DIAGNOSTIC PTOCEDURE:

1. Sit-lamp examination – to provide magnification and visualize opacity of the lens

2. Tonometry – to determine IOP and rule out other conditions

3. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy – to rule out retinal ease

4. Perimetry - to determine the scope of the visual field (normal with cataract)

MANAGEMENT:

General:

1. Surgical removal of the lens is indicated.

2. Cataract surgery is usually done under local anesthesia.

3. IOL implants are usually implanted at the time of cataract extraction, replacing
thick glasses that may provide suboptimal refraction.

4. If IOL implant is not used, the patient will be fitted with the appropriated eye
glasses or a contact lens in correct refraction after the healing process.

Surgical Procedures:

1) intracapsular extraction- the lens as well as the capsule are rmoved through a small
incision.

2) extracapsular extraction- the lens capsule incised, and the nucleus, cortex, and
anterior capsule are extracted.

a. Cryosurgery- a special technique in whih a pencil – light

instrument with a metal tip is super cooled (-35 C), then touched to
the exposed lens, freezing to it so that the lens is easily lifted up.
 b. Phacoemulsification- the mechanical breaking up of the lens
by a hollow needle vibrating at ultrasonic speed.

IOL Implantation:

1) The implantation of a synthetic lens is designed for the distance vision; the patient
may wear prescription glasses for reading and near vision.

2) Numerous types of intraocular lenses are available

3) Advantages

a. alternative for contact lens

b. cant be lost or misplace

c. provides superior vision correction

4) Complications:

a. pain from inflammation

b. rosy vision

c. degeneration of the cornea

d. malpositioning or dislocation of lens

5) Not advisable for:

a. severe myopia

b. history of chronic iritis

c. retinal detachment

d. diatebetic retinopathy
 e. glaucoma

f. complication during surgery

Contact Lens

Extended wear contact lens is an option for those who do not receive IOL
Implants.

NURSING DIAGNOSIS:

1) Deficient knowledge of a operative course

2) Acute pain RT surgical complication