Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group members:
1) Haji
2) Ali
3) Ahmad
4) Adeel
5) Jawad
6) Babar
7) Muneeb
8) GM
9) Umer
1
ELECTRIC MOTOR
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CLASSIFICATION OF MOTORS
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TYPES OF AC MOTORS
Electrical current reverses direction
Two parts: stator and rotor
Stator: stationary electrical component
Rotor: rotates the motor shaft
Speed difficult to control
Two types:
– Synchronous motor
– Induction motor
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AC MOTOR: INDUCTION MOTOR
Most common motors in industry
Advantages are:
– Simple design
– Inexpensive
– High power to weight ratio
– Easy to maintain
– Direct connection to AC power source
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COMPONENTS OF INDUCTION
MOTOR
A 3-phase induction motor has two main parts:
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CUT AWAY IMAGE
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COMPONENTS OF INDUCTION
MOTOR contd…
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Induction Motor: Squirrel cage
rotor
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Induction Motor: Wound Rotor
A wound rotor has a 3-phase winding, similar
to the stator winding.
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Wound Rotor & its connections
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EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
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Induction Motor: Operating
Principle
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Operating Principle Contd…
The following sequence of events takes place:
1. A voltage E = BLv is induced in each conductor while it is
being cut by the flux (Faraday’s Law)
2. The induced voltage produces currents which circulate in a
loop around the conductors (through the bars).
3. Since the current-carrying conductors lie in a magnetic
field, they experience a mechanical force (Lorentz force).
4. The force always acts in a direction to drag the conductor
along with the magnetic field.
Now close the ladder upon itself to form a squirrel cage,
and place it in a rotating magnetic field – an induction
motor is formed!
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CONSTRUCTION
Induction Motor: Rotating Field
Consider a simple stator with 6 salient poles - windings AN, BN, CN.
AC currents Ia, Ib and Ic will flow in the windings, but will be displaced
in time by 120°.
Each winding produces its own MMF,which creates a flux across the
hollow interior of the stator.
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Induction Motor: Stator Winding
In practice, induction motors have internal diameters that are smooth,
instead of having salient poles.
In this case, each pole covers 180° of the inner circumference of the
rotor (pole pitch = 180°).
Also, instead of a single coil per pole, many coils are lodged in
adjacent slots.
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INDUCTION MOTOR : SLIP
The difference between the synchronous speed and rotor
speed can be expressed as a percentage of synchronous
speed, known as the slip.
s = (Ns – N)/Ns
Where s = slip, Ns = synchronous speed (rpm), N = rotor speed
(rpm)
• At no-load, the slip is nearly zero (<0.1%).
• At full load, the slip for large motors rarely exceeds
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Induction Motor: Frequency
induced in the rotor
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Induction Motor: Active Power Flow
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
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Use Energy Efficient Motors
1. Fixed loss (iron) Use of thinner gauge, lower loss core steel reduces eddy current losses. Longer core
adds more steel to the design, which reduces losses due to lower operating flux
densities.
2. Stator I2R Use of more copper & larger conductors increases cross sectional area of stator
windings. This lower resistance (R) of the windings & reduces losses due to current
flow (I)
3 Rotor I2R Use of larger rotor conductor bars increases size of cross section, lowering
conductor resistance (R) & losses due to current flow (I)
4 Friction & Winding Use of low loss fan design reduces losses due to air movement
5. Stray Load Loss Use of optimized design & strict quality control procedures minimizes stray load
losses
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Electric Motors (INDUCTION)
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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