) Cabo Dry: Lactave L A Defercbioas 2, Ecenglos Araopey . z consist LA celleckin FEE 9c 2.A collectiin & ARRONS /MORPHISMS mor Ze 3. foreach femerZe a defrar DOMAIN dom& & codONAW cad & untle APB oo ADB 4 For each A&bT an ao lOENITY mamahism Ty'AA SFr eos Ay xt dom £2 cadg a cortPosiré 7-g-dom g— code Hel Satisfyory ©. Compositiin is assoccative ube hefred The idenkity menphisms ave identehes under compasiteon (2 Bamples 8) The. catepory St has das chjeds oll sete andas moptrsras all typles (AFB) for AEB AAG a forckin ») The catagory Gye wsith groups as cbpeds and hememepshuste 05. + ©) The cabaginy Tp of topological space urth As maps. Surslay Wal Goch panslid wis, Leathe maps NOY A in, AYO) Ay) adda, 4) A) The cadegery lity with fepelogical spaces as Chfoxts and hemetopy cass Go maps as manphisms. Conpositim is uel defied sire Page ie og te gh dap,ech. fon te acre CAMEGORY GE there legis ee ec ae ce ae: anes an inverse (beth (ofl andra) ee ee | | Fira topological space Khe AINDEMEN AL GROUPOID hes cjecke | all pewter PX and mapahisms xy oll honatppy lasses ref]? RO ptm accion und Guese we _|fF! (sa speuak fF RA tn uthech” Zor (A,B, 1B) WacA (ab), GbR 2b=b’ Cobegery Themy ' Locke 2 Examples (cond..) h) A cakegery whese merphiams ove all iderctitios OISCRETE I} for cath ABE DZ we have ct mest ant AB thr te menphisins deere & binary reladsin on cht. heh is rezone ark tanscbve — called a PREORDER, VF also AB, BSA >AZB Hunk 6 a PARTIAL ORDER For ary cokagory Ce dufine $= 4 if damf- demy, col mcod g Than Te/= ig 0 pre-order on hh. & Z ) The Bek udh 2 as and monbisms, being typles A,R,B) fer R St ext. 1) Gretna cb A cance (ob 7A be the group yA (2% fer AB a purchin F Th: Th— 76 at) fer aA; elomanka f TA accordingly This dofinas he FREE FUNCTOR St — Gp ©) The power sch Fanctor Sat —>Sot Am PA (elects IF: A PB [ Sr £(s) There is also a contrarian Janey P* Sof > SEP A> PA Steen teal PB— PA Tr fac | fee TEL“) Oofrcom A funckor is Semokimes called & COVARIANT FUNCTOR A_CONTRAVARIENT FUNC7TOR ib amap TED & bhurbD mer Z—mrh st dom (7) = goth Teal) cd (F) =don() TL) = Lg Tag) = (Ty) (TA) Nee: a conrananart foridor is nt o Fancher4423 3 Bamps 4) Let M,N menads. Thona furdtdr MN is ammead hemo- mmemphise. For ©, Q partially ordered sets thon a arbor PP Ris an orle— preseniing map. OS gare Falte Gr wipe tifa Gon sore sd Sand te elemanke ) (cepa S Ik ts appanmuttaciin represortacion FGonS. ataGus | —yks Now giGt —> Gt Grou? Yea eye apr) is a (coraniank) pancho a Ni ZU? pevcerses the diechen F omecpicers crt Ofurdion a a Lc G,D catagones ord F,G-G 7D tu firdor a Then a NATURAL TRANSFORMATION a:F—>@ es: a #— amap bha—myrD a A= &_ st o%: FA- ~ 3k Wher every fA? Bin Ze Commutes — am “ NATURALITY )GES 2 n| 6 Eamples 9) er Ka fild, Va veckor space over kK, VL (WK) than VV" 6 a cordruiank fanctr *: Made —> Mad sina for f NOW Han f*: WA—y* Composite #3 (ody —> Madly ts «comma parton Voy derrnappig We oso hawe cderttiby 1: Made > Med jc Tare is 0 neksaral transformation 9 [>t Goren by 6: av ag ee — {von x (gr glo) LA VW in Mody Ther VV > BW & | [em vey Commute 77 S20 inter analy lector Tpoge2 b) Funes P:Sak St onl 1S St ioe. le haue a nakeral transfommatin 5: Ley —> P gen bby 6+ cbt — mer St, Aro ff en are f ee He AASB has eA: oo lx) = ad) = HOI ay Freq Ft PA— Fb bq%f (2) = 6 (4) = YoIF & Commute 2. nehaGus 3 - — 3 A rlusocn : nen Te He Horewice Horrongertise ren sé anak a __bransfomabion frm Ha OTe. Mn oe oe 4) Jak Ce H groupe Ly G4 homemoypahident pick an clemork ye Ca. yerrerH) : defeat G — mrH a - ne a | Mig we Fo XG @ x€ merG yl ly +—— + ___| _+ =F - hia is ee pady= yf 2 9G) = a yfeody! Than £ 8g are called LONSUGATE HOPOMORPHISNS 17 Defnrikeen ) kek TED a fardor (Tis Martner, ¢ Poy 8 Y= the fay a. WA,Béb& ; lm (A8)—> mee (TB) a io u - ATi FuLl Hf gre A, BebE (Thies Sgt APB in mee tk £2 — 7 &. WAC € bz ; Tena (Pe TTB hk Goes 7d apunilirs Than a NATURAL \soc.oRPuISr fete Abin 5 a nekurel Yonsfennshiom cht —mmarD st every clement ) Fob is mapped bo an uwerbble prnduin . B. Se hee an nese naka transZerndtion TS.CLS BE Le %,D catsgoras. An EQUIVALENCE beturn, Zand B és frrdas Si\G—-D, TD-Z , rth nakwal icomcphisns aly > TS Ail, — ST Than Z,B are 9p EQUNALENT calegores GSD Bamples 8) Take codegoras Sat, Kat fordir Sf —> Sty A+ (AutAt A) (EAB) f SY: avtas—butes | x ) here claperiad AE Bowe porter TT: Shy —r Pac (Aa) > A\fat F Aa)? Cb) -l TH: A\fal 6 \fbF xo (f) Aadtb undefined Stheurie the TS fat Bt is He ‘darcy ST: Schr > Set y (A,a) —» (Avf{a}\ fat, A) fee) STK: AUSAT Lak > Boies \{63 Ee {5 f@d=b xx=A A>) harwrise we hare nekwral som 8: Lgy,—> ST O: cto Stly —> mer Soke Ga) (Aja) — (Avfnt fat, A) az —f A X=a 2 xtaGuLs 4 > uth Ae) 45a) af | A a (AUUAR fal, a) = (igusst\to5. 8) - a x ta, f= G | x#e, f(x)¥b' (STG la) = GH) a) = £l) udulst Og of (a) = Og (b) = B xe LA ah ata: Og°£@) “44 Yo)=fs Gb - il G) chou so diagram commits, Bis a nebwal a Firemen Biggs (Aa) — (AHI, A) ea X#a_ ras erwerse O(a: (AUIAF ah A) Aad yg 7 {eo A44 | Cakegeny Thoory Lectare $ Frarples b) aa Ph tMoky fovike dimensional veel spaces wer K usdh as HbA, mens Le. rear en ar VRoy* GNW) (WV)? fonder ond T:E7°—Z Vee (PNW GOWN? fertty then TS:'G—- Be Voy . GN-W PE Vw") From Sample (0) ue have a nekural Garsfermeatien TS. This tokes eco & te ae femee ae Fr fide dim vecler spaces wefan oe nek ble , b a Wg we lane 0 nakaral someyahicsn. ~ Likeurise ST is isomenohic to Lz» ©) There is also an equirralence Alibi, bo Mad, furhor S Mat, > fdtod f . . h -— R* (A man) = R°>R ax Ax wrt standard bases To dofore T- falta. Wat ye we use He Aricon f roves te cheese @ basis foreach finde dim verter spac. a T fitted. —> Wace Ve din - NW) > Blige mato $ f ust dresen bases2G) Let alae) ale ty oT ceheal ons — sTe 80 B & tsomophic & STB) — OO Fath eh FY APB AR SKF a awe 04,5 wovertble amos ny Te ee AB ASB a - = om) 7 bm am) 7 foe - Oo TSA S278 TSA cpnmacte Oo ep TY!| A ST 2f )= STE *STY' composing deagasnt a = SHY) => Tf = He G0 Sfibbrfal hb STD) = Bi Ba = Nism 225 (Im) 2» Th) = Lp Ze_we have SAS» srsA - Ss fall so take oy st Soy = (Bsa, lheaure For Ot fog Hen oy is an sem, as S faced And SA eS by abeee ASB as 5 fad So J i zal > fy | Sti STB cA. alien O - SA € a Tt wy BB so xa -GCL4 Be Cs and for 6255 en 6 > BD dik og Fes’ comrades bay dafenilien f T So we hane all we doare @ep 1 Defercheon A cokagory is SKELETAL of every Csornenabuinn asthe same clemain as codemain, 50 thwe arene ciskoret Csomenohee Chpecke. ) The SKELETON F a dacabeyoy 5 4 full skelotel subcategory , So enteining ona h}eck frm each sorenphism class J chjeds f Te. Kamark Bach of the falling 6 equivalark fo the axtmn of chee 1) Brey small codegery has a. skelter i) Ary small codegery is equinalart lo cach of ite shealetons (Yap !-10) Wi) Ary teno skolotons of a small cakegony are Somenahic. U3 rckess ) A mrepphism AB ir Te is a MonoroRenisr (MeWo) gf: Vyg CA st fg-ghq ur g-9 (left cancelleble) Alb is an EPiMopeHnse (EPI) f & is amonomenahism on E & Mb, BOD k hf=hL” then fi b-h’ (nigh cancellable ) A category +5 GALANCED S exery marie epic MEitrnonrhism VG Beomples 2) Inst Sk meno © FAB for x2'cA Uk C=f0l gy: Ox go Ore! Hen f= fl) => pogefrg! 29-4 2 Fax!4CL+ 45 - 5 *F Cleae Alison St epi - = tole nett, B—fol} yoo gfe jie I YF dns Bon hLeWf ogibeh! > onfB a = cher 6 : ; -bis Dn Gp, Bag, Mel g eck. a Similor yp arpuumtad far mane wf 2 suurjecuie ees hath. in Gp (dofcuth group be peroce.) and in Abe , Male (unpaved). Busk SPIT Kang eg AE O aig ope pk suede tet th ZZ-Q=BR been / then bh (3%) = hoy = May =F iy = (2) Fis mmic b epre buk mck isormephie Se Bag is nck bolarced In “Top manic ijedvie , epaie rsuxfocbuee Conprned ) bk Typ is nt balanced it soap gid (R, Ciscoe) —7 (IR Tenia) Definchion a a _ Given porollel pur AB az, an EQUALISER fr Sg) ia ES st feage kk WEA st fegh thm dcte £h- ek fo Sas Com Nee: ek =eR CA J! map C-SE st eh-eR=el > k=k =1 _Soewa Pre Haak 5 the equoliisen of soma (Ag) % 4 REGUAR MONOMORPHSN. HAT The dual concaph is & COEQVALISER | REGULAR EPINORPHISM»| 4CLG 2 [emana Crepe ee Yeic & regula mente > ¢ isemephic Fea Lek e equalize J, 4 EA =e Yon forge > f=9 as © epic KR th S50 f Ing dy > Je Jaton hemi © a th Ave ehe I, tan ehe=e => he=le as e@ mm 2. € tgemeopplvie ASB is seit rome $¢ ABA xt 9/= 1p and than this 9 ix SPLIT EPIC ¥ Clan Pao nape tare Veo hifi fa dy) 7 AGB (ek C6 st b= Iyth= Sgh ww tan h fetes as ca Unique os suppese CA also than Pk=h= yh Pk-gh oete) Zo fet a a AZ GA-) a ASD MH ZY,-) = 0 fanator called the “YonGonemseomnG —— 22. Wegea Yonepn Lemna Oo a Ld Z locally small, S: LOS a fantle, 2 Act : en Have 12 a byedion O59 Nat ZA=),S)-2> SA 2. Far fred Stale farther NT —> St ea Ar Nd BAW) wag _ : oe : (ar xnWo2Yy—-)) then Gis a nachival isemerphiam N.S - SB tah font tT sot] — Sch Suk C4,-),5) — oh Ls pra) pele = 6 BE wbacin tani os amt st] at SSA | Geen xt Nuk (GA, s) - we have ay ZA Al— SA so WA Oey (0) = ey Cid) Ope fia A— Nek (Bia,=),S) a PB): hO mort fo 6 J ZA B)—= se + Sader (S)(x) han fr WC Gut hae BAB) S86 BDAC 4. WV co vem of | es | 2 (Sg XD) $75 —— Us) 7 een Prot So fq 6 Weel def4cL6 3 s Day? Oop @) = Fou ( on lida) a: 4Z4,=)-m5 =f bh mer Sek ) a | Be ( AZ) 9156) (org ida) ASA ,.° Bylo) oe ae = (f) lon dy) mae fy | a = Mig? BAA Mid.) 05. rated — = GF) _ a = Be? Ga Flaericerey s) Ard Osa aa Ga.)= )—— 7 = G5 ( (Bo 58 > Gea) = ASA 1 (5) @)) (ida) = Sid Gd) = id, (x)= x 0 they bo 4 = Oe! — S- 2 Le APR in G / Ten Nak (QA,-), 8) 24> 5 —_ o| Gace) ly Nak (tel6-), 5) 2 Sy take at. x» G(A—)—-2S Oya ZOO = Og «P92 Y-)) _= a GD ye Elm Zy,Dg lide) BIS = age Z4B) lide) XY). (45) Ga Cm Go (a (ida) Fy ° QA Y) Gd.) = Gig) a5 above Hence Ose. Maes BL (a RT) 4 Ce, st]que 4 es —— patf) ea let (ZA,-), 8.) SRA ap fot = at | _t _| My) — 8» yt) Nak GAA, 3) a r/o A-)—R id Se ih) Tok The a “Zu,Ade sa oF ek (ain), ZH) Nk (A, YB) a OS _=(a, st) OI Ony6) Ha os — tad fo 60. fn TBA). ate = (Cs (Ade (5g) a a (cm Ak bs 26.5) A))) a a 2 (0 dom 2D). ERA) — —Hense Vaeqay Zl (%, 1A) a a byeclun VALE So Y el de pip 7 :Daferchion Afander She PS cx nthe Tait REORESCNTASLE gf etally mopthse te Ze, A) far some Act Le Hse vethawe say xed (E7(4-), S) [ass ec a So by oredia on SZ” 5k we gob", 4 a) SA a We call tis (a,x) 4 Penni GS. 5 and we. callx a __UNWWERSAL_ELEMENT of 8 z 24. Lb), Wy) bib representations. 9 5: wth “Than fen theese gua om A A mand =| Pag sag - - We hawt nak. tears Z(A,-) | Ss Ee = 2G - ) bh f= Y"( (B54 Cy)" en 4 2B — Thin f ts an_vr0m & Osglyle Y= Oy Naw (5) y)= £5)? Org (0,5 ‘) - - tO BY-)F ( Opg't Vorad& ed ala _ = Gal Oy) os is __| ge: aia | ADK t(Yyex : : 85g) UY = =) Oo : = OTUY IY) =O) _—_| a= (6° rts: )=Vf Pf =f 50 nique — 28mg : es - Kg eS yt) fa ste hawt Nel (Gp B=), of) ager oz by YonedaD | ale howe at 1= Gx (L) » Gp (Z-)-29 V a wrth ap (Fp = $e) =f - : - 0X Gp (ZB) —> UB which os bapoluve as FU) hokey ff) - bona a: Gp (2,+) -3U_ a nabural on 0s desired Lihuunie Ms: Keg. (Z[aI, B) 74 ig byerbue so neturl Gon £4) ©) Hite DNEK tA UE PY St Sts mpreserded by (fo,/} #) Ar ipa (eeglte othe “tre - thomas) - £1 Gee ts) PALL (St (6,8, ), 0) gam Priout ae st” ({0,11,6) — Pe Xe St (8 folf) — Pg fF > £-" fof) byecteor, (©) Leh G locolly smalt, AGB %, S:EP— st | Cmfhcm4 | Aggo} | kh FAR" ) Then 4 unarerseh clemark (Ee) J US is enaztly an equalize E->A af e UT 6 ; f > _) ts bijertie Conf onalhd) - So Hays > > St hes rprosenter (S*, WH)G7 t ) pheiey Tassey Ledlinre 7 2.6 Urfoicin beb Lracolegoy , Ge bZ 1G 60 SEPARATING FAIILY f Ze of VAPEB ftgn Z 1GeG and GA gf Aegh 2.G is a CeTECTING Fay 9% At alse called Cee nCRA TING VGA>B mimo nel iso 1g, GB nel factonng Vrough m 27 Lemma LIAZ i balanced thn > dolodaing — 2, Yoevey parallel pair in Te has an equaliser Yor ditoclirg > stperabyig fee bhet ASB pron nd iso then ms nek epi i. nck nght cornelale aa Gn—-n=Zc Hon ¢ 9m __f09 hk h so 1G 2A Ligh bale 6-8 olees nak facker (else Sy GA he ml thn Se fonkeyml= gh #) ) 9 Let ABBE ftg 50 have EA on, equaliser Sena Prone ad fete fy A nd om 4 Gq here have GAA nck factory Ahnghe hence fhe gla DE €7tcTOR 2 = ag He Aual SEPERATOR satay47 2 28 Examples OB - - a) Fr: Z, Gicapelig Cou arab marpcana picid foc deteding) Sb te. teal seal 2, LE =L ascot} ce both oe k see? debeding fr [&,StT by 2.2 Yoneda 2 fof ok S=37 & £2, Wich nc Sot RCA (x) Honee ZAZA ~) 2) a aA eV In Go {ZI is seperatary Lo ‘gun AGB sh £# : bk cA AL la)4 g os) and eb ZA ED CHE Ciike thn Lhe gh. lRex Airey: gm AE mene od so so nl say lle Cb) take x 179 E> 7" Ahn J (ASA 83 718) = 9’ SA 23 1g oe S «@ leet posoint fT, Toa RGHT ADSINTAS; SAT $2 Gampls ) 4) The free Finder F Sct > Ga it off adport the Zergohil Frncor UG» —> ot a aa: Set (A, 08) — Ga (FA,&) f t> [Ff: Ab Tha TAG) ie chon And natural a5 0 map en basis elomorht s egucvalornct te a group horromenplisey, 6) Fovgatfl U: Top —> St has loft adjornl S St Te ) A+ (A, Cisente) NX mn 9Gag 2 sh J: Sab (A, OX) —> Tp (A,X? a “fom « die Sine eer map Frm a de us ote This ia tally haebaral 26 WY and of cary Sarg Thre is. also a tight adjoint Tit —> Tip T on AMA, Cindieowe) a every map vty th indiserete space +s als, ) ¢) Func cb’ Gt—> ot Be bh (G52)6 Flaz Has loft adfeink O° Seb —> Gt. Ak discrete: categany on fl Ss) XC) check sn ON — La Ly mepphuiers_tr 0A Fag St (A, ob &) —> Gt (10, %) fx 7 #F ) Since functors fom Aare dalorursd by-thien achin om by nabaal Piso has nghk adpouk TL: Sk SG Ar rducerhe calogery an A trbe ndiseree. te dolimuned by vbjeds aloo, 2 tig 0 Sk —> Cot has a lof adjork a: WE UAV A TW) or (VU) € mert Yoon Tai Gob —> Sh Ze > LE/~ ) S# =» ((u] (uD) . w NV > cn > pee Bm fsv~ hare UN fuleg FN in & > SUSY 4 B BLN og48 3 3 Y a ee are “must sandal ‘conrad? abpedes. in hte = ph ,-se. uncqualy Lebrouned tate axlig on oy we a _ (eas cohese chjockr are sete eguiygaed wth an dempetnd— eA—A_ st ec =e. Mepham we A-5B st eaf= 2 a Howe ferctins + Sot —> Moen, TF Idem — Sb - A> (Aida) Gel theA io) fir£ L£> Alben Ne x« fre A > 6 (x) =.2 Beg FO) = £ (eq VLC) 50 £4) + fare B vell-dof ¢ SA, TBe)) — ldom (SA, Be) GB (A, fixe) — Ldn ( (A, id) B,2)) f—=— £ OC uth ef) =f(x) =f (ida) co Ceol wll dep _ fe [dae (Aid, ), U8, o > Inf Gy) = gle) = 4 le) = GW(eG0) 90 7 Ta 4) aes acs regained $0 also SET; 5. right ¢T — Hemewer Cungerned) Set and \don are nk oguinelirk - e) Lee be By te saagey 9 Leute | ¥ egayoet Hausdng spocos inclusion finch 25> Typ has of pe apes 8, 2 we Be STONE -CECH COMPACTIFICATION M face keRorlurproed)4as & 4 | | 1 ime / - f) Fer X 0) ateodegicel space Lk CX be Ha poset, hone cakegey, © of facbsals ovdared. by (alucbsin PX Uhesig hane inducsion renety 1: CX— PX This had lofp adfant SPX) —> cx a Ar>& AB) PAB) ub Jy. UIRX)) (A, 18) — (cx) (8A, B) pA +> IgK+B os 6 dend r >) vi let Ze PD conbrusriant fandars st menchises BSA bjork usdh mirmehisors A—>7B Than SET are ADSOINT ON THE RIGHT) a Symmertrt rolectcin bokivean S2T, _Likwusiss ADSOINT ON HE LEFT for %(76A)>23(sA, 6) Serpe @) Let REAXB a roledon 1 ofr mappings CI" FA — Ps Alf be B| acd’. a boe RF O16 ipa Bir fax | ¥beB': be RE Take YA, (PB te bee posh cabageras erdared by ‘neluesion Ton (! are orders reyersing 50 cet conbrasarunt fancteas LA NEPA Bers than (98) 8) BA) cantains an elumuck ft | AB AWS ABR @ We (te! = WA) (Gal, (-)' 6’)Oafirchion : 7 Fir TDG, Ae cht mde SVT forte caltgeny urhose ch pecks ave pairs BA) fi Bil and f:A TB merehiser in C. find whose morphises are BA) 28, f) fe BSB a mrerpbuiin cy Bit £7 A a PS Se alecgreey in AT We can comypose so us 142 cahegoy , cae aks of Mert An_INimiAL OBIECT Tig a fa cotugoy Lis ore ot Whe be: dl nnerphusen ia Tha dual isa “TERMINAL OBJECT eg.» Sb fis sriteal and any sirgloten 5 ermine4cL4 ' | jf ais AlneryLete T Be - 9 Teri, a oe ; a Eoin onl Beg alr a Ae Ge. roped f - Dafa = B"Cidy) ——— Naw Je blal7) aie Co | ve an) bos fia ANT re 4“ AB 5 D a FS 8 cerustet ———___ os ee unith ty show that Hore uc rng such oP _t Ne TS IB - _ - eh) = Eh) = 9 a a a a (He 7 b(G)-h) ag | so thee is weer crdsed 2 2 negise sich meg — oe Slt (m9) Wed pe # (ALT) 2 Bra defee a fritter SG by SAA om copes And fer APH in E a - - L take (SA mye f) in AV setae Ts unique 58 — sn’ stThan fe AoA ae : Due hane Tg his) 2m = (G)- Ch sp ye i hae ail Aiok fT ae Se there isa portgath canonical (ee unique)“ romephusen ———leeberern (5A, 4) aed tS ae eel ty unique eS in 7 ot 6 7 TSA Oo OB ome: a tm a nS commutis rans A)n> ANT: CSA, %) is robeal te heave A 9a’ 8S T5797 | 30 (SAY mh eX Je AVT en Sa beth WS6 and Sf on selisty the rile pf 4 abe 30. ue epiah ee a. SA => S54Get ) 4 ¢ 3S Lemma pc yu dt BGO GE wit SAT, UAV Then VS 4 TV a Fang let Ath, Bebe “5 Yon %(A, VB) #29 ( $A, VB) >> EUSA, 6) bytes And for A! GPA PNG age on ran Ved (1g) eho) =¥ (OG)- (hh) 2 S4) asf mela 2 ge (Vph)? OF 45 V rahul * Yorwe vod nokuel and US ATV 0 36 {of woh al functors haoing (ofl adfovele mien hane composite (ofl adjornts FEB ws FD 9G “These are beth“ fh adjorle f Gre FT So by 35 Hey are worvenphic ld ged oth SAT Pag @ (A, 16) — B (SA,8) npn a for Aceh (kh % m= UL A» 7sA Than by tof J 337) is a mackewal transferrin} Uw callad a UNIT Ie 754Cl4 S 5) Likeurse for BD Soetram (oh 24> lid) STOSS This ig a rakurel transfermatien ST->Ly (prs¢f omitted), called a Co-uwiT. 37 Theorem Lt GSD. hon ng ah SAT es & specifying bansfomations 7» 1, TS and EST? Ty hk ata TST and Sy7 STS 5 to Ire os [es Rr © Sw ue Nol: ue hare AS7SA in & AT has clemocks Lag, 18 1576 in Zen while So has elemore Sm, 4 D These are called the TRIANGULAR DENTITIES ey SIF deagam: Kafer Be b7D; ue uark o G ) Og 9 STB hag [7 Tas Tg be commute lt 7,2 be unk £rw-uik fim dexorikeon abae ten P(Cta)* 15) = Ea? lea) = €0° Isre ~ Es Pdi) > doces comme Setend diagram Ukeunse (new in DB) been © (Sm) = deg) om = iden? = 70 = Bo "Gdsq) a "qcut é & Guwen such an % and & dofana tye ° €(A, 76) —> B(sA,a) f= (sa S573 58) and Yaga -2(SA, 6) — > & (A 7B) og A 3A 2278) Ana ful = A s-730 2 rs71¢ 2 76 ~S Fr a es % rrdtival = A> 78 by 1 GAY idly ) = Yd =id ; bai Ukewise — So es gl) ha bijection Aso 6 ( A! —4>4 75 —*> 7h’) = $A Le A > 5 BB 578’ 6’ - a oF nebual, SAT a 88 Fropesctign ‘ lt GED SAT wth coud 2:S791n . Ter ) \. Tithe A 2 perrtanie epic 2. Till exfadrefal 2 2 an semenchisn (a. p- wis Lsterepahic) (ft Sen’ in BD 7 Ha 6 16 2 76') = 3 (16 “S75 & 75’) =973 £83) 9g > 1 = S16 2%, 8 224’ Hens Ty =Ty’ 9% SG) = ATG) Ylag = F EG J So T fall © Fn epee (nybk-carrellee) Ue AYGece ) P Te 2 Fim ®, G2 %) a byedese ff Gyeq) bfeokud 7 Hm Bek 8'=S7B Ls1a= = Jeg same bs fg % split rome So &g regular monic (USp2.) hone wemenhe Clsp2) Conscersolay “of Eg it iwernenphec tan (9199s) 1s coerty lapartue 195 aps, sel) Lk @ED , SAT ot unt 91g TS. phe, LS fall > 9 perrcheonta monic - ) 1,8 fall Bfictpal oy isomenphic fe dual f SAT «x TAS , also unk & comik sunp tha ducl f mone is epic alidio Pyply 38 codh tho rites 9 SAT reviesed en gk po ick is fall ard i fia a RELLETION eects REFLECTIVE SUBCATEGORY F Ze a full pn eae hee a hat lo adj Ce Gent ao Les aie wnt _call WAS Grit) the REFLECTION f Ant’ This 6 uniwersal anong morphusers AB por Ie ob! > thy al fd ooupd cegualy (poe. orvidled) Fa SAT, f By 7 and € are noberal errerphsms hor we han? an equiralornce of cabegores. a!qcll 3 510 Pepin : lb ZPD and nabinl trom X1y WS, 6 dpe * Thin Cares nodal ven STL y : st x and 5! ore the wich and comic Ff an adjunctin SAT ) fof ES 1, —— Ts commutes as X rebual on («, Tx) |= Buck Kis an serronphusy 50 epore hone TSx = Az5 ASH ) 1S —— > TSTS_ Likewise STS = Bsr SST ——— St Defire/S 04 Proven: - sf fe Mnglst “15ST > T obo [* tp commuks as x netwel on (Th, TST) TST TWs7sSt — > T5T se l« bctton T apyliad fo squcvve “8 above ) . Ist TT, Howe TS! xy = 75 2 TSad* (Tae) ° ys)! 0 Ly Kiso Ae 2 Sa > 1s svmilady (pot omitted) So by 37 we hawe an edfunction Dopirnteen Ld Ta caleyny, Acct. Then “he SLICE CATEGORY TMA bus chfedkt the ramphcas BH aR with rahul commyptsibiion PN, U4Seo Linas Depirelsan Lek S a category (usually small Airc ) “Than a DIAGRAM OF SHAPE S tn caligory Z is efarctor DIE. Us vertices are the images ff chfjeds f Sand de edges are unagee f in menphisms JS | IS adagram F shape Tis ant reessarly conrutobwe Square. the cakegury f diagrams J shape Tin is just he —hecrter~ cdagory f fords [5,1 Grinen AkchZ write Ash Zar the CONSTANT DIAGRAM of shape hose Hie vertices aralA and edges alk Lp, Gren 0° I> Zia cone ever Dis anabarel fommachion A=? D.. 2. for each Ait MB Xe dS amenphism A— DS) a Z Hh the duagram sheusn commutes4cllo 2) 42 Aw called the sumient f taco nnd neptns «Gj! Ao Peles or cts L LEGS, Dofirickeon — —— Cone (0) i the wth objeds being comas ver D and aaa Ax a Asoka Aiton: we A Litter for D is a-leminal. dhpeck in Cone (0) Dually a coLimiT cs an inikeal ebfed inthe category fomes under D &. OLA nae Teste 9 cs ae prin: pte cma 0) S26 The cone over BSG ig Just an objeck with no lege. Sea menphiisen J ures & just ameyphise 7 Ce, core (o)*&. So alimek (resp colimisk) FD is a fominal (ope “onsen ) tfkd T : Se terminal chjeds are a special case of linc a MY Se ae OB fests « A core arte 5 locks Uke | A Zz \ dD 0. + yello 3 A link f Dis caled a eRopucT O.xO, Orr, yv 2 oo 3 they For weeny care 7, A v we is a unigey 0 map f:A—>D,«D, aa | Sk Gian oe inch an are categonical produkt | he Ge eg te Cherise, ) Dually we have the CopRoDUcT /su bd, Dd, UN L» Orb, St far exery cotora Dd, 0, thre ig 2 unique map IN tA | A £:D40, ~A Laff faAy, in See coproduccks are despot uniens 910, in Ge copredacchr are frce produce G*G, xs £ + A ¢ 2 “ Yoon XX in He posek i 6 Sew eer an AMY (ySx,,x, oe 7 ; Ws 2%) F- XA xy OX a And « copadud 6 a jorr XVx_. (Mey nd ect)GCHe | | a ut ee Ka) a) ||) Move gererally lat “a Ta cavers cookery — Then a. lind tifa diagram Sie lect ie a pa, a tind 0 MERE cctimit it copreduch fourm Zp - d) Let. Berm A desgram_ F bape Si w pare _f manphusens A 3B. a“ A come over Dé c Dually a ecliprt is Oe gpuahiiste, — Oo eae 4: Be s facal/ ergo - “than Yah hf (a) =h and x~y > x= fla), 9-4 G) ope a) — hod) = hf (a)~ glee hey) 50 well def.4cL10 S a >! - | . A e) JH diagrom | = WL 5 2.0 A core is ae _— “Ne a ot Lefk=Ggh can ork So a cone is be er A vs mS A limck cre ts a puieback — AX B Yn Arce 6B In Sh Ax B={lb) Ol cao) and Tyg = ee eg over a jer dere ee eae gh: Cj) Whim ot EP DG : E=S* Fowl fee oe = pg) ; has Dx), ree = 00am) - a am ee So dis is d cone oer OO a a Let E> TG) be an equaliser Sf ns | Cain eneepceaa | 10,€* ea) tap esa (onl core Cage = Mage as 2 egualsioc of (dog)“cL! 2 2 | | Zz ; Nag = {Ab 0g) | jb TF a gee $0 Voter hi_-# 0G) bt A-STIDG) product } CX) oS ace ee) | 5 "i > Pg) comnutey wie. Ke heade = OW) dome | SP Mina h = DOT dena h | O Te fe PLY ragh 7 Vx | Y | so fh~gh — (uncqualy delermaired by forefertions) ry And ESTIDY) is an equaliser f Ky) so we can frector A—-TI0G) Brough —€, tn a Unique cony A | | a PS ang) 008) ene | se hyarjh pattos through € likeunse Te E 00) Scots is alm ¥ 0 OD Saale Ce have pulbocks anda termina cbjed T re We can conshuct binary products «ste pullback of J BT | YA) | A - A A B [alee tes So Anis aprabat. A}geal 3 | : The £ fander S'Z—-D le, 6 ve llbek¢ A 6 Me ON LG) A BB s 9) fae = Lh tes a CO Phe = —_ a ue worl “ang EA % anegealise- £L J da ee Ah gh=Lh - _ thn uN a a a a ne h ice cting Be Ore os a a A 6 a | a coy —o Cla. y)— a Tel z s— Be T comuruckey a Hence ESAs cnequaliny a Sey © we hene aan (nike a - Than S PRESERVES — a property if an entity, in Z having Hoel a property wvplios dx 4D else dees eg. S_PRESERNES LIM TS, a dcagyarn DSB and _birck “| ere (14> bg) | eh) tint sgp eat a lint ame ft SD: Sb(Wa Sis «funda Sek automatically prestres cores) 1S REFLECTS. 2 praperty if F pn an enlidy tr Ze otrose ot under S has the praperty j then he ently “etseg has 4. eertect > Lente Pe wily cond Sis ‘Cs @ lem” »S CREATES Litt TS g, =e D:'3>& wnda ‘Gh PPBGEG M504) gf SO SD wlbare eniste ak [Least ene _cone (LD). % mapaing bo alice 4D; pol all such cores are (ynety . S WL Leraena |, Crovles Limits —Ryaeeaenves—terezocks lumikt (alk shape 5) 2 Egon rele Uimtts Cf all shapes) : Deg buvnal Qh SGD Th-Z fercey x: TS le 2571p GC peso y—-u wy lorie ¥ Sd'S—=D Then A) THs sty > 1 | bs Sf et | SPY - A SSMS 04) 8504) jo 4 [00 Sq) UA L= TH Np 20g? Ta; TH 9G) fd; [jebTT a cone oer Dad Then Oy Soog)-ST, 5 et umage in Dj acon ove SD We have netuol som Ba STM Bg) STSOG)—>S0G) os shown i4c S sie chcineel tote ca falt tet APL oh Sh= Nr suppose. 644 spy) @ cone over SD; aap befavcler thro Sd, (te shras # €aSTM, S\))‘A Lend) : We hewe & Bsogy* Slog: A? SOG) cene over SD and (3504) alam - Se we cain factor Bsn Sepieh™ Aeg Han ( pA 9 & SY, A 9) = Saag) S%j*fcbg = Sip, yl Boogy- ‘ eAleg a = Seog Bs0g)' *( Bsouy Seg D4) era? Fi - So Yo (Soe ne fa HO (Sx S(Sx); | eee “Now we nsedto chew S repledks limiske Ff shape yz (russ ncbection) Lek (1% 169), cane in Ge, (SL BSOG)N; a nick, Let (A -Ae0G)), a come over DB A> | a wre : SY — NP aN po _____ $G) Yun CF (or 55 5049, cs a cone over SDy Cs 29062) & Conk So 2 £05 Pict burovg neg Than Sf; = ASKj2g= SO¢h) ¢ and Sco also 12 fearig- Heme (\), 2a Lot 0 - er Besa lageApad omuthd) Inna f Oe ee pate 65 sn can sable cer - “Ce as and SL. B preseves’ oD hes ad SZ7O ceeds” Pr” % as” (eo4chil & =) 46 Gampless - oe a) Farge UG ak cracker prraicht, since hu _poducck F roses (regardod as A) is te Same as ty podudk go , groups (vegartled 0 groups). — z He algo reads equalisss APB Gu. tee xf CHG Os Hl is Har Joquatise a 2 ise in bocth SE end Gp is {xen £2) -y(x)} Oo. Hence U "coast (4S@)) and Tew Yor, Hruewer ‘ct olees nek: presene cdumde > eg. copmducte io Gp DU ae call small imiht £ cobiomala eal di MNS Ecchi ok dat Gm 8 ¥ the are many tppeeic or XY may le rfedinae oe bak only one making a prcduck in Tp Oh nda fartlr, alge > Gy roach eopreunche buch dame nok prosene Yes - : Net UNgERs7000 QO e Be | 4 eprrduck Gol tans Abelian mag He __byistal andl hoy indies s tielate a - — a 7 ke ) = uruqualy cp C—>R — By fF ge Tk A 5x28) oy —+ a : a | ee er L6_ & a ema ae x5 OG,- ) oo . sas Conmuke by dof” - - - 4, Comsnustes From i Se Nig? he Y= dye Yep a eb uni yanett soe felony ate Dt BAS abd — Contig gn ViSomy st Mo weep dy “Ve —_ wwe gt 4 SALA st dina =a, Nyy > Wea Ly 2afs a eG ia Leer sealy Meg yal nD —__Baally ux chock that UG, BIB” creates line Caen B20: S— [7,91 arnd lini (Le UG) ree ne arin oh 2) ne cme || 4 > | an Ole - (sa f= OpeF | jes) where (ims “> ng )); is the Limit come Nate: _guiren iy wy Ashli=a_ —HeetBpn-aiag) | | ey | py pu) ee = DG) wurde commute Pia i egpsivenlank te A fag a Sonal V ts) VO oe - a ip — {3,21 — [5,2] commucty - arr ol et a] commurksy (yp isomerzahier) ) a [or * - 7 - D7 a- D4) 104) a Ta. 4 ZlA,10G) —DlsAoG)) | Chasin (oy Maw); ib acre trl nD Crd: (ok jae a - i oF 0g) toy yy ff; 2 bl Wei) = Ooh Uv - Ey Sie fade cqucly 4 Oo a Te in a gt Lani) Oo Midlemma _lep fave and DZ, presence all ienite ff shape _Aebhe Than ALT has lssde re and LIYE pergetfed — a creakes hom — - UAW 5GLI ui Rof—_— on = — a Ot ai BE on j= 7G) a thm UD S—>D is «come, 50 has alimit (LA>%Dy)), Corn (1. * 74); Be CEN ee Dn? Alt a Pas Teese 50th i< a abt ty Ze a We need a mae A> 7h ot this deiguam - ch Commute to make @ coma in ALT [Nf Buk “HA —>7bG) is a core in so y (fattes uriquly Brough, TL, take lhaamap O_lHemains a pre thak_U_refleds limsbe ard hak the core fasts emai in ANT ce liek Claardy ery. core mapping to a lind undue os. ry a ae ee ae fe (ag lé 7B ; — Seba D (Bp) fale eriqusly Lema Go; sf a oe - a Alow2 > Ty asd TH, defeat fuchniege FO Ty) tas Lin Ze oy rash be equal - a a [Here Be ian anno in WT \ A eters 2 ha anne fined la agree f shepe Le) has a Unik -edi 1 7Geel 13, ) “thamen Primurel Pijent Runtion Tbearton 4 igi ey ee) Let B have and TE Ze presene all lide wales ot Than Chas a loft adfeart ] ra ANT has lems Berghe ty partieulac# shopo ALT So by ll ANT hes an initial (a) —_ 33 Thas a lft adpent (ay is COMPLETE oo ee Comiht 5 CO cOMMLETE 9 - Congrckulakcons | You hae now fowshed (coke (2Gl3 | —Cabegony Thosry * lexbare |S a LDL sehisxinatha fiipodt se ctor = _YAc bZe da st of mermtuims Ae, cD} st Ae in Th can be Faclack as A> 1B, 27 a _ beme itl, 6, - = — 270) ty 4 TF presen all limeky —— tit ne Gi) Fireach Aehte take {A >7eal meunt B33 Sere D£AIT: 4! sAtec Bo — sh OSE SEER % — — = ) = _commuckey - - ofa Dore a ne OS a 2 Bix Aceh Zand seek an i GALT (33) fe oth din whnv) Gus 2. Tt Po a Pe Bote POS - WB bl hae P>S 6 _ : ¢—| - 0 Inno considar diagram — aga Gchendonamphiing go? - = teal anellness 0 50 forwlt lini IP hiss | nan equaliser of all FP. oe ie lec te Fe ete |e el shes Ti an initial ded Ge oo Popes 7 6 Ther date eyialisr ED so eae | Naw thoe edett PE 50 howe PTS] Pd | endomnrenptaisan 9 P- Yer) £ aif Ms talc - af lek/) = Ona Seok Sab lfeadjant: U: Ga Sek OS _ hence predones sonal Limite a iy alee datos Lek Ae ch Sob: [pa hedSts foany, AU falbos os fib Vel eee hare GE ia the subgeaye f G Perl Wo Lech 90 1a < man Ne IAI ae a4ci3 3 ee }) Take cattgory Lat of complole labtieas (ie osels wld all | Weald and jon) — mvapbsaena preserve order, maakt & jon. a We can shew, small lisnte Sto, ED in complete 4832), 426,24) sfeurtn Hence U preserves and Chat has al sprall (ude Oo a Hower Hales li66) showed that Vee arbitearly larg — — — Cardinalday bu ieee - goraratar corn, paleti Ledlicos so SSC fale OD fer h2fayb,ct and $12 yialds ao lf adperst, Gel Dofrdkon — WA sugogsect ft Act reas ther a BA a OR an “somenahugim Lass Gf such—thangs ee _t oko Hk this det Comvrusher RE gen cornet 2 A.cadagery is WELL-POWERED if every choad has ov be 416 Thaaren Spesial Adjeink FancleThaorm4cUs | p TS — [uel awed: et “en manizin Ad (2 AR ne) = | Hon G8) pee _ — a — pot |, gg} * |y a - a | - ve v os cet) Ac P56 ic g pullback in IT rhea are as isa « pallbede ol. Ia. een 1 ae eee ane ee ee Cospercking sek’ bane Bll dase percthang sek fey 2. ae lel, ZY, 1 eck as Stl all Oo ) pen ae — —— ~S — a “SN toy, AVT ais | en woe hare Oo thy Ah ee ae - sotake (A> 7) bs (ats) g ALT keg th LS we hane a casaperaag so os We wil shew that ct 1 thm pian poquckcs Lunen 3 Fore pac Let Gy SE sepeaing 5 Po Ta oe fu ole will seek tre “srnallesl” subdjeck f P_ Ae | Consider 4 — S- otvese eeebionac _ { 2&7? sch (0c, Holl | haf lc EZRA NIP The maps AL are - delermared uniqucly by Bagh inde re deagram ; all fe hoch are dotemaned uniquily by by the kg map to P «AP ) We now shew Dis an AA Nike trek TP packer Brough all the other; sedeceehs/ Pecu S$ _) Gattne bh Beh; see IB E O= TC Cas oh Locally small be complete) & 7) { so ug#uh ad a - - hm Lek PQ Vfedloning f marks 2 {C,3core) fam pullback iD Geb ry yvar NS O | - PF ae - oe : - ia : - a 7 - han ter hy OS So DP is a subobfecd f P co LP facken oe hig gies Teche IB mtg a Cmonanees a 1-38 Ah comple ere ar Js] Bw But also TT "P fen e oll subee rr a ae i) - - a - a : — So Nf 2Gamplo . / Cam sidir inclusion Khas Lp — - re ere Torrie ieee a — Cus 8 Top ove locally small a Tye At heal sal pra t i dhaaly = lh 2= fucxl Zo Hy EXO cali (Gain: 2 ce lead hance compack, hence in Chast _ tops yeX\Z 50 Aly# gly) So hase dishoind paar > Fly) iw ly) ie Aa tag Weg. opin then WO=XZ (che 2efAN2 > La) I) Ake s6rg L_ So AXAN2 ts open Oe Oo Se ae 0 Haus is “well A gl ern pn) X(0,11} sopeastes = Hip compa Hausdorff (hore nomnal). So {a,13% ia Ccmparg’ Sh for Haus So by 1S ATT hes lofl adgoink~ esto conta CTIFICATION. Ha fa by he prs pom i - Oosia oo A _rtonAD on a cottgory Ze consishs f& : A fancer TEP% o> Nie 9: Iz, > T Ay: TTT a ae a7 ) @ : Dee “Tis 2-sided nbihal” ot ator uw @® |* : 5 The cmap is derived from bying descrile as rch _ ; possible gf He structure adpuuncton 4) ae bn rid ~ ame FD, So we-take T= GF a 2 = unit [2 GF B= Gb: GEG GF 2- sided padraliby. cirmes from afBigagn the angular Ladabies ca. Eisand Gux GL Fea —"—A rel |r Fag —% > 6 ) Ja bichD Wilt apgly, dik Fah > Atga eg ea oo on Oe a le -teangpore pre sly Ed - are a aden” dagen — S. SDE remple Lat Pe oreo (a calgon alia Je ety Fotyte than finda Mehl St 9 St a ange ty a A (mah) "A a 8) Lis) capes @ menad shuclue a vt 4%: A—M yA — : as (e,a) re ~puubbiplicehion An CM AAA (inna) (nn) j sb (spt, Mle) = 24 (0,0) 2a Nein) | oe Spey arta a = ule.) = (oma l= (ena) —__| ee gaa DD born mn.) ee >| - = (mnp.a) _— a - 2 (4p Teta) (Corin) — Glandeny’ row 3 lad pon tot win ie _ S3 Defimrduen Be LA T= (7,4) be amondae Zo Than an (ELLEN GER = MOORE) AleeéRA far is (A, x) A Meche, TARA oh Aaa and TATA }——— nel nfo fe TA x?4alye 3 s ) A Hovonogeaset fallen aHee)— 6) s AWS Zest Re as A corm We hare a catigony of Talgthras Bhs daveled ZT Funder GT: ZZ, — - - (a> A a a . ) @ aie 6Ae_ early farvcborial Finder FF &—> a A (TA, Aq) (AS8 )-> bo Thyyip ican algehre as© follos fom®, © fom® GH x an algebra hom by netuolidy f ys Prd fir a fardor ob Tis. We hawe GT FT = 26 SL BY. 12a"! eT D daferg 64> do rer Be) CA) 2 (A, 0) Ofer tis fee on lps ham we rood! TIA x7 TA —_ |< TA A hash 4 toe by © New sppflih ox show £ Fn cs neluwal: lt (4, «) > (82) alge em in & coat (A, on) ze? 1B, tg) x a a hich s tures fan algae horn (A, «) => (64)Gals / ¥- : Wand: ott oe : - - _—___} oT 7 - - te as 7 = - — Hawe CB) + athrage) (Ae) = a aay Me ; es = G'x om, Z - — : = am = 1, by © Wark FGF" - : . - Feo] a OO : es ee ES Ee OO tune (oF) A= Lemay Foy = bys Ty, shy ty O | Boas (22) ate re BG bean my so te mana induced — __\_). 7 a a oe oe - aGets | Note Foy moms is 1 fog muars SL a yy ) | Oo Cabazon, Thacny Ledtire |S G4 ‘Dofercbin oe Leb Tamed mZ. “then the KLEISLI_ CATEGORY Zar of T has cheats PG: chjeck 9 Te / AB Hz “uidh as (G6 47% )- ee =ASa ore ope (APA) is A> “We hod Gus acakegony Passortabae (<8) 57) - Sm} ) = AS re on Ss THs TH = Ap ere > rr T1505 pp nabral 2 = Ab tre > 7 1n 4 7S by ©. = {C%)- (B2>70)} ¢ (A278) om ait | (A7) © (A> TH) - = ASA 2775 8 15 - =A 18 8 1 78g nether | =A ® - - mG (AB 7) 2 (A378) — = A152 7 “*o78 ) fy - — Defoe Fei le AA (4s) JG 2-4 78) / 0 5, (aa) = (4 ts SA ) nae _ * fF; ( a Fr (BAC = AS pe Bon Pore re | ah sB— cre Sere 5s 9 nativall ) = AS p—*?¢ ore by Oo. So Fir is a farabor— a — ene oe 2 Gx (A> TA)= TA By = 9 on 440 ELL Oy 2 Gel Ante Po Tre 97) - = 4A Tat Br re Srp ore 8 rre oe by @ - at rp 5 Bo re Teas yt nora A > Gy (A> 76) Gy( 82> 7c ) a $0 Gr ig rfid a es _ Hawt Sri: ZA, Geib) —> g Zl Fra, B) Oo SATA) eZ (0B) We must shoo Hc 6 natu OS ds ___ ohne AD re - “Gl © Sopa Lag) =60L 6 e on FB py - - compeaitl Se = 62h 2 1K 29 5 1% (sy rete) = =BALEK by QO O(n X*y) = A2b KK wry 2S - comprribin inte = ASS ty gt ge) finally Gea Oo | GAA) = G48 878) Co4qclis 3 ) it, snk gf Fray is O'(Npu) (44) ET we 20h) “yn tq) =A it caida Fy ix_ ez 0 lne) > Las So Gar EF = Ga (La)= Ag 5) ie induoe_moaed TE 65 There Defrdion 7 bb Ta moved” than Ho hes eg eee ohjects end menphisms Bae) —#L BD) bing fact oe Ht KEEP! keg Zl. “nel can chts Lk Ta mpenad on han. Zig BS Halal se Adj ) and Le ee Loe san indeal ) 2 “lng fF SET an LED AifgE “Ge, defie te Ed comp |son Functor kK™ Bz" Bi (66, Ges) (for £¢ Fab 8 _ count of £16) (GME)—> Gy S (66, Ge) uw an ete © G6 GT FTG oI x ;aig 4 & fey here 9 Pee beth FAG ond EMG - Ew Yocum a HG = DGG ST HGF a —Sothis Ids by tre FL" cdarctoty ge 7) fo FG O. Gar an > Gras. : aera CTA, ag) =F 1 kTeL= are = Th = EY Hence I te a. remphizen BoD) eee) “a A) —— SUriguuoneas: lek LB Sk GY=G Farm Lin = (68, 6) soy Uy hee) gt ee deg: GLGE—> GR _ — Aloe Cif mg) = LEA = =FIAS CTA, sy) > cen =etySUIS S $2) Clann: GEG 9G is nodal Pot: Ut A448 aD Ban hy Gf = Lf mere” $0 Gf iz arr algebra hemes > La frm, Gt (GA, da) -& (GB, %e) ob TaA ree TB “| a [« oF GA_ ——— ¢6b So ds Poleecl Hence by nedwal on gq FG —98 GIG FCB ag? Sha all rag a xe FG ~—Séa > cg Msc commudes by & applad to & neakwal om €&, By nite earl Leag= Hog = Ol reg So the cliagram gues Gig © GFGEg = Xe °GFGEq BAG? Gey GECEq ? GE Ae = Ae * GEG Ey? Pri _Gég =Ke Q2rtar) “Merwe B= (GB, %@)= (GIB, Eg )= K™ se L=kK™ qa Bislnee : defire Kr: Gx —>D A> FA S15 )> (ra se75 re) awn | Kr ig a farce Pag Ke (A715) * (8 27) = Ke (A~£o7H. ore “£5 Te) = ao reen “Sb rqrace Ms reece Seer eee FG 8s rere 22> 2 nalarah om bx & neheral on Fy = K-(A) + Ke()4CLI|5 6 Tic kB A= Kc=FA - = a KrF AS6)= ky Ves) = tars > re9g Fg - - = See (ata) GKA= GEA = The Gof Z Fargra > Fipa Scere pa Cama by nedarolidy fe) F 2 Evacy = S Een 4° Bragg Oo (ea) (ex. a a a‘eeuis 7 ae @} — We hewe tener Zee Fouy A—5 Ts nz consider TT a eet) (41g 78> 798) Cg 473) = A515 2 71 > yp 7 =A—47% by @ “Se (AAs18)= L(A Se 28 705)4 (e972) ; __ LA 15 5776) L C578) (051 ofan) | = LF fl (ts) aie) Aine) ae T S_ Nevo GL ya)» Ge yg) = Hs = = Gees oo so A Nag = Eee ee re —_—__| = ff * be_ = kept 7. - - OC a ns -gcue ( - the fg fant Lok Le crealas al Give (sshushanech nz) Lak gue cole shape MRD pe Than GT oreatas cdirriat Fchepes if “peste tn ‘Tc epee lak ZPD FAG ction none F KD ee fall po AF a ar REFLEXIVE of ~thove exists 1: BA - ae CEAPLSER arene lire rf pls. ) WIA Seu cocOuALiseR OAc is 8 ASB ack bf oh ATS soft AS fom OC = st=kg: hs= le (soh_splih pir) ple pian ORD cle sgt C otty c F820 - Har, ksh= = Bftakgt=k 9 / this uw = then Bs>ths> L Hence b A 4 sepa £4. sohis “Grisen_G: BZ, AS, Feb in Bitte sett pani —lecerpaabtinr liagirnin adbereh oh = as a &.Ace 2, b4 Theorem Kee GB hth ex road lA OSD, FAG Ther (Ftc) i Harada fees cae yeas pl po =? We have a fT te momed urduced by FAG q < er weit Kan equisralence — Bz ) Hewe Gp = G™K™, and (ucts) _K" creedes alk inact for A=? 8, G- then kTA 4x8 is GT split See 67 weaker voequalises of @= golik pairs Tt (4,9) BB) in Zhe Ta Grlanl=a ayat Goin Z% we hare Ase pola splth ecoysalisar (say PC) And fig are algebra heme ho te 7A BT 7 y “er \e 3 ae Nt bODiy= hfe = haa A— 3 B aE =bary I VY \7 Naw T presences all the equalihins of berry « splk coequeliiw, 20 ABE. ch) 4 oa. Hone ds a coepulier, 50 eB uniquely vege, Cal tus Bo re —a5 tHe .cule % yi n= eT ig _ = = heen Lby» = fo TB —_ by® for (8,8) an algebra 2 Ye TT boy = Yot-Tth bey Te) u\ | ok be kg 5Geule % LA L y Oa 2.72 Sm i Te ee £ 3 Bp 6 ESD Se | By have GAB CPD st Rh-d We want dip square —1C —Z> TD by. carmmuck_s0 ks 5 ica r| | aeons ¢ + 3p proput: bane RY *Th= keh as Bh G™ 1 bude ae Orca, = 8° TA as bint Same = $+ Th Th OY > kef= S*Tk ash (heme Th) 4 splil cocquralay, Sogeic ey cuwbomatti, 5. as rreegahiim in Ze” is ere in Fe a Fo me RS io Fey naturel seme ny Eek we shall contre L bok Gx del” Bey | Sa OE FGFA Fa 2 Gosplil par eb fn nosd tn ATP Rep ewe, rg > yp Xion (unde Gy) SOLED; “ sepa RI qe] srTas me ty anew th x2 om - J x by @ 21) stm = 2428 ley. anily Fm 3 Ba2 7m = 1 by @ nts Toss G-split also acts Aa cagpaal ata TF So creabs 4 coequelistr on B, Soy Fern Sn B38 Ltn9) aot (8 Guinn) =A)—_ > A oe - era a a“ SF A as Ae _ a \—rer } of ey EGE ee et (BB) __| A a aK 6 say Era? FEL = Aa) =A, cote Rbal ty nebo Neod Grbp(agy =X Boi “ina Tide ce) sey Ab esa)Ue 6 ) a : : SONS ra ee, feb 8 ig a coepraliser (Lipa) cc fg So) 4 a G-splét pair, for whidr & creater ceequalusees [Ord @) paps te a coequeliin Hemee “tix 0 coegualite — / Forally hock bx nokwal on meee. fap a | y Fos $448 1 (68 Ges) —8> 6 eee FB? Qin tty) = Fb = fst as ¢ nebwal mf = he? Mes at) FS = Ae Lf» Won, cen) by bf" f Uf LP fh pelf 85 renee —cpie a Sep S\Otheorenn. Crude jy bh GED, Fe LAO) ti) tan aod eeenet caflae egualiog Then FIG i meade Powe Rest consrud LZ 7D Guiren (A,a)€ 2 Fa Yer Foca > FA 1 6o Re £5 veflarsie oy Oke 24 Se by GW) Here 6 « cecqualisor , say FA-#2» (04 x)Gcule 7 7 fabs Gta SS cra a ee Tue tp) ape L(A Aa) (GLA »), GE, ca4)) a be ok KL ee) GFA a en —__— GLA, x) 2a 5 GFA EG GLinx) Ga xe pa 4GGcLle & | cpu : aa ve fae. LKTX= L(GX, Gey) oe 2 oe ele”, dn do Ld (Ae) (8,6) wn Z™. ThenkU f= Gf Composition in Te and.in Ge ave the same, so t suffer to ___ Gena) _Fa,47. GFA GLA = eS 4 . Dy rer Gig Ett GL(6,4) #28 Forex = Fox i a — L(GX Gee) - Have On catpsabier by ef se FGX AX “facto wrueyuoly fog A, say by X— > LtGY, Ge), Meo apply G Lo Uris deagmm gexcs x yale Cin) snk there (by L167) Gra > aX Ue alee & cocqualiter, Hence af is an Gem. Pod by ( i), & vefleda usoms, so fis an em, He only remains ty shed thal bo LLG webyal XY wD OC —Lk"y = LGgEx Fax —@ L0G, Ge,) —2— ref sa «| [ Fay —@-—> LG ce,) X— ¥ Ns JLd _0:G—>4 bo bijecke i a a -|Mb,bc Ht bh’ = hh’ => 6(8"“bh’)) = 0(0"(4)), 10") 5 = OOH) Oh) - : 2 9"'(hh’) = OL) O°(h') / Jo Nevo deb wes ancl 4e pressive reflasive cecqualiiess by VCTIZ ob yr ke rextomie > C?=(G/4)2= Bt Pee hue & closure of GAB) (hE), hy)) for hsforg AH a =£C), 2/2 HG) Sma 26 A (or chesue Here!) | - 2 mlagl=am(¥@),f£rly) oe OC = (mz, ry) fo gm Gry) : == - : =m (g@), 4 gr(y)) —_ : mg) ek 50 ell ag4cu7 2 Pad o> (Le), oy, Ce3)) = m (Ga, Lon y, 221) = [Pm Crm Cy, 2] > [mn Con Cary), 2)J a 2 om (mn (Gy, 21), fal) ed, $0 Cts & growo under thee | "lon Goeg)) 2 bom bap) = mm (Ed, GD =m CRCa), ROW) sok is a group hon GC . BSD 2 group hem Gt CD fetry tonk His to be a oo WED, G1 st ¥ PAB) =e (e, pa) ge (a fyca le —OT 7 = Urweerse . 7 Cnicen AF >"> pps pn 4 0A Epon Ae A Than AL Bh sé) = Lyn’ [xe Rife hag (yh — ee = Aycan | gid ch yt a _ 2 ay* (f2eA | ght) ; | eft pheg()) 50 ¢ nehinl re a Ett \ S— el5) sinage a | As Pe nh We will show ia 4 y 1 frm uric Pe is ie ee a |e Xe) oid a5 ¢ veyed (og monic) CPA) (Py) = (Pe) (re) es | Pag PRS <8 (9) fee | o0)-4 60} Cone anequu) __| Pee (S)=1a Bly Ceg@)§ Se xe fg (S) £99) Prflw«rg(S) > xeS >x fx=g) Axcs_ 2 flaky) xef-48) ctAUT 4 Xo ee eT a Praeger a full Efasbrgl night adgeint , APB Gogalit ie. GA 2 ees c + | cap orate oe egeley ate ze. i ee ©) Consihar “he cakigay YAlip of torsion -7ree Abelian groyas not ~thiss eflackure in Abi ust reflacker L:A—>W tersuin subogroup of A) CHEKED Soe hase aan pen one (Clie thay. Ss which uv net monedic. whare B=KK;, L; are comparisen farcas BX 1 he monad wb Ahtdirdascad by FAG, $ dak for (44k) 2d : We say FAG thas moan enetiin ¢ GK) is on equwaleree (oe monadic length 1 © manadic).Oa Sek 52 {le beX | Mela)? - Clasim! R= (yg )(S) a —)} Frop Css (yg G) 2 Le bes st gadex glbeyquiz 6 re 6 dab k g@=x glby ff) a AG) = hg (a)= hf(«) = hf) = hg (6) aaa PPR and Cu geR > heh) ee - > ft B)= sh@de shiydadbly) SO DEW, £y) AK (Sez, | PU'(S)< tz by bey” ite _ | (is ht, So a map dn Hay ; hoc ent - Hone, YZ te a corquealeier in Haass acoors tere Take diagram DO: Tx SG _y (ct % ewe lender GF srgoes [2S Nae OE) ais ie equivelarh b D sire So fer cash \ebS ux have Oj) TE | fare dB unit Ly -~ Limp H-,)) Toon Loy tub a finder SG by L joa Ye Vee 2 SZ ft, | foot {06,33 2H ov, 8, Nauo “teks Lim bj * Ling line BerfPeyd Pb aggpety on toild fom Gm, Wns D abe! Un glims D = Lins bing O45 they both ore lings D fa (oof onebid) KZ has ulimnils F shape T we can form collins ling & lime ccting These ate rk in gerarak isomayhe , buk we have a catcanauceh ediong ling — ling edismg O as follows deg sk L; = img Dj) CG; = elsing Ci =) howe Vig 2 BL; —?D(+i,)) —9C, canonical So Np Lj BRR im (corona wrk Hed we folios — a GESOP dion L., —? lim. oe sass Cor Ee / id Day — yy ao hn = - (dobasls emittod)€cus 2 Dofiiidzon Soup (irate of shape conmurre wsith colinite gf shape To Gp -this maphism us iso for enery diagram f shape Tx S_ 6-1 Definckcon cote oe un _ Aeskagey Ts Furry f evry frit diagam inS hes «acer wnrdir ees lese 67 Lemma OT Ss pillorek_ i Sep DM, hebS FT jn at a an : DV) Sep oS ja), utbra app a ceegqualessr) gz Pha aye ss fin “Gap duegrars) & Gin DIS; by 0s fealty / By Secceossine application of (i) we can foridh on cbfod) dn OS siting under every DL) a P DG) Je New for cad onc 2, 2B v4, replied j by |! bul tt aH) 8 ol;,! \ Voom 1 center J Rams Sis a preerdun thy (iii) is nd Fillered paral ordars are usually called oigecteD63 Lemma A colepay GZ has all small colimobe ft has lhferte ard all filbered —colimaste, 7 of By 2) it suxffeces onsbuck all gral coperdarcke Gruen 4{A,| j maps ADA sc Ye chess any F2j and tabs map Ay >Hi 4, E> c has unquly duped os soy FF?) jp rleg FF, ) tm 4 a :\ comeraitey by 4 map) —>S FA teh Wide cemmubse as C a ethomck { . So maps A > are the Save al So C xa corona under 14; [jeo33 . And goer another caxere (A 2s (563) VE: 2! Lg Fs Pactorisituan 2h, Ef A Ere tary, Asa; , SoS! fecbnsaten CE 9 te » So Ca colin ag9 La Sa. Oo once 4 BUA th shpe come ith ll foe nde a se Ss flared. [concider E: [rie ge J Gj) 300), EYP (Bij) pt (a, oe G, gl— > g, (a hgh) Clam Wi: edbins EC, j) 06 a suiglalon _(apnad on cofock in st) Prag colims Ep = ILS a6, 9) Ame bans mare Soy (ue7 (0) (te (na 4jS~ (nats ¥) x Uy It AY IX | eke 8 GEPEGEP Lt Now ¥ (10) 4) : have 01) boa dD! Cady =f = ——— 9° thoy ~F lle oe i 50 by vansshie UY fp ffl —Herer “colims Elij) 2 gel : Nao Ling. colions Efi) * pix TE tins) [WOW Der la)= Se the cmndikin Did) =u alamystre os st dine) Tig - Urge ahimg€ is tf a Strgleton in partrular non-emply 12 coling lim E oven af typos Bean = LD linyek /— Ach hima E #p- WhtaSo In lime) 2 Aye r Teo), HF LBW: nee? = ugh 50 AL” have x ieP2P a Machen ae mo on 4% we: eh) st NV (SB r)emeI wy — Ss _ a x epBaace ques Oo eececone under D omace 2 Gruilhima’s nis omplacsthus belle ) / FWe wart celuims Ling = limzccling for I fenile ) | ee columns [5,51 —> St 40 prresene ferrule (ividly le knew Sf has Wowiels @ 50 (uct I) [5 St] ctees Ge eee «presences Bmiinel shjecke & pullbacks. Tomes cade ah I Anse Ere welomant set ~ > Icey Hs istemmanal in ['5,StT unique am Spy bees of; )-*feh wee) Prd terminal cbjoda are wnigue (up b vson) 50 consider this only. Ids edu Us (UCTIO) Aig CP Lx here + gerard “hy, eb Fe bem xd AMo=b rp Og) Ly) Cesm + colin Diy ts « Singloten Vee. "ty Aug) 4a suightln ; co we work arb Vac Ogg), d be Bas y) fs By Ss flared 50 6264) have = D5 fr 22m S fa IF 2 (45 A) g singin) 0.) (@) = BL) ab Here ccm Arey is termunal on Sot 4 ° Pullbacks : gos PTZ 8 in [52] if | (so AC, 8, P hereto SA) G s0can consider sabe AG), Pietm4cud 3 } | ) t 8 Consider the merphuim, ccling?— Q from US ,o1 hawe Py) —> AG) —> coliing A piab) > a b> [2] & cquirelene Less | aaa Fr acAG), be BG) > maps Wrouge By) Ukewiee | gong YU) —> Qede | (ab) — (La), (61) $0_cclim, P —>Q (6,61 (fel 61) 60 (oukemadrcally webl-de/ ) We will show Bis on cseom; jst biped then done ) Mlafedbace tate (g,4)], Caged] st Ula], (41) = Clee], p21) te & [al=lefl [ol= 2] gral 2 dso (UCT \0P7) ane 1 Si, st AY D(a)=AY, Mla, ) AG) AG) aA Likeurse —_b, tb so hase Sh; 4K HX BG,)(b)= BG) &) bth) Bw) jah. re > y coe jo hy form aexere undur the degra N“. BMI hy 3, Ne y St ames Jo 2G ; Pad ck We will talus. cP Guy Xe, 4) From hss (Ca, b,) 1+ [leg b 1 cn cling P so done weak shew %,, Pf, ) ab) = Xj ed Mee 4) Bifor Bi, cbowise Cte Pla dha, b,)= Ca; Plag a, 6), bie PC ~..2) $0 done Prd BP oA Ne, ) OO), Ka,b,) neburalily of = AGA) GG) ef" oo FAA) (4) Bh feruber FAKIAG) (,) by eq abeve | = Xj, Pi A,) (a, 6) by abe Oy reese | . Fer Bij, (chow L » BSatadiie! gure ({aI [b]) ) | ecb) a ecimat come not. We must show that (0G) 51 | jebS) ba ceunt aren o. Shirk we hereto show it isa cone, ter for which ct suffers fo make L indo amamber f.te by difurg an %-gructive rt, apd destin He are Alay Kept Leigh) 2819 Ve IR a pv4aiq S | | Clasim’: Vane (U0G)" 390" (0 cb 5) os a eclsrik cn Sa: ae - Fags L? = (dim, Ur)” Bits raising to" 4 @ 30a, lm f= elim U0" by 64 as Sfibred a Gian oo an n-ary A-opertleon, we wrk te dopure Lon L Wawe Wied S: DG)< Ad 20 cg PY)" —> 0G) is darfenad UoG)" eye OG) 1 Sb ——we_ 5 - | bee $0 -Uuis rduces og unique mop 2) L°—>L Athk rood thew maps to sakisfy tu agecthcire propescierns f+, say for rarmple need wy, 20! Given (a,,0,)€2°: WEAK Tedd, (1-2 0G) deo | EX (Gu. = (ey. 00) } Caine 1" 0 edimict , ina urion gf the 06)" ) 50 ey ln. , An) QO" O4,..,24)) a HDi (egy Cr. 4 29) by deargram obove 2d (ag, Gua) as tagy) 4 member Ick Ca Nea ces) (Se ow 02, do indosd rendu Lb a rember fb And by he diagram ahece the Dd, are Arhoms , co (GG) 4 Lies) Ka were wn dig acted oe nad cotone be « eclunt Gucen 1G) naw | af \i We gt LAG St tthe dager commaley | we wark 4 to bean A-hem. LA Gin a2 an b-opendein; ay lx]. be] Nn oe a Hifi bi tt cree =1—1 114cu4 7 Than lime (NN) =f (as any attempt map ® a port in seme WL is suxpt auray hy the Ww te Wf) lims (211) = 7 : {$0 thing lig 2 = coking {of § = 2 Code ihe « cepreduck) | ar | : NO) = a 60h; edim, N= lims( 11) = I OP fan F Sak —» Gis Fintasy if € presenes bared clone 68 Balerwna Ldé FSt—~Z eA Than F is deleemined (up & isernreipluan ) by F Iso (Ste 4 the full subcalegoy pf fre: Sols) Pag bh Ts Stk, Pt be wrelsion { umsider Shy as a semall caliper bey | & SRelitten, J “e TIA, udwich has cyeda (IB*7A) and nar remiss GP Nn) A Act, ths is He dual ALT Cy.us,5) | Nip Nao Sty hes and F preanes finde eclimche, so. by alual f ‘10 ILA has finite uolimnds. In percnbar et is fillared _ [Chain : A ie the climnit f (WA) st, at Fag: colim T= JL Tuy) A coher TOT Ge TOG Laney a L0CBp) 1+ bye TH0¢, 5) a FI xT aN in SE sk Ale) ly) uF hgh ye Te (Uc io$as TUA fblaned )4cad ge e @: clin IU —> A ae wll howd us os bywdkere [acre pte) hence on Gm then dome. wll def: Gls [yl 4 haven) By) 05m dedyram chee 9g 00) = Sl) =hA@) = bat hBly~g y)= 8) 5 gern SH =4'y) soy LCA xe LUBA) y 27 LB) or G02) ad approprtte (uel! dof af = 4 )) ond BB 0 CSP Urdicein maps. Than OHM TVA ond ale 26) so fe] = [yl ject: gorn oA set B= fal faa Thun bO(leI)= 4 ta) Thin FA) ~E (dim yy LU) = tdlimyyy PIU 0s F finery » T1A filled | = cddinzin Fl 0 doimained 64 Fleet, 4 cht Phase filtred colince xdetthon (sy, 0.12 [etc] bagi FiSdy—& hase canonical extonsim Gb — Pages sean A crdingy FU Gr 1, U as Saghar) c eS A | (Ue Aes wa a Oy partreular; 1 injackne Se ue hewe an equirsalence pice etn cadegon ae a | Conobaction : a Than U4 St erent nas 2 Gf adpcick the foe Freer Fok by grecalisalin gf 3204), And He adpunchion ig ___, menadic by gararalischem # Ca) SATE UP Ge fanclar pak ¥ the mumad oe PU preserves fired | celine by 6SG)Be BRUT. Co —__| > F preserves all celimitt by dual 1 Cl fh is conght) So pense fic cxsinct ae Pethay— ns4044 10 Goan ApdeT: Bh G, xh regard his an fin thea (4,4) 20) = (ae TH) lw) } Claim | rey algebra. hom Ka5G ps) wa hem. crt Gis eperction 2 Org cog (9), 1G Aa) = cong af) =, =(he . Tbe) dX = (g2x2F) la) as gan algebses hom - = 9 (ay «) & zy (un (x,... 20) ery v Now we shall establish eyuckions boven ou 03 es 1 etn fir Ta, f=, G) seme jx am Wf: 2-9): Con E) = (axe TH) (wy) = lac Fey, dW) = (ao ms4 DG) netweldy oxy = Iyef =f by © E(u.53) G0 Gy... mn) =X} prtfeckein orks the i* 2, Compas Pr Na Yate ee sh Y= (Yr) 2 To SAS = pn TK (2) €T im Thank fein 9A): S(4)> (ime Te Ua))y &) = 9 Thyme TK (wo) = ory Tho Th lw) 5 nalurl aT? THY TK lw) w® aT aoe) (wo) | ey, (oor Yok) | = om (ol WY)),. 0% Yad) = G4 (Yin Pores Yor A) cempeniteén We have sean tak Binns mabir f SA” ctoays hee equediens, (unprred) Aslh this shucue ; for << TA ue deeaocan fod ) bfin SA and wet A x= TE). Dye nllnanl/) and we gt Bale sd", ) oon4cl20 1 ZA 71 20 Tage Giga Lt ASB » G. Fhe fn imaGe Gf sa subebfock I>oe ahah £ frdters ; and st fr any the I'>~93 Prong shih fate uehee msm’ « TT x, Lo peace Nee: tus mop IT! is unique as mis manic Sogien TASB &T/ > 213 beth oy mags FL we have JSST’ Unga ~ so unages are Uriqua up t isomonahiem. Ng Lemma het Tbe comple & well-pervered (9) Then ck has unages Prt Cass “DD Cre he {Hote | eS] Hom Bas Cone Tae Seta ty a Gough [; ae Haare « cone Ad, 63) over (B 1S {TPs Fl map ALPS t DG, NGG 50 f Paks through S#°>B Cavin) SA5B is mone tho ek TPS St A= de 2 ary mA h= my Ak DN djhHAR as Hy ron So hbk defers the seume come cer AGSTS fm 3), seo h=k So have S>258 Wough chi £ factor, ; dd by comsbouclean Mys Mk, (vie tHe 2), Ss4a20 2 Zz y ; _ Peprihsen H te imoge GASB x Ip; we say fis 6 COVER. Nite goer Tr Borge PAB s0y in ABI i 1B a a ee - st-Th = (as GPS Cam ‘Ai —*r gl s 2 coer Frof US >A71 through whith ¢ factor, say y=nh Tran SB so mimn, $0 3 map LE 173 conmuiking Lut gh. Son kK an item so Iz én epic ASR ig STRONG EPL of —72Lemare heh Ge hewe Finite: lini Then carer shrong opie tege Guin Ag story opie, 1 >A thaigh chick L farlors A—— >I Te BLT st mt=1g t vw in Splek epic Brmonie 0. (52) ge HS]; ae og on of. 6, anne Pee200 3 ) % P Cyn ASB a coer tf spies legion ABBE Gf ong é € tole Go equalizer J V4.9), 50 ok fester omugh Se (as fa ewer, e monic) eis an ison gah kamen r yiee| Fam the pullback as g ON A i pmo ly vq Howe AAP Az pl=4 50 (us xa caer) pis bo So form Bsc and we ore dere a 75 bbany Lk ras Zhan Lager Eo fride Unily 12 @ 3,2] U4) -— A —_ Nf ASB Ax 16 I-v vt [NL NIE eed tage to be neque a NP TSB map as A] sory qpre ae by 72 a wnique ct both emall squeres Conmnke This befurssa furrvter (2,2J—(3,%1 Cheare fanceral by wniquoves Defrcheom Tes & REGULAR CATEGORY fb has fire Linke and unaggtt and— 443.0), 4 2ta), @2ld) St ras finde limcke ne: ta) Olt & el Te LZ yx PUREE CORES. Than Gs regular y Prgf: By Sel) Gq” Tt pee fda nite, 0 T" has Gum Given (Aa) (8, 6) in Z™; wark ft hae an imege = & ae (72) \ - ANI Fae Sy fay AEP TSE 5 6 ok both squares commuctd Fam A&I >> p Ge _inage un G_ Considar hh [OPTI = 1s | am: (Ti) € ob &™ — Krush: © lore= LT) My. 2k naka a 5 a}, ___by (Preraifion a ) a — by @ fr AX) oo = ik 5 Te epee oe | O my. = 4m) ae by abet _ a a = Bye Tim) a5 ja nekural a = SUT) my © for (6,8) A ly faba - - mT) by abe CT) as mene > un, : So we hane (Ax) —=3(T, 1) >> & 2) 4m mis menic a B™ because hd ismenic in & } To show mis the unage F fin 2", we rood ty shine ks bo Leesk subolsfosk, a a - 4-32), oe 4UAd) sok ic re 3 eaty we are __| cna Danny on SE cufechine us stable under pullbeck UW077)Fen rrvoie in E> te emel past (Le, Le) Wet 1) 29 be awa pair cs Uz, Le) in & Lars (A) GEM pats nd) — Dinmmicint (wert) — So,a5m isthe image Af in Te jAhwe is a ments Jaoz ath age = mi > 2 Time BCO)G)= nF) ge = 3 Cry) Sous 6 a menphism in Zo" so min pre ypc a nbck x) BBA) @ crete in Te dam: £5 @ coer G_ Pregl: Fom d inege ot in Z. Ban a Lm 4 the spe f fio am ume id ASPB & fata pulldek —(C,1) > 5) = pb 7 7 4) —29 Gp Be - Hoc Sop, Ge gree repuloy caegey - - Clauin§ g 5 a corer in GT yee ee S079 ingens = ith omg 4 = pill Ove Weegulac, BD. any cology. Thin (4, Bia regular hep = / pe hinite imate * by WALES] a a - > Inages given Fo¢ «4 feo] VACA haxe vnage — FAP GA_ ey 74120 6 é > Fe pS on Te A— > IA p> ta fm If as in 73 re] a | by uncquarass thes malbos Ta frncker ee And os the squares commute = this makes p bm natoyal Gunrsfrmotns By OTIS mia prone sour heave f Por ms 4 fe, 1 | u TV rtoaq Ho by UCTIS Whech&: my i mance Side dimen , have TAs = ada Tar : Fr ASB in Te we howe mig Lf gy = G/omi Sn asm’ rrctoval = Gfemy = mye Tf os m_notwal = ma? Gg°Tf > Lhe n> Gu° Tf soy 4 nedurel Somém’ « 16,2] Hence ma is He image of Griren fa corer [0,3], Gg « mw: “Than by SCTU WA: fl sa pullback of gu So fa corer Dim id > VA (na = eG) i Phra care Dy a coer > Ga corer. a () tp has umages ; thal f fx Y is £00 —tapclapscd ws a qurctisnt Wot, Spee Space of X. Hewere- quotint maps arenet Stabe unde-pullback so poe Lop init regular. However Tip? s cegular He ceunage ££) Dee ee are4clai 4 4 D We awe the unit il PY j applying ih f ide pes iy Se idy cx Sub (A) a. te a one SF le? ee ek ae Fam rs \ IT CIS Df" Ye idy i moni | Cs Hence ((Sp2) £*Y ida is iso Hence (UCTIS) ere 6 a maya Bron kt (pids)eg =f PRED A Sa fps he id, eee FZ we fm LA a. amap id, +o f%m & SublA) * lrg te ining mop ida t mc» subepe) is so (vida) &m ON pellback a wth mop f ig So by UCTI8 fm is ive > 6 oe oh Sa Q7 btm in Sh A)gaat | y —Ladeginy Theary Leche ZL Lek Te hawt pula BO 4 Thin Hho KERNEL PAIR of APR os the pullback PFA oNé 7.6 Theorem a - Let Ton 2 : Ahan care c reguadar opaic (15) y = oe a BB regular epic > shang epic (Shack | gu) 2? corer (7-2) _ . P Gractn AGB a cover, eke RAZA de keel pur; we will shew that £ is a coequalisw f (a,b) ° Ceaaty fate *Guien RHA —— c sk _go=gb Fone APB ancl che brrage bso4aal 2 We unll shew Yak h ts monic Than hae £,a corer, facloring Bough %, $0 h iso, Then (kbi') «f= ky = 4 50g faclon tog, £ [Get Pate unpala 2) fis epic Se weare dere L So sig. geen D1 hk bleh: we wank Lem (Clase TMD (a,b) ca « cone Pag: Whe will shaw AxZ —%s 747 | / [> A _— +++ I os esas Alm deve as g a corer & corers stable unde pullback Grier af ve Ah gxanlyel=y “Than nc 2B commudet iff ax BT Ete ax b G12) («flely2) & y= 9% & faz [ss 2) ee such map al Chasm (1a, gy) ts a corre (ref: Ubararise ) Se@By VTS Yo composihen ¥ shong epee Se 72) 384 = Lin, Tp) lag) emrpeny Fess is a carer Form epr P b «s| Sopa coer, hanw 6 ace aes fe= nyralhljes (mp = hys =/s So. oy =A BEEBR IER sk abar bes [her *\ Nao hya=fa =fb=hyb kga> ya =gh> kyb , A a Se qa =yb as (hk) moe lee gr= gat = ybb= yssmp 2 lem as pepe BED421 3 3 Rornark From he prof; ino any Remel pair RAPM has o coequnaliser . pen celeyey ~ Note Ue fallowiny prqortes fa Renal por RPA; Sei more | Cg RSA is meric) Fee ok SPR AA ct ake al, bLe-bL hen sR >A [Sse $2 REL dofore Yor sama core ove PayZP ft S| 4 —6 (Reecexwe oe Jao kara br= In @ Ro “ “2 Vik A fados A-PaR A —*>p 2 SYMMETRIC ie 1 RR X_aseh bs=a fof: R—*sA pee a } A A> 6 STRANSITHINE ca. piper finrrisg oa Ir At Js tof eau_, bt=by K—>A fe R—=a 15 a4 a bale Love A — Fb A paral pair uth Hose four armours is cabled an EQUIVALENCE RELATION, Sour have just shown dRartrat a Rumel pair icon equnalence relabicr4a + ¢ ong 4: Bi regular cabegeny Le 5 EFFECTIVE REGUUR EXACT Wh THE SENSE OF OMRR every equinalinis relation is a Ramel pair 7 28 Bampls a) St is regular 2 Lak ROTAA ie. REAKA an equivalure olen — &=2, b=%e is isan equiralance reledean inthe usiek sense as aan 7 Reftome > have :APR st ~r =r, -id , xnsid ) se xx) © R eeflense 7 Symmetric have s'R—-R_ st, Gay) = mlay=y Si ug)ax m 28 G.gy,x) oR symmdtne 7 Transeo tite pulllack ¥ RR yr %, & MGy) Wy MeRe | ger'f = dh ui ROR plete *clesmart re RiR>R seb 2“ Be JE TOR € bru, 4 j0 lay y)oGy) —R , So ur cen fom Ho quetent AR Than R>—7AYA the Roweh pair ff AIA/R as pullback fA 9% {62,y) fry) Ara | xy} -R b) Cateyener menadic oer St (eg Gp, Bag , Mek eck.) ore efferctve aargular Sina Ye fogeltl punitor fo Sk ceeds both cequalites eyuiralunie peledions kamal pass Soren <) Catagory ‘phn, ff tsim free Abelian groups bs ren efffeduce eepulur, Regular by 7 SUL) buck for G={ (0,8) e222 | ab met rt Uy GZ on cquisalerea relelum-thae nk a emel pass Ae i ®4un 5 Ss 1 Doffrehuon a a Suubog, (AD 4= Saba) athe pre-orlic of subchjeck of M for heb — ef a sabato, so eects ant aps “off NAb Heindiusion Sub(Al>& phase : ppc ats whith we call im a a Pras Be Yo Have T:SubA) 9 A inclusion _ Dofia & aaa (6258) —— ORs Bee. = a 6 o> ya gf! (aly) - “mg. and g(g"h) = g(hp) = = has te fartorsation 4 unique = So 6 bs inded byedlive BO OS — Now we mast chock + is neckeral OB a _ Gricen BCA) pg Ale ola Depa’) Se NA Say 2B 1 AL Reise a,ava he ikeg idjozy€ Sub ( Sa(822, Su B.6)) — PS MUseod< BA), In BA 50 We haxe Bmw yp Oo OC bllge, _ ard Saghf poston pooughaf ON SS4GcLy 7 ) hn te Pausace rca £* 2% —? %A (eB) A 3 F | c—46 | cud f tA (s ee L . | Us CPCB UeT4) Fircdonal on derby: C wT | an) re | , J by Vetis % Cats - | c ) om eemyposition «by UCTI4 exgain Defcon, Coin N58, Dy FA —> (cA) ¥. _ Cony G A J (134) (Ss) y Lemma ) bak Z have pullboks, AB int, Then F—ae* lof 5 : ats Defre $: 7 (Kp), H(¥*38)) > % (3 (toa), C298) xq Ds SRA RE? W4)%k th Sie |e aS Yap 6 ¥ | + And quien XY Hem Sf Nf ie a someone NtGccy 8 | ee AG ek ene ae OC Piet Lo resknale ya chances Set at at plat (Presence menemenchians 4 (UCT? )— - st : a 4) |Z aa images ra Vainio Seb (B)—>Sub A) has ifleljese Yo Oo We hase Sub) — 4 Fy which has lft adjink 4 => %% > sub (G) a MAGE BL ae Thar > ee can pees mardefy slighty ke a frock Su(8) 5 Sub) arth fe adjert— Sub) — %A "ap ent ee stip) a S Nele idy= A*idg ucts) a ) Fpidy < Sub (B) cil be our candactate scant _ We fist sheer f factions —rowgh b>Lepircbin LAL brane finite limile A, eeb& A RELATION ee is a subchjek f AY; a, a farky “mami pair “f “ le Alesse “We dinate 6 relalion by A> 8 and call a ipresenbcon fk ase gf AxB a TABURLATION ~ LAT oso hawe’ unages a a rr anna A+s6 unl, BAS by Foaming the > pulled vy and tren He tmaye F Tie Arc or 10 Thserem Lak. % have firile Uimike & ionege pe rpanion felis is atsectlaie fis epee (a. ff cores we stable under pullback) Fag € LN, es Ly SS YX )4CL22 2 hue: de U i coated as BC 1 oN —_{|— ‘NaN na f SS F Gk be keh*y by fais 9, “50 UV (up -e dem) cara ort sable indie pullback sata map MVS corer, so tema $f (FY) 5 the same osthel So He for mothodr gore Ye samo result — b alse gos the nage 9 U, se Tr > Given ee te tek AL mpi _ Fm 4 ON, 1 He - DRL NLS, Pmt Comair fot \%) 94UI23 DB AL sen by Y LEX ae <@yct m but BxL SB (WTC) and Lic a cover 50 Y,!) 5 a.cover and the uinage is Bxf 22.861 FeO we ned og 9 ot ) we Ww Bel CNX, Aati2ds Ax tea a A y Loe: UX NAN. “im pulla , rape T eae ees | oop) ) wage WONG Caton ais oar ef: gseen SPI ck ol =am “Le ol Pbl= gal= game/bm 7 bl=bm asfa carr 0 Seep (77) so (o,b)L= (a,b)m ushante Lm as (e,b) mong Se (et) 4 meric (UCTI6) and de o i“ eld Se a \e = (Xp g- Kipde of yi sea =id (up don) ) Hence p= ac= C Wa corer aeGEL | q — See Caan aan at - ALA (fs }r — ZN, ) —— (15202, > Finally wwe hare a partial order on sctelfeedt EAE mepphiamy — A+B im RAZ) the suleetajecks pf ArB. _ (a. (R>Ax6) < Se a - a Clam. comporiion is order preserving ZT { Bf Sky Mo Xb oAy- st sigee Rar a Pre conga Oe | det bathe nape WN SH ws eh | the m= ee a 2 Fr ——————— - iN rap GL gawemaks 1L>nB Ss Subehjok f AX Hoougy tach | Dx iceute, re AKG So, as Sie te image, thure is a map S—> - Ly So hh Qa or PRL) is locally small (a. gf is wall powered) thin we crc a 394 te Yoda, fit GIT RALT) ik fer Vong — Me Pegehl food Fost —> Sa Oe 7. L emma - — oe Led Ze bea regular categery_, A-z* - Z A ts B - 6. . Than we take He image gf RAY ae 7 Buk thie also fectog 2 RP AB >be 90 ~haw x cmmep frm te image to So fb°S ily Ro a INT Fam pullbeck P peel f £4 b a or sk Cis id)d= (qb) Os Dasdebo a 6 s_ gp zacebe = - - : cogptacthe =99 abso fpafy Gag)p= G.g)y 50 poy 05 Y,g)_ marie Hence te kero pair £« (pp) so vcTt) fs mong4.22. 7| Zz | ON. fake _pullbeck NZD At pbRr ea - Nao (p, y)ithe kemol pai f g so 7 (l2/p3) bt opt ee re prape aid So Q | us, a — ) (chasm: a image 76 Ax Gta, ida) Ord (A R403 SPSRA te bo wnage of te) nee St=s't Ds=s' as t epic nh Sis men (as sk=slo(s ke (s.s)L > k= 1) So we have x (bay isbn) Root AA ee and weare guren that fis a care, so 5 is an om - so Cd ila) ce Vecrnmmpluc 4 (5,5) se Opis He oneg KS) BA — Bld GAPL SPA he the craze VoHy) So R——2e 2 ) A— >] (2,6) uth or farborss /) GS Zany se have AT AYA AH (0,6) g =Gada jd) so Ins gy 3 Bin a fd0 2 fuk © f£ 0 exer Bone @ Lege & dpe A4c23 | t 5 Gate gery Thtny Lective 2S. lt Z,2 regular cotegones. Than farcer FGDs REGWAR ft presenes finite lime and cores, Lernena ; |. Let regular, Ax. “Then “A is 2. Lek Ze regular, ASR in Zhen f" "A is reguler ans Ne Aiaglyh Y consider eli OSG __ given by D ~epethar welsh Mile A as an ojo and all the 2, tr je 43 as 5 Farm the limk L gO in Ze; logs (>; | ( (6,5; 6% 50 we have acorn A. Prd guven any Ber SRE in %m, erdanlp ch bon core over Din & and we see that “ck faittirs Wvough L (andthe factorng may sin A), eb aete by UCT20 thal monicin& 2 rnc in GA, Giver (6,2) —49 (6, ¥) i 2 taka Ue image I>to c ne, and fom this vite (1, ¥m) in %A 7 Be Kas nett Yonlp= Ye =/ yer ” 52, p are meyphisens 9 ZA AS? a So mts monic in @/A ucith fYfacbaring through obGag 2 > Naw. gusen SY) >29 (GY) bin TA Brough hui £ jcbon, We howe SJ n&, a [is an image » & bith me=n__se Ym le= Yn and _c €mer (%) é > covers table under We hawe just chsened that mages arethe samen & and YZ Hence caress are alsothe sume. Prk by STII pullbacks are the same. $e the result fellows as cores are sterble under pullback in & Lomf* presences conus as covers are Hable under pullback ur Z ) OP presences finite, rida as\(21p7) it has a tot adgoik Jp Hon opplying 712 Lemma Leb Ee regular ¢#%/a —>% refeca vos ff f 4 « corer Ot ienf os @ memphis EB PAE, sn Y fades tough £ 0s shown eae I So by UTIS F*linf? is an diem And feof Gms sof. is on Gorn; Day? 8 aye aif se 4 ewer | Fok shes vos Coc’ meg lon im te ise “4 PO Fm PTA bl C+ >c’ —>B N&otha fis acoer ond G so PPC &s a cover Now fim os so so by UTIS. we hawe a map £—>C j $0.05 Pc WOE Ys a corer then mis bo423 3| Claim gf ia fatlgal Lupe sie) - Pa: goer Gy) 3 (08) mn %as ct £MG) = aft) ako. “equaliser (E,2) £9 (6): thes ig preserved bye? asireguclar $e we hawe, fe ¢) Hee SPY sre: 8) eget — Buk £5 “fh. et id 80% tn tem —EeEEE L And 2 ts monic so by the carlin cugusmect @ ts an erm feo gn ga ge APS 559, we shall saws 3 oO 2 Sty) gin) = Pig An afin gy ment : a — Dh=k (up be ison) aaa a 78 init 4 ya OS tea he AschZ is WEL-SUPPORTED PAI] sacow, St Tews ‘Re RU abc Ff well sported fests oS “Than Te is CANAL Y 1 6 @ dotuber & for Coss a [ence (262) L being w detector means: nize: 116) mite fooling Une WArSG uanlh B ¢ More epucl thn | 4 Vine @) ip Sexe gts pp ecre - Wyn so he leak a SO a _ Se aa raps DC are unudus » 50 CPL monic | 5972 des is Hoong. opie 50 (OCT I7, (Sp?) hts ise. so Cotemnuinal : Piece wo nck tan tonsil aod As A mnie id ef 2 (id id)25 2G, elyg) = J — = "nck om : ele A EES AA theese Bo ork - —qe, S| iS 22 pln poate BS 2 AxB) ‘¢ ae A(Lay a a aA I ZULA): ZB) | Ferace wt hae 12Bq 4 Sb, : 50 defrre OC) = (9,6), 9,@)) : =e this. yes. 0 unique fecloisadain § So @U,AxB) _ o> Preserves equradisees : CO - (1,0) 4G2) Zee _ 6am 6 Ly KUN ZEUS) oo iy Ss aay PrxeS CH foOx = ZL) (9)(x)= Zig) (OG se £4 2 B Lc Be This gi0t S~H EAE); (Blt,e) =f MI="ehe) = erm Re) f= O algun ferctorisclem dele sd) ZU, sian aan - b> Frese. caus - _W(1—»8) « @ (4,68) frtlor they, AS x0 & a) 8 2G a Heres (KT, 7-2) Hs a covers a Heme Z(L,=) regular ae4elo4 | i Cotsen Theos Lecture 24 lk ha regular celigony. A BASG (in is a fini Unk of coll” spel BSc member f& B in © (net neessarly in Banenky @:= ea A ees 5 a faretor“ Me emmerphien: ae. ot takes » a We have a combornnarct fardtor 1! BZ given by § TB z oe o a Ci) > BB ar A) geen by Ay B Hee @ peseeteb | Ga? A> f-— fF" orn + abil474 2.) 2 2 Ya morphisms PAL) —> BA //) are pais (Cg) where Cis « base combewnung BEE a and 9 5 amopahiom THIESC)G) TM REVY on ype a t - — a oa | wana qe ee fd oN — AF ome : ) Madale + CE, g) eto (C4) a FAC” caortaining C&C’ & ESE MG) = TEs CF (y) ° Comprchim: Given Cy : : : Bag) nay) @-41B) + Pay el Se" | J, ng | Ad - 7 id ay Net ‘i RA T A dn | This xs: ~ ie A Nf | o> fall: coor ) Padhfel doar (as vamphitons in 23181 musk be gpd. aver B?) 9 esserdially Surfeckre “ giuren (B", AS) (BPA PIA) and (Bd if) cs nthe image f 2A? Here by V9 we have an eqpeinraleyrce a of Lemma - = vcore sO regular, oc ave the inclusion farctrstag (6S =a [2°] tnt. og “irallwle have Ziq (@S © & Aw (fe pe TBsC)) Yon'hom’ by (23pl _ BPR E/rB Zin Z1(c] GSTB) > Bag) > (Pas)? Cpr e's) Cana) > @,4) = (2, prg)424 4 4 > ) ond %/T18 Z/ne ZZ] GQS1e) K> GALE?) ee ph pr AA Gif) pty = _ Ce, Py) a 3 Refleke ises : Ye rvdusion Zunckors comespend Te 6 2)* se by 712 t supper te show that the TB SC) are cars. Wey B28 B= (6, ao) S26, 1%,0), (BYE ond 72 te oe fusus is a corer) ReeLognino Ye clumards of o base are well -supporad so 6-01 By UCR) have pullback EE. ; 4 TE aT xe = | MBE) ¢ —— 1 So as covers are Sable under pullback oo &,; TBST) gacav A Lemna Zz is regular, a5 are the inclusion funstors Za (PI Zz; and thy fle ors fag 4. Zy cs he dajeded union of the Ge (1 97 fiche Uinmalt,” guen a finite diagram in Gy, tela © sk the dvagrony lies in Tex (BT and fom tha iis the, This is clearly a cone iy Zz Gin anvethar cont over the Lagram io Gz, tke BP >B aetbesk Ais come liss in %1 (81 The ndusim By [EI Ef) _presenves fide Unies 10 aes « farkorrsation ofthis core Hrorg Ln Zr) and hanca Zz. The factanseckion must be unue. else fale Tr (E] conbaining tan debi falensatien and #1 a limi on Me (EL. |e Serie MgTiO T presences jpile. mats aDGury ”| 5 5\- Sic had image by very ee Rm Dc ae a by the nel move “als Viton fin Zip, tak EE ETE Chae Nw a i ne take HB >R Esl) Soin %_ [0'] Shwe is a map Esto mabig Budi a inf 2g = imi uhh Us monic so (Bx Shack | Qu S gis meni gent =r wilh zx’ pegctemep epic and (7-6) 1 epee spe | 50 (dual ¢ Ex shack | gu Sli) ge regalo opie [ene Oo en > Coats are_stacle-ssndur pullback in Teg frm the | ca (Wty steered omages wages and herce cows a a fa contr, poke corkasrung Hh wd He result feller, “> penis cscs GAB BADe COREL EG — Caieen fin Zl] an tsem in Giz, ive have Loin Gr, se take BP 2B cordaaning fo get fan trem in CyB] Thar BI AE (BP) reflec isems 50 of Keapan item % Cy 12). 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Sag2 1 —hddup de terrendhism, — S| An ay darahnce craplae all Linke @) Gog Lek 0 8:6F—9 Le natural icon Z - Gh O5—>Z_deapram - a en GL nk ee eS Gy) eoy) tg | eee Te —— Erallly (OCT) ar equuralenrce Us ead pind Ga) —thfeenione preserve all Uinckt.ats sh | Fak, sucfookue => shorg t =Funal us => (ck A—ste 7) B—»+b Wb¢ shong epic Gries A ——p BIB 0 5 SF, sooyqpc 4p iG so Ic—p Hs fe vhmg ore & a es commie / 7 < m <<Ure & xyz DY) Ga) A TOBY, (k-th) POCHPG)Y) LA tek Brhave blinds f rape 5. Then [6,21] lomike Af shaaoS Rf Ge o3—(epbl eNO: 3G Ph (Wag he, VAcab 2 hane Og ( A): 5B; fom de lot LytehD Now have A: | Dd. a fouls, son & Bl a. Ly 4>bG,a)WTS Ss alin p<. Sha small Ht indof ce Troy Le Me Sb demerS pea b cetin D Se cS bere us He banschie desire Ff: (ee DOP (ye pi Li DEN (x)= O&Ny) - Co cK) if {Se 2 7 Nay: s filtered then WEG gures (x€10G)) (406) (ze pid) pH i NE eth PHG)=PG)y) —_DlAYy)= lee) Sn ea a [eg ee eee eae vee AS ea : — 4 and Daa, Xe) B(ag)y) =D(bh\y)=De)@) = = a $04 [ | $0 he tansshie closure rn ataaatedly— In parbcular (a e0ti)) (yen) y 7 'S, GH DO Ha Dy) a 2 let BRLEDD ae ime Grape. Sand FL. 2D creakethos, - Than F paresenes lim oe hee Frag gen OSE okdh (WL) ) a lent | _ Ye fie tee $0 UOT Bhat «limits and Facets lim —— a aes see lick (mt BG) in mapping lo wide lmnt - _ en DG), mB, Now (imide are wuqae up te isemaphiin 52 he 50 item L Sey this mages te an som (FL a LEM) in BS wrchin. We row FA is a Gowk FL ix also : - a Tlie Rearse peeps reawns BLA AD hawtpullndts AG GD pe mis monte Gf Whecb%mgismenie \ rag bg eee eed to > haces Cait) as one’s Remel pairLA=FA > Lf= Ff 0 _LeF, a-Si t re ee ( Piytim m monic, LF WALA FA a — K=6rid > VA mm =id ane a GLA L be farmninal chjeck an, Acob%. Then Al2A eg Tako Ax ea A thon re 2 lid > tly no a Ga ome aWT FT Te | O17 Spl: menue my _ Up Regular evorve. vy ExShast | yu. + Strong menwe ns : ; [aon epee Rouse i8.Let {, mene. Take pulled 2 P*—>C ~y | h a |s Cement) “ R Sf 56 Then kis iso pf TO-So) ot Al=y Cot tie have gong over A ©, 50 thus factors rough F, 2 fey Ng Pc. Then ke=id 50k is galik epee, Hence ((5p2.) kis 40 & “et L= hk” ° 14, Leb Ze have pullbacks, Acchle / “then Ea has pullback, and -tey arecthe save atin Ze flaf- Given (18,4) (cy) Z: os) , an C/A a Ze eye jeullback 4 aN p Ya +B —z—7b | Ate Nike be = Shp Seger S5y= Vo, \ \- a OC OO a “| go mabe P lp a rembee (Pe) of 2A wih 701= Bo and thn = a Pandy ore beth erphions on ZA Se we bawea cone in A G,) Oo a a pee ee anes a na fez 9 tis n& gr Qo —o ag foe Heat fats A a