This 5 MHz is also the nominal bandwidth of all 3G WCDMA proposals.

This bandwidth
as chosen because:
• It is enough to provide data rates of 144 and 384 Kbps (these were 3G (targets), and
even 2 Mbps in good conditions.

• Bandwidth is always scarce, and the smallest possible allocation should be used,
especially if the system must use frequency bands already occupied by existing 2G
systems.
• This bandwidth can resolve more multipath than narrower bandwidths, thus improving
performance.

There are several reasons for using TDD systems. The first one is spectrum allocation.
The spectrum allocated for IMT-2000 is asymmetric, which means that an FDD system
cannot use the whole spectrum, as it currently requires symmetric bands. Thus the most
obvious solution was to give the symmetric part of the spectrum to FDD systems, and
the asymmetric part to TDD systems.

As the TDD capacity is not fixed in the uplink and downlink, it is a more attractive
technology for highly asymmetric services. The third reason for TDD is easier power
control. In the TDD mode both the uplink and downlink transmissions use the same
frequency; thus, the fast fading characteristics are similar in both directions. The TDD
transmitter can predict the fast fading conditions of the assigned

In GSM, each frequency channel is divided into several time slots (eight per
radio frame), and each user is allocated one (or more) slot(s).

In a CDMA system all users occupy the same frequency at the same time, no
time scheduling is applied, and their signals are separated from each other
by means of special codes. Each user is assigned a code applied as a
secondary modulation, which is used to transform a user’s signals into a
spread-spectrum-coded version of the user’s data stream.