Chapter 1

ACHIEVING A TOP GMAT SCORE

PREPARING FOR THE GMAT CAT

By reviewing and studying this book, you can achieve a top score on
the computer-adaptive Graduate Management Admission Test. The GMAT
CAT is probably different from any exam you have taken in college. First, it
is administered only on computer, whereas most of the tests you have taken
in your collegiate life have likely been of the paper-and-pencil variety.
Second, it does not test prior knowledge of facts specific to any subject or
field of study; rather, it tests quantitative and verbal skills. Perhaps the tests
most similar to the GMAT CAT were your general college entrance exams,
which also tested verbal and quantitative skills, rather than prior knowledge
of facts specific to any subject or field of study.
The exams included in this book contain more questions than the com-
puter-adaptive GMAT, in order to provide a score that is roughly compa-
rable to the actual computer-adaptive test. The practice exams and drills we
provide include every type of question that can be expected on the GMAT
CAT. Accompanying each practice exam is an answer key, complete with
detailed explanations and solutions designed to clarify the material. Our
objective is not only to provide the answers, but also to explain why the
answer to a particular question is more acceptable than the other possible
choices. By completing all the practice exams and studying the explanations
that follow, you can discover your strengths and weaknesses. This will allow
you to concentrate on the sections of the exam that you find most difficult.

ABOUT OUR TEST EXPERTS

To ensure that our GMAT CAT practice exams provide you with both
score comparability and the proper degree of difficulty, every exam section
has been carefully prepared by test experts in the various fields correlating
to the content areas of the GMAT. Our authors have taken care to examine
and research the mechanics of the actual GMAT CAT. Having studied at the
master’s and doctoral level and taught in their respective fields at competi-
tive colleges and universities throughout the United States, our experts are

3
GMAT

highly regarded in the educational community. In this book they bring to

bear the weight of their research and classroom experience.

ABOUT THE TEST

Who Takes the Test and What is its Purpose?
The GMAT is required by graduate business and professional
schools, as it is considered a critical criterion for admission to a graduate
program. Applicants for graduate business schools submit GMAT test
results together with undergraduate records, references, and work experi-
ence as part of the highly competitive admission process associated with a
Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) program. The exam tests
verbal, quantitative, writing, and critical reasoning skills and abilities that
have been found to contribute to successful achievement in a graduate
program. It does not test prior knowledge of data or facts specific to any
field of study. Approximately 230,000 students take the GMAT each year.

Who Needs an M.B.A.?

Some people dismiss the necessity of an M.B.A., believing that only
business majors can benefit from the program. It turns out, however, that
those with non-business backgrounds often need management training as
much as business majors. Engineers find that increased management skills
are more valuable than technical training as they become more successful,
and liberal arts majors enter a graduate management program to make up
for a lack of practical, on-the-job skills. In fact, almost half the GMAT
test-takers worldwide majored in the sciences, humanities, and social sci-
ences.
In addition to careers in business and industry, students with an
M.B.A. are in demand in the fields of government, education, healthcare,
arts, and non-profit management. Students with the vision to see where
management skills will be needed can make their own opportunities in
almost any business.
With an increase in competition for fewer jobs, graduates with the
ability to manage resources, time, and people will have an advantage over
those with only technical training. Those already employed can use an
M.B.A. to advance beyond their current level.

4
 What is a Computer-Adaptive Test (CAT)?

Who Administers the Test?

The GMAT is developed and administered by the Educational Test-
ing Service under the direction of the Graduate Management Admission
Council (GMAC), a not-for-profit organization of graduate business
schools worldwide.

When and Where is the Test Given?

The GMAT is offered year-round during the last three weeks of each
month, generally on a six-day-a-week cycle. For exact dates and test cen-
ter locations, contact ETS at the number and/or address listed below.

How Can I Apply?

To receive an application or information about the application pro-
cess, including test dates, locations, fees, and registration, request the
GMAT CAT registration bulletin by contacting ETS at:
GMAC Publications
P.O. Box 6108
Princeton, NJ 08541-6108
Phone: (609) 771-7330
Website: www.ets.org

WHAT IS A COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE TEST (CAT)?

The GMAT is a computer-adaptive test (CAT), which means that you
will use a computer to take the test. The software will determine the
questions based on your performance on the previous questions. In this
way, the test will customize itself to your level of ability. A correct re-
sponse will be followed by a more difficult question; an incorrect response
will be followed by an easier question. You get more points for correctly
answering difficult questions than you do for correctly answering medium
or easier questions.
In the traditional paper-and-pencil test, every examinee sees the same
questions. Because of the adaptive nature of the GMAT CAT, and the large
pool of questions that are available, different examinees will be asked dif-
ferent questions. Nonetheless, the questions have been designed to meet
content and difficulty specifications that allow an equitable comparison of
scores.

5
GMAT

Pros and Cons of Computer-Adaptive Testing

There are several advantages to computer-adaptive testing. First, you
will receive your unofficial scores for the multiple-choice sections on the
day you take your test, rather than several weeks later. Second, the CAT is
offered much more frequently than the paper-and-pencil version, and you
may register just a few days in advance. Third, you may choose to take the
test in the morning or afternoon. In addition, the testing venue is quieter
and more orderly than traditional testing locations. Finally, there are gen-
erally fewer questions on the GMAT CAT than on traditional paper-and-
pencil tests.
Unfortunately, there are also some important disadvantages to the
CAT. People who are unfamiliar with computers may find the testing
environment intimidating. While no computer skills are required, an un-
usual environment may have a psychological impact on your prepared-
ness. In addition, you must answer the questions in the order in which they
are presented, one at a time. You cannot skip a question and return to it
later—or return to an earlier question to change your answer, as you could
with a paper-and-pencil test. This is significant because it eliminates the
important test-taking strategy of answering the easier questions first and
returning to the more difficult questions if you have time. Finally, because
of the nature of adaptive testing, the majority of the questions you encoun-
ter will be challenging.

Taking the Test

The CAT testing environment is based on a point-and-click interface.
You will be presented with a question, and you will use a mouse to choose
your answer. When you have chosen your answer and clicked “Next,” you
will click on the on-screen “Answer Confirm” button to verify your choice.
When you have confirmed your answer, the computer will select the next
question. The first question asked in each multiple-choice section will be of
medium difficulty. Subsequent questions will be more or less difficult, de-
pending on your answer to the preceding question. The CAT software will
continue to adjust throughout the test until it reaches your ability level.
At any time during the test, you may choose to quit an individual
section, or the entire test. You may wish to exercise this option if you feel
that you are ill-prepared for the exam. However, you must not take this
decision lightly. Once you quit a section or the entire test and confirm your
desire to do so, you will be unable to reverse your decision. Note that you
will not be able to take the GMAT CAT again for 30 days, even if you do
not complete the exam.
When you complete the exam, you will receive your unofficial scores
6
 Test Format

for the multiple-choice sections, as well as a total score for those sections.
Your official score report, which will include your score on the Analytical
Writing Assessment, will be mailed to you within ten days of the test date.
When Should I Start Studying?
It is never too early to start studying for the GMAT CAT. The earlier
you begin, the more time you will have to sharpen your skills. Do not
procrastinate! Cramming is not effective since it does not allow you the
time needed to learn the material.

FORMAT OF THE GMAT CAT

The GMAT CAT contains three distinct sections with various types
of questions:
1. Quantitative: One section of 37 mathematical Problem Solving
and Data Sufficiency questions.
2. Verbal: One section of 41 Sentence Correction, Critical Reason-
ing, and Reading Comprehension questions.
3. Analytical Writing Assessment: One section of two essay
questions.
The Graduate Management Admission Test consists of multiple-
choice questions contained in two timed sections and one timed essay-
writing section. The total testing time is three and one-half hours, includ-
ing time for preliminary instructions. Each multiple-choice question pre-
sents five answer choices. On the actual exam, experimental questions
(included to allow ETS to try out new questions) will be mixed in through-
out the multiple-choice sections. In all, about one-quarter of the questions
are experimental, but you won’t be able to identify them and they won’t
count toward your score.

TEST FORMAT*
Section Number of Questions Minutes
Quantitative 37 75
Verbal 41 75
Analytical Writing Assessment 2 Essay Questions 30**
*Note: The test sections do not necessarily appear in the order shown above. This test format refers to the actual
GMAT CAT. The practice tests in this book are longer, in order to provide a score comparable to that which you
would achieve on the actual GMAT CAT. These tests are intended to provide scoring information, to pinpoint
strengths and weaknesses, and to familiarize you with the types of questions you will encounter on the GMAT
CAT. They are not intended to provide an accurate depiction of the CAT format.
**For each essay.

7
GMAT

TYPES OF GMAT CAT QUESTIONS

QUANTITATIVE

Problem Solving
The GMAT CAT Problem Solving questions are designed to test
basic mathematical skills, the comprehension of elementary mathematical
concepts, and the ability to reason quantitatively.

Data Sufficiency
Each Data Sufficiency question is usually accompanied by initial
information, as well as statements (1) and (2), which contain more infor-
mation. To answer the question, you must decide whether there is suffi-
cient information in either (1), (2), or both.

VERBAL

Reading Comprehension
You will be asked interpretive, applicative, and inferential questions
regarding reading passages. The passages may be as long as 450 words;
they discuss the social sciences, the physical or biological sciences, and/or
business-related fields. The questions measure your ability to analyze,
understand, and apply information that is presented in written form.

Critical Reasoning
These questions test the reasoning skills involved in formulating and
evaluating arguments. Questions are based on an argument or set of argu-
ments. The arguments come from a variety of sources and cover a multi-
tude of topics.

Sentence Correction
Sentence Correction questions present you with five choices, and you
must determine which choice best expresses an idea or relationship.
Knowledge of stylistic conventions, grammatical rules of written English,
and the ability to improve incorrect or ineffective expressions will be
tested. An effective sentence expresses both a relationship and an idea in a
grammatically and structurally sound manner.

8
 About the Review Sections

WRITING

Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA)

The Analytical Writing Assessment section of the GMAT CAT tests
your ability to communicate ideas and to write effectively. The two essay
questions in this section test your ability to analyze an issue and an argu-
ment. Scoring is based upon organization, critical reasoning, and proper
use of the English language and its conventions. A variety of general
subjects, in addition to business-related topics, appear as test questions.
Previous knowledge of the essay topics is not assumed.

ABOUT THE REVIEW SECTIONS

The Quantitative, Verbal, and Analytical Writing Assessment Re-
views are written to help you understand the concepts behind GMAT CAT
test questions. They will help prepare you for the test by teaching you
what you need to know. By using the reviews in conjunction with taking
the practice tests, you will be able to sharpen your test-taking skills.

Quantitative Review
This review includes strategies for the two quantitative ability ques-
tion types: Problem Solving and Data Sufficiency. To help you cover these
sections thoroughly, the review is split into three parts:
1) The first portion of the review consists of refresher courses in
basic math, algebra, and geometry.
2) Mastering Problem Solving and Mastering Data Sufficiency, the
second part of this review, contains strategies for solving the
most commonly found problems on the GMAT CAT.
3) The last section of the review is designed to help you evaluate
your performance after you have taken our practice tests.

Verbal Review
Reading Comprehension, Sentence Correction, and Critical Reason-
ing are the three question types covered in this review. The review sum-
marizes each of these in detail, focusing on the specific skills you need to
practice. Strategies for improving your performance are provided; test-
taking strategies for each are given and explained in detail.

9
GMAT

Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA) Review

This review includes strategies for the two types of essay questions
that appear in the GMAT exam: Analysis of an Issue and Analysis of an
Argument. The strategies cover the general pre-writing and organizational
skills necessary to perform well on this section. It also includes sample
scored essays and evaluations of the essays for both types of questions.
There are three sample essays given for each essay topic; each essay
is judged as falling within a range on the GMAT scoring scale. On the
actual GMAT, only one score is given per essay, i.e., 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0.

HOW THE GMAT CAT IS SCORED

In traditional, paper-and-pencil tests, every question is equal in value.
The CAT is scored quite differently, since more difficult questions add
more to your score than easier questions. For this reason, you should not
be concerned if the test seems very difficult to you. Because the software
is continuously refining its estimate of your ability level, nearly all of the
questions should seem difficult to you.
The Analytical Writing Assessment score is based upon the average
of four scores, given by four different readers—two of whom are human,
two of whom are in fact computer programs. As there are two essay
topics, each essay is given two scores, both of which are averaged together
to acquire one score for each essay. One score is provided by ETS’s
e-rater™, an electronic reader; the other score is determined the old-
fashioned way, by a human professor. These two scores are then averaged
together to give you your AWA score, ranging from 0 to 6, 6 being the
highest.
It is possible to receive half-point scores: for example, if one reader
gives a score of 4 and the other scores the essay as a 5, your grade would
be 4.5. In the event that the computer and the professor disagree with each
other by more than a point, a second professor is called in. If the third
reader scores the essay with the higher number, the low number is dis-
carded. If the reader scores it with a lower number, the average of the
three is used.
The GMAT test results consist of four scores: a total score (which is
the combined Verbal and Quantitative scores), a separate Verbal score
(Reading Comprehension, Critical Reasoning, and Sentence Correction), a
separate Quantitative score (Problem Solving and Data Sufficiency), and
an Analytical Writing score. The total score is reported on a scale from
200 to 800. The Verbal and Quantitative scores are reported on a scale
from 0 to 60. The Analytical Writing score is reported on a scale of 0 to 6.

10
 Calculating Your Raw and Scaled Scores

Refer to the chart below to find the percentile into which your scaled
score falls.
For instance, according to the chart, a scaled score of 655 would fall
between the 89 and 93 percentile. This means that 89% to 93% of examin-
ees scored below 655 and 7% to 11% scored above 655.
Use the provided scoring worksheet to track your progress from test
to test. Watch your scores improve with the use of our test-taking strate-
gies and practice.

Percentiles Based on Recent GMATs

Scaled Percentage Scaled Percentage

Scores Below Scores Below

740 > 99 460 32

720 98 440 26
700 97 420 20
680 95 400 15
660 93 380 11
640 89 360 8
620 85 340 6
600 80 320 4
580 74 300 2
560 68 280 1
540 61 260 1
520 53 240 1
500 46 220 0
480 39

CALCULATING YOUR RAW AND SCALED SCORES

For the purpose of scoring the six written practice tests in this book, use
the directions and tables that follow. Taking Practice Test 1 as an example†:
To determine your Verbal raw scores, you will use sections 2 (Read-
ing Comprehension), 5 (Critical Reasoning), and 6 (Sentence Correction).
To determine your Quantitative raw scores, you will use sections 1
(Problem Solving), 3 (Data Sufficiency), and 4 (Problem Solving). To
determine your total raw score, you will use all the sections of a test.
To obtain your raw score (Verbal, Quantitative, total), count the num-
ber of correct answers for the sections you are scoring, and then subtract
one-fourth of the incorrect answers from the number of correct answers.
†Sections fall differently in different practice tests.

11
GMAT

DO NOT DEDUCT POINTS FOR ANSWERS LEFT BLANK. Then, add

.5 to the total and drop all the digits to the right of the decimal point. This
gives you the raw score for each section.
The following example will aid you in finding your Verbal raw score.
(The process is the same for determining your Quantitative raw score.)
IF YOU GET: 50 correct answers
AND YOU GET: 8 incorrect answers
YOU DID NOT ANSWER: 12 questions — these will not be calcu-
lated into your score.
Take 1/4 of the number of incorrect answers, in this case, 8
YOU GET: 2
SUBTRACT 2 from your CORRECT answers
YOU GET: 48
ADD .5 = 48.5
DROP ALL NUMBERS TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL
POINT.
YOU GET: 48.
This would be your Verbal raw score.

Conversion Table for Verbal and Quantitative Scores—GMAT

Corrected Corrected Corrected
Raw Raw Raw
Score Verbal Quant. Score Verbal Quant. Score Verbal Quant.

61 60 40 42 48 19 24 27
60 59 39 41 47 18 23 26
59 59 38 40 46 17 22 25
58 58 37 40 45 16 21 24
57 57 36 39 44 15 20 23
56 56 35 38 43 14 19 22
55 55 34 37 42 13 18 21
54 54 33 36 41 12 17 20
53 53 32 35 40 11 16 19
52 52 60 31 34 39 10 16 18
51 51 59 30 34 38 9 15 17
50 50 58 29 33 37 8 14 16
49 50 57 28 32 36 7 13 15
48 49 56 27 31 35 6 12 14
47 48 55 26 30 34 5 11 13
46 47 54 25 29 33 4 10 12
45 46 53 24 28 32 3 9 11
44 45 52 23 27 31 2 9 10
43 45 51 22 26 30 1 8 9
42 44 50 21 25 29 0 7 8
41 43 49 20 25 28

Take your raw score of 48 and find this number in the Raw Score column
(on left) in the table above. Looking to the right of this number in the
“Verbal” Scaled Score column, you will find that your scaled score is 49.

12
 Calculating Your Raw and Scaled Scores

Conversion Table for Total Scores—GMAT

Corrected Total Corrected Total Corrected Total
Raw Scaled Raw Scaled Raw Scaled
Score Score Score Score Score Score

113 800 75 613 37 403

112 800 74 607 36 398
111 800 73 602 35 392
110 800 72 596 34 387
109 800 71 591 33 381
108 795 70 585 32 376
107 789 69 580 31 370
106 784 68 574 30 365
105 778 67 569 29 359
104 773 66 563 28 354
103 767 65 558 27 348
102 762 64 552 26 343
101 756 63 547 25 337
100 751 62 541 24 332
99 745 61 536 23 326
98 740 60 530 22 321
97 734 59 525 21 315
96 728 58 519 20 310
95 723 57 514 19 304
94 718 56 508 18 299
93 712 55 503 17 293
92 707 54 497 16 288
91 701 53 492 15 282
90 696 52 486 14 277
89 690 51 481 13 271
88 684 50 475 12 266
87 679 49 470 11 260
86 673 48 464 10 255
85 668 47 459 9 249
84 662 46 453 8 244
83 657 45 448 7 238
82 651 44 442 6 233
81 646 43 437 5 227
80 640 42 431 4 222
79 635 41 426 3 216
78 629 40 420 2 211
77 624 39 414 1 205
76 618 38 409 0 200

When Will I Receive My Score Report?

Your official score report for the GMAT will arrive within ten days
after the test. You can also elect to receive unofficial verbal, quantitative,
and total scores on site as soon as you complete the GMAT. The summary
report will list your total Verbal and Quantitative scores. Remember, your
Verbal and Quantitative score will range from 0 to 60, while the total
score will range from 200 to 800.
The summary score report sent to score users is one page in length.
The Analytical Writing Assessment report is seven pages in length. Your
AWA score, ranging from 0 to 6, will be listed here. Copies of the essay
topics and your responses are also included in this report.
As previously mentioned, a percentile ranking will also be given for
each score. The percentile figure is actually the percentage of three years’
test scores that were lower than the score you received.
13
14
SCORING WORKSHEET
GMAT

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6

Number of Correct Verbal Responses

(Reading Comprehension + Critical
Reasoning + Sentence Correction) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Minus 1/4 of the Incorrect Responses
(# Incorrect) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Equals Raw Score _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Scaled Score _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Number of Correct Quantitative Responses

(Problem Solving + Data Sufficiency _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Minus 1/4 of the Incorrect Responses)
(# Incorrect) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Equals Raw Score _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Scaled Score _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Total Raw Score

(Verbal Raw Score +
Quantitative Raw Score) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Total Scaled Score _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Percentile _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
 The Day of the Test

STUDYING FOR THE GMAT

It is very important for you to choose the time and place for studying
that works best for you. Some students may set aside a certain number of
hours every morning to study, while others may choose to study at night
before going to sleep. Other students may study during the day, while
waiting on a line, or even while eating lunch. Only you can determine
when and where your study time will be most effective. But, be consistent
and use your time wisely. Work out a study routine and stick to it!
When you take the practice exams, try to make your testing condi-
tions as much like the actual test as possible. Turn your television and
radio off, and sit down at a quiet table free from distraction. Make sure to
time yourself.
As you complete each practice exam, thoroughly review the explana-
tions to the questions you answered incorrectly; however, do not review too
much at any one time. Concentrate on one problem area at a time by review-
ing the question and explanation, and by studying the review until you are
confident that you completely understand the material.
Use scratch paper for working out problems and practicing drills,
since scratch paper will be provided when you take the actual exam.
Keep track of your practice exam scores. By doing so, you will be
able to gauge your progress and discover general weaknesses in particular
sections. You should carefully study the reviews that cover your areas of
difficulty, as this will build your skills in those areas.

THE DAY OF THE TEST

Before the Test
On the day of the test, you should wake up early and have a good
breakfast. Make sure that you dress comfortably, so that you are not dis-
tracted by being too hot or too cold. Also, plan to arrive at the test center
early. This will allow you to collect your thoughts and relax before the
test, and will also spare you the anguish that comes with being late. As an
added incentive to make sure you arrive early, keep in mind that NO ONE
WILL BE ALLOWED INTO THE TEST SESSION AFTER THE
STATED STARTING TIME. If you arrive late, you will not receive credit
or a refund.
Before you leave for the test center, make sure that you have your
admission ticket and two other forms of identification, one of which must

15
GMAT The Day of the Test

contain a recent photograph (e.g., driver’s license, student identification

card, passport, department of public safety identification card, current
alien registration card, etc.). You will not be admitted to the test center if
you do not have proper identification, and you will not be refunded or
credited in any way.
If you would like, you may wear a watch to the test center; however,
only ordinary watches will be permitted. Watches with alarms, calculator
functions, flashing lights, beeping sounds, etc., will not be allowed. You
also cannot bring a calculator, slide rule, or any written material (such as a
dictionary, textbook, or notebook) into your testing room. In addition, you
will not be permitted to have briefcases or packages with you. Drinking,
eating, and smoking are prohibited.

During the Test

When you arrive at the test center, you will be assigned a cubicle. If
you need to use the rest room, you may leave the testing room, but you
will not be allowed to make up any lost time. Procedures will be followed
to maintain test security.
Once you enter the test center, follow all of the rules and instructions
given by the test supervisor. If you do not, you risk being dismissed from
the test and having your GMAT scores canceled.

After the Test

When you have completed the last section of the GMAT, go home
and relax!

16
 CAT Test-Taking Strategies

CAT TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES

Computer-adaptive testing has eliminated many of the traditional
test-taking strategies, such as answering the easier questions first and re-
turning to the more difficult questions later. However, new strategies have
evolved that take the place of traditional ones. The most important of these
strategies are listed below:
• Take the Tutorial
Even if you have some computer experience, pay attention to the
tutorial that introduces the GMAT CAT. This tutorial will teach you
how to use the features and characteristics of the computer system to
your advantage. As with any software package, there are some as-
pects of the testing system that are unique to the CAT environment. It
is not in your best interest to learn about these features in the middle
of a timed test.
• Use Your Time Wisely
Keep in mind that this is a timed test, and check your time regularly.
As with any standardized test, you should not spend too much time
on any one question. If you do not know the answer to a question, try
to make an educated guess by eliminating as many of the answer
choices as possible, and move on to the next question.
• Answer Every Question in Each Section
Because the number of questions answered is calculated into your
overall score, it is in your best interest to answer every question. If
you are running out of time, you will be better served by guessing
(even random guessing) than by leaving the last questions unan-
swered.
• Pay Particular Attention to the First 10 Questions of Each Section
The adaptive testing engine makes major score adjustments based on
your answers to the first 10 questions of each section, and uses subse-
quent questions to “fine-tune” your score. While you should not
spend an undue amount of time on these questions, you should be
aware that they are potentially more important than later questions,
and treat them accordingly.

17
GMAT

• Use the “Answer Confirm” Button To Your Advantage

It is very easy to get into the habit of choosing an answer and auto-
matically clicking on the “Answer Confirm” button. This is a dan-
gerous tendency. Be absolutely sure that you have clicked on the
appropriate answer choice before confirming.
• Make Effective Use of Scratch Paper
You will be given scratch paper at the testing center to be used on the
mathematical and analytical sections. Drawing diagrams can be very
helpful in working out the complex analytical and mathematical
problems.

• Make Effective Use of Break Periods

You will generally be given an optional five-minute break between
test sections. Use this time to rest and take a well-deserved break.

18