Design a transformer given the following:

Input voltage: 220V

Output voltage: 125V
Output Current: 5A
Frequency: 1kHz
We design a CCM flyback transformer

flyback transformer in a television receiver circuit,the horizontal output transformer.

The unit supplies horizontal scanning voltage and kickback voltage, which is rectified to
produce the highvoltage direct-current (dc) anode potential.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Input Voltage Vg=220Vrms
Output (full load) 125Vac(Vrms) at 5A
Switching Frequency 1kHz
Magnetizing current ripple 25% of dc magnetizing current
Duty Cycle D= .4
125
Turns ratio n2/n1= ; step 1 shows it why
220
Copper loss 625W
Fill Factor Ku=.4
Maximum Flux density Bmax=.725T

1st step: Definition of the turns ratio and the duty cycle
We choose instead of 50% a lower DC of 40% (0.4).The relationship between maximum
duty cycle and turns ratio is given by the following formula:

Where,
vTmax maximum duty cycle: vTmax =
Ton/(Ton+Toff)
Ui = input voltage
N1, N2 = number of primary and secondary turns
Uo* = output voltage taking the diode voltage
into account (Uo+ UD)

We assume a 220Vrms input;

N1 .4 220
Then = ×
N 2 1−.4 125+.7
¿ 1.166
For ease of design we choose a turns ratio of 1.166:1. Now we calculate the maximum
duty cycle with this turns ratio:
1.17
V tmax= =.40
220
1.17+
125+.7

2nd step:Definition of inductance

The effective or RMS current is that with which the copper losses are calculated. It is
the current averaged over the
period. For the secondary side we get:

I output 5
I rms(sec)= = =6.45A
√1−V t √ 1−.4
For the effective current on the primary winding we calculate:
η = efficiency (generally around 80%)
Po
I rmsprime=
Ui× η ×√V t
625
¿
220× .8× √ .4
¿ 1.78A

Itot=I1+I2(n2/n1)=7.29A

Io
I ave, sec =
1−Vt

5
=
1−0.4

= 8.33 A

Po
I aveprimary =
Ui x η x Vt

625W
=
220 x .8 x .4
 = 8.88 A

We compute for the inductance,

Uo(1−Vt )
Lsec=
.25 xIave, secf

220 x .6
Lsec=
.25 x 8.33 x 1000

Lsec=.633 mH

Lpri=Lsec ¿

Lsec=.863 mH

3rd step:Selection of the core

Basic converter calculations
Components of magnetizing current.referred to primary
By Ohms Law R=36:
n2 1 V
I m=( )
n 1 D' R
1 1 125
¿ ( )( )
1.167 .6 25
¿ 7.141 A
∆ i m =( 25 % ) I m=1.785 A

I m ,max =I m +∆ i m=8.926 A

Choose magnetizing inductance

V g DT s
LM=
2 ∆ im
¿ 0.02465

Choosing core we must satisfy:

K g=( 1.724 µΩ cm ) ¿ ¿
= 15.756cm5
The smallest EE core that satisfies this inequality (Appendix D) is the EE 70

Computing the number of turns:

LmIm , max 4 1
n 1= 10 n 2= 93.097
BmaxAc 1.167

.0245 x 0.8926 4
n 1= 10
.725 x 3.24
n 2=8 0

n 1=93.0 97
I 1 1.78 A
α 1= = =.244
I tot 7.29 A
n2 I 2 1 6.45 A
n2 α 2= = ≅ .758
n 1= n1 n1 I tot 1.167 7.29 A
n1

.244 x .4 x 3.24
¿
93.097
= 3.4m cm2 AWG#21

.758 x .4 x 3.24
=
80

= 12.2m cm2 AWG#16