Pendulum Test Theory:

P E = m g h1

After being released, the potential energy will decrease and the kinetic energy will
increase. At the time of impact, the kinetic energy of the pendulum:
K = 1/2 m v2
E
And the potential energy:
P E = m g h1

Will be equal. P E = K E

m g h1 = 1/2 m v2

v2 = 2 g h1
and the impact velocity will be :

v = ( 2 g h1)1/2
h1 = L (1 – cos θ)

h2 = L (1 - cos Φ)Initial energy = I E = m g L (1 - cos θ) = w L (1 – cos θ)

Energy after the rupture = R E = m g L (1 - cos Φ) = W R ( 1 - cos Φ )

Energy absorbed by the specimen = E abs = w L (cos Φ - cos θ)

or
Initial energy = m g a = w h1 = E i

Energy after rupture = m g b = W h2 = E r

Energy absorbed during impact = m g (h1 - h2) = W (h1 - h2) = E abs