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1.) Silicon: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 2 . The quantum numbers for the s-orbital are 3, 0,0,   and
2
1 −1 1
3, 0,0,   . For the p-orbital, it is 3,1,−1,  and 3,1, 0,  . The Pauli exclusion
2 2 2
principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers, so
the all of the quantum number sets in each orbital must be different.

2.) Selenium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 10 4s2 4p 4 . Hund's rule says that electrons in degenerate (same
energy) orbitals cannot be paired until each orbital has one electron with the same spin. So if
you have 3p5, it would be      because all of the positive spins are put in, and then the
negative spins are added. 3 positive spins plus 2 negative spins gives you 5 spins. The orbital
diagram is
1s2  , 2s 2   ,2p 6       ,3s 2   , 3p6       , 3d10           , 4s 2   , 4p4    

3.) Sulfur: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 4

Oxygen: 1s2 2s2 2p4

Selenium: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 6 3d 10 4s2 4p4