Chapter 5:

 
Design of Permanent Joints
 
 
(Welded Joints)
 
5.0 Introduction
 5.1 Butt and Fillet Welds
 5.2 Stresses in Welded Joints in Torsion
 5.3 Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending
 
 

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 Introduction
A weldment is fabricated by welding together a
collection of metal shapes, cut to particular
configurations.
During welding, the several parts are held securely
together, often by clamping or jigging.
The welds must be precisely specified on working
drawings, and this is done using the welding symbol, as
standardized by the American Welding Society (AWS).

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The arrow of this symbol points to the joint to be welded. 3
The body of the symbol contains as many
of the following elements as are deemed
necessary:

Reference line
Arrow
Basic weld symbols as in Figure 1
Dimensions and other data
Supplementary symbols
Finish symbols
Tail
Specification or process

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Basic weld symbols

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 Fillet welds:
•The number indicates the leg size; the arrow should point only to
one weld when both sides are the same
• the symbol indicates that the welds are intermittent and
staggered 60 mm along on 200 mm centres.

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Weld is go around

Butt or groove welds

(a) square butt-welded
(b) single V
(c) double V
(d) single bevel

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Special groove welds
(a) T-joint (b) U and J welds (c) corner weld (d) edge weld

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The average normal stress,  = F / hl
Stress due to shear loading,  = F / hl

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A transverse fillet weld

F 1.414 F
 
0.707hl hl
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Parallel fillet welds
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’ = V/A
where
V = shear force
A = throat area of all
welds

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 Secondary shear, ’’ = Mr / J
Where:
r = distance from the centroid of weld group to the point in the
weld of interest
J = second polar of moment of area

The throat width of a fillet weld is 0.707h,

The relationship between J and the unit value is

J = 0.707 h Ju
Where
h = weld size
Ju found by conventional methods for an area having unit width

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Torsional
properties of
fillet weld

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Work out the example 9-
1 (page 467)

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Exercise:
The figure shows a welded steel bracket loaded by a static
force F. Estimate the factor of safety if the allowable shear
stress in the weld throat is 120 MPa.

Answer: N = 3.57

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The shear force produces a primary shear in the welds
of magnitude
’ = V/A
Where: V = shear force
A = throat area of all welds

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The second moment of area
Iu = bd2 / 2
 
The second moment of area based on weld throat area,
I = 0.707 h Iu = 0.707 h bd2 / 2
 
The nominal throat shear stress

Md
2 1.414M
 =Mc/I= 2

0.707hbd 2 bdh

For bending properties of fillet welds, refer to

Table 9-2 (Page 470-471)
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Work out the example 9-
4 (page 476)

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 ~ END ~
Thank you for your kind
attention.

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