Genres

Jazz

Stylistic origins: Blues • Folk • March •Ragtime

Cultural origins: Early 1910s New Orleans

Typicalinstruments: Saxophone · Trumpet ·Trombone · Piano · Guitar ·Double

bass · Bass Guitar ·Vocals · Vibraphone ·Drum kit

Mainstream 1920s–1960s
popularity:

Derivatives: Rock and roll •Rhythm and

blues • Ska •Reggae • Krautrock •Drum and bass

"form of art music which originated in the United States through the confrontation of blacks with European music"

Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in

the Southern United States from a confluence of African music traditions. From its early development until the

present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music.[1] Its West African pedigree

is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and the swung note.[2]

The word "jazz" (in early years also spelled "jass") began as a West Coast slang term and was first used to refer to

music in Chicago in about 1915.

From its beginnings in the early 20th century jazz has spawned a variety of subgenres: New Orleans Dixieland dating

from the early 1910s, big band-styleswing from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s, a variety of Latin

jazz fusions such as Afro-Cuban and Brazilian jazz, free jazz from the 1950s and 1960s, jazz fusion from the

1970s, acid jazz from the 1980s (which added funk and hip-hop influences), and Nujazz in the 1990s. As the music

has spread around the world it has drawn on local national and regional musical cultures, its aesthetics being

adapted to its varied environments and giving rise to many distinctive styles.

 Acid jazz

 Asian American jazz

 Avant-garde jazz

 Bebop
  Big band

 Crossover jazz

 Cool jazz

 Free jazz

 Jazz-funk

 Jazz fusion

 Jazz rap

 Latin jazz

 Mainstream jazz

 Mini-jazz

 Modal jazz

 Smooth jazz

 Soul jazz

 Swing

Blues

Stylistic origins African American folk music

Work song

Spirituals

Cultural origins Late 19th century, southern United States

Typical Guitar · Piano · Harmonica ·Double

instruments bass · Drums ·Saxophone · Vocals · Trumpet ·Trombone

Mainstream Widespread since the early 20th century

popularity

Derivative Bluegrass · Jazz · R&B ·Rock and roll · Rock music

forms
 Subgenres

Boogie-woogie · Classic female blues ·Country blues · Delta blues · Electric

blues ·Fife and drum blues · Jump blues · Piano blues

(complete list)

Fusion genres

Blues-rock · Jazz blues · Punk blues ·Soul blues

Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities

of primarily the Deep South of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field

hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.[1] The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and

blues, and rock and roll, is characterized by specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues chord

progression is the most common. The blue notes that, for expressive purposes are sung or played flattened or

gradually bent (minor 3rd to major 3rd) in relation to the pitch of the major scale, are also an important part of the

sound.

The blues genre is based on the blues form but possesses other characteristics such as specific lyrics, bass lines and

instruments. Blues can be subdivided into several subgenres ranging from country to urban blues that were more or

less popular during different periods of the 20th century. Best known are the Delta, Piedmont, Jump and Chicago

blues styles. World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues

music to a wider audience. In the 1960s and 1970s, a hybrid form called blues-rock evolved.

The term "the blues" refers to the "blue devils", meaning melancholy and sadness; an early use of the term in this

sense is found in George Colman's one-act farce Blue Devils (1798).[2] Though the use of the phrase in African-

American music may be older, it has been attested to since 1912, when Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" became the first

copyrighted blues composition.[3][4] In lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood.[5]

 Boogie-woogie

 Country blues

 Delta blues

 Electric blues

 Fife and drum blues

  Jump blues

 Piano blues

Country music

Stylistic origins Appalachian folk music,Maritime folk

music, Gospel,Anglo, Celtic music and Old-time music

Cultural origins Early 20th century Atlantic Canada and the Southern United

States

Typical Guitar - Bass - Dobro - Steel Guitar - Pedal steel guitar -

instruments Mandolin - Banjo - Double Bass- Fiddle - Piano - electronic

keyboard - Drums - Harmonica- Vocals

Mainstream 1920s–present High inAustralia, Canada and the US,

popularity Medium in United Kingdom,Ireland, Scandinavia and New

Zealand

Low in Asia, Africa, Latin America and mainland Europe.

Derivative forms Rock and Roll, Dansband,Roots rock, Southern rock,Heartland

rock

Subgenres

Bakersfield sound - Bluegrass - Close harmony- Honky tonk - Jug band - Lubbock

sound -Nashville sound - Neotraditional country -Outlaw country - Red

Dirt - Western swing -Texas country

Fusion genres

Alternative country - Country

rock - Psychobilly- Rockabilly - Gothabilly - Cowpunk - Country-rap - Country

pop - Country soul - Southern soul

Country music (or country and Western) is a blend of traditional and popular musical forms traditionally found in

the Southern United States and theCanadian Maritimes that evolved rapidly beginning in the 1920s.[1] Distinctive

variations of the genre have also emerged elsewhere including Australian country music.

The term country music gained popularity in the 1940s when the earlier term hillbilly music came to be seen as

denigrating. Country music was widely embraced in the 1970s, while country and Western has declined in use since

that time, except in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it is still commonly used.[1] However, in the Southwestern

United States a different mix of ethnic groups created the music that became the Western music of the term country

and Western. The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.

Country music has produced two of the top selling solo artists of all time. Elvis Presley, who was known early on as

“the Hillbilly Cat” and was a regular on the radio program Louisiana Hayride,[2] went on to become a defining figure in

the emergence of rock and roll. Contemporary musician Garth Brooks, with 128 million albums sold, is the top-

domestic-selling solo U.S. artist in U.S. history.[3]

While album sales of most musical genres have declined since about 2005, country music experienced one of its best

years in 2006, when, during the first six months, U.S. sales of country albums increased by 17.7 percent to 36 million.

Moreover, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults

every week, according to the radio-ratings agency Arbitron, Inc.[4][5]

 Alternative country

 Americana

 Bluegrass

 Progressive bluegrass

 Traditional bluegrass

 Close harmony

 Country pop

 Country rock

Ska

Stylistic Jamaican mento and calypso;American jazz and rhythm and blues

origins
 Cultural Late 1950s Jamaica

origins

Typical guitar, bass

instruments guitar, trumpet,trombone, saxophone, piano,drums, organ

Mainstream Highest in early 1960s; wide popularity in Jamaica & notable

popularity popularity in United Kingdom; notable revivals in 1970s/1980s UK

and late-1990s North America

Derivative rocksteady, reggae

forms

Fusion genres

2 Tone, ska punk, ska jazz

Regional scenes

Japan, Australia

Ska (pronounced /ˈskɑː/, Jamaican [skja]) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s, and was

the precursor to rocksteady andreggae.[1] Ska combined elements

of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line

accented with rhythms on the upbeat. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was

popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.[2][3][4][5]

Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s (First

Wave), the English 2 Tone ska revival of the late 1970s (Second Wave) and the third wave ska movement, which

started in the 1980s (Third Wave) and rose to popularity in the US in the 1990s.[6]

 2 tone

 Dancehall

 Dub

 Lovers rock
  Ragga

 Reggae

 Reggaefusion

 Rocksteady

 Ska Punk

Rhythm and blues

Stylistic origins Jazz

Blues (esp., jump, electric)

Gospel

Cultural origins 1940s–1950s, USA

Typical Drum kit – Double bass –Saxophone – Horns – Piano –

instruments Organ – Electric guitar – Vocals– Background vocalists

Mainstream Significant from 1940s to 1960s; iconic afterwards

popularity

Derivative forms Funk – Ska – Soul – Rock and roll

Subgenres

Contemporary R&B – Smooth R&B[disambiguation needed]

Local scenes

New Orleans R&B

Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in

the 1940s.[1] The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to
urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was

becoming more popular.[2]

The term has subsequently had a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s and beyond, the term rhythm and

blues was frequently applied to blues records.[3] Starting in the 1950s, after this style of music contributed to the

development of rock and roll, the term "R&B" became used to refer to music styles that developed from and

incorporated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music. By the 1970s, rhythm and blues was used as a blanket

term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a newer style of R&B developed, becoming known as contemporary R&B.

 Contemporary R&B

 Doo wop

 Funk

 Deep Funk

 Disco

 Post disco

 Boogie

 Go-go

 P-Funk

 New jack swing

 Soul

 Hip hop soul

 Northern soul

 Neo soul

 Urban contemporary

Rock music

Stylistic origins Rock and roll, electric blues,folk music, country, blues

Cultural origins 1950s and 1960s, United Kingdom, United States

Typical instruments Vocals, electric guitar, bass

guitar, drums, synthesizer,keyboards

Mainstream Worldwide, since 1950s

popularity

Derivative forms New Age Music – Synthpop

Subgenres

Alternative rock – Art rock – Beat music –Britpop – Desert rock – Detroit

rock – Emo –Experimental rock – Garage rock – Glam rock –Group

Sounds – Grunge – Hard rock –Heartland rock – Heavy metal – Instrumental

rock – Indie rock – Jangle pop – Krautrock –Madchester – Post-Britpop – Power

pop –Progressive rock – Protopunk – Psychedelia –Punk rock – Rock noir – Soft

rock – Southern rock – Surf – Symphonic rock

(complete list)

Fusion genres

Aboriginal rock – Afro-rock – Anatolian rock –Bhangra rock – Blues-rock – Country

rock –Flamenco-rock – Folk rock – Funk rock - Glam Punk – Indo-rock – Industrial

rock – Jazz fusion – Pop rock - Punta rock – Raga rock –Raï rock – Rap

rock – Rockabilly – Rockoson –Samba-rock – Space rock – Stoner rock – Sufi rock

Regional scenes

Argentina – Armenia – Australia – Belarus –Belgium – Bosnia and

Herzegovina – Brazil –Canada – Chile – China – Cuba – Croatia –Denmark – Domini

can Republic – Estonia –Finland – France – Greece – Germany –

Hungary – Iceland – India – Indonesia –Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Spanish-

speaking world – Latvia – Lithuania –Malaysia – Mexico – Nepal – New Zealand –

Norway – Pakistan – Peru – Philippines –Poland – Portugal – Russia – Serbia –

Slovenia – Spain – Sweden – Switzerland –Tatar – Thailand – Turkey – Ukraine – Un

ited Kingdom – United States – Uruguay – SFR Yugoslavia – Zambia

Rock music is a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and
1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues,country music and also drew on folk music, jazz and classical music. The
sound of rock often revolves around the electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, andkeyboard instruments such
as hammond organ, piano, or, since the late 60s, synthesizers. Rock music typically uses simple unsyncopated
rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four.[1] Guitar solos feature
prominently in rock music, however keyboard, saxophoneand blues-style harmonica are also sometimes used as
soloing instruments. In its "purest form", it "has three chords, a strong, insistent back beat, and a catchy melody."[2]

 Alternative rock

 Britpop

 Post-Britpop

 Dream pop

 Emo

 Grunge

 Post-grunge

 Indie pop

 Indie rock

 Industrial rock

 Madchester

 Post-rock

 Shoegazing

 Blues-rock

Scales

Patterns

Notes