Basic Concept and Terminology

mass fraction ci , mole fraction yi of N -component mixture:

N
X
mi
ci ≡ , ci = 1
mtot i=1

N
X
ni
yi ≡ , yi = 1
ntot i=1

N
X
mtot = mi
i=1

N
X
ntot = ni
i=1

yi Mi
ci = N
X
yj Mj
j=1

ci /Mi
yi = N
X
cj /Mj
j=1

molecular weight of N -component mixture:

N
X
Mmix = yi Mi
i=1

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Ideal-Gas Mixtures

Amagat Model:

pV = ntot R̄T

pVi = ni R̄T, i = 1, 2, . . . , N

Vi = yi V, i = 1, 2, . . . , N
N
X
Vi = V
i=1

Dalton Model:

pV = ntot R̄T

pi V = ni R̄T, i = 1, 2, . . . , N

pi = yi p, i = 1, 2, . . . , N
N
X
pi = p
i=1

N
X
U= ni ūi (T )
i=1

N
X
H= ni h̄i (T )
i=1

N
X
S= ni s̄i (pi , T )
i=1

-2-
Psychrometry

dew point:

Tdew = Tsat at pv

specific humidity (humidity ratio) ω, relative humidity φ:

mvap pv
ω≡ = 0.622 ×
mair pa

yv of actual mixture at (p, T ) pv

φ≡ =
yv of saturated mixture at (p, T ) pg

adiabatic saturation process; adiabatic saturation temperature

dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures
psychrometric chart

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Applications

1. Air Conditioning

(a) Heating
i. simple heating
ii. heating with humidification
iii. heating with dehumidification
(b) Cooling
i. simple cooling
ii. cooling with humidification
iii. cooling with dehumidification

2. Cooling Towers

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