‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺭﻳﺰﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ‪،‬‬
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‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ )ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﭙﻮﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
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‫ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ»ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻟﻲ« ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸـﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻜـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻼﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺣﻤﻠـﻪ ﺳـﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﭼـﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‪،‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪ‬

‫‪١‬ـ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬ـ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪٢‬ـ‪١‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢‬ـ‪١‬ـ‪ ١‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺫﺭﻱ ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ‬

‫‪1- Email : hakada1358@yahoo.com‬‬

‫‪2- Pozzoli‬‬

‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺁﺫﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﺩﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﹰﺎ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٦٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﭙﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺴـﺘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬ـ‪١‬ـ‪ : ٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪-١ :‬ﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﻭ‪-٢‬ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪: ٣-١-٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻠﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻳـﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺩﭼـﺎﺭ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪: ٤-١-٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﺫﺭ ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﺫﺭ ﺁﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ) ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻲ ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٥‬ﺍ ﻟﻲ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : ٢-٢‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ٦٠٠‬ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪ ٩٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺨﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻨﺪﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺨﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ : ٣-٢‬ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻭﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻛـﻨﺶ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺎ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭﻩ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺭﺑـﻂ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺩﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : ١-٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻜﺎﺕ ) ‪ ( vicat‬ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺗـﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : ٢-٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﮊﺍﻣﺒﺮ ) ‪ ( Gamber‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪– (١‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪SO3 K2O Na2O MgO CaO Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪% % %‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪2.28‬‬ ‫‪0.77‬‬ ‫‪30.5‬‬ ‫‪89.22‬‬ ‫‪4.67‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ( ‪Sacrofano‬‬
‫‪0.7 7.61 3.08‬‬ ‫‪1.23‬‬ ‫‪9.05‬‬ ‫‪4.29‬‬ ‫‪18.2‬‬ ‫‪53.08‬‬ ‫‪3.05‬‬ ‫‪Bacoli‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‬
‫‪0.2 6.25 0.85‬‬ ‫‪4.52‬‬ ‫‪9.27‬‬ ‫‪9.91‬‬ ‫‪19.59‬‬ ‫‪45.47‬‬ ‫‪4.03‬‬ ‫‪Segni‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.76 3.14‬‬ ‫‪5.58‬‬ ‫‪9.84‬‬ ‫‪11.8‬‬ ‫‪17.6‬‬ ‫‪66.6‬‬ ‫‪0.24‬‬ ‫‪Auvergne‬‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2.1 2.35‬‬ ‫‪1.22‬‬ ‫‪1.92‬‬ ‫‪4.01‬‬ ‫‪10.03‬‬ ‫‪71.62‬‬ ‫‪Trass,k‬‬ ‫)ﺑﻠﻐﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪2.06 0.91‬‬ ‫‪0.94‬‬ ‫‪3.39‬‬ ‫‪4.41‬‬ ‫‪16.47‬‬ ‫‪62.45‬‬ ‫‪7.41‬‬ ‫‪Bavarian‬‬ ‫)ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.41‬‬ ‫‪2.76‬‬ ‫‪2.71‬‬ ‫‪12.28‬‬ ‫‪73.01‬‬ ‫‪6.24‬‬ ‫‪Ratka‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺠﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪1.45‬‬ ‫‪14.6‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪40.9‬‬ ‫‪12.6‬‬ ‫‪Gujarat‬‬ ‫)ﻫﻨﺪﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ(‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪6.4‬‬ ‫‪34.1‬‬ ‫‪50.7‬‬ ‫‪Dunston‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫‪0.1 2.53 0.88‬‬ ‫‪1.69‬‬ ‫‪3.27‬‬ ‫‪3.77‬‬ ‫‪24.99‬‬ ‫‪59.3‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫)ﮊﺍﭘﻦ(‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2 3.15 1.51‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.04‬‬ ‫‪2.82‬‬ ‫‪26.08‬‬ ‫‪63.27‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫)ﮊﺍﭘﻦ(‬
‫‪3.4‬‬ ‫‪1.2 0.02‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪3.7‬‬ ‫‪25.7‬‬ ‫‪23.6‬‬ ‫‪38.5‬‬ ‫‪4.6‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫)ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪4.7‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪2.05‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬ ‫‪29.3‬‬ ‫‪51.8‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ(‬
‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪25.2‬‬ ‫‪53.57‬‬ ‫)ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻱ(‬
‫‪8.5‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪33.2‬‬ ‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫‪6.2‬‬ ‫‪34.5‬‬ ‫‪Borna‬‬ ‫)ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪2.27‬‬ ‫‪14.2‬‬ ‫‪17.7‬‬ ‫‪19.17‬‬ ‫‪41.94‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪Sulcis‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ(‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪9.6 1.07 0.33‬‬ ‫‪1.92‬‬ ‫‪21.8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪16.07‬‬ ‫‪42.19 Hondelagel‬‬ ‫)ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪5.6‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪27.4‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪11.64‬‬ ‫‪42.96‬‬ ‫)ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻱ(‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
 ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪2.76‬‬ ‫‪19.23‬‬ ‫‪65.22‬‬ ‫‪7.62‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ‬
‫‪0.62‬‬ ‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪0.88‬‬ ‫‪43.23‬‬ ‫‪51.65‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﻟﻦ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪6.4‬‬ ‫‪73.6‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﻭﺳــــﺘﺎﻥ ‪Kabini‬‬

‫‪1.92 4.97‬‬ ‫‪1.23‬‬ ‫‪3.35‬‬ ‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫‪15.89‬‬ ‫‪65.74‬‬ ‫‪3.43‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻣﻴﺲ ﺭﺍﻳﻮﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪73.7‬‬ ‫‪7.06‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪4.7‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪16.7‬‬ ‫‪65.6‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺲ‬
‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪6.8‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪60.1‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻑ‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪70.4‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪12.7‬‬ ‫‪68.3‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺱ‬

‫‪ : ٣-٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺕ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ – ﺁﻫﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ –ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻼﺕ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ –ﺁﻫﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻫﻚ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻼﺕ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ –ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﮊﺍﻣﺒﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ –ﺁﻫـﻚ )‪ (P‬ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ )‪ (θ‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪P=0.01866θ3+0.48θ2+7.5331θ‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ) ﺗﻮﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑـﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ‪ P‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :٤‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ( ٢‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ) ‪ ( ٣‬ﻣﺮﺗـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ -(٢‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ) ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ ‪( ١٣٧١‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ) ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻭﭘﺎﻝ ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻃﻌـﺎﻡ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪1D‬‬
‫ﺁﻟﺒﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﺖ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺗﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ) ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻭﭘﺎﻝ ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﻧﻤـﻚ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﺒﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻣﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺭﻳﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺗﻴـﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪42 MA‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺭﻳﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪400 A‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﺱ ) ﺟﺎﺟﺮﻭﺩ (‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻑ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺪﺳﭙﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﺗﻮﻑ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻛﺮﺝ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪1I‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺁﺫﺭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻴﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺍﺭﺗﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻫﻨـﻮﺯ ﻓﻠﺪﺳـﭙﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪1Z‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻑ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻴﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺲ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫‪PFA‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪SF‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﻓﻴﻮﻡ ) ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ (‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪-(٣‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ) ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ ‪(١٣٧١‬‬

‫‪Al2O3+SiO3‬‬ ‫‪ SO3‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫‪MgO‬‬ ‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪Fe2O3‬‬ ‫‪Al2O3‬‬ ‫‪SiO2‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫‪86.7‬‬ ‫‪7.06‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪73.7‬‬ ‫‪D1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪94.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪96.5‬‬ ‫‪D2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪82.3‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪4.7‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪16.7‬‬ ‫‪65.6‬‬ ‫‪MA42‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪82.4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬ ‫‪16.2‬‬ ‫‪66.3‬‬ ‫‪A400‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪78.1‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪6.8‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪60.1‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪82.4‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪70.4‬‬ ‫‪Z1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪82.9‬‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪3.9‬‬ ‫‪3.3‬‬ ‫‪17.4‬‬ ‫‪65.4‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪12.7‬‬ ‫‪68.3‬‬ ‫‪T1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪84.91‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪71.1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫‪80.7‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪11.7‬‬ ‫‪27.9‬‬ ‫‪52.8‬‬ ‫‪PFA‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪SF‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ SF‬ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ SiO2‬ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﻘﺶ ‪ Al2O3‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : ٥‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﻮﺷﺎﻥ ) ‪ ( Dashaoshan‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻭﺯﻧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ ‪R.C.C‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻻﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﮓ )‪ ( Lancan‬ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﻥ )‪ (Yun‬ﻭﺟﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﻭﻧﮓ ) ‪ (Jingdong‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ ( Yunnan‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺳﺪ ‪ ٩٦٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨـﺪ ﺗﻴـﭗ ‪Ι‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﮓ ﺗﺎ )‪ ( Hongta‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ R.C.C‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ R.C.C‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (Falyash‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺳﺪ ‪ ٦٣٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺿﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻑ ) ‪ ( T‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ )‪ ( p‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻓﺴـﻔﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪ R.C.C‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ PT‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪ %٥٠‬ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ ‪ %٥٠‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ ٤٥ µ m‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %١٠٥‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٦٢‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺪ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٦‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ - ١‬ﺗﻮﻑ )‪ : (T‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻮﻑ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ )‪ : (TM‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻫﻮﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ )‪ ( F ) : ( Flayash‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻑ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻑ ) ‪. ( PT‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ PT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٤‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪-(٤‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ )‪(Yu zhongzheng 1999 )(Dashaoshan Dam‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫‪So3‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪80µ m‬‬ ‫‪45µ m‬‬
‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪109‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪23.2‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪TM‬‬
‫‪2.61‬‬ ‫‪0.44‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪17.8‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫‪3.52‬‬ ‫‪3.08‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪8.3‬‬ ‫‪21.6‬‬ ‫‪2.85‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪3.67‬‬ ‫‪1.55‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪9.2‬‬ ‫‪22.4‬‬ ‫‪2.9‬‬ ‫‪PT‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪ TM‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ % ٥٦‬ﺑﻪ ‪ % ٦٥‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ‪ % ١٠٩‬ﺑـﻪ ‪ % ٩٨‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ‪ %٧٤‬ﻭ ‪ % ١٠٠‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ % ١٧,٨ ،٤٥ µ m‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪PT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻑ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ) ‪ ( Flayash‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪ % ١٠٠‬ﻭ‪ % ٧٢‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ) ‪ ٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺗﻮﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ‪ PT‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ‪ % ٥٤ ، % ٤٨ ، % ٢٤‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ %٤٩‬ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ‪ P T‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻼﺕ ‪ R.C.C‬ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻼﺕ ﺗﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺣﺪ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٥‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪-(٥‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎ )‪(Dashaoshan Dam‬‬

‫‪Ignitionloss‬‬ ‫‪So3 MnO P2O‬‬ ‫‪Na2O5 K2O MgO CaO‬‬ ‫‪TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3‬‬ ‫‪SiO2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﺎت‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎیﻲ)‪(%‬‬
‫‪3.52‬‬ ‫‪3.08 0.1‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.61‬‬ ‫‪1.22‬‬ ‫‪43.3‬‬ ‫‪0.16‬‬ ‫‪4.48‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪41.9‬‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ‪P‬‬
‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫‪0.01 0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪1.34‬‬ ‫‪2.74‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪14.75‬‬ ‫‪6.3‬‬ ‫‪65.6‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ‪T‬‬
‫‪2.61‬‬ ‫‪0.27 0.096‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪0.94‬‬ ‫‪3.1‬‬ ‫‪2.34‬‬ ‫‪21.78‬‬ ‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﻮﻩ اي ‪F‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪-(٦‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ‪mpa‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬ ‫‪P+T kg‬‬ ‫‪kg‬‬ ‫‪VC‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪90 180‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪P40‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪8.2‬‬ ‫‪14.1‬‬ ‫‪19.4 23.4‬‬
‫‪T40‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪P29‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬ ‫‪12.2‬‬ ‫‪16.4‬‬
‫‪T67‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪P38‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪14.5‬‬ ‫‪18.7‬‬
‫‪T57‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪P45‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪15.8‬‬ ‫‪22.6‬‬
‫‪T50‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪P48‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8.9‬‬ ‫‪15.9‬‬ ‫‪23.2‬‬
‫‪T48‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪P57‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪9.8‬‬ ‫‪18.8‬‬ ‫‪15.9‬‬
‫‪T38‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪P44‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪27.2 26.1‬‬
‫‪T44‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪P50‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪33.5 35‬‬
‫‪T50‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪-(٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )‪(Lu Cairong 1999‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ‬
‫‪kg/m3‬‬ ‫‪kg/m3‬‬ ‫‪mpa‬‬
‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪25.1‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪TM‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪25.7‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪37.5‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪33.5‬‬ ‫‪PT‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ‪ PT‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ : ٧‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :٨‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺪ ﺍ‪ ، ..‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ‪١٥٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ‪ -‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺸﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰﮔﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻴﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴـﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٤١‬‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ‪٢٧٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺘﺒﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﻮﺯﻭﻻﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ )‪.(١٣٧٩‬‬
‫‪Yu Zhongzheng , Lucarong (China ) Research And Application Of a New Pozzolan For R.C.C at‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Dachaoshan ( 1999 ) .‬‬

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