BUS BAR PROTECTION

NEED FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION:

 IN ITS ABSENCE, FAULT CLEARANCE TAKES PLACE IN
ZONE-II OF DISTANCE RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING,
WITH WIDE SPREAD SHUT DOWN.
 DELAYED FAULT CLEARANCE AND THEREFORE GREATER
DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT & INDIRECT SHOCK TO
GENERATOR SHAFTS AND TRANSFORMER WINDINGS.
REQUIREMENTS OF B/F SCHEME:
 STABILITY FOR THROUGH FAULTS.
 INSTANATANEOUS OPERATION FOR INTERNAL FAULTS.
 BASIC SETTINGS:- VR  If(RCT+2RL) & VK  2VR
 LOCATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

a) ON BOTH SIDES OF BREAKER: NO UNPROTECTED ZONES.

b) ON ONE SIDE OF THE BREAKER: PRESENCE OF DEAD
ZONE.
 BUS BAR PROTECTION
TYPES OF BUS FAULT SCHEMES IN TPC:
 HIGH IMPEDANCE B/F RELAYS

a) PVD, b) CAG34, c) FAC, d) RADHA

LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDANCE
B/F RELAY
 PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTS.
 NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES.
 IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDANCES.
 AUX CTS FOR RATIO CORRECTION UNACCEPTABLE.
 INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT
CURRENT.
 SLOW RESPONSE.
 BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING O/P RELAY TIME
IS 15-20 m sec.
 Bus Fault Protection : RADHA Relay

Line # 2 Line #1
Bus Bar Protection Zone
BUS
x Breakers x AL : Alarm relay (CT open Ckt Detection )

N L : Non linear Resistance

Rst
RXTLA +RXTCA +RXID : RADHA
R STB : Stabilizing Resistor

IL 2 RXTLA
IL 1
R
Line 1 Bkr trip

BF junction
L /O Line 2 Bkr trip
Box
RXID
Bkr Trip

C Bkr Trip
NL AL RXTCA
Rst R.
STB

AL
Diff. CT Ckt is Shorted
 BUS BAR PROTECTION
 MEDIUM IMPEDANCE B/F RELAYS
a) RADSS
b) SIEMENS NUMERICAL RELAY.
ADVANTAGES OF % BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY:
 FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT
CHARACTERISTIC OR RATIOS.
 OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN
THE SAME CIRCUIT.
 STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
 MAX. PERMISSIBLE CT LOOP RESISTANCE IS MUCH
HIGHER THAN CONVENTIONAL PROTECTIONS.
 INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
 CHECK FEATURE IN THE FORM OF O/C START.
 ALARM FOR CT SECONDARY OPEN CIRCUIT.
 DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1-2 m sec AND INITIATES
TRIPPING WITH IN 5-7 m sec.
 Bus Fault Protection : RADSS Relay

Line # 2 Line #1 Bus Bar Protection Zone

BUS
x Breakers x
AL : Alarm relay (CT open Ckt Detection )

SR : Start Relay

AL
dR : Diff. relay
SR
RS : Restraining resistor
Rd11 : Diff. resistor
Rd3
IL 2 Tmd
IL 1 Ud3

Trip Logic
dR Line 2 Bkr
Rd11
TC 1
LO
RS/2 Line 2 TC 2
Us
RXMVB 2
RS/2
SR Line 1 Bkr
Trip O/P
& LO TC 1
dR ( 10 -13 ms)
Line 1
TC 2

AL
Diff. Ckt is bypassed
 BUS BAR PROTECTION
BREAKER FAIL PROTECTION:
 IN MODERN NETWORKS CRITICAL FAULT CLEARANCE
TIME IS APPROXIMATELY 200 m sec. HENCE, NEED FOR
FAST ACTING B/U WHEN PRI PROTECTION OR BKR
FAILS.
 REMOTE BACK-UP: REMOTE END ZONE-II OF
DISTANCE REL.
 LOCAL BACK-UP: BKR BACK UP.

BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION:

 OPERATING LINKAGES BROKEN OR ADJUSTMENTS
OUT.
 CB MECH. OPEN BUT CB FAILED TO INTERRUPT
CURRENT.
 CB OPEN BUT FAULT CURRENT CONTINUES.
 BUS BAR PROTECTION
DESIGN FEATURES
SETTING CURRENT - 50 mA for GEN, 200mA FOR TRF. &
LINES.
MODIFIED SCHEME TO INITIATE LBBU BY BUCHOLZ &
TURBINE PROTECTION.
 TIMER CONTACT AND O/C RELAY CONTACT IN SERIES.
 USE OF B/F CT CORE & INDEPENDENT DC SUPPLY.