '~l Ii d-rfftliii- (' ul"m t

rOI lB·· ·Ir,· 'I >8·: "r' ".e."··':: -'_ .,',_" __ I' .i.O·-'(!I.·ra,'~ cDce'~ '··~o·. Jr·' .• ,:,--:~" -I:, I.'r';e·,a '1 ',\ : IDi .t:~ i~ 1-

~ 'd~" , .. ,e'-"-'""I.'I/'" ·'~'dL., :11~ ' .. ' .. ' .. ,).' _' -e ,·.·CIi, r - c'· ~ •

Wln'.· :," eurre:D' 1:'~"lor til ,: .~ ,litre"".,

ilVllftlO ~T 'II. vvy Irl 11111,

"!:I!_U ~ I!!!!III.,

IS mUll ilS&:r I,T:N.~'

lll., ,0

1'--.lI'_.. ~,~ ,'I l.jIi~I~,1

ItMti . - '" ... .. ·ipoh·,

Pi - 'l'S'

iE7_ . ,·','1

I D!I! ..

N

[It I

, I~

lInll .. II

I

. ' . 'III!'~.' '

.,.... I . __ . I

DO TI •• ~

" r

"'I 3-" I ~ .

II .,

_'!h"QI~--:-j ~"""'IIi!i!I!!iJ~ HIiIlt!L4i!i;; : '_ TI , .

2"".,.'!!~!_,

'11:11f' I~T:ml"

fiIi"'~(,TI"""1

UI\IU! ~j _~"~_

:2millu, oml!o, ~:Trulll)

ii"W'!IoW~'!r ....... .,,:'Ijj IIUUUI!I;I:~

.'. mUu .' . zeta ~ITllUll'

~_~iI!!i' jiiii!![Iiii.ii!iIIiIIIlililill!i!!l'. iii!!iii!iI!!I'~'~I~

.I ,,~' ~. i~:

-ill Pi;._~ , tlL,1 , __ "_,

DI.:: , 1'1 ·4·:- i·, ,;(Il,g'iil ',:~

,19

PanUa1- lad' .. , Tr~'·'

I "."1'ni1i7· _ - . 'lili\'!ll'lill_

.. -~ _' - ~. '_ -:I .. _~

- -

A -, :2:, - Pre C '. ••• .•.. - -;-. '-ti'~;- -. .' f' -, '0".' all· ....... '11 T,""",..J:.:.... '.- iii .... '1-: ,!. '&:d':-;'" ~' .. - " ,)-" ..

,,-~Dn~:V . -,.. •. ,p, a:r-a,' ~D· 0., I ESE . ,m ,.LD[QalQ,n: ~. m ~., ,vance .,

'r . l~, ill t· ,~. . I... . 'VI ._1 , '. • ~~.- I [_ .• __ _ . . • .. _ . IS'

The:' ~e'q'ujr'ed"-' eeurses In d'i[e~s ta, be" mafelro'-'d" "';13'D-

__ ,I [&,~.' .'_' __ ' __:_ '_I '.' ~g. ~J .,_ •• ' • '·_1.~"V!·.1 . -,' __:_ .... [. t.', ", 8'····', '!Ill ~ _'

silv b .. ··d··_· ... ermined d- -'"'U'-:al"I' -.,lid-"J;i. . , .. - e'&aH.Y -~:,e .'leM:U~D.:_,.-_1 ane wn,.'M;.lD i'" [On:RSl·-·e: LU,e course

tine- GI-O' D" th"I' e' 'p- e"'rape" -'-X-· s'b--:'Iii!I8:'" All-r'- 'to· [ m a a"i1""8 llnnQ' ,;.,- - . ,- :L.-,-,_.:I

_ I, :"1. .~. _" '_' I~.: 1','" "-Ia " . ~. ~ 1-.' ._I~~:'- [' 'f'· .• ~ _~J'_r .ID ~,I~ -. 6U LUl , l~UUtIZU

··,.· .. ,[d~ ,_,1,1 .... , .. -' .... : ·h'··-;-,· .. l·d·1 'b" - Ij:" ... -; the····· .,' ",-.- '., --iIJj "1';-'"

aD:,. 1UI0W,BnCB: ,B~_!DUI!.' _:.e ma~_e . .I.ior-_·:, manoeu,YDDg

Ahar--;-I'a-;-~~!n~"iiClti- '. Ii"t!ilil o-~· o;~ ~Aa,aa1 "''''''1 caleul B' . 1 .. , ..... , fb' 'I " 'Ie''', W" u _:h-[ . ee-',"'-: ·111 '0' ''''':1:8- "r-'

~, . :. ':: i. ,._~14;" ·a'.~l .~iii1.' ,,)!£ .' .I·~~ .·'!iiiGgg~'1 I"" ~1I1~· .' ':,. l~ : ' "" 91 .. ' :

-'··:.!~I'····· ,'. ( .... 1. " ft· -.,-,- _'c- '1-4'" "")" So'." 1·· '.'," ,,'. ,th-IJ', .. D--'-'-~ D'·I ....

p[OBll~l,onB isee ngure ," a..,.-._: ,OD.g aatne .-Ia· .. uoy

-"m-' ., .. i!!;_ ',' /"[.,' t,-:'iI;:..l-·'-···;·'al··' )··,·'1'· ····d--t-:-;-IilI;,- .", 'I;!r....··~ A···-B··· 'B" --Ie:' t""""'-

re __ ,RiDS,OD -De pu~ : -Ie, m_eXlD.g uues, " . '.,'_ - ' .. ,. · -' .. '~J e:~ .. ,

10' WD':- 'vesse·;·I- 'will'kee'p-: po .. ··liCII"~ti·!'o·· n on th':!·· ,iiCIi' p·-:-ISDDed seem'!' se" 1--11

." .. '." .~_~ '_ .. ' .. \, ~.~I_'_'-~",~:. . .:.",.·.·.a·,· , . ....:.:_ , .. ~,~' ~ .. ~ ' <"':''r!_ .~ iCiiL&"Liiil:.I.

p-·a'"· ..... :~'

, . :'. ,11I1~U~!t

Ap--ip-'-'ro'-' &1 C''-b'lEj1D' aai'n'd'--I K·····;-;··:-·p:-I·\n·· .. s··, , ··(ti···~A:nO·- 'fl"'.' .' p:. 'e'" . an" ·e· '.

__ '" . -.\ '_" _ _: _.'.' .. ~._ . .:._' ,_.Ie" : [ .1. " .. :B '-Ui&ll" .' __'_ ....... , •. __ ' .. "rm" '.' · .. r ... iII

O-~ -.- IG····· In" tIl" tt' ,,- .

I " 'olr ,aB .'--,8'18 a" .IO:D,.

- ._ I .~ .

U·IIID·:fIJ·-~"th'I;-e :-;n~ 'ill'tanBrti~:"····,--,- a···· th·:~ .. ' .. ' ·a:·, ..... -;-., -I : ... ":.:.- ..... , .~:-- ..... ,_"" g ..... - OI~,,~.~-0 ... on ···8 .. -_, __ e 1&, ,,:arCOD8pICU0U8'i~P!~

to momtor the, 11upply' vellsel'. PH"rea;.,1 PBJIIlleJ.·m!clexJDI ,','111' •. "e"8~1 'are-" '., l,llll·-·'·'d ,~,", 'tbl ..... -.ftecti· '.' 'Ii., ,·II· ....... A-'!IIIIiJ· .. ' '. t·'·b·····l· I,L· 'd[ 1.£ , !.. .:' .. '.:. ~ .. _;~ .. " Ull 10.n, _·e .~I.I' .. -·OD P_iO.1CI. "O[l .'_i~,e . 7.Z ,BDJ.. I 71

mil cal· (., fj' - '1' 5' ') Th iii of af8~'

'e' 'ran,ge',," II· .' .. I elll a~ ['-;-- a.1r1'Pr81 I _.' '8'·1 I" :8' " m' ·a"',ft, •. ' ," ~ s: '-l . h

'~ - '.' fnd'i :-~.-'~~'d·~·· L,', 'linl~iIi'I~~ e_'~· ',~"i!!i"--:":l!' ~ '-"1 • -~d""~-7'D1'~ _J "'Z-~2 Wh" __ ' .',:~

,are .~. ·c,~!~~ u-Y,!· ·,ea ,~.-- ~-,A"-A, ,BD,:·~'-·/'· 'iii' .. 'teD

'tb:> Ie Bup[p;-'l,'y'--;-' 'v'ie' "I"Bel hi. e,·ClI..l·':, __ 2""7'1~ 0 ~·'e· ) .. ;. a-·"p·o,a;i··tio"Ii,. 'D" A·"'· on

_'. I ~., ' .: ' .... .' '. ' .. ' " .. ' ':_.~ ., I' . '. _., CAII.£lI.,_u .. 'if" I~, \1 ,£,,&_" ",, AU! : ~ till". '. ".' D&l.~. '. , "1 1 ;. . ..

'th-[ ,- .. lel-:~a" rt·· 'th·[ ·e m'~\ ." 8· itaI- . )·a·· ti'[~:JO" '" . ~":111 aJ::· '80'·-· 'be s' 't-· 'PO··tll' . '~~[lilr'J'ftl A······ O'ID ~Le

.'_'_, _'J CLI. ,".' I .' _~ __ .'.:.... _ ... _ . ...::_ r~ ' ••• - •• ("" W.U& ' ~ ~ ~ _. '.' '.,-,_> f_', •.. : .... J . _·:___.Mv,&!I, ~l' .••• ". 1 lW:I ....

re..l!ll ..... ~ " .. -., . ~,~ .80 1 .. , I ··n". GI-;&:~" -. ·'h' ,'__ .. th· ~ " '. III', ,,'st'·- Bla

iU~J .. OD , .~.'.'~:Ii' I_'. 10 ..... ;" .. Bl4le 80· [1,Or llUm .:....! [e m; .4B~1!!I

ti ~. -. _.i._., .... ' . . ~ ·th·i . ,- .. - -all··:l1 ,!I' ..:::II· I~, . . lin·'" .... "b' . " d'-;-

0: 'c___: tIi,IIiD:YB, on .' ··e pam~_~ ·eJ, lQueXlug _:~~ ea H[[O' IBD.[·

· -h'· th: . .. f d" -'. '60'· .. -[ _ 'I ell willilll'-'

wtt::IlD '. '·'te· marsm '0-;- ',' I IS·" ":~''V' [- . ,"IAS &Lce" fJ'II" Rp: V .. :re-::; ~ 18' .,11 ,,: .. i

, I" [. "'. _~. 1 ~." ' ... ":D~""" ;. ~ , . ~. .VIII.:_;, _.. ','ii.1 ~ '- ~'., ". ,_ ~.. . .. _ :,,1 '"n .. ".1 ".' .1 '.~ .~.,. .. I

• "h I '''' I!J!I ed" m .. - -. • ill,

arnve ,a:t ,t~ ·Je sta:tioD, ·reqUl'r~-·· _~ '1.0 m,mntam, I.tatio,n .poBl-,

·N[o·te,.,

Badar operator,s will have to adjust, 'the~ clutter loper_tioD:-

aI- ..._ '1 .. ad- d' . tak ;w; ,..~ - t ~l....

. ClOD'w:;O', '. ·as, reqUlr-.;,~: _ an~, I~-~_- __ ~e lU·w aceo1JD.·~ 'Iwe

minimum 'r' 'a"D'O'ie~' o:·f· .. ·· tb';" ,e" rad ar· - , a'i!lt'·· I!I!n" '0' ._Alle• ... ~ c· '~I(e'lGi-' .... Lle··

.-.-.:_ •. '. _ ',:- '.' •• , '.:_ .. ~ ~'-.' ,I Al ~":' [~,~ I '_ .• , .. J~~ .. ,I._ ~1 ... ~ .. ~, w,·

b afi' I

U'D'y· ' .. s· "'. ' :D, y:

. :..:.' .... :__. :._ & 1 . .'1.

15

' .'

.1. ,

_,. . . ...

Wh·· 'e- ,ft o' U B.'ho''P1e~ s'--u--p'-p'lly" a''I'II,d'·/··o-"P n··K. - s-·#..e···ft',., VlaBIS- '8-.1- IG"i118

' UI .. :~ ... :L&,~ .~' " , .. :. ,~,I ~~ ~ " ~1! .. " 'l '. '.,: I. ;.' ~. I',. ~ ..... ~:.II.:.I .: ,I ) .... :.. ._' .. tLI~ .. ··. ,,~' .~.:.~ "'. - ..... ~ 1111 w'~

" [' - p' ''1.1'0''.'-' c·L.':·,_ .~ ,,-, . 'l'~' . ,,j.,-·n· . a-II! . -. ·to=~· . ,·tak-,.····I, - ' . [ .. a· 'p7'_._ ~l !I.'.w . - ''!''''ed:

,B'P"'&"."f'-:lUll,g ·an. [.QBIG ,,8, ·~Q.'n, 1· .. .:·~e·up ·.I··~,e~ci'rm.I_D·.,·

,- .' : ..... :"'ti- :'. ~~- -a1'I)"1 'ind· ~,'., [_., .•. ,.-; .- ,.,-. (b-'" .', ' . I-:-;ed' ·tot. ·····1 ,.,., .!'to',······· ··h-···

.POI~,-·onJ pal: " .. e· ~ -' . .:exmg Canjl· BS.- .. _· ._~" mom -·.r suc .'.

vessel ,IS, progress.

E· ... ·amp-,1·1re··'

, .A, , -! '. '.1,1 .•

An O· ;:'1' ":"'IIi:, '.' ·'1, --:11 -. ·-t, .' .. '. ·1· .. ····,···· .. -:1...., '--.:-. ·,··-~.··c ·:··t' ·oilli'l

. . .iU, n.g 8_~pp~y ves"seJ mU,I.· ,BlJP'rO'acu, a permanen,., .~ .. ~.

11

Ap'proa1cb,iDI' B BlubmariD,le C.h'lle~

A cable ,s.hip engl.ged 'in cable 'repair can use paralle;l iDd8xiDgto appr~~ th~: reQUired position. Atnarker buoy fitted With. ~a 'rsld,arc reflector is 'first, laid Bppl"oxi~ 'ma,teiy ,2-B mile. from tbe. 'ch,arled, ;s\1:blma,rine cablle. pID.Bi:~ 'ti.oD and fj,l[,ed 'to 'the ,Beabed~ IThe 'p'ositiol'-, 'Qfth,e· b ~·.·Iy ,''',_., 'then determ'm,e,d by 'Long 'Rangle N,B'Tri,la' ~ onal Aid., (Sat., NB,V',~, 'Om,eg~a., 'Loran tel, and plotted. on 'th:e chart,

·EX.1mDlle.,

A eab .~" '. hi··1!! -:-:. '. ,- 'l,cl~·d·' ,'It,· -- ' .. "k)<' "b~'UI Q'~'D-Ie"a" rto .... ;L1!-'e' cable ~'~

, ea.· .. e .1· I .• lP " !BB ,181· l~B, mar ·,er .1. -"'J .. .. __ ,. II'I .'. ,."_" HI

be re,,:aired a ad its ~:OBitiIOD. has been calculated tp be 2 ' .. ,:'.:1" .,rd· .. ···· "" N;' ·· ... ··-&.'L. (." .. r 'fi"i'~ ',",' 1'16··.·-·()·· ..

1Dl;. es .. ;ue,,, , . O~IWI.J;e"8 .gar,e . .•

NORTH j M:.oo.r IM!!!Y lradlr CD!'!IPM ".,.

Fi 16'

-I'" : .'-'

o ,. 2

L -, 'F

,3 ,

I. _II

A

Us I'~ng:--' tl·-b··· .... 8" and 3> rm ~'l" ra D' g'la DC' ale '8'" pa rallel In 'Id": 'e: 'i::--:-'~D' a

.' .. .. :.,. .1. Ie.,.' ';.' '. '. .. ..Ie .J.,I.. I, :'., .!&i D.' . _:__ ..:_'_., ' '.' '. 'W,' . ,'. . .' " DI

1,11' , '. - d·' .:-: I - .~: '.' ," . ". . ,·th-,:·,· 6-;' '-"+="1 .:- --:·:;l····~·-f· . I('fi:':" CJ.'iIli'1'a 1167--: -)'.

IDes, are .' ~:r.awn OlD, .:___~e lie·· lel;Won. p ,Ol.,~r •..... ' .. ,til'~'~ ".·,·,.,a, II

'1.1J'L,.·:-· the ". able , .. I'hj.·!!!11 .... ," .. ·,t- ,·.- .. I;'~IO··D·· A" hAa'dj'nUO"'O"'Oo'I(:Tru' . e)'"

",II!BD, ,··e 'ca,·,e s ;p 18 a.- pO\B~~·. .' ': :'1' .. ,\\iii ': ::8· .. ". ". _",,_,~' ",

on, 'the chart, tble echo from thebuoy win be at p08itilon A 'O'D 'the 'r8,fiectilo:n plotter, .. As llong as the, eeho &om t~e baoly'

st' B'YS o n ~1Le pa rallel 1110, __ demg' 'lin-;' . S"D Dh' own thl:r' e~" e a' b···· 'Ie 8hi"~p'"

·:_-._,··;,I~ :_.:__ W':'. :~···.I_I .. , ., n:__.~~:~· ,I ~. iCI' ;gl'_U'. _ :,~:, I,'~',_ ~.~ :..'1 .. '; ', ....

32

'.-_ .... 1' .... '1 'I':.... . .al- xinl; ~ikM:;'"'fi;H,_ .~iIIIWU!II!:II, ,UJ:&., ... , ) ,II;.~_ ...... 1~1IiiR!I'

,Ii .. e . liI.--o;lL•• 11 •• ';iiI!!I'Ib_

Th.e: 'U;88 o·f' 'P'I in Traffilc Se'paratioD, Zonl es

Figure 17' shows part of ,R chart invlolving a trara,e ,aeplar;B:·' tion ~··ODe: .. If th~ere! is, a radar 'COD S,piCUl,Q UHI ,abj'8ct, 'in t~.e

I!!, 'iii ··N'r th n ') 'I' d - ,!'_-g can be used to .-. kee "p th:'-'e:-:

'VI'CIM'.Ili:i '-~e . ·par,a,.s_. 'ml:ex:ID:.I ....:g,:'. ':: .. ~': uJg.~' .. :, ' .... '. ~'~".J;-_ '.:'1."

v'easel, ,~D, the Icorr_lane~, In tbi:1 exampllB thle, [8,~ -. an Island iSI 'blown, to ,gi.ve~ a good radar echo and '11Iill. be; used as th,e 'poin:t, olf'inten,st ..

The courses land. the limits ,of the Ile·~ar~tioD.la~l~ ar~' drawn on the lre·fiectio·D. pllotte,r 88, preVi,olusly IBX,plaiDled

Pr ·d-r dthl • - f'

and sh,'Qwd,now' r:ejseimbl~e fi,gore 1,7·a,.,: __ O·Vl·.:: ire i '1 ,e 'POiD:~ 10 ,~

inte'rest, remains wi'"kin th"e; d'otted, Die,s ODI. ,the re '~~Ieetil.on plotter',. thle vessel will. remain in the! eorrect Iane,

i!!lIiil3' ,~

Coa:struotiOID of' Para,Ue') 'lnde"·,D, ' ' Line II 'ua,:!·Dg

, lI! '"

'. a,D,IlD:~.

'~'" ".- - , , '1:-" ('" :', '-'. fi~"!· .. ,,·· .'-. l' 8:)')' A~" DI·· ... ," .',' ",'. '~", ,~ .. "",_ 'th' ,'". -. i .... I··,,

, 'IXB,mpl B;BJBe _I ;gure .=--,1 '. ',,,,!--, relplreSIID,[LIJI _;' e' ;1,ltIJ.,1e

',- '.", ' .. "-'e", ' ,,:- U1:~.~ " . ···d,1 ,:tiJ;- 'b' " ',,; ade ''','. ,' .... 'd- 1jI"'L" .. " -,,;- .. b' '".,..' '"",, .. ~\-:- 'I " 'd"-'·'-;-'--'

OOurIS:",!! reqmree ,01 :_e mane ;gOQI:.._:" rne .. eaeon IB, l,a"",ar

C""O"D~P"lllln'u' O'-IUII£!!II 'B:,'le-"~o I'A ·t'-he'-' liCI'hi;"'''p'' H" 'rn- iI!'v',,.'a:-,. R,e tl" PD' I {- I., ~AID" A'~' "b.a,

... : " lei, "[ .,~l ~ ;', __ .~' ElJii' '·.~_m!l. ,"Ig Il. _ Q _: (:';_ .~ _ .. [_:.". '.'~ ", (', . I: .. '-' ",V- ~ ,I ,". " __ -_:.. }~'

md ", r= ~, .. ~.,"." j Ii ""', ''',. _ ... ;;-; - .. ' b ' '" ',,' , .. ",,"-- ete d '-.'.' -, thl( . ':-,,, ",d. ~ '.', '~·l·-'''''''''''''IIOI':

ml."SXlng .. ,ne91can _,eCODBIIII.-U.· ,.,, __ OD, I" ·.··ereoJ.l.le~'Id,OD Pi 101 Ibb'er

S' :'Iri;-ntc"':h- ~ rad 'D,'li'!!' 'Q'D' 1 'N·lo,,: --&.1.. ' , P'I ~O' " S" tal"h""illI: lZ,; ",od" I .- 1'6'" mile .OI .... ,Id"JD,

, '.",.1, .. ' ,_! .• "'~ ,I .. " ' I' _, -.:!CLI,l, ,', Ibd" &,', '_::_: " I , , ..... ~.' - "'" , ". ~u.&.lI.D'~·

'III C·."·-·' 'h-l k tb- VR": , "M' "~' liil d- d 'b 'th-

,SloalllSI! ': .. hee '. " i~,ef:': ". '" I 'LOf' 1D",,,~: ,ex errOl' ,an!, , ensure: t, ! .at 'i~~Jle

'pi, :'p'. '1' Ii, .' -: 0"',' '~" ' "" ,·tI- ,-.' ., .... t" "",- d I

, , ]1 C..c rrecl"~,y C8n, I ",r,e,·-,,~

N

10 ,4,

. ..,

mUM,

I

B,'" A

_-, -

IN

'Fl· 18

;~',a ~'I,

. (:III! ,,_

Sot I. VR" , .. :.,- .' M"i~' ,'" < . '.!' " , ,'.' '0 19" . ,~.,-::,~., ',' .', b' '.' ,'. ',.-.' ·eli·'~· ··ta·,,; , ,~ - "':;-'.' .. '. "'f'~'b' .... .' .... ,.. .' ... , ....

I_I;'.~, .' ,', '.' onr,angeo",.~·" ml el" l,e;am,I~. !B,'·,,_D,CB'O, ,eaCDn

'w·c-::,'-h=,,a'n·· on ....... at eon rse 0'''!7,'IIO' (.'·Tru-: ... )

'. ',-:,-.~."",,,: · .. " ''-' ,I.H,o _ ''Ii.,i; ",- .. ,. '-IIC!! .... ,. ... "" . - ' .. .: -: _., , ,e'c,,,

'iii)1 Using CbiDa~BlJh IpeDIDil and 'rulerldraw"m indexing line Al ~ Bll p~anel'tO O'71,o·tfuetlu"Pt to, ·theV'RM

let .',t, ,8.",19 'millell' 'G'D, : .actian 'plotjte'r,~ _

'"

2"~ . 0····· .... . . ·t· 'h .. ··, . .'. -'--h'_- -: rt:.. 'fi"'· ~', . d' th '. ,-.-, . -~ .. ' .- .- 'f'~ 'th'· .-. ,--. d' ., - '- .. -, '.' . .• ,..., "

'~ '.:..,n, 11_.:..!,e enart ··D: ;~__:,e ,flBnglss 01, 1'!'I,e.raar'COID,splcqO'UI

ob iilan .... , fro m· .... th 'I .. -t-,·· -. 'til '!!!:, ". -'. ,._ii".. 'to , A' ". .' '. ' . ·d· " 'ii'· r._,;:i· :hi~' ..... . . ~;, -= -t' D"I ,.'!I' .. '

, . .: 'J.1,",,-,dL . .1..1: ":'" I_lite, ,SI l-ar:ng pIOID_ ~ '. IB.D' ,:JIUS ' .•. 'D,g pOln ". .... 1 rI!8 ,I'

A d 'I' ta , '0. • ·f~· 4'- 4: . 'il- D'- . d!i' I ill. t . fl"-::- ~! -:-, '1'1' "W: , :'

,,1SI.:'~·ID,ce, 01 •• _, '~"~'''., m'l_eIS~ , ., ': I!_,.,: ~ance ,011: ' '0,.1. miles, .~Ie

are now read'y," tol~trBD8"e-:,-'ri th e Informatlo 'D', obtained O,··'D'···· to

- - - __. ' .'. .,'. __ __,I .. !<1) .. ,.",... .'.' ,lkLLli,_1Iid. .",' . ,". . <l!ip.,L_.:.._: :.._: " ,'_:,_, I ..

th I; ~ r." eo:,tl· eetio n 'p:··lo·,t"·te'·,·~··:'Ii

._,_l~ ," '. ,~._ '." [ ' __ l~i- ;'~ .~,'. ,II.' . ,-~L [I

I?I' p,~,,Die':ri-' '00-" '-6:"="g:!)' '1·'8'· .. ,',·a·'

·0 Ii J[WLI. 'y " '.,_. '_ .: ''-,1 i! t" .:,__,J -·._I~

'Ii)'" l~ ...•

,4:~ 'Be!!.' '00 fig,., l8b,~

I) Set 'VRM on l'a:ng:'e 2 -1'5 miles 'baam dlisbmlC8 of

.~ b;~~wheno~~9eooDld ',~~ (USD (True).. ... . .

it) Align mlscba'meal 'b.!,.dq' ICUlilor on 0'115'01 (,True'-)\;' parallel inlde.xing Iineson eursorwill 'D,OIW 'be par,BIllel 'to 10:1" ,5· .. ,:-'0' (:m,._~!A')1

_ _ ",' .', ... _:.!& X-Ll~ .. 'ill

~ ~~,), ..

n

I'" ,

.1. .lI:·g·,D····1 meeh aniea '1 b :- .... ,. , iI, .. '; " ":-" --."-:- -, .,:-:' 0" "7"1' 10 tm;....., .... ).; ..

,All, -.::~ ~. '."~,,~JI'&' ,~~ .. Il '.' '$ana,g C,UI',lor o'n "'~ I', - \, .lE.e"

parall In d ·e····~··'\· ,g'" li,'.I!;,·,··,···· ','. "',":" ',.'., 'I'· .1.',." . ',c, ·,'!Io.:n··· .. :- . 'b,.~, '-·'l-: ,_."1'111 ,. 'J ,I ;a.~' .~-_ ._=-.:..,,:__j~,:'" ". JIles, o.n cursor W1) _ _: DOW . e, ,pal:'f.l.DSI

to O· '·'7'1 ..... 1 (:Trul' )

" ..... _ 'II"i.! I':'':' I a~

- 1 '._ .-------.!I_,_ 1~,~,tiI'

iii.) Draw 'in ind,exing line 'Bl ....,._ Cl psz,allleJ. 'to ,011.5° tangeD',t, to the, VRM set, et 2,~lJ5 miles Ion th~e'rettectilon :plott-er'~,

iv) Wb,ere 'Bit - leJ. IC,Uts ,A~ - Bil, :givea piositi\on B, 'the aIteralio'D, 01£' leO'Drse from, 071,° (Tme)- to IOi15° 1(ITrue)\~

'aLf!' Wi,

Fl- 1-8:"· g .. :-.'0,

,5~ Refer to fig, 1,8c.

I) Set VRM, OlD range 2 .. £;"5 n;.i'l,[es,,"~am distance of bea-

. eon when on thir,d, course ,8280' (:Trure),

'ii) Align mechanical bearing enrssr on 3123° (~e)J .1.. psralleEndexmglines on eursor win DOW be parallel

'to 323'0 (True).

~~~) Draw' 'in Indexing Iine ell - Dl parallel tol .3,2;3CJ m tmlgent to the VRM set at 2,.55 miles on reflection pi,otter~

iv) 'Wh,ere Cl. -- D' c:ats 'B'l ,- IClgiv[esl po,[si~on '0,· the: alt-

eration of eourae from 0150' (;Tru.e) to 3,23[0' (:.~·I .. eJ., .

6'~ Refer'to fig'. 1,8d~

FilIally th,e si,ariing point,.A and ·the finishing pomt DI ~~be;n~kedoD the~on plotter.

PUd·· " ~ leJ'l 1m. ·d· ". ~'.'. -- '1'1111_ ... L:O;-':::·-;-_ri!!iiifi1

• ' I. I, ..,.ill'lf. Ji;,~t1I; __

-. , ~~DJ ,--- __ " "

._j~ I

I ·'M',·IOIIIiI;.

. . ' .. 1Ii1lil'!!J!'

'Fi'" l8d"

", g. 11···.··.

\ ,_ •• ~_I

'i)

Slettble VRM"to 4, 4 miles tbe,distancefro'mthle'r,adJRr

-- ',,, ',' '.'._ -' '. ,rii'····'·~ --- "":-,:.', .":" .. ::-.~__: ~"" ', .• -."-' .~_.

COD:SPICD10U81 O~Ject wb.en, at ,charted, pOSItion A

Wb,ere this, ·r.ange-,cuts 't:l.[e Al -- :B in.dex (1071'0 (True)

". "'!I'I''''''8'8'';\ ,_...J1.1 1l .. 'iII""e'· ·s-::·t-' n,~'_- . --·;·-·t A·" . '

'COI~i i. JWUl ,_:\W'.~ ". iQ,E'lfWtg pom. C__' ".~

Ii)

39

····1·./. ".d ispiay

'-Wh' "., .. - [iii, - . t·· ._- - -" . "tie '. ., . eIi['~ -, . '1' .. , - ~ -, _. . '81-1 . '!!', d['- ,'., Iii" -. ,Ii,t

. rnen Bllng ,8. mie-mouenu ·:IP' a~y ror 'par' ,IB m·eXlDg,.:I.'1

i liia) th t th dar i d-' bi'l'it d- hi· h iii

[-" ._-,"_,. ,·',r:::-'_. - f. "_ •••.• '- :- .-. - .• _ i: , ",_ .'. :-t·~·l . -_ ,. ',. ~ :-' [-:-[1. -:- •• '." .•.•. I _ .. t. I . - -

1.8 'Issen· '~_-_, _··,1.8.':'" e.: ra,·~ar I{B 6,ou,n!,::.,~,sta~.IJZll. W·~.·,C .. · m

.'. '~"- Ii. '.,,--, ..l,!:'ffi··,,· eult 4,· [ ~'hi' -~' '-,: .... In '~- ... -:-':-:' .. '[ 't· -., d':' a' - ···t~

pr,a'~~'lce II VBr:J W_~':·[C"" [ liPiD Be, .. ev'e[i!l - ... mOls .:[ ra .. ·rrl[ la ..

:-, ... ' -t' -, .,..:II! -ta- . b iii 1·' ti~ --- 'I. - hi-'" 'dl b - feed iii, . - .!, .• ,,,,,,", present ,groUDu'.,S'·, mnsat DID l!8 8[C':_ evec ,····Y' ,L'B·~,'··IDg I'Dw.

hi' d-:- .,.3 .. ,I.'" hi th - 'iii ~'~;

O'WD IS P S rae ar sp ee a,. tn,rougl_:' "':e w,at's,f'ln cO:D]'UD[Ciw,Q'D

Wl"'t--'·h··· the Iil3le't' ...1·':-c·· ti-·:'o·'·' .. ' ""1'" d rate " ·····f-::·t:hAti·~d-··· ---.:- . .! ..... O' 'th-' 'I ' ... ' '1"'P'rol . "

. .'. I:c..: .,i IQ _::I_':I ~e::_' ~ __I nan, , r. :_:_ ._,0 ",lO;!i ~, .,e~, UIS1.-.;e ~--,e lap:, .:_:-

, . 'Ii . ,",;;:'" ,- ·tr· . '1

. pnaw con,_L'O'.,.,

A disad vantag -. o"f U" al-'!!!"D'--"II' ....... ·'11I4...'m·-,. 0" tlo m for parall --e·"I1

, Ulig'~-_:· _'[:'_", ". : ". ·.~Ie '.' ;_- I, D' ! .. ,', '.. KU,v- .. ,':__. _. ,,1. " .Li', ~':"I'"Ij.·'! '. "1,

'!II .. d ": .. Ii, .' g"I' 1Il·.1 t'~'h-": ·,t I:' d.'· .... "-:-. '~"-·"..3·-:V';"I··~ -,' .," 'ld" b' ". d-if""·~··c·"-·lt· to

DI.eXlD ". 11 '.' 8,.1 aavanee maexmg W!OU·.: ee .'.11.1,0··. ,t.:;

1 ., . 'ff-:' ., 't'h-'" ·etl-·, . ·til'.. . '1-' -·t,;.' . d -_- . t· th - ti" '- b-' .... -.~ .'i._ .. . Jay 01 lon, -:,' 'Ie:~,' .. ' . l.ec;I.-.· _Ion p[ ,0 !"el':, I ,·:g,8: '0": ,e .. ·m's ~ ase' OrlglD

bill if

_ elng 0' ~~'. centre ..

'E;X8'm,p:-le

Fig1Jl'le 19 shows a singl,e course line, of ' a vessel ,procee.di'DII fro'm, Al to 'B Ion ,a, course lof 1,60° (TrUJ") to p"aSB 2 mil~fJ 0:8 It '!'a,dar C,OD,Bpic.uIOllS tar,gst,. 'Whe~, the vessel is at pO:Bltion A, the r,a,dar e,o'Ds.picu,Qtll '~:arlet will 'bear 1860 (T), 5 miles 'II

Figure 19'a, Sh'DW'S ,th,e vessel",s radar ,~. ·PI when ulliDg true-motion ,grouD,d-s: ab[ilized prese:utatio'D O'D tble; 6 mile range sea :8' when ,at po,sition ,A he adin g' 160~1 (True).

Me~th!od,

1'1 Set the -""', ... - ,~ to the required beam passiD\K distance _,

i .. e~ ,2 miles,

2· 'Id,entify the radar conspicuous object 'to bel used:

"1 ",.':,'. ~,--=--- '.'. 0 ',:', _'-~ '-. .: :, .' ~~:'---'" I'~' ". ',', .' ' .',' . , . . . "

bearing 1316· I(True.), raDI'S 5 miles,

[3,~ Drawthe iD,de'xlli_,e A - ,B tb~o'U,i:h the radar con,s,pi,e'·1 'UI0'18 obj'eet ta:ngented 'to the: VRM~

A ..... 1 t'-·'h- . e., V' e';"s' sel m 0- ves fr>· ·)o-··m-·::· 'po '0' a'l~i,ti~IO'" n A~··· to 'B',' ·t'~b-·:-·e···· ·V···:~R',····M·'- .-

.n.B .' '.-', ,'. . '. _ ..... j' -_", " ••• _ :_:_:I;II .. - .... I,__::_) . _ ·~·.a· " I _:. __ I ,"1 '. '. -',_, ""I .: [' " .. ~. ,

will 'roll ial'Q'DS' the indexing 11'1l·e·.

N ,A .

. 1···.1

..

~8G" (fir .. ) II; S IOn_

'\ ....

... "

' ..

'\'"

, .

"

.. I .. ' ""': • Rock I. ., r c_pl~J

I

1009" (Tnat x 4 mit: .. ,

I

Fi·j,g' 1-[[9-"',

r lI:IJ!lJ "I •• •

10 1

i Ii

B'

_J_ ,~

Fi "9 ,g .. l"-,a

fJmil., 'VR M, ,2, mUa

10

o

42

la.

Nt

,A .• Wrs·rla

1 ~ S'tarbo,ard 2~ Port 18... Pori 4,,, Starboard 5.· Port 6. POrn 7~ Starboard ,8~ Starboard 19. Starboar,d i,IOljl Pori 1,1,,, Starboard 12t tStarboard l3~ S'tarbolard, 14·. Starboard 15. Pion 16 .. , Port,

A :2

:. I

• '. ", I '" ~.: .'

, _n.oex,:· .... ~·

Offi····· .,. A,"" '. ~ . .''' ... ' ... ' "":' '.",' '1'11'" ',I' '·;1- ..:i'" 'I" " ,.It" I l'~'~"''''''' 'I' "g' I' ," '-, "k-I" 't"

tmeers UB!D.:i paraue m,~eX:lllg ~O~ monnermg mIg,,:

: ,,;'.,"h: to ""',':,., ·i··I""I'··, their "1":' ' -,'.' ... ',"", ';'a') fil>'I'-"" ',f'o,,-p:''Ii!iQ-p'.)'' "I~ ed

'W1S,_ . ,,0 campi I,e ,,·,e,ll~ own· per[IOD. ~'_,,~ ,8,H[ 0, [ '. ,.I!,~- ~ _,ann " ',' "

101 d 'iii 'Ii" .~' .. ~ - f J,:\... 1d- <ii, -d

in"~-,eXlng' linesfer vano >;&, parts O->w:~e: w'o'rl, , in, aavance.

Th· . .,~ . -, -',,-' 'b'" . eh .'~. , . d b ' , iJ."".". ' "', . h '. ,', ,.",_, . hi " 'b' fi,:_·t ' .

- ,·,IS can .,_ r e' ae .1 leVIS'.: I:'Y nsmg perrspe:x,s ,~ee'Wl'W" C'··I L' ,I,on

t· .... ' th " . --'rf-:_" . "" .' if'" t 'h' .',', ,,··1 . tte , " th , ,.- ·-,11·" ,~--,w ,t·;'\...···~·;' ad ." '!'" .. ~ , _0 .',.'8. S,Ut "I ace [0' rae P,~OI".:_'r "u~ BI.,OWlD',e Iyne l~:· BXlD;g

Iir .. ' .... ,··'te·,··, to b -"" d': '1" '. " ..•. '·b· '" ~ .. , ;'h-'" -" -: d'· ... ". g" ,,-: -,- . " d', [' ..... ' ,', - ',I "I "

,_ID'es 'e ' .. ) ,'.", I.' ,ei -:, ra Wll on, e!I.!ore.·.n~, ' e,~;, [II, O'D a ' ,eep' sea,

th til· -. [ d ""1 ,ii" d-'

P- a·' s' ,aag' :Ie.·"- ,;~, Q'D': '. ec a 'W:, ':'-8' 'Y':'UD'ti req 'I''IIIti'''I'\O,''

'.: ,gl..:.; .·.·_·'1 ." '~" _, , __ ,,' _._ " _~.". I,', .... 1, _. _ .•...• ~.,I~,~. Iii]

Th d f-· 'Ii -hi ",'L d b . d

I e"; .. angers 0'1, u,slmg ,t ',',S 'Dl[e'W;10::-" must be note" '.

be ~W' 'e' v' e 'r[

" '~,.' :..:'"' .';'~' ill

1 Pre-planned inldexi'ng' range seales 'must coincide, with

thel"~d~~ange in useatthetim~: - -.. . -

2~ Centre of pre~plaDll,ed in,~.e'xi~g must coincide 'with the centre of the PPI,~,

13,~ The cardinal points marked on the pre-;pl:atlDled ind,e!xjng m,'ust, coincide with, the PPJ's.

4;; In order tJO' see the iD'dexing Iines OlD, the pre-planned

;; d II; th fl;; 1- - Ii h ,. ill h b

'lID-"[e: ..... 'n·c:tr~ '·e:' reflection 'p'.' , o,·~t·:·ter':-r'" 'l'g' I "tin,I·,:-,g··· .. '~~' ·:a··~:'v·'e·" to :'~

_' _' __ -"~.'II!J!~J "_ ,.'. £.'I1ii!i . 1: .. _., '~'" •. ', I. I_"···· .' _' .. _ _ .. 1 . ~ .. : ",,-IL_,'I r ._ •• '". • -._ • ~

modified to shine from above the :plotting surrfaee~

'It ilS bOiped, that in th,e future reflection 'plo,tters '?Iill be 'b'ui-:t, 'with a, r;emovable 'to'p[ Isurface which, sho'ul.d ov'ercom:s th,e las't of t:b!ese' pr'o'b;lems~~

'I'o'tr-':,~OD···· I DTIG"',:'P['~I-O'[T 'N' ':[l'~:V':''''-' ','II· ... TEI P"sri'aD," 'I e·,III: ..... ,..Jlle·1"li!"'·

_ "~' _C""_'~ _.~:..: I,· , '. __ ,.:__. 4,. , ·1"'0, , __ . '_, :_':' DU , ....

N·'a.rliCh:l~ ," '. A-..': .. ,. [ . . '," .. & .... ,o,OD 'U!p. ... OD

-, ... , ,1.\ 'Ii-' , .

,,'S.lcnp _' ,0"0.

I~e Iotron :Corpor,B'ti,QID, haveintroduced an OptilOD caned,

N'A",(''TL'IN''''''E' 00'- ,-"- -_lIlth·" th' __ !!!II --' Jlkn '-D'IG'-IP"ILO":--"T~ faD" '

, ' . ''¥ ~, I " . .': •. -- .. ~. 10 Wl:_,~ I~~,elr 'weL ~ :__'~ ~~O[W,D, .' I~,: ~"': . .11" i_:-,.-,~~Jy

. ~to' ," ti-III', ad . '1' "ft' .. hi:'" -b- . -- b 'd'·' - '-di"-i!IIti1i!ll to

aueema I!C raaar ,P, o ... mr' w' I"~ ,c~ .. can I:e ase·· m B- :,:[ ,'iOB·· I.

'&1& collisio'., ,a7'~vDidaD"',e:, 8:V!ClIIite- <m" L .. mL':,B',~,,1 N~~,"[A···,'I:T.-~',r"~ ID""p'ti-!'~o"n~'

a' . n 'o· .. ···w' 'B'~ ,.L~.-- '~" ,'er' , .. ' •. ,-'to':' '- to' ... ~.~ '-:-~~'h~"li-'~[ L- .L~,.,~, .'" ,Y' 'JIL.dJld· ~-·'~"'l".n.~ -.,~'~-' .. ' '~,-, , _L " 1[., " lWJ.e ~ '.' .', ,,~.,. eS.ILIa"I " .,g"P,OSIlwon aD:, \S8, eCIi' up Wi

ten p'[~ir8 lof pli.Tsll.el ind[exing lin,eB fo: '. "',oIDitoring 'the

'.'. ,'. - -)'- ,-, .,._iii.glii, .-' ,1iI[~. to'-. ·,te'l 'iii." .::Ii' ..... .JI '''Al ..... ..ll

vesse B pOSl! ~[8n, pnor1 • :'. eBI:.~.nDg' ICOiD_'D\t=U wal~rll ann

then display' OID,e olr tw'O pair,s orf' lines ~nly, as requ.ired.,

Pr tati··

e!a'e', 'D' ,-'" ._''::-''''. IUD'" '1-:

_ _ )~~ . .-\ ' _ _: _. . 1 _ l '. •

Th'" N"·"::·A'- v .. ~··:;' LI IN'E ,.1':', 1; "-. - b" , . ed 'I - '·,J;.b - N'~' -LL -

e 11,:-""""": '-, \. ,- [U&SPI,~ ay can l.eas~_:, on, elLn!er .,iOirLU-Up

, '" 'hiliz' ,. ti' eel 'L~:' b d ,Iii, Di ,It

[Blla,.:L__ :__c" [~:: OE' SIUPliS ,"'le'." i, 'U:R prern;mtatl~Ojn8~ .!r,o:r eaBler

OM- ·-'· ... 'a' 'u-"" , - N' "~' ',.....&:h'- - -, , . ta 'bi'liz ,d' ... . '. ..'....:: .',- ciI'. ..,

[ _ I&,.l.e,u.· . on, .', [0.);,1i :,~:""u.p[ :I',~ " ' __ · __ _ie . , p~esen.ba.~.on 181 r&'

,,' ,,- ····d', d

co1mmen; .. l".~ .'

'Ni\V -LJNE Control Box, Th[e NAV~LINE, contr:o aand

di i!!iital' ddi 'I' ted !I, trol b th . Iii, "h

1 . :111'._":' , ~', '.~p?""aYI are mIO~D( ee . m a leOD1"1 " r___: _ox IOD. ;I,~·,· .. e mg' [,~t

of th,e DIll I ·LO··:',"T c.'a,.bin'~. Tb;"I·'·e··",a~\ ,-:ill'O~"',w' r ~~:e" enera to', .. to

- '1 _" .. b ' ,~ 'f' " "~I"'l' I~~~I~' ~~~ ,1U1lin',Ii,' - ,[LI.lb~1 S:--:,)',,· ~ed;' ".'

se[ie",. _ • e P'laIr 0.1, 'para ,le, .. InI""eDDI' . ' I.·:[es to be u.nsP,.~;Y;: -. "

s~t ,thl~ 'true direction o:f theBe 'lines[ (in Id,egrees,) 8l),d :posi·,

,ti':·""o-:n J.L·,e~·<m"· I' ';I,~'L,...,., 8i"'- d ,·~,ft·::·· ,"f~' ::"', '. ""hi~" I ,;-: t·· th " ,,' .. -r"'.!i-:",.-,,JI 1 , ,~ WI,. '.' \ &"&6BL ,n" ,e" 0 I own 8:pl la,l, L...:[e reqUlJ:ieu.

.31':. (!II' th f !II ' , -

UIlstanlce :'m teor ;1 '01'_' IIIl]'BS).,

'N:" ·Li·,'· ,,', Dllii"''''h IThJ '. "ill" 'I', ' . 'iii, ··-·te·",-,d'·1 O"""N',' O·"·FF··· .. ',~, , ", h-

.. " av-, .'neR DiWlM.7,. [,. I' e ,.".nm]·n,a:,I~,._, i-,:.,I ~,[," I" ··UB ·.~i-

b u'_· 'Il"·~'h . iI!~ ... th·· . ,111 'I iii' d:- '!!. '1l!:_, ' 'b

'U.WD IB,WJ:IAi·I. pernn:liI[ :.i' .. ,Ie, 'p(a:tau~eL lB';: ,lexJn,g 1llI!_,c~:~lies· to ..,e:

m['; li····Tft~ .. ','" t"h" ". 'D:'IG""-'IPIIIL' O""'T' ' p··P·'II-;- 'Th' " Q'-:"N', ,- _~ti·'iiI,.

_8,plal)"~ on l~_; e ' .'!. :":,., , ,'I. , - :;,,_ ,_' ,ei "_',', pOSI· ,on

~, ·te-· th'l< - -.- --~I d' ill"·' I!!!i te th ,;I';, '·&,_'1

la~w.va·'~;1 '; .. _Ie, Icon.i:u .. II[ an:·. _.~, :Qm'Jna:[~~s ..... ,e ~11:Liu,

rea,d.oub ;D.'n[d th,e! LINE SELE'CTO'IR Bwitcb~

.,11.1:: i,!fiil!

I

I

~ !_!8! ~,,, ~.I

Of. I.

..... :.' • '"", l~~"" I '9: ~f".1 if" I ' 'II

•• J ,=. ••. .• d ,1/

o

·

· · ·

I~A' r. ··• •• ~!G·:. ~,E-i:

nl' -, ',_ '_. l

o

·

.

.

·

·

· ·

IIIGIM' UN,IE

o

.

l,~I·.'··" IE ,S,ELECI!O' :' ~.' I

.. . ~ .. ~. ~ .. '. ".

• 'r _,

. I ','

.' - '~' . .: ... '

"'j~' ,1ftU

UirectiO·D,., DepINa8in,g' ana 'turDing. &hIS DiIRECTIOI,:' eOD,tror Jchangesi ·the direc,tin" of eaeh PH1il'" of ~:8el~"

- .. all' '~-I " .. d 'i1i .- . 1-',_.. - . . . . ~, diil .. 'ted' .-. 'b'·· ,LJL .... ' Lli N: 'E""

P~I~ ... ~. '. m._,-}e·xml ,une'~J' ~ ~,~ .·.~Ica,:__,~I:_'y . WI~ _~_~~~

S,ELECTOB· iB,'9Iiteh .. Turoibg· the contro:l ,cllockWlse c,':~)~.DgeB ,the Iine directiolD to the right and turail'Dg:ita'D~ .. "i.~ clo'ckMas cha'·~g'ejB the ,line .: ji ectiOD to the . ,s:ft. IThe lin.s; DIREIClTr'~ , is, eoutinu,osly map:laYied dbec,tJ.:y' ,.:bove the: IcoU:tr,olrOB the di:gital :readout~ When a, Iine di~ec.ti;oft, hall been 8:stabHshed 'b'y ·the o'jpeta. 'or" th .• ,ael,e,cteil. lines are a'atomaticall'Y retain.ed in tb~e DIJGIPLOT 'mem,o~ until changed by' 'ch[e, D =REC,TIO'N' c.onan,l.

'RANGE Bight Line .. De'pre8;smg and ,turning ,the Right Line eontrel clac.k,wise" Inereaaes the range of the 'selee ... ·~jd~' n~'lg,h· t~· p"a' rall ie-'Im"" d· .le"lJ"-i'l"llilg- hn . Ie" ·to'· . a maxim ']' .. 0" ~Q,A

Il:IIj~. ec"",,~.. ! "_ (,,'I " [ ' __ .'. ~ .. JlJ .. ~.: _,_. :-1,. _.~ ".", II .... '~~.~ 1_ :.__I '_.' I . .:..:' I,... EA .. ._. 1~[. . ..... ~L .~,

mil~s. DeRI:e88~,g' and tu~rlrlD,g' the :Rig~t !'line' CO:D~I anti-clockWlse··,decreas8sl the: 'f[an,gs' "tOI, ,8 mtmmum o'f 100.11)

mlles.

R .... ·N····! 'G"-"~El 'L-' . ·ft"" T~!,. - - D····· " .. ,,', [ ,~- .. I ~ d .I:..,,~' ... iIi "I"~ th .. ~. Le··· -ft···,

, / , t. , ... ".: .. ,,~e' I [ JLLI_ .. ne. _.e:pr[sss ., .. g ,an,· .1;i'!Lf1.IIDg ,··e ~···~.~I,

'I:~ .,." ".,', 'I . ·'tr'~ -~:-'I .' ·1"':'" :k'·'· .: :!Ii ..... _ .~- '" ·,",.",1·-', I ... 1..., ". ".-;- "~'r·.'r· .'. ·f··' ,.L :-".,.

rJ1ne c_o~_, ,,~._ e Ole, ',W'J,se. l~creaBes tne r,ange 10 Id.~[e·

's·-Iected'left· .. p' arallelmde XID'!!l, , 'g H'·lne to~ .-. a m"a' ximum o'f"24' .'

~ .-' ~ _ ,--, ':.;' . -, ,', 1-, '--;1 .' • 1· .• - "::- I " • PI ;-, •. J ~._ I" .~~ ':'_~ZI~;J - - ~., .. ':_

.. ~ '.. ".,", . -. . . _ __:_ _'.'-' .." . I ". . ._' " ._:__J _ ., . . ..- .' '-,' ...:__.' _ _ . ';: ..,. '. ... .._:_'.' I r

lles. D ~ d 'ilr'~ h Lefl I .. .. 1- 'ii'

1-,',"1" "._~ L - ..... ,.[,.,.' .-_ "--;.--.- ;1 __ i'--', " ~_'[' -:-, r:' :~I I .. - ... ~ .. -. I ~ .... I·" (.,~ .. 7"i~

mues, ..lepr!eSSID.g ann tumiD,1 the .. ,.I,t drADe' control aDti:~

···1·:· ... "k" ''!'I'"'' ·d'· , .... ,'. '., .... ". r , .. ·1· It: h '''. -'- ." .' ... ' "to:- '.' ,- .. ,iii!. ..... . ..... .. -'f'O"""O~' IO'~' . "~'-l-'

CDC ,;WlJle I·._:,eereases '. erana:e·.:, .. ,aDUmmum.Q.~ ~,~. ij . ml eB~

. re; 1

TbA .a ctual ·'Q' .... .n lIre'" S" "e"u':n- • of b :'0': t[',h-' 'tbl," e' Ri.·· "'g:!:b- ,to ~ and '~Le.'·::'i':

_ i~l [', l;.~ ~. " r.L,ar~· '[D'"' _ .. ··.:l~W .. ,Br -.'_. "....." r. -J ." " ,_'. }'}" -_", ~~_. _ 'f _,:,1)1;

·Li_.:Il" fr·'-:-,· "':- .. ' .. ,'] .. ,'. '.' .' hi [ .. ,iii I' j "'-ii' "Ii,. "n" ~·('._l·i .~:[- -pl', .~, ed '.' .. ~ t··h····,

.nes rrom own, [B, .. ·p 11 eonnn I OUll!y ,I1tSt.:[laye.,· on me

di ital d .m .. Iii eetl b th ~ - 'Ra '1

i ," ." -' ~".' --: .. -:-: I ':-:'. - '-,-:-:- .-:,'- _". \' .. _l . r- '1:-- ", - :' .... ~._ ." ,,~, ':- ;."'--'. '-. '~'.'~:- - [ '_'" .. ' ," ... ~. ,'. ...... '-:-

__ ,gl_ ... I r.,ea . lOUts I,~. c___.' _'._:. ~~' y a.'ovle " .. le twu _.' ,Dge contro ·81'1

'Wh· "";'e"'D the d e 'S:'I,iI1"111e",d:-; ran ge 4jr'-;"le'·a'·I~br.~ . '!'n-'e'~' h· a'IS! b een .. eat· :a:b,li-·~ah·;·e~'d::

_ ,., I,. -.~'" .~' '_' _'.___ ~.1111 "'." . "J'" 1'.J. ,,/.,.' .~ " r _' .'_", : .. ;_ ".,~ I."'., ... _ .. ~' ' ..... ,:.__:__ . :_.,£3 - ,_, ! . ,'_ I~I~, ' . ...:__ :.: .

bv ,t'b" ,'I r'''i '" ... -;- to ,.;-:- .. ~- ,t·~,\... '. ';, I '''.le·'' . ,·te·, d·' I :; ,-.~ ... _'ii'", I~' of'lin ,'-_,.".' -,: I'~ 1 (_ ..•• " .0 ' •• 'to' .;: ..

,,-Y ne opera" ·if:,.e se .. c". ,pmr or nne ranges are au .

ma·tiE'all¥ r,eiained in OIIGIP:LIOTi m'emo'Jr.y until changed

·-b·· " t,h-~" -'. Ra:~ I' .:-. '.1" r ' ':[''''~"'l::-

y . ,8 ,~_.~ .. nge CDD·LLU.SII

LI'N'-E"'S~"ELVC' 'TO""'K'" Tb b ··h '18':' • '] ITh"'J~ I!! . 'I'/te'l 'h

\ I I '. ....), Inl .""_ > '. ~,' .' 'I1m .. ~ 'IW_~ 'e'e, ('Wl"tc . '. . ~ IB 8Wl.(~':

Is an In diea 't'I~'O' if ty:.p" . e a:' n' >,d', 1.1 a al,li'tu~I iIQ'te· -:d b'u' t'UJI'rO"" 'th'l .~ nmblwhle~'eIB

••• 1 I .. ' ., ._. I :.......:_,. _. _: _ . _.J ,1,,\ , .' •• _". '.' '1' , .. JilIl, :_: ~I -. _ '~ r. • i7 _!''I''Y',.,: ...:. _ ,, __ . '. '1'. :__, • _'.' ,_._.

~ .. iI,t' h ... ' di;- i!!l ,'.- - ti~' -. E['" 'h-'~' 'tb,i - '--'--'b . h' .. -) 'il I .. ·b·· . __ ...J: 0- I to· '-'. (9'"

In, el, I. ,Ieir ~'rleCI,)on~ ~ '. ,a,c " 1~.U:r;n .. W:.· IS Et_. lJ1, num.exeu '.. '.' I ~,'

a ··d'· 1-:'·' ~.!ii""nith'~· ' .. tr~"'l-I . d'~ d-[!I"I:"l~ .'::1[' "·l·-ti~JI!I·· ". f,·~;··,~,t.!~·h··· .. , ..

,nl ". permJ'lAJ I.' e Icon \" O. "an, ~.' .•.. sp,ay Ie' [BC, .I.on 101 ,al,.' .' e; .. OIDe'

'. It·:· ',' .. ' .. " ',,' •.. ,,Sf '~,'I ", 'all' . '1 ····d" .. :~.-.- .. .-.,~ ',:,_., ,'. I A······ "1'.' Ii. · .. ~··:f"·: --eli !_ .. 1[l~'1

or "WID P81I·B, IOJL par: ··e .D.,enn,:it UD[eS,,,, ,,' PaIr 101, plal.l e!

.il . d',,~111 ~'lin'I~'~ '·:~··-·I ~ =-'. J""l-,-J,r-d"~ '-b· . '.'., :" , ... Iit ... [-.-- ·~·!!,'th- .... ',' tli'h-~ '-"1 ' ,'. ,I!!r"~"h' t,

ID _ _,leXUl,K ,leSIS 8e,--~~. ·.Y m.OIVlDg 81. ,_·~er ~,:8., or ng,~ '.

·t~·h .' 'b-'~"~' ·--:·h-.-· [ ,.[ 4".-· th':I, d···[ , .. - ., .-'r" 11'::,~ I···· ,-~! .. 1, .. ' to~· .'., -, -- : 'b-' _"-',~ If" £:11...

, ,UM,w_ee LiO ,leo ._eB~e ,une, Selleellr nUDl! .. er., .~, ,WI,e,

B,ame D'u'm~"bLe-=J· is p"la,ADd'l o'-n-" both' ,t:-I'~nmiblwhleel s'witChes

~ .... ',' .• _._ .. ". , ..... ~ ... ,Ii!! .~ .. '~ ~).'. "':~ :~', .. [.. ,~~ ... " .' "~._', ".. . .'._',_". .... "._ ". :_:,I

7"iiIi'lill,.,'!i" ". ' .. ~ '~,., -:·f[=- -. 'al'" ~ i!!!I: - :- ill! . ,," lin!!" ~ I ·s·· will·· .[I! - ~ 'b' e'l ~'::'B' :.1 - --ed"';

01ll3. OD,e p1aJr 0 - par ~. ~,e!, m[,_e,Xlng .... ·Je . '........ ~, .. ~ WJ _·,PI~y '._-

"-', &'<1 .. · .. D"'IG":'IP":'LO"-"T" 'Dr'Dr' If~"'~ t'·~-'~ ;JI':,_~._ .. ··t~· ". -'-''b·' .,"-.

on [_je~ .~. ,,'~, .. ~ rS._j 1-[ 'W[O IUl_LLlsre·l. num,,~·eEB, ,are

h'b III! f' 'n- e1 [iii' dl III 'iii' willi .. 'b

" " ',~ - .. ' :':1 '~I-'=-I ",--:-.- ":'~ '. __ ',-.. .. -~I" ".-- .. i ~ ", -; ~ .. ',' I 11'-" J' :- '.~' /.-;' -.' •••• '.. ':-" I _. "~!,':

Et~.O'WD., t, ,I:D. tw,o .pau::,B, 0 pa.ra c. In .. e·XlDI ,DeS .. 8

di- .' ..... ("-I'Y" ··ed·,' . Th' I '. , "f'~' 'tb< .... .,. .. ·'b--" I 'b[-:' 1 I'~ WI,-'ii],j.,,ft·b ... '. ·- .. tr· . 'o"I'iCI tho e

I ,~;p_,a,~ ... I. ',~ . [I·,e lEt: ~ ~~_ urn,,' W ,_.ee'1 H, . ~.~., COD._: ' .. , al-'__:._,.~;·

specific pair lof parallel ind,exing Iines whose DlR'EICiT1IO,N and MNGE are· bem.g· dis:p'lu,edb'Y' th~ ,di.gital

~ad?llts, ~d_alm····.·~~. iJJ.TIl~\V~ th.esd~ ~!\~G:::" Eb~~~~tiQl'lled~

to:f.ftlR,i tII,e D " .: .. EC ,_ ,~ON aD,1 ~. .AtlJ,'I'" ~ . ,contro,s'. £,Ile

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Wb.en ·,a,djuBtin,g' each. 'pair of' par81le.liDdexi~g li:Dlea i;t,'is recommended that beth th ulllb wheel, switch'ea be pOBltiDDed _th tb,e sam.S 'LINE S~EL'E,eT'O.'R! D\lm:ber .in order to avoid display cODmsi.OD, ttnd 'pols,ib,l:e elTQll:~

For some plann'8.d, courses, o'Dly one. pa,taJlel. index Iine may be' reql1ir'4!ld~ TIQ e!limin',ate leither they le,ft lor :rigbt line, the lope:r~to,r si:pl'j(ily ,tu~$ th.e range 'to 2',~O Dl'ile:s ,or to any rang~ :gJ,eat,r Ith_.n, the DI€tIPLIOT"s·. PP'I' t,a,'ag,e scale;

Th,e advantages of' 'u,sin,g' IOltrO,D,:'S :DIGlPLOT NAV~ LINEr ,B,:ystem for par'allel ind:exing" when Icom:pa:red ~o,thle manual p1o.tting· method usin.g China,gr,aph pencils are;:

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:~li Lines appear only' 'w:hen req'uiE1eti ,thus av:oid'i,n"g~ the confusion 10£' having teo .mauy· Ifnes OB ,th,e P'PI. 'at, 'tn,e

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same timLe~

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'.' up. Ica:M;;~·lD,es nee __ not e arawn "Qr C" ange 0._ ~alu:ar

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~e par _.,.,etL IDtleDng 1U1SS m ~r:sec·:_ ng. ror an aaera-

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'OD 0 ~ .course pOlnt 'w;u! not.a ·O'W 'iGr 'IWI'-' W' ~el:t~ overlpO.Sl'-

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tion onme '. -u E.LI : Ii.,. so the o'p:':'eralor' wil nave to .... ,

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e,SI_' mate.tor .~. _1~ care ,'1& ,Y' ,eJ.Qre :ma."mg a pianne .. urn,.