CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION

1.1 HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM :

a)Identify the structure of the human
respiratory system and human lung
b)Describe the process of inhalation &
exhalation due to breathing mechanism
c) Relate the changes of air pressure in the
thoracic cavity to inhalation and exhalation.
PREPARED BY :KHAIRIN KHAIRUDIN
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 INHALATION EXHALATION
Ribs go upward and out ward Ribs go _______and __________

Diaphragm contact and flatten Diaphragm ________and ___________

Volume of thoracic cavity increase Volume of thoracic cavity __________

Air pressure inside the lung decrease Air pressure inside the lung _________

Air enter the lung Air ________ the lung

 1.2 TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN
IN THE HUMAN BODY
a) Describe the diffusion of oxygen
from the alveoli into the blood
capillaries
b) Describe the transport of oxygen by
blood
c) Describe the diffusion of oxygen
from the blood capillaries into the
cells
 Characteristics of the alveolus

1.There’s a lot of alveolus (millions)

2.One cell thick wall
3.A moisture
4.Covered by a network
of blood capillaries
1. When we inhale, oxygen is in high
concentration at alveolus compare to
the blood capillaries.
2. Oxygen dissolve and diffuse into blood
capillaries . The movement of oxygen is
from high concentration area to low
concentration area.
3. Inside the blood capillaries, there are red
blood cell which contain haemoglobin .
4. Oxgen + haemoglobin 
oxyhaemoglobin
5. Transportation of blood happen
throughout the body
6. When the blood reaches the
tissues,oxyhaemoglobin is broken down
and oxygen is released
7. At the same time,carbon dioxide from
the cells will diffuses into blood
capillaries to be carried back to the lung.
 1.3 : THE IMPORTANCE OF A
HEALTHY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
a) List the substances which are harmful to
the respiratory system
b) Explain the effects of pollutants on the
respiratory system
c) List the diseases that affect the respiratory
system
d) Practise good habits to improve the quality
of air