You are on page 1of 33

!

"
" # # $ %
! " " & $' " " &
" $ ( & !
! "
" " " &

)*+, -

!. / ! - 0 1 !. / ! - 2 1 !

' & %
#

1 3 /0 1 /2 1 23
% 1 .3 / 0 1 . / 2 1 * 3
0 1 4. 3 0 1 4. 5 6 1 67 3

8 1 ) * / ! 0, 1 * / ! - 2 1 *!6 3
89 1 ) 2*/ ! 0, 1 2* / ! - 2 1 2*!2 3
8 1 ) 5 ! 0, 1 / ! - 2 1 !2 3
γ # 1 6!. :0;
2

γ 1 ) *! / ! 0, 1 *! / ! -2 1 *!. :0;
2

< "

< 52 1 =4 0; >
< 2 1 )* / !. 0, 1* / !.-2 1 * !. 0;
ε 1 2!* 3 ) ,

% " "

)6!7 5 ! 0, 1 6!7 5 ! -2 1 6!6

' & %!
#
1 .* 3 / ! 0 1 .* / ! -2 1 .*!6 3
% 1 * 3 / $ 0 1 * / ! -2 1 *!6 3
0 1 = 3 != 0 1 = 5 !=-2 1 !* 3

8 1 )=6 5 ! 0, 3 1 =6 5 ! -2 1 =.!4 3
89 1 )6. 5 ! 0, 3 1 6. 5 ! -2 1 6=!= 3
8 1 73
γ # 1 4 :0; 2 >
γ 1 ) 7 5 ! .0, 1 7 5 ! .-2 1 *!*. :0; 2

< !

? 0; @ ! ! !. ! ! 2! .!
A ?3@ ! . !. ! !6 !6 2!= =!6

" " $

2 )2 / ! .0, 1 2 / ! .-2 1 2! .
( 2

(
1 B C) 2./ ! 0, 3 1)2. / ! -2, 3 1 2.!2 3
1 B !. C)2 / ! 0 , 3 1 )2 / ! -2, 3 1 2 !2 3
1 !.B ! C) 5 ! 0, 3 1 ) 5 ! -2, 3 1 7!= 3
1 ! B ! * C 23
81 =3>
γ2 1 6!.:0; 2 > γ 1 ) 7!. 5 ! .0, 1 7!. 5 ! .-2 1 7!2. :0; 2
- - 1 !* > 1 !2.>
D) " , 1 )7 / 0, 1 7 / -2 1 7 6 :0;
" " "
>

D " ! " &


- %= $ %
" "
$
8 1 3 > 8 1 3 > 89 1 )= 5 ! 0, 3 1 )= 5 ! -2, 3 1 = != 3
γ 1 4! :0 ; 2 > γ 1 ) ! 5 ! .0, :0 ; 2 1) ! 5 ! .-2, 3 1 ! . 3

2
D1) / 0,:% 1) / -2, :% 1 2 :%
% " " 5 E 22 ; *.$

( "

) / ! 0, 1) / ! -2, 1 !2 ! F

). 5 ! .0, 1 ). 5 ! .-2, 1 =!*. ! F

2
G " = F

) ! / ! 0, 1 ) ! / ! -2, 1 != !
F

2! 1 F

2
F 1 = F

, ' "
" " " & F! "
" & $

, " $
$ $ & )
,$
$ $ " - ) !
& ,
$2$ $

2, & H ! " -
!
=
! H " $
& ! H &! - $

=, ' " " 5 # 5

, " - >
, " - >

., % " ! ! "
" & F $ ) , > H
> '" H ) !.B , > "
! > ! )= -= , $

6, % " # # ! ., !
" " & F2 $ # #
).$2 B6! , - )2!. B2!* , >
" = > #
H $

.
( % EI9J9 K

J H
L 1 L ) ,) /M,>
L 1 L ) /M,>
L 1 L ) ,>
N
L 1 )L 5LM, ) ,> L 1 L / LM 1 L ) , / LM>
! " !
$ ! & $
E $
N
% L L L L L
% *!. 6!. =!27 *!76 *!76
% *!*. 4! !7= *! = *! =
%2 7!2. 6!. .!6 7!4 7!4
%= ! . 4! 6!4 !.4 !.4

O H
1 )L L , ; L ! 1L 5L ;L $
$ > ) ! !
; " ,$
E $
% 8 8 8 8
% !=.4 !*= *!6 !2 2*!2 2 !4*
% !. ! *4 =.!4 7! 6=!= = ! 6
%2 != !677 =$ 6!2.
%= !2*6 !6 * ! ! = != 2! 7

( H ) ,!
) ,$ " "
" !

1 )8 5 8, ;)8 5 8 , > 18 8 $

J H 18;8 $ %
" 1 ) - , ; ) - ,

6
1) - ,; $ " $2

E $2
%
% !.27 *! !7
% !. * 2.!= ! 2
%2 ! 6 !7 ! 7
%= ! 7!= !*4

% ! - K$2 K$= !

" " ) , "


$
< 2 < 2 ) % ,
O $=
E $=
% P?Q@ ?R% @ < 2 < 2 D ?:0; @
? 0; @ ? 0; @
% . =4 * !.
% . 2 ! !
%2 7 6
%= 7 4 2

( ! ! 2 -
K$ $G " H " & F !
- K$ $ "
" " " " " $
% " " " !
" ! H " & F

% %! ! "
! !" ! " >
% %! ! !
!" " >
% %2 ! " "H !
! " >
% %= ! ! !"
>
' ! " ! " & !
" " &
(F 1 64! > (F 1 66 !262 > (F2 1 6*! 646 > (F= 1 4 !. > (F. 1 4 ! 26 >
" & 5 F= F 1 !. > F F 1=! > F F2 14!. > F2 F.1 2! >

4
( ! " "
! " F= F. $

( % EI9J9

!"# $ !"!%" &%'(")* $+' ,)" )!% -% .+)(!'/ '%" #"'"0/$/

" . !
" $ 9 ! $ ( H
" ! " !
$
" ! H # " $
D # " !

( )1 2 .+(1 !34 2 . $ 5 .+(61 2 1 2 7 8 9:

S T!
S T!
. " " !
$ S T!
4 # " !
1 # " " " $

% !D 5 1 $' !
9 ! " $

( 9(J9J9 G 9IG FDGD0ED U9I(JG 9IG

- VV$ $ " )
> 5 , " & F2 F .! "
! $
U
W 1 != ; =! > W 1 2 !2=Q> W 1 # ; !6> # 1 !2* >
1 ) !2*-=!4., ; 1 : ; < > O 1 : ; < >
U
W 1 ; => W 1 =! 26Q> W 1 ; > 1 =! 2 >
1 ) -=, ; / = - !* / )=- !*, ; 1 =:; < > O 1 =:; < >

*
U 2
W2 1 !=. ; =! > W2 1 6!= Q> W2 1 !=. ; 2 > 2 1 =! . >
2 1 ) !=. - =, ; / = - ! . /) !4. - =, ; 1 =:= < > O2 1 =:= < >
U =
W= 1 ! ; =! > W= 1 !*6Q> W= 1 ! ; = > = 1 =! . >
= 1 ) ! - =, ; / !6 - = / ) !7 - =, ; 1 := < > O= 1 := < >
U .
W. 1 ! ; =!=> W. 1 !2 Q> W. 1 ! ; .> . 1 =!= >
. 1 )=!= - !*, ; 1 :> < > O. 1 :> < >

'DEDG< 0 GD XGDJE YZ FDGD0ED F D(YGJ U9I(

( H !
8 ?@
' ! L # )
# ,> -
L # 1 )L # / L # / [ / L # , ; )# / # / [ / # ,
S# T L
$
" ! "
X 1O - L 1 2! * - *!. 1 6 !6* :0>
X 1O - L ! # 1 6!* - *!.27 1 6! 6. :0>
X2 1 O2 - L2! # 1 6!6 - *!.== 1 !27 :0>
X= 1 O= - L= 1 =!6 - *!. 1 *.! :0>
X. 1 O. - L. 1 !4. - *!. 1 2 !24. :0>
2
L! #1 ) *!. - !6 / *!*. - ! , ; !* 1 *!.27 :0 ; >
2
L2! #1 ) *!. - != / *!*. - ! , ; !6 1 *!.== :0 ; >

( 9(J9J9 <% 0XDG 9IG ' ED 'D U9I(JG

' # " !
S T! -
8 .+(61 1 7 5 ( )1 2 .+(1 !34 .$
!

1 6 !6* 2 !2=Q 6 !6* 2 !2=Q Q .-=!4. 1 = :> > A >


1 6 !4.4 ) 6!2 =Q, / 6! 6. =! 26Q 6! 6. =! 26Q *Q
-=! 2 1 9:;B> A >
1 . !*74 ) 4!6 6Q, / !27 6!= Q !27 6!= Q *Q -=! . 1
:;B;A >
1 ..!*7* ) 2!..*Q, /*.! !*6 Q *.! !*6 Q Q .-=! . 1
: >9 A 0>

7
1 2=.!.4 ) !.6Q, / 2 !24. !2 Q 2 !24. !2 Q Q .-=!= 1
:>B;A >

'DEDG< 0 GD F (EIGJ9J 'D XJG 0Z Y


) 9 ,

' 9 ! - "
) 8 !3C 5 5 .:

1 X W>
1 X W>
1 >
! - "

D 1 2 !6. 5 . !267 P 5 =!4. >


D 1D ) 6$2=Q, / 2 !.4. 5 !2 P 5 =! 2 1 )2 !6. 5 . !267 P5
=!4. , ) 6!2=Q, / 2 !.4. 5 !2 P 5 =! 2 1 .7!772 5 4 !.6= P 5 *!6* >
D2 1 D ) 4!6 6Q, / 2!6*. 5 !6 P 5 =! . 1 ).7!772 5 4 !.6= P5
*!6* , ) 4!6 6Q, / 2!6*. 5 !6 P 5 =! . 1 42! =7 5 7 !6== P 5 !62 >
D= 1 D2 ) 2!.**Q, / =! =7 5*=!777 P 5=! . 1 )42! =7 5 7 !66= P 5
!62 , ) 2!..*Q, / =! =7 5 *=!777 P 5 =! . 1 44! .4 5244! 7= P 5 6!6 >
D. 1 D= ) !.6 Q, / !426 5 2 !264 P 5 =!= 1 ) 44! .4 5 244! 7= P5
6!6 , ) !.6 Q, / !426 5 2 !264 P 5 =!= 1 44!76= 5 = 7!2 P5 ! . >
' -
9B: !3C 5 :99 . 2 >>:B= 8 9
E
P1 C 1 44!76= ; ! . 1 2!4 :% >
1 C P 1 44!76= ; = 7!2 1 ! 7> P 1 !46Q>
G " - $ $

%' D ."'%" (!"# $ !E* &%'(")!/$/ ,) D"F" -% %?G$+"!"'% " $"./$/

! " H
# ! "
! ! " $
' ! " ! - $2$
-

8 .+(61 1 7 5 ( )1 2 H ( )6I 1 7 J K .+(1 5 H .+(6I 1 7 2 L !34 5. $ L


H1 # I 1 # >
1 " >

( 9(J9J9 XGDJEYZ F D(YGJ U9I(

% X 1 O - L! " !
! " L! $ (
)( 9, & ) \ & 1 (F= 5 (F 5 ,$ ' !
( 9 1 =! 24 $
" !
X 1 ) !6.72 - *!., / ) !6 4 - *!7.4 , 1 6 !*44 :0>
X 1 6!* - *!*64 1 *! 76 :0>
X2 1 6!6 - *!*2= 1 =!2 . :0>
X= 1 =!6 - *!7.4 1 *4! 2 :0>
X. 1 !4. - *!7.4 1 22! 4. :0>
0IEY 9 !
L ! #$

( 9(J9J9 %GD J0 \ 'GI E E (D

- $2! MH &
: GH # ! H
# & $
( H ! #M ! H
#M 1 ! > #M 1 !6 > #M2 1 !2 > #M= 1 ! > #M. 1 !7 > \M )
, 1 2!= >
% # M 1 LM - \M -
! 1 - 2!= - ! 1 2= :0 ; $
! # !
# " $
M ; M 1 !7 ; 4!66 > M 1 !44 :0; >
M 1 2= - ) !7 / =! * , ; 4!66 1 7!6 6 :0; >
M 2 1 2= - ).! / =! 4 , ; 4!66 1 4!=6 :0; >
M = 1 2= - )7! 4 / =! , ; 4!66 1 .!2.= :0; >
M . 1 M 1 2= :0; >
G # ! & !
-
H 1) M - !7 ,; 1 9:; A >
H 1) M / M , - =! *; 1 : ; A >
H 1) M / M2, - =! 4; 1 : A >
H 1) M= / M2, - =! ; 1 ;>:>> A >
H 1) M. / M=, - =!=7 ; 1 : >B A >
' # I! " " !
! "

] 1 !*; =! ⇒ ] 1 ! = Q> ] 1 !*; =! ⇒ ] 1 !2 Q> ]2 1 !4.;= ⇒ ]2


1 !6 Q> ]= 1 !*;=! ⇒ ]= 1 ! = Q> ]. 1 !7;=!= ⇒ ]. 1 !.6Q>
" " $

'DEDG< 0 GD JU%GD J0 %D 0F 9EG ED

" ! -
8 @ H ? MH ? $ :
#M ! " ! "
H ( 9$
O " "

1 - ! - !4 1 ;:> :0; >


1 - != - =! 2 1 B;:B :0; >
1 - 2! - =! . 1 9:> :0; >
1 - 2! - =! . 1 ;: = :0; >
1 - 2!2 - =!= 1 : :0; >

( 9(J9J9 <% 0XDG 9IG ' ED 'D U9I(JG

D- ! !

D 1D )W W , / X W 5 %M )] W , ^?X W / %M )] W , J @ _ / `!
" $ '" )] W , $

1 6 !*44 2 !2=Q !* = 7! 77Q ^?6 !*44 2 !2=Q / !* = 7! 77Q


*!4@ Q / . - =!4.` 1 : B :0>
1 .=!.7= ) 6!2 =Q, / *! 76 =! 26Q 2! =* !4 6Q
^? *! 76 =! 26Q / 2! =* !4 6Q 7*!7. @ *Q / - =! 2` 1 9:=; :0>
1 !6*2 ) 4!6 6Q, / =!2 . 6!= Q ..! =! Q
^? =!2 . 6!= Q / ..! =! Q !4.@ *Q / - =! .` 1 9B:9 9 :0>
1 7! ) 2!.**Q, / *4! 2 !*6 Q *4!44 *! 47Q
^?*4! 2 !*6 Q / *4!44 *! 47Q *! 6 @ Q / . - =! .` 1 B : :0>
1 7.!22= ) !.6Q, / 22! 4. !2 Q 22! 47 ! .*Q
^?22! 4. !2 Q / 22! 47 ! .*Q =.! 22@ Q / . - =!= ` 1 B :B 9 :0>
'DEDG< 0 GD F (EIGJ9J 'D XJG 0Z Y
) 9 ,

D- " ! 9 ! "
!
) 8 !3C 5 5 .:
" ! "
1 )X W / %M )] W , 5 J >
1 X W 5 %M )] W ,>
1 >
!
"
D 1 2 !7*4 5 2.!=4 P 5 =!4. >
D 1D ) 6!2 =Q, / 2 ! 5 =*!42. P 5 =! 2 1 )2 !7*4 52.!=4 P5
=!4. , ) 6!2 =Q, / 2 ! 5 =*!42. P 5 =! 2 1 .7!4. 5 * !4* P 5 *!6* >
D2 1 D ) 4!6 6Q, / 7!*6 5 .4!4=7 P 5 =! . 1 ).7!4. 5 * !4* P 5
*!6* , ) 4!6 6Q, / 7!*6 5 .4!4=7 P 5 =! . 1 67! *6 5 27!477 P 5 !62 >
D= 1 D2 ) 2!.**Q, 5 *! 26 5 =.!* 2 P 5 =! . 1 )67! *6 5 27!477 P5
!62 , ) 2!.**Q, 5*! 26 5 =.!* 2 P 5 =! . 1 6 !* = 5 *.!22* P 5 6!6 >
D. 1 D= ) !.6Q, 5 !7* 5 7! * P 5 =!= 1 )6 !* = 5 *.!22* P 5
6!6 , ) !.6Q, 5 !7* 5 7! * P 5=!= 1 >:; 2 9 : !3C 2 :99 .>
' -
9 : !3C 5 :99 . 2 >:; 8 9
E
P1 ⇒ 1 24!* ; ! . 1 !* :% >
1 ⇒ P 1 24!* ; =!2. 1 ! *. ⇒ P 1 !=*2Q>
G " - $=

%' D ."'%" (!"# $ !E* &%'(")!/$/ $" 3+$ '%" #'/(.E " $"./$/

! " H "
" ! " ! " "
" H $
X ! ) # ! !
" , " !
$

( 9(J9J9 JU%GD J0 %D 0F 9EG ED 0 ODG 0E

8 @H ? MH ? $ :

2
#M !
H H >
" ! $
1 - ! - !4 1 ;:> :0; >
1 - !* - =! 2 1 > : :0; >
1 - != - =! . 1 =: 9 :0; >
1 - ! - =! . 1 :9 :0; >
1 - != - =!= 1 >:=9 :0;
D ! !

8 .+(61 1 7 5 ( )1 2 K6 .+(1 2 7!3C 5 . $ L


! "

D 1 6 !*44 2 !2=Q ?)6 !*44 2 !2=Q *!4@ Q / . - =!4. 1 .=! . :0>


D 1 .=! . ) 6!2 =Q, / *! 76 =! 26Q 5 ?) *! 76 =! 26Q
4=! =, *Q / - =! 2@ 1 7!. . :0>
D2 1 7!. . ) 4!6 6Q, / =!2 . 6!= Q ?) =!. . 6!= Q .6!2. , *Q /
- =! .@ 1 6!7.2 :0>
D= 1 6!7.2 ) 2!..*Q, / *4! 2 !*6 Q ?)*4! 2 !*6 Q ==! .., Q/
. -=! .@ 1 47!6.4:0>
D. 1 47!6.4 ) !.6Q, / 22! 4. !2 Q ?)22! 4. !2 Q 4!6 =, Q/
. - =!= @ 1 2. ! :0>

'DEDG< 0 GD F (EIGJ9J 'D XJG 0Z Y


) 9 ,

' " "

)8 !3C 5 5 .:

1 )X W 5 J ,>
1 X W>
1 >
!
1 2 ! .6 5 2=!4 P 5 =!4. >
1D ) 6!2 =Q, / 2 ! 6 5 . ! . P 5 =! 2 1 )2 ! .6 5 2=!4 P5
=!4. , ) 6!2 =Q, / 2 ! 6 5 . ! . P 5 =! 2 1 6 ! . 5 *2!..4 P 5 *!6* >
1 D ) 4!6 6Q, / 2!*77 5 64! 4. P 5 =! . 1 )6 ! . 5*2!..4 P 5
*!6* , ) 4!6 6Q, / 2!*77 5 64! 4. P 5 =! . 1 4=!=4. 5 =7!77. P 5 !62 >
1 D2 ) 2!..*Q, / =!2.= 5 =2! 27 P 5 =! . 1 )4=!=4. 5 =7!77. P 5
!62 , ) 2!..*Q, / =!2.= 5 =2! 27 P 5 =! . 1 4*!6*. 5 7 !4=. P 5 6!6 >

=
1 D= ) !.6Q, / !4.= 5 .!.6 P 5 =!= 1 )4*!6*. 5 7 !4=. P 5
6!6 , ) !.6Q, / !4.= 5 .!.6 P 5 =!= 1 >B: 9 2 9;: !3C :99 .>
D

9;: !3C 5 :99 . 2 >B: 9 8 9

E
P1 ⇒ 1 47!= ; ! . 1 2!.= :% >
1 ⇒ P 1 47!= ; *! 2.> P 1 !*4=Q>
G " - $=$

( % EI9J9 2

" " -
! "
$
-
# &1 (E 5 (E 5 1 .! 24 >
( 91# & 5 1 =! 24 >
( " H &
( 1 )= / !.0, 3 1 = !. 3>
% 1 * 5 !.0, 3 1 6!. 3>
0 1 2 3>
2 2
L 1 6!6 / 0;= 1 4!2. :0; > L 1 6!* :0; >81 3> L 1 7! 62
2
:0; >
P1 5 0;= 1 ! .Q> 1 6 :% >
( ! ! "
$
% ! G
⇒ 1 2!.
O
% #8 : M #"'"0 5 >
% 4$6 ? @
! H & ! !.
$
% " & H !
<%!+-" DP $+'$

.
%Ia Z 9 0 D 'D EJG Z D
) R b( ,

D ! ( ! ) -
$ $,
& " " H
U>
D !2 '! H 1 DNF>
;
! 1 ) /#, 5 >
- !
;
1 ) / -; , >
U! (>

)"$ F" (!"# $ !E* !"$/F/$/ "<+)!% ,) D"F" -% %?G$+"!"'%

" $
" " "
0$ c ? @$ % ! d P 1 )L - # - P,; ]$
( dP 1 ! 4 ] 1 !.! ! b 1
!* *. - 1 ! = $( "

Q9 8 R9 M 8 : ; <S
T9 8 ?9 M 8 B: B <S

( " !
&H ) - $ ,$
F "
# ! " & ! ! "
H ! "H $
( 2$ ! "
1 "H >
# 1 & "H >
#M 1 & "H
H ( 9>
N
#M 1 "H H ( 9>
X 1 "H >
9 1 "H >
e9 1 "H " >
F# 1 " # >
J # " # )f , #
)], # " "H )W ,$

6
% 2$
1 - # - L)L ,> L L ! "
>
M 1 LM - #NM - 9 - ! >
8 LM - #M - e9 - ! >
D- "
7 = 7 = * 7
F 1 ∑X W / ∑ e9 / ∑F# f / ∑X W P / ∑F# f P ∑J P,;∑X W
. . . . . .

!
F 1) 2=!6 * / 44! 26 / 4!672 / 2 6!6.6 / 4.!4=* 5 .*!62.,; 6*! *4 1 ! 62
' F g !. $

)"$ F" (!"# $ !E* !"$/F/$/ "<+)!% $" 3+$ '%" #'/(.E " $"./$/

( 2$ $

E 2$ $
0$ # #M X W X W W X W P J e e9
"H ? @ ? @ ? @ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ? @ ?:0@
2 = . 6 4 * 7
. $6 !2 !2 2!=2 ! * !76 !76 ! * !*4 !6 . !
= ! 4 !7 !7 *!2. != 4!2=2 !7 6 6!.=2 !. ! 64 *!6*
2 ! 4 !4 !4 2=!64 !2 != 2 !7.= !*6= 7! 4 ! 4!7=
! 4 != != =*!7. ! 7!47 !747 *!6. 6! ! 7 4!=4
! 4 2! 2! 6 ! 7 ! 6! 7 !77. 2!644 2 ! 6 ! 4. 4!
! 4 2!. 2!. 4 !27 ! ! ! 4!46 24!=. ! 4 4!
! 4 2!7 2!7 47!.. ! 4!7.. !77. 2 !4* = !7= ! 4. 4!
! 4 =! =! *.!64 ! 4! 2= !747 2 !6= =.!*4 ! 7 4!=4
2 ! 4 =!= =!= *7!4. !2 6!7 . !7.= 22! 7= =7!2. ! 4!7=
= ! 4 =!. =!. 7 !47 != 26!4 . !7 6 2 !4 = . !.= ! 64 *!6*
. ! 4 =!2 2!7 *6!7* !. =2!=*7 !*66 7! 7 =*! 7 ! 2. 7!4*
6 ! 4 =! 2! * !6 !6 =*!76* !* .!27 = ! !224 !=
4 ! 4 2!. !7 6*!=6 !4 =4!7 !4 = 7! *!=4 !=7* 2!74
* ! 4 ! != = !.4 !* 22! 6 !6 7!4 4! 2 !4*2 *!.2
7 !4 !* 7!4 !.*7 .!4 !* * 2! .2 !*66 2!*6

% 2$ $
"
8 # ? M ? @: H L L! "
>
" &
8 @H ? MH ? U$ ? :99>

4
*
D- " F

( 86 ∑ ( )1 5 ∑. U 5 ∑ .+(1 !3C 2 ∑ ( )1 S
9 B B B
!3C7O∑
9

F 1 )2=!6 * / 44! 26 / 2 6!6.6 5 4 !=*4,; 6*! *4 1 :=>>


% F > !2 $

)"$ F" (!"# $ !E* !"$/F/$/ "&"$ $" 3+$ '%" #'/(.E " $"./$/

! " "
F ! " - $2$
"
2$2$
E 2$2$

0$ \ #M X W X W W X W J e9 e9
"H ? @ ? @ ? @ ?:0@ ?Q@ ?:0@ ?Q@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ? @ ?:0; @
2 = . 6 4 * 7
6 !. != != 2!* ! 7 ! !7.4 2!6=42 ! 7 !. 2 *!26
. ! ! ! !767 !=*. ! 47 !*4= *!22 !.*= ! == *!2
= ! !7 !7 26! 7 !2** =! 66 !7 22!244 !6 7 ! *. 4!262
2 ! !6 !6 =7!.6= ! 7 =!=26 !7.4 =4!= . 4! 4 ! =. 6!4 .
! 2!2 2!2 6 !7 * ! 7= ! . !7* 6 !4 22!6 4 ! 7 6!2
! 2!* 2!* 4 !== ! 74 4! 22 !77. 4 ! 7* 2*! 7 ! . 6! 46
! =!2 =! * !6 * ! ! ! * !6 * = ! ! 6!
! =!6 =! *4! . ! 74 *!==4 !77. *6!.7= = ! ! . 6! 46
! =!* =! 7 !=4. ! 7= 4!.6* !7* **!4.2 = !47* ! 7 6!2
2 ! =!7 =! 7 !*64 ! 7 6!4.4 !7.4 *4!**= = !* ! =. 6!4 .
= ! =!7 2!7 7 !676 !2** 2.!6 !7 *=!=77 = !2 2 ! *. 4!262
. ! =!* 2!. *7! 46 !=*. =2!22* !*4= 4*! . = ! = ! == *!2
6 ! =!6 2! *=!7. !.* . =7!=*. !* 2 67! =* 26!7 ! 2 7!6*.
4 ! =! !2 46!* !6476 . ! !422 .6!2=6 2 !2.2 !262 !*
* ! 2! != .4!7 * !4464 ==!7*. !62 26!=* ! 6 !.*4 .!=
7 ! !4 7!=7. !*424 .!44 !=*6 =!2== ! .6 2 !7

D- " "
9 B B ; B
( 8 ∑ ( )1 5 ∑. U 5 ∑ .+(1 !3C ∑ ∑ ( )1
!3C7O∑
= = = = 9

!
F 1 ).7! 27 / 72!4 / 2.4!*. 5 *=!67=,;2 =! 62 1 !42

7
% F g !2 $

)"$ F" (!"# $/!E* !"$/F/$/ "&"$ (/# ".* /)%" (% (< .E

O " - $2$ %
" " ! !
$' - H "
H " ! "
" H $
% "
! H
2$=$
E 2$=$

0$ # # X X R ! R !
"H ? @ ? @ ? @ ? @ ? @ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0@ ?:0 @
6 != *!2 !. 2!* 6 ! * ! 6* ! 6* *!*6=
. ! *!= ! !767 ! 4 .!66 .!66 =4!.6
= !7 *!= ! 26! 7 ! 4 7!4* 7!4* * ! .
2 !6 *!= ! =7!.6= ! 4 2!2* 2!2* !=
2!2 *!= ! 6 !7 * ! 4 6!7*. 6!7*. = !64=
2!* *!2 ! 4 !== ! * ! *2 ! *2 6*!2.
=! ! *! 6! ! 4*! .* 2!=4 ! 7 !24 !666 ! *= 2!7. .7!262
=! != *! .!* ! * ! 6. 6!7= !2 !2* =! !6= 6!66 7!*4
=! !6 4!7 .!. ! * ! 6. != !2 !27 =!* =! 6 *!** *!=
2 =! !7 4!4 .! ! 46! . .!6 . !2 != =!= 6! =6 2 !6=6 !2=.
= 2!7 ! 4!. =!7 ! 4=!2=6 4!2. !22 != =!.2= 4! *4 2 !* 7!4 =
. 2!. !2 4! =!4 ! 66!4 !... !2= !== !6*. 7!7 = 2 !6 7 !
6 2! !6 6!* =!. ! .4! 7 4!46 !2. !=. ! !=7 2 !. 7 !2=
4 !2 !7 6!= =!2 ! =2!*=. 2 !76. !26 !=6 .!4*= .! 6= 2 !7=* 66!
* != !* 6! =! ! 6!6** 2 ! 2 !2* !=4 ! = =!64* =!* 7 2!474
7 !4 =! ! 7!=7. !=* =! .* =! .* .6!62

2$=$ "
(
M 1 "H >
)
M 1 "H >
( )
- : - 1 "H )
! , H
>
( )
: 1 "H !
>
( )
V (: :V (: 1 " >
( )
: 1" >
( )
8 5 S
-1 " >
D- " "
9 B B ; B
( ∑ ( )1 5 ∑.
8 6∑ 5 ∑ .+(1 !3C ∑ !3C7O∑
∑6 ( )1 5 - O 7
= = = = 9

F 1 ).7! 27 / 72!4 / 2.4!*. 5 *=!67=,;)2 =! 62 / 4! 62, 1 9:BB>

( % EI9J9 O

F " " & F! H


\ 1 ).B4, > # 1 \;2> U 1 \; B\;2> 1
) !* B ! , > '" 1 ) ! B ! , >
F ! !
- O$ $
( " H
L 1 6!.:04 2> 1 ! :% >
L 1 *!. :0; 2> P 1 =Q>
1 .B2 3 >
U $

%!%'< )"'%" ,<G )3%' ".! &% ,) G+!%F%$% ")A )% +/$+<#

=$ $ $ G :

< " - O$ $ %
G : "
1 L-\-: !
: 1 )=.Q P; ,>
!
1 6!. - *!. - )=.Q =Q; , 1 . !4 2
G % 1 )L - \ - : ,; 1 ) *!. - 6!. - != 42,; 1
6=!* 4! ) - 6!.,;2 1 =!22 " $

=$ $ $ (

( ! - "
(θ + φ )
 − β)
V" 8
(θ − δ ) +
(φ + δ ) (φ
θ 
 (θ − δ ) (θ + β)

!
G"'"<%)!

(* !*4 + =)
 
R 1 1 !=24>
(* !*4 − 6 ) +
( = + 6) ( = − )
 (* !*4 − 6) (* !*4 + ) 
* !*4

θ
1γ⋅
* !*4
1 *!. ⋅ =!2 ⋅ !=24 ⋅ 1 2.!* :0; >
δ
⋅ ⋅
6
% 1γ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 1 *!. ⋅ =!2 ⋅ !=24 ⋅ 1 4=!4= :0; >

G"'"<%)!

(7 + =)
 =
R 1 1 !24.>
(7 − 6) + ( = + 6)

 (7 − 6) 7 
7

θ
1γ⋅
7
⋅ ⋅ = *!. ⋅ =!2 ⋅ !24. ⋅ = 2 ! 2. :0; >
δ 6
θ
1γ⋅
7
⋅ ⋅ = * !. ⋅ 6!. ⋅ !24. ⋅ = =6!7* :0; >
δ 6
γ ⋅ θ  
× = > L 1 γ  +  >
(θ + β )  
\ 1
γ
γ⋅
% 1γ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = *!. ⋅ ! ⋅ !24. ⋅ + *!. ⋅ =!2 ⋅ ! ⋅ !24. =

1 * != 4 :0; >

- "
f1 #
& >
 
 ÷ φ >
2 2
h1 # " H >
]1 # " >
P1 # " >
%!%'< )"'%" ,<G )3%' G"( &% G% G"'"<%)!/$
6 G+!%F" +/$+<#7

D- " ( !

 
 
(θ − φ )
=  ×
 (φ + δ )⋅ (φ + β )  θ⋅ (θ i+δ )
>
 − 
 (θ + δ )⋅ (θ + β ) 
!
 
 
(7 − =)
=  × = =! 4* >
 ( = + 6) ⋅ = 7 ⋅ (7 + 6)
 − 
 (7 + 6) ⋅ 7 
θ
=γ ⋅
7
⋅ ⋅ = *!. ⋅ ! ⋅ =! 4* ⋅ = 7*!* :0; >
δ 6
= ⋅γ ⋅ ⋅ = !. ⋅ *!. ⋅ ! ⋅ =! 4* = .6!7*2 :0; >

%' D ."'%" (!"# $ !E* %$%<%)!/$/ $" !%'< )"'%" .+)(!'/.* %

=$2$ $ O "

( " -
η = !

< 1 !" ! >


< 1 !" ! >
a &
" ! !
$ !

$ $
( !
$
X 1 !66-.!2- !.- - =!. 1 :; :0>
X 1 !7-=!2- - =!. 1 B :; :0>
X2 1 !26-=!2- !.- =!. 1 ;:B= :0>
X= 1 !4=- ! - - =!. 1 B :>;= :0>

2
X. 1 !=6- ! - - =!. 1 :B :0>
X6 1 ) !=* / !*=,- !.-=!2- - *!. 1 : 9 :0>
( " - O$2! "
( 1 X. - . / X - / X - / X6 - 6 / X2 - 2 / X= - = / % )7 Q f / h, / % h/
j- !6 / % h- != 1 = !7 =- !42 / = !*.- ! = / 7=!* .- !7 / . !. 2- !*6 /
*!762- !=* / 72!4*6- !22 / 4=!4= )7 Q *.! 26Q/ 6Q,- !6 / 2! -* != 4 6Q /
.- !7- !7 / .6!7*2- 6Q- != 1 ;;>:; :0 >

'1 % )7 Q f/h,-2!62 / % h 1 4=!4= )7 Q *.! 26Q/ 6Q,-2!62 /


* != 4 6Q- ! . 1 :B :0 >
- " !

**4!*.
η = = !6.
22=!7

' k g ! $

=$2$ $ O "

D- "

η =
∑ +∑ +


!

∑ ∑ ! ! !
! j $O
& $
∑X 1 = !*. / 7=!* . / *!762 / 72!4*6 / = !7 = / . !. 2 1 2=.!476 :0>
∑ 1 4=!4= )7 Q *.! 2Q/ 6Q, / * != 4 6Q / .6!7*2 6Q 16=!7 :0>
∑ 1 4=!4= )7 Q *.! 2Q/ 6Q, / * != 4 6Q .6!7*2 6Q 1 7=!22. :0>
!

2=.!476 + 6=!7 + . ⋅ $7
η = ⋅ !. = ! 76
7=!22.
" ! !.$

=$2$ $O "

%
! = ± !

=
01 " >
1 >
<1 ! " >
81 >
O ! $
0 1 2=.!476 / 6=!7 / .- !7 1 =22! 4 :0>
< 1 = !*.- !26 / = !7 =- !*4 5 .- !7- !2 5 7=!* .- !2 5
. !. 2- ! 6 *!762- !** 5 72!4*6- !42 5 .6!7*2 6Q- != / 4=!4= )7 Q
*.! 26Q/ 6,-2!62 5 4=!4= )7 Q *.! 26Q/ 6Q,- ! / * != 4 6Q- ! . 5
* != 4 6Q- !6 1 .! 2 :0 >
%

.! 2 ⋅ 6
= ±
=22! 4
!
2! 2!

1 2.!2* / 64!=6 1 !*= :% >


1 2.!2* 5 64!=6 1 64!7 :% >
' l 1 2 :% g ⇒ "
" $

=$2$ $O "

σ ! = ±

J H - O$=!
0 1 X N/ X / X2 /X6N/ j / % )7 Q *.! 26Q/ 6Q, 1 !.24.-=!2- !.- =!. /
7=!* . / *!762 / !26-=!2- !.- *!. / .- !7 / 4=!4= !462Q 1 .!= 6 :0>
< 1 *!2 2- !.= 5 7=!* .- ! 7 5 *!762- !66 5 =!2 7- !4* 5
4=!4= !462Q- !4* / 4=!4= !462Q- !=2 1 6 !2=2 :0 >
%

.!= 6 6 !2=2 ⋅ 6
σ ! = ±
!474. !474.

σ = =! 42 + .!44 = 2 ! =
σ = =! 42 − .!44 = − !.
% U ! m 1 6!. <% m 1 !6 <% $ ' m lm m lm !
" $

.
%' D ."'%" (!"# $ !E* %$%<%)!/$/ ,) D"F" -% %?G$+"!"'%

0 ! " =! 24 $
$

=$=$ $O "

( " -
η =

! ! !
! " - O$=$ <
$
< 1 **4!*. / ) ! ./ !*,- !.-2!2- - !. 1 7 =!47 :0 >
< 1 22=!7 :0 >
7 =!47
η = = !4
22=!7
=$=$ $O "

∑X 1 2=.!476 / 22! 6 1 247! :0>


D- " -
247! + 6=!7 + . ⋅ !7 =66 != 2
η = ⋅ = ⋅ !. = !=4
7=!22. 7= !22.
=$=$ $O "

0 1 =22! 4 / 22! 6 1 =66!= 2 :0>


< 1 .! 2 / 22! 6- !**.. 1 ==!.2. :0 >

=66!= 2 == !.2. ⋅ 6
! = ±
2! 2!
1 =.!4.4 / *=!6** 1 2 !==. :% >
1 =.!4.4 5 *=!6** 1 6 ! 67 :% >
( ! "
H " $

=$=$ $O "

0 1 .!= 6 / ! *4.- !2- !.- 1 *!4 :0>


< 1 6 !2=2 / 2!2 6- !* 2 1 6=!77* :0 >
6= !77* ⋅ 6
= ±
*!4
σ !
!474. !474.

6
σ = 6! + !4 = 26!* 2
σ = 6! − !4 = −=!.*7
' m m H !
! U ! " $
0IEY
O " ! " ! -
$

( % EI9J9 O

" ! " " &


F! H
! 01 2 / -0 1 2. :0>
! 0 1 42 :0 < 1 . :0 >
'" H 1 ) !.B ! , >
! )= -= , >
" >
"G". !"!%" G+'!")!E " G $+!/$/ $/.'P)- F+$"!

.$ $ $(

( - !

= ( ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅∑ ⋅ )!
: 1 !4 " >
1 > 1 5 " >
1 != - != 1 ! 6 5 >
J 1 =- != 1 !6 5 >
G 1 4 * :% 5 H H" >
" 1 " & >
1 >
" 1 ! :0; > " 1 ==!24. :0; > "2 1 6.!62 :0; >
G
= !4 [ ⋅ 4 * ⋅ ! 6 + ⋅ !6 ( ! ⋅ 6 !* + ==$24. ⋅ 2! . + 6.!62 ⋅ )] = 6 !64 ≅ 6

.$ $ $(

G

!! = !

4
1 2- 1 2- != 1 ! 5 >
( H !
=
(* + . ) =4 6 !64 ≅ 4 4 >
2 ⋅ !=
!!

.$ $ $(

( "
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅∑ ⋅ !
R! J! " ! " .$ $ ! 1 !6 $
= !4 ⋅ !6 ⋅ !6 ⋅ ( ! ⋅ 6!* + ==!24. ⋅ 2! . + 6.!62 ⋅ ) = 27

"G". !"!%" G+'!")!E " G $+!/$/ $/.'P)- ,) 3'/G

( H
" = ⋅ !
" $
 
=   !
 
% " ! " ?2@$

!
= 2⋅ = ! - >
= ∑ ⋅ "ε " >
− >
ε − # " H " ?2@$
( " "
= ∑ ⋅ "ε = 6!* ⋅ ! 4 + 2! . ⋅ ! *4 + ⋅ ! . = !*..
!
= = != 2= ⇒ = !7
!*..
" = !7 ⋅ 6 = == !2 ≅ ==
.$ $ $'

0
= !
"

G -
$
= 2
= = 7!*6* ≅ !#
==
< " - O$ $

*
( % EI9J9 O

W W

" # # ! H
$ "
$ (# $

= '%- <%)( +)"'%" .M%(+)/$/

' ! H
! 9 1 6!* > U 1 =!* >
X 1 . ! # ! #
" H $ " ! ?2@!
W12 Q 1 $
' - O$ $

= "$./$/$ ,<G )3%' GE<P)!/$/ G% G%'%* .M%(+)/$/

H # G : !
H " " & $( " !
 φ
=γ⋅ = " =. o −  $
 
H ⋅ ! !

=
 
= *!. ⋅ !2 ⋅ "  =. o −  =
o

 
" !7= ;

 .o 
= *!. ⋅ !2 ⋅ "  =. o −  = = ! 6. ;
 
 .o 
" = =! 6. + * !*. ⋅ =!*. ⋅ "  =. o −  = 6*! 2
 
;

2
 7o 
= ( * !. ⋅ !2 + *!*. ⋅ =!*.) ⋅ "  =. o −  = .*!44.
 
;

"
 7o 
= ( * !. ⋅ !2 + *!*. ⋅ =!*. + ! . ⋅ ! ) ⋅ "  =. o −  = 4 !
 
;

G " " & !

7
 
= !. ⋅ *!. ⋅ !2 ⋅ " =. o −  = 4!
o

 
! ;

= ! 6. + 6*! 2
! = ⋅ =!*. = 77 ! * ;

.*!44. + 4 !
!2 = ⋅ ! = 44!*4* ;
%
− $ = !2 ⋅ = !*64 # ! %
2
⋅ =! 6. + 6* ! 2 =!*.
−$ = ⋅ = !*7. # !
=! 6. + 6* ! 2 2
⋅ .* !44. + 4 ! !
− $2 = ⋅ = !.* # !
.*!44. + 4 ! 2

= %' D ."'%" .M%(+)/$/

6$2$ $ X

( H # .!*== !
= 2!. ⋅ .!. = 7 ! .
= ( !. + ⋅ ! ) ⋅ (=!. + ⋅ ! )= 7!=7
=
&
2
⋅ + + ( ⋅ = 7! . + 7! =7 + ) ( 7! . ⋅ 7 !=7 )= = !26= 2

= .!*== ⋅ !. ⋅ =!. = 6. !4=. 2


O # " "

& ! = − = 4.!6 7 2

O " # !6.6 $

= 7!=7 > = ( !. + ⋅ ! .6) ⋅ (=!. + ⋅ ! .6 ) = 2 !447

=
!6.6
2
(
⋅ 7 !=7 + 2 !447 + 7! =7 ⋅ 2 !447 = . !.26 2 )
= !. ⋅ =!. = ! . > = (=!* − !=) ⋅ (6!* − !=) = *! *7
=
!6.6
2
⋅ ( ! . + * ! *7 + )
! . ⋅ * ! *7 = 2 !642 2

# # = − = 7!*62 2

O #

= & ! + # # = 4.!6 7 + 7!*62 = 7.!=* 2

X # " & !
= ⋅γ / .(
= )+! ,-* ⋅ *, !+ = *'') !'()

2
6$2$ X H

γ & + γ & + γ 2 &2 *!. ⋅ !2 + *!*. ⋅ =!*. + ! .⋅ !


γ = = = *!7*= ; 2

& + & + &2 4!2.


= !6.6 ⋅ 4!2. ⋅ !. ⋅ 2 ! =* ⋅ *!7*= = 62!7*

6$2$ $ F H " #

"
0 10 20
0 " "
0 "
0 1 3 !
3 1 "3 " " >

0 ! = "φ ⋅ ! = " o
⋅ 4! = !*42 ;
0 ! = "φ ⋅ ! = " . o ⋅ 77! * = .2!274 ;
0 !2 = "φ 2 ⋅ !2 = " 7o ⋅ 44!*4* = 6!* . ;

0! = ⋅ ⋅& = ⋅ . ⋅ !2 = 2 ;
2 2
0! = ⋅ ⋅ & = ⋅ 2 ⋅ =!*. = 74 ;
2 2
0 !2 = ⋅ 2 ⋅ &2 = ⋅ 4 ⋅ ! = .6 ;
2 2
!

0 . 1 .+ -4' 5 6 0 * 1 .+( ')4 5 6 0' 1 -* -.+ 5 6

! 0 1 .+( ')4 5

6$2$ $ O " H #

O " # "

= !
0⋅

+ 227!2 7 + 62!7*
= = = !742
& !

0⋅ . !274 ⋅ 2! =*

2
' l ! H # ! !
$

6$2$ $ ( # " H

(# & ! & "


!49$ < " #
227
7= = = 2=2!= ;
6!*
2=2!= ⋅ ! *
= = 47! 42

2=2!= ⋅ 6!* =!46*= 2=2!= ⋅ 2!= 6


= ⋅ − = 47 !42
=

6$2$"$ (

9 #
= !

( #

− !. ⋅ & ⋅ "φ ) ⋅ ( ⋅ γ ⋅ )!
H 1 &( $
=( γ + ⋅ + & ⋅γ ⋅ 7

8. " H >
8* " H >
8 7 " $
% 3 1 .)9 ! " ?2@!

( )
8 1 * :- 1 .: ): 1 4 -,
− !. ⋅ !6.6 ⋅ " 7 ⋅ ( ! ! . ⋅ !6* + 4 ⋅ 6!76 + !6.6 ⋅ *!*. ⋅ 4!*=) =
7
= ! o
⋅ 4*!*6* ;
227
= = ! 4 !
4*
H ! H ! 1 * .4
F - ! " " -
! "
227
= = =
( + / ) (6!* + =!* )
; !6

=
⋅ "α ⋅ " (α + φ )
⋅ ;=
! ⋅ " 2 o ⋅ " 2 o + 7o

( ) !6 = .!= 7
+ ⋅ "α ⋅ !*=. + ! ⋅ " 2 o
&

= ; + & = !6 + .!= 7 = 2!44.

2
? @ $! G %$! U 0$! ! !" " ! & # < ;! %=% D
% # ! 7*6
? @ $! G %$! U 0$! ! !" " ! & # <;! %===% D
% # ! 7*6
?2@ G %$! < O$! $ $! ! & > # ? @
D ' % U 7*2
?=@ % G$! A! # & ! & ;! % = D ' %
U 74=
?.@ 0$ X$ $ $ B ! ! ! # ! & ! &
D ( U 7*2
?n@ 0

22

You might also like