A 2 DICTIONARY ecb eee OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.go /-Ox 7 2 FOR “DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: IN WHICH THE WORDS ARE DEDUCED FROM THEIR ORIGINALS, EXPLAINED IN THEIR DIFFERENT MEANINGS, AND AUTHORIZED BY.THE NAMES OF THE WRITERS IN WHOSE. WORKS THEY ARE FOUND, ~ : BY SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D. ABRIDGED FROM THE REV. H. J. TODD'S CORRECTED AND ENLARGED QUARTO EDITION, ~ By ALEXANDER CHALMERS, F.S.A. Pairs LONDON. PRINTED FOR C. AND J. RIVINGTON} 9.CUTHELL 5 J. NUNN; LONGMAN, REES, ORME, AND C0 5 T, CADELL3 J. AND W. T-CLARKES HARVEY AND DARTON 3 3. AND A. ARCH 5. DAGSTE! UOOSEY AND SONS 3. BOOKER; KINGSHURY, PARSURY, AND ALLEN, IANDSON } J. M, RICHARDSON 5 J. MAWNAN 3 BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; EWMAN AND CO.; SHERWOOD AND CO.3 T. TEGG$ HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND 60.3 G. B. WHITTAKER R. HUNTER; J. COLLINGWOOD 3 RODWELL AND BMARPIN HARDING \ND LEPARD;’ SAUNDERS AND HODGSON} SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL} Ww PICKERING; J. AND W. ROONE} WILSON AND SONS, YORK 3, AND STISUING’ AND KENNEY, EDINBURGH. 1826.*,* This volume contains every word in Mr. Todd’s edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary; and above FOURTEEN THOUSAND more than were given in Dr. Johnson's Abridgement. The whole forms the most extensive vocabulary ever published, and, in consequence of the additions introduced by Mr. Todd, it becomes-a complete glossary of the early English writers. * J. 18'Couan and Son, Great Wiadmilt Sereet.Dr. JOHNSON’s PREFACE To HIS ABRIDGEMENT, FIRST PUBLISHED IN TWO VOLS. OCTAVO, we, « PJAVING been long employed in the study and cultivation of the English language, I lately published a dictionary like those compiled by the academies of Italy and France, for the use of such as aspire to exactness of criticism, or elegance of style. « But it has been since considéred that works of ee ae no means necessary to the greater of readers, who, seldom intending to write or presuming to judge, turn over books only to amuse their leisure, and to gain degrees of knowledge suit- able to lower characters, or necessary to the common business of life: these know not any other use of a dictionary than that of adjusting orthography, and explaining terms of science or words of infrequent oc- __ currence, or remote derivation, Npeerere «For these purposes many dictionaries have been written by different authors, and with different degrees of skill; but none of them have yet fallen into my hands by which even the lowest expectations could be satisfied. Some of their authors wanted industry, and others literature: some knew not their own defects, and others were too idle to supply them. « For this reason a small dictionary appeared yet to be wanting to common readers ; and as I may withoutVi PREFACE. arrogance claim to myself a longer acquaintance with the lexicography of our language than any other writer has had, I shall hope to be considered as having more experience at least than most of my predecessors, and as more likely to accommodate the nation with a voca- bulary of daily use. I therefore offer to the public an abstract or epitome of my former work. “Tn comparing this with other dictionaries of the same kind it will be found to have several advantages. “TL It contains many words not.to be found in any other. «TI. Many barbarous terms and phrasés by which other dictionaries may vitiate the style are rejected from this. « III. The words .are more correctly spelled, partly by attention to their etymology, and partly by obser- vation of the practice of the best authors, “IV. The etymologies and derivations, whether from foreign languages or from native roots, are more... diligently traced, and more distinctly noted. _ . “¥. The senses of each word are more copiously " enumerated, and more clearly explained. “VI. Many words occurring in the elder authors, such as Spenser, Shakspeare, and Milton, which had been hitherto omitted, are here carefully inserted; so that. this book may serve as a glossary or expository index to the poetical writers. ; “VIL To the words, and to the different senses of each word, are subjoined from the large dictionary the names of those writers by whom they have. been used ; so that the reader who knows the different périods of the language, and the time of its authors, may judgé of the elegance or’ prevalence of any word, or meaning of a word; and without recurring to other books, may know what are antiquated, what are unusual, and what are recommended by the best authority. 7PREFACE. vii “ The words of this dictionary, as opposed to others, are more diligently collected, more accurately spelled, more faithfully explained, and more authentically ascer- tained. Of an abstract it isnot necessary to say more; and T hope it will not be found that truth requires me to say less.” ; 8. J. To this Preface, which exhibits the design and utility of the ABRIDGEMENT, it is necessary to add, that the labours, the research, and the extensive reading of Mr. Todd, have enriched the original work with SEVERAL THOUSAND WorDS, forming in the whole the greatest collection that has ever appeared in any English Dictionary. ae The former editions of Dr. Johnson’s Abridgement have been deficient in one respect, which was but recently discovered by a careful comparison with the original. According to the rule which the learned author appears to have prescribed to himself, but of which he has taken no notice in his Preface, this volume ~ was “an abstract or epitome” in more respects than one. ~Not content with omitting the authoritics as given at full Jength, and the etymological remarks, (a rule that has been adhered to in the présent Abridgement,) Dr. Johnson left out a great number of worps, which he probably deemed of inferior importance; but which, in the revolution of language, have now acquired an equal interest, with those admitted. In the work, how- ever, now before the reader, evERY worp in Mr. Todd's valuable edition has been given. A.C.THE SAXON AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES, SNITCH Wnt Ee oatnne hr SEM DN sQonuehMenuktn FeomSearbr> savas AROARHUMHMHAAZONMOMNHEP DE KEN KRY ROKRN eH ESEZONOCRMHMHEDSKHN Th D, %, p, That $, And 3.A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. A Ayy Hpayin the English language, regularly 3 only two sounds peculiar to itself; a short nd a long one all other sounds being irregu- Jars and those of a are various, according to its combination with other letters. ‘The broad. ‘sound resembling that of the German ais found in many of our monosyllables, as ail, wall, malt, salt; in which ais pronounced ad ax in cause, or aw in lav. Aopen, not alike the a ‘of the Italians, is found, Dr. Johnson says, in Father, rather,’ and more obscurely in fancy, ‘Yast, &c, ‘This pronunciation is indeed foun in rath, but not in its derivative rather, the a of which is usually uttered as in fancy, A slender, or close, is the peculiar @ of the Eng- h language, resembling the sound of. the French ¢ masculine, or diphthong ai in pais, or perhaps amiddle sound between them, or be- Eween the aand e; to this the Arabick @ is, said nearly to approach ; asin the words place, Face, waste, and all those that terminate in ‘ation; a8, relation, nation, generation. A. is also, in some words, transient and unobserved, as in the last syllables of carriage and mar” riage; in others less faintly sounded, as in those of captain and chaplain; and i ebscurely uttered, as in ‘collar, jocular. Ae an article set before nouns of’ the singular number; aman, atree. Before words begin- ning with a vowel and A mute, it is written ans as, an OX, an egg, an honour, an habi- tual practice.” A is sometimes a noun; As, agreat 4. Ais placed before participle, oF participial noun; and is considered asa con- traction of at; as, I am a walking. It also seems to be anciently contracted from at, When placed before local surnames ; as ‘Tho masa Becket, In other cases, it seeins to nity fo ; and in some cases it signifies in. “A, prefixed to many or. few, implies one whole number; as, Told of 2 many thousand warlike French.’ Skaks, A has a peculiar significa~ tion, denoting the proportion of one thing to another; as, ‘The landlord hath a hundred a year. 'In’burlesque poetry, it lengthens ont a syllable, without adding’ to the sense 5 as, line-a rhyming to China. Dryden. ‘Ais sometimes cormptly put for hes as, Swill a come, for will ke come? It is also x arbarous eérrugtion for ave. A, in compo; sition, seems to have sometimes the power of ‘the French a in these phrases, @ droit, aganehe, &e. and sometimes to be contracted from at, Dr, Johnson says3 as, aside, aslope, afvot, asleep, athirst, aware, "Yet soiue of these are not $0 contracted. ‘They are the same as on side, on footy on sleep. “So, adays vias form erly’ written’ on days; aboord, on board. ‘There are words of which the a fs become so component a part as not to be displaced 5 es, din some A ABA afresh, alive, aloud, anew ; but it is redund- Ant in arise, arouse, awake. A, in abbrevi- ations, stands for artivm, or arts3 28, A. batchelor of arts, artium baccalaureus ; master of arts, artiem magister : oF q7ino; A.D. anno domini. A, with the addition the tiwo Latin words per se, meaning by itsel/, is used by our elder writers to denote Anone- such, It may have been adopted from the cus- tom of the child’s school, in which every letter, we may presume, was taught to be ex- Riese Bee at O/NICAL. a. That which relates to the riesthood of Aaron. at the beginning of the names of places, generally shews that they have some relation ‘to an abbey; as, ddingdon, Gibson. AIBACIST. ‘n. s. (Lat. abacista.] He who casts accounts; 4 calculator. ABAICK, wd. Backwards. Spenser. A sea ‘term, Backward with the sails Aatted against the mast. Dict. ABAICK. 2. 5. (Lat, abacus, ‘square stone, on the cay a pillar, o: simply a square surface. Coronation Pageant, JBACOT. 1.5. The cap of state, used in old ‘times by our English kings, wrought upin the figure of two crowns, ABAICTOR. ns, [Latin.] One who drivesawar or steals cattle in herds, or great numbers at once, in distinction from those that steal only. asheep or two. 7 AIBACUS. 1.5. (Lat.] A counting-table, an- ciently used in calculations. ‘The uppermost member ofacolumn. Dict. ABAIFT. ad. (Sax. abaytan, behind.] From the fore-part of the ship, towards the stern. Dict. ABADSANCE, 2. s. [Fr. abaisser.] An’ act of reverence, a bow. : To ABAILIENSTE. v. a. [abalieno, Lat? In civil law, to make that’ another's which was our own before. To estrange; to withdraw the affection,” bp. Sands. : ABALIENAITION. 2.5. ‘The act_of giving up ‘one’s right to another person. | 2ict. To ABAIND, ». a. ‘To forsake. ‘Spenser. Zo ABANDON. v. a. [Fr. abandonner,) To give up, resign, or.quit. Gower. To desert; to forsake ; in an ill sense. Sidzey. ‘To for- sake; toleave. Spensor. To drive away ; to banish. Shakspeare, wae, To ABAINDON OVER, ‘a 7 A form of writing not usual ; to give upto, toresin. Drvd, ABAINDON. ast A forsiker; he who bas ‘abandoned or left'a thing. Sir E. Sandys, A relingushment. Kamer. ABAINDONED. participial a. Corrupted 19 ‘the highest degree ; as, cx abandoned wretch, Nesom ; ABANDONER, ns. A forsalier, Besure, § Ft M. as, ol A plinth, or fst al 0