Review Questions 91 92 93 94 05 96 oF 98 99 910 OL 92 943 Briefly explain the following representations: sign-magnitud, twos complement, biased. Explain how ta determine if a number is negative in the following representations sign-magnitude, twos complement, biased What isthe sigi-entension rule for fey complement numbers? How ean you form the negation of an intexer in fsos complement representation? In general terms, when does the twos complement operation on an n-bit integer pro dluce the same integer? ‘What isthe difference between the twos complement representation of a number and the twos complement at a number? If we treat? wos complement numbers as unsigned integers for purposes of addition, the result is correct if interpreted as a b¥os complement number. This is no true thr multiplication. Why” What are the Cour essential elements of a number in floating-point notation? What is the benefit of using biased representation for the exponent portion ofa Hoating- point number? What are the differences among positive overflow. expanent overflow, and signifi: cand overflow? What are the basic elements of fh Give a reason for the use of guard bits. List four alternative methods of rounding the result of a floating-point op ing paint addition and subtraction?Review Questions A 122 12.3 1a 1s 126 1h7 What general roles are performed by CPU registers? What categories of data are commonly supported by user-visible registers? What is the function of condition codes? What is a program status word? Why isa bvosstage instruction pipeline unlikely to cut the instruction eycle time it hall, compared with the use of nu pipeline” List and briefly explain various ways in which an instruction pipeline ean deal with conditional branch instructions, How are history bits used for branch prediction?Review Questions ad 1.2 1.3 td 1s 10.6 10.7 108 1.9 10.10 10.11 WW. 10.13 1.4 WIS What are the typical elements of a machine instruction? What types of locations can hold source and destination operands? If.an instruction contains four addresses, what might be the purpose af each address? List and briefly explain five important instruction set desivn issues, What types of operands are typical in machine instruction sets! What is the relationship between the IRA character code and the packed decimal resentation What is the difference between an arithmetic shift and a logical shift? , Why are transfer of control instructions needed? List and briefly explain two common ways of generating the condition to be tested it a conditional branch instruction, ‘Whal is meant by the term nesiing of procedur List three possible places for storing the return address for a procedure return. ‘What is a entrant procedure? ‘What is the difference between assembly language and machine language? What is reverse Polish notation? What is the difference between hig endian and litth endian?Review Questions Ud define immediate addressing. LL2 Briefly define direct addressing, na define indirect addressing. 4 define register addressing. ILS. Biiefly define register indirect addressing 116 Briefly define displacement addressing 17 Briefly define relative addressing. TL8 What is the advantage of autoindexing? 1.9) What is the difference between postindexing and preindexing? LL10) What facts go into determining the use of the addressing bits of ait instruction’? TLIL What dre the advantages and disadvantages of using @ variable-length instruction format?Review Questions What are the key properties of Semiconductor memory? What are two senses in which the term randane-access mernery is used” What is the difference between DRAM and SRAM, in terms of application? What is the difference between DRAM and SRAM, in tents of characteristics such as speed, size, and co Explain why one type of RAM is considered to be analog and the other digital What are some applications for ROM? What are the differences among EPROM, EEPROM. and flash memory? Explain the function of each pin in Figure $.4b What isa parity bil? How is the syndrome for the Hamming code interpreted’? How does SDRAM differ trom ordinary DRAM?