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~ ~ I!I" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, "LIVING RELIGIONS OF THE WORLIT-' •'Paganism" ~ ~;q.tWa ~ !!iJ\1If CfiSfI!: tll'1!fl"ua 'n1R

_I

m~

Paganism:
To cite Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Pagan" means "a

heathen, one who worships a false god or false gods, or one who belongs to a race or nation which practics
idolatrous rites and professes polytheism it was in the rural dlstricts that the old faith lingeed and thus it is assumed that the Latin Paganus (villager) arose after the establishment of Christianity, but Tertullian . bas a sentence suggesting that the 'soldiers of christ' dubbed the non-christians pagani reffering to tbe raw half-armed rustics'.' As is avident from the abovecitation, Pagans belive in plurality of deities, which is inconsistent with monotheism. We have discussed this briefly earlier. Hence in further elaborating this concept we would confine to citing the following passage from the Encyclopaedia of religiolls and Ethics,
1

EncyJopaediB Bn'tanniCIJ Vol

XVII. Page 26.

22 Polytheism is the stage or phase of religious development of mankind in which the belief in, and worship of, many gods prevails. It is distinguished from the previous stage [Polydemonism] by the nature, and from the subsequent Stage (Pantheism, monotheism) by the number, of t"K: objects of worship.' Paganism, as we have already seen, represents the Primitive period of human history. This period has assumed different fonns in different places and at various limes. Hence paganism too has assumed numerous and veried forms. The pagan has worshipped every conceivable object: right from vegetation. animals and human beings in various forms, to spirits, earth, heaven and so many other things which are to numerous to be counted. -Living ~
~

religions of the world. Volume: IV Page: 113 ll~fi!C'i"Rf

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Encyclopaedia ofrdigions and eihics. VoL X, Page 122.

23
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Living Rifigion of the world ~

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In fact except the revealed religions all other religions are in some way pagan using the term in its wider connotaion. These pagan religions merily deffer in fonn and not in essence and this forms have been determined by such factors as physical environment, racial-characteristics, pollncal conditions and historical developments. Some of (he developed terms of paganism have come to assume the names of separate religions on the basis of certain differences in creed and rituals of worship and not because of any fundamental difference with paganism. In point of fact, even the biggest Christian church the Roman Catholic church essentially represents pagainsm, Among the known religions of the world. The religion of ancestor worsh ip in China, however has no justification

24

whatsoever for being distinguished from paganism. Ancestor-worship has been common among pagan tribes every where since the very dawn of history. It had been Common even in Arabia in pre Islamic days. It is still found among the followers of Don revealed religions. It is found in Hinduism. It is found in the original teachings of Gautam Buddha. Its influence on Taoism, Confucianism and Shiatoism too is unrmstakably clear. It is therefore that we treat ancestor-worship as an integral part of paganism and not as a separate or distinct religions by itself. Speaking form ,he view point of the number of followers, ancestor worship constitutes and Insignificant part of paganism, It is a drop in the ocean of paganism which covers the East and the West and ernbraes both the new and the old words. The survival of paganism to this day is deeply connected with cultural and political developments. Among the comparatively advanced countries it is not-existant. It Jlourihes among the peoples which are backward economically, culturally and politically. The more backward it country, the stronger the hold of paganism. -Living religions of the world. Vol. JV, Page 113/114.

25

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in no previous period had the empire ofthePersian or tbeorientel part of'Roman empire, been in a more deplorable or unhappy stste than at the beginning of' the 7th century. In consequence of the weakness of Byzantine despots the whole kame of their Government was in a state ol complete disorganization of the most frightful abuses and corruption of the priests, the Christian Religion had lallen into a state of degradation scarcely at this day coacievsble and such as would be ~bsoluteJy lncrediok: had we not evidence oi it the most unquestionable. The feuds and animosities of the almost inumersbte sects had risen to the greatest possibte heights, the whole kame of' society was loosened, the towns and cities flowed with blood, well indeed had Jesus prophesied when he said he broughr not peace, but a sword. ~Apology for Mohamed by Godfrey Miggins, page J.

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At this time, in a remote and almost unknown comer of Arabia st a distance from civil broils which were teanng to pieces ot' Roman empire, whose the religion of Mohamed, a religion destined to sweep like a tornado over the lace of the earth to carry bctorc it empires, kIngdoms and systems, and to scatter them like dust before the wind. -Apology lor Moham¢d by Godfrey Miggins, page 2. 2 Trans/ation of Holy Quran by George Sale, preface on page 25,26. .J The History of Struggle between Science and Religion by Draper. (Noted from Siratun Nebi, vol. IV page 227.J
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He WotS born in 571 AD. and came: to thc aoblc ttib» ot the Koreysh, who hotd long bee" quardians of the Sea-eo Kssba-lnfroduction, ,the Speeches of Mohammad-.by Jane poole, page .xxVI. 2 He sprung from the Tribe of Koresh and the /amHyof

Hashim th« most illustrious of the Arabs, the princes of Moccs and the hereditary qusrdisns orme Knaba, =Dechno and Fall ot' the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon vol 5 page 229 qub/ished from EPDufton &Co. Newyork /9/0 A.D.

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There ore the first revelstions; that came to Mohammad. That he believed, he heard {hem spoken by an angel [rom heaven is beyond doubt.-lntroducfion, SpeechtJ.~ or Mohammad-by Lsne poole. Z Up this MohamllUJd felf the hr<8 vcnly inspiretiot: and read, as he behoved tire decrees of God, which he afterwards, . promulgated in KorlJJ1. Then came ihe announcement. "0, Mohammad, of R Truth tboa art prophet tV God and am h,:1i: angle Oabrail" This W3S the crisis ol Mohammed"s life. It was his cali (0 reaouac .. e 10 take :

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with others, he would sit silent smong hit; companions for a long time. together, but lrucly was more eloquent them other men's speech, lor (he moment, speech was called lor, it was forth coming in the shape of same weight)' aporhegm or proverb, such ss Arabs love to hCIU. -Mohammad Dnd Mohammadanism. by Rev. Bosworth Smith, Page /10.

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