YPYCOBbl

/KH3Hb IT .ne5lTeJIbHOCTb 6paTbeB Ceprea CeMeHOBH4a IT nMHTpH5I CeMeHOBH4a YpYCOBbIX 3aMe4aTeJIbHbI BO MHOrHX OTHOllIeHH5IX. B cepe.nHHe X I X sexa O.nHH H3 HHX 6bIJI CHJIbHeHWITM WaXMaTHCTOM MOCKBbI, npyroa - Ilerepriypra. MOCKOBCKHH MaCTep C. YpYCOB 6bIJI rorna BTOpbIM IIO CHJIe WaXMaTHCTOM POCCHH. OH IIOJIY4HJI H3BeCTHOCTb H KaK Y4aCTHHK CeBaCTOIIOJIbCKOH 060POHbI, y.nOCTOeHHbIH aa xparipocri, 0<pHuepCKOrO feOprHeBCKOrO xpecra, H KaK npyr J1hBa TOJICToro.

CHJIbHEAUlHA 8 CTOJIHLl.E

06a CbIHa cenaropa Ceaena HHKHTH4a YpYCoBa - Cepreii (pon. 3 aBrYCTa 1827 rona) H nMHTpHH (pon. B rpeapane 1830 rona) 6bIJIH B paunea .neTCTBe OT.naHbI aa BOCIIHTaHHe B TIepBbIH TIeTep6yprcKHH Ka.neTcKHH KOpIIyC, 6JIeCT5Iw.e OKOH4HJIH ero H 6bIJIH BbIIIyw.eHbI orpnuepaaa B raapzuno.

EpaTb51 6bIJIH BHeWHe nOXO)KH npyr aa .npyra: nsrcoxoro pOCTa, XopOWO CJIO)KeHbI, KpaCHBbJ. OnHaKO xapaxrepsi HMeJIH paanue. Cepreri, KaK C006w.moT cospeaenHHKH, 6bIJI «4eJIOBeK np5lMOH, peWHTeJIbHbIH, HMIIYJIbCHBHbIH, 6ecCTpaWHbIH, BCIIbIJIb4HBbIH, rop.nbIH, cBoe06pa3HbIH H xpanne caMOJII06HBbIH». Y nMHTpH5I xapax'rep 6bIJI M5Ir4e, CIIoKoHHee, OH He JII06HJI WYMHOH CBeTCKOH )KH3- HH, HO 6bIJI IIpH 3TOM rOCTeIIpHH-

110

MeH. Ero OTJIH4aJIH 4eCTHOCTb, 6eCKopbICTHOCTb, CTpeMJIeHHe neJIaTb see caMOMY.

n06aBHM, 4TO 6paTb51 Me)K.ny C060H 04eHb .nPY)KHJIH. Euie Y4aCb B Ka.neTCKOM xopnyce, OHH JII06HJIH II06blTb BMeCTe, no MHory 4aCOB II POBO.n51 sa waXMaTHOH .nOCKOH. Co speaenea JII060Bb K uraxaarav OKpeIIJIa. YpYCOBbI CTaJIH H3Y4aTb waXMaTHYIO TeopHIO H IIpo60BaTb CHJIbI B arpe He TOJIbKO C IIpH5ITeJI5IMH -orpnuepaaa, HO H co seeMH, KTO YMeJI XopOWO arpars •

B Ha4aJIe 50-x ronos uraxvaTHCTbI Ilerepriypra aepenxo C06HpaJIHCb Ha KBapTHpe nopY4HKa n. Ypycoaa, xouaunoaasurero

IIepBoH POTOH 113MaHJIOBCKOro

raapneiicxoro IIOJIKa. 3.necb JIIO- 6HJIH 6bIBaTb 51 HHW H lliYMOB, cpaay oueHHBWHe waXMaTHblH raJIaHT MOJIo.noro orpnuepa. MaCTepCTBO ero POCJIO C Ka)K.nbIM ronox, H Y)Ke B 1852 rony 51HHW C4eJI

Ja3MO)KHbIM nOCJIaTb ero naprna sa rpanauy ,lI,JI51 ny6JIHKalJ,HH. CTaYHTOH narresaran B «11JIJIIOCTpeHren J10H,lI,OH HbIOC» HeCKOJIbKO napTHH Y P YCOBa -MJI amnero, KaK CTaJIH HMeHOBaTb ero B OTJIHqHe OT Cepres.

B 1852 rony n. YPYCOB erne arpan cnaoee 5IHHllia H Illyaosa. 113 urecrn ony6JIHKOBaHHblX napTHH ,lI,Be 6blJIH YPYCOBblM nponrpaHbl 5IHHlllY, a sersrpe ,lI,Pyme - npOTHB Illyaosa - 3aKOHqHJIHCb co CqeTOM + 1-1 =2. O,lI,HaKO Y)Ke no HHM MO)KHO CY,lI,HTb 0 MHOrOCTopoHHeM ,lI,apOBaHHH nMHTpH51 CeMeHOBHqa. OH CMeJIO, He CKYn51Cb na )KepTBbl, BeJI aTaKY, xor,lI,a )Ke npHXO,lI,HJIOCb 060POH51TbC51, TO 06HapY)KHBaJI He06xo,lI,HMYIO AJI" llIaXMaTHCTa lJ,enKOCTb H no- 3HlJ,HOHHOe nyrse. TaK, B rrepsori naneaarannoti naprnn (13 MapTa 1852 rona) OH, arpas 6eJIblMH 1(QpOJIeBCKHH raM6HT, nO)KepTBOBaJI ¢ep351 sa CJIOHa. Ilpasna, npOTHBHHK HCKYCHO samamancs H ssrnrpan napTHIO. Ho TeM He MeHee OHa xapaxrepna ,lI,JI51 )KHBOrO, HHHlJ,HaTHBHoro CTHJI51 nrps; MOJIO,lI,Oro llIaXMaTHCTa. YnopHOH 60Pb60H 6blJIH nacsrutenu ero BCTpeqH C IIlYMOBbIM. B nepsofl H3 HHX nrpa 3aKOHqHJIaCb BHHqblO aa 47-M XO,lI,Y, BO BTOPOH Y PYCOB onepxcan n06e,lI,Y na 50-M XO.ll:Y.

Ho ocooenno HHTeHCHBHO nrpan YpYCOB B 1853-1854 ronax. B 3TH rO,lI,bl n. YpYCOB CTaHOBHTC51 aKTHBHblM qJIeHOM Ilerepriyprcxoro oomecrsa JII06HTeJIeH maxMaTHOH nrpsr, a TaK)Ke BXO,lI,HT B KOMHCCHIO no aupaoorxe uraxvaraoro YCTaBa. OH sacrynaer Y)Ke KaK ,ll;OCTOHHbIH conepaax 5IHHllla

Iiuumptu; CeJtleHOI3U'l Ypycol3

H Illynoaa. BOT napTH51, B KOTOPOH YpYCOB passrrpan qaCTO npaMeH51BlllHHC51 HM raM6HT 3BaHca. OapTHIO 3TY nanesaran CTaYHTOH B «11JIJIIOCTpeHTe,lI, J10H,lI,OH HbIOC», a 3aTeM OHa 6blJIa ony6JIHKOBaHa B «lllaxuarrryar».

Fautium 3eaftca

,lJ,. YPYCOB

SI HHlll

TIerep6ypr, 1853

1. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. Kgl-f3 Kb8-c6

3. Cf l-c4 Cf8-c5

4. b2-b4 d7-d5

3KcnepHMeHT 5IHHllia. 06blq· HO nrpaior 4 .•. C : b4.

5. Cc4: d5

003BOJI51eT qepHblM ypaBH51Tb nrpy. Jlyxme 5. ed K: b4 6. 0-0 Kf6 7. K: e5 Kb: d5 8. d4 Cd6 9. Cg5 c6 10. Kbd2 0-0

III

11. ¢f3 h6 12. Ch4 Ce6 13 . .nabl (Illndxpepc - DHJIbC6epH, HIOPH- 6epr, 1896).

5. Kc6 : b4

6. Cd5-b3 ¢d8-e7

«Xaaaoyx» Bunsrepa pexoMeH,lI,OBaJI 6 ... Kf6 7. ¢e2 0-0 8. 0-0 Cg4 9. Cb2 ¢e7 10. h3.

7. a2-a3 Kb4-c6

8. Ccl-b2 Cc8-d7

HaMepeHH5I sepasrx np05lCH5IIOTC5I: YBeCTH KOPOJI5I na ¢ep3eBbIH ¢JIaHr H HaqaTb neureuasni WTypM na npoTHBOnOJIO)KHoM.

9. d2-d3 0-0-0

10. Cb3-d5

C QeJIblO asmrpara neWKY e5.

Ho CJIe,ll,OBaJIO arpars 10. 0-0.

10. f7-f5!

5IHHW nepBbIM npHCTynHJI K 3HeprrrqHbIM ,lI,eHCTBH5IM, aanescs BOCnOJIb30BaTbC5I HeHa,ll,e)KHbIM noJIO)KeHHeM 6eJIoro KOPOJI5I.

II. Cd5: c6 Cd7 : c6

12. Kf3: e5 Cc6 : e4

13. 0-0

«BbI3bIBalO orous aa ce651!»

13. ¢e7-g5

DP5lMOJIHHeHHo. B03MO)KHO,

JIyqwe 13 Kf6, H eCJIH 14. Kd2,

TO 14 Cd4 C OCTpOH arpoii.

Ha 13 Cd6 6eJIbIe MOrJIII arpari,

14. Kf3! Kf6 15. ¢e2 Kg4? 16. h3! MeHee 6JIarOnpH5ITHO ,lI,JI5I HHX 14. f4 Kf6 IS. ¢e2 C: g2! 16.

112

¢ : g2 (HJIH 16. Kp : g2) 16 .•• g5! C CHJIbHOH araxori,

14. Ke5-f3 Ce4: f3

15. ¢dl: f3 Kg8- f6

16. Kbl-c3 h7-h5

17. Kc3-a4 Cc5-d6

18. .nal-bl

D03HQH5I CTaJIa 0601O,lI,OOCTpOH. OeJIbIe yrpoxcaior 19. C : f6 H20. ¢:b7+.

18. c7-c6

19. Cb2-cl f5- f4

20. Ccl-d2 Kf6-g4

DOTep51 BpeMeHH. Jlysme

20 ... ¢f5 C nocJIe,ll,YIOIlI,HM ,lI,BH)Ke-

HHeM neWKH «g». 21. d3-d4

22. Ka4-c3

23. Kc3-e4

24. JIb1-b3

Kg4-h6 ¢g5-f5 g7-g5

OeJIbIe 60JIee nOCJIe,ll,OBaTeJIbHbI B BbInOJIHeHHH csoero nnaua. OHH He ,lI,eJIalOT JIHWHHX MaHeBpOB, a ,lI,aJIbHOBH,lI,HO paCCTaBJI5IIOT CBOH ¢HrYPbI.

24. Cd6-b8

HeJIb351 24 ... g4 H3-3a 25.

K : d6+ H 26. ¢ : f4.

25. ¢f3-d3 g5-g4

l.JepHbJe He,ll,OOQeHHBaIOT yrpo- 3bI npOTHBHHKa. Haneacnee 25 ..• JI de8 26. f3 ¢d5 27. Cc3 Kf5 28. JIfbl K: d4 29. rr : b7 Kb5!

26. JIfl-bl JIh8-h7

27. .nb3: b7!

Ilepexons B KOHTpHaCTynJIeHHe! I1cnOJIh3Y5I CB513KY, 6eJIhle ,lI,06HBaIOTC51 peuraioiuero MaTepHaJIhHOrO nepeseca.

2~ nh7:b7

28. ¢d3-a6 ¢f5- f7

29. Ke4-c5 nd8-d7

30. Kc5: b7 nd7 : b7

31. ¢a6: cfi-l- nb7-c7 HeJIh351 31 ... ¢c7 H3-3a 32.

¢e8+, H sepnae Tep51IOT JIa,ll,hlO.

32. ¢c6: h6 nc7-b7

ECJIH 32 ... Jl : c2, TO 33.

¢h8+ Kpd7 34. e . b8 .n : d2 35. ¢ : a7+ Kpe6 36. nb6+, H 6eJIhle BhIHrphIBalOT.

33. ¢h6-h8+ Kpc8-c7

34. Cd2: f4+ ¢f7: f4

35. ¢h8-h7 +. LIepHhle C,lI,aJIHCh.

DapTH5I npexpacno xapaxrepnsyer XJIa,ll,HOKpOBHe Ypycosa B 3aIlI.HTe TPY,ll,HhIX n03HQHH, MacTePCTBO B opraHH3aQHH KOHTPaTaKII.

CMeJIOCTh Ypycoaa B maxvarH~X CXBaTKax He 3HaJIa rpaHHQ. TIO)!{epTBOBaTh cpep351 sa ,lI,Be nerKHe cpHryphI B n03HQHH, rne He npe,ll,BH,lI,HTC51 np51MOrO MaTOBoro <pHHaJIa,- na 3TO peunrrcs He Ka)!{,lI,hIH MaCTep. TaKYIO )!{epTB Y OCYIlI.eCTBHJI OH nep HhIMH B na pTHH, HrpaHHOH B TOM )!{e rony C lIlYMOB~M.

Hmansnnctcasi napmust

Illyxos ,lJ,. YPYCOB

Ilerepriypr , 1853

1. e2-e4

2. Kgl-f3

3. Cfl-c4

4. c2-c3

5, d2-d3

e7-e5 Kb8-c6 Cf8-c5 Kg8-f6

Ceiinac qaIlI.e arpaior 5. d4 eel 6. e5 d5! 7. Cb5 Ke4 8. cd Cb6 9. 0-0 0-0 10. Kc3 Cg4 II. Ce3 f5 12. ef K : c3 C paaaori arpoii.

5. d7-d6

B nOJIh3Y 6eJIhIX 5 ... d5. Hanpasrep: 6. ed K : d5 7.0-00-0 8. nel Cb6 9. K: e5 K: e5 10. rr . e5 C: f2+ II. Kphl Kf6 12. Cg5.

6. Ccl-g5 h7-h6

7. Cg5-h4 g7-g5

8. Ch4-g3 a7-a6

9. b2-b4 Cc5-a7

10. a2-a4 Kc6-e7

11. ¢dl-b3 nh8-h7

12. Kbl-d2 Ke7-g6

13. d3-d4 g5-g4

DOTep51B MHoro speaenn aa

XO,ll,hI neuncaxn H MaHeBphl KOHeM, sepnue 3HaqHTeJIhHO OTCTaJIH B pa3BHTHH.

14. Kf3-h4 Kg6 : h4

15. Cg3: h4 e5 : d4

16. e4-e5

16. d4 : c3!

17. Kd2-e4 Kf6:e4!!

LIepHhle HaXO,ll,51T OCTPOYMHhIH

BhIXO,ll" Ka3aJIOCh 6hI, B 6e3Ha,ll,e)!{-

HOH n03HQHH. 18. Ch4: d8 19. Kpel-e2 20. h2-h3 ECJIH 20. hg, TO 20 ... Cg4+!

Ca7: f2+ g4-g3!

113

20. Kpe8: d8

21. Cc4: f7

Hero-moen,' Bnaronaps 3TOMY xcny sepaue nonxmonaior B arpy JIa.nblO, 3aCTp5IBlilYIO na h7.

21. Cc8-f5

22. Cf7-d5 JIh7-e7

23. e5-e6 c7-c6

24. Cd5: e4 JIe7 : e6!

25. JIhl-d1 JIe6 : e4+

26. Kpe2-fl c3-c21

27. JIdl: d6+

He nysure 27. ¢g8+ JIe8 28 .

.D : d6+ Kpc7.

27. Kpd8-e7

28 . .Dd6-d2

ECJIH 28. ¢d3, TO 28 ... .De5

29. JId7+ Kpe8.

28. Cf5-e6

29. ¢b3: c2 Ce6-c4+

30. JId2-d3 JIa8- f8!

Y 6eJIhIX HeT Y)f{e saunrru OT

MHOrOqHCJIeHHhIX yrpos.

31. ¢c2: c4 .De4 : c4

5eJIhIe cnamrcs.

lliYMOB 6hIJI «Tpa,II.HIJ,HOHHhIM» conepuaxov n. Ypycoaa. 11MeHHo HX BCTpeqH peurann rorna sonpoc o TOM, KTO )f{e CHJIhHeHlllHH maxMaTHCT CTOJIHIJ,hI. OOCJIe roro KaK B 1854 rony lliYMOB BhIHrpaJI MaTq Y 5IHHllla, see 3aBHCeJIO OT HCXO,lI,a ero nOe,lI,HHKa C n. YpYCOBhIM. MaJIo KTO COMHeBaJIC5I, qTO lliYMOB onepacar nooeny. TeM HeO)f{H,lI,aH-

114

nee 6hIJI pe3YJIhTaT COCT5I3aHH5I: n. YPYCOB asmrpa» CO CqeTOM + 7-4=0. B PYCCKOH nesarn ony6JIHKOBaHhI 6hIJIH nse napran:

B 06eHx paaurpana cppaHIJ,Y3cKa5I saunrra, npHqeM O,lI,HY BhIHrpaJI YpYCOB, a ,lI,pyrylO lliYMOB.

C POCTOM MacTepcTBa nMHTpHH CeMeHOBHq see 60JIee CKJIOH5IeTC5I K n03HIJ,HOHHOH nrpe, CTpeM5ICh Y)f{e B ,lI,e6lOTe ,lI,OCTHrHYTh npeaxyutecrsa H 3aTeM, MaHeBpHpY5I, nOCTeneHHO YJIyqlllHTh nOJIO)f{eHHe. Bcero aa nepnon 1852-1857 rO,lI,OB ,lI,0 Hac nourno OKOJIO 20 ero naprnii. 50JIhlllHHCTBO H3 HHX nrpano C lliYMOBhIM (9) H 5IHHllleM (7) H JIHlllh no onHOi{ - C OeTpoBhIM H MHXaHJIOBhIM. OeTpoBY OH nOCJIe HHTepecHOH n03HIJ,HOHHOH 60Pb6hI nponrpan (Ilerepeypr, 1853), a Y MHXaHJIOBa BhIHrpaJI. HaKoHeIJ" B ,lI,BYX napTH5IX OH HrpaJI no KOHcYJIhTaIJ,HH C MHXaHJIOBhIM npOTHB Illyaona H 5IHHllla. 06e naprnn npOBO,lI,HJIHCh B 1857 rony B 06- utecrse JII06HTeJIeH lllaXMaTHOH arpsr H 3aKOHqHJIHCh co CqeTOM 1 : I.

B03MO)f{HO, qTO 3TH BCTpeqH 6hIJIH nOCJIe,lI,HHMH cepseanuan napTH5IMH n. YpYCOBa B Ilerep- 6ypre. B 1857 rony yvep OTeIJ, Y PYCOBhIX. Csoe pO,lI,OBOe noxecThe B cene CnaCCKOM 5I pOCJIaBCKOH ry6epHHH OH saseman MJIa,lI,ureay ChIHY· n. YpYCOB ,lI,aBHO MeqTaJI 06 OTCTaBKe - npeosrnanne B npHBHJIempOBaHHoM 113MaHJIOBCKOM nOJIKY, napanaas urymrxa npH,lI,BOpHoi{ )f{H3HH 6hIJIH eMY He no nynre. 11 BOT reneps n05IBHJIC5I rrpennor ,lI,JI5I roro, qT06hI OCTaBHTh CJIY)f{ely. B 1860 rony nMHT-

PHi'! CeMeHOBHlI :>KeHHJIC5I na Bapsape CHJIOBHe 5aTalilOBOH, nonan B OTCTaBKY H yexan K ce- 6e B HMeHHe aa nOCT05lHHOe :>KHTeJIhCTBO.

11M5I YpYCOBa BCe peace BCTpelIaeTC5I B «lIlaxMaTHoM JIHCTKe», HO nerepoyprcxae JIi06HTeJIH maxMaT euie ,lI,OJIro ero nOMHHJIH. 11BaH Cepreeaas Typreaes nncan CBoeMY npH5ITeJIiO 11. n. 50PHCOBy H3 5a,ll,eH-5a,ll,eHa 23 ,lI,eKa6p51 1869 rona: «CKa:>KHTe YpYCOBY, tjTO 51 osens pan TOMY, sro OH ,lI,PY:>KeJIi06HO npHH5IJI MOH nonapOK; 3HallHT, OH MeH5I nOMHHT. CKa:>KHTe eMY TaK:>Ke, liTO 51 OT llIaXMaTOB COBceM OTCTaJI ... »

MOCKOBCKHA MACTEP

B 1852 ro,ll,Y B :>KH3HH Cepre51 CeMeHoBHlIa Ypycosa npOH30lllJIH Ba:>KHhle C06hITH5I: OH :>KeHHJIC5I na Tarr.sne Adanacsesae HecrepoBOH H nsnnen B OTCTaBKY. C rex nop OH nOCeJIHJIC5I B MocKBe, rne II TOM :>Ke rony anepsue CKpeCTHJI opysore C H3BeCTHhIMH llIaXMaTHCTaMH 11. KHpeeBCKHM, fOJIHUhIHhIM H 5HHOM. P5I,lI, naprna C 5HHOM - YlIeHHKOM 5IHHllla, 6hIBaBllIHM euie B 30-x ronax aa maxaarHhIX co6paHH5IX Y neTpOBa,- 6hIJI aanesaran B llIaXMaTHOM OTJJ:eJIe «11JIJIiOCTpeHTe,ll, JIOH,lI,OH HhIOC». BOT onna H3 HHX.

Fautium 3eaHca C. YPYCOB

fiHH

MOCKBa, 1852

1. e2-e4 2. Kgl-f3

e7-e5 Kb8-c6

3. Cfl-c4 Cf8-c5

4. b2-b4 Cc5 : b4

5. c2-c3 Cb4-a5

6. d2-d4 e5 : d4

B nacrosuiee BpeM5I pexosren,lI,yeTC5I 6 ... d6! 7. ¢b3 ¢d71

7. 0-0 Kg8-f6

Oumcosnoe penrenne: CHJIhHee 7 ... Kge7! 8. cd d5 9. ed K: d5 10. Ca3 Ce6 C npnaepno paBHhIMH B03MO:>KHOCT5IMH. B cepenane npoinnoro sexa, O,ll,HaKO, saute HrpaJIH 7 ... d3 8. ¢b3 ¢f6 9. e5 ¢g6 10. JIel Kge7 11. Ca3 H T.,lI,.

8. e4-e5

JIYlIlile 8. Ca3! d6 9. e5 K: e5

10. K: e5 de.

8. d7-d5!

9. e5 : d6

ECJIH 9. Cb5, TO 9 ... Ke4

10. cd 0-0 II. C : c6 bc 12. ¢a4 Cb6 13. ¢ : c6 Cg4 C JIYlIllIei'f arPOH Y sepnsrx.

9. c7: d6

10. JIfI-el+ Kc6-e7

11. ¢dl-e2 d4-d3

12. Cc4: d3 Cc8-e6

13. Cd3--b5+ Kpe8-f8

14. Kf3-g5 Ce6-d7

15. Cb5-c4 d6-d5?

Ynopaee 15 ... Ce8.

16. Ccl-a3! Kf6-g8

17. Cc4: d5 f7-- f6

18. ¢e2-h5 g7-g6

115

He cnacano H 18 ... c1>e8. HaI1pHMep: 19. Cf7 c1>d8 20. C : g8 g6 21. c1>h6+ Kp : g8 22. JI : e7 c1>f8 23. K: h7t c1>: h6 24. K:

f6+ Kpf8 25. J1h7+ Cb4

26. C: b4 X; HJIH 20 ... c1>e8

21. J1 : e7 c1> : h5 22. Cf71

19. JIe1: e71 g6 : h5

20. J1e7- f7++ Kpf8-e8

21. J1f7 - f8 X .

CTaYHToH nHCaJI: «Osem, xpaCHBhlH cpHHaJI 6JIeCT5lIlI,eH na PTHH erne pas )l,OKa3hIBaeT, qTO YPYCOB coseraer He06hlqaHHhlH TaJIaHT K uraxaarav H seouennaoe npeHMYIlI,eCTBO rnyooxoro 3HaHH5I scex KJIaCCHqeCKHX )l,e6IOToB».

Ilooena Ha)l, 5HHOM nOKa3aJIa, qTO C. Y PYCOB CTaJI CHJIhHeHWHM waXMaTHCTOM MOCKBhI. BOT noqeMY Cepreii CeMeHOBHq see xaute H saute rOCTHT Y 6paTa, nrpaer C HHM rpeaaposovaue naprmr H nporiyer CHJIhl B cpa)!{eHH5IX C )l,pymMH MaCTepaMH. B 1853 rony OH npoarpan KOPOTKHH MaTq OeTpoBY (-2=2). Torzta »ce OH arpan MaTq H3 21 na pTHH C lIlYMOBhIM H n06e)l,HJI ero, naopas sa nna osxa 60JIhwe.

CHCTeMaTllqeCKHe 3aH5ITH5I

C. Ypycosa waXMaTaMH npepBaJIa Kpsmcxaa BOHHa 1854- 1855 rO)l,OB. O)l,HaKO H na BOHHe MaCTep YMY)I,P5lJIC5I HaXO)l,HTh BpeM5I )l,JI5I nrpu. l1MeHHo sa waxMaTaMH OH n03HaKOMHJIC5I co J1hBOM HHKOJIaeBHqeM TOJICThIM.

B CeBaCTOnOJIe C. YPYCOB cpa- 3Y )!{e norian na qeTBepThlH 6acTHOH, KOTOPhlH 6hlJI OCHOBHhIM 06beKToM HenpH5ITeJIhCKOH oca)l,hI. Bcxope OH 6hlJI aaaaasen KOMaH)I,HpOM OOJITaBCKOro neXOTHoro I10JIKa. 00)1, ero HaqaJIOM

116

B HIOHe 1855 rona nOJIK 6JIeCT5IIlI,e OT6HJI aTaKY rppanuysoa aa BTOpOH 6acTHoH. 3a oruary C. YPYCOB 6hIJI narpaaoien ocpHu,epCKHM Feopraescxan KpeCTOM.

Ho He TOJIhKO 0 paTHhIX I10)l,BHr ax Cepres CeMeHOBHqa BClIOMHHaJIH BnOCJIe)l,C'rBHH yqaCTHHKH 060POHhl CeBaCT0I10JI5I. O)l,Ha)!{)I,hI BO BpeM5I apTHJIJIepHHCKoro 06- CTpeJIa MaCTep XJIa)l,HOKpOBHO ChIrpan TpH I1apnIH, He rJI5I)I,51 na )l,OCKy. 06CTaHOBKY waXMaTHOH 6oph- 6hl XopOWO nepenan B. 11. BaP5lTHHCKHH: «Bee CJIe)l,HJIH C Hanp5l)!{eHHhlM BHHMaHHeM sa

arpoio, 6hlJIa MepTBa51 THwHHa,

CJIhIWHhl 6hIJIH TOJIhKO rOJIOca

rex, xoropue 06b5lBJI5IJIH 0 xoztax TOH HJIH zipyrof CTOpOHhl. Ha)l,06HO 3aMeTHTh, qTO BO see 3TO BpeM5I npHCYTCTBOBaBWHe nonaepranncs )l,OBOJIhHO 6oJIhWOH onaCHOCTH, nOTOMY qTO xosrpeBOBhl paxeru, nycxaevue C aHrJIHHCKHX 6aTa peH na HnxepMaHCKHX BhICOTax, HanpaBJI5IJIHCh Ka)!{)I,hIH aesep sa nYHKT, rne MhI HaXO)l,HJIHCh ... HeCMOTp51 na CHJIhHhle COTp5lceHH5I, C rpecKOM H WYMOM, OT 3THX paxer, YPYCOB npO)l,OJI)KaJI HeB03MYTHMO CBOIO TPOHHYIO arpy, noXJIe6hIBa51 npa ceM no rJIOTKY H3 CTaKaHa qa5l ... COCT5I3aHHe KOHqHJIOCb )l,aJIeKO 3a nOJIHOqh. YPYCOB nsnrrpan nne naprna, O)l,HH H3 ero npOTHBHHKOB - O)l,HY»·

113BeCTeH raioxe CJIyqaH,

xorna C. YPYCOB npe)l,JIO)!{HJI Bh13- aars OT HenpH5ITeJI5I nysnuero waXMaTHCTa H curpars na O)l,HY H3 rpamuefi, 06 3TOM MHOrO JIeT cnYCT5I C006Il1,HJI J1. TOJI-

CTOH: «51 nOIv1HIO, BO BpeM5I ocanu CeBaCTOnOJl51 51 CI1AeJl pas Y 3AbIOTaHTa Caxena, HaqaJlhHHKa rapHH30Ha, xorna B npHeMHYIO npmuen KH5I3h C. C. YPYCOB, OLIeHh Xpa6phiH orpnuep, 60JlhWOH LIYAaK H BMeCTe C TeM OAHH H3 JlyqWHX eBpOneHCKHX WaXMaTHhIX HrpOKOB roro BpeMeHH. OH CKa3aJl, qTO HMeeT AeJlO ,11.0 renepana. AAblOTaHT nonen ero B Ka6HHeT renepana. LJ:epe3 Ae-

C5ITh MHHYT YPYCOB npouren

MHMO HaC C HeAOBOJlhHhlM JlH-

QOM. OpOBO)!{aBWHH ero aAblOTaHT BepHy~C5I K HaM H, CMe5lCh, paccxasan, no KaKOMY AeJlY YPYCOB npHXOAHJl K CaKeHY· OH npHXOAHJl K CaKeHY 3aTeM, qT06hl npeAJlO)!{HTh Bhl30B aarJlHqaHaM curpars napTHIO B waxMaThI na nepenosyio rpanureio nepezt 5-M 6acTHOHOM, HeCKOJlhKO pas nepexonasuiyio H3 PYK B PYKH H CTOHBWYIO y)!{e HeCKOJlhKO COT )!{H3HeH».

OOCJle OKOHqaHH5I KPhlMCKOH BOHHhl OOJlTaBCKHH nOJlK 6hlJl nanpaanen B He60JlhWOH ropOAOK Ilepeasnuns KaJlY)!{CKOH ry6epHHH. C AOPOrH YPYCOB 20 HIOH5I 1856 rona nanacan TOJlCTOMY 0 CBOHX neyzrasnstx nonsrrxax «HCKopeHeHH5I 3JloynoTpe6JleHHH B POCCHH». B peaynsrare, C006ll1.HJl YPYCOB, «51 ycnen ABa paaa noPyraThC5I C HaqaJlhCTBOM H qYBCTBYIO, qTO He Mory OTKa3aThC5I OT )!{eJlaHH5I Bhll1TH B oTcTaBKY».

A BCKopeC. YPYCOBY npezicraBHJlC5I CJlyqaH onars BhlHTH B oTcTaBKY, H, KaK nonaranocs TOrAa, npn OTCTaBKe OH 6hlJl nponasenea B cJleAYlOllI.HH qHH - reaepan-aanopa.

Cepeeu CeMeHOIJU'l YPycOlJ

r AM6HT YPYCOBA

Cepreii CeMeHOBHq 6hlJl pasaocroponue OAapeHHhlM qeJlOBeKOM. Ilpnpcna aarpanana ero xopoWHM CJlYXOM H npH5ITHhIM roJlOCOM. B ero penepryape 6hlJlH poxancu coocrseanoro COqHHeHH5I. Pane Y Hero 06HaPY)!{HJlHCh cnoc06HOCTH H K MaTeMaTHKe. 3AeCh OH He OCTaJlC5I AHJleTaHToM. C. YPYCOB sucrynaa C AOKJlaAaMH o AHcpcpepeHQHaJlhHhlX ypasae-

HH5IX na 3aCeAaHH5IX MOCKOB-

CKoro MaTeMaTHqeCKOrO 06-

mecrsa H Aa)!{e nanncan «PYKOBOACTBO K H3yqeHHIO reoverpaa, anretips; H TpHroHoMeTpHH», Bhlurenuree B rpex qaCT5IX B 1870- 1871 ronax.

Ho HaH60JlhwyIO H3BeCTHOCTh

C. YPYCOB npaoopen KaK uiaxxaTHCT. Iloc.ne OKOHqaHH5I KPhIM-

117

CKOH BOHHhI H OTCTaBKH Cepref CeMeHOBHq, cepsesao rOTOB51Ch K peuraiouren scrpene C OeTpOBhIM, OC06eHHO MHOrO CTaJI 3aHHMaThC5I TeOpHeH.

Y)!{e O,ll,HO H3 nepsstx ero

HCCJIe,ll,OBaHHH 0 ,lI,e6lOTe CJIOHa, noaeuiennoe B 1857 rony B «Illax-

lJ,aHTYHr», 06paTHJIO aa ce65I

BHHMaHHe HCKYCCTBOM aHaJIH3a.

Ope,ll,JIO)!{eHHhIH YpYCOBhIM raa- 6HT nonseprcs 06cY)!{,lI,eHHIO na CTpaHHlJ,aX MHOrHX )!{ypHaJIOB H BOllIM B TeOpeTHqeCKHe PYKOBO,ll,CTBa.

Iletnom C/lOHa faMORT Y pycoaa

1. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. Cfl-c4 Kg8-f6

3. d2-d4 e5 : d4

4. Kgl-f3

B cepenaae npOllIJIOrO sexa

HrpaJIH 4. ¢: d4 HJIH 4. e5. C. YpYCOB pa3pa60TaJI HOBYIO cHcTeMY C )!{epTBOH neuixn.

KaK nOKa3aJI MacTep, B pacnOp5I)!{eHHH sepnsrx ects HeCKOJIhKO samar. OpH 4 ... Kc6 napTH5I nepexonnr B sauurry ,lI,BYX KOHeH, npn 4 ... d5 sepHhle COXpaH5IIOT panaue B03- MO)!{HOCTH, a npn B35ITHH nellIKH - 4 ... K : e4 - Y 6eJIhIX B03HH-

U8

KalOT npexpacasre mancsr na araKY: 5. c . d4 Kf6 6. Cg5 Ce7 7. Kc3 c6 8. 0-0-0 d5 9. JIhell H T.,lI,. BnOCJIe,ll,CTBHH A. AJIeXHH nHCaJI: «B cnysae 4 ... K : e4 5. ¢ : d4 Y 6eJIhIX OqeHh CHJIhHa5I araxa. 5I npHHIJ,HnHaJIhHO H3- 6eralO nO,ll,06HOrO MaTepHaJIhnoro BhIHrphIllIa B ,lI,e6IOTe, senyutero JIHllIh K norepe BpeMeHH H K sanepzsxe B pa3BHTHH». B TeopHH ,lI,e6IOTOB 3Ta CHCTeMa arpst nOJIyqHJIa Ha3BaHHe raM6HTa YpyCOBa.

0pHrHHaJIhHYIO aneio BhI-

CKa3aJI C. YpYCOB H B ,lI,PyroM ,lI,e6IOTe.

H manssutacan napmusi

1. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. Kgl-f3 Kb8-c6

3. Cf l-c4 Cf8-c5

4. c2-c3 Kg8- f6

5. d2-d4 e5 : d4

6. c3 : d4 Cc5-b4+

3,l1,eCh YpYCOB BMecTO 06b1'I-

HhIX XO,ll,OB 7. Cd2 HJIE 7. Kc,)

npe,ll,JIO)!{HJI OTOHTH 7. Kpel-fl!

I1,l1,e5I XO,ll,a - lJ,eHOH norepn

POKHPOBKH coxpannrs JIa,ll,hlO na JIHHHH «h» ,lI,JI5I aTaKH aa KOpOJIeBCKOM cpJIaHre. TaK nrpan OH B rraprna C OeTpoBhIM B 1853

ro~y (Ony6nHKoBaHa B «4ecc nnetiepc xponaxn», JIOH~OH, 1853, N!! 8, CTp. 231-232). I1Hrepecao, qTO nonnexa cnycrs na 3TOT XO~ ooparamr BHHMaHHe nonscxne waXMaTHCThI, nprrsreHHBWHe ero B napTH5IX no nepeIIHCKe, nocne sero nponoaxceHHe no.nyuano Ha3BaHHe xpaKOBCKoro sapnanra.

5hInH CBOH OTKphITH5I Y

C. Ypycosa H B xoponescxox raM6HTe (B npononxcennu, Ha3hIBaBWeMC5I raM6HToM Ansrafiepa).

K oponeeacuti easaium

I. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. f2-f4 e5: f4

3. Kg1-f3 g7-g5

4. h2-h4 g5-g4

5. Kf3-g5 d7-d5

06hlqHO reneps orseuaan

6. ed ¢ : d5 7. Kc3 ¢e5+ 8. ¢e2 f6 9. ¢: e5+ fe H T. n. YPYCOB )!{e npavennn HOBhIH XO~:

6. d2-d4

B O~HOH H3 ero napTHH nocnenonano 6 ... h6 7. K: f7 Kp : f7 8. C : f4 H 3aTeM 9. e5.

Ilpaaepoz nhITnHBhIX HCKaHHH MacTepa B ~e6~THoH TeopHH 51BHnOCh ero OTKphITHe B saunrre ¢HnH~opa, cnenannoe onnonpeMeHHO C 51. JIeBeHTaneM.

Saiuuma r:fJullu(Jopa

1. e2-e4 2. Kg1-f3

3. d2-d4

4. d4 : e5

5. Kf3-g5

6. e5-e6

7. Kb1-c3

8. Kg5: e4

9. ¢d1-h5+ 10 ¢h5-e5 11. Cc1-g5!!

e7-e5 d7-d6 f7-- f5 f5 : e4 d6-d5

Kg8-h6 c7-c6 d5 : e4 g7-g6

JIh8-g8

3TOT XO~ 6hIn npeanoacen JIenearanea B KHHre 0 MOPCPH, BhIurenurea B JIoH~oHe B 1860 rony, BMeCTO 11. C : h6, BCTpeTHBweroes B xoacynsrauaonnof napTIIH CTaYHToHa H Oysna nporns MOPCPH H Bapneca. 51HHw nncan: «3TOT BapHaHT npencrasnser npnMep anqHOrO HeTepneHH5I, C KaKHM n~6HTenH scex HaUHH

cooapana H aaysana naprnn

MOpcpH. OH OTKphlT onaospe-

MeHHO B JIoH~oHe r. JIeBeHTaneM H B MocKBe KH. YpYCOBhIM. 3a uiecrs MeC5IueB ~o ssixona B CBeT KHHrH JIeBeHTan51 BapHaHT 6hIn HaM H3BeCTeH BO scex nonpooHOCT5IX».

CBOH pa60ThI B oonacrn ne- 6~Ta H 3H~WnHn5l, KOTOPOMY OH raxxce y~en5ln MHoro BpeMeHH, C. YpYCOB nosnnee H3nO)!{Hn B

119

BH,lI,e «PYKOBO,ll,CTBa K H3yqeHHIO WaXMaTHOH nrpsi», orry6JIHKOBaHHOrO B 17 noxepax xcypuana «lllaxMaTHhIH JIHCTOK» (1859- 1861).

PYKOBO,ll,CTBO aapecoasmanocs onhITHhIM waXMaTHCTaM H conep)KaJIO p5l,ll, Ba)KHhIX ,lI,JI5I reopmr H npaKTHKH H,lI,eH. npe)K,lI,e scero Macrep Tpe60BaJI coaepurencrnoBaHH5I arpsr B 3H,lI,wnHJIe H saII1,HTe. «npaBHJIhHa51 060poHa,YTBep)K,lI,aJI OH,- ecrr. ra, KOTOpaa npennonaraer nepexoz B nacrynnenae H nOToMY Ha3hIBaeTC5I aKTHBHoH 060POHOH, B npoTHBOnOJIO)KHOCTh ,lI,Pyroro po,lI,a 060poHe, H33hIBaeMOH nacCHBHOH. 060poHa rpynaee araKH». KaK II Ilerpoa, C. YPYCOB ocorienno BhI,lI,eJI5IJI aaysenne 3H,lI,WnHJIH: «LITO HeCOMHeHHO, 3TO COBepWeHHa51 HeB03MO)KHOCTh cneJIaThC5I XOPOWHM lIrpOKOM 6e3 n03HaHH5I KOHQOB nrp».

BTOpoff B POCCHH

fOTOB5ICh K peWalOII1,eH BCTpese C neTpOBhIM, C. YPYCOB He OrpaHHqHBaJIC5I, KOHeqHO, H3YqeHHeM reopmr ,lI,e6IOTOB H 3H,lI,WnHJI5I. B nporpaxay nonroTOBKH BXO,ll,HJIH ,lI,OMaWHHe COCT5I3aHH5I C 6paTOM, a TaK)Ke MaTqH C lIlYMOBhIM. Bo BpeM5I 3THX BCTpeq 3apaHee He 06YCJIOBJIHBaJIOCh, CKOJIhKO naprna 6Y,lI,eT curpano. Hepenxo B sesep arpaJIOCh no ,lI,Be-TpH naprnn.

MaTqH ero C lIlYMOBhIM scerna BhI3hIBaJIH nnrepec cpenn uraxaaTHCTOB Ilerepoypra. OCTPOTY II csoeoopasae IIX napTH5IM npu-

120

,lI,aBaJIO pa3JIHqHe B CTHJIe nrpsr. Ilpn BceH CMeJIOCTH B nrpe C. YpyCOB MO)KeT 6hITh OTHeceH cxopee K waXMaTHCTaM n03HQHOHHoro CTHJI5I, B TO BpeM5I KaK ero npoTHBHHK 6hIJI waXMaTHCTOM 51pKO ssrpaxceanoro KOM6HHaQHOHHoro

HanpaBJIeHH5I. LIawa BeCOB B

3TIIX MaTqaX see 60JIee CKJIOH5IJIaCh B nOJIh3Y C. YpYCOBa. B 51Hsape 1859 rona OH BhIHrpaJI ceMh napruii npa rpex nponrpsnnax H rpex HH%HX.

Ilon BneqaTJIeHHeM sroro MaTqa MHXaHJIOB nHCaJI B «lIla X ill arHOM JIHCTKe»: «fJIy60KO H3yqHI3- WIIH TeopHIO H C,lI,E'JIaBWHH B HeH necsraa Ba)KHhle OTKPhITH5I, KH. YPYCOB ocooeano CHJIeH B ,lI,e61OTax H KOHQax nrop. HHKTO JIyqwe ero He YMeeT 6hICTPO pa3BHTh cnou CHJIhI, ,lI,BHHYTh snepen orpnQepOB, 06pa30BaTh 6JI eCT 51I11,Y 10 , MOIl1,HYIO, CMeJIYIO H B TO xce BpeM5I COBepweHHO BepHYIO aTaKY; HJIH npn KOHQe naprnn, xorna Y)Ke HeMHoro uraurex na ,lI,OCKe, C 60JIhWeIO TOqHOCThlO pace-mrari, see nOCJIe,ll,CTBH5I MaJIeHWerO ,lI,BH)KeHH5I KOpOJIeM HJIH newKOIO, 60JIee KCTaTH 3aH5ITh onn03HQHIO H BeHqaTh CBOH YCHJIH5I TOP)KeCTBeHHhIM npOBO,ll,OM neurxn B <peP351. ECJIH BaM CJIyqHTC5I saaoeaart, Y KH5I351 neurxy HJIH ,lI,a)Ke ,lI,Be, He CqHTaHTe eme CBOIO napTHIO BhIHrpaHHOIO, OH CYMeeT npHBeCTH ee K TaKOMY nOJIO)KeHHIO, npn KOTOPOM C 06eHX CTOPOH OCTaHYTC5I pa3HOQBeTHhle CJIOHhI - H ssnrrpum 6Y,lI,eT HeB03MO)KeH, HJIH, nO)KepTBOBaB BOBpeM5I orpnnepa HJIH neWKY, OCTaBHT H3YMJIeHHOrO npOTHBHlIKa C O,ll,III1M, 6eCCHJIhHhIM K

IIPOIl3BO,ll.CTB Y MaTOB, CJIOHOM

HJIH KOHeM.

YPYCOBCKHe ,lI.e61OTbI HanOMHHalOT HTaJIbHHCKHX KJIaCCHKOB, era KOHllbI nOHCHHIOT 3HaMeHlITOe napesenne <PHJIH,lI.opa: «newKH - ayura waXMaTHOH nrpu».

Y6e,ll.HTeJIbHaH nooena nan

illYMOBblM npH6aBHJIa Cepreio CeMeHOBHlJY YBepeHHocTH B CHJIaX, H OH peWHJI noexars B Bapiuasy ,lI.JIH peuraromero MaTlJa C FlerpOBbIM. XOTH HHKaKHX orpnuaansaax YCJIOBHH copeBHOBaHH5J, nO-BH,lI.HMOMY, He HMeJIOCb, ¢aKTHlJeCKH OHO 5JBJI5JJIOCb MaTlJeM Ha nepBeHCTBO POCCHH. nOCJIe ynopHOH H Hanp5J)!{eHHOH 60Pb6bl MaTlJ 3aKOHlJHJIC5J n06e,ll.OH Berepana. YpYCOB nponrpan 13 napTHH, sunrpan 7 H JIHWb 1 napTHH MaTlJa 3aKOHlJHJIaCb MHpHO. ,U06aBHM, lJTO neTpOBY 6blJIO rorna 65 JIeT, aero conepnnxy - 32 rona.

Ilerpos

C. YPYCOB 6-51 napras MaTqa

Bapurasa, 1859

22. J1fl-hl

Ha 22. hg nocnenyer MaT B

nsa xona.

22. Kg4-h2

C yrp030H 23 ... <pg5 X .

23. J1hI: h2 <pf4 : h2+!

24. Kpg2 : f:)

25. Kpf3-f4

26. Kpf4-e5

27. Kpe5-d4

28. <Pe2-e3

29. J1dI-gI HeJIb3H 29. <P : f2 H3-3a 29 ...

¢c5+. 29. 30. Kpd4-d3

31. Cc4-d5

32. J1gI: g7 +

33. <t>e3: f3 Eensre C,lI.aJIHCb.

<ph2 : h3\· J1h8-f8+ <ph3-h2+ J1f8 : f2 <ph2-h5!

c7-c5+ J1a8- f8 J1f2-f3!

Kpe7-d8 <t>h5: f3+

C. YPYCOB

lllomsanoctcuti eautium

13-51 napTH5I MaTqa Bapurasa, 1859

1. e2-e4 e7-e5

2. KgI- f3 Kb8-c6

3. d2-d4 e5 : d4

4. CfI-c4 Cf8-c5

5. 0-0 Kg8- f6

Flerpos BnOCJIe,ll.CTBHH nn-

can: «5I CQHTalO raroxe xopouiero 3aw.HTOIO B WOTJIaH,lI.CKOM raM- 6llTe, BMeCTO roro QT06bl B naTbIH xon HrpaTb KOHeM g8 na f6 H nonaeprareca CHJIbHblM araKaM, CblrpaTb d7-d6 ... »

6. e4-e5 d7-d5

7. e5 : f6 d5 : c4

8. J1fI-eI +

Menee auronno ,lI.JI5J 6eJIbIX

npyroe npono.nacenne: 8. fg J1g8 9. Cg5 Ce7 10. C: e7 Kp : e7! 11. J1eI+ Ce6 12. Kbd2 <t>d5

13. <Pe2 Kpf6!

8. Kpe8-f8

9. CcI-g5 g7 : f6

ECJIH 9 ... <pd7?, TO IO.Ch6!! gh II.<pd2, H 6eJIbJe sunrpuearor.

121

10. Cg5-h6+ Kpf8-g8

11. Kf3-d2

BMeCTo sroro 6eJIble MOrJIH curpari, 11. Kc3! Cf8 12. C : f8 Kp : f8 13. Ke4 C JIy'ulIeH nrpoii.

11. Kc6-e.5

JlylUlIHM npo,n:OJI)!{eHHeM ,n:JI5I 4epHblx, no MHeHHIO C. Ypycosa, 51BJI5IeTC5I xozi CJIOHOM aa f8.

12. Kd2-e4 Cc5-e7

13. h2-h3 Cc8-f5

B npyroli naprnn Ilerpos

nrpan 13 ... Kg6. XOT5I 3Ta napTH5I, nHCaJI Flerpon, «BblHrpaHa MHOIO, HO 3aw.HTY 3Ty 51 C4HTalO He COBCeM y,n:OBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHOIO». OHa npononacanacs TaKHM 06pa30M: 14. ct>h5 Ce6 15. f4 ct>d5 16. g4 ct>: h5 17. gh f5 18. hg fe 19. g7 f5 20. Kphz Kpf7 21. ghct> Jl: h8 22. J1g1 Cf6 23. Kd2 b5 24. J1g3 b4 25. Jlagl. I1Me51 TpH CB5I3aHHble uenrpansHble neIlIKH sa JIa,n:blO, rIeTpCJB onepacan norieny.

Harepecao MHeHHe M. 4H-

ropnna 0 nOJIO)!{CHHH nOCJIe 13-ro xona 6e,T[blx. B npHMe4aHH5IX K OJJ.HOH H3 naprna , nrpanaux B Belle B 1902 rony, OH nHCaJI: «Hepnue, no MoeMY MHeHHIO, MOrJIH JIY4IlIe 3aw.Hw.aTbC5I. TaK, nanpnuep, aa 13. h2-h3, nrpas Ke5-g6; II na 14. ct>dl--h5 HJIH Kbl-d2 - Cc8-e6 HJI!!

122

npensapnrensno f6-f5. ,UBe JIHIlIane neWKH CJIy)!{aT rapaarnea HX ycneumori aaunrru. 4epHble BbI30BYT MeHY CJIOHOB H 3aCTaB5IT npoTHBHHKa y,n:aJIHTb csoero CJIOHa C h6. TaK BblXO,n:HJIO, no KpaHHeH Mepe, y MeH5I npn

60JIee no,n:p06HOM pasoope».

14. f2-f4 Ke5-g6

15. ct>dl-h5 Cf5: e4

16. Jlel: e4 Ce7-f8

17. f4- f5 Cf8 : h6

18. ct>h5: h6 ct>d8-d!1

19. f5 : g6

,UpyroH saunrrsr OT ,n:BOHHOH yrpoau 19 ... ct> : e4 H 19 ... ct> : f5 V 6eJIbIX HeT.

"I 9. ct> d5 : e4

20. g6-·g7.

HH%51. 4epHble 06b5lBJI5IIOT Be4HblH wax.

B n05lBHBllJHXC'51 [[OCJIe MaT-

4a B «ilia XMaTHOM JIHC:TKe» CTaTb5lX C. Ypycosa H Flerpoaa paccaarpnaanncs MHorHe axTyaJIbHble np06JIeMbl uraxsrarnoro TBop4eCTBa, a raioxe nasaJIHCb Oll,eHKH nrpu conepunxa. «KH5I3b YpYCOB HMceT Bee Ka4eCTBa c,n:eJI3TbC5I CHJIblleHWHM lIrpOKOM,- nHCaJI rIeTpoB,- OH H reneps 06JIa,n:aeT cnOC06HOCTblO BepHO pacc-nrtsmars npn caMOM CJIO)!{HOM nOJIO)!{eHHH nrpsr na 60JIbiliOe 4HCJIO EapHaHTOB. On ,n:aJIbHOBH,n:eH, 3HaeT ,n:e6l0Tbl, HMeeT He06blKHOBeHHoe repnenne, HeYTOMI1MOCTb, naM5ITb». OTCIO,n:a Ilerpoa 3aKJII04HJI, 4TO

YpYCOB «[[0 BeeMY Bep05lTHIO,

MO)!{eT nrpars He 6e3 ycnexa c v1Jy41lI11MII 3arpaHH4HblMH nrpoKaMH».

Xap axrepncrnxa, ,n:aHHa51

rIeTpoBblM, BepHO orpaacana

B03MO}KHOCTH MOCKOBCKOrO MacTepa. OH C ycnexov 60POJICH B nOCJIenYIOw.ee BpeMH He TOJIbKO C Illyxoau« (MaT4, 1859: +6-2 = 1) H npyrnan PYCCKHMH Macrepasm, HO H nOKa3aJI ce6H noCTOHHblM conepunxov BO BCTpexax C HHoCTpaHHbIMH llIaXMaTHCTaMH. MaT4 C H3BeCTHblM searepCKHM MaCTepoM H. KOJIHllleM B 1862 rony (+2-2), nooena B COCTH3aHHH C ct>. rHpllI<peJIbnOM B 1866 rony H BCTpe4H C npyrHMH llIaXMaTHCTaMH nOnTBepnHJIH, 4TO B JIHue C. Ypycosa POCCHH HMeJIa B cepennue npOllIJIOrO CTOJIeTHH onnoro H3 CHJIbHeHllIHx MaCTepOB Eeponu.

H cnancxasi napmusi

C. YPYCOB KOJlHUl

Ilerepcypr, 1862

e7-e5 Kb8-c6 a7-a6 Kg8-f6 Cf8-e7 e,!) : d4

1. e2-e4

2. Kgl-f3

3. Cfl-b5

4. Cb5-a4

5. 0-0

6. d2-d4

7. e4-e5

Ha 7. JIel nocnenyer 7 .••

b5 8. e5 K : e5!

7. Kf6-e4

8. Kf3: d4 Kc6 : d4!

K npeneryuiecray 6eJIbIX seneT 8 ... 0-0 HJIH 8 ... Kc5.

9. e.n . d4 Ke4-c5

10. Kbl-c3 0-0

11. Ccl-e3

PaBHYIO nrpy nalOT H COBpeaennsre pexoaeanaunn: 11. Cg5 C : g5 12. ct>: c5 Ce7 13. ct>e3 d5 14. JIadl c6 15. Ke2 ct>a5! HJIH 11. Kd5 d6! 12. K: e7+ cP : e7 13. ed <t> : d6.

11. d7-d6

12. JIal-dl Kc5 : a4

.upyroe npOnOJI}KeHHe-

12 ... Ce6 13. Cf4 d5!

13. ct>d4: a4 Cc8-d7

14. ct>a4-e4

B03MO}KHbI H ztp yrne OT-

CTynJIeHHH: 14. ct>b3 Cc6 15. Kd5, H HeJIb3H 15 ... de H3-3a 16. Kf6+; 14. ct>d4 Cc6, KaK 6bIJIO curpano, aanpnnep, CTOJIeTHe cnyCTH B naprnn CaHrHHeTH - 3JIHCxasec (Map-nens-Il.nara, 1958).

14. Cd7-c6

15. Kc3-d5 d6 : e5

16. ct>e4: e5 Ce7-d6

17. ct>e5-h5 JIf8-e8

18. c2-c4 JIe8-e4

19. JIdl-d4 JIe4-e5

20. ct>h5- f3 Cd6-c5

21. JId4-g4

JIY411Ie 21. JId2, Hoo paaaeHbI He B nOJIb3Y 4epHbIX.

21. Cc5 : e3

CHJIbHee 21. .. C: d5. Te-

neps nJIOXO 22. ct>g3 JI: e3 23. JI: g7+ Kph8 24. fe Cd6 25. ct>g4 Ce6.

22. f2 : e3 Cc6 : d5

23. ct>f3-g3! ct>d8-e7

24. JIg4: g7+ Kpg8-h8

25. c4 : d5 JIe5 : e3

26. JIg7: f7! JIe3 : g3

OpoHrpbIBaJIH xepnsre H B

CJIY4ae 26 ... ct>: f7 27. JI: f7 JI : g3 28. hg.

123

27. JIf7: e7 JIg3-g7

28. JIf 1- f7 JIa8-g8

29. JIf7: g7 JIg8 : g7

30. JIe7-e8+! JIg7-g8

31. JIe8: g8+ Kph8: g8 32. Kpgl-f2,

H 6eJIble sunrpana.

AHrJIH'IaHe, Ha3blBa51 B

1862 rony lllaXMaTHCTOB, KOTOpsrx OHH XOTeJIH 6bl BH,lI.eTb aa YCTpaHBaeMoM HMH II Me)!{,lI.yHaPO,ll.HOM rypnnpe B JIoH,lI.oHe, YKa3aJIH B HX 'IHCJIe H na MacTepa YpYCOBa - sroporo no CHJIe uraxaarncra POCCHH.

«MoA CEBACTOnOJIbCKHA )1,PYf»

3HaKOMCTBO C. YpYCOBa C

JI. TOJICTbIM, aasasureeca B CeBaCTOnOJIe, C rO,ll.aMH nepepocno B ,lI.Py)!{6y. TOJICTOH rop,ll.HJIC5I ycnexavn np yra na lllaXMaTHOM nonpmue, C'IHTa51 ero O,ll.HHM H3 CHJIbHeHlllHX lllaXMaTHCTOB CBOero BpeMeHH.

nOCJIe KPblMCKOH BOHHbl

C. YPYCOB nepenncsrsanca C

TOJICTblM H nepenxo BCTpe'IaJIC5I C HHM B MOCKBe. B 1868 rony COCT05lJIOCb 3HaK0l\1CTBO ero C ceMbeii T OJI croro. 17 Ma pra CO<Pb51 Annpeeaaa TOJICTa51 nncana cecrpe Tart.sue 113 MOCKBbl,

'ITO YPYCOB ee MY)!{Y «y)!{aCHO

HpaBHTC5I. 11 ,lI.eHCTBHTeJIbHO:

YMeH, O'IeHb 06pa30BaH, O'IeHb npn 3TOM HaHBeH H ,lI.06p0,ll.YllleH».

Cepreii CeMeHOBH'I CTaJI KpeCTHblM OTUOM ,lI.eTeH JJ. T OJI croro - Mapl1H, JJbBa H pano yMeplllero Ilerpa. A xorna YpYCOB JIHlllHJIC5I e,ll.HHcTBeHHoH ,lI.O'IepH JIH,lI.HH, Jles HHKOJIaeBH'I npnexan yrelllHTb npyra.

124

Bo BpeM51 BCTpe'I ,lI.PY3b51 He paa cananncs sa lllaXMaTHYJO ,lI.OCKY, XOT5I HMeHHO B re ronsr Macrep peum,n npexpanrrs nrpart, B uraxaarsi. 4eM 06b5lCH5IJIOCb TaKOe peurenne>

Euie B KOHue 60-x ronoa

C. Yp YCOB 6blJI O,ll.HHM H3 aKTHBHblX uraxnarasrx ,lI.e5lTeJIeH MOCKBbl. 16 H05l6p51 1868 rona YPYCOB nHCaJI JJbBY HnxonaeBH'IY: «MeH5I Bbl6paJIH npesnnenTOM uraxxar. KJIy6a, ,lI. yM a JOT

BeCTH nrpy no nepenncxe ... »

Ero npHe3,l1.0B C HHTepeCOM O)!{H,lI.aJIH H urax aarncret CTOJIHUbl. ,UBa rona cnYCT5I, nanpnaep , BO «BceMHpHOH HJIJIJOCTpauHH» no- 51BHJIaCb xapaxrepnas 3aMeTKa: «KH5I3b C. C. YpYCOB cooouiaer HaM H3 MOCKBbl, 'ITO OH reneps 3aH5IT ne'IaTaHHeM CBoeH reoverpHH H, no BbmYCKe ee B CBeT, navepen npnexars B Ilerepoypr II peBHOCTHO noceuiars naur KJIy6. ,U06po nO)!{aJIOBaTb - O'IeHb pansr noporony rOCTJO!

Mbl nOMHHM, 'ITO npnesnst

KH5I351 YpYCOBa B Ilerepriypr seerna O)!{HBJI5IJIH y Hac lllaXMaTHYJO nrpy».

Ho yennuennas )!{H3Hb B

nO,ll.MOCKOBHOM HMeHHH )!{eHbl ceJIe Cnaccxox, 3aH5ITH5I MaTeMaTHKoH, <PHJIOco<pHeH, HCTOPHeH npHBeJIH K TOMY, 'ITO maxMaTbl CTaJIH 3allHMaTb B ero )!{H3- HH Bce Mellbillee Mecro, a B cepennne 70-x ronos OH peumn aooouie OCTaBHTb HCCJIe,ll.OBaHH5I uraxaarnoii reopun. cho pemeHHe 6blJIO HaCTOJIbKO cepseanun, 'ITO OH ,lI.a)!{e see CBOH uraxvarHble KIlHrH - cpenn HHX 6blJIH JI ymnue B TO BpeM5I TeOpeTH'ICC-

KHe PYKOBO)1CTBa H MOHorpacpHH CTaYHTOHa H Bunsrepa - IlO,lI.apHJI crapuresry CblHY J1bBa HHKOJIaeBH4a, KOTOPblH CHJIbHO YBJIeKaJIC5I waXMaTaMH. YpYCOB CTaJI csoero pona waXMaTHbll\1 HaCTaBHHKOM Cepres J1bBoBH4a. BnOCJIe,ll.CTBHH C. J1. TOJICTOH BcnOMHHaJI: «XOT5I OH H 6pOCHJI nrpy, OH, O,ll.HaKO, nrpan C MOHM OTUOM, a nepen ero OTbe3,l1.0M Mbl, T. e. OTeU H 51, npe,ll.JIO)!{HJIH eMY cooriuia curpars no nepenHCKe. Ilocne HeMHorHX ,lI.e6IOTHblX XO,ll.OB, He ,lI.aBwHX npenvyuiecrsa HH HaM, HH eMY, OH npexpaTHJI nrpy».

Ornensnue nO,ll.p06HOCTH 06 ::nOH aesaaepureaaoa naprnn Mbl HaXO,ll.HM B nepenncxe Ypycosa C TOJICTblM. B nHCbMe OT 10 anpens 1876 rona, B KOTOPOM Cepreri CeMeHoBH4 nHCaJI 0 TOM 60JIbWOM HaCJIa)!{,lI.eHHH, xoropoe OH ncnuruaan, 4HTa51 «AHHY KapeHHHY», ecn., Me)!{,lI.Y np04HM, CTpOKH: «Xonu npnnararo. Hanerocs, 4TO nrpa C,lI.eJIaeTC5I HHTepeCHOIO Ha4HHa51 C 4-ro xona. OT,lI.eJIbHYIO 3anHCKY BJIO)!{HJI, 4T06bl Bbl MOH nHCbMa MOrJIH nponecrt, H C)!{e4b. A xonu He xcrnre, Hoo MO)!{eT CJiY4HTbC5I nenopaayaeune».

Ho ,lI.aJIeKO He O,ll.HH uraxxaraste YBJIe4eHH5I C6JIH)!{aJIH TOJIcroro C C. YpYCOBblM. ,llpy)!{6a Me)!{,lI.Y HHMH HMeJIa OCHOBaHHeM 4YBcTBa B3aHMHoro YBa)!{eHH5I H pacnOJIO)!{eHH5I, ,lI.YXOBHOH 6JIH- 30CTH ... B nHCbMe K A. A. TOJICTOH OT 20 MapTa 1876 rona J1eB HHKOJIaeBH4 nHCaJI 06 Yp ycose: «31'0 MOH ceBaCTOnOJIbCKHH npyr, C KOTOPblM Mbl 04eHb XOPOllIO JII06l1M npyr npyra».

TOJiCTOH nocnan YPYCOBY B pa3110e BpeM5I OKOJIO 70 mrcev. nHCaTeJIb ,lI.eJIHJIC5I C YpYCOBblM caMblMH cOKpoBeHHblMH MblCJI5IMH. TaK, B nHCbMe OT 15 HIOH5I 1870 rona H 3 5I CHOH nOJI5I Hbl T OJI CTOH cootnuan: «5I reneps BOT Y)!{ 6-H ,lI.eHb KOWY TpaBY C MY)!{HKaMH no ueJIblM ,lI.H5IM H He Mory BaM onncart, He Y,lI.OBOJIbCTBHe, HO C4aCTbe, xorfopoe) 51 npn 3TOM ncnuruaaio ... 06HHMalO Bac. Baur TO.1CTOH».

TOJICTOrO C6JIH)!{aJIa C YpycoBblM H 06ll1.HOCTb JIHTepaTypHOHCTopH4eCKHX H CPHJIOCOCPCKHX HHTepeCOB H B3r JI5I,lI.OB. Bo BpeM5I paooru nan «BOHHOH H MHPOM» OH, 6blBa51 B MOCKBe, BCTpe4aJIC5I C YpYCOBblM, 6ece,ll.OBaJI H CO BeTOBaJIC5I C HHM, ,lI.OBep5lJI eMY 4HTaTb H ,lI.a)!{e npasnre KoppeKTYPY povaua.

,UBa)!{,lI.bl e3,l1.HJI TOJICTOH K CBOeMY npyr-y B Cnaccxoe: B 1869 ro,lI.Y H ,lI.Ba,ll.uaTb JIeT cnYCT5I - secHOH 1889 rona .

. ,. Y cansria Yp ycosa CT05lJIa

na BblCOKOM XOJiMe. Orciona, KY,lI.a HH ooparnun. B30P, BCIO,lI.Y .neca , nepenecxn, nyra. 11 JIHllIb Y casroro nO,ll.HO)!{H5I ropxn pacnOJIO)!{HJIHCb nsa HeooJIbWHX ceJIeHH5I.

Becenu C YpyCOBblM, nporynKH B .nec H 6JIH3JIe)!{alll.He nepeBHH, rne OHH BeJIH paarosopu C KpeCTb5lHaMH,- ace 3TO npnaecJIO MHoro HOBblX Bne4aTJIeHHH. B CnaCCKOM TOJICTOH npononscan nncari, KOMe,ll.HIO «DJIO,ll.bl npoceemenns», CTaTblO 06 HCKYCCTBe. «04eHb MHoro H He zrypno nHCaJI Kp(eiiuepoBY) cOH(aTY)>>,- OTMe- 4aJI B «,llHeBHHKe» TOJICTOH.

125

«Pe,nKO npOBO,ll.HJI TaK XOpOWO IIpeMH, CnOKOHHO, cepsesno, JIIO- 6oBHo, KaK TO, tITO npOBeJI y BaC, H oueas sac 6JIaro,ll.aplO,nRCaJI OH ,lI.pyry, BepHYBWHCb B MOCKBY.- Pa,ll.OCTHO TO)!{e, tITO MbI C6JIH3HJIHCb onsrrs. H TeCnee, nO-MOeMY, tIeM npeacne. Hanerocs, tITO y)!{e ,lI.0 rpooa ... JlIO- 65IllI,HH BaC Jl. TOJICTOH».

HeH3BeCTHO, HrpaJIH JIH B

CnaCCKOM TOJICTOH H YpYCOB B uraxaarsi. Ho, nO-BH,lI.HMOMY, pasrOBOp 0 HHX 6bIJI. E,lI.Ba JIH CJIytIaf!HO ynovnaaaae 0 uraxvarax B nHCbMe, OTnpaBJIeHHOM TOJICTbIM scxope nOCJIe ero ort.esna H3 Cnaccxoro: «B xac OT,lI.bIXa, xorna BbI B03bMeTeCb aa naCbHHC, paccrassre uraurenanuy H npoCJIe,ll.HTe no HyM. 102(15 anpe.na) waxM(aTHYIO) napTHIO, nrpannyio B I'aaane Me)!{,lI.y HaWHM 4HropHHbIM H nepBbIM eBponeHcKHM nrPOKOM CTeHHHueM». To 6bIJIa napTHH MaTtIa na nepBeHCTBO MHpa, ony6JIHKOBaHHaH B rasere «MocKOBCKHe Be)l.OMOCTH».

XOTH YpYCOB OTOWeJI y)!{e OT npaKTHtIeCKOH nrpu, OCTpOTa KOM- 6HHaUHOHHoro 3peHHH y Hero COXpaHHJIaCb. B nHCbMe K Corpse Annpeeaae 24 anpen s 1892 rona OH nHCaJI H3 5IpOCJIaBJIH: «3,l1.eCb

HatIaJIHCb uraxaaruue COCTH3l!HHH Y opara, H H 6olOCb YBJIe1JbC5I, Hoo tIyBcTBylO, tITO acex orisrrparo».

YMep Cepreii CeMeHOBHtI YpyCOB 20 H05l6p 51 1897 rona.

Ha meers JIeT nepeacnn ero MJIa,ll.WHH 6paT Jl.MHTPHH CeMeHOBHtI. DepeexaB B CBoe HMeHHe (ceno Cnaccxoe 5IpOCJIaBCKOH ry- 6epHHH), OH, eCTeCTBeHHO, JIHWHJIC5I uraxvarnsrx napruepos. He 6bIJIO HX H B 5IpOCJIaBJIe, rne OH )!{HJI C ceMbeH C 1871 rona. 3,l1.eCb OH 3aHHMaJIC5I 06mecTBeHHOH ,lI.eHTeJIbHOCTblO H COCTOHn na rpa)!{,lI.aHCKoH cJIy)!{6e: 6bln npencenarenen ryoepncxoa 3eMCKOH ynpasst, HenpeMeHHbIM tIJIeHOM KpeCTbHHCKoro npHCYTCTBHSl H T. ,lI.. O,ll.HHM H3 HaH60JIee 6mBKHX ero ,lI.pY3eH 6bIJI H3BeCTHbIH: ytIeHbIH CbIH ,lI.eKa6pHCTa

E. 11. 5IKYWKHH.

o waXMaTHbIX YBJIetIeHHSlX

Jl.. YpYCOBa B 5IpOCJIaBJIe H3- BeCTHO HeMHoro. E,lI.HHCTBeHHbIM CHJIbHbIM npOTHBHHKOM 6bIJI 6paT, npHe3)!{aBWHH nnorna B rOCTH. 06 3TOM coooman «llIaxMaTHbIH »cypnan» B 1892 rony, paCCKa3bIBaH 0 waXMaTHOH )!{H3HH 5I pOCJIaB· JIH. CKOHtIaJICH Jl.MHTPHH CeaeHOBHtI B Ilerepriypre 23 HIOJI5I 1903 rona.