13 H& THONG COU NAN VA AN TOAN HANG HAI TOAN CAU - GMDSS 13,1 Kin thite od ban vé séng radio 13.4.1 Mot sé thugt nga thiét yeu ign xoay chiéu c6 dang hinh sin nén khi né tao ra dign ti truting truyén lan trong khéng gian ‘fing dao dng dang hinh sin, goi 18 séng v6 tuyén hay sng radio. + Bién d6 cia song Ja cutdng 46 cba né tinh ti diém 0 dén dink cao nbat cba hink sin. + Téc do séng vo tuyén 3.10° mév/gidy = 300,000 knvgiay. + Chu ky T cba s6ng la thoi lugng dé thyc higm mét dao &9ng hin sin, tic thoi gian tinh tt inh sng 4&n dinh séng ké tiép, tinh bing gidy hoa micro gidy ( 1/1.000.000 giay) + Bude séng 2-38 Khodng céch ma s6ng trayén lan trong mt chu kj, ly don vi la mét hose centimét «+ Tén s6'£18 sO chu ky lap lai trong mé6t dan vi thd gian, don vj 1a Hee (Hertz-Hz). ‘M6t Héc la tin s6 dao déng mOt chu ky trong mét gidy. Mét kilé Héc (kHz) la tén s6'dao déng 1.000 chu ky trong mét gidy. Mét mega Héc (MHz) la tdn s&'dao déng 1.000.000 chu ky trong mét gidy. 1 MHz = 1.000 KHz = 1.000.000 Hz ‘Mét Gega Héc (GHz) la tin s6 dao dng 1.000.000.000 chu ky trong mot giay. 1 GHz = 1.000 MHz = 1.000.000 KHz 1o* (mét) 13.1.2 PhO s6ng radi6 ‘oan bo dai tin s6 bifc xa séng dién tit goi 1a phd dién nt (Electromagnetic spectrum). Dai tn s6 thich hop phét s6ng radio goi Ia phd radio ( Radio spectrum) nlm trong pham vi ti 10 KHz d€n 300.000 GHz due chia ra lam nhiéu bang tn (Band) tap hop wong bing dudi day. Vidiidt Pham vitdn sO "20 He ~ 20.000 Hz 10 kHz ~ 300 GHz 10 kFlz ~ 30 kez 30 He ~ 300 kHz, ‘Audio frequency 15.000km ~ 15 km Radio frequency 30km~0,1em Very Low frequency 30km ~ 10 km BERR Low frequency 10km~1 km SO TAY HANG HAI 488wén bai 48, gidp cung cAp nhimg thong tin trén hdi dd, x4c nhan cdc chi thi quan trong, “ truyén dat thong tin gilt bén trong va bén ngoai budng léi. rary ta Se of mata phn cng cng nfs ity quan wong ela gh nhé 1 mi thanh vin trong 6 Idi phi higu £6 vai t, vi ti cla minh ddig thal hiéw 16 vai ud vj uf cha ‘thaoh vién khdc. 98 wh twang Idp cOng vige va quan tong bon} Khe lai, DS SOt cng, vige. ‘So 48 wén hinh 12.01 m6 td quy tinh trao 44i thong tin gitta Thuyén trudng va SQTC, Si quan ting cuting, thu thi clnh giéi, thay thi Idi khi tu tigp cn ving mic-hoa: tid, Lamu 5 6 thé thay 46; ty theo tht Ke bug Mi, he thing wy dng we bubng I oon che kénh thong tin, chi thj ménh lénh thi khong 46i. SOTAY HANG HAI 487MF Medium frequency | 300 kHz ~ 3000 kHz 1 km ~ 100m VHF | Very High frequency | 30MH2~ 300 Maz 10m~1m UHF i ‘Ulta High frequency 300 MHz ~ 3000 MHz Im-~ 10cm SHE Sapertigh frequency | 3GH:~20GHe 10cm = 1m EHF | Extreme High frequency | 30 GHz ~300 GHz 1em~0,lem Heat and infrared | Nhiét va tia héng ngoai* | 10'~ 3gxto'mete | 0.03 ~7,6x10 em Visible spectrum | Anh sing akin thy * | 3,9x10°~7,9x10" MHz | 7,6 x10° ~ 3,8x10° cm [Uuraviolet X-rays | Tia cue tim * 7.9x10° ~ 23x10" MHz | 3,8x10°~ 1,3x10% em XRays Tia X-Ray * | 2,0x10° ~ 3,0x10" Miz. | 1,5x10%~ 1,0x10% em. Ginanys | Tacanma® — | 23n10%-3no" sat | sx10*~1010%en Cosmic ays Tia vi iu * > 48x10" MHz <6,2K10" em > Cae dai lua gain ding, Song ngin hon 30 cm thing duige goi Ia sing sieu cue ngdin (microwaves). Trong pham vi tan s6 ti 1GHz ~ 40 GHz), s6ng radi6 dugc chia thinh céc bang ta nbd bon hy sau, + Liband: 1-2 GHz (i,000-2,000 MHz) + S-band: 2-4 GHz (2,000-4,000 MHz + C-band: 4-8 GHz (4,000-8,000 MHz) + Xeband: 8-12.5 GHz (8,000-12,500 MHz) + Lower K-band: 12.5-18 GHz (12,500-18,000 MHz) + Upper K-band: 26.5-40 GHz. (26,500-40,000 MHz) 7 Hig théng rada hang hai hoat dng d bing S va bing X, cn tin higu ede hé thing vé tink bing hii nlm trong bing L. Bing K cn phdi duc chia nhd ra thanh bing tén (Upper K-band) va bing dudi (Lower K- band) vi tin s6 cong hudng cia hoi nude chiém quing gitta cia bang nay. \A3 ‘Ting aign ly Binh thuting, vi sO/Iugng dign tit mang dign téch am bing s6 lgng proton (trong hat nhin) ‘mang dién ich dung trong nguyén ti, cho nén méi mét nguyén ti trung hoa vé dién. M@t nguyén uy hodc mot nhém aguyén ti vi mot nguyén nhan ado 46, tach di mot sO dign ut jc KE hop thém m6t sO dign tk fam cho nguyén tif 46 mang dign tich dutdng hoc Am. Ta Boi ce nguyén ti mang dién tich Am hay diténg d6 1A cfc ion (Aign ly). Hign tung cée guyén ti hoe mét nhém nguyén tt bign thinh ion goi lA ion hod. - SO TAY HANG HAI 489Do nhidu tic dOng ti vi try, trong khong gian trén cao xa bé mat tréi at luén xdy ra hién ‘tugng ion hog Jam hinh thanh trén cao tdng ion (sang dién ly), gdm cdc ion dudng va am dng cfc dign ti ny do bao boe chung quanh wi dat, (Kem Hinh 4.01 Chung 4 - Khé wong hang hai). Sau khi m&t w9i lan, céc ion va dign tit két hgp v6i nhau abanh hon s6 lng ma ching téch ra cho nén lam gidm hign tugng ion hod. Do nhing dic tinh khée nhau 6 cfc lép Kai quy€n, cin otf mite 46 va tinh chit ca c&e 6p jon hod nguti ta chia ting ion ra ahiéu Ip D, E va l6p F,, Fz, 6 cfc 40 cao khéc nhau, mdi 16p c6 nhig dic diém phan xg séng v6 tuyén khéc nhau. Hind 13.01 cho thiy céc tang di¢n ly 8 cfc d6 cao khéc nhau tén tai ban ngay. Hinh 13.01 13.1.4 Phan eye ‘Séng radio sn sinh ra trung éign va tring tit 1u6n Iuda vung g6c voi nhau, hung cia thinh phdn trading dign trong trating dign ti goi ld phan eve (Polarization) cia song dign tt Nive vay, néw than phn trudng dién phin b6 theo phucng thing ding thi goi la séng phan ‘ce diing, néa theo phutdng ngang thi goi Ia séng phan cue ngang. ‘S6ng radio truyén lan trong khéng gian c6 thé phan cyc theo bit cit phuong nao, khi né truyén lan doc bé mat ti dt thi luén lubn o6 phan cvfe ngang, vi tréi dat, nhur mot vat din ign, lam “ngdn mach” tt cd phn cuc thing ding. 13.1.5 D§c tinh phan xa . ‘Séng.v6 tuy€n khi truyén lan gép bé mét cdc vat thé thi n6 phdn xa ging obu song dnb séng. Cu®ng d6 phin xa ella s6ng phy thud vio géc ti cia sng, tin s6, ajc tinh phn x2 cia vat thé, tin s6 cing thdp thi tinh xuyén thé cng ld. 6 a9 sau dui mat nuBe cb thé: thu nn sng v6 tuyén tdn sO rat tha. Chic vat thé nhu nui, cy du c6 thé phan xe song v6 tuyén, tan sO ‘thép thi tinh phan xa kém, hung phn xa tt Khi nang cao tdn s6. ‘S6ng v6 tuy€n c6 tn sO IGn cing o6 thé duge phan xq tit mila, may, d3e pigt 1a may chifa sma, Vt phan xq chinh trong khong gian 18 tng dién ly. ‘S6ng bign d6i pha sau khi phan xq ti mat dit, mile dO bi€n déi pha phy thugc vao sudt din ign cia trai dt va phin cuc ca séng, c6 thé bién 46i pha dén 180° A6i v6i s6ng phn cye ding phan xg tir nudc bign (coi nh e6 suét din Ién v6 han). SO TAY HANG HAI 490Khi sOng tryc tiép (truyén thdng tryc tip tit may phét dén méy thu) va séng phan xa'cing dén méy thu th tin higu t6ng hop 1a tng vecto oda cd hai, né c& hai cing pha thi tin bigu shan duge sé manh 1én, néu lgch pha thi tin higu nhan duge s# yéu di, n€u hai s6ng t6i ¢6 ‘cing bién 46 ma 1éch pha 180° thi. ching tiét tiéu ln nhau, Hién tugng ny goi a séng can ahiéu (wave interference). 13.1.6 Dac tinh Khiic xa Dac inh khde xa cha s6ng v6 tuy€n ging nhut sOng Anh sing. Khi sng wuyén lan ty méi ‘rung nay sang méi tru6ng kh4c c6 kh6i luting ring khéng gidng nhau thi séng 44i hung ‘truyén lan, Khi sOng truyén lan trong kh6ng gian, nguyén nhan chinh gay ra khe xq s6ng 18 do nhiét 46, 4p xudt, 46 dm khOng khi thay 46i trong cdc lép khi quyén khdc nhau theo su 5 bign di 66 cao wén mat bien. Sy khdc xa cla sOng vO tuy€n phy thugc vao tan s6 cla song. 13.1.7. Séng trdi, séng dat ‘Tang ign ty gl EE Oudng Hing Hinh 43.02 Kihi s6ng v6 tuy€n phét di tir mt tram phét én tréi dat, m6t phn truyén lan theo mit dt (mat bign) goi 1a séng dat, mot phn truyén lan try ti€p goi l& sing sruc tip, mot phn truyén lan vé phia tang dién ly. = Song di t6i tang dign ly bang nhiéu dvong khéc nhau v6i eée g6c 46 khéc nhaw thi s6ng phan xa tir cdc tang dign ly cing truyén di v6i nhitng g6c 49 khée nhau, Xem hinh 13.02, tia 1 bj khiic xa-d ting dign ty r6i di thdng vao vi try. Tia 2 phan xa trd vé d gan hon, tia 3 thi - Phin xa é Khoing céch xa. Céc song phin xa tir ing dién ly ud vé tréi ddt goi Ia song tdi. ‘Song tdi cdn c6 thé phan xa vai ldn gitfa tng dién ly va mat dat lam cho s6ng truyéa lan rat xa, ‘Séng tdi chi 6 thé 4En dug may tha d mét khodng céch t6i thidu nko dé, khodng c&ch t6i thigy 46 goi la khodng céch ling ( Skip distance). Néu s6ng dat khOng vuon ti duge Khodng céch ling cia sng toi thi hinh than mot “quang lang” (Skip zone), 8 46 khOng 6 tin bigu radio dén méy tho. 13.1.8 Cac phutong thife phét séng radio 1. Song lign tue (s6ng ding bién) (CIF- Continuous Wave) La sng dugc phat véi tan so va bién dO of dinh. Song CW khdng thé nghe duge trit khi 7 phat 6 tdn sé rat thép nghe thanh tigng rit (hinh 13.03) ‘Thuting song lién tye due diéu ché thinh nhing dang s6ng khéc, odn bin than s6ng lién tye ng am séng mang. SO TAY HANG HAI 4912. Séng diéu bién (AM-Amplitude Modulation) LA loai séng c6 bien 46 duge didu ché bign Adi theo am tin abut mé 14 trén hinh 13.03b. Tai my thu, am tén dugc téch ra khdi song digu bién dé trd vé dang ci cila no, 06 thé nghe duge. 3, S6ng didu tan (FM- frequency modulation) LA loai sng 06 tin sé duge digu ché bién déi theo bién 46 cila mot tin higu nao 46, thutdng ditge ding trong phét thank FM thvong mai hay trong ky thugt ém thanh cia tivi. (Hinh 13,03¢). 60g Hn tye f a ‘ng mang} Stig ia ne » Séng mang Sing dif ché tn 36 a FF 80 dt ang $m [pone ns — Hinh 13.03 4, Song xung (PM) LA Joai séng duige phat di du6i dang xung s6ng mang ngfn, sau Khi phat mot xung thi ding ‘mot thdi lugng nhét dinh (chu kj 1p xung) di ti€p tue phat mot xung khéc (Hinh 13 03¢). Bulge st dung trong rada va cfc linh ve ky thugt khéc. 13.1.9 Quy dinh cde kf higu ché 4 phat sng ‘MBi mét ché dO phat cila mdy phat séng duge quy dinh béi 3 ky nf: + Ky ty thit nbd -loai diéu ch€ s6ng mang co bin + Kg ny tht hai - tinh cht cia tin hiéu diéu ché sng mang co ban + Ky tyfthit ba - logi thong tin phat Chi tit abu sau, SO TAY HANG HAI 4921.-Ky othe nbd . 7 Chi ra dang diéu ch€ cia song mang co bin, chia ra lam 3 nh6m, si¥ dung mOt trong céc ky tt trong 3 nhém sau day, : 1) N- biéu thi s6ng mang khéng diéu ché 2) Céc séng mang sau day duge diéu bien, trong 46, ‘A= séng mang da bién H~ s6ng mang don bien, nguyen song R~s6ng mang don bién, c6 mite suy gidm hoc bign thién J song mang don bién, nén B ~s6ng mang bién 4c lap = C—s6ng mang bién rét 3) Song mang sau day diéu ch€ theo g6e a7 F~s6ng mang diéu tin G~ song mang diéu pha ~ D—séng mang diéu bien ding thdi dieu ch theo g6c hodc theo m9t thit ny quy dink 4) Phat xung 7 P—xung khong didu ché phat theo thi ny K-~xung didu bién 7 L~xung digu ché 46 rong/tin s6 lap M-—xung digu ché pha Q-xung véi sng mang didu ché g6c V—dang két hop cfc logi trén 2 Ky math hai Chira tinh chit cla tin higu diéu ché sng mang. Sit dyng mot trong céc ky ny sau day, 0 tin higu khong digu ché 1 ~ mt kénh don chifa th6ng tin lwgng hoé hoe s6 hod khOng ding s6ng mang phy diéu ché 2—mét kénh don chita théng tin lugng hod hode s6 hod o6 ding song mang phy diéu ché 3—mt kénh don 6 thOng tin wong ty (analogue) 7~ hai hay nbiéu kénh o6 thong tin lugng hod node sO hod 8 —hai hay nhiéu kénh o6 thong tin twong ty (analogue) - 9 —hé thong phitc hop véi mot hoe nhiéu kénh chia théng tin lugng hoé ho8e s6 hod ching V6i mpt hodc nhieu kénh thong tin twong ty (analogue) SO TAY HANG HAI 493X cfc nting hop khée 3, Kg tifthi ba Chi ra loai tin bigu phat di, sif dung N—phét khong théng tin ‘A phat dign bao — nbn bang am thanh B — phét dign bio, nbn ty dong C-Facsimile 1p —phdt da ligu, do ung tr xa, Kenh did khidn tir xa mot trong cfc ky ty sau day, E phat thoai W—két hgp ofc dang tren X— khong thude cée dang tren “Thong tin liém lac trong hang bai s6ng ide phat di FIB, J3E, AIA, ASE, TLX, SSB, AM, H3E, F3E, DSC, 328, G2B va CW. v..¥. duéi cée dang sau day: 134.10 Nguyén lf hoat dng co ban cia may phat séng Dudi day migu tebe bb phn chinh yéu cba may phét v2 nguyén If Khéi quét vé od ché oat dng cia n6, xem hinh 13.04. + BO phin ngubn dign cung ofp dign mot chi (1). + Bo dao dong (2), chuyén dign mot chiéu sang dao (goi la s6ng mang). © Thiécb kiém soat th + Bo phan khuyéch dai (4) 4G ting cong suit cia bG dao d6ng. ché (5) a€ didu ch€ song mang bién 46i bién 46 ola né theo dong thap o6 bién dé bien: 6i theo 4m than. ‘dong dign ding bién véi tn 86 radio nsf dao dong (3) dé bin d6i tn s6 cia DO dao dong. + M@t micro va mot méy dig ‘am tin. Am tin 1a tn s6 dao + Bo khuyéch dai cubi cing (6) 4€ tang cOng sot phat. + Anten phat s6ng (7), tai @ay dao ‘dng 06 tin sO s6ng mang va bien do bién Adi theo am tdn dude biic xa vo khong gian. Hin 13.04 12.41 Ngoyén If hoat dong eo bin cia méy thu sémg SO TAY HANG HAI 494Dui day 1a cic b6 phin chfnh yéu cia mdy thu va nguyén If khdi quit vé cg ché boat d6ng. cba n6, hinh 13.05: - + Anten thy s6ng (1). ‘Séng vO tuy€n trayén trong khOng gian gap anten, [a mot chét dia dign, sé sink ra dong ign vai tan s6 vo tuy€n trong 46, BS Ia song mang c6 bién 46 bien 46i theo am tan. + BG phn chon tin 6 (2), Ding dé chon thu mgt tén s6 (tin s6 s6ng mang) trong niu tén s6 ph trong khong. ian. + BO phn khuyéch dai (3) DE khuy€ch dai tin higu y€u ot ma anten thu duge. + BO phan tach sing (4) 5 Dé téch 4m tin (tin hiGu de tring cho 4m thanh) ra khdi sng mang. Am tin IA tin sO thafp 6 thé nghe duge. + BG phén khuyéch dai am tin (5). Dé tang cOng sudt s6ng am tén, + Loa). Dang 48 nghe am tin (ting n6i hay tin hig). i veer an] Hinh 13.05 3.2 He théng cifu nan va an todn hang hai toan clu GMDSS 3.2.1 Gidi thigu téng quat ai hi ddng IMO trong phién hop nam 1979 xem xét lai toan bé thie trang edu tric ofa he thdng th6ng tin lién lac cifu nan va an toan Iéc bay gid, trén oo sd nhiing thinh tu cia cue céch mang khoa hoc ky thudt thong tin vA liém lac cia thé gidi, 4 quyét dinh thi€s 14p mot he théng bao nan va an toan mdi, bao gdm c&u tmic lai ha ting phdi hgp tim kiém va ctu nan toan clu goi 1a“ Hé théng citu nan va an todn hang hai toan edu” (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System ~GMDSS) nhim myc dich kiém sodt va cdi tia mét céch eo bin va c6 ¥ ngbiia vé an toan cho sinh ménh con ngubi Khi hoat dng hang hai tren bién, Bat diu ti 1 thang 2 nm 1999 ted c&c tau Khéch, tau hang 6 dung tai 300 GT va lén hon ‘d6ng mdi sau ngay 1 théng 2 nim 1995 chay tuyén que t& phai hoan tt trang bi cfc thiét bj theo yéu cdu cita céc nghi quyét sita di vi bé sung SOLAS 1974 (IMO) cing véi BS luat vd tuyén dién siia’ ddi cia Higp hoi lién lac vién thong Quéc té (Intemational ‘Telecommunication Union - ITU). SO TAY HANG HAI 495132.2 Chife ning chung ca he thing hi nigm oo bin cia hé th6ng bio naa va an toda hang hail GMDSS sha chite trdch fim gin va ets nan trén bd va cdc hoat dfng hing hai ln cfm cla com rdw, hodic con nguoi dang Jam nan phai duge bdo dong mdi cach nhanh chéng tai nan dé ho co thé hd tro trong viée hot hap cc hoat déng tim kiém va cit nan mot edch tk chm 18 nhdt. He thOng cbn cung cp cach thitc lién lac va ban bé khdn cp va an toan cée théng tin vé an toan hang hai (céc anh bio hang hii va khi tuing, vi c&e dy béo cbng nhs cfc théng tin hin ofp va an todn). Néi mot céch khée, mdi tau, bat ké khu vic hoat dng, phai thy hign chife ning lén lac rat Thiel the cho an toin ban thin con thu ofa ho va c&e tu khéc cling host 1) Phat tayén b6 mot ban tin khén cd'p wen HF + Chon bing HF duge coi 18 thfch hyp abit, c6 xét ti dic tinh truyén lan cia sug HF vao mia thy té va thoi gian trong ngay, bing tia 8 MHz, trong nhiéu trating hyp, duge coi abu 1a Iya chon ddu tén, + Didu hung méy phat HF vé kénh cttw nan DSC trong bing HIF 44 chon; + G6 ban phim hoc chon dinh dang cugc goi cho, hog 18 cue goi theo khu vue dia IY hode cudc goi riéng biet trén thiét bi DSC thfch hop; + Trong tru@ng hgp goi cho khu vuc thi gO ban phim theo nhung dic diém khu vue dia ly tong ting + Theo chi dn, g6 bin phim hodc chon céc théng tin tudng ting trén ban phfm thiét bi DSC ht trinh bay 6 Myc 13.3.2/1. bao gdm loai hinh lién lac ma trong 46 ban tin khdn célp Auge phat di (thoai v6 tuy€n ode telex v6 tuyén). + Néu cue goi DSC duige gti ti mot tram ba riéng biét, hay dgi sif béo nhan ca tram bd 46. Néw khong thu ditgc béo nh§n trong vai phit tht Iép lai cue goi DSC wén mgt tin s6 HE Kh&c duge cho 18 thich hop. 2) Phat ban tin khdn cp va hah dong tiép theo + Bidu hung méy phét HF vé kénh lou thong cfu nan ( din thoai, hode felex) duge chi dinis trong tuyén bs DSC. + Néu nhu ban tin khdn cp duge phat di bing thoai v6 tuyéa thi theo ee thi tue tah bay 8 Muc 13.3.2/1. + Néu ban tin Kadn edlp duge phét di bang telex v6 tuyén thi &p dung c4c thd tye sau day: = Sit dung phudng thfc FEC ( Forword Error Correcting), tri khi ban tin duge giti dén méttram don di biét sé nhgn dang telex v6 twyn ca n6. + Bat dau bin tin telex nh sav: + CR, LE, letter shift + tin higu kh cilp “PAN PAN” + tt “this is* + 9 chits6'nhin dang cila tau va hé higu hode cach nhdn dang khéc cia tau. = ndi dung ban tin khdn cdp. B4o aban va phat m6t bin tin khdn cp duge giti dén céc tau trang bi HF trong mot khu vue Ae bigt, 06 thé duge lap Iai trén mot sO bing HF ah§n thy rng a6 phd hgp véi tink hin hate 1. 3) Nhan mgt ban tin khdn cap SO TAY HANG HAI 513Cc tau nh§n m$t cuge goi khan cap DSC duge tuyén bé trén mét bn tin khan cp khéng cd phi béo nhin vige d& thu cude goi DSC nhung phai diéu hung mAy thu lign lac v6 twyén dn tan s6 va phucng thic lién lac chi dinh trong cudc got DSC 4é thu ban tin, 3. Antoin ‘Thi tue 4& phat mot tuyén bé an ton DSC va phét mot ban tin an toan gidag nhy myc 13.3.6/2. tritkhi: + tuyén bS DSC, ép dung cho SAFETY; wong ban tin an toan, 4p dung tfn hiéu an toan “ SECURITE” ma khOng sit dung tin higu khén cap “PAN PAN”. 4. Thong tén cng cOng trén HF ( Public Correspondence on HF) Ci thi tuc lin lac DSC cho théng tn céng céng trén HF ciing ging nhv cho MF. hai xem xét dc tinh trayén song khi tin hanh lién lac DSC trén HP. Cac kénh DSC HF quéc té va quéc gia khdc véi cdc kénh DSC sit dung cho muc dich eitu nan va an toan dutge 4p dung cho DSC thong tn cOng cong Céc tau goi tram bs HF bling DSC théng tin cng cOng t6t nhét sit dung cfc kénh goi DSC cela quée gia trem b’. 5, Thit thiét bi ditng cho khan cp va an todn uén HF Céc thd rue thi thiét bj tai tu ding cho cdc cuge goi ctu nan, khdn cép vA an toan tren HF bing céch phét tin higu goi thir DSC trén kénh cttu nan HF DSC cing gidng nhv thit tin sO cfu nan MF DSC 2187,5 kHz, 134 Céc hé thing lién lac Sp dung trén ton du 13.4.1 Lién lac xuyen Iye dia ( Terrestrial Communication) 1. Dich vu in lac tm xa Sit dung HF cung effp dich vy lién lac tim xa theo hai chiéu wi tu dén bd va tir bY dén thu. Trong khu vuc bao phi boi INMARSAT cé thé sit dung n6 nhu gidi phap thay thé cho lien Jac vé tinh va bén ngoai khu vuc 46, n6 chi c6 kha nang cung cp cdc dich vu lién lac tim xa. Tan s6 trong bing 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 MHz duge sit dung cho dich vu niy. Goi chon s6 DSC tao thinh co s8 cho lién lac béo d6ng citu ngn va an toan, Lién Ige citu nan va an toan tiép theo DSC o6 thé duge thyc hién bing thoai v6 tuyén hode “in tryc ti€p gidi dn hep” (NBDP). 2. Dich va tém trung binh Mét dich vu tém trung binh cung cp trén tn s6 trong bang 2 MHz. Tan sé 2187 kHz lién lac trén cdc hudng ti thu dén bd, tir tau dén thu, ti bd dén thu dugc sit dung cho béo dong cia nan va cuOc goi an toan ding DSC, con tén s6 2182 kHz duc sit dung cho luu thong cfu nan va an toan bling thoai vO myén bao gém lién lac cho phi hgp tim cifu SAR va lién lac hign truting (on-sence). Tin sé 2174,5 kHz dutge sit dung cho telex v6 tuy€n (NBDP) va hi thong, citu nan va an toin, 3. Dich vu dm ngfn SO TAY HANG HAI 514‘VHF cung effp dich vy thm ngén trén cc tin s6: a. 156,525 MHz (kénh 70) cho céc béo dng cxfu nan va cude'goi an toan ding DSC, va b. 157,8 MHz (kénh 16) cho lu théng citu nan va an toin bing thoai v6 tuyén-bao gém lién lac cho ph6i hgp tim cifu SAR va lién lac hign trating, 134.2 Lien lac ve tinh Lign lac vé tinh 1a mot thanh phin dc biét quan trong trong GMDSS. Hé thoog INMARSAT sif dung cfc vé tinh dja tinh, hoat déng trén céc bing tia 1,5.va 1,6 GHz cung cfp cho céc tau c6 Idp Tram Tau Mat dit ( Ship Earth Stations - SES) big php béo dong va khi ning lign lac hai chiéu sit dung telex vO tuyEn va thoai vO tuyén, Céc EPIRB vé tinh bang L dugc sit dung dé b4o dng. Hé théng INMARSAT SafetyNET duge sit dung dé phat thanh cfc thong tin an ton hang hai (MSI) dn cdc khu vue khéng phi hé thong NAVTEX. Mot he thdng vé tinh quy dao cite COSPAS-SARSAT hoat dong trén bing tin 406 ~ 406,1 ‘MHz va sit dung EPIRB vé tinh 406 Miz cung c{p m6t rong hing gidi phdp chiah cho béo dng ctu nan va x4c dinh vi tri cba cude goi ctu nan trong hé thong GMDSS. 1. Hg théng vé tinh hang hai INMARSAT He thng vé tinh hang hai cé 3 phn don chinh: phn doan trong kh6ng gian INMARSAT, cc tram b8 mit dt (Coast Earth Station ~ CES) nim trong Higp uéc INMARSAT va céc eg t2u mit dit (SES). He théng INMARSAT cung ep cho tau én bign mot phuong thife lién lec hign dai cong ogi va cht lugng giGng nh c&c thiét bi c6 tren b8. Cc thiét bj SES tai tau cung ofp cée hd ning ggi ue tiép, n6i wr 2Ong khong cham t8 bing céch sit dung lién lac da ma chat Iugng cao. ce mAy in t xa (teleprinter), mn hinh hin thi (VDU) 4ign thoai, cing ohv cée méy facsimile, thiét bi di ligu ( data equipment) phuc vu nh Ia céc thiét bi ngoai vi cho SES. Noi digu khién bé thong la Trung tim Kiém soét Host ddng (OCC) dit tai vin phing chink INMARSAT tai Vuong quéc Anh. OCC néi dn céc trang tdi kiém soat vé tinh cia céc t6 chite cho thué dich vu vé tinh & ce qu6c gia. 1) Phan doga khong gian. - Phan doan khong gian cila hé thOng bao gm 4 vé tink lién Igc va c&e vé tinh du phong trén uy 420 €6 thé duge sit dung néu thay én. Cée vg tinh duge phéng 1én quy dao dia Gah, trén quy dao mi vé tinh chuyén déng chinh xc cling t6c #8 vi chuyén dong quay cia u4i dat va duy tri ding mot vi tri niong 461. wen xich dgo tréi dat, ¢ vi ti nay anten trén tri d&t déu c6 thé duy tr lién lac v6i vé tinh. Céc vé tinh digu khidn boi Trung tim kim sodt vé tinh (SCC). ‘M8i mét vé tinh c6 mot ving bao phi, dé La mét ving trén bé mit wai dt (gém bién va luc dia) mA 6 46 mgt anten di ding hogc od dinh o6 thé lién lac theo duding ng&m bing m4t (ine-of-sight) vi vé tinh. Hinb 13.09 cho thay 4 vé tinh trén khOng gian va ving bao phi iia n6 tudng ting v6i 4 Khu vyc dai dung. + Khu vye Bai tdy dutmng ~ Dong ( AOR - East) SO TAY HANG HAI 515+ Khu vue Dai tay ditong~Tay (AOR - West) + Khu wie An dd duomg (OR) + Khu vye Thai binh dung (POR) Hinh 13.09 2) Phin doan mat dat Phan dogn wén mat dt gbm c6 cfc tram bY mat dat ( CES) cila h¢ thong ton edu, of tram ph6i hgp mang luéi (NCS) va Trung tam diéu haoh mang li (NOC). ‘Tram bd mat 44t CES cung c&p sy két n6i gitta cdc vé tinh va mang ludi lién lac vién thong qu6e gialquSc t€. Céc anten 16n duige sit dung bai che CES dé lién lac v6i vé tinh cho ting ‘ving bién c6 thé déng thdi tac nghiép vdi nhiéu cudc goi mét Itc dén va di tix CES. ‘MBi mt hé thong lién Igc INMARSAT cé mot mang hidi CES riéng ca minh. ‘MBi m6t tram bo mat dat CES cung cp sy két n6i gitfa cdc vé tinh va mang Judi lien tac vio thong. 3) Céc tram thu mat Ait ( Ship earth station SES) ‘Yéu cdu cba chwong IV Céng uéc SOLAS 1974 c6 thé duc thod maa béi mét tram tau mgt ‘4dt SES lién lac hai chiéu nhu 1a INMARRSAT Standard ~A va Standard - C cling voi sy phat tién ciia INMARSAT -B va M. a) Standard- A ‘Tram Yao mit dit SES cia INMARSAT Standard -A g6m c6 hai phn, mét phan thiét bi dat wén cao, mot pha thiét bi dat trén boong. Phin trén cao gém cé mt anten parabol dung kinh 0,8~1,2 mét dat trén gid phdng va én dinh sao cho né lun hyéng vé pha vé tinh SO TAY HANG HAI 516mc di tau chuyn dng bé, Ife, quay, trén 46 6 ede trang bi phy tro nhtt b6 khuyéch dai cong sudt bing L, b6 khuych dai tap 4m thép...Phin tr6n bong gém c6 thiét bj diéu khién anten, céc thiét bj dign tt lién lac ding vao vige phét va thu, thigt bj tin hiu, dién thoai va telex, méy vi tinh, véi VDU, ban phim, may in va modem, . ) Standard -C ‘Tram thu mat dat SES Standarrd ~ C rt nhé gon, trong lung nhe duge thiét ké cho lién lac ban tin hai chiéu. Nhung SES standard ~ C khéng thé dng cho lién lac dién thozi v6 myén, chiing hogt d6ng véi 600 bit/s va cung cp duding vao hé thong telexiteletex quéc té, dich vu e.mail va co sd do ligu may tah. Thiet bi vdi kich thude nhd gon, sit dung ft dign nang nay thydng dugc idp rép tren cdc tai nhé. Ngoai ra, SES Standard — C c6 thé sit dung nhu' IA mét thiét bj dy phdng cho SES Standard -; A trén céc tu I6n va cing c6 thé lam thiét bj tha phét of dinh hog xéch tay trén tau hode trén xudng cp citu, E ©) INMARSAT -B INMARSAT - B cung cfp cfc dich vy lién Ige chi yéu, dang tin cay va chat Iugng cao, gm 6 bon mang lvéi lién lac dc lap (c4c ving dai dudng vé tink), mdi hé théng cé mét vé tinh, hoat dng, mt tram mgt dét di dng (Mobile Earth Station - MES), m6t tram ph6i hgp mang |ui6i (Network Co-Odination Station - NCS) va cdc tram luc dia m&t dt (Land Barth Station + LES), cdc tram luc dja mat dat cung c4p 16i vao c4c mang ludi lién lac mat dat quéc 1é. NSC cung cp chifc nang quan If toan bo mang lu6i bao gém viéc phan chia dich vy lién lac ign thoai va di ligu, dbng thoi dim bio nhing cugc goi citu nan phdi due chuyén bling LES. Coa CES thi thye hién syf phin chia kénh cho tft cd cdc cue goi telex INMARSAT — B. Dich vu INMARSAT 1) May thu SES cudc goi EGC ( Enhanced Group Call SES Receiver) My thu SES EGS INMARSAT Ia mt méy thu kénh don véi b6. xif ly va méy in ban tin ebuyén dung, Né duge thiét ké uve canh liéa tue dé ohgn ban tin INMARSAT SafetyNET MSI va bin tin thuong mai..MOt EGC o6 khd ning phu trg cho SES Standard ~ A va Standard - C dé cung cap vige tryc canh chuyén dung hodc hoat d6ng nh mot méy thu dc 1p véi anten rigng. Mét méy thu INMARSAT SafetyNET phai duge ldp cho tt c8 cdc tin vugt qua ving phit dich vu NAVTEX quéc t€ theo yéu cdu ota chisong IV SOLAS 1974 (Sita 46i 1988). 2) Béo dong cif nan tiy tau- dén-bd ( Ship to shore distress alerting) Hg théng INMARSAT cung cap uu tién I6i vao céc kénh lién lac vé tinh trong tinh hudng khdn efip. Mai tram tu mit dit SES o6 khé ming khdi dong mt bin tin “ yéu edu” uu tién cho cite nan, Bét ky mét ban tin “yéu edu” chi thi wt tién cho citu nan duive béo nhin mot céch us dOng tai CES va mOt kenh vé tinh duge phan cOng gay lép tite. Néu tét cf céc kénh ¥é tinh d8u dang bin thi mt trong céc kénh A sé phi duge “lam ring” (pre-emptied) va ‘gianh riéng dé xéc dinh ngay vj ti SES da chi thi cudc goi vu tién cifu nan. Qué tinh cla ‘ede cuge goi nhut vay 1a hoan toan ty dong va khéng c6 sy can thigp ca con ngudi. Tuy uhién, céc nbaa viéa tai CES dude théng bao bang béo ding Am thanh/ thj gidc dé sn sang thu nh§n va chuyén tiép ban tin vu tién cau nan. SO TAY HANG HAI 517Dé dim bio xi ly chinh xéc “cde yéu cau ue tién”, c&c tram phéi hgp mang lv6i (NCS) 5 ‘mBi khu vue dai dung gidm sét mét céch ty dng qué tinh cfc cude goi nbu vay bing tat cd cdc tram b& bién (CES) trong khu vyc 66. Trong trutng hop phét hién o6 sy bit thutng nio 46 trong qué tinh thi NCS 4p dung hanh dng thich hgp 4€ thiét lap su két n6i tir ddu- €n-cudi. Ngoai ra NCS giém sét cbn kiém tra dic diém nhn dang trong cde ban tin wu tién ctfu nan va thu nhan mt cdch ty déng céc cudc goi néu nhu phat hién dc diém nbn dang ciia mét CES nao 46 khong hoat dong ( diéu 46 c6 thé x4y ra n€u aby c6 sai sét vé vén hanh ‘trén tu dang 14m nan). Vige bat ddu mét ban tin vu tién citu nan trén hdu hét céc tram tau mat dit (SES) duge thuyén vign trén tu thife bién m6t céch don gidn bing dn aut “ distress button” hoc cée ‘ma trén SES. Khi cho nit nay hoat dong thi thiét bi se ty dOng phat ngay l4p bic ban tin wy tin oifu nan, thigt lép su két néi tu BGng mot cach tnfc tiép va dim bao dén nba chtc tréch cp cfu di thém quyén. Diéu nay git trénh nhting sai sét do ngui diéu Khién khi chon hay g6 ban phim cdc s& telex hode dién thoai trong diéu kign khdn effp. Vige thiét lap suf két n6i ti ddu-dén-cudi duge thyc hién hoan toin ty dng trong quy tinh phat ban tin uu tién itu nan chi dia ra trong vai gidy. Negoai chic ning béo dng ctu nan ty dng nb trinh bay 3 én, INMARSAT trang bi cho tau cdn 66 thé két ndi véi bat cif tram phdi hop cif nan RCC my chon theo mét thi tuc goi théng thudng bing cach chon céc cdc s6 goi dign thoaiftelex quéc té hon chinh. 3) Béo dong cau nan bo-dén-tau khOng 06 INMARSAT SafetyNET Béo déng cifu nan bd-dén-tiu cho mt nh6m tau cé INMARSAT-A, -B, -C SES nhung KhGng 06 thi€t bi INMARSAT SafetyNET c6 thé thuc hign theo thé thife nh sau: a) “Goi tit ca cdc tau” — goi t&t cd c&c tau cfm lu ¥ trong khu we dai duftong. Tuy nhién, cAn chd ¥ ring, vi ving bao phi cila vé tinh dia tinh rat In cho nén kiéu béo déng aby vay Khéng higu qua 14m, mc di tring hop nay o6 thé la trutng hop c& biet. ) “Cuge goi theo ving dia If” — goi cae tau dang hanh hai trong mOt khu vuc dia ly gidi han, Vong phi séng cia mi vé tinh duge phin chia ra cdc khu vye nhd hon duge gi6i han trén co s6 cdc NAVAREA, mdi mot ving nb vay ¢6 ma sO ving riéng gém hai cht $6 duy nbit. SES sé nhdn ra céc ma s6 46 va thu cudc goi ving mét céch tw dng chi khi ngodi Van hinh SES cdi @3t ma $6 chinh xéc. Hé théng yéu cdu ngudi vin hanh phii hap ma s6 bing tay Kkhi di vio ving twong ting. c) “Cudc goi nhém cho céc tau Iva chon” — dich vy nay cung ep cho mt s6 SES trong “thé thie h8 tig ngvsi van han” cho phép bdo d6ng dén mot nhém tau xée dinh trusec, Dich vy nly rat hitu ich cho béo d6ng, vi du, cho thiét bj SAR. ‘Trt khi SES khéng uu thong wén mang, SES ti€p nhan duge tét cf cée ban tn gti dén KhOng 06 th ty vu tién, Nhung mgt SES tiéu chun ddi hdi phii o6 thigt bj béo dong trén budng lai dé bao dong cdc cude goi ba-dEn-tdu wu tien cao. 4) Béo dong citu nan b8-dEn-tau voi INMARSAT SafetyNET Méy thu EGC o6 thé 1& m6t b6 phin cffu thinh cba SES hoje cfing o6 thé 18 mot thiét bi riéng hoan toan. Trong cd hai trutag hyp, mAy thu EGC déu thyc hign tt chite ning EGC dim bdo kha nang cao trong vie thu nhdn céc ban tin béo dong citu nan bd-dén-tau. Khi thu SO TAY HANG HAI 518duige mot bin tin wu tien efu nan thi may sé béo bing tin higu &m thank, chi ding khi tft bang tay. ’ ‘Mufin vao EGC SafetyNET thong qua trung tim phi hgp cfu nan RCC cdin phi thye hig cdc thi tuc edn thiét gidng nhu la béo dng ctu nan bd-dén-tau d6i voi SES tiéu chugn, Mot 86 RCC c6 thé khong c6 kha nang nbn duge su két noi mat dét dén mot tram bo mat dat CES, thi phai lp dat Inmarsat SES tai RCC. Nh3 d5 RCC 6 thé phat béo dng ctu nan thng qua SES dén céc tram bd mat d&t CES, tai dé béo dng eifu nan sé duye chuyén tiép bling c&ch phét thanh qua hé théng Inmarsat SafetyNET. 45) Lién lac phéi hgp tim va citu (SAR) : bé phdi hop va kiém soat hoat dOng tim va citu SAR, RCC cdn phdi thiét lép lién lac véi au Jam nan cling nhu v6i céc dun vj tham gia vao hoat dng nay. Phong ph4p va phuong thite ign lac (mgt Adt, vé tinh, dign thoai telex) dude &p dung phdi tuy theo kha ning hién o6 trén ‘du lim nan cfing nhu kha ning cba cdc tau h tr. Tréa cdc thu trang bj mot phan hodc ‘rang bi boda chinh ddu moi vé tink du phét huy sy tién Igi cho hé théng Inmarsat ign lac ‘han, tin c@y ké ed vigc thu nhan MSI. ‘Trong GMDSS, si két ndi tin c@y gitta cdc RCC I rét quan trong, mot RCC 06 thé thu duge ‘mt ban tin citu ngn cdch xa hang ngan hai ly. tai 46 can sv tg gitip, nhuing RCC nay khong thich hgp dé hé wd cn thiét. Trong tudng hop 46, su chuyén tp nhanh chéng ban tin ctu nan nay dén mot RCC thich hgp Khde o6 Kha nang thu i dé hé trg. BE tang t6e dé liga lac gia RCC-Aén -RCC, mot 6 tram RCC o6 lp dat SES c6 kh ning thiét Hip lién lac qua hé thdng Inmarsat. Mét thiét bj nhu vay rit hitu ich cho vige két n6i dutrig dai cho cdc t8 chic tim vA eitu SAR, 6) Lién lac tim va edu (SAR) tai hign tudng Lién lac tai hign wudng l& cdc lién lac gitta tau lam nan va cdc thu trg gitp, gitfa tau SAR va chi huy hign tri@ng (On-sene Commander) hodc Ic lugng phéi hgp tim kign tén mit bién. C&c lién lac nay phan Idn 1a céc lién lac tm ngdn thating thuc hién trén tn sO cdu nan va an toan VHF va MF trong hé thing GMDSS. Tuy nhién 4c tdu ¢6 trang bj INMARSAT SES, néu cn, o6 thé ding lién lac qua ve tinh, coi nbut li mét cach bé sung cho VHF, MF. 7) EPIRB vé tinh bang tin L ( L-Band Satellite EPIRBs) ql EPIRB ( Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) Ia mot phao ti€u v6 ty chi béo vi tri Khin efip thong qua vé tinh INMARSAT. Béo déng citu nan do EPIRB phét di dugc ve ‘inh Inmarsat thu aban chuyén tiép dén nhing thiét bi thu chuyén dung dat tai bon tram bo ‘mat dt CES nlm tén cdc khu vuc dai duong. Ngudi ta dy dinh dat thém bn tram CES nifa ‘hi 8 ohting tram dip bao phi khu vue dOng va tay Dai tay dong. Mdi mgt CES duge n6i En c&c eg quan chic wich ctu nan quéc gia. M&i mt co quan chife tréch ty xi ly cc Ooh fhuding khdn fp hode chuyén cdc thong tin d€x mot RCC thich hyp, thong thuting thi mot RCC gan _ngudn béo dong citu nan nbat a thich hgp dé tién hanh cdc hanh déng phéi bgp ctu nan. EPIRB két n6i véi vj tri dude xdc dinh bing hé thOng dinh vi toan cau GPS thong qua hé théng lién Igc Inmarsat cia cOng nghé vé tinh dia Unb. Vigc sit dung vé tinh dia tinh Lam tang rat nhanh t6c 46 chuy€n tip b4o dng citu nan vi khéng cn mat théi gian chi dgi ve tinh xuat hign trén chan tri. SO TAY HANG HAI 519May phdt EPIRB sif dung bing tn L cho lién lgc ctu nan hang hai vi bing tin niy khdng bi nb hung ca diéu kign khi tudng va khong bi nhi€u tir ngu’i str dung bing tn L khéc. ‘Tin higu cap cit trong EPIRB due khdi dong bling tay hod ty dng khi n6 duge tha ndi ty do'trong nuéc, ban tin ma né phét di it nht phai bao gm s6 nan dang, vj ti va thoi gian béo dong. ‘Tin higu ty EPIRB phat di dugc hai tram bY mit dét CES trong khu ve dai duong thu dug. ‘M&i mGt mot khu vuc dai duiong déu c6 thiét bi dip 100% dé dé phdng mot tram CES nao 6 bi truc tric. 7 Sau khi CES thy duge, tin higu duge chuyén di ngay lap tte mot cach ty dng d€n Trung tam ph6i hgp citu nan hang hai MRC. Théi gian tir khi phét béo dng ctu nan dén Khi trung tim MCC thu duge trong pham vi S plait, o6 Khi chi duéi 2 phut, EPIRB’*ndi ty do"c6 ede tink nding sau day: + Vj tr xéc dinh bing GPS c6 46 chinh xéc trong Khoang 200 mét + khdi dGng ty dng khi ri khdi gid va néi wf do trong nue; + Khdi dng va nb§p thng tin ty d6ng tt budng I4i eta tau; + 06 thé chon thém bé phn héi rada cho tim va ctf; + 66 thé Iya chon thém phao xéc dinh vi ti 121,5 MHz; + dn chép chu ky chim cuding 6 manh. N6i dung ban tin citu nan trong EPIRB nht sax: + Ma s6 hé théng (Unique Beacon Identity) + Vite (kinh, vi d6); + Thai gian c&p nha theo vi tf; + Tinh chét tai nan : + Huong di; + Téc 86; «+ Thi gian khdi dong EPIRB n§ng chimg 5 kg, c6 thé x4ch tay mang theo yao xuéng city sinh hoe phao bé tw : thei. ‘Trén tau, c6 thé Ip tén budng Mdi mot man hinh biéu thi trang thdi va sO doc vj oi wen EPIRB. Trong tung hop khdn ep phai théng qua ma nga trén ban phim 4é khdi dong ban tinb4o dng bao gém céc thong tin bé sung vé tinh chat tai nan. ‘Sau khi khdi dng, EPIRB sé phat lién tyc trong 48 gid név Khong ¢6 can thiép bing tay cho z ding phat. 3. Hé thOng COSPAS-SARSAT 1) Kh4i nigm cg bin cla COSPAS-SARSAT, xem hinh 13.10. SO TAY HANG HAI 520Hinh 13.10 COSPAS-SARSAT ( COSPAS: Space System for Search of Distress and Vessels. SARSAT: Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking) Ja mt hé théng thm va citu vdi sut h6 trg cla vé tinh duge thiét ké dé xéc dinh vi tri cdc phao bdo nan phat tén s6 121,5 MHz ho§e 406 ‘MHz. D6 la mot hé théng lin két duge xay dying bdi Canada, Php, MJ va Nga. COSPAS-SARSAT c6 kha nang gidm sét va xéc dinh vi ui céc tin higu cfu nan toan cu trén o6 36 céc vé tinh c6 46 cao thép trén c&c quy dao di qua gan céc dia cue. N6 4% phat hy higu qua rt t6t trong cde cud tim va edu SAR trén khip thé gidi. Tait cc tau hoat dong trong ving Al, A2, vi A3 phi trang bi EPIRB v¢ tinh bang glo L.nhut mot gidi phap thay thé, thi edt cd c&c tau SOLAS phai duoc trang bi EPIRB vé tinh 406 MHz trong he thong COSPAS-SARSAT. Céc tin higu phét ti c&c EPIRB duigc phat hién bai céc vé tinh quy dao dia cafe voi thiét bi thu va xt ly thich hgp cia hé thng COSPAS-SARSAT. Céc tin hiéu nay lap te duge chuyén tigp vé mat aft cho may thu cla tram diu méi dja phuing (LUT) dé thyc hign vie ‘4c dinh vi ai cla EPIRB. Tiép theo mot b4o dng cing vOi cdc thong tin vé vj tf tai nan va céc théng tin khéc duge chayén tiép dén trung tam diéu khién sf vu (MCC - Mission Controt Centre) ciia quéc gia hodc céc MCC khéc hod nha chite trich SAR thfch hop a b&t 2u hoat dong SAR. Céc EPIRB hién nay sit dung hai tdn 3, 121,5 MHz (tin sé khdn cp cho hang haif hing khong quéc té) va bang tin 406,0~406,1 MHz. Tan s6 406 MHz tét hon vé 46 chinh xc xe dinh vj ti. Viée xéc dink vi tri cia EPIRB dugc thyc hién bing nguyén ly dich choyén Doppler. Bé t5i uu vige xéc din vi tri cdc phao tiéu ngudi ta str dung céc vé tinh quy ¢20 dia cyc d} cao tha. Cau hinh cia h€ thng v¢ tinh binh thudng bao gém 4 vé tinh, 2 vé tinh cho COSPAS va hai vé tinh cho SARSAT (Hinh 13.10). SO TAY HANG HAI 5212) Céc EPIRB vé tinh a) BPIRB 121,5 MHz EPIRB 121,5 di dude sit dung rng rii én mdy bay vA trén tau thu, n6 phi thod min hing tinh ning ky thugt quéc gia tén co sd tiéu chudn cia TS chifc bang khéng din dung quée té (ICAO). b) EPIRB 406 MHz Su phat trién cia EPIRB vé tinh 406 MHz 44 kh phe duge nbuge diém ca EPIRB 121,5 MHz. Logi mdi nay duge thiét ké dac bigt cho viée x4c dinh vi tri bing Doppler, gbm od céc ic tinh nhy sau: + 6 chinh xéc xc dinh vi tri va céc gidi phdp ching nhiéu 4a duige cai thign; + gia Uing tinh nang cla hé théng, ttc la c6 thé thu va xiF IY déng thd céc tin hiéu ti ede phao tigu trong tm nhin cla vé tinh phat di = bao phil toan cfu = mét s6 nhan dang duy nist cho méi phao va + bao gdm cd céc thong tin ettu nan. ‘Hau hét céc EPIRB bién nay déu duce khuyén cfo ché tao véi hai tn s6, mic di tin s& 121,5 MHz 1a khong bét bud. Né thich hop trang bi cho cc don vj SAR va cho su gidm sét béi may bay. uj theo loai trang bj cho méy bay, tau thuj, luc dia ma EPIRB duge thiét k€ host dong ty dong hose bling tay hol c& hai. EPIRB phai duge ding ky s6 sé-ri cung cdc thong tin lign quan khée tong co sé di ligu, C6 thé tham khdo cdc trung tam dng ky trong ALRS tip 5. 3) Bé héi dép radar tim va cfu SART SART ( Search and Rescue Radar Transponder) 1a phyong tién chinh dé cho hé théng GMDSS ¢6 thé xée dinh due vj tri cia tau lam nan. SART hoat d6ng trén bing tin 9 MHz, nghia 18 n6 chi hdi @ép tin higu d6i v6i radar bing tn X (X-band, 3om) sit dung cho tau bién va cho may bay, khGng thé nhin thay tin higu cla ‘26 ténradar S-band (10cm). SART dugc thiét ké c6 thé cdm tay a sit dung wén tau hoge fing o6 thé tang bi én phuong tién cp city, 4p 6 dinh trén tu, trén phuong tién ep oita hoc hoat dong khi néi ty do. N6 cing cé thé phéi hgp vi EPIRB néi ty do. ile tinh k¥ huge va hoat dong cita SART Khi hoat 46ng trong tinh hoéng cifu nan, SART nhfn duc tin hiéu 9MHz ciia radar thi SART kich phat tin hiéu tdn s6 quét, cdc tin higu nay hia thi trén man hinh rada thanh ma 12 ddim séng xuft phat ti vi ti ciia SART hung vé tim quét man hinh ohu mé t8 tén Ninh 13.11a, khodng cdch gitta cdc dém sing li 0,6 hii ly. Dé phan biét tin hiéu phin hdi tw SART va cdc tin higu khéc, tt nhat phdi cho rada hoat dng 6 tim xa 6 dén 12 hai ly. Khi Phuong tién cp cttu tip can én céch SART mot bai 19 thi cc dém séng bign thanh c&c cung sng nhu inh 13.11b, khi SART 6 gan thi n6 td thanh cdc vng trdn d6ng tim nhwt hinh 13.11e, diéu 46 cdnh béo ring phudng tién ofp ottu phdi gidm tc d6. Nhtng rada phat SO TAY HANG HAI 522in 36 dui 5 MHz tiép thu tin higu SART rift y€u, clin phii ding bang tan trung binb m6i di bét tin higu SART. Can tham khdo chi din trong s6 tay huéng dn sit dung rada dé chon bang tin diing cho nghiép vy nay. SART cén 6 tin higu cénh béo thi gide va thinh gid khi n6 hoat dong 4é béo cho ngudi ting citu khi né phan hi rada, SART phii c6 pin did dung lugng hoat déng 96 gid trong tinh trang sdn sang va it nhét 8 gid tigp theo cho vigc phat phdn hdi rada. SART c6 my thu d6 nhay cao 4é thm sét nh(ing xung manb ty rada véi tém xa In hon tdim xa ma céc rada c6 thé thu duge phan hdi yéu tit n6, vi véy, tm xa host déng’giéi han phy thude vao dutng truyén s6ng phan hdi. Hinh 13.14 C6 ba yéu t6 anh hudng dén im xa ma man hinh radar c6 thé phat hién duoc tin higu phan béi: @) Ching loai rada dang sif dung, 46 nhay cia anten, 46 cao cila anten, tfnh nang b6 thu la radar . Radar sit dung méy thu bing tdn qua hep (rada hoat dong 6 tdm xa. ngdn) cO thé lim gidm 46 sng ola céc dm sang cho nén khOng théy dude tin higu SART 6 tm. xa nbd. b) Didu kien thoi tiét Mit bign phang ling sé anh hung dén dic tinh hoat dng cia SART vi sOng rada bj phn xa tiv mat bin va tuyén lan nhiéu dung. ‘Song 16n 06 thé lam tang cao tim se tigp thu cla rada va ci cia SART, d6i khi, néu cd hai déu bj séng d8i len cao hon; tuy nbién tin higu cing o6 thé tin higu bi che chin n€u SART roi xu6ng day s6ng. Sit dung hyp 19 ede mit chdng nhiéu bién va nhiéu mya uy theo kink nghiém sit dung rada cla thuyén tridng c6 thé h6 trd cho vie phat hign tin hiéu SART tt han. ©) Lap SART len xudng cdp ettu Theo khuyén céo cla IMO, tiéu chudn kj thudt cho SART yéu cdu tm hoat dong cla 16 it nhat 5 hai ly cho SART Idp 6 6 cao 1 mét trén mat bién trén so 56 gid thiét radar SO TAY HANG HAI 523tau dit 6 d6 cao 15 mét trén mat bign. Hay kiém tra dam bao ring SART di duge dit 6 4 cao 1 mét, ‘Trén od 58 thit nghiém v6i anten cla SART dit 6 46 cao 1 mét trén mgt bién v6i cdc tr thé khéc nhau sé lam thay 46i tam xa hoat dng cla n6, i, SART dit nlm uén sin phao be cif nan: vim xa 1,8 hai ly ii, SART 48 diing én sin phao bé cit nan: vm xa 2,5 hiily iii, SART n6i én mat nube: dm xa 2,0 hai ly Kh6ng nén dt SART va thiét bj g6c phin xa rada trén cing m6t phao be cifu nan vi bS géc phin xa c6 thé gay trd ngai cho hoat déng cila SART. MOt thiét bj SART néu dat hop ly trén tu wong diéu kign thdi tiét wrung binh thi rada cia mot ta Idn c6 thé phét hign 6 tm xa chitng 10 hai ly, SART dat t6i m& hoat dOng bén trong phao bé citu nan hod néi trén m§t nue thi vim xa pht hin o6 khi chi kh hon tim xa cba mot tu cf nbd phét hign bing raga. 135 Lign lac exfu ngn va béo déng sai 135.1 Lién Ige cifu nan khi tau lam nan ‘Sau ki thiét bi GMDSS 4% duge Ifp rép lén thu, cn phai hung din ngudi sit dung céc ky ning van hinh cdn thiét, dic bigt IA céc tht tuc van hanh, Yeu ciu ngudi sit dung phai e6 kign thite ddy di vé he thng GMDSS, trong 46 dc biét chi ¥ vé héu qua cia bdo dong sai. Dé trénh vige phat béo GOng sai, hing ngay thi thiét bi GMDSS phdi dugc gidm sat ruc tip cila ngudi phy tréch thong tin lién lac cla thu. 80,46 hinh 13.12. chi ra o4c thi tye chudn cho vige phét céc ban tin city nan trong trudng hop Hm nan. So 48 nay nén-duge dat 6 vi wi chi huy cia thuyén trudng hose & ngay thiét bi GMDSS. LIEN LAC CUU NAN BANG VO TUYEN psc THOAL = -RELEX RADIO RADIO Kesh 7% ‘Keahi6 DUB7S iii 2182KHz 2174.5 Kitz 4oo7skiiz —412SKHz 417.5 Kila 6312 kHz 621 KHz 6268KHiz B414SKHz -S291KH2 8376.5 Kr 12577 kHz -12290KH2 12520 16RO4SKHz 16420%H2 16695 Kitz 4. BPIRB phii dite thi nBi nr do va kendi ding tw dng néu khong mang, ‘ge vito phusng tiga efp ou. INéo indy edn, cde au o6 thé dong ‘bat ci bien phép no thich hop dé ‘Go ding cho Bu Kbée. 3. Cae dibu ndi 8 tren khGng ed ¥ loai ‘mr bat ctu bién phip sin cb mio kde € béo dong ctu nan, SO TAY HANG HAI 524kts heb UUH ‘YL OYS YA K AVSEIVINI mea |] 9} cio |G] | eat gH OVI NN - Jadu oda ya Bar| fon saga _— mis ¥4 crsnou avon ve| | ogutoaivaavn E> Ty ssa a fanart yaawiza| | fy saan wy on owewanig YL NGO LY GUL OVI NN Nye enone waeayo nue] _[ asa aioe ‘ve YL YA 204 di YN OYOH ‘18s “sHAl 980 4HVHW/SH Avon Luts YA eulsa]) fn saga ts [T] guy nv no “OYL SNOD AVE ‘N3UL SNOMHd OYA 109 9900 LVHd NVN WYT NV IH) ONQNYL NZANHL OHO SSQWD ONOG LVOH OL NHL Nya ONONH 13.5.2 Xitly ciia thuyén trudng khi nghe béo dong citu nan 1. Khi nghe thay b4o dng ettu nan én HF DSC, xem so 48 chiy hinh 13.13 (theo IAMSAR TAMSAR Manual 2003) Manual 2003) 2. Khi nghe thy béo dgng civ nan trén VHF/MF DSC, xem so 48 chay hinh 13.14 (theo SO TAY HANG HAI 525eveL Wu 6 ia pa gomez ‘ja Coo ag“ Ko Ho "4 048 Up em 66 A EO pp gp Ubu no gos wp sep WED os dah Gp E04 999 pee up ua On gu IW 6 AN3AAL QA FOUL 08 NL sowandaes ANOHASTL OOS ~ 416 NWN 00 OH Iga YL ONMAL, {WIN20 NOMIYN/QW-00 279838) - 208 ‘98 WAL (NOLS 1S¥OO)- $9 1 uy 3030 Sinha Rene ‘ONTIUL WD OW 3H NZI srign 34 17 ‘nla ND ‘08 O49 OYA NHL YA 08 WVU O89 2H NUL MOD 6D og aw Iya 98d JH NUN NO SNOG Oye 96NG NYHN.IHN NS AVON NYLOYO ¥NO ONG HNYH SO TAY HANG HAI 526g 3 z 4 i a As af] HH & \e# rizeg|] fee i ? = aft : fa a et g He 2 a 3 abe $ at z a 2 = = z a s 7 att a = 3 235 aa, 2 25: 832 z ar Ht 2 | Bis 582 y 2 | Hs 3 a8y B | ess ae B33 fe 38 git 35.3. Vidu ede ban tin etfu nan, khén cap va an toan tiéu chudn Ban tin cin nan tiéu chun Ngay sau Khi tip nhin duge béo nhan Béo dng Lam nan DSC, tau lam nan sé bét du _phét bin tin _béo nan tren mot trong nhiing tin s6 bo nan quée té nhw kénh 16 VHF hod tdn sO 2182 kHz ( neu khong diéu khién ty dng) abu sau: Vidu mdu: MAYDAY -THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO_ . SO TAY HANG HAI 527MOTOR VESSEL "BIRTE" CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO (repeat 3 times) - POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH - ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST = 2129 UTC TAM ON FIRE AFTER EXPLOSION - [REQUIRE FIRE FIGHTING ASSISTANCE. - SMOKE NOT TOXIC. OVER [MAYDAY DAY LA HAL MOT- MOT- HAL BA - CHIN- SAU -TAM- KHONG ‘TAU “BERTE” , HO HIEU DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO (Lép Jai 3 dn) ‘VI'TRI SAU HALDO MOT MOT PHAY TAM PHUT BAC KHONG KHONG BAY DO BON BON PHUT DONG Gis UTC 2129 TOIBICHAY SAU KHi BING TOL YEU CAU HO TRO CHONG CHAY KHOI KHONG DOC HAI, HET] 2. Tinh chat tai nan ‘Trong cdc ban tin cfu ngn phai n6i r9 mot trong 9 inh chai tai nan sau day: 1) Fire or Explosion ( Chéy hoie n8) 2) Flooding (Nu6c vio tau) 3) Collision (Dim va) 4) Grounding (Mic can) §5) Listing and in a danger of capsizing ( Nghiéng va dang trong tinh trang nguy hiém sip a0 6) Sinking (Bim, chim) 7) Desabled and adrift ( Héng tau va thé ti) 8) Undesignated distress ( Tai nan khSng xéc dinh) 9) Abandoning ship (B6 tu) 3, Ban tin khén offp iu chudn ‘Sau Ki phdt Goi Khtin efip DSC, bat méy phit sang kenh 16 VHF hoge tin s6 2182 kHz (nu hdng didu Kehién tr d6ng) va bat du phat ban tin khin cp nhs saw: Vi dy mdu: PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS: - THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO-THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO SOTAY HANG HAI 528MOTOR VESSEL "BIRTE” CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO ~ POSITION SIX TWO DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH ZERO ZERO SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST - IHAVE PROBLEMS WITH ENGINES - [REQUIRE TUG ASSISTANCE OUT [ PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN i - TAT.CACACTRAM TATCACACTRAM TATCA CAC TRAM - DAY LA HAI- MOT: MOT-HAI- BA - CHIN- SAU -TAM- KHONG + TAU “BERTE” , HO HIBU DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO - - VI TRI SAU HAI DO MOT MOT PHAY TAM PHUT BAC - KHONG KHONG BAY DO BON BON PHUT DONG. - MAY CUA TOLCO TRUC TRAC = ror ‘YEU CAU HO TRO, HET ] 4) Ban tin an toan tiéu chudn 7 Sau khi phat Goi Khin cp DSC, bat may phat sang kénh 16 VHF hofe tn s6 2182 kHz (néu khong digu khién ty dong) va bat dan phat bin tin an ton nhu sau: Vidu mdi, SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS IN AREA PETER REEF 7 -THIS IS TWO-ONE-ONE-TWO- THREE-NINE-SIX-EIGHT-ZERO MOTOR VESSEL "BIRTE" CALL SIGN DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO - DANGEROUS WRECK LOCATED IN POSITION TWO NAUTICAL MILES SOUTH OF PETER REEF. OVER ( SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE TAT CACAC TAU, TATCA CAC TAU, TAT CACACTAU ‘TRONG KHU VUC PETER REEF - DAY LAHAI- MOT- MOT- HAI- BA - CHIN- SAU -TAM- KHONG. ~ TAU “BERTE” , HO HIEU DELTA ALPHA MIKE KILO ~TAU DAM NGUY HIEM 6 VI TRI PHIA NAM PETER REEF HAIHAILY, 7 HET] 13.84 Huj bé béo dong sai 7 Bao d6ng sai la bao dong gay nén bai su su ahdm dn, Khong chi, ngudi sit dung trong Khi ‘igu khign thiét bj GMDSS v6 tinh Zn va0 nit phat béo dong. Mét béo d6ng sai cé thé bi ahd ln véi bo dng tinh hudng kha exp that ma haw qua 1A cfc Ie lugng fim va cutu c6 thé 4a chuyén tiép béo dng va sm sing phin ting nhu' la mét bao dng that. Hau hét céc béo dng sai déu do sai s6t cia con ngudi, khi phat higa sai s6t phi tia hank sita sai bling céch gi thong bao huj b3 béo dOng én he thOng thOng tin lin lac. S6 46 chay hin 13.15 hung din 4p dung trong tring hop biét 1& mot bio béo Ong sai Ga duige phét di : SO TAY HANG HAI 529Sieh wut aaa o-LMYSuvAN! }}—- --—________| sa aH a aver Type or ox Tuaavmiys [ive ahoa ove ngetiyne IKI OM Qt WH zaz gE NLA 18 KL HNO" * "SNOUAS 1 ‘SNOUNLS THY, esa ya hy ONO ¥——____1vs ana oye wat sya -Swouvas TY , a we Yes Biga oR Te ToL ay Ave 43IKL OHO 9 f—|_tyvd ayn aya ee 1 “ytd i oO YS ONO ove NSH AY + IWS NWN NO ONOG OVE 08 ANH ONL DHL BAO BONG SAI PRAT Bat: SO TAY HANG HAI 530(36. Dich vy NAVTEX Dich va NAVTEX efu thinh mét bo phén 16 hop cia hg thdng GMDSS va dich va cdnh béo ‘hing hii toan du (WWNWS ~ World Wide Navigatianal Waming Service), 6 chic ning phat bing tiéng Anh cho nhing ngubi di bién trén toan chu cfc cdnh béo hang hai 44 duge cap nhét cng cfc ban tin khén ofp va citu nan ti bY dé tau. Nghigp vy WWNWS toan clu do INMARSAT cung edfp theo phiin ving NAVAREAS cla, IMO (Hinh 13.16) . Tw léu céc ban tin phét trén cdc ving bién nay due phat tren HF bing tin bigu morse. Tuy nhién theo quy dink méi cia IMO, trén tau khong clin o6 dign béo vien sit dung morse. Vi vay, dich vy nay vin tip tuc duge phét di mt céch tf dng cho c&c tau chay trén ving bién A3 va A4 cla GMDSS va dugc thu bing NAVTEX ding my in trye tip bang théng hep (NBDP) dat trén tu. NAVTEX sit dung vin sé don 518 kHz vi ESK ( Frequency Shift Kying) wén s6ng mang FM. Tin s6 518 kHz cla mdy phét NAVTEX 18 s6ng ung truyén lan theo séng bé mat (séng dat) phat trén todn cu, cho nén tim xa cia né phai duige khéng ch mét céch nghiém ngit. Néu mot méy NAVTEX thu dugc tin hiéu hai may phat gan nhau th) xdy ra higa tong can nhiéu Jam mit d@ ligu, Bé ngin ch§n hién tugng nay xay ra, ngudi ta sit dung ky thuat ‘TDM ( Time Divison Multiplex) cho tn sii séag mang, Méi mét NAVAREA phat theo chu tuinh so le trén 4 nhém méy phét. So 46 ma tran nhufmé ti trén hin 13.17 thé hién chu tinh: phat NAVTEX TDM toin cdu. Mi mot nhém may phat gdm 06 6 may phét, mdi méy phat phat 10 phat va lap lai sau chu trinh 4 gid. Ma tran nay chi gidnh cho phét céc théng tin hing. hii thing xuyén va cdc di ligu déng chit f. Con c&c bin tin cif nan va cdnh béo quan ‘rong thi phat ngay khi thu aban duse. 46.2 May tha NAVTEX Mot may thu due thigt ké sao cho n6 c6 kha nang chon ban tin dé in ra, nut vay tt cd che bn tin sé duge thu kh6ng loa tif ban tin cot nan. Céc ban tin duge in ra_quy€t dinh 6 ma ky thuat (Bs, By, By, By), cdc ma ky thugt nay c6 tren tiéu dé cia ban tin hoc do newt sit ‘éyng méy lua chon. ‘Ma B, ding cho ngudi str dung chon khu vyc NAVAREAS Céc 48 myc Ia chon & Ma By 4é chi cdc bin tin khéc nhau va cho phép ngudi stt dung o6 thé ti ch6i cdc dif ligu ma ngudi sit dang khong can dé tiét kiém gidy in. C6 céc chit ci biu thi 4€ myc Iya chon bao gém: ‘A-- Navigational wamning* (Canh béo hang héi) B - Meteorological warning (Cénh bdo khi twing) C Ice report (Théng bao vé bang) D - Search and Rescue Information (Théng tin vé tim kiém va cp ctu) E - Meteorological forcasts ( Dy bao khi tung) F - Pilot service messages (Ban tin cho dich vy hoa tiéu) SO TAY HANG HAI 531ret wun soe wet sR 2, 2 = van mp. aoou9 PA et 8 UG e08t Roe 7 29 aie} T 208 ‘OWI OJHL SMNMM CHO SVZEVAWN O/A NH NYHd 9G DS SO TAY HANG HAI 532 I -OMEGA messages ( Ban tin cho Omega) J. ~ SATNAV messages ( Ban tin cho Satnav) G - DECCA message ( Ban tin cho Decca) - H_ - LORAN-C messages (Ban tin cho Loran-C)E f Other electronic navaid messages (Ban tin cho céng cy trg hing khéic) Navigation warnings addtional to Letter A* (Cac cdnh béo hang bai b6 sung cho A*) (+ daw hig biéu thi cdc ban tin ma rhéy thu bat bude phai nhdn kh6ng thé tt ch6i) Céc ma By, By bigu thi s6 higu céc bin tin phat tit 00 dén 99. S600 bigu thj mot ban tin sé uige tat cd c&c may thu in ra trong pham vi céc tram phat, S6 nay dude gidnh cho béo dng cffu nan. ‘CHU TRINH PHAT SONG CUA CAC DAI PHAT TRONG MOT KHU VUC NAVAREA ‘CAE GAT CAT WN DAN MY PTC) GAOT TH i TE) fib ese men Wont wm uo nw miaecotr@nisxt[unoranleruvws| Hinh 13.17 SO TAY HANG HAI 53314 Hifi THONG NHAN DANG TU BONG AIS 44.1 Mye dich vige lip dat thiét bi nhan dang tf dong AIS (Automatic Identification Systems) “Theo Quy dinh 19 dcan 2.4 Chung V eda SOLAS 1974 (IMO), di sa 86i, yeu cB tht c& ‘che vin 300 tin dung tich ud 1én chay tuyén gust té, tft cd fu hang 500 dn dung tich wé len Chay tuy€n que té va tit cd cic 1au Khach khéng ké Kich thude phai Ip dat hé théng aban dang ty dgng (AIS). IMO cfing ds dua ra khuyén cfo vé mot 10 winh dp dat AIS uén cde tu chi dinh ty nay d€o 2008. Dén nay 43 06 nhidu tau lép dat tit bi AIS. ‘Mac dich ciia viée dp dat AIS trén tau la 4€ trao déi thong tin gitta thu vdi tu va gifa faa -v6i b8 nim néng cao an ninh, an toan hing hii va béo ve moi ung biga. AIS o6 thé bS tig vige nhin dang tv, WB tg tay theo myc teu, dn gidn hos vige wae 481 thong tin (tte Ja tam gikm nhiog bio céo wr tau bing Khu ngO) va cung ofp thém théng tin 46 hb rg vige nb§n biét tinh hudng chung quanh. [N6i chong, cfc di eu thu thap qua thigt bi AIS gidp o4i én chat lung thong tin cho si quan tryc ca trén budng Idi va cho céc tam kim sodt trén bd. Khéng nhiing chét lvong thong tin dugc cdi sia ma s6 Iuong théng tin cling ting Lén rt phone phn Si quan tnfc ca phi Tam vige nbiéu voi AIS nghia 1a phii cong dp théng tin cho céc tau hdc dng thai cing tha nba Tién tye théng tin tr tau khée. pé c6 thé cing cffp thong tin hit fch cho c&e 6i wong khdc nhaw, Si quan tnge ca phi thyc ign mot s6 céng viéc nbit dinh theo yéu cdu, Hudng dan cia IMO da ligt ké mot 86 céng ‘vige (néu 6 phan tiép theo duéi day) ma st quan true ca phai cam két thy hign vi loi ich olla Mie thu of trang bj AIS. Cée dt ligu cia AIS cung edp t6 thinh ming thong tin bd trg rit Fata ich cho efe théng tint c&c he thong hang hai Khéc (bao gm rads), v1 v8y né 1a cong ou. sip ga ting nhin bigt tinh Binh gia thong chung guanh tu minh, 142 Hoat dong cia thigt bj AIS. “492.4 Chive nang ciia thiét bi ‘Mai mot tit bi AIS trén tan c6 cdc chit nfng (Hin 14.01) 1. Phat ign tac fe dt 1iGu ofa tau minh cho cfc tu Khée va cho ede tram VTS tn bos 2. Tip ahha ign tue cdc dt igu ba efe thu kde va ce tram VTS tn bd pst ras 3, Hign thi cdc do ligu dy trén man hinh dé beg eta may. ‘Trude Gay khi chy c6 AIS wén thu, cdc df Tigu néi trén chi c6 thé duye cung cp théng qua cee trang tam dich ve Iu thong tau chuyn (VTS), cde bay gid th ching ‘duge cung cap trve ti€p cho mBi tau vao bat ctf Hic nao tit cée tau thong qua thiét bj AIS 1p dat én méi au. SOTAYHANGHAI 534