Antenna Basics

EE144/245 Spring 2007

H. Miranda
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Antenna Types
„ Shapes
„ Wire: dipole, loop, helix, Yagi
„ Aperture: horn, dish
„ Printed: patch, printed dipole, spiral, slot
„ Gain
„ High (> 20 dB): dish
„ Medium (10 .. 20 dB): horn, helix, Yagi
„ Low (< 10 dB): dipole, loop, slot, patch
„ Beam shapes
„ Omnidirectional: dipole
„ Pencil beam: dish
„ Fan beam: array
„ Bandwidth
„ Wide: Log periodic, spiral, helix
„ Narrow: patch, slot
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Various Antennas
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Antenna Pattern

• HPBW – Half Power Beam Width

• FNBW – First Null Bandwidth
• SLL – Side Lobe Level

FNBW = 2 HPBW
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Radiation Diagram
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Antenna Gain

„ Gain and Beamwidth estimation

„ D – aperture dimension in the

plane of the pattern
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Antenna Bandwidth

„ Ratio of power coupled

into the antenna
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Dipole Antenna

G = 2.2 dB
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Horn Antenna
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Dish Antennas
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Polarization
„ Defined by the E-field orientation in relation to the Earth’s surface
„ Linear
„ Vertical, Horizontal, Oblique
„ Circular
„ RHCP – Right Hand CP
„ LHCP – Left Hand CP
„ Mitigate reflections
„ Eliptical