ELASTICITY

Elasticity is the property of a

material that enables it to
return to its original shape
and size when the force that
was acting on it is removed.
HOOKE’S LAW
Hooke's Law states that if a spring
is not stretched beyond its elastic
limit, the force that acts on it is
directly proportional to the
extension of the spring.
ELASTIC LIMIT
The elastic limit of a spring is
defined as the maximum force that
can be applied to a spring such that
the spring will be able to be
restored to its original length when
the force is removed.
Equation derived from Hooke's
Law
SPRING CONSTANT
Spring constant is
defined as the ratio
of the force applied
on a spring to the
extension of the
spring.

It is a measure of the
stiffness of a spring
or elastic object.
Graph of Stretching Force -
Extension
Gradient =
Spring constant

Area below the

graph = Work
done
F-x graph and spring constant
The higher the gradient,
the greater the spring
constant and the harder
(stiffer) spring.

For example, the

stiffness of spring A is
greater than spring B.
SPRING
Arrangement in series:
Extension = x × number of spring
Stiffness decreases
Spring constant = k/number of
spring
Arrangement in parallel:
Extension = x ÷ number of spring
Stiffness increases
Spring constant = k × number of
spring
Factors Affecting the Stiffness of
Spring
Material type of spring
(A steel spring is stiffer than a copper spring)
Stiffer Less stiff
Factors Affecting the Stiffness of Spring
Diameter of wire of spring
(The greater the diameter of the wire, the stiffer the
spring)
Stiffer Less stiff
 Factors Affecting the Stiffness of
Spring
Diameter of the spring
(The smaller the diameter of spring, the stiffer the
spring)
Stiffer Less stiff
 Factors Affecting the Stiffness of
Spring
Length of the string
(Shorter spring is stiffer)
Stiffer Less stiff