Section 1: 1-1 PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".
PE/TRD/GR/0101
12.01/EN
January, 2000
Introduction
Section 1
Introduction
1-1
SY1 Course
Organization
GSM System
• Section 1: Introduction • Section 5: Cellular Principles
• Section 6: Radio Interface
• Section 2: GSM History
• Section 7: Architecture, Functions and
• Section 3: Basic Network Overview
Protocols
• Section 4: Services • Section 8: Procedures
• Section 9: BTS Functions

• Section 10: S2000/4000/S8000 BTS • Section 15: NSS Functions
Families • Section 16: NSS Nortel: DMS and GPP
• Section 11: BSC Functions • Section 17: OSS Functions
• Section 12: BSC 6000/12000/12000HC • Section 18: OMC-R, TML and OMC-S
Family • Section 19: PicoNODE Family
• Section 13: TransCoder Unit Functions • Section 20: Solutions of Exercises
• Section 14: TCU Physical Presentation • Section 21: Glossary
GSM Products
PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able to:

 describe the GSM system and its role in wireless communications
worldwide,
 quote the GSM network services,

 describe the GSM cellular features,
 describe the Radio Interface,
 describe the steps of the main procedures (call establishment,
location updating, handover, etc.),
 describe the functions of NSS (Network Sub System), BSS (Base
station Sub System), OSS (Operation Sub System) and MS (Mobile
Station),
 describe the software architecture of the GSM system,
 identify and describe the NORTEL NETWORKS GSM products.

PE/TRD/GR/0101
12.01/EN
January, 2000
Introduction
Section 2
GSM History
1-4
Objectives
Provide an introduction to the world of mobile

communications with particular emphasis on
development to digital cellular radio.
After completing this lesson you will be able to:

- Relate the early mobile communication systems.
- Show the benefits of digital radio transmission.
- Relate the development and spread of the GSM standard.
- Indicate the trend for wireless in the next years.

Before GSM: Mobile Telephony Milestones
1876 1970
Electric transmission 10101010

(Graham Bell) Digital Technology
(1st digital switch)
• • •
1897 — — —
• • • 1982
1st wireless
transmissions 1st analog cellular
(Marconi) network
1946 1992
10101010
1st public mobile 1st GSM communication

telephone (digital cellular network)

Analog Cellular Systems Around the World
1981 NMT 1979 AMPS

Dedicated developments
The Nordic Solution 800 MHz
Now 18 Millions Subscribers Now 25 Millions
450 MHz and 900 MHz Subscribers
1985 1986
RADIOCOM 2000 C.450
NORWAY, DENMARK 1985 TACS in UK FRANCE GERMANY
FINLAND, SWEDEN, 800 and 900 MHz 400 MHz 450 MHz
FRANCE (450 MHz) 900 MHz
Japan
• NTT cellular (1979)
• JTACS (1988)
Development of the GSM Standard
1982: Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) created within CEPT

1985: List of recommendations are settled and intensely
supported by the industry.
1987: Initial MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) aside the

drafting of technical specifications was signed by
network operators of 13 countries:
• time-scales for the procurement and deployment,
• compatibly of numbering and routing plans,
• tariff principles and definition of accounting.
1990: • The GSM specifications for the 900 MHz are frozen.
• Specifications start for the 1800 MHz GSM systems.
• GSM stands as
"Global System for Mobile communications"
1991: First system trial are running.
1992: Official commercial launch of GSM service in Europe.

1993: - The GSM-MoU has 62 signatories in 39 countries

worldwide. In addition 32 applicants in 19
others countries.
- GSM network are operational in Europe.
- First commercial services also start outside
Europe.
- One million subscribers to GSM networks.
1995: Specification of GSM phase 2 are frozen.

GSM Specifications
01 SERIES
12 SERIES GENERAL
OPERATION AND 02 SERIES
MAINTENANCE SERVICE ASPECTS
11 SERIES 03 SERIES
EQUIPMENT AND TYPE NETWORK ASPECTS

APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS
10 SERIES 04 SERIES
SERVICE INTERWORKING MS-BSS INTERFACE AND
PROTOCOLS
09 SERIES 05 SERIES
NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER ON THE
INTERWORKING RADIO PATH.
08 SERIES 06 SERIES
BSS TO MSC INTERFACES 07 SERIES SPEECH CODING
TERMINAL ADAPTERS SPECIFICATIONS
FOR MOBILE STATIONS

The Application of the Radio Spectrum
AM Marine
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4
Short Wave - International Broadcast - Amateur CB

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 MHz
VHF LOW Band FM VHF VHF TV 7-13
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 300 MHz

Cellular GSM1800, GSM1900
UHF UHF TV 14-69 GPS
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.0 GHz
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 GHz
Broadcasting Aeronautical Terrestrial Microwave
Land-Mobile Mobile telephony Satellite

GSM Family Radio Band Spectrum
Uplink 915
915
876 880 890 915 1710 1910

1785 1850
P-GSM
E-GSM GSM 1800 GSM 1900
R-GSM
921 925 935 960 1805 1880 1930 1990

MHz
960
960
Downlink

GSM Benefits
Advantages of the GSM standard Digital Advantages
Technology low cost

Worldwide market $
High resistance
Open system to interferences
Transmission data rate
Roaming
Transmission Security

GSM Standard Spread: Sales
300
70
60 250
Million users
Million users
50 200
40
150
30
100
20
10 50
0 0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
areas/ customers
networks
countries (millions)
dec 92 7 13 0.25 Source:
dec 93 18 34 1.4 IDC Feb 98
GSM MoU Feb 98
dec 94 41 65 4.5
dec 95 67 113 12.5
dec 96 97 189 33
dec 97 105 233 66
dec 98 110 240 140
dec 99 137 370 220

End 1999: 220 millions of subscribers

370 networks in 137 countries
Countries without GSM Network(s)
2005: Between 700 million and 1 billion expected.

Explosive Growth in Wireless Data
1998
Data 70%
Data 4%
Voice 30%
Voice 96%
2005

Increasing GSM Data Rates
video
photo report clip
UMTS
video
E/GPRS web photo report clip
video
e-mail web photo report clip
ISDN
video
PSTN e-mail web photo report clip
video
e-mail web photo report clip
GSM
0 10 sec 1 min 10 min 1 hour
Transmission Time
Mobile Data Technology Evolution
2M 30 min delay intranet

1M
ck et Mobile
Mobile Data
Data Rate
Rate
a
throughput kbps
p Explosion
Explosion in Next 44 Years
in Next Years
alternative: A2
100 k
64 k
EDGE UMTS
it HSCSD
i r cu
c
14.4
10 k
GPRS
9.6
1k SMS
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 timeframe
FTSE
-1
index 00
GPRS = General Packet Radio Service

HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecomunication System
General Packet Radio Service
IP
(Internet/Intranet)
GPRS
PLMN
X.25 PSPDN
Corporate
Intranet

GPRS and EDGE
Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution

New highly spectrum-efficient modulation for higher bit rates
GMSK modulation replaced with 8-Phase Shift Keying: throughput x 3

Applicable to both HSCSD and GPRS
Rates expected to reach 300 kbps (E-HSCSD) and 380 kbps (E-GPRS)
2000
UMTS
384
380
EDGE
300
GPRS 170 packet
circuit
HSCSD 43,2
GSM 14,4 speed kbps

log scale
1 10 100 1000 10000

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
 Wireless office - Business

– Tele conference
– Sales order placement
– Files transfer
– Intranet services
 Travel - Car Centric Application

– Video and graphic oriented navigation tool 30 min delay
– Traffic intelligent information system

– Emergency services
– Location based yellow pages alternative: A2
 Entertainment / Education / Personal Communication

– Video/music on demand
– Interactive games / Tele-tourism
– Virtual school
– Video telephony

Section 3
Basic Network Overview

Objectives
After completing this lesson you will be able to:

• List the 3 sub-systems of a GSM system and their interfaces.
• List the different equipment in each GSM sub-system.

Traffic/Signaling
Traffic
«bla bla bla...»

Signaling « RING ! »
riiiiing
Network

Network Overview
BTS NSS PSTN

BSS
BSC MSC
MS
OMC-R OMC-S
OSS
Mobile Station
Mobile Station
=
SIM Card Handset Battery
Global GSM Mobility battery

Card
+ +
The Smart Card to use
f153454
GSM
2W
jmhfod
kgdjipj

SIM-Card and GSM Mobile Equipment
SIM-Card
Global GSM Mobility
Card
= +
The Smart Card to use Calling line
0609225831
GSM
Contains:
- IMSI
Subscriber knows
- Called party number = MS-ISDN
- PIN
Handset

The SIM-Card Functions
Credit Card Size

µ SIM-Card
Global GSM Mobility
Card
15 mm The Smart Card to use

25 mm
Permanent data:
GSM
- Unique mobile subscriber identity Microchip with stored
through IMSI number, user information
- Authentication parameter Ki,
- Authentication algorithm A3,
- Generating encryption key Kc Removable data:
algorithm A8. - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Number,
- Location Area Identification.

Subscriber Identification
IMSI MS - ISDN
Mobile Station -
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
Nature Integrated Services Digital Network Nb
Similar to ISDN,
Conformity with E212
Conformity with E164/E213
Identify a PLMN Identify the subscriber National Significant Mobile Number

worldwide of a PLMN
MCC MNC MSIN CC NDC SN

Format H1 H2 x x x ......... x x x M1 M2 xx xx xx xx
Country
Mobile Mobile Mobile Subscriber National Mobile Subscriber
Code
Meaning Country Network Ident. Nb
(where Destination (national definition)
Code Code H1 H2 = Identity of HLR Code * M1 M2 = nbr of logical HLR
subscription
within the home PLMN
has been made)
Nb. digits 3 2 max 10 1 to 3 2 to 4 total max 15
* This code does not identify a geographical area

but an operator
Mobile Identification
Y PE VED
T O
P PR
A
TAC FAC SNR SP
Type Approval Serial number (SPare)

Code Final Assembly
Code

MS Classmark
Classmark
Power classes
Revision level (Phase 1, 2, 2+)
GSM GSM GSM

Class
RF power 900 1800 1900
Encryption algorithm (A5/1,A5/2)
1 1 W** 1 W**
Frequency (900/1800/1900)
2 8 W* 0.25 W 0.25 W
Short message
3 5W 4W 4W
4 2 W**
5 0.8 W
* Typical value for car mounted

** Typical value for handheld

Trends in Mobile Station
Booster
2W 5W Dual-band
Hands-free Data 900-1800
Pocket 2W 8W 900-1900
PC
Fax Organizer Java

BSS Architecture
MSC
Radio
TCU Interface
A Interface
S2000H&L
NSS BTS
Ater Interface
Public Telephone Network
Abis Interface S8000 MS

BSC Outdoor
OMC-R BTS
Radio
Interface
OMN Interface
Sun
S8000
StorEdge A5000
Indoor
BSS BTS
MS
NSS Architecture
AuC EIR
PSTN
BSC
MSC
BSC
VLR HLR
MSC

Check Your Learning
1- How many sizes of SIM-Card are there?

2- What is an IMSI? a MSISDN? an IMEI?
3- What is a PIN code?
4- Is it possible for a given subscriber to have several MSISDN?

PE/TRD/GR/0101
12.01/EN
January, 2000
Introduction
Services
Section 4
1-36
Objectives
This section explores the services that are provided

in a GSM network.
After completing this section you will be able to:

• Relate the services that can be offered to GSM subscribers

Teleservices
1 - Telephony
Hello
Speaking
Originated
call 1
Speaking
Hello
Terminated
call 1

Teleservices
2 - Emergency Call
Global GSM Mobility Emergency

Card 112
The Smart Card to use
GSM
Do not require a SIM-Card

while "112" is invoked
Teleservices
3 - Short Message Cell Broadcast
me
ssa
ge
A
eA Information
sag
me
ssa mes Provider A
g eB
sa ge A
mes
ag eB
m ess
mess
B age B
ge
sa
es
m A Information
e
s ag Provider B
es
m
GSM Network
Teleservices
4 - Short Message Service
Radio SMS-MO/ PP
PLMN
SMS-SC
Radio
PLMN
SMS-MT/ PP Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom

Teleservices
5 - Fax
Alternate Speech and Fax:
Automatic fax:

Teleservices
6 - User's Data Call Features
Embodied
Teleservices
bearer
Fax G3, SMS
treatments for
Teleservices radio transmission
voice
Cable that
bears data
Data / Fax
kit adaptation

Teleservices
7 - Voice Messaging
Please leave
a message
Busy after the tone
Forward 1
to voice
mail box
Voice mail
box
GSM
network
You have
3 voices
messages...
Voice
message
Retrieving the voice
messages
server
Warming up...
Supplementary Services
Calling Party 1 - Line Identification Called Party
CoLP CLIP
CLIR CoLR
 Calling Line Identification
presentation (CLIP)
restriction (CLIR)
Cnted line Calling line

0609173957 0609225831
Connected Line Identification
presentation (CoLP)
restriction (CoLR)
 Calling Name Presentation

(CNAP)

2 - Call Transfer and Call Forwarding
 unconditional (CFU)
 on busy (CFB)
 on no reply (CFNRy)
 on not reachable (CFNRc)

1 2

3 - Waiting / Hold and Multi Party
WAIT HOLD
1 2 1 2
Waiting / Hold:
1
Multi Party: 1
Max = 5
persons
2 2

4 - Call Barring
 Outgoing (BAOC)
 Outgoing international (BOIC)
 Outgoing international
except home PLMN country (BOIC-exHC)
 Incoming (BAIC)
 Incoming when roaming outside

(BIC-Roam)

5 - Call Completion (CCBS)
NEW! Unable to place

BUSY a call. Speaking Speaking
...
1 2
Reinitiate This call in state

the call
Ring !
Ring ! 1
Idle
Call is HELLO
SPEAKING established
1

6 - Advice of Charge
Advice of Charge Information (AoCI)
information on progress
of the cost of the call
Advice of Charge Charging (AoCC)
Insert a
SIM credit Card
Completion of call
need charging

Intelligent Network Services
IN and CAMEL
Main IN Services:
 Personal Number
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
 Sponsored Cell & Call

 Prepaid Calling
 Location Inquiry
 Geo Zone
The aim of the CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced
Logic) is to provide GSM network operators with the ability to create specific
services in their home network, and export these services to their subscribers
when roaming outside the home network.
CAMEL introduces the ability to provide location dependent IN type of services
to mobiles subscribers.

IN Services: Virtual Private Network
Closed User Group
X 25 c/min
X
Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom
5696

c
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Location & Time

o+
*
4197
** 0 #
7PRS8TUV9 WXY
dependant screening 4GHI 5JKL 6MNO

1 2ABC3DEF
Corporate Numbering Plan

4446 Wireline Access
25 c/min Lower rate for on-net calls
4197 25 c/min
5696

4446
Location & Time
dependant routing
c
Speed Dialing
1 2 3
4 5 6
London
7 8 9
* o+
Bristol 50 c/min 924 63256



IN Services: Prepaid Calling
RANK1ONE Las
5542 1139 1464 228 99494
cos t call
Newts $ 0. Your account
VALID DATES
6/91 6/99
is $ balan50
SCOOBY DOO
balance
24.5 ce is $ 24.50
0


Account status
enquiry and
Multiple recharging options notification
 Multiple Tariff Plans
 Tariffs using fixed charge, CC, NC, distance, time & day, roaming
charges...
 Possible language selection by subscriber
 Bulk account loading for easy provisioning Flexible features for easy
service packaging

IN Services: Sponsored Cell & Call
Calls from this

location are

sponsored. Today, up to 50 % off
Today buy one on handbags !
dinner at Bellini’s on Sponsors can
Keith Street, near the
cinemas, and get one target specific
free!
customers
by sponsoring
some of their Sponsors can also change their
calls... announcements on the phone
...made from
specified

Your next two minute calling
locations is brought to you free today
by The leather Shop located
at predefined
on first level of the Central

Shopping Centre.
times of day Come and visit us
Today, up to 50 % off on
handbags !
Service can be offered via access
code or through subscription

IN Services: Location Inquiry
The closest restaurants are:

The Wind Jammer
on 132 Flinton Street
Sea food
Phone 55 1968 Promotional
press 1 to connect Informations:
The Palace call #15
on 11 Bourke Street
Chinese food
Phone 55 0407
press 2 to connect
The closest restaurants are:

The Tower, Tower Hill,
Phone 56 4589,
Press 1 to connect
The Anchor
Today’s special at

St Catherine Dock
The Anchor is Maine
Phonce 56 2548
Press 2 to connect lobster soup
Be the first ten caller and

get a free cocktail !
Cell dependent information Possible customization of announcement

Direct connection to advertisers directly by the advertiser

IN Services: Geo Zone
1 - Outgoing Calls
This call is being

made outside of your
home zone.
Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom Wait to complete it or

Copyright ©
1996
N orthern
Telecom
hang-up now.
Wide Area
Office Zone Cellular Home Zone
Notification of current
15 c/min 50 c/min 10 c/min zone before call set-up:
• when in home/office zone

Specific rates applied to calls made from Home/Office zone
and/or
• when out of zones
Multiple zones can be defined
Different rates applied to calls made from specific locations

IN Services: Geo Zone
2 - Incoming Calls
Calling the “fixed” number You are going to be

charged 5 c/min for
this call.
When you are at home, When you are away from home,
Wait to accept it or
you are called directly you decide if the call is routed to: hang-up now.
Voice mail
OR
Notification of current
zone before incoming

With Notification call is connected:
Your Caller pays when in home/office zone
Your Caller pays Your Caller pays fixed line rate
fixed line rate and/or
fixed line rate You pay the • when out of zones
You pay nothing You pay nothing “forwarding leg”
Fixed network service with built-in mobility

Check Your Learning
1- What are the three categories of services defined in GSM?

2- What are the two types of short messages?
3- What are the two required pieces of equipment for data exchanges in
GSM (one in the MS, the other in the MSC)?
4- What are the user data rates which were selected for GSM?

Check Your Learning (continue)
5- What is the CLIP supplementary service?

6- What is the CoLP supplementary service?
7- What is the MPTY supplementary service?
8- What is the call forwarding supplementary services?

Section 1: 1-1 PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

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"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

• Section 9: BTS Functions

Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able to:

 quote the GSM network services,

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-3

Provide an introduction to the world of mobile

After completing this lesson you will be able to:

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-5

Electric transmission 10101010

(1st digital switch)

1st public mobile 1st GSM communication

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-6

1981 NMT 1979 AMPS

1982: Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) created within CEPT

1987: Initial MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) aside the

1991: First system trial are running.

1992: Official commercial launch of GSM service in Europe.

1993: - The GSM-MoU has 62 signatories in 39 countries

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-9

EQUIPMENT AND TYPE NETWORK ASPECTS

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-10

Short Wave - International Broadcast - Amateur CB

VHF LOW Band FM VHF VHF TV 7-13

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 300 MHz

Broadcasting Aeronautical Terrestrial Microwave

Land-Mobile Mobile telephony Satellite

876 880 890 915 1710 1910

921 925 935 960 1805 1880 1930 1990

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-12

Advantages of the GSM standard Digital Advantages

Technology low cost

Transmission data rate

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-13

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-14

End 1999: 220 millions of subscribers

Countries without GSM Network(s)

2005: Between 700 million and 1 billion expected.

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-16

0 10 sec 1 min 10 min 1 hour

2M 30 min delay intranet

GPRS = General Packet Radio Service

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-19

Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution

GMSK modulation replaced with 8-Phase Shift Keying: throughput x 3

GSM 14,4 speed kbps

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-20

 Wireless office - Business

 Travel - Car Centric Application

– Traffic intelligent information system

 Entertainment / Education / Personal Communication

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-21

Basic Network Overview

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-22

After completing this lesson you will be able to:

• List the different equipment in each GSM sub-system.

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-23

«bla bla bla...»

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-24

BTS NSS PSTN

SIM Card Handset Battery

Global GSM Mobility battery

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-26

PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-27