&t ding thic (BDT) 1a mot cong cu dé gidi nhiéu dang toin khéc nhau, dac biet [8 gidi phuong trinh va hé phyong trinh. Trong ham vi bai viet nay ching t0i xin gidi thigu céch van dung BDT dé gidi phuong trinh (PT) va he phuong trinh (HPT). DANG 1. Sit dung BDT dé tao ra tinh d6i nghich cia hai vé trong phuong trinh Phuong phdp. Ding BBT dé dénh gid hai vé (v€ tréi (VT) va vé phai (VP)) cia PT, gia sit thu duge VP> = = ee nate {V ans te A VISA VISA VT2A. Thi du 1. Gidi phuemg tinh vr-4+V6 1ox+27. Léigidi. DK 40 22) "8 nén 4x—4>0 hay x>1. Ap dung BDT Cauchy cho ba s6 duong ta duc We—4 = 3922-1) $2424 =x43 (11) Tir (10) va (11) suy ra 2x2 -11x +215 x43. Hay 2x? -12x +1850 ¢> 2%(r-3)' <0 <2 x=3. Thirlai ta duge x = 3 1a nghiem duy nhatt cia PT (10). i he phuong trinh a) Doi voi hé phuong trinh hai din # Thi du 5. Gidi he phuong trink fx? -2vt24y"=0 ay jet -2ver=0 (3) Loi gidi. Néu y = 0 thi tit PT (13) ta 06 x= 0. ‘Thay vao PT (12) ta duge 2 = 0 vo If. Vay y # 0, khi 46 coi PT (12) 18 PT bac hai an x, PT nay c6 nghiém khi va chi khi A= 1-20 @ ys-l a4) Tuong ty, coi PT (13) 1a PT bac hai an x, c6 nghigm khi va chi khi A'=1-y#20 > 12 y2-1. Két hgp véi (14) suy ra y=—I Thay vao PT (12) ta duge x = 1. Céc gid tri nay théa man PT (13). Vay HPT da cho cé nghi¢m duy nat (x;y) = (1:1). 0 ) Doi véi he phuang trinh ba din Thi du 6. Gidi hé phuamg trinh fvevaz=2 dv tdy—2ay4 2 Loi gidi. Coi z la tham $6. Viét HPT tren dudi xt y=2-2 dang sau{ | 442422 coe Khi d6 x, y fa nghigm cia PT bac hai én X X-Q-nx+E2Y 9 14 TOAN HOC 2 * Tusitye_Sé 402 12-2010) PT (14) c6 nghiém khi va chi khi (@-2 2 A=(2-29-4, 20 <> (2-220 ay=0. 0. Vay he c6 nghigm duy nhat (33952) = (030;2).0 DANG 4. Sir dung BBT dé tao ra sur sap 20,Wx nén xdy ra hai trudng hgp sau: 1) V6i y =0, khi d6 x Vay (iy32) 14 mot nghigm cla HPT, 2) Voi y > 0, suy raz >0 va.x > 0. Dé thay 2t x? 4122x nén -1. Ap dung BDT Bunyacovsky ta c6 (vetl + Lfytl +1vze1? S(+1+ Det lt ytl+z41=36 geDE THI CHON HOC SINH GIOI LOP 9 SeSoQ ULE ETE PA EID ocec (Théi gian lim bai: 150 phi) Cau 1. (2,5 diém) Giai hg phuzong trinb y? =(x+8)(x? +2) lox ~8y +16 = 5x? + 4xy— Cau 2. (2 diém) Tim tat ca cde s6 nguyén duong 7 cé tinh chat v6i mdi s6 nguyén 1é a mi a? to (ar bNb+ ee a) Cau 5. (1 diém) Méi 6 vudng don vj cia bang kich thuée 10X10 (10 dang, 10 c6t) duge ghi mot s6 nguyén duong khong vugt qué 10 sao cho bat Ki hai s6 nao ghi trong hai 6 chung mot canh véi mgi a,b,c > 0. hode hai 6 chung mét dinh cia bang 18 hai s6 nguyén 6 cing nhau. Chimg minh ring c6 s6 durge ghi it nhat 17 lan, TA MINH HIEU (GV Treing THC Yen Lac, Vinh Phiic) gidi thigu Suy ra eae igs pice Dau bing xiy ra khi va chi khi x= y=2=3, théa man PT tht hai cia HPT. Vay HPT c6 nghiém duy nhat (x; 33:3. DANG 6, Dur doan nghigm vat ching minh em duy nhat TE du 9 Gicii plume sinh 6 fio Loi gid, BK x<2. Nhin tay = ge nighigon cia PT. Ta ching minh nghifm ny Buy nt, oNtu texe2 thi [es [ao >2, 2 Yaa FY Suy ra VT > 4. — oneu xc tn [© <2: 10 <2 20) V2=x 3-x Suy ra VI'<4. 3-x Vay PT c6 nghiem duy nha x BALLAP AP DUNG Giai cae phuemg tinh va he phuemg tinh sau: 1 Ve=d +VI0= @S.x=6). 2 (®S.x=2) §. Vax—T+ v8 (DS.¥=05). : fogaoocal J Wyte TOAN HOC $8 402 12-2010) __* Cjusitre 3