Standard Mathematical

Tables

Eighteenth Edition

Eclitor-In-chief of Mathematics

SAMUEL M. SELBY, Ph.D. Sc.D.

Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Mathematics and formerly Chairman, Mathematics Department, University 0/ Akron.

Presently Chairman, Mathematics Department, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio

THE CHEMICAL RUBBER CO_ 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128

*Derivatives

In the following formulas u, v, w represent functions of x, while a, c, n represent fixed real numbers. All arguments in the trigonometric functions are measured in radians, and all inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions represent principal values.

d

1. dx(a) = 0

d

2. dx(x) = 1

d du

3. dx(au) = a dx

, d du dv dw

4. -(u + v - w) = - + - - -

dx dx dx dx

d dv du

S. dx (uv) = u dx + v dx

d dw du dv

6. -d (uvw) = uv- + vw- + uW-d

x dx dx x

du dv

v--u-

dx dx 1 du u dv

v2 = ;; dx - ~ dx

7 • .!!.._(!!_)

dx v

d r.: 1 du

9. -(yu)=--

dx 2Ju dx

10 • .!!.._(!) = _ _!_ du

dx U u2 dx

d(l) n du

11 - - - ---

• dx II' - un+1 dx

12. ~(~) = ::~ :( nv :: - mu ::)

d (dU dV)

13. dx (u"D"') = u"-ID"'-I nv dx + mu dx

d d du

14. dx [feu)] = du [feu)] . dx

dy d[J(x)] , d fi . I f . d i deri . f I' hei

• Let y = f(xl and dX = ~ = f (x) e ne respective y a unction an Its envanve or any va ue x In t en

common domain. The differential for the function at such a value x is accordingly defined as

dy = d[f(xl] = ~ dx = d[f(xl] dx = f'(xl dx

dx dx

Each derivative formula has an associated differential formula. For example, formula 6 above has the differential formula

d(IIVW) = IIV dw + vw du + IIW dv

386

Calculus

387

DERIV ATIVFS (Continued)

15. ~ [feu)] = df(u). d2u + d2f(u) . (dU) 2

dx" du dx? du2 dx

+ ... + (n)dkv dn-ku + ... + (n)udnv

k dx" dx·-k n dx'

where (n) = n') the binomial coefficient, II non-negative integer and (n) = 1.

r r!(n - r ! 0

17. du =.!_

dx dx

du

d I du

18. -d (log. u) = (log. e)- -d

x u x

ifdx #- 0 du

d 1 du

19. -d (10& u) = - -d

x u x

21 • .!!_(e") = e" du

dx dx

23. :x (sin u) = :: (cos u)

24. dd (cos u) = - du (sin u)

x dx

d du

25. dx (tan u) = dx (sec 2 u)

d du

26. dx (cot u) = - dx (csc2 u)

d du

27. -d (sec u) = - sec u . tan u

x dx

d du

28. -d (esc u) = --csc U· cot u

x dx

29 d ( ) du .

• dx versu = dxSInU

3Od. 1 du - -d (arc sin u) = ~ dx'

x vI - u2

(It. It)

-2:S; arc sm u s; 2

388

Calculus

d

31. dx (arc cos u) =

DERIVATIVES (Cootioueel) du -";=1 =_=U=2 dx'

(0 ~ arc cos u ~ 7r)

32. ~(arctanu) = 1: u2 ::' (-i < arctanu < i)

d 1 du

33. d-(arccotu) = --1--2 d-' (0 ~ arccotu s 11:)

X + u x

34. ~(arcsecu) = ~ ~:, (0 s arc sec u < i, -1£ ~ arcsecu < -i)

d 1 du

35. -d (arccscu) = - ~-d'

x u...;u2 - 1 x

(0 < arccscu ~ i -11: < arccscu s -i)

d 1 du

36. -d (arc vers u) = rc==:» -d '

x ...;2u _ u2 x

37. :x (sinh u) = ~: (cosh u)

38. :x(COSh u) = ~:(sinh u)

d du

39. dx (tanh u) = dx (sech? u)

d du

40. dx (coth u) = - dx (CSCh2 u)

d du

41. dx (sech u) = - dx (sech u . tanh u)

d du

42. dx (csch u) = - dx (csch u . coth u)

43. dd (sinh-I u) = !£[IOg(u + ,Ji7+l)] = ~ du

x b ~+lb

d d 1 du

44. -d (cosh -I u) = -d [log (u + p-=t)] = ,fU2-=t -d '

x x ,u2-1X

(0 ~ arc vers u ~ 11:)

(u> 1,cosh-1 U > 0)

d -I d [1 1 + uJ 1 du

45. dx<tanh u) = dx 2 log 1 _ u = 1 _ u2 dx'

did [1 u + IJ 1 du

46. -(coth- u) = - -Iog-- = ---,

dx dx 2 u - 1 1 - u2 dx

(u2 > 1)

d d[ 1+~]

47. dx(sech-I u) = dx log u =

du -u";-=l =_=U=2 dx'

(0 < u < 1, sech - 1 U > 0)

48. !£(csch - 1 u) = j__[IOg 1 + ~] = 1 du

dx dx u . lul~dx

CalculUS

389

49. : [ f(x) dx = f(q),

q p

(p constant]

d f4

SO. d f(x)dx = - f(P),

P p

[q constant]

d f4 f4 e dq dp

Sl. da p f'tx, a) dx = p iJa [f(x, a)] dx + f(q, a) da - f(P, a) da

INTEGRALS

ELEMENTARY FORMS

1. f adx = ax

2. fa. f(x)dx = a f f(x)dx

f fcjJ(y)

3. cjJ(y) dx = 7 dy,

r dy

wherey =dx

4. f (u + v) dx = f u dx + f v dx, where u and v are any functions of x

5. f u dv = u f dv - f v du = uv - f v du

I dv f du

6. u+-dx = uv - v-dx

dx dx

J X"+I

7. x"dx = --, n + 1

except n = -1

ff'(X) dx

8. ~ = logf(x),

(df(x) = f'(x) dx)

fdX

9. ~ = logx

ff'(X)dX

10. gw=gw, 2 f(x)

(df(x) = f'(x) dx)

11. f e=dx = ex

12. f e"x dx = ~/a

(b > 0)

14. f logxdx = xiogx - x

15. f ~Iogadx = a", (a> 0)

f dx 1 _IX

16. 2 2 = -tan -

a + x a a

395

396

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Contioued)

I dx

17. 2 2 =

a - x

!tanh-I~ a a

or

1 I a + x -2 og--,

a a - x

f dx

18. 2 2 =

X - a

-~coth-I~

a a

or

1 x - a

-log-. -,

2a x + a

19 f dx -

. Ja2 - x2 -

or

-I X

-cos lal'

20. f dx = log (x + Jx2 ± a2)

jx2 ± a2

f dx 1 IX

21. = -sec- -

xJx2 - a2 lal a

22 I dx 1 (a '+ J a2 ± X2)

. = --log ----''----

xJa2 ± x2 a x

FORMS CONTAINING (a + bx)

For forms containing a + bx, but not listed in the table, the substitution u = a + bx

may prove helpful. x

f (a+bxt+1

23. (a + bx)"dx = (n + l)b' (n #- -1)

24. f x(a + bx)" dx

(n #- -1, -2)

f 1 [(a + bX)"+3 (a + bX)"+2 (a + bx)"+ IJ

25. x2(a + bx)" dx = bl 3 - 2a 2 + a2 _

n+ n+ n+l

Calculus

397

26. J xm(a + bx)" dx =

. INTEGRALS (Continued)

xm+ l(a + bxt an f

---- + ----- xm(a + bxr-' dx

rn+n+l m+n+l

or

_l __ [_xm+l(a + bX)"+l a(n + l)

+ (rn + n + 2) f xm(a + bx)"+ 1 dX]

or

1 [xm(a + bx)"+ 1 - rna f xm- l(a + bx)" dX]

b(r + n + l)

f dx 1

27. a + bx = blog(a + bx)

28 f dx __ 1

• (a + bX)2 - b(a + bx)

1

f dx

29. =

(a + bX)3 2b(a + bX)2

1

b2 [a + bx - a log (a + bx)]

f xdx

30 ---

• a + bx -

or

x a

b - b11og(a + bx)

31. f (a :d:X)l ~ :1 [log (a + bx) + a : bxJ

32. f x dx = _!_[ -1 + a ]

(a + bx)" b2 (n - 2)(a + bx)" 1 (n - l)(a + bx)" 1 '

n # 1,2

f X2 dx 1 [1 ]

33. a + bx == b3 2(a + bX)2 - 2a(a + bx) + a2 log (a + bx)

34. f (a X~~:)2 = bl3[a + bx - 2a log (a +bx) - a :2bJ

35. f x2dx = _!_[IOg(a + bx) + ~ - a2 ]

(a + bX)3 b3 a + bx 2(a + bX)l

36. f Xl dx = _!_[ -1

(a + bx)" b3 (n - 3)(a + bx),,- 3

2a a2 ]

+ (n - 2)(a + bx)" 1 - (n - l)(a + bx)" 1 '

n =f. 1,2,3

398

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Coaru-ed)

f dx 1 a + bx

37. = --log--

x(a + bx) a x

f dx 1 1 a + bx

38. x(a + bX)2 = a(a + bx) - a2 log -x-

39. f dx = _!_[~(2a + bX) 2 + log _x_]

x(a + bX)3 a3 2 a + bx a + bx

40. f dx = _ _!__ + ~ log a + bx

x2(a + bx) ax a2 x

f dx 2bx - a b2 x

41. = + -log--

x3(a + bx) 2a2x2 a3 a + bx

42. f dx = _ a + 2bx + 2b log a + bx

x2(a + bX)2 a2x(a + bx) a3 x

f dx 1 -I x

43. 2 2 = - tan -

c + x c c

f dx 1 c + x

44. 2 2 = -2 log--,

c -x c c-x

f dx 1 x - c

45. 2 2 = -2 log--,

x -c c x+c

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Coatinued)

FORMS CONTAINING a + bx and c + dx

u = a + bx,

v = c + dx,

k=ad-bc

c If k = 0, then v = - u a

f dx 1 (v)

52. - = -·log -

u- v k u

f xdx l[a c]

53. - = - -log(u) - -log (v)

U'v k b d

54. f ~ = ~(~ + ~ IOg~)

u2. v k u k u

f x dx -a c v

55. u2 . v = bku - k2 log ~

f X2 dx a2 1 [e2 a(k - be) ]

56. ~ = b2ku + k2 d log (v) + b2 log (u)

57. \r ~ = 1 [ -1 -em + n - 2)bf dx ]

J un. vm k(m _ 1) un- I • ~-I un. vm-I

fu bx k

58. ~dx = d + d2Iog(v)

ken ~ 1)[~:: + ben - m - 2) f V~:1 dX]

or

-1 [~+ mkfum-I dX]

den - m - 1) vn-1 if

or

-1 [~_ mb'fum-1 dX]

den - 1) if-I if-I.

59. f um dx = vn

FORMS CONTAINING (a + bx·)

f dx 1 _IXylab

60. b 2 = .r::L tan -- ,

a + x vab a

(ab> 0)

1 I a+x~

2~oga_x~'

61 f dx - or

• a + bx2-

(ab < 0)

1 h-lX~

r--:Ltan ,

v -00 a

(ab < 0)

399

400

Calculus

INTEGRAIS (Continued)

J dx 1 -I bx

62. 2 b2 2 = ab tan -

a + x a

J xdx 1

63. b 2 = -b log (a + bx2)

a + x 2

J x2dx x aJ dx

64. a + bx2 = b - b a + bx2

J dx x 1 J dx

65. 22= 2 +-

(a + bx ) 2a(a + bx) 2a a + bx?

J dx 1 I a + bx

66. a2 _ b2x2 = 2ab og a - bx

1 x 2m - 1 J dx

2ma (a + bx2r + 2ma (a + bx2)m

J dx

67. (a + bx2)m+ 1 = or

(2m)![x m r!(r-l)! 1 J dx ]

(m 1)2 2a '~I (4ar '(2r) !(a + bx2y + (4ar a + bx2

J dx

, 72. =

x(a + bx2r+ 1

f dx 1 bf dx

71. x2(a + bx2) = - ax - ~ a + bx2

1 1 J dx

------=-+-

2am(a + bx2r a x(a + bx2r

or

_1 _ [ ~ if + log x2 ]

2am+ 1 '~1 rea + bx2)' a + bx2

f dx k [1 (k + X)3 r; - 1 2x - kJ

74. b 3 = -3 -2 log b 3 + y3tan --r:;-'

a+x a a+x ky3

(k =~) (k = ~)

J x dx J [1 a + bx3 (;3 - 1 2x - kJ

75 ----= = - -log + yJtan --(;'

. a + bx3 3bk 2 (k + xi' ky 3

Calculus

401

INTEGRALS (Continued)

f X2 dx 1

76. a + bx3 = 3b log (a + bxJ)

f dx k [1 x2 + 2kx + 2P 1 2kx ]

77. = - -log + tan- ,

a + bx" 2a 2 x2 - 2kx + 2k2 2k2 - x2

(ab > O,k = 1K)

f dx k [I x + k -1 x]

78. a + bx4 = 2a Zlog x _ k + tan k'

(ab < O,k = [-1) (ab > O,k = ~)

f xdx 1 -I x2

79. a + bx4 = 2bk tan k'

f x dx 1 x2 - k

SO. a + bx4 = 4bk log x2 + k '

(ab < O,k = [-1)

f X2 dx 1 [1 x2 - 2kx + 2P 1 2kx ]

81. =- -10 + tan-

a + bx" 4bk 2 g x2 + 2kx + 2kl 2k2 - x2 '

f X2 dx 1 [ x - k - 1 x]

82. a + bx4 = 4bk log x + k + 2 tan k'

(ab < O,k = R)

f X3 dx 1

83. b 4 = -b log (a + bx4)

a + x 4

f dx 1 x"

84. = -log ---

x(a + bxft) an a + bx"

402

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Continued)

1 [xm-n+1(a + bXn)p+l

b(np + m + 1)

- a{m - n + 1) I x ... -n(a + bxn)p dxJ

or

1 [xm+ l(a + bxn)P

np + m + 1

+ anp I x'"(a + bxn)r 1 dxJ

or

1 [xm+ I(a + bxn)p+ I

a(m + 1)

- (m + 1 + np + n)b I xm+n(a + bxn)p dxJ

or

1 [-x'"+l(a + bXn)p+l

an(p + 1)

+ (m + 1 + np + n) I x'"(a + bxn)p+ 1 dxJ

Calculus

403

FORMS CONTAINING c4 ± X4

102 f dx - 1 [II x2 + cx.fi + C2 -1 cx.fi]

• 4 4 - M - og M + tan 2 2

C + X 2c3 y' 2 2 x2 - cXy' 2 + c2 C - X

103. f 4 dx 4 = 2\ [~ log c + x + tan - 1 :]

c -x c 2 c-x c

f xdx 1 -1 X2

104. 4 4 = -2 2 tan 2"

c + x c c

f x dx 1 c2 + x2

105. 4 4 = -2 log -2--2

C-X 4c c-X

106 f X2 dx _ 1 [1 x2 - cx.fi + c2 - 1 cx.fi]

• 4 4 - -- -log + tan 2 2

C + x 2c.fi 2 x2 + cx.fi + c2 C - x

f X2 dx 1 [1 c + X_I x]

107. 4 4 = - -Iog-- - tan -

c-x 2c2 c-x c

f X3 dx 1

108. 4 4 = ±-Iog (c4 ± x4)

c ± x 4

FORMS CONTAINING (a + bx + cx2) X = a + bx + cx2 and q = 4 ac - b2

If q = 0, then X = c( x + :cf. and formulas starting with 23 should be used in place of these.

109 f dx - 2 t - 1 2cx + b (q > 0)

· X-Jqan Jq'

404

Calculus

fdX

110. X =

INTEGRAlS (COIldDued)

-2 _,2cx + b

r-:tanh r=:

v -q v-q

or

1 2cx + b - h

--log ---___::'-==

H 2cx+b+H'

(q < 0)

111. f dx = 2cx + b + 2CfdX

X2 qX q X

112. f dx = 2cx + b(_l_ + 2:_) + 6c2 fdX

x3 q 2X2 qX q2 X

2cx + b 2(2n - l)c f dx

---+ -

nqxn qn x-

f dx

113. xn+ 1 = or

(2n)!(=-)n[2CX + b ± (_!!_)'(r - l)!r!) + f dX]

(n!)2 q q ,=1 cX (2r)! X

fXdX 1 b fdX

114. - = -log X - - -

X 2c 2c X

115. f x dx = _ bx + 2a _ ~ fdX

x2 qX q X

116. f x dx = _ 2a + bx _ b(2n - I) f dx

x:: 1 nqxn nq x:

fX2 X b b2 - 2acfdx

117. X dx = ~ - 2e2 log X + 2e2 X

8 f X2 d (b2 - 2ac)x + ab 2afdx

11. -x= +--

X2 cqX q X

119.fx"'dX= x ... -I n-m+1 bfx"'-'dX

xn+l (2n-m+l)eXn-2n-m+l'-;; Xn+1

m - 1 a f x'" - 2 dx

+2n-m+l'~ xn+l

f dx 1 x2 b fdX

120. xX = 2a log X - 2a X

J dx b X 1 ( bl c) f dx

121. - = -Iog- - - + - - - -

XlX 2al Xl ax 2al a X

122. J dx = 1 -.!?_f dx + !f~

xxn 2a(n - l)Xn I 2a X" a xXn-1

Calculus

405

I dx

123. --= x"X·+1

INTEGRAlS (Cootioued)

1 n + m - 1 bI dx

(m - l)ax .. -IXn - m - 1 .~ x .. -IX·+I

2n + m - 1 CI dx

m-l a x .. -2Xn+1

FORMS CONTAINING Ja + bx 124. I J a + bx dx = ~J(a + bX)3

3b

125. I xJa + bxdx =

2(2a - 3bx)J(a + bX)3 15b2

b(2m2 + 3) [xmJ(a + bX)3 - ma I x .. -IJa + bXdX]

127. I x"Ja + bxdx = or

2 .. m!( _a)m-r

-- ~ " (a + bX),+'

b"+ IV U T U~ r~O r!(m _ r)!(2r + 3)

I~ ~ f dx

128. dx = 2va + bx + a ~

x xva + bx

129. f~dX= -~ +~f dx

x x 2 x~+bx

130. f~ dx = - 1 [J(a + bX)3 (2m - 5)bf~ dX]

x" (m - l)a x"'-I + 2 x .. -1

f dx _2~

131. rrrt: : b

va + bx

132. f xdx = - 2(2a -: bX)Ja + bx

Ja + bx 3b

406

Calculus

f x'"dx 134. c-:t::. = va + bx 2(-a)"'Ja+bx;.. (-I)'m!(a + bx)'

b,"H ,:0 (2r + l)r!(m - r}!a'

INTEGRALS (CoatiDued)

2 [ f xm-ldX]

xm a + bx - rna

(2m + l)b Ja+bx Ja+bx

or

3 f dx 1 (J a + bx - Ja)

15. = -log ,

xJ a + bx Ja J a + bx + Ja

(a> 0)

f dx 2 _lJa+bx

136. = -- tan --,

xJa +bx Fa a

(a < 0)

137 f dx = - Ja+bx -~f dx

• x2 y'a+bx ax 2a xJ a + bx

or

138. f dx = (2n - 2:!2 [_ Ja+bx nIl r!(r - ~)! (_ ~).-r-I

x·Ja + bx [(n - 1).J a ,=1 x'(2r). 4a

Ja+bx (2n - 3)b f dx

- (n - l)ax·-1 - (2n - 2)a xn-IJa + bx

( b)n-If dx ]

+ - 4a xJa + bx

2±.

139. f(a + bxli dx = 2_(..,.a _+_b_X)_2_ b(2 ± n)

140. I x(a + bx)±i dx = :2 ea : ~x~~ _ a(a ; :~~ ]

r

I dx 1 I dx bI dx

141. x(a + bX)I = ~ x(a + bXj"22 - ~ (a + bx)'i

n n-2

I(a + bX)2 dx I .-2 I(~ + bx)T

142. = b (a + bx)T dx + a dx

x x

I 2I (Z2 - a )

143. f(x,Ja + bx)dx = b f =t>' zdz,

(z = Ja + bx)

Calculus

407

INTEGRALS (CoatInued)

FORMS CONTAINING Ja + bx and Je + dx

u = a + bx

k=ad-be

v = e + dx

If k = 0, then v = ~u, and formulas starting with 124 should be used in place of

these. a

2 I~

-tanh- --

.jbd bv

or

f dx 1 bv+~

144. C.uv = -log ILL::.

y uv .jbd bv - y bduv

1 . -I (2bdX + ad + be)

- J=bdsm Ikl '

f c. k + 2bv C. k2 f dx

146. yuvdx = d yUV - -b c.

4b 8d yUV

f dx

145. fo =

or

1 (bv + ~)2

~log ,

yVU v

(bd > 0)

2 -I J-bduv

--tan

J=bd bv

or

(bd < 0)

1 dJu - fo

Jkd log dJu + fo

I dx

147. vJu = or

1 (dJu - fo)2

r.:;log ,

ykd v

(kd > 0)

f dx 2 1 dJu

148. vJu = Fkd tan - Fkd' (kd < 0)

f x dx _ Fv _ ad + be f dx

149. Fv - bd 2bd Fv

ISO. f~ = -2Fv

vFv kv

408

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (CoatiDuecl) 151. f v dx, = vfuV - ~ f dx

vfuV b 2byiuV

f dx 1 ( Ju ( 3) f dx }

154. -- = - - + m - - b

vlftJu (m-l)k vlft-I 2 vm-1Ju

fVlftdX

ISS. Ju = or

2(m!)2Ju m ( 4k}m-'(2r)!,

~_;__-'-:-:-: L -- -v

b(2m + 1)! ,=0 b (r!)2

2 [ f 1ft-I ]

b(2m + 1) v"'Ju - mk J. dx

FORMS CONTAINING Jx2 ± a2 156. f Jx2 ± a2 dx = t[xJx2 ± a2 ± a210g (x + Jx2 ± a2)]

f dx 1 1 x

158. = -sec- -

xJx2 - a2 lal a

f dx 1 (a + J x2 + a2)

159. = - =Iog ---=-----

xJx2 + a2 a x

f J x2 + a2 (a + J x2 + a2)

160. x dx = J x2 + a2 - a log x

Calculus

409

INTEGRAlS (CoatiDued)

164. f J(X2± a2)3 dx = .~[ XJ(X2 ± a2)3 ± 3~2X J X2 ± a2

f x a2 a4

168. X2JX2 ± a2dx = 4"J(X2 ± a2)3 =+= gXJX2 ± a2 - glog(x + JX2 ± a2)

169. f x3 J x2 + a2 dx = (!-x2 - A-a2)J(a2 + X2)3

170. f x3 J x2 - a2 dx = !J(X2 _ a2)S + a2 J(x2 _ a2)3

5 3

J x2 + a2 1 a + J x2 + a2

2 2 2 + 2a3 log - --'----

ax x

410

Calculus

fJX2 ± a2dx

178. 2 =

X

INTEGRALS (CootiDued) Jx2 + a2

--'----- + log (X + J x2 ± a2) X

3 a + Jx2 + a2

+ -2 slog ---'----

a X

Calculus

411

(_l)m+1 . JX2 + a2 + a] + 22m 2m+ I log

a x

f dx JX2 - a2

196. = - _!__--

(x - a)J x2 - a2. a(x - a)

f dx Jx2 - a2

197. = -'---~

(x + a)Jx2 - a2 a(x + a)

198. f f(x, J x2 + a2) dx = a f f(a tan u, a sec u) sec! u du,

199. f f(x, J x2 - a2) dx = a f f(a sec u, a tan u) sec u tan u du,

( _I X

U = sec ~'

FORMS CONTAINING Ja2 - x2

f dx

201. J =

a2 _ x2

or

-1 X

-cos -

lal

202. f dx = _ !Iog (a + Ja2 - X2)

xJa2 - x2 a x

412

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (ContImed)

f X2 dx X 2 2 a2• I X

214. = --Ja - X + -sm- -

Ja2-x2 2 2 lal

f dx Ja2 - x2

215. = - 2

x2Ja2 - x2 a X

f J a2 - x2 J a2 - x2 X

216. 2 dx = - - sin-I-

X X lal

f J a2 - x2 _ J a2 - x2 i a + J a2 - x2

217. 3 dx- - 22 +2-log

X X a X

Calculus

413

3 a + ja2 - X2

- -2a-s log -___2..-x--

f x" x"'-lja2 - x2 (m - 1)a2 f X",-2

226. dx=- + dx

j a2 _ x2 m m j a2 _ x2

f X2'" (2m)![ J 2 2 ~ r!(r - I)! 2".-2,2,-1

227. ja1 _ x2 dx = (m!)l - a - X ,';-122"'-2'+ 1(2r)!a x

f X2'" + 1 .. (2r) !(m !)2

_ _ 2 _ 2 4 2 -'x2,

228. j 2 2 dx - j a x I (2 1) '( ,)2 ( a r

a - x ,=0 m + . r.

414

Calculus

236. f f(x, J a2 - X2) dx = a f f(a sin u, a cos u) cos u du,

(u = sin-l~, a> 0)

FORMS CONTAINING Ja + bx + cx2 4c X = a + bx + cx2, q = 4ac - b2, and k = - q

If q = 0, then JX = Jc Ix+ :cl 1

~IOg(2~ + 2cx + b)

237. f jx =

or

1 . h-12cx + b

Jcsm Jq'

238 f dx 1. - 1 2cx + b

• Iv = - r-: sm r-: '

yX y -c y-q

239. f_!!__ = 2(2cx + b)

xJX qJX

240. f___!!_ = 2(2cx + b) (_!_ + 2k)

X2JX 3qJX X

(c > 0)

(c < 0)

f dx

241. Iv =

X"yX (2cx + b)(n!)(n - 1)!4"k,,-1 ,,-1 (2r)!

q[(2n)!]JX r~o (4kX}'(r!)1

2(2cx + b)JX + 2k(n - 1) f dx

(2n - l)qxn 2n - 1 X"-IJX

or

Calculus

415

INTEGRALS (Continued) 242. ffi dx = (2ex + b)JX + _!__f dx

4e 2k JX

243. fX Ix dx = (2ex + b)JX(X 2_) 2_f dx

V A 8e + 2k + 8k2 JX

244. fX2fi dx = (2ex + b)JX(X2 + 5X ~) -5-f dx

I2e 4k + 8k2 + I6k3 fi

(2ex + b)Xnfi 2n + I f I r:

---,--,---,---'-- + xn - V X dx

4(n -I- l)c 2(n + I)k

or

245. f xnfi dx = (2n + 2)! [k(2eX + b)JX ±. r!(r + 1)!(4kX)'

[en + l)W(4k)n+ 1 e ,=0 (2r + 2)!

247. f xdx = _ 2(bx + 2a)

xfi qJX

248 f_0__ - - JX - ~f~

. X" fi - (2n - l)eX' 2e X· JX

249. f~ = (~- ~)JX + 3b2 - 4aef dx

v X. 2e 4e2 8e2 JX

f X2 dx (2b2 - 4ae)x + 2ab 1 f dx

250 --- +- -

• X fi - eqJX e fi

f X2 dx (2b2 - 4ae)x + 2ab 4ae + (2n - 3)b2 f dx

251. -- = + -----

xnfi (2n - l)cqXn-lfi (2n - l)eq X·-1ft

253. Ix"dX = _!_xn-1ft _ (2n - l)bIXn-1 dx _ (n - l)aIx"-2dX

fi ne 2ne fi ne JX

416

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Coadaued) 254. Jxft dx = xft - b(2ex + b) ft - _l!_I dx

3e 8e2 4ek ft

I X2ft b I

255. xX ft dx = -- - - xft dx

5e 2e

I XN+lft b f

256. xxnft dx = )c - - X"ft dx

(2n + 3 2e

I ( 5b) xft 5b2 - 4aeI

257. x2JXdx= x-- --+ 2 JXdx

6e 4e I6e

258. I~ = - _I_log 2_J;;X + bx + 2a, (a > 0)

xJX Ja x

259 I dx I sin-1 (bX + 2a) (a < 0)

. xJX = Fa IxlyCq ,

260. I~ = - 2JX, (a = 0)

xJX bx

I dx JX b I dx

261. x2JX = - ax - 2a xJX

262. JJXdX=JX+~J dx +aI~

x 2 JX xJX

263. I JX dx = - JX + ~ I ~ + e I dx

x2 X 2 xJX JX

FORMS INVOLVING J2ax - x2

264. I J2ax - x2 dx = ~ [(X - a)J2ax - x2 + a2 sin -I x I~ a]

I dx

265. =

J2ax - x2

or

a-x cos-I_-

lal

. -I X - a

sm ~

Calculus

417

266. f x" J2ax - X2 dx =

or

2 [X"+ 1 • (2n + 1) !(r!)2~-'+ 1 'J

J2ax - x -- - L x

n + 2 ,=0 2'-'(2r + 1)!(n + 2)!n!

(2n + 1)!~+2 . _ X - a

+ sm 1 __

2"n l(n + 2)! lal

fJ2ax - x2 (2ax - x2)! n - 3 fJ2ax - x2

~ b= + b

x" (3 - 2n)ax' (2n - 3)a x" 1

f x"dx

268. =

J2ax - x2

-x·-1 J2ax - x2 a(2n - 1) f x·-1

---'--------+ dx

n n J2ax _ x2

or

v'~--2~L" (2n)!r!(r - 1)!a"-' .-1

- 2ax - x X

,=1 2"-'(2r)!(n!)2

~--'2 "-I 2"-'(n - l)!n!(2r)! -J2ax - x ,~o (2n)!(r!)2a" 'x'+1

f dx x - a

270. = --=-r====;;

(2ax - Xl)! a2 J2ax _ x2

(2n)!a" . -I x - a + 2"(n !)l sm ~

J2ax - x2 n - 1 f dx

a(l - 2n)x" + (2n - l)a x" 1 J2ax - x2

f dx

269. =

x"J2ax - x2

or

MISCELLANEOUS ALGEBRAIC FORMS

272. f dx = log (x + a + J2ax + x2)

J2ax + Xl

273. fJaxl + edx = ~Jax2 + e + er: log (xJa + Jax2 + e),

2 2ya

274. f Jax2 + edx = 'iJax2 + e + 2F.sin-1 (xH),

(a> 0)

(a < 0)

418

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Continued)

Iffi+x . -I /r=::

275. -- dx = Sin X - V 1 - x

I-x

I I ~-Jc

- og

nJc J ax" + c + Jc

or

f dx

276.

xJax" + c

2 I ~-Jc

- og

nJc .,r;n'

(c > 0)

f dx 2 g

277. = --sec-I ax"

xJax" + c nFc -~'

278. f dx = ~ log (xJa + J ax2 + c),

Jax2 + c va

(c < 0)

(a > 0)

279. f dx = _1 sin - I (x G),

J ax" + c Fa J -~

(a < 0)

f m (2m + 1)!(r!)2~-r

280. (ax2 + cr+t dx = xJax2 + c ,~o 22m-2,+ Im!(m + 1)!(2r + 1)!(ax2 + eY

(2m + 1)!em+ 1 f dx

+ 22m+ Im!(m + I)! Jax2 + c

f (ax2 + e)m+!

281. x(ax2 + er+tdx = .:...._ __ - (2m + 3)a

j (ax2 + ef+t f(ax2 + e)m-t

+ e dx

f(ax2 + e)m+t 2m + 1 x

282. dx = or

x ~~_ m em-'(ax2 + eY f dx

J ax2 + e L + em + 1

,=0 2r + 1 xJax2 + e

or

x(ax2 + c)m+t (2m + l)c f

__:_ __ .:....__ + (ax2 + c)m-t dx

2(m + I) 2(m + 1)

x 2m - 2 f dx

(2m - 1)e(ax2 + c)m-t + (2m - l)c (ax2 + er-t

283. f dx = or

(ax2 + ef+t

x m-122m-2,-I(m - 1)!m!(2r)!

Jax2 + e ~o (2m)!(r!)2cm-'(ax2 + cY

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Cootiaued)

284 f dx _ _ Jax2 + c _ (m - 2)a f_---=-,dX==;;;===

• xmJax2 + c - (m - l)cxm 1 (m - l)c x" 2Jax2 + c

f 1 + x2 1 xj2 + J1+7

285. dx = -log ----'----'-::---

(1 - x2)J1+7 j2 1 - x2

f 1 - x2 1 xj2

286. dx = - tan - I --====

(I + x2)J1+7 j2 J1+7

f dx 2 a + J x" + a2

287. = - -log -----'--=--

xJx" + a2 na ft

f dx 2 0 -I a

288. xJx" _ a2 = - na sin ft

289. fj7~ dx = ~ sin - 1 (::) t

a - x 3 a

FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

f 0 1

290. (sin ax) dx = - ~ cos ax

flo

291. (cos ax) dx = ~ sm ax

f 1 1

292. (tan ax) dx = - -log cos ax = -log sec ax

a a

293. f(cot ax) dx = ! log sin ax = -! log esc ax

a a

294. f (sec ax) dx = ~ log (sec ax + tan ax) = ~log tan (~ + a2x)

f 1 1 ax

295. (esc ax) dx = a log (esc ax - cot ax) = a log tan '2

f02 d 1 0 111'2

296. (sin ax) x = --cosaxsmax + -x = -x - -sm ax

2a 2 2 4a

297. f(Sin3 ax) dx = - _!_(cos ax)(sin2 ax + 2)

3a

f 3x sin 2ax sin 4ax

298. (sin" ax) dx = 8 - ~ + ~

f ' sinn-I ax cos ax n - I}

299. (sin" ax) dx = - + -- (sin'"' 2 ax) dx

na n

419

420

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Continued)

f . 2", COS ax"'~ 1 (2m)!(r !)2 • 2,+ 1 (2m)!

300. (sin ax)dx = - -a- .~O 22m 2'(2r + 1)!(m!)2 sin ax + 22"'(m!)2x

f COS ax ", 22m - 2'(m !)2(2r)! .

301. (sin2m+1 ax)dx = - -- I 2 )2 sm2• ax

a .=0 ( m + 1)!(r!

f 1 1 1 1

302. (cos! ax) dx = 2a sin ax cos ax + 2x = 2x + 4a sin 2ax

fl.

303. (cos? ax) dx = -(sm ax)(cos2 ax + 2) 3a

f 4 3x sin 2ax sin 4ax

304. (cos ax) dx = - + -- + -32

8 4a a

fin-If

305. (cosnax)dx=-cosn-1axsinax+-- (cosn-2ax)dx

na n

f 2 d sin ax mI- 1 (2m) !(r !)2 2 + 1 (2m)!

306. cos m ax x = -- cos' ax

( ) a ,=0 22m 2'(2r + 1) !(m !)2 + 22m(m !)2 X

f sin ax ", 22",-2'(m!)2(2r)!

307. (cos2m+ 1 ax) dx = -- I 2 cos " ax

a ,=0 (2m + 1)!(r!)

I dx f 1

308. -. -2-· - = (esc" ax) dx = - - cot ax

sm ax a

f dx f 1 cos ax m - 2 f dx

309 -- = (csc"'ax)dx = - . +--

. sin" ax (m - l)a sin" 1 ax m - 1 sin" 2 ax

f dx f 1 m-122m-2,-I(m - 1)!m!(2r)!

310. = (csc2m ax) dx = - - cos ax I .

sin 2", ax a .=0 (2m)!(r!)2sm2.+1ax

311. f. dx "'~'f(csc2m+l ax)dx =

sm2m+1 ax

1 .. -1 (2m) !(r !)2 1 (2m)! ax

- - cos ax " + -. log tan -

a ,~o 22m 2, (m!)2(2r + I)! sin2,+2 ax a 22"'(m!)2 2

f dx I 1

312. --2- = (sec" ax) dx = - tan ax

cos ax a

f dx f 1 sin ax n - 2 f dx

313. -- = (seen ax) dx = . + --

cos" ax (n - l)a cos" 1 ax n - 1 cos" 2 ax

f dx fl. ..-122m-2.-1(m - 1)!m!(2r)!

314. = (sec! .. ax) dx = - sm ax .

cos2• ax a ,~o (2m) !(r !)2 cos2,+ 1 ax

Calculus

421

INTEGRAlS (CootiJJued)

315. I dx = I(sec21n+ I ax) dx =

cos21n+ I ax

1. In-I (2m) !(T !)2

- sm ax I ~-------,,.-----":'_"":""":"""":'-~-a r=O 22m-2r(m!)2(2T + I)! COS2r+2 ax

1 (2m)!

+ ~. 22m(m!)2Iog (sec ax + tan ax)

I sin(m - n)x sin(m + n)x

316. (sin mx)(sin nx) dx = - , (m2 # n2)

2(m - n) 2(m + n)

I sin(m - n)x sin(m + n)x

317. (cos mx)(cos nx) dx = 2 ) + ,

(m - n 2(m + n)

318. I (sin ax)(cos ax) dx = 2~ sin? ax

I . cos(m - n)x cos(m + n)x

319. (Sin mx)(cos nx) dx = - - 2 ) ,

2(m - n) (m + n

320. I (sin? ax)(cos2 ax) dx = - _1_ sin 4ax + ~

32a 8

I cos'" + I ax

321. (sin ax)(cos'" ax) dx = - ---(m + l)a

I sin'" + I ax

322. [sin" ax)(cos ax) dx = )a

(m + 1

COS"'-I ax sin· + I ax

323. I (cosln ax) (sin" ax) dx =

m -II

+ -- (cos" - 2 ax)(sin· ax) dx

m + n

(m + n)a

or

sin·-' ax cosln+ 1 ax

(m + n)a

n-II

+-- (cos"ax)(sin·-2ax)dx

m +n

324. I cos'" ax dx = sin" ax

cos" + 1 ax m - n + 2 I cos'" ax

- - b

(n - l)a sin·-1 ax n - I sin·-2 ax

or

cos·-I ax m - I Icos.-2 ax

-----~- + -- dx

a(m - n) sin?" I ax m - n sin" ax

422

Calculus

INfEGRA.I$ (Coutinued)

sinm+ I ax m - n + 2 f sin" ax

----------~- + dx

a(n - lj cos" I ax n - 1 cos" 2 ax

fSinm ax

325. -- dx = or

cos" ax

sinln-Iax m-Ifsinm-2ax

- --- dx

a(m - n) cos" lax m - n cos" ax

f sin ax 1 sec ax

326. --dx = =--

cos! ax a cos ax a

fSin2 ax 1 . 1 (n ax)

327. --dx = - -sm ax + -log tan - +-

cos ax a a 4 2

328. f cos ax dx = _ . __ 1 _ = _ esc ax

sirr' ax a sin ax a

f dx 1

329. = -log tan ax

(sin ax)(cos ax) a

f dx 1 ( ax)

330. = - sec ax + log tan -

(sin ax)(cos2 ax) a 2

f dx 1 f dx

331.. = I +. 2

(sin ax)(cos· ax) a(n - I) cos"" ax (SID ax)(cos· ax)

f dx 1 1 (n ax)

332. . 2 = - - esc ax + -log tan -4 + -2

(SIO ax)(cos ax) a a

f dx 2

333. = - - cot 2ax

(sin" ax)(cos2 ax) a

f dx

334. =

sin'" ax cos" ax

a(m - l)(sinm-1 ax)(cos·-1 ax)

m+n-2f dx

+ m-l (sinm-1ax)(cos"ax)

or

1

a(n - 1) sin'"' 1 ax cos" 1 ax

m+n-2f dx

n - 1 sin"' ax cos" 2 ax

335. f sin(a + bx);lx = - ~ cos(a + bx)

fl.

336. cos(a + bx) dx = b 5m(a + bx)

f dx 1 (n ax)

337. . = + -tan -4 +-2

1 ± 510 ax a

Calculus

423

INTEGRALS (CoadDued)

f dx 1 ax

338. = -tan-

l+cosax a 2

f dx 1 ax

339. = - -cot-

l-cosax a 2

f dx

*340. =

a + bsin x

or

x J 2 2

atan-+b- b-a

1 2

----r==O====7 log --------

Jb2 a2 x

- a tan - + b + Jb2 - a2

2

f dx

*341. =

a + bcosx

f dx

*342. b .

a + sin x + c cos x

J 2 2 2 X

1 b- b +c -a +(a-c)tan2

---r~=:;====:; log if a2 < b2 + c2, a #- c

Jb2 2 2 x'

+ c - a b + Jb2 + c2 - a2 + (a - c) tan-

2

or

x

2 b+(a-c)tan2

-r~~:;==~tan-l-,~~~== J a2 - b2 - c2 J a2 - b2 - c2 '

or

~[a - (lr + c) cos x - (b - c) sin x] a a - (b - c) cos x + (b + c) sin x '

f sin2xdx Ip}+ b 1([.h ) x

*343. = - --tan- --tanx --,

a + b cos" X b a a + b b

(ab > 0, or lal > Ibl)

• See note p. 403

424

Calculus

INTEGRALS (CoatiDued)

·344.

f COS2 ex J a2 + b2 I J a2 + b2 tan ex x

·345. dx = ---- tan - - -

a2 + b2 sin? ex ab2e a h2

f sin ex cos ex 1

346. 2 b . 2 dx = 2 b ) log (a cos? ex + b sin? ex)

a cos ex + SID ex e( - a

347. f cos ex dx = f dx =

a cos ex + b sin ex a + b tan ex

1 .

2 b2 [aex + b log (a cos ex + b SIO ex)]

e(a + )

348. f sin ex dx = f dx =

a sin ex + b cos ex a + b cot ex

2 1 b2 [aex - b log (a sin ex + b cos ex)) e(a + )

·349. f dx =

a cos? x + 2b cos x sin x + e sin? x

1 ) etanx+b-~

~og ax=:':

2y u - uc e tan x + b + Y b2 - ae

(b2 > ae)

or

jctanx+b

~tan- ,(b2<ae)

Jae-b2

or

(b2 = ac)

e tan x + b'

350. f sin .ax dx = ± x + ~ tan (-41t + a2x)

l±smax a

f dx 1 (1t ax) 1 ax

351 = - tan - T - + - log tan -

• (sinax)(l ± sin ax) a 4 T 2 a 2

I dx 1 (1t ax) 1 3(1t ax)

352. (1 + sin ax}2 = - 2a tan 4 - 2" - 6a tan 4 - 2"

f dx ~ 1 (1t ax) 1 3 (1t ax)

353. . = - cot - - - + - cot - - -

(1 - SID ax}2 2a 4 2 6a 4 2

f sin ax 1 (1t ax) 1 3 (1t ax)

354. (1 + sin ax)2 dx = - 2a tan 4" - 2 + 6a tan 4" - 2

• See note p. 403.

Calculus

425

INTEGRAlS (CoatiDued)

355. I sin. ax dx = _ _!_ cot (:: _ ax) + _!_ cot" (:: _ ax)

(1 - sm ax)2 2a 4 2 6a 4 2

356. I sin x dx =:: - ~ I dx

a + b sin x b b a + b sin x

I dx 1 x .r dx

357. = -log tan - --

(sin x)(a + b sin x) a 2 a a + b sin x

I dx b cos x a I dx

358. (a + b sin X)2 = (a2 - b2)(a + b sin x) + a2 - b2 a + b sin x

I sin x dx a cos x b I dx

359. . = . +--~

(a + b sm X)2 (b2 - a2)(a + b sm x) b2 - a2 a + b sin x

I dx

*361 =

. a1 - b1 sin 1 ex

Jb2 - a2 tan ex + a

log , (a2 < b2)

2ac.}b2 - a2 .}b2 - a2 tan ex - a

I cosax 1 ax

362. dx = x - -tan-2

1 + cos ax a

1 _ 1 J a2 - b2 tan ex

tan , (a2 > b2)

ae.}a2 - b2 a

or

I cosax 1 ax

363. dx = -x - -cot-

l-cosax a 2

I dx 1 (n ax)

364. = -log tan - +-

(cos ax)(l + cos ax) a 4 2

1 ax

- -tan~

a 2

I dx 1 (n ax) 1 ax

365. = -log tan - + - - -cot-

(cos ax)(l - cos ax) a 4 2 a 2

I dx 1 ax 1 3ax

366. = -tan- + -tan -

(1 + cosax)2 2a 2 6a 2

I dx 1 ax 1 3ax

367. = - -cot- - -cot -

(1 - COS.(lX)2 2a 2 6a 2

I cos ax 1 ax 1 3ax

368. dx = -tan- - -tan -

(1 + cos ax)l 2a 2 6a 2

I cos ax 1 ax 1 3ax

369. dx = -cot- - -cot -

(1 - cosax)l 2a 2 6a 2

• Sec note p. 403.

426

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Coatinued)

5 cos x dx x a 5 dx

370. a + b cos x = b - b a + b cos x

371. 5 dx = ! log tan (~ + ~) - ~ 5 dx

(cos x)(a + b cos x) a 2 4 a a + b cos x

372 5 dx = b sin x a_ 5 _d_x __

· (a + b cos X)2 (b1 - a2)(a + b cos x) b2 - a1 a + b cos x

5 cos x a sin x b 5 dx

373. dx= ---

(a + b cos X)2 (a2 - b2)(a + b cos x) a2 - b2 a + b cos x

*374.5 dx = 2 tan-t(a+btanCX)

a2 + b2 - 2ab cos cx c(a2 - b2) a - b 2

5 dx 1 t a tan cx

*375. = tan-

a2 + b2 cos? cx acJa2 + b2 Ja2 + b2

_I a tan cx

~tan ,

acyu - U Ja2 - b2

5 dx

*376 -

· a2 _ b2 cos! ex -

or

1 a tan ex - ..j b2 - a2

~Iog ,

2acy u - u a tan ex + Jb2 - a2

5 sin ax 1

377. dx = + -log (1 ± cos ax)

1 ± cos ax a

5 cosax 1

378. . dx = ± -log (l ± sin ax)

1 ± sin ax a

5 dx 1 1 ax

379 = + + -log tan-

• (sin ax)(1 ± cos ax) - 2a(l ± cos ax) 2a 2

5 dx 1 1 ( n ax)

380. = + + -log tan - +-

(cos ax)(l ± sin ax) 2a(1 ± sin ax) 2a 4 2

5 sin ax 1

381. dx = -log (sec ax + 1)

(cos ax)(1 ± cos ax) a -

5 cos ax 1

382. dx = - -log [esc ax + 1)

(sin aX)(1 ± sin ax) a -

..

5 sin ax 1 1 (n ax)

383. dx = . + -log tan - + -

(cos ax)(l ± sin ax) 2a(1 ± sm ax) - 2a 4 2

I cos ax 1 1 ax

384. dx = - + -log tan-

(sin ax)(l ± cos ax) 20(1 ± cos ax) - 2a 2

• See note p. 403.

Calculus

427

INTEGRALS (Contloued)

I dx I (ax 11:)

385. = --log tan - +-

sin ax ± cos ax aJ2 2 - 8

I dx I ( 11:)

386. = -tan ax +-

(sin ax ± cos ax)2 2a 4

I dx I ( ax)

387. = + -log I + tan-

I + cos ax ± sin ax - a - 2

88 I dx I b tan ex + a

3. 2 2 2 • 2 = --Iog.,------

a cos ex - b sin ex 2abe b tan ex - a

I . I. x

389. x(sm ax) dx = 2 sm ax - - cos ax

a a

I 2x a2x2 - 2

390. x2(sin ax) dx = 2 sin ax - 3 cos ax

a a

Note: [s] means greatest integer s; s: [3t] = 3, m = O,etc.

I mI

- -xmcosax + - xm-I cos ax dx

a a

392. I xm sin ax dx =

or

['f] m' x'"- 2r

~ +1 .

cosax L.. (-IY ( 2 ),'a2r+1

r=O m - r.

[ .. ~ '] m'

+ sin ax L (-I Y ( _ 2 . _ I) ,

r=O m r .

I I x .

393. x(cos ax) dx = 2 cos ax + - sm ax

a a

I 2x cos ax a2 x2 - 2 .

394. x2(cos ax) dx = 2 + 3 sm ax

a a

f 3a2x2 - 6 a2x3 - 6x

395. x3(cos ax) dx = 4 cos ax + 3 sin ax

a a

396. I x'"(cos ax) dx =

xm sin ax m r

---::-- - - xm - 1 sin ax dx

a a J

or

['f] m! xm-2r

sin ax L (-1)' ( 2 ),' 2;+T

r=O m - r. a

["~'] m!

+ cos ax L (-IY( _ 2 _ I)'

r=O m r .

See note integral 392.

428

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Contiaued)

ISin ax 00 (ax)2n+ I

397. _' -dx = L (_l)n __ ~_--:-

x n=O (2n + 1)(2n + I)!

r= ax a: (ax)2n

398. -- dx = log x + L (_l)n -2 (2 )'

x .= 1 n n,

399 I '2 d x2 x sin 2ax cos 2ax

• x(sm ax) x = - - - ---

4 4a 8a2

I 2 2 x3 (X2 I) x cos 2ax

400. x (sin ax)dx = - - - - - sin2ax - ---

6 4a 8a3 4a2

I 3 X cos 3ax sin 3ax 3x cos ax 3 sin ax

401. x(sin ax) dx = --- - -- - + ---

12a 36a2 4a 4a2

I X2 x sin 2ax cos 2ax

402. x(cos2 ax) dx = 4 + 4a + ~

I X3 (X2 1) x cos 2ax

403. X2(COS1 ax) dx = - + - - -3 sin 2ax + --2-

6 4a 8a 4a

I 3 x sin 3ax cos 3ax 3x sin ax 3 cos ax

404. x(cos ax)dx = 2 + -3-2- + + 2

la 6a 4a 4a

Isin ax sin ax a ICOS ax d

405. --dx = - +-- -- x

x'" (m - l)x"'-1 m - I X",-I

Icos ax cos ax a ISin ax

406. --dx = - - -- --dx

x'" (m-l)x",-l m-I X",-I

I x x cos ax 1 .

407. . dx = + . + """"2 log (1 ± sin ax)

1 ± sm ax a(1 ± sm ax) a

I x x ax 2 ax

408. dx = - tan - + """"2 log cos -

1 + cos ax a 2 a 2

I x x ax 2 . ax

409. dx = - -cot- + -Iogsm-

I - cos ax a 2 a2 2

I x + sin x x

410. dx = x tan -

1 + cos x 2

Ix - sin x, x

411. ax = -x cot-

I-cosx 2

I 2 sin ax

412. J 1 - cos ax dx = - -J---;;==== a 1 - cos ax

I 2sinax

413. J 1 + cos ax dx = --,==" === aJ1 + cos ax

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (CootiDued) 414. f J1 + sinxdx = ±2(Sin~ - cos~),

[use + if (Sk - l)i < x :::;; (Sk + 3)i, otherwise - ; k an integer]

415. f J1 - sinxdx = ±2(Sin~ + cos~),

[use + if (Sk - 3)i < x :::;; (8k + l)i, otherwise -; k an integer]

416. f dx = ± J2log tan~,

J1 - cos x 4

[use + if 4k:n: < x < (4k + 2):n:, otherwise - ; k an integer]

417. fJ dx = ± J210gtan(x + :n:),

1+cosx 4

[use + if(4k - 1)11: < X < (4k + 1):n:. otherwise -: k an integer]

418. f dx = ± J2log tan (~ - ~),

J1 - sin x 4 S

[use + if(Sk + 1)~ < x < (Sk + 5)~, otherwise -; k an integer]

419. f J1 :xsin x = ± J2log tan{i + ~).

[use + if(Sk - l)i < x < (8k + 3)i, otherwise -; k an integer]

420. f (tan" ax) dx = ~ tan ax - x

f 1 1

421. (tan! ax) dx = 2a tan? ax + ~ log cos ax

f tan3 ax 1

422. (tan" ax) dx = -- - - tan x + x

3a a

f tanft-lax f

423. (tan"ax)dx= - (tanft-2ax)dx

a(n - 1)

.;

424. f (cot" ax) dx = -~ cot ax - x

f 1 1.

425. (cot3 ax) dx = - - cot" ax - -log sm ax

2a a

f 1 1

426. (cot" ax) dx = - - cor' ax + - cot ax + x

3a a

429

430

Calculus

427. f (cot" ax) dx =

INTEGRALS (ContiDued) cotn-I ax f

--- - (cotn-2ax)dx

a(n - 1)

f x f x cot ax 1

428. -'-2- dx = x(csc2 ax) dx = - + zlog sin ax

Sin ax a a

f x f x cos ax

429. -.-- dx = x(cscn ax) dx = - . I

sin" ax a(n - 1) sin"" ax

1 (n - 2)f x d

- +--- x

a2(n -l)(n - 2)sinn-2ax (n -1) sinn-2ax

430. f ~ dx = f x(sec2 ax) dx = ~ x tan ax + _; log cos ax

cos ax a a

f x f xsin ax

431. --- dx = xtsec" ax) dx = -----~-

cos" ax ain - l) cosn-I ax

1 n-2f x

- + -- dx

a2(n - l)(n - 2)cos·-2 ax n - 1 cosn-2 ax

f sin ax 1 I b cos ax

432. dx = - -sin-

Jl + b2 sin ' ax ab .j1+b2

f sin ax 1 J'

433. dx = - -log (b cos ax + 1 - b2 sin? ax)

Jl - b2 sin2 ax ab

f cos ax

434~ (sin ax)Jl + b2 sin? ax dx = --- Jl + b2 sin? ax 2a

1 + b2 • _ I b cos ax ---sm

2ab .j1+b2

f J 2 2 cosaxJ 2 2

435. (sin ax) 1 - b sin axdx = - -- 1 - b sin ax 2a

1 - b2 ~-- ----=,"-_,,---

- ~ log (b cos ax + Jl - b2 sirr' ax)

Of cos ax 1

436. It dx = -log (b sin ax + Jl + b2 sin2 ax)

yl+b2sin2ax ab .

f cos ax 1

437. dx = -sin-I (b sin ax)

. Jl - b2sin2ax ab

~: f (cos ax) Jl + b2 sin2 ax dx = Si~:X Jl + b2 sin? ax 1 '

+ -log (b sin ax + Jl + b2 sin2 ax) 2ab

Calculus

431

INTEGRAlS (ContiDued)

439. f(COS ax) JI - b2 sin? ax dx = sin ax JI - b2 sin? ax + _1_ sin -I (b sin ax)

2a 2ab

f dx ± 1 . - 1 (R- b. )

440. = sm --smex ,

Ja + b tan? ex e~ a

(a> Ibl)

7C 7C

[use + if (2k - I) 2 < x ::; (2k + I) 2' otherwise -; k an integer]

FORMS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

f y'l - a2x2

441. (sin-' ax)dx = xsin-' ax + a

f JI - a2x2

442. (cos-I ax) dx = x cos-I ax - a

443. f(tan -I ax) dx = x tan -I ax - 2_ log (l + a2x2) 2a

444. f(cot-1 ax) dx = x cot-I ax + 2_ log (l + a2x2)

2a

445. f (sec-1 ax) dx = x sec-1 ax - ~ log (ax + J a2x2 - 1)

446. f (csc-1 ax) dx = x csc-I ax + ~ log (ax + J a2x2 - 1)

447. f (Sin-'~) dx = x sin "! ~ + Ja2 - x2, (a> 0)

448. f (COS-l~) dx = x cos " ' ~ - Ja2 - x2, (a> 0)

449. f (tan - I ~) dx = x tan - I ~ - i log (a2 + x2)

450. f(COt-l~) dx = xcot-l~ + ~IOg(a2 + x2)

451. f x[sin - 1 (ax)] dx = ~J(2a2 x2 - I) sin - I (ax) + ax J 1 - a2 x2] ~2. J x[cos-'(ax)]dx == ~2[(2a2x2 - 1) cos-1 (ax) - axJ1 - a2x2]

432

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Coodmued)

f X"+I a f xn+'dx

453. x"[sin-'(ax)]dx = --sin-'(ax) - -_ ,

n + 1 n + 1 Jl _ a2x2

f X"+I a f x"+'dx

454. xn[cos-I(ax)]dx = _-COS-I (ax) + -- ;

n + 1 n + 1 Jl - a2x2

f 1 + a2x2 x

455. x(tan - I ax) dx = 2" tan - I ax - -

2a 2a

f xn+1 a f xn+1

456. x"(tan-I ax)dx = -_ tan-I ax - -- 2 2 dx

n+l n+l l+ax

f 1 + a2x2 x

457. x(cot-I ax) dx = 2 cot-I ax + -

2a 2a

458. fxn(cot-'aX)dX = xn+1 cot-lax + _a_f xn+1 dx

n + 1 n + 1 1 + a2 x2

fSin-' (ax) (1 - Jl - a2x2)

459. 2 dx = a log

x x

sin - I (ax) x

f 2~I-a~2

463. (sin - I ax)2 dx = x(sin - I ax)2 - 2x + a sin - 1 ax

I 2~I-a~2

464. (COS-I ax)2 dx = x(cos-I ax)2 - 2x - a COS-I ax

465. f (sin -I ax)" dx~=

n~1 - a2x2

x(sin - 1 ax)" + (sin -I ax)n-I

a

(n ¥- - I)

(n ¥- -1)

or

[;]

n!

I (-1)' x(sin -1 axr2,

,=0 (n - 2r)!

["-IJ

""2 n! /1 _ a2x2

+ L (-1)' v (sin "! axt-2,-1

,=0 (n - 2r - 1)!a

Note: [s] means greatest integer ~ s. Thus [3.5J means 3; [5J = 5, m = o.

Calculus

433

INI'EGRAlS (ContiDued)

466. f (COS-I axf dx =

-n(n - 1) f (COS-I ax)n-2dx

m n!

I (-If x(cos-I ax)n-2,

,=0 (n - 2r)!

[.-1]

-r n !Jl - a2x2

- I (-1)' (COS-I axr-2,-1

,=0 (n - 2r - l)!a

467. f 1 (sin - I ax) dx = _!_(sin - I ax)2

Jl - a2x2 2a

or

ftan-Iax 1 -12

471. 2 2 dx = -2 (tan ax)

a x + 1 a

f cot "! ax 1

472. 2 2 dx = --2 (cot-I ax)2

a x + 1 a

473. f x sec-I ax dx = x2 sec-I ax - ~Ja2x2 - 1

2 2a

f x"+ I 1 f x" dx

474. x" sec-I ax dx = _-sec-I ax - -- J

n + 1 n + 1 a2 x2 - 1

476. I x esc - I ax dx = x2 esc - I ax + ~ J a2 x2 - 1

2 20

I X"+I 1 I x"dx

477. x"csc-I axdx = --esc-I ax +--

n + 1 n + 1 J a2x2 - 1

434

Calculus

INTEGRALS (Coatiaued)

f esc -I ax esc - 1 ax J a2 x2 - 1

478. dx = - - ----

x2 X X

FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

479. ff(Sinx)dx = 2ff(~)~'

l+z l+z

480. ff(COS x)dx = 2 ff(l - z:) ~,

l+z I+z

*481. f f(sin x)dx = f feu) P' (u = sin x)

*482. f f(cos x) dx = - f feu) P' (u = cos x) *483. f f(sin x, cos x) dx = f feu, JJ=7) J 1 d: u2'

(z = tan~) (z = tan i)

(u "-' sin x)

f f (2Z 1 - Z2) dz

484. f(sin x, cos x) dx = 2 f --2' --2 --2' I+z I+z I+z

LOGARITHMIC FORMS 485. f (log x)dx = x log x - x

f X2 x2

486. x(log x) dx = 2 log x - "4

f x"+J X"+I

488. x"(log ax) dx = --log ax - 2

n + 1 (n + I)

489. f (log X)2 dx = x(log X)2 - 2x log x + 2x

j x(log x)" - n f (Iogx)"-Idx.

490. f (log x)" dx -;, or

(-Ifn'x ± (-Iogxr

• r=O r!

(n ¥- -I)

• The square roots appearing in these formulas may be plus or minus. depending on the quadrant of x. Care must be used to give them the proper sign.

Calculus

435

INTEGRAlS (CoatiDued)

f (log X)" 1

491. --dx = -_(logx)n+1

X n + 1

f dx (log X)2 (log X)3

492. log x = log (log x) + log x + 2T! + 3.3! + ...

493. f ~ = log (log x) xlogx

494. f dx = _ 1

x(log x)" (n - 1)(logx)" 1

f x'" dx x'" + 1 m + 1 f x" dx

495 --- - +--

. (log x)" - (n - 1)(log x)" 1 n - 1 (log x)" 1

x"+ 1(log x)" __ n_ f x"'(Iog X)"-I dx

m+l m+l

496. f x"'(Iog x)" dx = or

n! " (-log x)"

( -1)" _-x" + 1 ~ __ ..:___

m + 1 ';'0 r!(m + lrr

497. f sin(log x) dx = 1x sin(log x) - 1X cos(log x)

498. f cos(log x) dx = h sin(log x) + 1x cos(log x)

fax + b

499. [Iog(ax + b)] dx = -a-Iog(ax + b) - x

500 f log(ax + b) d a I ax + b I b)

. x2 X = b og x - b;- og(ax +

591. f x'"[log(ax + b)] dx = m ~ ~ [x"'+ I - ( -~r+ IJ log(ax + b)

__ 1 (_~),"+I "'f ~(_ ax)'

m + 1 a ,= I r b

592. f log(ax + b) dx = __ l_log(ax + b) + _1_( _~)"'-I log ax + b

x" m-l X"'I m-l b x

+ _1_(_~)"'-1 "'I2 ~(-!!..)',(m > 2)

_ m - 1 b r= I r ax

593. J [lOg: ~ :J dx = (x + a) log (x + a) - (x - a) log (x - a)

J [. x + aJ x"'+1 - (_a)",+l X",+I - a",+l

594. x'" log-- dx = log (x + a) - 1 log(x - a)

x-a m+l m+

2a'"+ 1 [m; I] 1 (X)"'-2'+2

+-- L -

m + 1 ,= I m - 2r + 2 a

436

Calculus

INTEGRAIS (ContiDued)

I 1 [ x + aJ 1 x - a I x2 - a2

505. 2" log-- dx = -Iog-- - -log 2

x x-a x x+a a x

(b) J4ae - b2 2ex + b

x + -2 log X - 2x + tan - 1 J '

e c 4ae - b2

(b2 - 4ae < 0)

or

506. I (log X) dx =

(b) Jb2 - 4ae 2ex + b

x + - log X - 2x + tanh - 1 J '

2c e b2 - 4ac

(b2 - 4ae > 0)

where

X = a + bx + ex"

IX' + 1 2c I x· + 2 b I x' + 1

507. x"(log X) dx = --log X - -- -- dx - -- -- dx

n+l n+l X n+l X

where X = a + bx + cx2

508. I [log (x2 + a2)] dx = x log (x2 + a2) - 2x + 2a tan -1 ~

I x+a

509. [log (x2 - a2)] dx = x log (x2 - a2) - 2x + a log-x-a

I log (x + Jx2 + a2)

514. 2 dx =

x

1 I xm+ 1 •

--- dx

m + 1 Jx2 ± a?,.,

log (x + J x2 + a2) 1 a + J x2 + a2 __::-'-----'-----....:. - -log -----'---

x a x

log (x + Jx2 - a2) 1 -1 X ------,~--- + - sec -

x lal a

Calculus

437

516. f x· log (x2 - a2) dx =

INTEGRALS (COlltiDued)

_1_[X.+lIOg(X2 _ a2) - an+1Iog(x - a) n + 1

[~] a2'x·- 2r+ CJ -( -sr: 1 log (x + a) - 2 I ----::---,,;0 n - 2r + 1

EXPONENTIAL FORMS

517. f e" dx = e"

518. f e-X dx = -«>

f e"

519. e"X dx = ~

520. f x e"X dx = ~: (ax - 1)

x" e"X m f

__ - - x" - 1 e"X dx

a a

521. f x'" e"X dx =

or

.. m!x'"-'

e" " (-1 r ---:---c-:-

,~o (m - r)!ar+ 1

f e"X dx ax a2x2 a3x3

522. _- = log x + - + -- + - + ...

x l! 2·2! 3·3!

f e"x 1 e"'" a f e"X

523. -dx= -----+-- --dx

x'" m-lx .. -1 m-l x .. -1

f ~ log x 1 f e"X

524. e"X log x dx = - - - dx

a a x

525. f ~ = x - log (1 + eX) = log 1 eX "'"

l+eX +c:

f dx x 1 x

526. = - - -log (a + be' )

a + be"' a ap

527. f x dx = l/:Ltan-1 (e"'j~b)'

ae" + be"x my' ab

(a> O,b > 0)

f dx

528. a,emx _ be .. "

I 1 Ja e"'x - .jb

--log~--~

2mJab Ja e"''' + .jb

or

(a> O,b > 0)

438

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Coatiuued)

fax + a-X

529. (aX - a-X)dx == 1

oga

f e"X 1

530. b dx = -log (b + ee"X)

+ ce" ae

J x e" e"X

531. 2 dx = -;20----

(1 + ax) a (1 + ax)

532. f x e :" dx = -j «='

f x • e":C[a sin (bx) - b cos (bx)]

533. e" [sin (bx)] dx = 2 b2

a +

f e"X[(b - c) sin (b - e)x + a cos (b - e)x]

534. e"" [sin (bx)] [sin (ex)] dx = 2[a2 + (b _ ef]

e"X[(b + c) sin (b + e)x + a cos (b + e)x] 2[a2 + (b + e)2]

e"X[a sin (b - e)x - (b - c) cos (b - e)x]

2[a2 + (b - e)2]

e"X[a sin (b + e)x - (b + c) cos (b + e)x]

+ 2[a2 + (b + d]

or

J e"X

535. e"X[sin (bx)][cos(ex)] dx = p[(asinbx - bcosbx)[cos(ex - 0:)]

-e(sin bx) sin (ex - 0:)]

where

p = J(a2 + b2 _ e2)2 + 4a2e2, pcoso: = a2 + b2 _ c',

p sin 0: = 2ae

536. f e"X[sin (bx)][sin (bx + c)] dx

e"X cos e e"X[o cos (2bx + c) + 2b sin (2bx + c)]

20 2(a2 + 4b2)

537. f e""[sin (bx)] [cos (bx + -n dx

-e"" sin e e"X[a sin (2bx + c) - 2b cos (2bx + c)]

= 2a + 2(a2 + 4b2)

538.

f e" .

e""[cos (bx)] dx = 2 2 [a cos (bx) + b sin (bx)]

a + b

Calculus

439

INTEGRALS (CoatiDuecl)

539. f lfX[cos (bx)][cos (ex)] dx = e"X[(b - e) sin (~ - e)x + ~ cos (b - e)x] 2[a + (b - e) ]

e"X[(b + e) sin (b + e)x + a cos (b + e)x]

+----------~----~~-------

2[a2 + (b + e)2]

540. f e"X[cos (bx)] [cos (bx + e)] dx

eQX cos e e"X[a cos (2bx + e) + 2b sin (2bx + e)]

= + --=---------~--~-----'-------_:_:

2a 2(a2 + 4b2)

541. f e"X[cos (bx)] [sin (bx + e)] dx

e" sin e e"X[a sin (2bx + e) - 2b cos (2bx + e)]

=----- +

2a 2(a2 + 4b2)

542. f eQX[sinn bx] dx = 2 1 2 2 [(a sin bx - nb cos bx) e"X sin"-l bx a + n b

+n(n -J)b2 f e"X[Sin.-2bX]dX]

543. f e"X[cos· bx] dx = a2 +1 n2b2[(a cos bx + nb sin bx) e" cos·-1 bx

+n(n - 1)b2 f e"X[cos·-2 bx] dX]

544. f x'" e" sin x dx = ~x" e""(sin x - cos x) - ~ f x"'-1 e" sin x dx

+'i f x"'-1 e" cos x dx

545. f x'" lfX[sin bx] dx =

a sin bx - b cos bx

x'" e" 2 b2

a +

- 2 m 2 f x"'-1 lfX(a sin bx - b cos bx) dx a + b

or

'" (-1Ym!x"'-' .

IfX L .+1 ),sm[bx - (r + 1)a]

.=0 P (m - r .

where

pcosa. = a,

p sin a. = b

546. f x'" e"" cos x dx = ~x'" e""(sin x + cos x)

-~f x"'-1 e""sinxdx - ~fx"'-l ei cee x dx

2 2·

440

547. f x'" e'''' cos bx dx =

548. f e"(cosftl x)(sinn x) dx =

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (Owti ...... ) x a cos bx + b sin bx

x" e" 2 b2

a +

- al : b2 f xm-I e""(a cos bx + b sin bx) dx

or

m (-I)'m !x"'-'

e"" I r+ I( )1 cos [bx - (r + l)a]

,=0 p m - r .

where

p = Ja2 + bl, p cos a. = a, p sin a. = b

e"" cosm-I X sin" x[a cos x + (m + n) sin x] (m + n)2 + a2

na f

- e""(cosftl - 1 x)(sinn - 1 x) dx

(m + n)2 + a2

(m - I)(m + n)f

+ ( )2 2 e"X(cosftl-2 xHsinn x)dx

m + n + a

or

e"" cos" x sin"-' x[a sin x - (m + n) cos x] (m + n)2 + a2

+ rna fe""(Cos .. -1X)(Sinn-1X)dX

(m + n)l + a2

(n - l)(m + n)f

+ 1 1 e""(cosmx)(sinn-lx)dx

(m + n) + a

or

e"X(cos .. -1 x)(sin"-l x)(a sin x cos x + m sinl x - n cos2 x) (m + n)l + a2

+ ( m(m); 1) 2 J e"(cos"'- 2 x)(sinn x) dx m + n + a

n(n - I) f .

+ )2 2 e"X(Cos"'x)(smn-2x)dx

(m + n + a

or

e""(cosftl-1 x)(sinn-1 x)(acosxsinx + msin2 x - ncos2 x) (m + n)2 + a2

+ m(m - I) J e""(cos .. -l x)(sinn-l x)dx (m + n)2 + a2

(n - m)(n + m - I)f . 1

+ ( )2 2 . e""(cos'" x)(smn- x) dx

m + n + a

Calculus

441

INTEGRALS (Coadaaed)

549. f xeu(sinbx)dx = a;~xb2(aSinbX - b cos bx)

(a2 ~xb2)J(a2 - b2) sin bx - 2ab cos bx]

f x e"X

5SO. x e"X(cos bx) dx = -2--2 (a cos bx + b sin bx)

a + b

e"X

2 2 2 [(a2 - b2) cos bx + 2ab sin bx]

(a + b )

551. f .e"x dx = _ e""[a sin x + (n -.2)cosx] + a2 + (n - 2)2 f . e"x dx

sin" x (n - l)(n - 2) sin" 1 x (n - l)(n - 2) sm"-2 x

2 f e" d e""[a cos x -en - 2) sin x] a2 + (n - 2)2 f e"" d

55. --X=- + x

cos" x (n - l)(n - 2) cos" 1 x (n - l)(n - 2) cos" 2 X

f tanft-I x a f f

553. e"X tan" x dx = e"X - -- e"X tan" - 1 X dx - e"" tan" - 2 X dx

n-l n-l

HYPERBOLIC FORMS

554. f (sinh x) dx = cosh x SS5. f (cosh x) dx = sinh x

556. f (tanh x) dx = log cosh x

557. f (coth x) dx = log sinh x 5SS. f (sech x) dx = tan -I (sinh x)

559. f csch x dx = log tanh (i)

560. f x(sinh x) dx = x cosh x - sinh x

561. f X-(sinh x) dx = x- cosh x - n f x" - '(cosh x) dx

562. f x(cosh x) dx = x sinh x - cosh x

563. f x"(cosh x) dx = x- sinh x - n f x--'(sinh x) dx

442

Calculus

INfEGRAIS (Coatiaued)

564. I (sech x)(tanh x) dx = - sech x

565. I (csch xHcoth x) dx = - csch x

I sinh 2x x

566. (sinh ' x)dx = -4- - 2

567. I (sinhm x)(cosh" x) dx =

568. I dx = or

(sinh" x)(coshn x)

1

--(sinhm+ 1 x)(COsh,,-l x)

m +n

n-1I

+ -- (sinh" x)(COSh"-2 x)dx

m + n

or

1

--sinhm-1 x cosh" + I x m + n

m -lI

- -- (sinh" - 2 x)(cosh" x) dx,

m+n

(m + n of- 0)

(m - l)(sinh",-l x)(cosh" 1 x)

m+n-2I dx

- m - 1 (sinh",-2 x)(cosh" x)'

(m of- 1)

(n - 1) sinhm-I x cosh" I x

m + n - 2I dx

+ n - 1 (sinh'" x)(COSh,,-2 x)'

(n of- 1)

569. I (tanh! x) dx = x - tanh x

I tanh"-l x I

570. (tanh" x) dx = - + (tanh" - 2 x) dx,

n-l

571. I (sech" x) dx = tanh x

f sinh2x x

572. (COSh2 x)dx = -4- + 2

573. f (coth'' x) dx = x - coth x

I coth,,-lX I

574. (coth" x)dx = - +'coth,,-2 xdx,

n - 1

(n of- 1)

(n of- 1)

Calculus

INTEGRAlS (CoatiDued)

575. I (csch" x) dx = -ctnh x

I . sinh (m + n)x sinh (m - n)x

576. (sinh mx)(smh nx) dx = - ,

2(m + n) 2(m - n)

I sinh (m + n)x sinh (m - n)x

577. (cosh mx)(cosh nx) dx = + ,

2(m + n) 2(m - n)

I cosh (m + n)x cosh (m - n)x

578. (sinh mx)(cosh nx) dx = + ,

2(m + n) 2(m - n)

579. I (sinh -1 ~) dx = x sinh - I ~ - J x2 + a2, (a > 0)

580. I x(sinh-I~) dx = (~2 + ~2) sinh-I ~ - iJx2 + a2,

I xn+1 1 I x·+1

581. X-(sinh -I x) dx, = -- sinh -I x - -- ( 2)t dx,

n+l n+l l+x

or

585. I (tanh -I ~) dx = x tanh -I ~ + ~ log (a2 - x2),

586. I (coth -I ~) dx = x coth -I ~ + ~ log (x2 - a2),

443

(a> 0)

(n # -1)

(I~I < I) (I~I > 1) (I~I < 1)

587. I x(tanh-I~) dx = x2 ; a2 tanh-I ~ + a;,

588. Ix-(tanh-1x}dX= x-+I tanh-1x--1-I X·+12dx,

n+l n+l I-x

589. f x(coth-I~} dx = X2; a2 coth-I~ + a;, (I~I > 1)

590. fX-(Coth-1 x)dx = X-+1 coth-I X + -1-f ~+I dx,

n+l n+l x-I

(COSh-l~ < 0),

I (x) 2X2 - a2 x x

583. x cosh - 1 - dx = cosh - 1 - - _(x2 _ a2)t

a 4 a 4

I x-+I 1 I xn+1

584. X-(cosh - I x) dx = -- cosh -I x - --1 (2 l)t dx,

n+l n+ x-

(a> 0)

(n # -1)

(n # -1)

(n # -1)

444

Calculus

DEFINITE INTEGRALS 591. f (sech -1 X) dx = X sech - t X + sin - t X

593. f x" sech - t X dx = x" + 1 sech - 1 X + _1 - f Xn 2 t dx,

n+l n+l (I-x)

594. f csch - 1 x dx = x csch - 1 x + ~ sinh - 1 x

Ixl

f X2 1 x

595. xcsch-1 xdx = 2csch-l x + 21xl~

f x,,+t 1 x f xn

596. x" csch - 1 X dx = --1 csch - 1 x + -- - 2 )t dx,

n + n + 1 Ixl (x + 1

DEFINITE INTEGRALS

fa::> fl( 1),,-1 1 00 (1 +~r

597. x"- t e-JC dx = log - dx = - n -'----'-

o 0 X n,"=1 n

1 +m

(n # -1)

(n # -1)

fOO -r nl

598. t"p dt = (1 r+1'

o ogp

(n = 0, 1,2,3, ... and p > 0)

(Gamma Function)

= rcn), n #- 0, -1, - 2, - 3, ...

599. fa::> r :' e-(a+ Or dt = ~,

o (a + I)"

fl (I)" rcn + 1)

600. 0 x'" log~ dx = (m + lr+1'

(n > 0, a> -1)

(m> -1, n > -1)

601. rcn) is finite if n > 0, rcn + 1) = nrcn)

1[

602. rcn)· r(l - n) = -. -

sin n1[

603. rcn) = (n - 1)1 if n = integer> 0

604. r(!) = 2 f.oo e-r2 dt = In = 1.7724538509··· = (-i)l

e

1 1 ·3·5 ... (2n - 1) r:

605. rCn + "l} = 2" v 1[

n = 1,2,3, ...

n = 1,2,3, ...

Calculus

445

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Condnued)

JI J'" x"'-I rem)ren)

6fY1. Xlll-I(l - X)"-I dx = dx = = B(m, n)

o 0 (1 + x),"+n rem + n)

(Beta function)

f(m}r(n) , ,

608. B(m, n) = B(n, m) = , where m and n are any posrtive real numbers,

f(m + n)

609. fb (x _ a)'"(b _ xf dx = (b _ a)'"+.+ I rem + 1), f(n + 1),

• rem + n + 2)

610. f"" dx = _1_, [m> 1] 1 x" m-l

611. J"" ( dx )X, = 1t CSC pn, [p < 1]

o 1 + x

612. L"" (1 ~:)X' = -1t cot p1t, [p < 1]

J"" Xp-l dx 1t

613. =-,-

o l+x smp1t

= B(p, 1 - p) = rep)f(l - p),

(m > -1, n > -1, b > a)

[0 < p < 1]

[0 < m < n]

(a + 1)

a > -1, b > 0, m > 0, C > -b-

J"" dx

.. 616. 0 (1 + x)Jx = 1t

1."" a dx 1t 'f 0 'f 0 1t 'f 0

617. 1 1 = -,I a> 0; ,I a = ; --2,1 a <

o a + x 2

[2 2; If 2 2" 1·3·5 .. ,n 1t +1

618. (a - x ) dx = - (a - x )2 dx = ' - , a"

o 2 _. 2·4·6 .. , (n + 1) 2

(n odd)

446

Calculus

f"12

620. 0 (sin" x) dx =

DEFINlI'E INrEGRAI.S (Coadoaed)

f"12

o (cos" x)dx

or

1·3·5·7 (n -1)n

2·4·6·8 (n) 2'

(n an even integer, n of 0)

or

2·4·6·8 (n -1)

1 . 3· 5· 7 (n) ,

(n an odd integer, n of 1)

or

Jnr(~) 2 r{i + 1)'

foc sin mx dx n n .

621. =-,ifm>0;0,ifm=0;--2,lfm<0

o x 2

(n > -1)

f"" cosxdx

622. = 00

o x

623. foo tanxdx = ~

o x 2

624. L" sin ax . sin bx dx = L"cos ax . cos bx dx = 0,

(a of b; a, b integers)

625. fl. [sin (ax)] [cos (ax)] dx = 1" [sin (ax)] [cos (ax)] dx = 0

626. f" [sin (ax)] [cos (bx)] dx = A, if a - b is odd. or 0 if a - b is even

o a - b

[sin x cos mx dx 627.

o x

= O. if m < -1 or m > 1; i. if m = ± 1; i. if m2 < 1 628. f"" sin ax sin bx dx = na

o x2 2 '

(a :$ b)

flO f" n

629. sin2 mx dx = cos! mx dx = -

o 0 2

630 L"" sin2 (px) d _ xp

• 2 X --

o x 2

Calculus

447

DEFINITE INTEGRAlS (Continued)

I'" sin x rr

631. -dx = ,

o xP 2r(p) sin (prr/2)

632. IO:> cos x dx = rr ,

o xP 2r(p) cos (prr/2)

633. Ioo 1 - cos px dx = 1tp

o x2 2

Ioo sin px cos q x { 11: 11: }

634. 0 x dx = 0, q > p > 0; 2' p > q > 0; 4' p = q > 0

O<p<1

0< p < 1

635. I'" cos (mx) dx = !!_ e-1ml", (a > 0)

o x2 + a2 2a

636. Ioo cos (x2) dx = Ioo sin (x2) dx = ~ ~

o 0 2-./2

I'" 1 11:

637. sin axn dx = -I-I r(l In) sin -,

o na n 2n

I'" 1 1t

638. 0 cos axn dx = na1/n r(l/n) cos 2n'

f'" sin x I'" cos x d

639. --dx = -- x =

oJx oJx

I'" sin ' x 3

640. -2- dx = -log 3

o x 4

I'" sirr' x 311:

641 --dx =-

• 0 x3 8

I'" sin" x _ 11:

642. -4- dx - -3

o x

I"/2 dx

643. ----

o l+acosx

I" dx 1t

644. 0 a + bcosx = Ja2 _ b2'

I2" dx 21t

645. 0 1 + acosx ~'

I'" cos ax - cos bx I b

646. dx = og-

o x a

I"/2 dx 1t

fJin. 0 a2 sin2 x + b2 cos" X = -2a-b

n > 1

n > 1

(a < 1)

(a> b ~ 0)

(a2 < 1)

448

Calculus

DEFINITE INTEGRAlS (Condaaed)

(a,b > 0)

649. {'Il sinn-1 X cosm-I X dx = ~B (~,~),

i"12 2·4·6 (2n)

650. (sirr'?" 1 0) dO = . . . ,

o 1·3·5 ... (2n+l)

651. i"12 (sirr" 0) dO = 1 ·3·5 (2n - 1) (~),

o 2 ·4 (2n) L.

652. ("12 _.:._ dx = 2 {~ _ ~ + ~ _ ~ + .. }

Jo sin X 12 32 52 72

iffl2 dx tt

653. -

o 1 + tan" x 4

i"12 (2n)f

654. FoS8 dO = --I -2

o [f(4)]

m and n positive integers

(n = 1,2,3 ... )

(n = 1,2,3 ... )

("12 n

655. Jo (tanh 0) dO = (hn) ,

2cos "2

656 (00 tan-I (ax) - tan-I (bx)d _ n1 a (a, b > 0)

. Jo x x - 2" og b'

b b b

657. The area enclosed by a curve defined through the equation XC + y< = a";; where a > 0, c a positive odd integer and b a positive even integer is given by

[~(~) r (2ea2)

r(2;) b

(0 < h < 1)

658. 1= f f f xh-1y"'-1z"-1 dv, where R denotes the region of space bounded by

R :

the co-ordinate planes and that portion of the surface (~r + (~r + (~r = 1,

which lies in the first octant and where h, m, n, p, q, k, a, b, e, denote positive real numbers is given by

f:xh-1dx t[I-lmt y"'dy t[I-(;),-I~)']t zn-'dz

= ahbm~ r(~)r(~)r(~)

pqk r(~ + ~ + ~ + 1)

p q k

Calculus

449

DEIi1NITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

foo 1

659. e-ax dx =-,

o a

(a> 0)

foo =ax -r bx b

e - e

660. dx = log-,

o X a

(a, b > 0)

r(n + 1)

a"+ I '

(n > -1, a > 0)

or

n!

a"+ l'

(a > 0, n positive integer)

fOO f(k) ( n + 1)

662. xnexp(-axP)dx = -t' n> -l,p > O,a > O,k =--

o pa p

foo 22 1 r: 1 (1)

663. e"" x dx = -. yn = -r - ,

o 2a 2a 2

(a> 0)

666 foo 2. -ax2 d 1 ·3·5 ... (2n - I)A

• x e X= -

o 2"+la" a

foo n'

667 X2.+1 e-ax2 dx = _"_

• 0 2a·+I'

(a> 0)

fl m! [ .. a']

668. x" e-ax dx = -----:j:1 1 - e-a I -.

. 0 a'" ,=0 r"

foo ( ') e-2a ~

669. 0 e -x' -? dx = 2 y 7' ,

(a 2! 0)

foo 1 rx

670. 0 e-ItXJx dx = 2n..J~

foo e-ax r;

671. 0 JxdX =..J-;

foo a

672. e-tlX(cos mx)dx = 2 2'

o a + m

foo m

673. e-tlX(sinmx)dx=:, 2 2'

o a + m

(a> 0)

(a> 0)

450

Calculus

DEFINITE INTEGRAlS (ContIDIled)

f<Xl 2ab

674. x e-aX[sin (bx)) dx = 2 b2)2' (a > 0)

o (a +

f<Xl a2 - b2

675. x e-ax[cos(bx)]dx = 2 b22'

o (a + )

(a> 0)

f<Xl ft -ax' _n![(a-ibt+I-(a+ib)"+l]

676. x e [sin (bx)] dx - 2 b2 + 1 '

o 2(a + )"

f<Xl " -ax _ n ![(a - ib)" + 1 + (a + ibt+ I]

677. x e [cos (bx)] dx - 2 2 + 1 '

o 2(a + b )"

(j2 = -l,a > 0)

(i2 = -1, a > 0)

foo e :"' sin x

678. dx = cot-I a,

o x

(a> 0)

679. {<Xl e-alx1 cos bx dx = {; exp ( - ::2)' (ab # 0)

~. {<Xl e-tcos,; ~-I sin (t sin 1/» dt = [reb)] sin (bl/», (b > 0, -i < I/> < i)

681. f" e-tc05cf>~-I[cos(tsinl/»]dt = [r(b)] cos (bl/», (b > 0, -i < I/> < i)

682. {<Xl ~-I cos t dt = [f(b)] cos (b27t) , (0 < b < 1)

683. Loo ~-I (sin t) dt = [r(b)] sin (b;), (0 < b < 1)

684. f (log x)" dx = (-l)"·n!

685. f (IOg~r dx = f

II ( 1) -t

686. 0 log~ dx = fi

687. f (IOg~r dx = n!

688. f x log (1;- x) dx = -1

689. r xlog(1 + x)dx =!

I (-lfn!

690. x"'(log xt dx = \11+ I'

o (m + 1,

m > -1, n ,= 0, 1,2, ...

If n # 0,1,2, ... replace n! by f(n + 1).

Calculus

DEFINITE INfEGRAlS (CoatiaIecI)

r log X x2

691. --dx = --

o 1 + x 12

f.l log X x2

692. --dx = --

o 1 - x 6

Il log (1 + x) x2

693. dx =-

o x 12

694. Il log (1 - x) dx = _ x2

o x 6

Il ~

695. (log x)[log (1 + x)] dx = 2 - 2 log 2 - -

o 12

f.l X2

696. (log x) [log (1 - x)]dx = 2 --

o 6

f.l log X x2

697. --2 dx = --

o 1 - x 8

698. Il log (1 + X) . dx = x2

o I-x x 4

f.l log x dx x I 2

699. = -- og

o~ 2

f.l [(I)JW r(n + 1)

700. 0 x" log ~ dx = (m + 1)"+ l'

f.l(XP-x'l)dX (P+l)

701. I = log --1 '

o ogx q +

if m + 1 > 0, n + 1 > 0

(p + 1 > 0, q + 1 > 0)

f.l dx r:

702. 0 JIOg (~) = V x

703. Loo log (~ ~ ~) dx = ~2

f."/2 I" X

704. 0 (log sin x) dx = 0 log cos x dx = -2" log 2

f."12 f."12 X

70s. 0 (log sec x) dx = 0 log esc x dx = 2" log 2

I" X2

706. 0 x(log sin x) dx = -"2 log 2

f."/2

707. 0 (sin x)(log sin x) dx = log 2 - 1

451

452

Calculus

DEFINITE INfEGRAIS (Coatiuued)

f1C12

708. 0 (log tan x) dx = 0

f" (a + .j a2 b2)

709. 0 log (a ± b cos x) dx = tt log 2 - , (a ~ b)

f" {2n log a, a ~ b > 0

710. log (a2 - 2ab cos x + b2) dx =

o 2n log b, b ~ a > 0

fa:> sin ax n an

711. 0 sinh bx dx = 2b tanh 2b

fa:> cos ax n an

712. --- dx = - sech -

o cosh bx 2b 2b

fa:> dx n

713. --=o coshax 2a

fa:> xdx n2 714. --=o sinh ax 4a2

715. foo e-aJe(coshbx)dx = 2 a b2'

o a -

foo b

716. e-aJe(sinh bx) dx = 2 b2'

o a -

fa:> sinh ax n an 1

717. --dx = -csc- --

o ebx + 1 2b b 2a

fa:> sinh ax 1 n an

718. --dx = - - -cot-

o ebJe_l 2a 2b b

719. r: dx = ~[1 + (~) 2 k2 + (~) \4

Jo Jl-k2sin2x 2 2 2·4

( 1 . 3 . 5) 2 6 ]. 2

+ 2.4.6 k + ... ,lfk <1

(O:s;; Ibl < a)

(O:s;; Ibl < a)

r n[ (1}2 (1.3)2 k4

720. Jl - k2 sirr' x dx = - 1 - - k2 - - -

o 2 2 2·4 3

(1 . 3 . 5) 2 k6 ]

- _. _ - - ... ,if k2 < 1

2 ·4·6 5

721. La:> e-Xlogxdx = -y = -0.5772157 ...

722. L'" e-Je1logxdx = - f(y + 2 log 2)

Calculus

453

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (CoatiDued,

fao (e" + 1) 1[2

723. 0 log e" _ 1 dx = 4

724. fao ( 1 -x -!) e-X dx = y = 0.5772157 ...

o 1 - e x

725. fao ~(_1 __ e-x) dx = y = 0.5772157 ... o x 1 + x

[Euler's Constant]