LESSON1 - THE REGISTERS AND SEGMENTS

ok, assembly is not a language like pascal or c because

unlike them there is no predefined command link let say
"writeln", "printf", assembly doesn't provide those tools for you
so how those assembly works, well first they have predefine registers :
AX - accumulator index -\
BX - Base index | all of these are the data holders
CX - Count index |
DX - Data index -/
SP - Stack pointer -\
BP - Base pointer |
SI - Source index | all of these are the pointing and index storage
DI - Destination indec | registers
IP - Instruction pointer -/
CS - Code segment -\
DS - Data segment | all of these are segments holder
SS - Stack segment |
ES - Extra segment -/
FLAGS - Holds some of the function conditions
ok now to be more specific :
Data registers :
they are the basic registers for all the computer calcs, and position
each of the registers is 16bit and they are divided into two registers
high and low which are 8 bit :
AX - ah (high), al (lo)
BX - bh (high), bl (lo)
CX - ch (high), cl (lo)
DX - dh (high), dl (lo)
high is MSB - most significent byte
lo is LSB - least significent byte
Pointing registers :
each of these registers has an unique job :
SP - is the offset of the stack (-n-)
BP - a pointer for the stack (-n-)
SI - is the source index, uses as an offset in memory transfers
DI - is the destination index, uses as an offset in memory transfers
IP - is the offset of the current instruction (-n-)
(-n-) means don't change unless you know what your'e doing
Segment registers :
CS - is the segment of the code (-n-)
DS - is the segment (usually) of the data
SS - is the segment for the stack (-n-)
ES - is an extra segment, uses for memory transfers
Flags, will be disscussed later
now assembly works with segments and each segment max limit is 64K,
so when we have a segment we will have to give it a definition,
so we will need the command "Assume" which gives each one of the segments
registers it's default segment, so lets see a typical assembly structure
Sseg segment ; a semicolon (;) is a remark and will not be compiled
db 10 dup (?)
ends ; each segment has a name and the "segment" after it
; when we finished to define stuff in the segment
; we close it with ends (end segment)
Dseg segment
ends
Cseg segment
assume cs:cseg,ds:dseg,ss:sseg
ends
end
know as we saw segment is built as follow :
Name Segment
.
.
.
Ends
know in the dseg all the data will be stored, in the sseg the stack
and in the cseg the code.