Codin, 6 This is William Calley. Today he lives in obscurity in Col- umbus, Georgia, running his father-in-law’s jewellery busi- ness. But once he was Lieutenant Calley, villain and scapegoat, the only man found guilty after dozens of Amer- ican soldiers massacred almost 500 Vietnamese villagers. Were those men really following orders? Did their dire and maddening circumstances really explain what they did? And how could it be that Calley alone was convicted? Last year, two producers from Yorkshire Television embarked on an investigation that took them across America and to Viet- nam; they talked to the people who were at My Lai on March 16, 1968: to the killers, of whom there were fright- eningly many, and to the survivors, of whom there were frighteningly few. They discovered how those involved had been able to live with their memories. And they examined the contemporary reports and judicial investigations. What emerged was that the My Lai Story had been only half told. ‘What happened on that day was worse than we even sup- posed — the full extent of the mayhem as well as the dreadful catalogue of sexual brutality has been suppressed from that day to this. The cover-up was itself remarkable, burying examples of American goodness as well as brutality. York- shire Television’s First Tuesday film will be broadcast on ITV on May 2. Here we publish for the first time the pro- ducers’ account of that terrible day. It is the whole story, both vivid and horrifying. It makes very disturbing reading. We publish it for the truths it discloses about the evil of war and about what can happen when ordinary men lose all self- control. Those are truths which should never be suppressed Report by Michael Bilton and Kevin Sim Photographs by Frank PocklingtonHALF-TOLD STORYsl oe weeks “Barker Bas ‘andy had been beng 2 ‘ough time They had been Sutin the eld searching for fteaemy they acter found, “Triein February hey pt role locking fora particu ler unit =the 4th Vietcong Local Force Battalion They were given the run syound, and. Kept taking casualties, occasionally om stiper re, br most of their dead and injured came from miebelds od boobaps- "They were Chae Compas part of ttalionsize infty vie commended by LeCol Prank Barker They bad never eenin freight yetin seven weeks they fad four of their somber killed 2nd 38 wounded. They were geting more and ‘hove angry. Atfiet they woud gointo lagesand the cals woul beeen ~ he keds would come and eadge candy ot ‘en would bow thee heads deferential, ‘Not ong afer they would eer 19 the sume milage and be ignred, Nobody ‘would look them inthe ee. Set Kenneth Hodges, the Ist Squad leader ithe 2od Platoon, frequentiy ‘warned his men that tis meant danget, Gg Tiss worse looked The he was | to ‘vaniog say fom the ede line tid «weapon. She was caring | something. war piven an order to shoot. {old the ofcer [Calley]: "You shoot id want tila woman. He gave me | rect order so shot be There was ait | de aby with her that Thad also Alle. turned ter ever and there as the baby's {ace half one MY mind jest wet. Thee {started ling old men, women, chile deen, water bfaoes, everyting. We sree tld to lave nothing standing. {ie Ted another 20 25, cut thee thats cut fat thei hands, cat oat thee tongues, their hie seaiped Ym did A Tot of ‘people were doing 50 [Just followed Sit est came did't ow Chad iin eT don't think beforehand anyone Andie wascftenprovedight—amine or bat woops ~ Vietcong and North Vit arty cap would oot Butte llagers eamest solders ~ and they never even fever warved ihe solders ofthe anger looked ike winning ‘Reywerein: Hodges and his ropsfound, Here was the maddening conundrum of {harden elev telocal people were aot Vietnam fr the United States in theory insome vay ivaved ‘hestaegy was own over he poplaon, gy ale betsy doing number tbl suongioca support fr te South on unt wid tte Fred Welnes, radio Viewamese goverment Out ih fact the tperaoe foe Charke Company's comman- people in the county ether willingly (Re capain Emest Medina "We mere let ty coercion mere supporcesof the Viet ‘tao fui, Relping them, so the whole cong Thetactcs the Americans desed= ited change. You dda us them any wn the war almost ended up destroying ‘ore. You coulda est anybody ‘Be very county they had eme defend. ‘The men from Charbe Conpaay who Vlages wee herded into sag ham arsved in Viemam in December, 196, 18 free zones were created aad com. were only boys cally, ondary American bat uoops weat on searchand-desuoy tom from ordinary American towns, boys sions which lid waste everthing in ‘Shower tah out of school nosy some sight What bappened in one moraing of “nhovwere just learning bow vosave Tee ranged Stary at My Lai ia March, Fang taining ig Hawa bad beea their 1968, had its seeds in his scateey Ft time say fom home They joined Sa weeks earlier onthe nigh of Janu 515.000 Amerian trope who together ary 31--the Viesamese New Yar holiday wrth 31000 South Vietnamese reguare called Tee ~ $4000 communist oops ls turer 400000 local misa, bad (aunehed ag offensive agaist every maior beea waging an incresngly (esracing ‘own and cig. The tacks were driven of Stor agains an enemy whoce spirit they sith heavy loses but the very fact the Couidat break, whose ales among tie cneay ad beensbleto mountsuchaas- Tocl people they coud not enty and Sve campaign afte four years of warbada Whose coma oops they often couldat devastating psycologeal impact on the Fd. Theyfacedan enemy of263,000com- American geerals inthe feldand theo = Tae: woman The Wd think of death | et ee see ay en cere ibe thm nt et constantly vee ine trensoboy aoe | woke eewnd pote Te we ey | Vara ino sree an ies) ym nce ap kn a ss | mind atte gop [Hed ma in ek Mano, al | yea an wa oe Bee ee fica craton | seater ogee ae ee ute) “Therés pr of we hat’ od an aed winder ht gn hrs aur prt of eas Tnsociaued with his experiences a: My Lai | evil and destructive, very evil. There's | Sn A ores my mind tan ee ge") Sohn cig ae Sayer te eperiore! Fa ne) ST care dont tape aon ine | oie tare ‘The curtains are per-| | nyse and can't forget. 1 rect en, | imenesey cats) Tony eo | force ost econo | TS caer | [ei va tor ca eo oii a | scan lig you cs Spor at | a reed vie | Ietenion ey tobe | | AE [nave to take = that’s he only Thought dat we] thing that keeps me stable. But 1 ond Kil 5 [dome cenit Iman eople—1 + ftom al mgt steep mean we're ie ‘| the daytime. { can't sleep im the fn ete |r ting kon 500 pope Is ust the te ee Jaded in Vietnam | Sfaotbets what Hier dined upS0 | What My Lai means to me is death Seople, wumen, old men, children, | Death. Destruction. Killing. Death, Pro- Cretbody,and just mowed em down. 1 | grammed (o Kil To kil To kil, That’ Tvcoightmaresaboutthe children. | what Lama walkiog de bomb. All Tn 1977 my IO-yearo 200 was sot | think of is death constants: Marriage. when ome tecagars across the street got | lovefelngs—Udn'thave tha. es hat | Into an argument. came oat and picked | along time ago thm up aod be died Ia my arms. And | EveawbenL wasmarried my wife could Mice {saw him saw the fee of the child | sotlepinthesamebed, Sewooldbaveto hoe hd ied aed 1 side “Thi i | slop in he guest bedroom. she aces punishmentfor the peopethat ied? | me wold wakeup T woul cach ‘When {ner weot back wrk people | myself choking be. thinking she trasone othe people Kile emmect in Washington DC. Now ore than ete. the mera as sia the We robe akenrothe xen ‘Chaske Company's 120 seo Shosen 9 noihe eh VC Baeaion ut fo area of she Batangsa Penssula 0 Quang Nasi Pronnce. Thev sever sue ceeded, i tte eos wete sham ties CoCal Basser tose = che aewiy ferved commander of the Uch Light Undanry Brigade, Color! Oran K. He even = was contnced te wrong ses tadet the ener gene uper and (On March 1, Barker as iby Hen dewoa, ata special brekiag ata ode Sebase and landing zone sila LZ Doe fies thar his men amps verso" ceng egrerive encagh, He cise 30 83 they allowed focal Vietnamese -ciediog ‘hldien eo pickup wenpors aiscisdy iBe VC and gees. When ney Aad 6 tained loses Barkers oops 33 "ake Seensive site. Inetend of wing ae the enemy and ring them ca ex0ugh tayo allow the “Sut of" ‘ation helcopers i, they bad let he ery forces wide under see 2. ‘en mora ie Before he Dew off ois brigade HQ at Due Pho, Henderon lfc Baker ia m0 doube what he expeced when men bok My Lai, AGGRESSION. Ad Bares a turn leis company commanders 20 oubeas 10 what he expected of tem. ACORESHO. Gathered ia. the ore Scounand post fr ene Sing ee 32 Senor aicere One ho st happened 0 fe enaking a Using isi at Say 8 Sivnonal arlieeyshapiaa, Capen Ca ene "They were gngo oan nse: fiom 2 combat ssault at Piakvle he fultary nde for My Lai besuse 35 Coloured pink ontheit maps esas shee che sath VC Zaralion as append cated. 1 went note bring 33 cour sey cll nad no busizess hee chap as othisbeylusepop neo sy ei. "Whathappenedaest surprised cree today apt ina parinoutoa he Te Panhandle, oear Amarile, “Ther uc ‘paps lid out ona Board ad “ere was tator there who wat 08 he ask‘ors Sal He ud: Weeping nafs 20 ne round ovtofthere wee goon l= “Tied thm and (ei Youkaos. Aida really think we made war choc Fe looked at ane and heats cour snagchapiain’Tiefeshorsy area. £20: inmoy'nin andewbackodiision hes (quarters Ando course they asl My Casekenertday.” ‘Before their ora bing with Capi Medina hat sme night the boys in Chae lis Company watched 3 ot-gorn movie de ste and drank bee Laer Media. (niece hem togetner sed used suck aw soup in he ground, ang 0 plan for dhe assault on My Lau Chart Company wo and fom chs es Fie fel uc oud he wlageat Bravo Company as gong aod on = feasteride of My Lat~ he enemy 820 fe caught in the mudi, Charke Co peas it Platoon would take 0utherbers of the company trough booby traps and snipers. We ould go w a vilage and given them ‘Then ater we would go back and get shot atby a snipe roe wo My Lal we hada beefiag. This | ‘25 sapped to be our fst real chance | {o come facet ace with he enemy, fn one. This was our chance to get even ‘Our instructions were that was an enemy srongpont. Anybody or anything ‘hat was et inthe village was considered tate VC, oF a VC sympathise and we é We mosty started losing mem route hough the vile he 20d Platoon trol take the sorhers section and the Srdwoui follow beind mopping sp. "There is agreement op 2 lt af what, Medina oid heme tha ight. Tis was ‘hance to et their om back os te enemy forall =e compaay’s losses They were © is ard on searchand-destoy mie $n, Livestock wuld killed crop de. tryed; homes nd property burned dowes wells pollted. By she time they were ihe the ath VC Batalion must be wiped oat neligece showed she vil ge would be going to marker at 070 ong to get into elon ight and were ong to hick some st ttn out {he nay wethought. There was no enemy. wandered about withthe other guy burned some hootches, searched 3 couple tonne I witnesed things Thad never ‘seen before people being erate, ‘The most disturbing thing 1 aw was, one boy and. this was something you Know this what Haunts me fet the whole ordeal down there, I was boy lth his ight arm set of al hanging ‘on, We stared at eachother He had this Dewidered lok om is face! ‘What di 1 hours so thse efi the vilage would be tithes the enemy or UC espa (Gregory Olsen, 2 B.yearoié Morméa from Salt Lake Cty desied they wer ld to suger non-combauants “Captain “Medina made the statement that we owed ‘he enemy something. The trooped 3 feng tha they should revenge theif len comrades He would neverhave given order ofl women and hire However twas already clear ha some rember of Chace Company would sop opting Only the day before Oisen has ‘erafleds lever in pence ithe, Hie do, what's wrong? He just. its hard to Tthot the boy, led im 1 Bred three shots inthe hoy with an M6. ike to because somebody cle would hae killed imi the en. Butt wa ight ‘Coping with i all now, years laters hard cause you can never suppres have 4 face etched permanenty ia the back of my mind 1 he face ofthe ile ty... something that woo! be raed unit got the grave. When 30a fn the service ou are in station there your values can be allered, Were Tddies rere beating children, even omping 2 Vietnamese woman t dex Hero: Why in adam der thi hae ‘ehappen? They er eminghy nrmel a Sime are finds of mine, Fora wile thy tr ih wd ania "The woman was murdered after mem: ber of Ose platoon was lle and four ctersinjred when abooby rapped ari Tery round exploded. Olsen. couunued Thay ticked ber fo death end thn mid ‘her magarines i her head. They sage ‘ery lee hy come aco [as ma der and Lam azhamed of me for no Free Widmer ss (fon Oper the com nde, Capuan Braet Sed rome of © Company, Widmer dig, Fir. Capuin Medina sting botom sh Its all right to kill but we were murderers gonna Bight war and Kl We were kil fers sal ight toil batin my instance to face an enemy that’s shooting back at ‘Mtr it was over everybody knew i Troe to ate. What prevented me fom trained to do, The whole company had jst run amok, Aer My La there asa ‘ease of remorse, i aly hit everybody eal get killed. But ve did. pont do anyehing about This athe firme Ded, I hove tern mans Sime: before Tat cont ge ma che "What di Capen Medina acral et) his mea wo de the mph: before sey Hew into My La? Chasles Halla 21sear-id from Cslumbus, Ohio, later te Medina cling them to ase anode that ean fom uso fred onus Heck ot Inaructusto wate oles" Te ‘hough he mood was ike the pep tak for Sure fo flow chaking zou che >ex dy and hat ou were ons peta Aili men decuned their orders ith sheir bodies after the Bretiog. Hay Sraniey a grenadier wih the Te Plato, vs coovnced about Medias’ snetuc thas: He ordered us toll everthing i the vilage The men in my squad ake bout thi among themseves tht aight becaise the order was #0 unuwl” Richard Pendleton, rom Rikimoad, Cal: fornia, discussed the Ooesing with OLE ‘members of the 3a Squad ofthe Sed Pa toon: That evening, a8 me Cleaned ot sesponsand got our gear eady, walked Thou the operon. People were wiking tout killag everthing. tha moved Everyone knew what we were going odo ‘Dent Cont was member ofthe Ist Pos ed by 20d Lt Wiis Calle, who bei another being for hs platoon afer | Medina, "Calley tld us that 90 percent, of tbe population were VC or VC sym | fathers Iyouseeaman,teiscaryings ‘weapon; i you see a woman, she 1 car ‘ing pack’ He said something about ‘hire, ase, someting Uke they could befurre VC Heandeateand cops were ‘VC food. Calley suck me as all poyched tp. Heid aot 0 hesitate to Kl ythiog thar moves. That ends out in my mind. He reminded us that we had lost lot of cota ia that aes, and we were going © sake op fori ‘Otters, however, were not $0 sur. Michal Berakardt, an experzced sl ey std Medina didnot el them ll tvenone: He sid everything was fo be Sestroyed.Irwassotof like Capnin Medi tas benedicuon. What had beea building pall ong, he mas ving his esing to Tameure tha ar the wa) neste men lnverpeeted it, He dds specially yw ‘elevery man, women and chil He sop pe jst short of ta, but Be pe fe tout every ater indication Whe ds ‘sat be expected” ine War Lorde copters from the Died Avian Bara lion flew Charlie Company ama My La st as the vile gers were making fei ary morning fpeal around 0730 ours Accompazy ing then were "The Shacks" ~ belicoprer gunships from the rath Avatioo Banalio, wh laid down suppeesve fre to pret the landing. ‘lsat i were Aeroscoutbecoprers fying reconaisance, spoting ese ‘argets, dropping smoke canisters ear the bounded enemys thatthe could be sear he foe weapoas. One ofthese eons raft wa Nowa by Warant Officer Hugh ‘Thompeon, ged 24, who bad to YouBE rewmen with him, During the aex fot hoursaota single sho was redatthemor ny personne! volved inthe landings i bd around My Lai. Thompson and is 28 doorgunnes, Lawrence Colburn, and We were supposed to be the good guys ugh Thompson ot crt der in he US Army In Vemor he asa heicoper lot He war deoatd for slow ager S hte oe at My Las Wht the cao det say sr thatthe hale free wos Americen. Taice Thompion and har landed rescue ile fom th carnage The fit time Be ordered is comer 1 train thir machine guns om the American ‘oli ld by Lt Wiliam Caley and to pen ie if Cale oop tard shooting the Vienamese cllages. Aged 45, day | Thompion i 2 craion ll fing hel open fore lin, Four marnogs: ind ki he nw er with rend Discuzing th My ai maszre cowed him eves emotional es and Bot of Sere ton Ines Thompson et Calley During the mission we started selng 4 ot of bodies It Just ‘drt a up, Wed go back over ‘an area that we ke was clean snd here Would be a bunch of dead people. Women ‘nd kids. Youstart hak after «while: "What's going on bere? Were not geting shot, Who's doing the shootin ‘rounded female nd called onthe rao | Weget some assistance for er She did't tare a weapon and she needed belp. An American captain walked up 10 ber, ‘nudged her with is fot, stood back and blow ter sway. Now I knew who was doing the iin. ‘We came sross ditch and it had bodies int fot of them ~ women. Kids. ld men. I remember thinking: ‘How id ‘hese people et into the ditch?” ‘At one polnt I saw some people who wee sl liven bunker. stopped the sreraft, et down, got out and went wp to {hi tetenantn hare (Calle. Tai Hey Ie go some civilians in he bunker Fase there as any ay te could get them out, meaning t Bel set hem out He replied the only way he ould get them out was with a hand {remade Here we weresuppostd tbe the 90d gysin watt hats upset me. ead tomy crow ff the Americans stat shoting, they fre the civilians, pen up on em Iwas very mad and tact t don't kom how Pt have fl Hf they had openedfire but I thnk hat on that day T wouldn't Rave given it 2 seconds thought They were the enemy at ‘hat time I gues. They damn sure were ‘the enon the ground We put women, | etitren and ol men on board and ew them outta a safe area. ate in the day {few over the dich gain =the one with the bodies int, We ticed some Kind of movement down there We wereall upset by then. My crow hie spoted tld among the bodies have iden how the child survived. i could have been ander its mothe, they ud have been ut of ammunition. We ‘tthe ie il inthe back with ny gun- fer Lawrence Colburn who held ero any oer hat ay, were confsed thar they never once came under enemy fre ‘Thiswasaotwhachey expected ‘Within 20 mainte al 120 mea and five officers of Chie Company ad die persed, The I and 2nd Platoons spread ut ring they went Denis Coat was inthe fw heicopero and Alou be ‘eve Killed anyone in the Wllge he 5a, they were al payched up when they rived “Asana when We got there te Shooting stared alr likes chan esc tion The majority of us bad expec 6 rest VC combat troops but tis did not turn out tobe sa, Oragially we sw ae thea running inthe brine, andthe tex thing we were shooting at everyting vecybody was string, After dey 30 ‘eto the village I guess you could sy the then were oot of onl” Soldiers vere sinughlerisg animals, firing wildy atanything that moved pis, uen, people Women an yous als were dragged sway 10 be moated tod thea butchered, often with kaves. Some were seaiped, others had ther hans cutoff Maay were diembowelled. One solder seed 4 GI lambering 0 othe back fs ewer halo sabing i repented withisknife unt the best collapse 'An Bou ler Bravo Company, led by ‘Capnin Esl Michels landed onthe opp0- Steside of My Lal Aiandminesoon led fone man andveveral were ajured but they feveronce came under enemy fre Within "Wanutes the It Platoon, ed by L: Tho ‘nes Wingham, bad made way io Stull bamlet called My Khe waere he focal population were ether Biding a thei Romes or sbelenag io cannes A Tilesnd-taf away fom My Lai where inns executions mere coking pare, Wi ghar’ men began their own aughtex Fleeing peasants were cut down by raking ‘machine gun fre which poured into che ‘alge. As they topped up te Gls weat {fom house hove tune! o tune, bing in grenades, baoaering old men, tromen snd children ab they ed ‘Geape: Pregnant women had thei stom ch lhe ope and wer let dying in the ho sun; whoe families sheltering in Inakesft ranaels were. quite Wer blown apa. An Ilgearold gi, Vo Tal {en inerrant uaneltorunzel yng toflnd member fhe aly. Ear bet [pandmather tied 0 appreac he Amer Fan solders and had been shot in the lest hand premade then dismembered herbody compleety The tunel Lien an bet grandpareas were shelecog in hs both entrances blown up with TNT ana (llapsed Ther were on Sug our bee few suriorsin the ilage ater che Ane! ‘ean let, Of the 97 people kes in St he, S3werepartofLewstamily Wome: nd young gir weresrippednaked some td ben raped, others baa been sabbed cbuhe vine Back sp My Lal, ce mass executions were being conducted in oderte ans ‘ie manner Much of as amin teredbya ancl fen fom Caley’ It Paton but she other wo patooas were invohe as wel. Vilugrs were shot their homes, on paths adi the pad feds, Oshers weve. gathers epee: rounded upbv sosiers who marched che: fa ceatal point, Man of the women o My Lai were supped, sped or sod mised sme mece gang-raped, aad the they were keds, eter by beng 4010 Stabbed with bayonets which ll he Sl ders cased, The imple seaw-covered homes where hee crimes tadasen were then set mire bv he-Zipp wasites sctee'anc Hey look, he’s got a camera ‘were terrified. They became so frantic | ror. They were only published when news af the massacre broke, 13 | | his tap. Thad ason | seeing their friends and family Killed in | months on. fn his mid-40s, he works today in a factory in Cleveland, | | ines were eved | wells tre pope I ped dows he 6 ‘isc ner sour at Trans amrsit techn | ne hee eats ences | acorn ae manasa ohn | et a ee | a en ae | ee ea ar arate | aay en og Nei ote | me eee | eet se ache cade |e ie So Sani ore, | amma a re ri een a | a ae | aaa rere rae | Muse ‘Even after 20 years it makes me feel | over me, the stench was awful” Mr Dung | rounded by Gls, huddled together as 1 | tive to what was happening around ime. | involved you can't forget about ‘his wife and daughter.”"The earth ran with | Kind af frantic. Am older woman in front | and seeing things like the incident at My | Sects 9 a Pon cares com | meng enue | Chm | Ge cs cone em sma, emer Tarins | SatiansGummeane | wesare tee neat seicaercnensayrersgo temmmtemn stapes | Sows aes | etc crcrer e e secre rman: renin cece | caer et | goa Siichtieimaagnsfae Sicemigraninrnce,.. | bie te ce engage Sse de ey eee amcet er | Mu earth | Sates Se et cicfet Nadel at Gc fhe | pode coe | a ta a senate | Toy ea | Klar ee aHaeberle's My Lai “This is part ofthe photographic record ofthe My Lal masace taken by Ron Hacberle the US Army photographer with she Stars and Stripes aan pat Ph lctoncs cadet the maps i the centre ofthe page show the progress of C Company's mission into Quang Ngai Province are dee 10 men nese Landed By the tine they left they had eaused unimaginable destruction. most 50 ilagers were ids hele Fen is cropewere burned and their vestock slaughtered Haeberle kept quiet abou the massacre. fearing reprisals against oer es name ict. Dut when he returned tothe United States, he procesed his pictures and showed them forthe ra time som raat uly took place "The reaction was mixed. Some people count belive his actualy happened. They jos did't want obeine | {Riiraas fy Lal perhaps more than any other incident that changed US public opinion ofthe Vietnam war. Isrts by Phil Green i | | Land2: Sine nlcotes | tert mene {Chae Company tothe | tied oat ce pies on thewestern edge of My {at Cates platoon landed, fanned ot forthe combat saul fd then moved in Ainge wen Unarned villages Sorting inthe elas Waring. Everybody as Shrpried atthe fecetonNotasingle et ule as red at Company that dy 23: No mercy was shown to ether the ‘ery voung or ery od. Froong Chat 80) was caring for his grandsons, Truong Dye (1 and Truong Ge thatthe Vietcong’ 8th Battalion were natin My Laiand-a-hlf fom M9 {Lava eneed by US volar searching ot | econe fer Thine member of he | med nd extended fay ore ame (he 97 innocent soon ho ere lad the wllge ma cond asc Today she's Imoried tho children and Koes Da Nag. Tha lage lis on the cost of he ‘South Chia St Tare lal pasa ort ‘he ig fhing and pug coco 2 make rope zt Ti Lien a5 2 ict one | (the many cure te pe aut iy La Iwas crying but crying without noise il tide ins net ty ee porns We could ear shan fms ort orig we. ae te | Cicada he | ther and ean enetiag oo wage Spa taney gt ce | The merc tte e ¢ th ous nd bea colpae My rand {ther an beth ated ested ere ntl soot fre och Inte eng “tee ec arth erica ay tore Ina te led 97 ppl te Tome Tht day 3 meres ay ae and extended faites wer killed ‘When U came out of the tunnel the ‘randeother being shot and then being blown to peces. At the time Has tually Fearless {ram all ver the place looking foe survivors im tunnel {went 0 all the funnels ad eased there had been 2 massacre. A& Ura from one eno te frmlet 10 the other T was crying but ving without nis, and yet ty voice became al hoarse. People advised me femal calm, ook for tunaels where iy relatives might have remained hid ent listen for moans coming om tun ree that had collapsed at rescue he Survivors. Then {found